Accessory for electronic device, housing, communication device, and communication system

Abstract

An accessory for an electronic device, a housing, a communication device, and a communication system, aiming to solve the problem of poor communication quality caused by low gain and small beam angle of an antenna radiator. In the accessory, an accessory radiator is spaced apart from an antenna radiator of the electronic device and couples a signal from the antenna radiator, that is, the antenna radiator couples the signal to the accessory radiator; the accessory radiator is in coupling connection with a radio frequency connector; and the radio frequency connector is connected to an external antenna. The accessory allows the electronic device to transmit a signal outwards or receive a signal by means of the external antenna, and the external antenna has high gain and large beam angle, so that communication gain and a beam angle of the electronic device are increased, thereby improving communication quality.

Description

Accessories, housings, communication equipment and communication systems for electronic equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on August 17, 2023, with application number 202311052726.5 and application name “Accessories, housings, communication equipment and communication systems for electronic devices”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and specifically to an accessory, a housing, a communication device, and a communication system for an electronic device. Background Art

[0003] Mobile phones and other electronic devices typically have antenna radiators inside them, allowing them to wirelessly communicate with satellites or communication base stations. However, these antenna radiators have low communication gain and a narrow beam angle, resulting in poor communication quality.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide an accessory, a housing, a communication device, and a communication system for an electronic device, which can increase gain and beam angle and improve communication quality.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an accessory for an electronic device, the accessory comprising: an accessory radiator and a radio frequency connector, the accessory radiator being configured to be spaced apart from an antenna radiator of the electronic device and to couple signals from the antenna radiator; the radio frequency connector being coupled to the accessory radiator, the radio frequency connector being configured to be connected to an external antenna.

[0007] Through the above-mentioned setting, the interval between the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator of the electronic device is set, and the signal is coupled from the antenna radiator, that is, the antenna radiator couples the signal to the accessory radiator, the RF connector is coupled and connected to the accessory radiator, and the RF connector is connected to the external antenna; the accessory enables the electronic device to transmit or receive signals outward through the external antenna, and the external antenna has a larger gain and beam angle, thereby increasing the gain and angle of the electronic device and improving the communication quality.

[0008] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the length of the accessory radiator is approximately 1 / 2 ± 1 / 8 of the medium operating wavelength. The medium operating wavelength corresponds to the operating frequency of the antenna radiator of the electronic device, for example, the center frequency of the operating frequency band. Exemplarily, when the operating frequency band is 1.5 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the length of the accessory radiator is 30 mm to 75 mm. This configuration ensures that the operating frequency band of the accessory radiator covers commonly used cellular and satellite communication frequency bands, providing wide operating frequency band coverage.

[0009] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the antenna radiator is configured to generate a first resonance, and the first resonance covers a satellite transmit frequency band or a satellite receive frequency band. In one embodiment, the satellite transmit frequency band includes a 2 GHz frequency or the satellite receive frequency band includes a 2.2 GHz frequency. In one embodiment, the transmit frequency (TX) includes 2 GHz and the receive frequency band (RX) includes 2.2 GHz, and this operating frequency band may cover the Tiantong satellite frequency band.

[0010] It is understandable that the length of the accessory radiator can be 35mm-55mm. Through the above configuration, the accessory radiator can couple the signal of the working frequency band of the antenna radiator, such as the Tiantong satellite frequency band.

[0011] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the accessory further includes a dielectric plate, the accessory radiator is stacked and disposed on the dielectric plate, and the dielectric plate is configured to be disposed between the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator. The dielectric plate can support the accessory radiator to facilitate the manufacture and installation of the accessory radiator.

[0012] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, in an implementation in which the electronic device includes a mobile phone and the outer shell is a mobile phone case, a mounting groove may be provided on the inner side of the shell side panel, and the dielectric plate may be provided in the mounting groove so that the inner wall of the accommodating groove is roughly flat.

[0013] In some embodiments, which may include the above embodiments, the length of the accessory radiator is greater than the length of the antenna radiator. Because the space between the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator has a certain dielectric constant, such as the internal structure, housing, and dielectric plate of the electronic device, the length of the accessory radiator is greater than the length of the antenna radiator. This allows the electrical length of the accessory radiator to be approximately equal to the electrical length of the antenna radiator, thereby avoiding the influence of the dielectric constant.

[0014] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, when the accessory is in use, the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator both extend along a first direction, the accessory radiator includes a first end and a second end, and the antenna radiator includes a third end and a fourth end, with the first end being closer to the third end relative to the second end; the first end and the third end are spaced apart along the first direction. With this arrangement, the electric field strength point of the antenna radiator and the electric field strength point of the accessory radiator are offset along the first direction, and the third end is closer to the center of the accessory radiator, thereby forming a magnetoelectric coupling between the third end and the corresponding accessory radiator. This can weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator, making it easier for signals to couple into the accessory radiator, thereby reducing signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator.

[0015] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the minimum distance between the first end and the third end along the first direction is greater than 3 mm. The minimum distance between the first end and the third end along the first direction is greater than 3 mm (e.g., 4 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, etc.). When the minimum distance between the first end and the third end along the first direction is 3 mm, the isolation between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator is close to -5.6 dB (loss is 5.6 dB). When the loss is less than or equal to 5 dB, the impact of the loss on communication quality is almost negligible, and the signal coupling between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator is good. Therefore, by ensuring that the minimum distance between the first end and the third end along the first direction is greater than 3 mm, the signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator can be ensured to be less than 5 dB, further reducing signal loss and improving communication quality.

[0016] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the accessory radiator includes a first accessory radiator and a second accessory radiator spaced apart along a first direction, and an end of the first accessory radiator proximate to the second accessory radiator and an end of the second accessory radiator proximate to the first accessory radiator are both coupled to the RF connector. This arrangement facilitates connection between the accessory radiator and the RF connector.

[0017] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the second end and the fourth end are spaced apart along the first direction. This arrangement causes another electric field strength point (the fourth end) of the antenna radiator to be staggered from another electric field strength point (the second end) of the accessory radiator along the first direction, thereby further weakening the energy storage field between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator, and further reducing signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator.

[0018] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, within a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the second end on the preset plane falls on the projection of the antenna radiator on the preset plane. Through the above arrangement, another electric field strength point of the accessory radiator (the second end) and another electric field strength point of the antenna radiator (the fourth end) are staggered along the first direction, and the second end is close to the center of the antenna radiator (the magnetic field strength point), so that magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the second end and the corresponding antenna radiator; that is, magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the third end and the corresponding accessory radiator, and magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the second end and the corresponding antenna radiator, and magnetic coupling is formed at the position between the two magnetoelectric couplings, which can further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator, making it easier for the signal to couple into the accessory radiator, and further reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator.

[0019] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, in a preset plane parallel to the first direction, a projection of the first end is located outside a projection of the antenna radiator.

[0020] In some embodiments, which may include the above embodiments, the first end and the second end are both open ends.

[0021] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, a grounding point is provided on the accessory radiator, the grounding point being located between the first end and the second end. For example, a grounding metal layer may be provided on the housing, and the grounding point of the accessory radiator may be connected to the grounding metal layer via a wire to achieve grounding of the grounding point of the accessory radiator. The grounding metal layer may be provided on a side panel or a back panel of the housing.

[0022] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the accessory radiator includes a first accessory radiator and a second accessory radiator spaced apart along a first direction, an end of the first accessory radiator away from the second accessory radiator is a first end, and an end of the second accessory radiator away from the first accessory radiator is a second end; the first end and the second end are both ground ends.

[0023] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the antenna radiator includes a first antenna radiator and a second antenna radiator spaced apart along the first direction, an end of the first antenna radiator away from the second antenna radiator being a third end, and an end of the second antenna radiator away from the first antenna radiator being a fourth end; the third end and the fourth end are both grounded; a first gap is formed between the first antenna radiator and the second antenna radiator, and a second gap is formed between the first accessory radiator and the first accessory radiator, with the first gap and the second gap spaced apart along the first direction. This arrangement allows the electric field strength points of the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator to be electrically offset, thereby reducing signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator.

[0024] In some embodiments, including the above embodiments, the minimum distance between the first slot and the third end along the first direction is smaller than the minimum distance between the second slot and the third end. This allows the first slot and the second slot to be spaced apart along the first direction, with the first slot being closer to the third end. In implementations where the projection of the first end within a predetermined plane is outside the antenna radiator, the minimum distance between the first slot and the third end is smaller than the minimum distance between the second slot and the third end. This allows the lengths of the first and second accessory radiators to be approximately equal, preventing them from being too long or too short.

[0025] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, in a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the first end is located within the projection of the antenna radiator.

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a housing, comprising a shell and the accessory as described above, wherein the accessory is disposed on the shell, and the shell is configured to accommodate an electronic device, wherein the accessory radiator is disposed inside the shell.

[0027] The housing provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the accessories in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.

[0028] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the housing includes a back panel and side panels surrounding the back panel, the side panels being arranged perpendicular to the back panel and forming a cavity for accommodating the electronic device. The back panel is rectangular, and the side panels include a first side panel and a second side panel, the first side panel and the second side panel corresponding to adjacent sides of the back panel. The accessory radiator is disposed on the first side panel. This arrangement allows the accessory radiator to be positioned close to the antenna radiator while maintaining a distance therebetween when the mobile phone is installed in the housing, thereby simplifying installation.

[0029] In some embodiments that may include the above-mentioned embodiments, the accessory radiator is offset relative to the center of the first side plate along the length direction of the first side plate, that is, the accessory radiator is offset. It is understood that the offset of the accessory radiator relative to the center of the first side plate can be such that the distances from the first end and the second end to the center are different. With the above-mentioned arrangement, when the electronic device is placed in the housing, the first end and the third end can be arranged to be spaced apart along the first direction, that is, the electric field strength point of the antenna radiator and the electric field strength point of the accessory radiator are staggered along the first direction, and the third end is close to the center of the accessory radiator, so that a magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the third end and the corresponding accessory radiator, thereby reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator.

[0030] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the first side panel may be a side panel located at the top of the housing, so that when the electronic device is placed in the housing, the first side panel is close to the frame on which the antenna radiator is located, so that the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator are close to each other. When in use, the antenna radiator is oriented toward the zenith to prevent external objects such as the user's head from blocking the signal.

[0031] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the distance between the accessory radiator and the inner wall of the housing is 1 mm to 3 mm. This arrangement can also reduce the distance between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator while ensuring low signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator, thereby facilitating a lightweight and thin design for the accessory.

[0032] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, comprising an electronic device and a housing as described above, wherein the housing is used to accommodate the electronic device.

[0033] The communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application includes the accessories in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.

[0034] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, comprising an electronic device and the accessory as described above, wherein the accessory is arranged near an antenna radiator of the electronic device.

[0035] The communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application includes the accessories in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.

[0036] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the electronic device includes a frame having a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap disposed therein. The antenna radiator includes at least a portion of the conductive frame between the first insulating gap and the second insulating gap. The projection of the accessory radiator on the frame overlaps the first insulating gap, and the projection of the accessory radiator on the frame is spaced apart from the second insulating gap. Since other communication antennas are typically disposed on the frame, the projection of the accessory radiator on the frame is spaced apart from the second insulating gap to prevent the accessory radiator from interfering with the operation of the other communication antennas.

[0037] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the antenna radiator includes a main radiator and a parasitic radiator arranged along a first direction, the main radiator including a third end and a fourth end, the parasitic radiator being located on a side of the third end away from the fourth end, the main radiator being configured to couple a signal to the parasitic radiator; and the accessory radiator including a first end and a second end, wherein a projection of the first end is located within a projection of the parasitic radiator in a predetermined plane parallel to the first direction. Through the above arrangement, the first end (electric field strength point) can be staggered with the eighth end (electric field strength point) and the third end (electric field strength point), and the eighth end (electric field strength point) and the third end (electric field strength point) are both located near the center (magnetic field strength point) of the accessory radiator, so that the first end (electric field strength point) forms a magnetoelectric coupling with the eighth end (electric field strength point) and the third end (electric field strength point). This can increase the magnetoelectric coupling area, further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator and the parasitic radiator, and further reduce signal loss between the antenna radiator and the parasitic radiator.

[0038] In some embodiments, which may include the above embodiments, the parasitic radiator is spaced apart from the main radiator along the first direction.

[0039] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the distance between the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator is 1 mm to 3 mm. This arrangement can reduce the distance between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator while ensuring low signal loss between the antenna radiator and the accessory radiator, thereby facilitating a lightweight and thin design for the accessory.

[0040] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, comprising the communication device as described above and an external antenna, the external antenna being connected to the RF connector, and the external antenna being used to generate a second resonance, wherein the second resonance is used to cover the above-mentioned satellite transmission frequency band or the satellite reception frequency band, for example, the above-mentioned satellite transmission frequency band includes a 2 GHz frequency, and the above-mentioned satellite reception frequency band includes a 2.2 GHz frequency.

[0041] The communication system provided in the embodiments of the present application includes the accessories in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG2 is an exploded view of the communication device and the housing provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the beam angle of an electronic device;

[0046] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the beam angle of the external antenna;

[0047] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application applied to an in-vehicle scenario;

[0048] FIG7 is a first structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG8 is a first schematic diagram of the position between the accessory radiator and the electronic device in a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG9 is a graph showing electric and magnetic fields of the structure shown in FIG8 ;

[0051] FIG10 is an S parameter curve diagram of the structure shown in FIG8 ;

[0052] FIG11a is a second structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG11b is a third structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG12 is a graph showing the electric and magnetic fields of the structure shown in FIG11b;

[0055] FIG13 is a fourth structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of an accessory radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application, including a first accessory radiator and a second accessory radiator;

[0057] FIG15a is a second schematic diagram of the positions of the accessory radiator and the electronic device in the communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG15 b is an S parameter curve diagram of the structure shown in FIG15 a ;

[0059] FIG15c is an antenna matching diagram of the structure shown in FIG15a;

[0060] FIG16a is a third schematic diagram of the positions of the accessory radiator and the electronic device in the communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG16 b is an S parameter curve diagram of the structure shown in FIG16 a ;

[0062] FIG16c is an antenna matching diagram of the structure shown in FIG16a;

[0063] FIG17a is a fourth schematic diagram of the positions of the accessory radiator and the electronic device in the communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG17 b is an S parameter curve diagram of the structure shown in FIG17 a ;

[0065] FIG17c is an antenna matching diagram of the structure shown in FIG17a;

[0066] FIG18 is an exploded view of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG20 is a top view of the housing in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG21 is a fifth structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG22 is a graph showing electric and magnetic fields of the structure shown in FIG21;

[0071] FIG23 is a sixth structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG24 is a seventh structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG25 a is a fifth schematic diagram of the positions of the accessory radiator and the electronic device in the communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG25 b is a graph showing an S parameter curve of the structure shown in FIG25 a ;

[0075] FIG25c is an antenna matching diagram of the structure shown in FIG25a;

[0076] FIG26a is a sixth schematic diagram of the positions of the accessory radiator and the electronic device in the communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] FIG26 b is a graph showing an S parameter curve of the structure shown in FIG26 a ;

[0078] FIG26c is an antenna matching diagram of the structure shown in FIG26a;

[0079] FIG27a is a seventh schematic diagram of the positions of the accessory radiator and the electronic device in the communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0080] FIG27 b is a graph showing an S-parameter curve of the structure shown in FIG27 a ;

[0081] FIG28 is a schematic diagram eight of the structure of the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator in the communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] FIG29 is a ninth structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] FIG30 is a structural diagram 10 of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] FIG31 is a structural diagram eleven of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] FIG32 is a twelfth structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0086] FIG33 is a thirteenth structural diagram of an accessory radiator and an antenna radiator in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0087] FIG34 a is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure corresponding to the line common mode;

[0088] FIG34 b is a diagram showing the current and electric field distribution of the antenna structure in FIG34 a ;

[0089] FIG34c is a current curve diagram of the radiator of the accessory in FIG28;

[0090] FIG35 a is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure corresponding to the linear differential mode;

[0091] FIG35 b is a diagram showing the current and electric field distribution of the antenna structure in FIG35 a ;

[0092] FIG35c is a current curve diagram of the radiator of the accessory in FIG11a;

[0093] FIG36 a is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure corresponding to the slot common mode;

[0094] FIG36 b is a diagram showing the current and electric field distribution of the antenna structure in FIG36 a ;

[0095] FIG36 c is a current curve diagram of the radiator of the accessory in FIG30 ;

[0096] FIG37 a is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure corresponding to the slot differential mode;

[0097] FIG37 b is a diagram showing the current and electric field distribution of the antenna structure in FIG37 a ;

[0098] FIG37c is a current curve diagram of the accessory radiator in FIG32.

[0099] Description of reference numerals:

[0100] 1: Communication device; 2: External antenna; 3: Coaxial cable; 10: Accessory; 20: Electronic device; 30: Housing; 100: Communication system; 110: Accessory radiator; 120: RF connector; 130: Dielectric plate; 111: First accessory radiator; 112: Second accessory radiator; 1111: First end; 1112: Fifth end; 1121: Second end; 1122: Sixth end; 113: First gap; 30: Housing; 310: Shell; 320: Accommodation cavity; 311: Back panel; 312: Side panel; 313: First side panel; 314: Second Second side plate; 200: antenna radiator; 201: main radiator; 202: parasitic radiator; 203: seventh end; 204: eighth end; 210: cover plate; 220: display screen; 230: middle frame; 231: frame; 240: printed circuit board; 250: back cover; 2323: first insulating break; 2324: second insulating break; 261: first antenna radiator; 2611: third end; 2612: ninth end; 262: second antenna radiator; 2621: fourth end; 2622: tenth end; 263: second gap; 280: through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0101] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0102] In the following, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0103] In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, directional terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "horizontal" and "vertical" are defined relative to the orientation of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly according to changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.

[0104] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, an electrical connection, a coupled connection, or a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Among them, coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be referred to as "electrical connection", which is understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as a form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless / non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be referred to as capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitor through coupling between the gap between two conductive parts.

[0105] Opposite / oppositely arranged: A and B are arranged opposite to each other, which may mean that A and B are arranged face-to-face. For example, when two radiators are arranged opposite each other, at least a portion of the radiators overlap along a certain direction. In one embodiment, the two oppositely arranged radiators are adjacent to each other, with no other radiators or conductive objects other than antenna structures positioned between them.

[0106] Capacitance: This can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitors; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

[0107] Inductance: This can be understood as lumped inductance and / or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to inductive components, such as inductors; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a certain length of conductive material, such as the equivalent inductance formed by the curling or rotation of the conductor.

[0108] Radiator, or antenna branch: is a device in the antenna used to receive / send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, "antenna" is understood in a narrow sense as a radiator, which converts the guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and is converted by the radiator into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy and transmits it to the receiver input via the feeder line.

[0109] The radiator (or antenna branch) may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a linear or sheet-like shape, etc. The present application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be simply referred to as a linear antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a conductive frame, and can also be called a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a bracket conductor, and can also be called a bracket antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator, or the radiator of the linear antenna, has a wire diameter (for example, including thickness and width) much smaller than the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length can be comparable to the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, the length is about 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of linear antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave oscillator antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding portion from the feeding end of the radiating branch. For example, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) can be regarded as a monopole antenna with a ground path added. The IFA antenna has a feeding point and a grounding point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is an inverted-F shape. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna, or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (also known as a PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (such as a conductive sheet or a conductive coating, etc.). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as a silver paste, etc. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, annular, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a floor, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiator and the floor.

[0110] The radiator (or antenna branch) may also include a slot or slot formed in a conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slot formed in a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slotted radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or slot antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including the width) of the slot or slot of the slot antenna / slot antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., the length is approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or slot may be referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slot (e.g., a closed slot or slot with an additional opening) may be referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is elongated. In some embodiments, the slot is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot is approximately an integer multiple of the wavelength (e.g., one wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed with a transmission line spanning one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a conductive frame with both ends grounded, also known as a frame antenna. In this embodiment, the slot antenna or slot antenna can be considered to include a linear radiator spaced from the floor and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-enclosed slot or slot. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a bracket conductor with both ends grounded, also known as a bracket antenna.

[0111] In some embodiments, the electronic device may also include a test socket (or RF socket or RF test socket). This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable and test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuit or antenna radiator through the cable. The RF front-end circuit can be considered as the circuit portion coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.

[0112] In some embodiments, the RF front-end circuit may be integrated into a RF front-end chip in the electronic device, or the RF front-end circuit and the transceiver may be integrated into a RF chip in the electronic device.

[0113] It should be understood that any two of the first / second / ...Nth feeding circuits in the present application can share the same transceiver, for example, transmitting signals through a radio frequency channel in a transceiver (for example, a port (pin) of a radio frequency chip); they can also share a radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, processing signals through a switch or amplifier in a radio frequency front-end.

[0114] It should also be understood that two feeding circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feeding circuit in the present application usually correspond to two radio frequency test sockets in the electronic device.

[0115] A matching circuit is a circuit used to adjust the radiation characteristics of an antenna. In one embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the corresponding radiator. Typically, the matching circuit is coupled between the test socket and the radiator. In one embodiment, the matching circuit performs impedance matching and / or frequency tuning functions. Generally, it is considered part of the antenna.

[0116] The tuning circuit is a circuit associated with adjusting the resonant frequency of the antenna. In one embodiment, the tuning circuit is coupled between the radiator and the floor. In one embodiment, the tuning circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the radiator. In one embodiment, the tuning circuit performs impedance matching and / or frequency tuning functions. It is generally considered to be part of the antenna.

[0117] In one embodiment, the matching circuit / tuning circuit may include a switch and / or an electronic component / device. The switch may be an electronic component / device for switching the coupling connection of the radiator. The switch in the matching circuit / tuning circuit may also be referred to as an antenna switch. In one embodiment, the matching circuit / tuning circuit may include a filtering circuit.

[0118] The grounding structure / feeding structure may include a connector, such as a metal spring, through which the radiator is coupled to the floor / feeding structure is coupled to the feeding circuit. In some embodiments, the feeding structure may include a transmission line / feeding line, and the grounding structure may include a grounding wire.

[0119] The feeder, also known as the transmission line, refers to the connection line between the antenna's transceiver and the radiator. Depending on the frequency and form, the transmission line can directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves. The connection point on the radiator to the transmission line is usually called the feed point. Transmission lines include wire transmission lines, coaxial transmission lines, waveguides, or microstrip lines. Depending on the implementation form, the transmission line can include a bracket antenna body or a glass antenna body. Depending on the carrier, the transmission line can be implemented by LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer), FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), or PCB (Printed Circuit Board).

[0120] Ground / Floor: This generally refers to at least a portion of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components. "Ground / Floor" can be used to ground components within the electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground / floor" can include any one or more of the following: the grounding layer of the electronic device's circuit board, the grounding plate formed by the electronic device's midframe, the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film below the screen, the conductive grounding layer of the battery, and conductive or metal parts electrically connected to the above grounding layer / grounding plate / metal layer. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-to-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as fiberglass, polymer, or the like. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and the grounding layer being electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as a display, touch screen, input buttons, transmitter, processor, memory, battery, charging circuit, and system-on-chip (SoC) structures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board, or electrically connected to a trace layer and / or ground layer in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source can be located on a trace layer.

[0121] Any of the above-mentioned grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of a conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the grounding layer / grounding plate / grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

[0122] Grounding refers to coupling with the ground / floor via a grounding structure and / or grounding circuit. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as achieving physical grounding at a specific location on the frame through a portion of the middle frame's structural components (or referred to as a physical ground). In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as grounding through a capacitor, inductor, resistor, or other device connected in series or parallel (or referred to as a device ground).

[0123] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The resonant frequency can be a frequency range in which the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB. The strongest resonance point can be called the resonance point, and the frequency corresponding to the resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the antenna / radiator mentioned in this application produces a "first / second... resonance", where the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to the specific design, and each antenna mode can generate a corresponding fundamental mode resonance.

[0124] Resonant frequency band: The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.

[0125] Communication frequency band / working frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (band width). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band has an operating frequency band that includes frequencies in the range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the antenna's operating frequency band. The width of the operating frequency band is called the operating bandwidth. The operating bandwidth of an omnidirectional antenna may reach 3-5% of the center frequency. The operating bandwidth of a directional antenna may reach 5-10% of the center frequency. The bandwidth can be considered as a frequency range on both sides of the center frequency (for example, the resonant frequency of a dipole), where the antenna characteristics are within the acceptable value range of the center frequency.

[0126] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band may be the same, or may partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may overlap one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0127] Electrical length: Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium to the time required for the signal to travel the same distance as the physical length of the medium in free space. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0128] Where L is the physical length, a is the propagation time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the propagation time in free space.

[0129] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0130] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0131] In some embodiments of the present application, the physical length of the radiator may be understood as being within ±20%, or within ±10%, or within ±5% of the electrical length of the radiator.

[0132] In the embodiments of the present application, the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode (such as a half-wavelength mode) of an antenna may refer to the wavelength of a signal radiated by the antenna. For example, the half-wavelength mode of a suspended metal antenna may resonate in the 1.575 GHz frequency band, where the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode refers to the wavelength of a signal radiated by the antenna in the 1.575 GHz frequency band.

[0133] Wavelength: Or operating wavelength, this can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, if the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using 1955MHz. "Operating wavelength" is not limited to the center frequency; it can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0134] It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in the air can be calculated as follows: (wavelength of air, or wavelength in vacuum) = speed of light / frequency, where frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3×108m / s. The wavelength of the radiation signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: medium wavelength = (speed of light / √ε) / frequency, where ε is the relative dielectric constant of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of the present application generally refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the working frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative dielectric constant of the medium filled on one or more sides of the radiator.

[0135] End / point: The "end / point" in the first end / second end / feeding end / grounding end / feeding point / grounding point / connection point of an antenna radiator should not be narrowly understood as an end point or end portion that is physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or a section on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, an "end / point" may include a connection / coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to other conductive structures. For example, the feeding end / feeding point may be a coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to a feeding structure (for example, an area facing a portion of the feeding structure). For another example, the grounding end / grounding point may be a connection / coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to a grounding structure.

[0136] Open end, closed end: In some embodiments, the open end and the closed end are, for example, relative to whether they are grounded. The closed end is grounded, and the open end is not grounded. In some embodiments, the open end and the closed end are, for example, relative to other conductors. The closed end is electrically connected to other conductors, and the open end is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, the open end can also be referred to as a floating end, a free end, an open end, or an open-circuit end. In one embodiment, the closed end can also be referred to as a grounded end or a short-circuit end. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open end to transfer coupling energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0137] In some embodiments, the "closed end" can also be understood from the perspective of current distribution. The closed end or the grounded end can be understood as a point with larger current on the radiator, or as a point with smaller electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current / smaller electric field can be maintained by coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the closed end. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current / smaller electric field can be maintained by opening a gap at or near the closed end (for example, a gap filled with insulating material).

[0138] In some embodiments, the understanding of "open end" can also be viewed from the perspective of current distribution. The open end or floating end can be understood as a point with low current on the radiator, or as a point with high electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the open end can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the low current point / high electric field point.

[0139] It should be understood that coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) to the radiator end at a gap (from the perspective of the radiator structure, it is similar to a radiator at an opening of an open end or a suspended end) can make the radiator end a point with larger current / smaller electric field. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

[0140] The “suspended radiator” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application means that the radiator is not directly connected to the feed line / feed branch and / or the ground line / ground branch, but is fed and / or grounded through indirect coupling.

[0141] It should be understood that the "suspended" in "suspended end" and "suspended radiator" does not mean that there is no structure around the radiator to support it. In one embodiment, the suspended radiator can be, for example, a radiator disposed on the inner surface of the insulating back cover.

[0142] The limitations on position and distance such as the middle or middle position mentioned in the embodiments of the present application all represent a certain range. For example, the middle (position) of the conductor can be a conductor portion including the midpoint on the conductor, or a conductor portion of one-eighth of the wavelength including the midpoint of the conductor, wherein the wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point. For another example, the middle (position) of the conductor can be a conductor portion on the conductor that is less than a predetermined threshold (for example, 1 mm, 2 mm, or 2.5 mm) from the midpoint. The middle position of the slot or the middle position of one side of the slot refers to the middle position of one side of the slot.

[0143] The limitations such as collinearity, coaxiality, coplanarity, symmetry (for example, axisymmetry, or center symmetry, etc.), parallelism, perpendicularity, and sameness (for example, same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all for the current level of technology, rather than absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense. There may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold (for example, 1mm, 0.5m, or 0.1mm) in the line width direction between two collinear radiating branches or the edges of two antenna units. There may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold in the direction perpendicular to their coplanar planes between two coplanar radiating branches or the edges of two antenna units. There may be a deviation of a predetermined angle between two antenna units that are parallel or perpendicular to each other. In one embodiment, the predetermined threshold may be less than or equal to a threshold of 1mm, for example, the predetermined threshold may be 0.5mm, or may be 0.1mm. In one embodiment, the predetermined angle may be an angle within the range of ±10°, for example, the predetermined angle deviation is ±5°.

[0144] The current same direction / reverse direction mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the conductor on the same side is the same direction / reverse direction. For example, when stimulating a unidirectional distributed current on a conductor that is bent or ring-shaped (for example, the current path is also bent or ring-shaped), it should be understood that, for example, the main currents stimulated on the conductors on both sides of the ring conductor (for example, a conductor surrounding a gap, on the conductors on both sides of the gap) are opposite in direction, which still falls within the definition of unidirectional distributed current in this application. In one embodiment, the current same direction on a conductor can refer to the current on the conductor having no reversal point. In one embodiment, the current reverse on a conductor can refer to the current on the conductor having at least one reversal point. In one embodiment, the current same direction on two conductors can refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in the same direction. In one embodiment, the current reverse on two conductors can refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in opposite directions. The current same direction / reversal on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.

[0145] Impedance and Impedance Matching: Antenna impedance generally refers to the ratio of voltage to current at the antenna input. Antenna impedance is a measure of the antenna's resistance to electrical signals. Generally speaking, antenna input impedance is a complex number: the real part is called input resistance, denoted by Ri, and the imaginary part is called input reactance, denoted by Xi. Antennas whose electrical length is much smaller than the operating wavelength have large input reactance. For example, short dipole antennas have large capacitive reactance, while small loop antennas have large inductive reactance. The input impedance of a very thin half-wavelength dipole is approximately 73.1 + j42.5 ohms. In practical applications, for easier matching, it is generally desirable to have zero input reactance for a symmetrical dipole. The length of the dipole in this case is called the resonant length. The length of a resonant half-wavelength dipole is slightly shorter than half a wavelength in free space, generally estimated to be 5% shorter in engineering. The input impedance of an antenna is dependent on factors such as its geometry, size, feed point location, operating wavelength, and ambient environment. A thicker wire antenna exhibits a more gradual change in input impedance with frequency, resulting in a wider impedance bandwidth.

[0146] The primary purpose of studying antenna impedance is to achieve matching between the antenna and the transmission line. To match a transmitting antenna to a transmission line, the antenna's input impedance should be equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. To match a receiving antenna to a receiver, the antenna's input impedance should be equal to the complex conjugate of the load impedance. Receivers typically have real impedance. When the antenna's impedance is complex, a matching network is required to remove the antenna's reactive component and equalize its resistive component.

[0147] When the antenna and transmission line are well matched, the power transmitted from the transmitter to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver is maximized. In this case, there are no reflected waves on the transmission line, the reflection coefficient is zero, and the standing wave ratio is 1. The degree of antenna-to-transmission line matching is measured by the reflection coefficient or standing wave ratio at the antenna input. For a transmitting antenna, a poor match reduces the antenna's radiated power, increases transmission line losses, and decreases the line's power capacity. In severe cases, the transmitter's frequency may "pull," meaning the oscillation frequency changes.

[0148] Beamwidth: It is divided into horizontal beamwidth and vertical beamwidth. The horizontal beamwidth refers to the angle between the two directions in the horizontal direction where the radiation power drops by 3dB on either side of the maximum radiation direction. The vertical beamwidth refers to the angle between the two directions in the vertical direction where the radiation power drops by 3dB on either side of the maximum radiation direction.

[0149] Antenna Gain: This is used to measure how well an antenna radiates input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe of an antenna pattern and the smaller the side lobes, the higher the antenna gain.

[0150] dB: Decibel, a logarithmic scale with a base of ten. The decibel scale is used only to measure the proportional relationship between one physical quantity and another; it itself has no physical dimension. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, the difference between them is expressed as 10 decibels. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, and D = 1. Then, A / D = 20dB; B / D = 10dB; C / D = 7dB; and B / C = 3dB. In other words, a 10dB difference between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a 20dB difference is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A 3dB difference is a 2-fold difference.

[0151] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port by the antenna circuit to the antenna port's transmitted power. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0152] Antenna return loss can be expressed using the S11 parameter, a type of S parameter. S11 represents the reflection coefficient and can characterize the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0153] In one embodiment, the S11 diagram can be understood as a schematic diagram for representing the resonance generated by the antenna. In one embodiment, the portion of the resonance shown in the S11 diagram that is less than -6dB can be understood as the resonant frequency / frequency range / operating frequency band generated by the antenna. The S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss and the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna and the higher the antenna system efficiency. The larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss and the lower the antenna system efficiency.

[0154] It should be noted that an S11 value of -4dB can be used as a standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -4dB, it can be considered that the antenna is operating normally. It should be understood that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB can also be used as a standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna has good transmission efficiency.

[0155] Isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna to the signal from the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of antenna mutual coupling. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between the two antennas is the S21 and S12 parameters between the antennas. Antenna isolation can be represented by the S21 and S12 parameters, which are also a type of S parameter. The S21 and S12 parameters are usually negative numbers. Smaller S21 and S12 parameters indicate greater isolation and less mutual coupling between antennas. Larger S21 and S12 parameters indicate less isolation and greater mutual coupling between antennas. Antenna isolation depends on the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between the antennas, and the antenna gain.

[0156] Ground state: corresponds to a section of radiator, or the lowest frequency resonance generated by a radiator in a certain antenna mode. Among them, "ground state position" or "ground state resonant frequency" refers to the frequency range or resonant frequency corresponding to the ground state of the radiator in a specific antenna mode (for example, the lowest frequency resonance generated). "Ground state" can also be called "fundamental mode". Corresponding to the "ground state" are "higher order" or "higher order mode / higher order mode", or can also be called "frequency doubling" (for example, triple frequency, quintuplicate frequency). Unless otherwise specified, the "resonance" in the embodiments of this application refers to the resonance in the ground state, or the resonance generated by the fundamental mode.

[0157] As shown in Figure 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system 100, which can be applicable to one or more of the following communication technologies: satellite mobile communication system communication technology, Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, global positioning system (GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology and other future communication technologies.

[0158] Communication system 100 may include a communication device 1 and an external antenna 2. Communication device 1 may include an electronic device 20 and an accessory 10 for the electronic device (hereinafter referred to as accessory 10). Electronic device 20 may include a mobile phone, tablet computer, customer premises equipment (CPE), smart bracelet, smart watch, etc. As shown in FIG2 , electronic device 20 has an antenna radiator 200. Electronic device 20 can transmit or receive signals via antenna radiator 200 disposed thereon. Accessory 10 is positioned near antenna radiator 200 so that antenna radiator 200 can couple signals into accessory 10. Accessory 10 includes a radio frequency connector 120 and an accessory radiator 110. External antenna 2 is connected to radio frequency connector 120. In the use state, the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 are arranged close to each other and spaced apart. The external antenna 2 is used to transmit or receive signals to the outside world. The antenna radiator 200 can receive signals from the external antenna 2 through the accessory 10, or transmit wireless signals to the external antenna 2 through the accessory 10. In other words, the electronic device 20 transmits and receives signals through the external antenna 2. The use state is when the accessory 10 is adapted to the electronic device 20, that is, the radiator of the accessory 10 is close to the antenna radiator 200 of the electronic device 20.

[0159] Continuing with reference to FIG. 2 , it can be understood that the RF connector 120 can be a universal connector such as an SMA (SubMiniature version A) RF connector to facilitate compatibility with the external antenna 2 shown in FIG. 1 . Exemplarily, the RF connector 120 can include a connector body and an inner conductor. The connector body can include a metal tube. The inner conductor is disposed within the connector body and spaced apart from the connector body. At least one of the inner conductor and the connector body is coupled to the radiator of the accessory 10 . The outer wall of the connector body can be provided with external threads to facilitate connection of the RF connector 120 to the external antenna 2 . Exemplarily, the RF connector 120 can be connected to the external antenna 2 via a coaxial cable. Accordingly, the inner conductor can be connected to the core wire of the coaxial cable, and the connector body can be connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. Of course, the present embodiment of the application does not limit the structure of the RF connector 120 , as long as it can achieve connection between the accessory 10 and the external antenna 2 , thereby enabling the accessory 10 to transmit signals to the external antenna 2 or receive signals from the accessory radiator 110 .

[0160] Continuing with FIG1 , in an implementation where the communication system 100 is adapted for use in a satellite mobile communication system, the communication system 100 can, for example, communicate with a Tiantong satellite. Accordingly, the electronic device 20 can communicate with the Tiantong satellite via an external antenna 2. Because the satellite mobile communication system offers wide coverage (seamless coverage), all-weather capabilities, and stability and reliability, the electronic device 20 can maintain communication functions such as making calls and sending text messages even in areas with poor communication environments (e.g., oceans, mountains, plateaus, forests, Gobi Deserts, etc.).

[0161] Continuing with FIG2 , in some embodiments, the communication device 1 includes a housing 30 for accommodating the electronic device 20. In implementations where the electronic device 20 includes a mobile phone, the housing 30 may be a mobile phone case. Exemplarily, the housing 30 may include a back panel 311 and side panels 312 surrounding the back panel 311. The side panels 312 and back panel 311 may be arranged substantially perpendicular to each other, and the side panels 312 and back panel 311 may define a housing 320 for accommodating the mobile phone. When the mobile phone is placed in the housing 320, the back panel 311 is positioned adjacent to the rear cover of the mobile phone, while the side panels 312 are positioned outside the mobile phone frame. The housing 30 protects the mobile phone from damage caused by collisions with external objects. The housing 30 may be made of materials such as plastic and rubber, and the present invention does not limit the material of the housing 30. In some implementations, the housing 30 may be provided with decorative patterns or structures to enhance the decorative effect of the housing 30.

[0162] In some embodiments, the housing 30 also includes the accessory 10 in the above-mentioned implementation method, and the accessory 10 is set on the shell 310; the position of the accessory 10 is reasonably set, and when the electronic device 20 is placed in the housing 30, it can be ensured that the accessory 10 is close to the antenna radiator 200, so that the antenna of the electronic device can couple the signal to the accessory 10.

[0163] In some embodiments, the communication system 100 is used to communicate with a satellite, and the antenna radiator 200 is used in the electronic device 20 to form a satellite communication antenna. For example, when the electronic device 20 is not used with the accessory radiator in the accessory 10, the antenna radiator 200 can be used to generate a first resonance for feeding. The first resonance is used to cover a first frequency, such as the center frequency of the TX (Transmit) frequency band of satellite communication; or the first resonance is used to cover a second frequency, such as the center frequency of the RX (Receive) frequency band of satellite communication. In one embodiment, the first frequency is 2 GHz (e.g., corresponding to the TX frequency band of the Tiantong satellite); the second frequency is 2.2 GHz (e.g., corresponding to the RX frequency band of the Tiantong satellite).

[0164] For example, in an implementation where the electronic device 20 includes a mobile phone, as shown in FIG3 , the electronic device 20 may include: a cover 210, a display 220 / module, a printed circuit board 240 (PCB), a middle frame 230, and a rear cover 250. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover 210 may be a glass cover, or may be replaced with a cover 210 made of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass cover, a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) cover, or the like.

[0165] The cover plate 210 may be arranged close to the display screen 220 , and may be mainly used to protect the display screen 220 and prevent dust.

[0166] In one embodiment, the display screen 220 may include a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0167] The middle frame 230 mainly plays a supporting role for the entire machine. FIG2 shows that the PCB is arranged between the middle frame 230 and the back cover 250. It should be understood that in one embodiment, the PCB can also be arranged between the middle frame 230 and the display screen 220. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Among them, the printed circuit board 240 can adopt a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, or a Rogers dielectric board, or a mixed dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, and so on. Here, FR-4 is a code for a grade of flame-resistant material, and the Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. The PCB carries electronic components, such as radio frequency chips.

[0168] In one embodiment, a metal layer may be provided on the printed circuit board 240. The metal layer may be used for grounding the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board 240, and may also be used for grounding other components, such as a bracket antenna, a frame antenna, etc. The metal layer may be referred to as a floor, a grounding plate, or a grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal layer may be formed by etching metal on the surface of any dielectric plate in the PCB. In one embodiment, the metal layer for grounding may be provided on one side of the printed circuit board 240 close to the middle frame 230. In one embodiment, the edge of the printed circuit board 240 may be regarded as the edge of its grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal middle frame 230 may also be used for grounding the above-mentioned components. The electronic device 20 may also have other floors / grounding plates / grounding layers, as previously described, which will not be repeated here.

[0169] Due to the compactness of the interior of the electronic device 20, a floor / grounding plate / grounding layer is typically provided within the internal space 0-2 mm from the inner surface of the middle frame 230 (for example, the printed circuit board 240, the middle frame 230, the screen metal layer, the battery, etc. can all be considered part of the floor). In one embodiment, a dielectric is filled between the frame 231 and the floor. The length and width of the rectangle enclosed by the inner surface contour of the dielectric filling can be simply considered the length and width of the floor. Alternatively, the length and width of the rectangle enclosed by the contour formed by superimposing all the conductive parts inside the frame 231 can be considered the length and width of the floor.

[0170] The electronic device 20 may also include a battery (not shown). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 230 and the back cover 250, or between the middle frame 230 and the display screen 220, although this application does not limit this. In some embodiments, the PCB is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery may be disposed between the main board and the sub-board. The main board may be disposed between the middle frame 230 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board may be disposed between the middle frame 230 and the lower edge of the battery.

[0171] The electronic device 20 may further include a camera device (not shown). The camera device may be connected to a PCB and may capture images of the outside world through the camera device. Accordingly, when the electronic device 20 is placed in the housing 30 shown in FIG2 , the back plate 311 is disposed opposite the display screen 220 , i.e., the back plate 311 faces and is close to the back cover 250 . The back plate 311 may be provided with a through hole 280 that faces the camera device to prevent the back plate 311 from blocking the camera device from capturing images of the outside world.

[0172] The electronic device 20 may further include a frame 231, which may be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The frame 231 may be disposed between the display 220 and the back cover 250 and extend circumferentially around the periphery of the electronic device 20. The frame 231 may have four sides surrounding the display 220, helping to secure the display 220.

[0173] In one implementation, the frame 231 made of a conductive material can be directly used as the conductive frame of the electronic device 20, for example, forming a metal frame appearance, suitable for metal industrial design (ID). In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 231 can be a conductive material, such as a metal material, to form a metal frame appearance. In these implementations, the conductive portion of the frame 231 can be used as the antenna radiator 200 of the electronic device 20 (as shown in Figure 2).

[0174] In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 231 can also be a non-conductive material, such as plastic, to form the appearance of a non-metallic frame, which is suitable for non-metallic ID. In one implementation, the inner surface of the frame 231 may include a conductive material, such as a metal material. In this implementation, the conductive portion of the frame 231 can be used as the antenna radiator 200 (as shown in Figure 2) of the electronic device 20. It should be understood that the radiator (or the conductive material on the inner surface) provided on the inner surface of the frame 231 is arranged in contact with the non-conductive material of the frame 231 to facilitate antenna radiation, and both the conductive material and the non-conductive material should be regarded as part of the frame 231.

[0175] The middle frame 230 may include a border 231. The middle frame 230 including the border 231 is an integral part that can support the electronic devices in the entire machine. The cover 210 and the back cover 250 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the border 231 to form the housing of the electronic device 20. Alternatively, the border 231 may not be regarded as a part of the middle frame 230. In one embodiment, the border 231 may be connected to the middle frame 230 and formed as one piece. In another embodiment, the border 231 may include a protrusion extending inward to connect to the middle frame 230, for example, by means of shrapnel, screws, welding, etc. In one embodiment, the cover 210, the back cover 250, the border 231, and the middle frame 230 may be collectively referred to as the housing of the electronic device 20. It should be understood that "casing" can be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover 210, the back cover 250, the frame 231 or the middle frame 230, or to refer to part or all of any combination of the cover 210, the back cover 250, the frame 231 or the middle frame 230.

[0176] The back cover 250 can be a back cover 250 made of metal material; it can also be a back cover 250 made of non-conductive material, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover or other non-metallic back cover; it can also be a back cover 250 made of both conductive and non-conductive materials.

[0177] In one embodiment, the back cover 250 including a conductive material can replace the middle frame 230 and be integrated with the frame 231 to support the electronic components in the entire device.

[0178] In one embodiment, the conductive parts in the middle frame 230 and / or the back cover 250 can serve as the reference ground of the electronic device 20, wherein the frame 231, PCB, etc. of the electronic device 20 can be grounded through electrical connection with the middle frame 230.

[0179] In one embodiment, the frame 231 can at least partially serve as the antenna radiator 200 (as shown in FIG. 2 ) to transmit and receive radio frequency signals. A gap can exist between this portion of the frame 231 serving as the radiator and other portions of the middle frame 230, or between the frame 230 itself and the middle frame 230, thereby ensuring a good radiation environment for the antenna radiator 200. In one embodiment, an aperture can be provided near this portion of the frame 231 serving as the antenna radiator 200. In one embodiment, the aperture can include an aperture provided within the electronic device 20, for example, an aperture that is not visible from the exterior surface of the electronic device 20. In one embodiment, the internal aperture can be formed by any one of the middle frame 230, the battery, the circuit board, the back cover 250, the display 220, or other internal conductive components, or by a combination of multiple components. For example, the internal aperture can be formed by a structural component of the middle frame 230. In one embodiment, the aperture can also include a slit / slit / opening provided in the frame 231. In one embodiment, the slit / opening / opening on the frame 231 can be a fracture formed on the frame 231, where the frame 231 is divided into two parts that are not directly connected. In one embodiment, the aperture can also include a slit / opening / opening provided on the back cover 250 or the display screen 220. In one embodiment, the back cover 250 includes a conductive material, and the aperture provided in the conductive material can be connected to the slit or fracture of the frame 231 to form a continuous aperture on the exterior surface of the electronic device 20.

[0180] In one embodiment, the antenna radiator 200 of the electronic device 20 (as shown in FIG2 ) can also be disposed within the frame 231. The frame 231 includes a non-conductive material, and the antenna radiator 200 can be located within the electronic device 20 and disposed along the frame 231, or the antenna radiator 200 can be at least partially embedded in the non-conductive material of the frame 231. In one embodiment, the antenna radiator 200 is disposed close to the non-conductive material of the frame 231 to minimize the volume occupied by the antenna radiator 200 and to be closer to the outside of the electronic device 20, thereby achieving better signal transmission. It should be noted that the antenna radiator 200 being disposed close to the frame 231 means that the antenna radiator 200 can be disposed close to the frame 231, or can be disposed close to the frame 231, for example, there can be a certain small gap between the antenna radiator 200 and the frame 231.

[0181] FIG3 only schematically shows some components of the electronic device 20 , and the actual shapes, sizes and structures of these components are not limited by the figure.

[0182] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the surface of the electronic device 20 where the display screen 220 is located can be considered as the front surface, the surface where the back cover 250 is located can be considered as the back surface, and the surface where the frame 231 is located can be considered as the side surface.

[0183] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, it is considered that when the user holds the electronic device 20 (for example, the user holds the electronic device 20 and unlocks it, or for example, when the user holds the electronic device 20 vertically and faces the screen), the orientation of the electronic device 20 has a top, a bottom, a left side, and a right side.

[0184] As shown in Figure 2 , in an implementation where the mobile phone's antenna radiator 200 is disposed on a frame 231, the accessory 10 can be disposed on a side panel 312 of a housing 310. This ensures that the accessory 10 is close to the frame 231 where the antenna radiator 200 is disposed, facilitating signal coupling, while the mobile phone is placed within the housing 320. Accordingly, the mobile phone can be placed within the housing.

[0185] Referring to Figures 2 and 4 , in one embodiment, because the performance of antenna radiator 200 is constrained by the internal space and structure of electronic device 20, the communication beam angle A (as shown in Figure 4 ) formed by antenna radiator 200 is relatively small (e.g., ±15° from the zenith). Within the communication beam angle, antenna radiator 200 has a certain gain, enabling signal transmission and reception. Outside the beam angle, antenna radiator 200 has a lower gain, making signal transmission and reception difficult, thus impacting communication functionality. In one embodiment, a wide-beam antenna can be designed, such that the antenna formed by antenna radiator 200 has a relatively large communication beam angle A (e.g., ±45° or ±50° from the zenith). When obstructions are present (e.g., in forests or mountainous areas), even though antenna radiator 200 has a relatively large communication beam angle, the obstruction can still significantly impact communication quality, potentially leading to call failures or low call success rates.

[0186] Please refer to Figures 2 and 5. Since the external antenna 2 is not restricted by space and structure, the external antenna 2 can be set larger, so that the communication beam angle A of the external antenna 2 is larger (such as ±60° in the zenith direction), and the gain within the beam angle area may be higher than the gain of the antenna radiator 200 (for example, the gain can be 3dB-4dB higher than the antenna formed by the antenna radiator 200). Therefore, the electronic device 20 has better communication quality when communicating through the external antenna 2 than when communicating only through the antenna radiator 200.

[0187] Exemplarily, the external antenna 2 may include a gooseneck antenna, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the external antenna 2.

[0188] As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments, the external antenna 2 can be directly mounted on the RF connector 120 of the accessory 10. The short distance between the external antenna 2 and the RF connector 120 can reduce signal loss from the RF connector 120 to the external antenna 2, thereby improving communication quality. Furthermore, in this application scenario, the entire communication system 100 is compact and small, allowing users to make calls and send text messages using the handheld electronic device 20 and the external antenna 2, providing greater flexibility.

[0189] Please refer to Figure 6. In some embodiments, the communication system 100 is applied to a vehicle-mounted scenario. Accordingly, the external antenna 2 can be set on the outside of the vehicle. The exemplary external antenna 2 can be located at the roof 4 to avoid the vehicle blocking the signal. The external antenna 2 is located on the roof 4. When communicating between the external antenna 2 and the Tiantong satellite, due to the large beam angle of the external antenna 2, direct communication can be carried out without performing satellite alignment, which reduces the complexity of the operation and improves the user experience. The electronic device 20 (such as a mobile phone) and the accessory 10 can be located in the cab or cabin of the vehicle. The external antenna 2 can be connected to the RF connector of the accessory 10 via a coaxial cable 3, so that the user can make and receive calls and send text messages in the car.

[0190] It can be understood that the external antenna 2 can be connected to the roof 4 in a detachable manner. For example, a magnet can be provided on the external antenna 2. When the external antenna 2 is close to the roof 4, the magnetic force between the magnet and the roof 4 can fix the external antenna 2 on the roof 4; or, a suction cup is provided on the external antenna 2. When in use, the suction cup is adsorbed on the roof 4. The suction cup can be fixed to the roof 4 through external air pressure, thereby achieving fixation between the external antenna 2 and the roof 4; of course, the external antenna 2 can also be connected to the roof 4 by gluing or other methods, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0191] Continuing to refer to Figures 1 and 2, the accessory 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the accessory radiator 110 is arranged to be spaced apart from the antenna radiator 200 of the electronic device 20, and the signal is coupled from the antenna radiator 200, that is, the antenna radiator 200 couples the signal to the accessory radiator 110, and the RF connector 120 is coupled to the antenna radiator 200 through the accessory radiator 110, and the RF connector 120 is connected to the external antenna 2; through the accessory 10, the electronic device 20 can transmit or receive signals outward through the external antenna 2, and the external antenna 2 has a large gain and beam angle, thereby increasing the communication gain and beam angle of the electronic device 20 and improving the communication quality.

[0192] Continuing with reference to Figure 2, in some embodiments, the back panel 311 can be rectangular, and the side panel 312 can include a first side panel 313 and a second side panel 314, and the first side panel 313 and the second side panel 314 respectively correspond to the adjacent sides of the back panel 311, that is, the first side panel 313 and the second side panel 314 are adjacent and approximately perpendicular; the first side panel 313 can be a side panel close to the antenna radiator 200, and the corresponding accessory radiator 110 is arranged on the first side panel 313, so that when the mobile phone is installed in the shell 310, the accessory radiator 110 can be close to the antenna radiator 200, and the arrangement is spaced apart to reduce the difficulty of installation.

[0193] In the above implementation, antenna radiator 200 can be mounted on the top frame 231 of electronic device 20. When in use, antenna radiator 200 faces the zenith to prevent signal obstruction by external objects such as the user's head. Accordingly, first side panel 313 can be top side panel 312, allowing accessory radiator 110 and antenna radiator 200 to be positioned close to each other.

[0194] In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the accessory radiator 110, the structure of the antenna radiator 200, and the positional relationship between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 can be various, which will be described in detail below:

[0195] Referring to Figures 7 and 8 , the arrows in Figure 7 indicate the direction of current flow. Both antenna radiator 200 and accessory radiator 110 may extend along a first direction (e.g., the horizontal direction in Figures 7 and 8 ), meaning their lengths are parallel to the first direction. In implementations where electronic device 20 is a mobile phone, the first direction may be parallel to the extension direction of the mobile phone frame 231 , allowing accessory radiator 110 to be substantially parallel to the mobile phone frame 231 .

[0196] For example, the accessory radiator 110 may include a first end 1111 (left end in FIG. 7 ) and a second end 1121 (right end in FIG. 7 ) disposed opposite each other along a first direction. Accordingly, the antenna radiator 200 includes a third end 2611 (left end in FIG. 7 ) and a fourth end 2621 (right end in FIG. 7 ) disposed opposite each other along the first direction. The first end 1111 is positioned closer to the third end 2611 relative to the second end 1121, and the second end 1121 is positioned closer to the fourth end 2621 relative to the first end 1111. In one embodiment, the length of the accessory radiator 110 along the first direction may be substantially equal to the length of the antenna radiator 200 along the first direction, for example, within a ±10% difference. In one embodiment, the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 are substantially aligned, and the second end 1121 and the fourth end 2621 are substantially aligned, for example, within a ±2 mm difference in the first direction. In one embodiment, in a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the first end 1111 substantially coincides with the projection of the third end 2611 , and the projection of the second end 1121 substantially coincides with the projection of the fourth end 2621 .

[0197] In some embodiments, the third end 2611 can be an open end or can serve as a feed end for the antenna radiator 200 to connect to a feed circuit of the electronic device 20. The feed circuit can include a radio frequency chip, a switch, and a matching path. The radio frequency chip is connected to the matching path via the switch. The matching path can include components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors to achieve impedance matching. The fourth end 2621 can be an open end, or the fourth end 2621 can be grounded via components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors to facilitate impedance matching.

[0198] In some embodiments, the center of the antenna radiator 200 may be grounded. It is understood that the center of the antenna radiator 200 may be a geometric midpoint or an electrical midpoint (or an area within a certain range near the midpoint).

[0199] The first end 1111 and the second end 1121 of the accessory radiator 110 can both be open ends. The center or a position close to the center of the accessory radiator 110 can be connected to the inner conductor of the RF connector 120, and the connector body of the RF connector 120 can be grounded to achieve a connection between the RF connector 120 and the accessory radiator 110. It is understandable that a grounding metal layer can be provided on the housing 310 shown in Figure 2, and the connector body of the RF connector 120 can be connected to the grounding metal layer to achieve grounding of the connector body. Exemplarily, the grounding metal layer can be provided on the side plate 312 or the back plate 311 of the housing 310. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the position of the grounding metal layer, as long as the grounding of the connector body can be achieved.

[0200] In some implementations, the accessory radiator 110 includes a first accessory radiator 111 and a second accessory radiator 112. The first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112 are spaced apart along a first direction so that a gap is formed between the first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112. The first accessory radiator 111 is disposed near the third end 2611, and the second accessory radiator 112 is disposed near the fourth end 2621. Accordingly, the first end 1111 is an end of the first accessory radiator 111 away from the second accessory radiator 112, and the second end 1121 is an end of the second accessory radiator 112 away from the first accessory radiator 111. The first end 1111 and the second end 1121 can be open ends. Accordingly, the fifth end 1112 of the first accessory radiator 111 facing away from the first end 1111 (i.e., the end of the first accessory radiator 111 close to the second accessory radiator 112) can be connected to the inner conductor of the RF connector 120, and the sixth end 1122 of the second accessory radiator 112 facing away from the second end 1121 (i.e., the end of the second accessory radiator 112 close to the first accessory radiator 111) can be connected to the connector body of the RF connector 120; alternatively, the fifth end 1112 of the first accessory radiator 111 facing away from the first end 1111 can be connected to the connector body of the RF connector 120, and the sixth end 1122 of the second accessory radiator 112 facing away from the second end 1121 can be connected to the inner conductor of the RF connector 120, thereby achieving a connection between the accessory radiator 110 and the RF connector 120.

[0201] Figure 9 shows the electric and magnetic field distribution curves on antenna radiator 200 and accessory radiator 110 when antenna radiator 200 couples signals to accessory radiator 110. In the figure, E1 represents the electric field strength curve on accessory radiator 110, H1 represents the magnetic field strength curve on accessory radiator 110, and E2 represents the electric field strength curve on antenna radiator 200, while H2 represents the magnetic field strength curve on antenna radiator 200. As shown in Figure 9 , the electric field strength points (third end 2611 and fourth end 2621) of antenna radiator 200 are close to the electric field strength points (first end 1111 and second end 1121) of accessory radiator 110, while the magnetic field strength point (approximately at the center) of antenna radiator 200 is close to the magnetic field strength point (approximately at the center) of accessory radiator 110, resulting in signal coupling between antenna radiator 200 and accessory radiator 110 via magnetic coupling.

[0202] FIG10 is an S-parameter graph of the structure shown in FIG8 . As can be seen from FIG10 , the resonant frequency of the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately 2 GHz. Near the resonant frequency, the isolation between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately -11.4 dB, that is, the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is 11.4 dB.

[0203] 11a and 11b , the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 may both extend along a first direction, i.e., the length directions of the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 are parallel to the first direction. In an implementation where the electronic device 20 is a mobile phone, the first direction may be parallel to the extension direction of the mobile phone frame 231 (shown in FIG. 2 ), such that the accessory radiator 110 may be substantially parallel to the mobile phone frame 231.

[0204] In some embodiments, the length of the accessory radiator 110 is greater than the length of the antenna radiator 200, that is, the length of the accessory radiator 110 along the first direction is greater than the length of the antenna radiator 200 along the first direction. Because the space between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 has a certain dielectric constant, such as the internal structure of the electronic device 20 and the housing 310 shown in FIG2 , which also have a certain dielectric constant, by making the length of the accessory radiator 110 greater than the length of the antenna radiator 200, the electrical length of the accessory radiator 110 can be made approximately equal to the electrical length of the antenna radiator 200.

[0205] It can be understood that the length of the accessory radiator 110 can be slightly larger than the length of the antenna radiator 200, and the difference between the length of the accessory radiator 110 and the length of the antenna radiator 200 can be reasonably set according to the dielectric constant of the space between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the difference between the length of the accessory radiator 110 and the length of the antenna radiator 200.

[0206] In the above implementation, the length of the accessory radiator 110 is approximately 1 / 2±1 / 8 of the medium operating wavelength, wherein the medium operating wavelength corresponds to the operating frequency of the antenna radiator 200, for example, specifically corresponds to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the antenna radiator 200. The antenna radiator 200 generates a first resonance, and the first resonance is a satellite transmission frequency band or a satellite reception frequency band. In one embodiment, the satellite transmission frequency band includes a 2 GHz frequency or the satellite reception frequency band includes a 2.2 GHz frequency. Exemplarily, the length of the accessory radiator 110 can be 30 mm-75 mm, that is, the length of the accessory radiator 110 along the first direction can be 30 mm-75 mm. With such a configuration, the accessory radiator 110 can be used to couple the signal of the operating frequency band of the above-mentioned antenna radiator, such as the Tiantong satellite frequency band. In one embodiment, the accessory radiator 110 configured in this way can also be used to couple the cellular communication frequency band of the above-mentioned antenna radiator, and the operating frequency band covers a wider range.

[0207] It can be understood that when the accessory radiator 110 is used to couple the signal of the Tiantong satellite frequency band, the length of the accessory radiator 110 can be 35mm-55mm. At this time, the transmission (TX) frequency band in the Tiantong satellite frequency band can include 2GHz, and the reception (RX) frequency band can include 2.2GHz.

[0208] In the above implementation, the external antenna 2 is used to generate a second resonance, which covers the above-mentioned satellite transmission frequency band or the satellite reception frequency band. For example, the above-mentioned satellite transmission frequency band includes a 2GHz frequency, and the above-mentioned satellite reception frequency band includes a 2.2GHz frequency. The working frequency bands of the external antenna 2 and the antenna radiator 200 at least partially overlap, so that the antenna radiator 200 can send signals to the outside or receive signals through the external antenna 2.

[0209] Continuing with FIG11a , the accessory radiator 110 may include a first end 1111 (left end in FIG11a ) and a second end 1121 (right end in FIG11a ) disposed opposite each other along a first direction. Accordingly, the antenna radiator 200 includes a third end 2611 (left end in FIG11a ) and a fourth end 2621 (right end in FIG11a ) disposed opposite each other along the first direction, wherein the first end 1111 is disposed proximate to the third end 2611, and the second end 1121 is disposed proximate to the fourth end 2621. The first end 1111 and the third end 2611 are spaced apart along the first direction. In some embodiments, within a predetermined plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the first end 1111 is located outside the projection of the antenna radiator 200, that is, the first end 1111 extends away from the antenna radiator 200. As shown in Figure 9, the electric field strength points of the antenna radiator 200 (the third end 2611 and the fourth end 2621) are close to the electric field strength points of the accessory radiator 110 (the first end 1111 and the second end 1121), and the magnetic field strength point (center) of the antenna radiator 200 is close to the magnetic field strength point (center) of the accessory radiator 110, so that a larger energy storage field is formed between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200, and the signal is not easily coupled into the accessory radiator 110, resulting in higher signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110. 12 , by spacing the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction, that is, the electric field strength point of the antenna radiator 200 (the third end 2611) and the electric field strength point of the accessory radiator 110 (the first segment 1111) are staggered along the first direction, and the third end 2611 is close to the center (magnetic field strength point) of the accessory radiator 110, a magneto-electric coupling is formed between the third end 2611 and the corresponding accessory radiator 110. This can weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110, making it easier for the signal to couple into the accessory radiator 110, thereby reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0210] The energy storage field strength between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is related to the distance between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110. If the distance is large, the energy storage field strength is weak, and if the distance is small, the energy storage field strength is strong. In some embodiments, due to space limitations for accessory installation, the distance between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is no greater than 3 mm. For example, the distance between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is within the range of 1 mm to 3 mm. For example, in an implementation in which the outer shell is a mobile phone case, the distance between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is within the range of 1 mm to 2 mm. For another example, in other implementations, the distance between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is 1 mm to 3 mm. The aforementioned spatial limitations maintain a certain level of energy storage field strength between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110. This energy storage field strength can be enhanced or weakened by adjusting the relative positional relationship (e.g., relative alignment or relative offset) between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110. In the embodiment of the present application, the distance between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm. This reduces signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 and facilitates a lightweight and thin accessory design.

[0211] In the implementation where the accessory is mounted on the housing, the distance between the accessory radiator 110 and the inner wall of the housing 30 (the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 320) is 1mm-3mm. This arrangement facilitates a lightweight design of the accessory while ensuring low signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0212] In the above implementation, within a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the third end 2611 can be located between the projection of the first end 1111 and the midpoint of the accessory radiator 110, that is, the third end 2611 corresponds to the accessory radiator 110 between the first end 1111 and the midpoint, and the third end 2611 can be set close to the midpoint of the accessory radiator 110, so that the electric field strength point of the antenna radiator 200 can be close to the magnetic field strength point of the accessory radiator 110 to form magnetoelectric coupling.

[0213] Continuing with reference to Figure 12, in some embodiments, the second end 1121 and the fourth end 2621 are arranged to be spaced apart along the first direction. Such an arrangement allows another electric field strength point (fourth end 2621) of the antenna radiator 200 and another electric field strength point (second end 1121) of the accessory radiator 110 to be staggered along the first direction, which can further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110, and further reduce the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0214] In some implementations, within a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the second end 1121 is located inside the projection of the antenna radiator 200, that is, the fourth end 2621 extends along the first direction away from the accessory radiator 110; accordingly, the accessory radiator 110 is offset as a whole relative to the antenna radiator 200 (that is, the accessory radiator 110 is biased to the left). Through the above-mentioned arrangement, another electric field strength point (second end 1121) of the accessory radiator 110 and another electric field strength point (fourth end 2621) of the antenna radiator 200 are staggered along the first direction, and the second end 1121 is close to the center (magnetic field strength point) of the antenna radiator 200, so that magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the second end 1121 and the corresponding antenna radiator 200; that is, magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the third end 2611 and the corresponding accessory radiator 110, and magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the second end 1121 and the corresponding antenna radiator 200. Magnetic coupling is formed at the position between the two magnetoelectric couplings, which can further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110, making it easier for the signal to be coupled into the accessory radiator 110, thereby further reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0215] It can be understood that, within a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the second end 1121 is located between the midpoint of the antenna radiator 200 and the projection of the fourth end 2621, that is, the second end 1121 corresponds to the antenna radiator 200 between the fourth end 2621 and the midpoint, and the second end 1121 can be set close to the midpoint of the antenna radiator 200 so that the electric field strength point of the accessory radiator 110 can be close to the magnetic field strength point of the antenna radiator 200 to form magnetoelectric coupling.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 13 , in other implementations, the projection of the second end 1121 may be located outside the projection of the antenna radiator 200 in a plane parallel to the first direction, that is, the second end 1121 extends along the first direction away from the antenna radiator 200. This arrangement can also cause another electric field intensity point (the second end 1121) of the accessory radiator 110 to be offset from another electric field intensity point (the fourth end 2621) of the antenna radiator 200 along the first direction. The fourth end 2621 is located near the center (magnetic field intensity point) of the accessory radiator 110, thereby forming a magnetoelectric coupling between the fourth end 2621 and the corresponding accessory radiator 110. This can further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110, making it easier for the signal to couple into the accessory radiator 110, thereby further reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0217] In the above implementation, the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction and the minimum distance between the second end 1121 and the fourth end 2621 along the first direction may be approximately equal or different, and this application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0218] Figures 15a, 16a, and 17a are schematic structural diagrams corresponding to when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, respectively; Figures 15b, 16b, and 17b are S-curve diagrams corresponding to when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, respectively. It can be seen from Figure 15b that when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 5 mm, the isolation between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately -3.1 dB, that is, the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately 3.1 dB. As shown in Figure 16b, when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 10 mm, the isolation between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately -1.5 dB, meaning the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately 1.5 dB. As shown in Figure 17b, when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 15 mm, the isolation between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately -1.0 dB, meaning the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately 1.0 dB. This indicates that as the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction increases, the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 decreases, and the impact of this distance on signal loss gradually decreases. In addition, as shown in FIG10 , by arranging the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 spaced apart along the first direction, the signal loss can be reduced from 11.4 dB to below 3.1 dB, thereby reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 .

[0219] Figure 15c shows the antenna matching diagram for the communication device 1 shown in Figure 15a. Port a is connected to port m of the test device via a first capacitor C1, and is also grounded via a first inductor R1. Port b can be grounded via a third inductor R3. Port c is connected to port n of the test device via a second capacitor C2, and is also grounded via a second inductor R2. Properly setting the parameters of the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, the first inductor R1, the second inductor R2, and the third inductor R3 can achieve antenna matching. Specifically, the first capacitor C1 can be approximately 2pF, the second capacitor C2 can be approximately 2.8pF, the first inductor R1 can be approximately 7nH, the second inductor R2 can be approximately 1.7nH, and the third inductor R3 can be approximately 20nH. Unlike the above implementation, in other implementations, port b can be grounded via a capacitor, and the grounding device can be appropriately selected based on the impedance matching. It is understood that the test device can be a device that tests the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 to obtain an S-curve, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0220] Figure 16c is the antenna matching diagram of the communication device 1 shown in Figure 16a. Port a is connected to port m of the test device; port b is grounded through the second inductor R2; port c is connected to port n of the test device through the first capacitor C1, and port n is also grounded through the first inductor R1. Reasonable setting of the parameters of the first capacitor C1, the first inductor R1, and the second inductor R2 can achieve antenna matching. Among them, the first capacitor C1 can be about 2.8pF, the first inductor R1 can be about 2.8nH, and the second inductor R2 can be about 20nH. Different from the above implementation, in other implementations, port b can be grounded through a capacitor, and the grounding device can be reasonably selected according to the impedance matching situation.

[0221] Figure 17c shows the antenna matching diagram for the communication device 1 shown in Figure 17a. Port a is connected to port m of the test device; port c is connected to port n of the test device via a first capacitor C1, which is also connected to ground via a first inductor R1. Properly setting the parameters of the first capacitor C1 and the first inductor R1 can achieve antenna matching. The first capacitor C1 can be approximately 4pF, and the first inductor R1 can be approximately 5nH.

[0222] In some implementations, the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction can be greater than 3 mm (e.g., 4 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, etc.). When the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 3 mm, the isolation between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is close to -5.6 dB (loss is 5.6 dB). When the loss is less than or equal to 5 dB, the impact of the loss on communication quality is almost negligible, and in this case, the signal coupling between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 is good. Therefore, by ensuring that the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is greater than 3 mm, the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110 can be ensured to be less than 5 dB, further reducing signal loss and improving communication quality.

[0223] Referring to Figure 18 , in this embodiment of the present application, the accessory 10 further includes a dielectric plate 130, on which the accessory radiator 110 is stacked. The dielectric plate 130 supports the accessory radiator 110, facilitating its fabrication and installation. For example, the accessory radiator 110 may comprise a metal plate, which may be bonded to the dielectric plate 130 via adhesive bonding. Alternatively, the metal plate may be formed on the dielectric plate 130 via electroplating. In other implementations, the accessory radiator 110 may include a conductive coating, which may be applied onto the dielectric plate 130.

[0224] The dielectric plate 130 can be located between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200. In an implementation where the electronic device 20 (as shown in FIG. 2 ) includes a mobile phone, the dielectric plate 130 can be disposed between the frame and the accessory radiator 110. The dielectric plate 130 has a certain dielectric constant. For example, the material of the dielectric plate 130 can include FR4, etc. This embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the dielectric plate 130.

[0225] In an implementation where the housing 30 includes a shell 310 and an accessory 10 disposed on the shell 310, the dielectric plate 130 can be attached to the shell 310, and accordingly, the RF connector 120 can be connected to the shell 310 to secure the RF connector 120 to the shell 310. In an implementation where the electronic device 20 includes a mobile phone and the housing 30 is a mobile phone case, a mounting groove can be provided on the inner side of a side panel 312 of the shell 310, and the dielectric plate 130 can be disposed within the mounting groove to ensure a substantially flat inner wall of the groove. The side panel 312 with the mounting groove can also be provided with a mounting hole, and the RF connector 120 can be disposed within the mounting hole.

[0226] Continuing with reference to Figure 18, in the above implementation, the antenna radiator 200 can be set on the frame 231. Accordingly, the first insulating break 2323 and the second insulating break 2324 can be set at intervals on the frame 231. The antenna radiator 200 includes at least a partial conductive frame 231 between the first insulating break 2323 and the second insulating break 2324. Using a partial frame 231 as the antenna radiator 200 can improve the structural compactness of the electronic device 20 and avoid the frame 231 outside the first insulating break 2323 and the second insulating break 2324 from affecting the antenna radiator 200. Among them, the first end 1111 can be arranged close to the first insulating break 2323. Since the first end 1111 extends in the direction away from the antenna radiator 200, the projection of the accessory radiator 110 on the frame 231 can cover the first insulating break 2323; and the projection of the accessory radiator 110 on the frame 231 is spaced apart from the second insulating break 2324. Since other communication antennas are generally arranged on the frame 231, the projection of the accessory radiator 110 on the frame 231 is spaced apart from the second insulating break 2324, which can prevent the accessory radiator 110 from affecting the operation of other communication antennas.

[0227] In one embodiment, antenna radiator 200 is disposed on the top frame of the electronic device, for example, the top edge. In one embodiment, first insulating slit 2323 and second insulating slit 2324 are provided on the top edge of the electronic device and are filled with an insulating medium. First insulating slit 2323 and second insulating slit 2324 can be symmetrically provided on the top edge of the electronic device. The provision of slits can improve the radiation performance of antenna radiator 200. The symmetrical slits further ensure the electrical symmetry of antenna radiator 200 while maintaining an aesthetically pleasing appearance, thereby enhancing the directivity and system efficiency of antenna radiator 200 when operating as a satellite antenna.

[0228] In the above implementation, the antenna radiator 200 can be disposed on the frame 231 at the top of the electronic device 20, so that when in use, the antenna radiator 200 faces the zenith to prevent external objects such as the user's head from blocking the signal. Accordingly, referring to Figures 19 and 20, the housing 30 includes side panels 312 disposed around the back panel 311, and the side panels include adjacent first and second side panels 313 and 314. The first side panel 313 can be the side panel 312 at the top of the housing 30, so that when the electronic device 20 is placed in the housing 30, the first side panel 313 is close to the frame 231 on which the antenna radiator 200 is disposed, so that the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 are close to each other.

[0229] In some embodiments, the accessory radiator 110 is offset relative to the center of the first side panel 313 along its length (extension direction), i.e., the accessory radiator 110 is offset. The center of the first side panel 313 is the midpoint of the first side panel 313 along its length. It is understood that in implementations where the accessory radiator 110 includes a first end 1111 and a second end 1121, the offset of the accessory radiator 110 relative to the center of the first side panel can be such that the distances from the first end 1111 and the second end 1121 to the center are unequal. Exemplarily, the difference in distance from the first end 1111 and the second end 1121 to the center can be greater than 1.5 mm (e.g., 2 mm, 3 mm, etc.). In one embodiment, the antenna radiator of the electronic device can be located on the top edge of the electronic device and centered (e.g., offset by no more than 5%) on the top edge. For example, at least a first slit and a second slit are symmetrically provided on the top frame of the electronic device (for example, with an offset of no more than 5%), and the conductive frame between the first and second slits is used as the antenna radiator; or, for example, the antenna radiator is centered on the inner surface of the top frame of the electronic device (for example, with an offset of no more than 5%). In one embodiment, by offsetting the accessory radiator 110 to the center of the first side plate, when the electronic device 20 is placed in the housing 30, the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 can be spaced apart along the first direction, that is, the electric field strength point of the antenna radiator 200 and the electric field strength point of the accessory radiator 110 are staggered along the first direction, and the third end 2611 is close to the center of the accessory radiator 110, so that a magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the third end 2611 and the corresponding accessory radiator 110, thereby reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0230] Continuing with reference to Figures 14, 18, and 20, in some implementations, the accessory radiator 110 includes a first accessory radiator 111 and a second accessory radiator 112. The first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112 are spaced apart along a first direction so that a gap is formed between the first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112. The first accessory radiator 111 is disposed near the third end 2611, and the second accessory radiator 112 is disposed near the fourth end 2621. Accordingly, the first end 1111 is an end of the first accessory radiator 111 away from the second accessory radiator 112, and the second end 1121 is an end of the second accessory radiator 112 away from the first accessory radiator 111. The first end 1111 and the second end 1121 can be open ends. Accordingly, the fifth end 1112 of the first accessory radiator 111 facing away from the first end 1111 can be connected to the inner conductor of the RF connector 120, and the sixth end 1122 of the second accessory radiator 112 facing away from the second section can be connected to the connector body of the RF connector 120; alternatively, the fifth end 1112 of the first accessory radiator 111 facing away from the first end 1111 can be connected to the connector body of the RF connector 120, and the sixth end 1122 of the second accessory radiator 112 facing away from the second section can be connected to the inner conductor of the RF connector 120, so as to realize the connection between the accessory radiator 110 and the RF connector 120.

[0231] Referring to Figure 21 , in some embodiments, within a predetermined plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of first end 1111 lies within the projection of antenna radiator 200; that is, third end 2611 extends along the first direction away from accessory radiator 110. This arrangement can also cause the electric field intensity point of accessory radiator 110 (first end 1111) to be offset from the electric field intensity point of antenna radiator 200, thereby reducing signal loss between accessory radiator 110 and antenna radiator 200.

[0232] In some implementations, the antenna radiator 200 includes a main radiator 201 and a parasitic radiator 202 arranged in a first direction. The main radiator 201 includes a third end 2611 and a fourth end 2621. The third end 2611 is located near the first end 1111. The parasitic radiator 202 is located on a side of the third end 2611 away from the fourth end 2621. The main radiator 201 is configured to couple signals to the parasitic radiator 202. Accordingly, within a predetermined plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the first end 1111 is located within the projection of the parasitic radiator 202. The parasitic radiator 202 may include a seventh end 203 and an eighth end 204 arranged along the first direction. The eighth end 204 is located near the third end 2611. The first end 1111 corresponds to the parasitic radiator 202 between the seventh end 203 and the eighth end 204.

[0233] Please refer to Figure 22. Through the above-mentioned setting, the first end 1111 (electric field strength point) can be staggered with the eighth end 204 (electric field strength point) and the third end 2611 (electric field strength point), and the eighth end 204 (electric field strength point) and the third end 2611 (electric field strength point) are both close to the center (magnetic field strength point) of the accessory radiator 110, so that the first end 1111 (electric field strength point) forms magneto-electric coupling with the eighth end 204 (electric field strength point) and the third end 2611 (electric field strength point), which can increase the area of ​​magneto-electric coupling, thereby further weakening the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the parasitic radiator 202, and further reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the parasitic radiator 202.

[0234] In the implementation method in which the third end 2611 extends along the first direction away from the accessory radiator 110, the second end 1121 and the fourth end 2621 are arranged to be spaced apart along the first direction. Such an arrangement allows the electric field strength point of the antenna radiator 200 (the fourth end 2621) and the electric field strength point of the accessory radiator 110 (the second end 1121) to be staggered along the first direction, which can further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110, and further reduce the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0235] In some implementations, in a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the second end 1121 is located inside the projection of the antenna radiator 200 , that is, the fourth end 2621 extends along the first direction away from the accessory radiator 110 . Through the above-mentioned arrangement, another electric field strength point (second end 1121) of the accessory radiator 110 and another electric field strength point (fourth end 2621) of the antenna radiator 200 are staggered along the first direction, and the second end 1121 is close to the center (magnetic field strength point) of the antenna radiator 200, so that magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the second end 1121 and the corresponding antenna radiator 200; that is, magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the third end 2611 and the corresponding accessory radiator 110, and magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the second end 1121 and the corresponding antenna radiator 200. Magnetic coupling is formed at the position between the two magnetoelectric couplings, which can further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110, making it easier for the signal to be coupled into the accessory radiator 110, thereby further reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0236] It can be understood that in a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the second end 1121 is located between the midpoint of the main radiator 201 and the projection of the fourth end 2621, that is, the second end 1121 corresponds to the main radiator 201 between the fourth end 2621 and the midpoint, and the second end 1121 can be set close to the midpoint of the main radiator 201 so that the electric field strength point of the accessory radiator 110 can be close to the magnetic field strength point of the main radiator 201 to form magnetoelectric coupling.

[0237] Referring to Figure 23, in other implementations, in a plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the second end 1121 may also be located outside the projection of the antenna radiator 200, that is, the second end 1121 extends along the first direction away from the antenna radiator 200. Such a configuration may also cause another electric field intensity point (the second end 1121) of the accessory radiator 110 and another electric field intensity point (the fourth end 2621) of the antenna radiator 200 to be staggered along the first direction. The fourth end 2621 is close to the center (magnetic field intensity point) of the accessory radiator 110, so that magnetoelectric coupling is formed between the fourth end 2621 and the corresponding accessory radiator 110. This may further weaken the energy storage field between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110, making it easier for the signal to couple into the accessory radiator 110, thereby further reducing the signal loss between the antenna radiator 200 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0238] In some implementations, as shown in Figures 21 and 23, the parasitic radiator 202 and the main radiator 201 may be spaced apart along the first direction, the seventh end 203 may be a grounded end, and the eighth end 204 may be an open end. In other implementations, as shown in Figure 24, the parasitic radiator 202 and the main radiator 201 may also be an integral structure, and accordingly, the eighth end 204 is connected to the third end 2611, and accordingly, the seventh end 203 may be an open end, and the eighth end 204 may be a grounded end.

[0239] Figures 25a, 26a, and 27a are schematic structural diagrams corresponding to the implementation of the antenna radiator 200 including the main radiator 201 and the parasitic radiator 202 when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, respectively; Figures 25b, 26b, and 27b are S-curve diagrams corresponding to the implementation of the antenna radiator 200 including the main radiator 201 and the parasitic radiator 202 when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, respectively. As can be seen from Figure 25b, when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 5 mm, the isolation between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately -1.9 dB, that is, the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately 1.9 dB. As shown in Figure 26b, when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 10 mm, the isolation between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately -1.4 dB, meaning the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately 1.4 dB. As shown in Figure 27b, when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is 15 mm, the isolation between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately -1.4 dB, meaning the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 is approximately 1.4 dB. This indicates that as the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction increases, the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 decreases, and the impact of this distance on signal loss gradually decreases. In addition, as shown in Figures 15b, 16b, and 17b, when the minimum distance between the first end 1111 and the third end 2611 along the first direction is the same, the signal loss between the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 can be further reduced by making the projection of the first end 1111 within the projection of the parasitic radiator 202.

[0240] Figure 25c shows the antenna matching diagram for the communication device 1 shown in Figure 25a. Port a is connected to port m of the test device; port c is connected to port n of the test device via a first capacitor C1, which is also grounded via a first inductor R1; and port d is grounded via a second inductor R2. Properly setting the parameters of the first capacitor C1, first inductor R1, and second inductor R2 can achieve antenna matching. Specifically, the first capacitor C1 can be approximately 2.5pF, the first inductor R1 can be approximately 2.5nH, and the second inductor R2 can be approximately 5nH.

[0241] Figure 26c shows the antenna matching diagram for the communication device 1 shown in Figure 26a. Port a is connected to port m of the test device via the second capacitor C2; port c is connected to port n of the test device via the first capacitor C1, which is also grounded via the first inductor R1; and port d is grounded via the second inductor R2. Properly setting the parameters of the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, the first inductor R1, and the second inductor R2 can achieve antenna matching. Specifically, the first capacitor C1 can be approximately 4pF, the second capacitor C2 can be approximately 4pF, the first inductor R1 can be approximately 3nH, and the second inductor R2 can be approximately 5nH.

[0242] As shown in Figures 11a and 21, the third end 2611 can serve as the feeding end of the antenna radiator 200 to connect to the feeding circuit of the electronic device 20. As shown in Figure 18, the feeding circuit 270 may include an antenna feeding point 271 (such as a radio frequency chip), a switch 272, and a matching path 273. The antenna feeding point 271 is connected to the matching path 273 via the switch 272. The matching path 273 may include components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors to achieve impedance matching. The fourth end 2621 may be an open end, or the fourth end 2621 may be grounded via components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors to facilitate impedance matching.

[0243] As shown in Figures 11b and 21, in some embodiments, the antenna radiator 200 may be provided with a grounding point, and the grounding point may be located at or near the center of the antenna radiator 200. In some embodiments, the grounding point of the antenna radiator 200 may be located within the middle 1 / 2 of the length of the antenna radiator 200, and the distance between the grounding point and both open ends of the antenna radiator 200 is greater than 1 / 4 of the length of the antenna radiator 200. It is understood that the center of the antenna radiator 200 may be the geometric midpoint or the electrical midpoint (or an area within a certain range near the above midpoint). In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 11a, the antenna radiator 200 may not be provided with a grounding point, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0244] The accessory radiator 110 can also be a wire antenna. The accessory radiator 110 can include a whole conductor, and the first end 1111 and the second end 1121 can both be open ends. The center or near the center of the accessory radiator 110 can be connected to the inner conductor of the RF connector 120. The connector body of the RF connector 120 can be grounded to achieve a connection between the RF connector 120 and the accessory radiator 110. It is understood that a grounded metal layer can be provided on the housing 310, and the connector body of the RF connector 120 can be connected to the grounded metal layer to achieve grounding of the connector body. Exemplarily, the grounded metal layer can be provided on the side plate 312 or the back plate 311 of the housing 310. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the location of the grounded metal layer, as long as it can achieve grounding of the connector body.

[0245] As shown in Figures 28 and 29 , the difference from the implementation shown in Figures 11a and 11b is that both the accessory radiator 110 and the antenna radiator 200 are wire antennas. The first end 1111 and the second end 1121 of the accessory radiator 110 are open ends. The accessory radiator 110 is provided with a grounding point located between the first end 1111 and the second end 1121. For example, a grounding metal layer may be provided on the housing 310. The grounding point of the accessory radiator 110 may be connected to the grounding metal layer via a wire to achieve grounding of the accessory radiator 110. The grounding metal layer may be provided on the side panel 312 or the back panel 311 of the housing 310 as shown in Figure 2 . The present embodiment does not limit the location of the grounding metal layer.

[0246] In some implementations, the grounding point of the accessory radiator 110 can be the center of the accessory radiator 110 or a certain distance from the center (such as the distance from the center is within 10% of the length of the accessory radiator 110), which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0247] It can be understood that the inner conductor of the RF connector 120 shown in Figure 2 can be connected to the center of the accessory radiator 110 or a position at a certain distance from the center (such as the distance from the center is within 10% of the length of the accessory radiator 110), and the connector body can be connected to the grounded metal layer to achieve connection between the RF connector 120 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0248] The third end 2611 of the antenna radiator 200 can be a feeding end, the fourth end 2621 of the antenna radiator 200 can be an open end, and the center of the antenna radiator 200 or a position close to the center can be grounded so that the current direction on both sides of the antenna radiation center is the same.

[0249] As shown in Figures 30 and 31, the difference from the implementation shown in Figures 11a and 11b is that the accessory radiator 110 is a slot antenna (Slot), and the accessory radiator 110 includes a first accessory radiator 111 and a second accessory radiator 112 arranged at intervals along the first direction. The first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112 can be connected to the first floor and form a slot with a gap.

[0250] An end of the first accessory radiator 111 away from the second accessory radiator 112 is a first end 1111, and an end of the second accessory radiator 112 away from the first accessory radiator 111 is a second end 1121. Both the first end 1111 and the second end 1121 are grounded. For example, both the first end 1111 and the second end 1121 may be coupled to a first ground plane to achieve grounding of the first end 1111 and the second end 1121.

[0251] In an embodiment where the housing 30 includes a casing 310 and an accessory, the first floor panel, the first accessory radiator 111, and the second accessory radiator 112 can all be disposed on the first side panel 313. The first floor panel, the first accessory radiator 111, and the second accessory radiator 112 can be located in the same plane and can be an integral structure to simplify accessory manufacturing. Of course, the first floor panel can also be disposed at other locations within the casing 310, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0252] In the above implementation, a first gap 113 is formed between the first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112, an end of the first accessory radiator 111 away from the first end 1111 is the fifth end 1112, an end of the second accessory radiator 112 away from the second end 1121 is the sixth end 1122, and a first gap 113 is formed between the fifth end 1112 and the sixth end 1122.

[0253] Correspondingly, the inner conductor of the RF connector 120 shown in Figure 2 can be connected to the fifth end 1112, and the connector body of the RF connector 120 can be connected to the sixth end 1122; or, the inner conductor of the RF connector 120 is connected to the sixth end 1122, and the connector body of the RF connector 120 is connected to the fifth end 1112, so as to realize the connection between the RF connector 120 and the accessory radiator.

[0254] Antenna radiator 200 can also be a slot antenna. Antenna radiator 200 includes a first antenna radiator 261 and a second antenna radiator 262 spaced apart along a first direction. The end of first antenna radiator 261, distal from second antenna radiator 262, is a third end 2611. The end of second antenna radiator 262, distal from first antenna radiator 261, is a fourth end 2621. Both third end 2611 and fourth end 2621 are grounded. A second base plate is provided on frame 231 or PCB. First antenna radiator 261 and second antenna radiator 262 can be coupled to a second base plate to form a slot with a gap. Third end 2611 and fourth end 2621 can be connected to the second base plate for grounding.

[0255] In the above implementation, a second gap 263 is formed between the first antenna radiator 261 and the second antenna radiator 262, the end of the first antenna radiator 261 away from the third end 2611 is the ninth end 2612, the end of the second antenna radiator 262 away from the fourth end 2621 is the tenth end 2622, and a second gap 263 is formed between the ninth end 2612 and the tenth end 2622.

[0256] The first slit 113 and the second slit 263 are arranged at intervals along the first direction, that is, the first slit 113 and the second slit 263 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the accessory radiator 110 .

[0257] In the above implementation, the minimum distance between the first slot 113 and the third end 2611 is smaller than the minimum distance between the second slot 263 and the third end 2611, so that the first slot 113 and the second slot 263 are spaced apart along the first direction, and the first slot 113 is closer to the third end 2611. In an implementation in which the projection of the first end 1111 within the predetermined plane is outside the antenna radiator 200, the minimum distance between the first slot 113 and the third end 2611 is smaller than the minimum distance between the second slot 263 and the third end 2611. This allows the lengths of the first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112 to be approximately equal, thereby preventing the first accessory radiator 111 and the second accessory radiator 112 from being too long or too short.

[0258] Referring to Figures 32 and 33 , the difference from the implementation shown in Figures 11a and 11b is that accessory radiator 110 is a slot antenna. First end 1111 and second end 1121 of accessory radiator 110 are both grounded. Accessory radiator 110 can be coupled to the first floor panel to form a closed slot. For example, first end 1111 and second end 1121 can both be coupled to the first floor panel to achieve grounding.

[0259] In the embodiment shown in FIG2 , where the housing 30 includes a shell 310 and an accessory 10, the first floor panel, the first accessory radiator 111, and the second accessory radiator 112 can all be disposed on the first side panel 313. The first floor panel, the first accessory radiator 111, and the second accessory radiator 112 can be located in the same plane and can be an integral structure to simplify accessory manufacturing. Of course, the first floor panel can also be disposed at other locations within the housing 310, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0260] The antenna radiator 200 can also be a slot antenna, and the third end 2611 and the fourth end 2621 of the antenna radiator 200 are both grounded. As shown in FIG3 , a second floor is provided on the frame 231 or PCB, and the antenna radiator 200 can be coupled to the second floor to form a closed slot. The third end 2611 and the fourth end 2621 can be coupled to the second floor to achieve grounding. It is understood that the inner conductor of the RF connector 120 shown in FIG2 can be connected to the accessory radiator 110 between the center and the first end 1111, or the inner conductor can be connected to the accessory radiator 110 between the center and the second end 1121. The connector body can be connected to the first floor to achieve a connection between the RF connector 120 and the accessory radiator 110.

[0261] The antenna modes related to the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to Figures 34a to 37c. Figures 34a and 34b illustrate the structure of an antenna's common-mode mode and the corresponding current and electric field distributions. Figures 35a and 35b illustrate the structure of an antenna's differential-mode mode and the corresponding current and electric field distributions. The antenna radiator in Figures 34a and 35a has open ends at both ends, and its common-mode mode and differential-mode mode can be referred to as a line common-mode mode and a line differential-mode mode, respectively. Figures 36a and 36b illustrate the structure of an antenna's common-mode mode and the corresponding current, electric field, and magnetic flux distributions. Figures 37a and 37b illustrate the structure of an antenna's differential-mode mode and the corresponding current, electric field, and magnetic flux distributions. The antenna radiator in Figures 36a and 37a is grounded at both ends, for example, by coupling to the floor for grounding. Its common-mode mode and differential-mode mode can be referred to as a slot common-mode mode and a slot differential-mode mode, respectively.

[0262] It should be understood that the "common mode" or "CM mode" in the embodiments of the present application includes a line common mode mode and a slot common mode mode, while the "differential mode mode" or "DM mode" in the embodiments of the present application includes a line differential mode mode and a slot differential mode mode, which can be specifically determined according to the structure of the antenna.

[0263] 1. Wire common mode (CM) mode

[0264] Figure 34a shows that the radiator 40 of the antenna is open at both ends and is connected to a feeding circuit (not shown) at a middle position 41. In one embodiment, the feeding form of the radiator 40 adopts a symmetrical feed. The feeding circuit can be connected to the middle position 41 of the radiator 40 through a feeding line 42. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding circuit being connected to the radiator and the other end being coupled to the ground to achieve grounding, wherein the connection point (feeding point) between the feeding circuit and the radiator 40 is located at the center of the radiator, wherein the center of the radiator can be, for example, the midpoint of the geometric structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or an area within a certain range near the above midpoint).

[0265] The middle position 41 of the radiator 40 can be, for example, the geometric center of the radiator or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator. In one embodiment, the feed line 42 is connected to the radiator 40 via a connector such as a spring, and the connection between the connector and the radiator 40 covers the middle position 41.

[0266] Figure 34b shows the current and electric field distribution of the antenna 40. As shown in Figure 34b, the current is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 41, for example, symmetrically; the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 41. As shown in Figure 34b, the current at the feed line 42 is distributed in the same direction. Based on the same direction distribution of the current at the feed line 42, the feeding shown in Figure 34b can be called line CM feeding. Based on the opposite distribution of the current on both sides of the radiator, the antenna mode shown in Figure 34b can be called a line CM mode (it can also be simply called a CM mode. For example, for a wire antenna, the CM mode refers to the line CM mode). The current and electric field shown in Figure 34b can be respectively called the current and electric field of the line CM mode.

[0267] The current is stronger at center 41 of radiator 40 (the highest current point is near center 41 of radiator 40) and weaker at both ends of radiator 40, as shown in FIG34b. The electric field is weaker at center 41 of radiator 40 and stronger at both ends of antenna 40.

[0268] In the embodiment of the present application, for a radiator with open ends, the current on the radiator is distributed inversely, and the current amplitude is large in the middle and small at both ends of the radiator, then the antenna mode corresponds to the line common mode.

[0269] Figure 34c is a current curve for accessory radiator 110 in Figure 28 . The distance between the curve and accessory radiator 110 and the current amplitude are positively correlated. Figure 34c shows that first end 1111 and second end 1121 of accessory radiator 110 are open ends, resulting in inverse current distribution within accessory radiator 110. The current amplitude is higher in the center and lower at the ends, indicating that the antenna mode of accessory radiator 110 corresponds to a line common mode. Similarly, the antenna mode of antenna radiator 200 also corresponds to a line common mode.

[0270] 2. Line differential mode (DM) mode

[0271] As shown in Figure 35a, the left and right ends of radiator 50 are open, and a feed circuit is connected at a center position 51. In one embodiment, radiator 50 is fed using an anti-symmetrical feed. One end of the feed circuit is connected to a portion of radiator 50 via a feed line 52, and the other end of the feed circuit is connected to another portion of radiator 50 via a feed line 52. Center position 51 may include the geometric center of radiator 50.

[0272] It should be understood that the "center-antisymmetric feeding" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feed unit being connected to two connection points near the aforementioned midpoint of the radiator. In one embodiment, the signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, a phase difference of 180°±10°.

[0273] Figure 35b shows the current and electric field distribution of radiator 50. As shown in Figure 35b, the current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the center position 51 of the radiator 50, for example, it is antisymmetrically distributed; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the center position 51. As shown in Figure 35b, the current at the feed line 52 is distributed in opposite directions. Based on the opposite current distribution at the feed line 52, the feeding shown in Figure 35a can be referred to as line DM feeding. Based on the current being distributed in the same direction on both sides of the radiator, the antenna mode shown in Figure 35b can be referred to as a line DM mode (or simply a DM mode, for example, for a linear antenna, the DM mode refers to a line DM mode). The current and electric field shown in Figure 35b can be referred to as the current and electric field of the line DM mode, respectively.

[0274] The current is stronger at the center 51 of the antenna 50 (the current is strongest near the center 51 of the antenna 50) and weaker at both ends of the antenna 50, as shown in Figure 35b. The electric field is weaker at the center 51 of the antenna 50 and stronger at both ends of the antenna 50.

[0275] In the embodiment of the present application, for a radiator with open ends, the current on the radiator is distributed in the same direction, and the current amplitude is large in the middle and small at both ends of the radiator, then the antenna mode corresponds to a linear differential mode mode.

[0276] Figure 35c is a current curve for accessory radiator 110 in Figures 11a and 21. The distance between the curve and accessory radiator 110 and the current amplitude are positively correlated. Figure 35c shows that one end 1111 and the second end 1121 of accessory radiator 110 are open ends. The current on accessory radiator 110 is distributed in the same direction, with the current amplitude being larger in the middle and smaller at the ends. Therefore, the antenna mode of accessory radiator 110 corresponds to a linear differential mode. Similarly, the antenna mode of antenna radiator 200 also corresponds to a linear differential mode.

[0277] 3. Slot CM mode

[0278] Figure 36a shows an antenna with a hollowed-out slot or gap 61 in its radiator. Alternatively, it can be considered that the radiator 60 and the floor (e.g., the ground layer of a PCB) enclose this slot or groove 61. In one embodiment, slot 61 can be formed by cutting a groove in the floor. In another embodiment, slot 61 can be formed by coupling the ends of radiator 60 to the floor. An opening 62 is provided on one side of slot 61, which can be located in the middle of that side. The middle of that side of slot 61 can be, for example, the geometric midpoint of radiator 60 or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the area of ​​opening 62 on the radiator covers the middle of that side. A feed circuit can be connected to opening 62, employing antisymmetric feeding. It should be understood that antisymmetric feeding means that the positive and negative poles of the feed circuit are connected to the two ends of the radiator, respectively. The signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed circuit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, a phase difference of 180°±10°.

[0279] Figure 36b shows the distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current on radiator 60 (which may also include the floor). As shown in Figure 36a, the current on the conductor surrounding slot 61 (such as the floor and / or radiator 60) is distributed in the same direction around slot 61. The electric field is distributed in opposite directions on either side of the slot opening 61, and the magnetic current is distributed in opposite directions on either side of the center of slot 61. As shown in Figure 36b, the electric field at opening 62 (e.g., the feed point) is in the same direction, and the magnetic current at opening 62 (e.g., the feed point) is in the same direction. Based on the same direction of the magnetic current at opening 62 (the feed point), the feeding shown in Figure 36a can be referred to as slot CM feeding. Based on the same direction of current on the radiator on either side of opening 62 (e.g., antisymmetric distribution), or based on the same direction of current on the conductor surrounding slot 61 around slot 61, the antenna pattern shown in Figure 36b can be referred to as a slot CM pattern (or simply CM pattern, for example, in the case of a slot antenna, the CM pattern refers to the slot CM pattern). The electric field, current, and magnetic flow distributions shown in FIG36 b can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic flow of the slot CM mode.

[0280] The magnetic field is weak in the middle of the radiator 60 and strong at both ends of the radiator 60. The electric field is strong in the middle of the radiator 60 (the highest point of the electric field is near the middle of the radiator 60) and weak at both ends of the radiator 60, as shown in Figure 36b.

[0281] In an embodiment of the present application, for a radiator with grounded ends and an opening in the middle, the current on it is distributed in the same direction on the radiator on both sides of the opening, and the current amplitude on the radiator is large at the two ends and small near the opening, then the antenna mode corresponds to the slot common mode.

[0282] Figure 36c is a current curve for accessory radiator 110 in Figures 30 and 31 . The distance between the curve and accessory radiator 110 and the current amplitude are positively correlated. Figure 36c shows that accessory radiator 110 has grounded first and second ends 1111 and 1121, with an open center. Current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the opening, and the current amplitude is larger at the ends and smaller near the opening. Therefore, the antenna mode of accessory radiator 110 corresponds to a slot common mode. Similarly, the antenna mode of antenna radiator 200 also corresponds to a slot common mode.

[0283] 4. Slot DM mode

[0284] As shown in Figure 37a, the antenna's radiator has a hollowed-out slot 72 or gap, or it can be considered that the antenna's radiator 70 and the floor (e.g., the ground layer of a PCB) enclose this slot or slot 72. In one embodiment, slot 72 can be formed by cutting a groove in the floor. In another embodiment, slot 72 can be formed by coupling both ends of radiator 70 to the floor. A feed circuit is connected at the center 71 of slot 72, employing symmetrical feeding. Symmetrical feeding can be understood as a feed circuit with one end connected to the radiator and the other end coupled to the floor for grounding. The connection point between the feed circuit and the radiator (feeding point) is located at the center of the radiator. The radiator center can be, for example, the geometric midpoint or the midpoint of the electrical length (or an area within a certain range near the midpoint). The center of one side of slot 72 is connected to the positive terminal of the feed circuit, and the center of the other side of slot 72 is connected to the negative terminal of the feed circuit. The middle position of the side of the slot 72 can be, for example, the middle position of the radiator 70, and / or the middle position of the floor, such as the geometric midpoint of the radiator 70, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the connection between the feed circuit and the radiator covering the middle position 71 of the side.

[0285] Figure 37b shows the distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic flux on radiator 70 (which may also include the floor). As shown in Figure 37b, on the conductor surrounding slot 72 (such as the floor and / or radiator 70), the current is distributed around slot 72 and in opposite directions on either side of the center of slot 72. The electric field is distributed in the same direction on either side of center 71, and the magnetic flux is distributed in the same direction on either side of center 71. The magnetic flux at the feed circuit is distributed in opposite directions (not shown). Due to the opposite distribution of magnetic flux at the feed circuit, the feeding shown in Figure 37a can be referred to as slot DM feeding. Due to the opposite current distribution (e.g., symmetrical distribution) on either side of radiator 70, or the opposite current distribution (e.g., symmetrical distribution) around slot 71, the antenna pattern shown in Figure 37b can be referred to as a slot DM pattern (or simply DM pattern, for example, in the case of a slot antenna, the DM pattern refers to the slot DM pattern). The electric field, current, and magnetic flux distributions shown in Figure 37b can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic flux of the slot DM pattern.

[0286] The current is weak in the middle of the radiator 70 and strong at both ends of the radiator 70. The electric field is strong in the middle of the radiator 70 (the highest point of the electric field is near the middle of the radiator 60) and weak at both ends of the radiator 70, as shown in Figure 37b.

[0287] In the embodiment of the present application, for a radiator with both ends grounded, the current on the radiator is distributed inversely on the radiator, and the current amplitude is large at both ends and small in the middle of the radiator, then the antenna mode corresponds to a slot differential mode mode.

[0288] Figure 37c is a current curve for accessory radiator 110 in Figures 32 and 33 . The distance between the curve and accessory radiator 110 and the current amplitude are positively correlated. Figure 37c shows that first end 1111 and second end 1121 of accessory radiator 110 are grounded, and the current therethrough exhibits an inverse distribution on the radiator, with the current amplitude being larger at the ends and smaller in the center. Therefore, the antenna mode of accessory radiator 110 corresponds to a slot differential mode. Similarly, the antenna mode of antenna radiator 200 also corresponds to a slot differential mode.

[0289] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An accessory for an electronic device, characterized in that: The accessories include: an accessory radiator configured to be spaced apart from an antenna radiator of the electronic device and to couple a signal from the antenna radiator; A radio frequency connector is coupled to the accessory radiator and is configured to be connected to an external antenna.

2. The accessory according to claim 1, characterized in that The length of the accessory radiator is 1 / 2±1 / 8 of the medium working wavelength, wherein the medium working wavelength corresponds to the working frequency of the antenna radiator of the electronic device.

3. The accessory according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The accessory further includes a dielectric plate, the accessory radiator is stacked on the dielectric plate, and the dielectric plate is configured to be disposed between the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator.

4. The accessory according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The length of the accessory radiator is greater than the length of the antenna radiator.

5. The accessory according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: When the accessory is in use, the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator both extend along a first direction, the accessory radiator includes a first end and a second end, the antenna radiator includes a third end and a fourth end, the first end is close to the third end relative to the second end; the first end and the third end are spaced apart along the first direction.

6. The accessory according to claim 5, characterized in that The second end and the fourth end are arranged to be spaced apart along the first direction.

7. The accessory according to claim 6, characterized in that In a preset plane parallel to the first direction, a projection of the second end on the preset plane falls on a projection of the antenna radiator on the preset plane.

8. The accessory according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: In a preset plane parallel to the first direction, a projection of the first end is located outside a projection of the antenna radiator.

9. The accessory according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: The first end and the second end are both open ends.

10. The accessory according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: In a preset plane parallel to the first direction, the projection of the first end is located within the projection of the antenna radiator.

11. The accessory according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that: A minimum distance between the first end and the third end along the first direction is greater than 3 mm.

12. The accessory according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The accessory radiator includes a first accessory radiator and a second accessory radiator spaced apart along a first direction, and an end of the first accessory radiator close to the second accessory radiator and an end of the second accessory radiator close to the first accessory radiator are coupled to the RF connector.

13. A housing, characterized in that: It comprises a shell and the accessory according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the accessory is arranged on the shell, the shell is configured to accommodate an electronic device, and wherein the accessory radiator is arranged inside the shell.

14. The housing according to claim 13, characterized in that The shell includes a back plate and a side plate surrounding the back plate, the side plate is vertically arranged to the back plate, and the side plate and the back plate form a receiving cavity for receiving the electronic device; the back plate is rectangular, and the side plate includes a first side plate and a second side plate, the first side plate and the second side plate correspond to the sides adjacent to the back plate, and the accessory radiator is arranged on the first side plate.

15. The housing according to claim 14, characterized in that Along the length direction of the first side plate, the accessory radiator is offset relative to the center of the first side plate.

16. The housing according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that: The distance between the accessory radiator and the inner wall of the shell is 1mm-3mm.

17. A communication device, characterized in that: The invention comprises an electronic device and a housing as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the housing is used to accommodate the electronic device.

18. A communication device, characterized in that: It comprises an electronic device and the accessory according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the accessory is used to be arranged close to an antenna radiator of the electronic device.

19. The communication device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises a frame, a first insulating break and a second insulating break are arranged on the frame, and the antenna radiator comprises at least a portion of the conductive frame between the first insulating break and the second insulating break; The projection of the accessory radiator on the frame covers the first insulating gap, and the projection of the accessory radiator on the frame is spaced from the second insulating gap.

20. The communication device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that: The antenna radiator comprises a main radiator and a parasitic radiator arranged along a first direction, the main radiator comprises a third end and a fourth end, the parasitic radiator is located on a side of the third end away from the fourth end, and the main radiator is used to couple a signal to the parasitic radiator; The accessory radiator includes a first end and a second end. In a preset plane parallel to the first direction, a projection of the first end is located within a projection of the parasitic radiator.

21. The communication device according to claim 20, characterized in that The parasitic radiator and the main radiator are arranged to be spaced apart along the first direction.

22. The communication device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that: The distance between the accessory radiator and the antenna radiator is 1mm-3mm.

23. The communication device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that: The antenna radiator is used to generate a first resonance, and the first resonance covers a satellite transmission frequency band or a satellite reception frequency band.

24. The communication device according to claim 23, characterized in that The length of the accessory radiator may be 35 mm-55 mm.

25. A communication system, characterized in that: It comprises the communication device as described in any one of claims 17-24 and an external antenna, wherein the external antenna is connected to the radio frequency connector, and the external antenna is used to generate a second resonance, and the second resonance covers the satellite transmission frequency band or the satellite reception frequency band.

26. The communication system according to claim 25, characterized in that The satellite transmission frequency band includes a 2 GHz frequency, and the satellite reception frequency band includes a 2.2 GHz frequency.

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