Building composed of at least two modules located on top of each other, as well as method for manufacturing the building

Abstract

A building 1 has a number of modules 3 and 5 being on top of each other, and being connected to each other by means of a connecting element 43. Each module has a number of columns 15, 17 in which there are four vertical rebars 23, 25 which are extended with threaded ends 51. In the side walls 45, 47 of the connecting element 43 there are holes 53 through which the threaded ends 51 protrude. These threaded ends are attached to the connecting element by means of nuts 55. By breaking away the part of the outer wall 33 of the column 17 at the location of the connecting element 43, when dismantling the building 1, there is free access to the space 44 inside the connecting element 43. It is then easy to loosen the connection with the rebars 23, after which the upper module 3 can be lifted from the lower module 5.

Description

[0001] Building composed of at least two modules located on top of each other, as well as method for manufacturing the building

[0002] DESCRIPTION:

[0003] Technical field of the invention

[0004] The invention relates to a building composed of at least two modules positioned on top of each other, each of which is provided with a concrete load-bearing structure provided with reinforcement, which building further comprises a connecting structure for connecting both modules to each other, which connecting structure has a connecting element that is present in a recess in a side of the load-bearing structure of one of the modules adjacent to the other module, which connecting element is provided with at least one hole and an adjoining space, wherein the reinforcement in the loadbearing construction of the other module comprises an elongated reinforcement element that with a part protruding from this module sticks through the hole into the space in the connecting element, and wherein the connecting structure comprises a threaded fastening element with which the part of the reinforcement element protruding from the module and the connecting element are attached to each other.

[0005] The modules can be manufactured elsewhere in advance so that the building can be quickly assembled on the construction site. The connecting structure serves to create a sturdy connection between the modules to provide sufficient strength to the building.

[0006] Background of the invention

[0007] A building composed of separate modules according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from CN111255260A. In the known building, this space and usually also the immediately surrounding space is filled with concrete to inseparably attach all parts (the protruding part of the reinforcement element, the connecting element, the fastening element and the load-bearing parts of the two modules) to each other. Over time, a building often acquires a new user and / or a different purpose, which requires major structural adjustments. The building is then often demolished or stripped, leaving only the load-bearing structure intact.

[0008] Summary of the invention

[0009] An object of the invention is to provide a building of the type described in the introduction that can easily be given a different purpose. To this end, the building according to the invention is characterized in that the said space in the connecting element is empty or is filled with a material that does not adhere to the connecting element and is removable. “Empty” means: not filled with concrete or another material that adheres to the connecting element. A “material that does not adhere to the connecting element and is removable” means a softly deformable material or a granular material that is applied to the space as for example heat and / or sound insulation. Naturally, the end of the reinforcement element protruding into this space and possibly the fastening element are located in this space. By providing access to this empty space, the fastening element can be loosened, after which the upper module can be removed from the lower module. By ensuring that the connecting structure remains accessible, the modules can easily be separated from each other without damaging them, so that the modules are then fully reusable. The building can therefore be completely or partially dismantled and it is not necessary to demolish all or part of the building. The reinforcement may also comprise more than one reinforcement element, each of which projects with one end downwards or upwards.

[0010] To couple the reinforcement element and the connecting element together, it is advantageous if the reinforcement element protrudes from the loadbearing structure, but this is difficult to realize from a production point of view. It is therefore preferable to extend at least one of the reinforcement elements at the end with an extension piece after manufacturing a module.

[0011] An embodiment of the building according to the invention is characterized in that the fastening element is present in the space and the connecting element is provided with an access opening through which the fastening element is accessible, which access opening is closed by a cover or a wall part that can be removed relatively easily. The wall part that is relatively easy to remove can, for example, be made of a less strong concrete than the concrete of the load-bearing structure of the module or can be made of another less strong material, for example plaster. The removable wall part can also be made of the same concrete as that of the load-bearing structure of the module, but be separate from the rest of the wall or connected to the rest of the wall via an easy-to-break connection.

[0012] An embodiment of the building according to the invention in which a sturdy and easily demountable connection is obtained is characterized in that the connecting element is formed by a vertical tube with at least one hole in its wall provided with internal screw thread, and that the fastening element is formed by a bolt that is screwed into the hole and against the reinforcement element in such a way that the reinforcement element is clamped against the inside of the vertical tube.

[0013] The reinforcing element is preferably formed by a rebar and the connecting element is preferably formed by a vertical tube and a horizontal pipe piece attached to the vertical tube at the location of the hole in which the bolt is present. The internal screw thread can be present in the wall of the pipe and / or in the pipe piece.

[0014] Another embodiment of the building according to the invention, in which a sturdy and easily demountable connection is obtained, is characterized in that the connecting element comprises two horizontal plates attached to each other via at least one bridge element, each horizontal plate is provided with more than one hole and that externally threaded parts of rebars protruding from the top of the lower module and from the bottom of the upper module pass through the holes in the connecting element (43), wherein the connecting structure further comprises more than one further fastening element, which fastening elements are formed by nuts screwed on the threaded parts of the rebars.

[0015] The connecting element is preferably box- shaped, wherein the top and bottom form the horizontal plates and the side walls form bridge elements, and where in at least one of the side walls the access opening is present or where one of the side walls is missing and this entire side of the connecting element forms the access opening. Because of this the place where the modules are connected to each other is easily accessible and the connecting structure can be easily detached later if the building is dismantled. Due to the box shape, the space where the threaded rods and nuts are located is well shielded from the environment, so that the chance of unwanted concrete ending up in this space during the manufacture of the module is small. Preferably in this last embodiment the rebars are extended with threaded extensions that protrude through the holes in the connecting element. The extension can be made of a higher quality material than that of the rebars so that a sturdy connection is obtained.

[0016] The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a building comprising at least two modules present on top of each other and connected to each other via a connecting structure, each of which is provided with a concrete load-bearing structure, comprising a column and is provided with reinforcement, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0017] 3D concrete printing of the wall of the column of one of the modules, in such a way that at the location where a connecting element of the connecting structure is to be installed, a recess is present in the wall so that free access to the connecting element to be installed is possible, arranging the connecting element that is part of the connecting structure in the column at the location of the recess in the wall of the column, sticking a part of an elongated reinforcement element of the reinforcement of the other module protruding from the load-bearing structure, via a hole present in the connecting element, into an empty space present in the connecting element, attaching the part of the reinforcement element protruding from the other module and the connecting element to each other using a fastening element that forms part of the connecting structure, and closing the recess present in the wall of the column by a cover or a wall part that can be removed relatively easily.

[0018] An embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that after arranging the connecting element in the column, the column is poured full of concrete, ensuring that a space adjacent the connecting element remains free of concrete, so that free access to the fastening element is maintained.

[0019] Brief description of the drawings

[0020] The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments of the building according to the invention shown in the drawings, wherein: Figure 1 shows a detail of a first embodiment of the building according to the invention at the location of the connecting structure between two modules in vertical section;

[0021] Figure 2 shows the detail of the building shown in figure 1 in horizontal section at the location of the connecting structure;

[0022] Figure 3 shows the detail of the building shown in figure 1 in horizontal section at the location of a column;

[0023] Figure 4 shows the connecting structure of the detail of the building shown in Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 5 shows a detail of a second embodiment of a building according to the invention at the location of the connecting structure between two modules before the modules are connected together in vertical section;

[0025] Figure 6 shows the detail shown in figure 5 in which the models are connected together in vertical section; and

[0026] Figure 7 shows the detail shown in figure 5, in which only the reinforcement and the connecting structure are shown in perspective.

[0027] Detailed description of the drawings

[0028] Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a detail of a first embodiment of the building 1 according to the invention at the location of the connection between two superimposed modules 3 and 5, in vertical and two different horizontal cross-sections along the lines indicated by respectively A- A and B-B in figure 1. Each module has a load-bearing structure 7, 9 consisting of a floor plate 11 and a number of columns 15 and 17 attached to it. The columns contain reinforcements 19 and 21. The reinforcements 19 and 21 in the columns each have four elongated vertical reinforcement elements formed by rebars 23 and 25, as well as a number of bars 27 wound around them. The rebars 23 and 25 are shown in figure 1 with broken lines.

[0029] The building 1 further has 3D printed walls 29 that form outer walls, 3D printed walls 31 that form inner walls and 3D printed walls 33 that form part of the outer walls of the columns. The space between the walls 29 of the outer walls is filled with insulating material 35 and the space between the wall 33 and the parts of the walls 29 and 31 that form the outer walls of the columns is filled with concrete 37. There is a recess 36 in the wall 33 of the column 17 of the lower module 5 that is adjacent to the top of the module 5. During 3D printing of the wall 33 of the column 17, it is ensured that where the recess 36 should be in wall 33 no printing takes place. A connecting structure 41 is present in this recess 36. This connecting structure 41 has a connecting element 43 in the form of a rectangular box provided with a top 47, a bottom 45 and side walls 49. The connecting element 43 is open on one side. This open side forms an access opening 50 to the open space 44 in the connecting element 43. The bottom side 45 of the connecting element 43 rests on the lower column 17 and the top side 47 carries the upper column 15. The rebars 23 and 25 are extended with threaded ends 51 that are welded to the rebars or clamped to the rebars via a clamping sleeve. There are holes 53 in the bottom and top sides 45 and 47 of the connecting element 43 at the location of the rebars 23 and 25 of the columns 3 and 5. The threaded ends 51 protrude through these holes 53 into the space in the connecting element 43 and are attached to the connecting element by means of nuts 55.

[0030] By removing part of the outer wall 33 of the column 17 at the location of the connecting element 43 when dismantling the building 1, free access to the space 44 within the connecting element 43 is obtained. It is then easy to loosen the connection with the reinforcement bars 23 of the upper module 3 by loosening the nuts 55. The upper module 3 can then be lifted from the lower module 5.

[0031] In Figure 4, the connecting structure 41 is shown enlarged for clarity. The diameter of the holes 53 in the bottom and top sides 45 and 47 of the connecting element 43 is larger than that of the rebars 23 and 25 in order to compensate for tolerances in the positional accuracy of the rebars in the columns. The threaded ends 51 are attached to the rebars 23 and 25 via a clamping sleeve 57. The threaded ends 51 are secured to the connecting element 43 by means of the nuts 55.

[0032] Figures 5 and 6 show a detail of a second embodiment of a building according to the invention at the location of the connecting structure between two modules in vertical section before and after the modules have been coupled to each other. Also of this building 101, only parts of two modules 103 and 105 are shown at the location of the connection of these two modules to each other. The load-bearing structures 107 and 109 of these modules have, in addition to columns 115 and 117, one of which is partly shown, also a number of beams 113, one of which is also partly shown. The columns and beams are provided with reinforcement 119 and 121. In column 117 of the bottom module 105 a rebar 125 is present. The rebar 125 extends to the top of the column 117 and is extended at the upper end with a further rebar 126. In the column 115 of the upper module 103 there is a tube 143 that forms part of the connecting structure 141. In the tube 143 there is an empty space 144 into which the further rebar 126 extends. The tube 143 is closed at the upper end so that no concrete can enter the space 144. The lower end of the tube 143 adjoins the bottom of the column 115.

[0033] After the two modules 103 and 105 have been placed on top of each other, the further rebar 126 extends into the tube 143. The wall of the tube 143 is provided with holes near the top. Pipe pieces 149 provided with internal screw thread are attached to the tube at the location of these holes. By turning bolts 155 present in the pipe pieces 149 against the further rebar 126, it is secured against the inside of the wall of the pipe 143. At the location of the pipe pieces 149, a recess 136 is present in the 3D- printed outer wall 133 of the column 115 so that the bolts 155 in the pipe pieces 149 are accessible. During the 3D printing of the wall 133 of the column 115, it is ensured that no printing takes place where the recess 136 should be in the wall 133. Adjacent to the pipe pieces 149, there is an open access space 150 that provides access to the bolts 155. This access space 150 is closed by a cover 134. After arranging the connecting element 143 in the column 115, the column 115 is filled with concrete, whereby it is ensured that a space 150 adjacent to the connecting element 143 remains free of concrete, so that free access to the fastening element 155 is maintained.

[0034] Figure 7 shows the connection between the two modules again, but now for clarity, the concrete has been omitted so that only part of the reinforcement and the connecting structure 141 are visible. Two plates 156 and 157 are attached to the tube 143 to better anchor the tube. Rebars 159 are attached at right angles to the top plate 156, which also extend into the beams of the load-bearing structure of the module. The tube 143 has been extended upwards with an extra rebar 161 for even better anchoring in the column.

[0035] Although the invention has been explained in the foregoing with reference to the drawings, it must be noted that the invention is by no means limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings. The invention also extends to all embodiments deviating from the embodiments shown in the drawings within the framework defined by the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Building (1; 101) composed of at least two modules (3, 5; 103, 105) positioned on top of each other, each of which is provided with a concrete load-bearing structure (7, 9; 107, 109) provided with reinforcement (19 , 21; 119, 121), which building further comprises a connecting structure (41; 141) for connecting both modules (3, 5; 103, 105) to each other, which connecting structure (41; 141) has a connecting element (43; 143) that is present in a recess in a side of the load-bearing structure of one of the modules adjacent to the other module, which connecting element (43; 143) is provided with at least one hole (53; 153) and an adjoining space (44; 144), wherein the reinforcement (21; 121) in the load-bearing construction (9; 109) of the other module (5; 105) comprises an elongated reinforcement element (23; 125) that with a part protruding from this module (5; 105) sticks through the hole (53) into the space (44; 144) in the connecting element (43; 143), and wherein the connecting structure (41; 141) comprises a threaded fastening element (55; 155) with which the part of the reinforcement element (23; 125) protruding from the module (5; 105) and the connecting element (43; 143) are attached to each other, characterized in that said space (44; 144) in the connecting element (43; 143) is empty or filled with a material that does not adhere to the connecting element and is removable.

2. Building (1; 101) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening element (55; 155) is present in the space (44; 144) and the connecting element (43) is provided with an access opening (50) through which the fastening element (55) is accessible, which access opening (50) is closed by a cover or a wall part (34) that can be removed relatively easily.

3. Building (1; 101) according to claim 1, characterized in that adjacent to the connecting element (143) there is an open access space (150) to the fastening element (155), which access space (150) is closed by a cover ( 134) or a wall part that is relatively easy to remove.

4. Building (101) according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the connecting element (143) is formed by a vertical tube with at least one hole in its wall provided with internal screw thread, and that the fastening element (155) is formed by a bolt that is screwed into the hole and against the reinforcement element (125, 126) in such a way that the reinforcement element (125, 126) is clamped against the inside of the vertical tube.

5. Building (101) according to claim 4, characterized in that the reinforcement element (125) is formed by a rebar and the connecting element (143) is formed by a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe piece (149) attached to the vertical pipe at the location of the hole, in which pipe piece (149) the bolt is present.

6. Building (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting element (43) comprises two horizontal plates (45, 47) attached to each other via at least one bridge element (49), each horizontal plate is provided with more than one hole (53) and that externally threaded parts (51) of rebars (23, 25) protruding from the top of the lower module (5) and from the bottom of the upper module (3) pass through the holes (53) in the connecting element (43), wherein the connecting structure (41) further comprises more than one further fastening element (55), which fastening elements (55) are formed by nuts screwed on the threaded parts (51) of the rebars (23). , 25).

7. Building (101) according to claim 6, characterized in that the connecting element (43) is box-shaped, wherein the top and bottom form the horizontal plates (45, 47) and the side walls form bridge elements (49), and where in at least one of the side walls the access opening (50) is present or where one of the side walls is missing and this entire side of the connecting element forms the access opening (50).

8. Method for manufacturing a building comprising at least two modules present on top of each other and connected to each other via a connecting structure (41; 141), each of which is provided with a concrete load-bearing structure (7, 9; 107, 109), comprising a column (15, 17; 115, 117) and is provided with reinforcement (19, 21; 119, 121), characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:3D concrete printing of the wall (33, 133) of the column (17; 115) of one of the modules (5, 103), in such a way that at the location where a connecting element (43; 143) of the connecting structure (41; 141) is to be installed, a recess (36; 136) is present in the wall (33, 133) so that free access to the connecting element (43; 143) to be installed is possible, arranging the connecting element (43; 143) that is part of the connecting structure (41; 141) in the column (17; 115) at the location of the recess (36; 136) in the wall (33, 133) of the column (17; 115), sticking a part (51; 126) of an elongated reinforcement element (23; 125) of the reinforcement of the other module protruding from the load-bearing structure (7;109), via a hole (53; 153) present in the connecting element (43; 143), into an empty space (44; 144) present in the connecting element (43; 143), attaching the part of the reinforcement element (23; 125) protruding from the other module (5; 105) and the connecting element (43; 143) to each other using a fastening element ( 55; 155) that forms part of the connecting structure (41; 141), and closing the recess (36; 136) present in the wall (33, 133) of the column (17; 115) by a cover (134) or a wall part (34) that can be removed relatively easily.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that after arranging the connecting element (143) in the column (115), the column (115) is poured full of concrete, ensuring that a space (150) adjacent the connecting element (143) remains free of concrete, so that free access to the fastening element (155) is maintained.

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