Metasurface phase shifting module, antenna array, and phase modulation method for electromagnetic wave

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are a metasurface phase shifting module, an antenna array, and a phase modulation method for an electromagnetic wave. The metasurface phase shifting module comprises: a transmission metasurface and a bias unit, wherein the transmission metasurface is provided with an adjustable electronic element; the bias unit is connected to the adjustable electronic element and inputs a bias voltage into the adjustable electronic element; and the transmission metasurface performs phase regulation and control on a received electromagnetic wave by means of the adjustable electronic element and the bias voltage.

Description

Metasurface phase shift module, antenna array, and electromagnetic wave phase modulation method

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This disclosure is based on and claims the priority of Chinese patent application No. 202311156216.2 filed on September 7, 2023, and all the disclosed contents are incorporated into this disclosure by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a metasurface phase shifting module, an antenna array, and a phase modulation method for electromagnetic waves. Background Art

[0004] The electrical tilt function of a base station antenna relies on the design of a phase-shifting module. Currently widely used in cellular communication systems, these modules employ a "mechanical electrical tilt transmission" method to adjust the phase of each element. This method uses a drive structure to pull a transmission mechanism to slide or rotate a variable portion of the feed path, creating relative displacement with the fixed portion, thereby changing the electrical length from the main feed port to the antenna element feed port. The variable portion can be a coupling branch or a dielectric block.

[0005] Currently, the "mechanical electric transmission" solution widely used in base station antennas has the following shortcomings: First, there is relative sliding between the movable structure and the fixed structure, which causes dielectric wear, and the gear and pulley structures of the transmission mechanism are also subject to mechanical wear; second, the drive structure and cables supporting the phase shifter module take up space, and sufficient sliding space must be reserved, consuming some space; third, the movement of the movable part and the transmission mechanism requires time, resulting in a slow response of the phase shifter to downtilt angle adjustment; fourth, the accuracy of phase shifting achieved by changing the electrical length through the physical movement of the electromechanical structure is limited, and the flexibility and stability are not high; fifth, the antenna system with high electrical indicators requires a high-performance drive motor, and the requirements for dielectric materials increase the cost.

[0006] Therefore, the base station electrically adjustable antenna solution in the related art, which adjusts the phase of the electromagnetic wave through the physical movement of the mechanical structure, has defects such as low precision, low flexibility, and slow response.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a metasurface phase-shifting module, an antenna array, and a method for phase modulation of electromagnetic waves, so as to at least solve the problems in the related art of low precision, low flexibility, and slow response of base station electrically adjustable antenna solutions caused by adjusting the phase of electromagnetic waves through the physical movement of a mechanical structure.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a metasurface phase shifting module is provided, comprising: a transmissive metasurface and a bias unit, wherein an adjustable electronic component is provided on the transmissive metasurface; the bias unit is connected to the adjustable electronic component and inputs a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic component; wherein the transmissive metasurface performs phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic component and the bias voltage.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an antenna array is also provided, comprising: a feeding module, a main radiating array, and a metasurface phase shifting module, wherein the main radiating array is used to receive the radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the radio frequency power; the metasurface phase shifting module comprises: a transmissive metasurface and a bias unit connected to the transmissive metasurface, wherein the bias unit is used to input a bias voltage to an adjustable electronic component provided on the transmissive metasurface; and the transmissive metasurface is used to perform phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic component and the bias voltage.

[0011] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any one of the above method embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (I);

[0013] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metasurface phase shifting module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG3 is a structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (II);

[0015] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a main radiation array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG6 is a flow chart of a method for phase modulation of electromagnetic waves according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main radiation unit of a 3×1 / 6×1 / 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding module of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer structure of a metasurface unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a bias unit of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG12 is a vertical plane pattern of different scanning angles of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding module of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer structure of a metasurface unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a bias unit of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG17 is a vertical plane pattern of different scanning angles of a 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding module of a 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 20 is a vertical plane direction diagram of different scanning angles of a 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present disclosure, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present disclosure and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an antenna array is provided. FIG1 is a structural schematic diagram (I) of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG1 , the metasurface phase shifting module 10 of this embodiment includes: a transmissive metasurface 104 and a biasing unit 102 connected to the transmissive metasurface, wherein:

[0035] The transmission metasurface 104 is provided with an adjustable electronic element 106;

[0036] a bias unit 102 connected to the adjustable electronic component 106 and inputting a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic component 106;

[0037] The transmissive metasurface 104 performs phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic element 106 and the bias voltage.

[0038] Through the present disclosure, since the transmission metasurface in the embodiment of the present disclosure is loaded with an adjustable electronic component, the parameter value of the adjustable electronic component is changed by changing the bias voltage of the adjustable electronic component, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface, and then realizing the phase control of the received electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be flexibly, quickly and accurately controlled, which solves the problems in the related art of low accuracy, low flexibility and slow response of the base station electrically adjustable antenna solution caused by adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave through the physical movement of the mechanical structure.

[0039] It should be noted that the above-mentioned adjustable electronic components include but are not limited to: adjustable capacitors, varactor diodes, and PIN tubes; when the adjustable electronic component is an adjustable capacitor, the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor is changed by changing the voltage value of the bias voltage, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmissive metasurface; when the adjustable electronic component is a varactor diode, the capacitance value of the varactor diode is changed by changing the voltage value of the bias voltage, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmissive metasurface; when the adjustable electronic component is a PIN tube, the capacitance value of the PIN tube is changed by changing the voltage value of the bias voltage, thereby changing the transmission phase of the transmissive metasurface.

[0040] Exemplarily, the transmissive metasurface includes: a passive metasurface unit and an active metasurface unit, wherein the active metasurface unit is provided with an adjustable electronic component, and the transmission phase of the passive metasurface unit is a fixed transmission phase, so the passive metasurface unit is provided with a fixed electronic component or a centrally symmetrical first conductive structure of a specific size.

[0041] It should be noted that the number of the above-mentioned passive metasurface units can be one or more, and the passive metasurface units are provided with fixed electronic components or first conductive structures, wherein at least one passive metasurface unit in the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with fixed electronic components, or, at least one passive metasurface unit is provided with a centrally symmetrical first conductive structure, wherein the circumference of the centrally symmetrical first conductive structure is a preset fixed value.

[0042] For example, by adjusting the circumference of the first conductive structure, different operating frequency ranges and radiation phases of the antenna can be achieved. Therefore, a fixed radiation phase can be achieved by pre-setting the circumference of the conductive structure. The above-mentioned first conductive structure can be understood as a structure of a specific size.

[0043] The above-mentioned fixed electronic components include but are not limited to: fixed capacitors, fixed inductors, etc.

[0044] The aforementioned centrally symmetrical first conductive structure includes, but is not limited to, a circular metal ring, a square metal ring, a diamond metal ring, and the like.

[0045] For example, as shown in FIG2 , in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a bias voltage is provided to the active metasurface unit by the bias unit 102. For example, the DC bias voltage inputted by the bias unit to the first metasurface unit 311 is U1, and the phase shift (compensation phase) of the first metasurface unit 311 is φ1; the DC bias voltage inputted to the second metasurface unit 312 is U2, and the phase shift (compensation phase) of the second metasurface 312 unit is φ2; and so on, the DC bias voltage inputted to the Nth metasurface unit 313 is U1. N , the phase shift (compensation phase) of the Nth metasurface unit 313 is φ N .

[0046] It should be noted that, when the radiation phase on a certain metasurface unit is fixed during the electrical scanning process, the adjustable electronic components (for example, varactor diodes, PIN tubes, etc.) on the metasurface unit whose radiation phase is fixed during the electrical scanning process can be replaced with fixed capacitors, fixed inductors, etc., and there is no need to equip the metasurface unit whose radiation phase is fixed during the electrical scanning process with a bias structure. The above-mentioned metasurface unit is a passive metasurface unit.

[0047] Because the transmission phase of a metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor diode loaded on it, a curve plotting the transmission phase versus the capacitance of the varactor diode at the center frequency within the passband can be obtained through simulation or measurement. A point near the midpoint of the curve is randomly selected as a reference point, and the metasurface unit corresponding to the transmission phase at that point is used as the reference metasurface unit, i.e., the passive metasurface unit.

[0048] Exemplarily, the passive metasurface unit and the active metasurface unit both include: a multilayer dielectric plate, wherein two adjacent dielectric plates are separated by air; the multilayer dielectric plate of the active metasurface unit includes: a centrally symmetrical second conductive structure; wherein the second conductive structure is provided with the adjustable electronic component;

[0049] The multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit includes: a centrally symmetrical third conductive structure; wherein the centrally symmetrical third conductive structure is provided with the fixed electronic component; or, the multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit includes: the first conductive structure, and no fixed electronic component is provided on the first conductive structure.

[0050] It should be noted that the sizes of the second conductive structure and the third conductive structure are not limited, that is, the sizes of the second conductive structure and the third conductive structure are not preset fixed sizes.

[0051] Specifically, the centrally symmetrical second conductive structure includes: a first substructure and a second substructure, wherein the perimeter of the first substructure is greater than the perimeter of the second substructure, and the adjustable electronic component is provided on the second substructure;

[0052] The centrally symmetrical third conductive structure includes: a third substructure and a fourth substructure, wherein the perimeter of the third substructure is greater than the perimeter of the fourth substructure, and the fixed electronic component is arranged on the fourth substructure, or the first conductive structure includes: a fifth substructure and a sixth substructure, wherein the perimeter of the fifth substructure is greater than the perimeter of the sixth substructure.

[0053] It should be noted that the shape of the centrosymmetrical conductive structure may be circular, quadrilateral, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , the active metasurface unit includes two dielectric plates separated by air. A first sub-ring and a third sub-ring (equivalent to the second substructure in the above embodiment) are printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively. A second sub-ring and a fourth sub-ring (equivalent to the first substructure in the above embodiment) are printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate and the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively. Adjustable electronic components are loaded onto the first and third sub-rings, for a total of eight adjustable electronic components on the active metasurface unit.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 13, the active metasurface unit comprises three dielectric plates separated by air. A first sub-ring and a third sub-ring are printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively. A second sub-ring and a fourth sub-ring, both larger in size, are printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate and the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively. A fifth sub-ring and a sixth sub-ring are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle dielectric plate, respectively. The sixth sub-ring has a larger diameter than the fifth sub-ring. Adjustable electronic components are mounted on the first, third, and fifth sub-rings, for a total of 12 adjustable electronic components on the active metasurface unit.

[0056] It should be noted that the active metasurface unit in FIG7 and FIG13 is only an example, and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the dielectric plate level of the metasurface unit.

[0057] Exemplarily, the bias unit includes: a horizontal bias line, a vertical metal column connected to the horizontal bias line, a choke inductor connected to the horizontal bias line, and a fan-shaped branch connected to the vertical metal column.

[0058] It should be noted that the horizontal bias lines and vertical metal pillars are used to transmit electrical signals, and provide bias voltages for adjustable electronic components through the horizontal bias lines and vertical metal pillars.

[0059] The choke inductor and fan-shaped branch are used to limit the passage of high-frequency and low-frequency signals, providing filtering protection. This allows only the DC bias current to pass, while blocking high-frequency and low-frequency signals. This isolates the RF signal from the DC signal, preventing it from affecting the DC source.

[0060] As shown in Figure 11, the bias unit includes horizontal bias lines 3211 and 3212, vertical metal pillars 3221 and 3222, choke inductors 3231-3235, and quarter-wavelength sector-shaped branches 324. The bias unit is symmetrical and includes eight horizontal bias lines, eight metal pillars, 20 choke inductors, and two sector-shaped branches. 3251 and 3253 are the bias unit ground points, and 3252 and 3254 are the DC bias voltage input points.

[0061] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna array, as shown in Figure 3, which includes: a main radiating array, used to receive the radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the radio frequency power; a metasurface phase shifting module, including: a transmissive metasurface and a bias unit connected to the transmissive metasurface, wherein the bias unit is used to input a bias voltage to an adjustable electronic component provided on the transmissive metasurface; and the transmissive metasurface is used to phase-control the received electromagnetic waves through the adjustable electronic component and the bias voltage.

[0062] It should be noted that the feeding module in the embodiment of the present disclosure is used to receive the first RF power and output the second RF power with a phase gradient according to the first RF power; the main radiating array is used to receive the second RF power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the second RF power.

[0063] As shown in Figure 4, Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the feeding module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the feeding module 30 includes a first feeding sub-module 11 and a second feeding sub-module 12; wherein, the first feeding sub-module 11 is used to receive a first polarized RF power of a first polarized component; the second feeding sub-module 12 is used to receive a second polarized RF power of a second polarized component, and the first RF power includes a first polarized RF power and a second polarized RF power.

[0064] Among them, the first feeding submodule 11 includes: a first input port 111, a first power dividing phase shifting network 115 connected to the first input port, and multiple first output ports 112-114 connected to the first power dividing phase shifting network; the first input port is used to receive the first polarized RF power; the first power dividing phase shifting network is used to divide the first polarized RF power into multiple third RF powers, and distribute the multiple third RF powers to multiple first output ports, wherein the phase difference between each two adjacent third RF powers is the same.

[0065] The RF power corresponding to the first polarization component is input from 111, passes through the power divider and phase shifter network 115, and is distributed in a certain proportion to the first output port 112, the second output port 113, and so on, all the way to the plurality of output ports 114 of the feed submodule 11 (the same applies to the middle N-3 output ports). The phase difference between the first output port 112 and the second output port 113 is ΔΦ1, the phase difference between the second output port 113 and the third output port is ΔΦ1, and so on, until the phase difference between the N-1th output port and the Nth output port 114 is ΔΦ1.

[0066] The second feeding submodule 12 includes: a second input port 121, a second power dividing and phase shifting network 125 connected to the second input port, and multiple second output ports 122-124 connected to the second power dividing and phase shifting network; the second input port is used to receive the second polarized RF power; the second power dividing and phase shifting network is used to divide the second polarized RF power into multiple fourth RF powers and distribute the multiple fourth RF powers to multiple second output ports, wherein the phase difference of the fourth RF power distributed to two adjacent second output ports is the same.

[0067] The RF power corresponding to the second polarization component is input from the second input port 121, passes through the power divider and phase shifter network 125, and is distributed in a certain proportion to the first output port 122, the second output port 123, and so on, all the way to the Nth output port 124 of the feed sub-module 12. The phase difference between the first output port 122 and the second output port 123 is ΔΦ1, the phase difference between the second output port 123 and the third output port is ΔΦ1, and so on, until the phase difference between the N-1th output port and the Nth output port 124 is ΔΦ1.

[0068] It can be understood that the phase difference ΔΦ1 of each output port is calculated by the following formula:

[0069] Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band, d is the unit row spacing, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, and θmax and θmin are the maximum and minimum angles of the beam scanning, respectively.

[0070] Exemplarily, the main radiating array in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a base plate, a plurality of radiating units located on the base plate, the radiating units including: a radiator, a first feeding port connected to the radiator, and a second feeding port connected to the radiator; the first feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the first feeding sub-module, for receiving a third RF power corresponding to the first polarized RF power; the second feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the second feeding sub-module, for receiving a fourth RF power corresponding to the second polarized RF power; the radiator is coupled to the metasurface unit of the metasurface phase shifting module, for outputting electromagnetic waves of a preset angle.

[0071] For example, FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a main radiating array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG5 , in the main radiating array, 21 is the first main radiating element, 22 is the second main radiating element, 23 is the Nth main radiating element (N-3 main radiating elements are omitted in FIG5 ), and 24 is the base plate of the main radiating array 20. Each main radiating element includes three parts. For example, in the first main radiating element, 211 is the radiator of the first main radiating element 21, 212 is the first feed port of the first main radiating element 21 corresponding to the first polarization component, and 213 is the second feed port of the first main radiating element 21 corresponding to the second polarization component. In the second main radiating element, 221 is the radiator of the second main radiating element 22, 222 is the first feed port of the second main radiating element 22 corresponding to the first polarization component, and 223 is the second feed port of the second main radiating element 22 corresponding to the second polarization component. For example, in the Nth main radiating unit, 231 is the radiator of the Nth main radiating unit 23, 232 is the first feeding port of the Nth main radiating unit 23 corresponding to the first polarization component, and 233 is the second feeding port of the Nth main radiating unit 23 corresponding to the second polarization component.

[0072] The connection relationship between the feeding module 30 and the main radiating array 20 is as follows: in the first feeding sub-module 11, the first output port 112 is electrically connected to the first feeding port 212 of the first main radiating element 21; the second output port 113 is electrically connected to the first feeding port 222 of the second main radiating element 22; and so on, the Nth output port 114 is electrically connected to the first feeding port 232 of the Nth main radiating element 23. In the second feeding sub-module 12, the first output port 122 is electrically connected to the second feeding port 213 of the first main radiating element 21; the second output port 123 is electrically connected to the second feeding port 223 of the second main radiating element 22; and so on, the Nth output port 124 is electrically connected to the second feeding port 233 of the Nth main radiating element 23.

[0073] The connection relationship between the main radiation array 20 and the metasurface phase shift module 10 is: the first main radiation unit radiator 211 is coupled and connected to the first metasurface unit 311; the second main radiation unit radiator 221 is coupled and connected to the second metasurface unit 312; and so on, the Nth main radiation unit radiator 231 is coupled and connected to the first metasurface unit 313.

[0074] Through the embodiments of the present disclosure, a phase modulation method of an electromagnetic wave is also provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0075] FIG6 is a flow chart of a phase modulation method for electromagnetic waves according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method being applied to a transmissive metasurface in an antenna array, comprising:

[0076] S602, receiving a bias voltage input by a bias unit to an adjustable electronic component disposed on a transmissive metasurface, wherein the bias unit and the transmissive metasurface are disposed on a metasurface phase shifting module;

[0077] S604: Phase control of the received electromagnetic wave is performed using adjustable electronic components and bias voltage.

[0078] Exemplarily, before performing phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through adjustable electronic components and bias voltage, the method also includes: determining the scanning angle and reference compensation phase of the antenna array; determining the compensation phase of each metasurface unit of the antenna array based on the scanning angle and the reference compensation phase; determining the target parameter value of the adjustable electronic component corresponding to the compensation phase, and the target voltage value corresponding to the target parameter value.

[0079] Exemplarily, the phase of the received electromagnetic wave is controlled by an adjustable electronic component and a bias voltage, including: receiving a bias voltage of a target voltage value input by a bias unit to the adjustable electronic component, so that the parameter value of the adjustable electronic component is adjusted to the target parameter value; and controlling the phase of the electromagnetic wave by the adjusted adjustable electronic component, wherein the phase value of the controlled electromagnetic wave is the same as the phase value of the compensation phase.

[0080] For example, when the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phases of the first and second metasurface units are both The compensation phases of the third and fourth metasurface units are The compensation phases of the fifth and sixth metasurface units are Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the adjustable electronic component loaded on the unit, the transmission phase curve at the center frequency in the passband as a function of the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be obtained through simulation or actual measurement. A point near the midpoint of the curve is randomly selected as a reference point, and the transmission phase of this point is and The calculation formula is as follows:

[0081] In order to better understand the process of the above-mentioned antenna array and electromagnetic wave phase modulation method, the implementation process of the above-mentioned antenna array and electromagnetic wave phase modulation method is described below in combination with exemplary embodiments, but it is not used to limit the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0082] Related electronic tilt solutions include, for example, using digital phase shifters to adjust the phase of array elements, thereby adjusting the array's downtilt angle. However, the drawback is that the insertion loss of the phase shifters reduces antenna efficiency, leading to a decrease in gain. High-precision downtilt adjustment requires digital phase shifters with a higher bit count or the use of cascaded low-insertion-loss phase shifters, which inevitably increases costs.

[0083] For example, based on the principle of a planar Yagi antenna, beam deflection is achieved by means of the steering or reflection effect of the parasitic patches surrounding the driving patch, but the downtilt angle adjustment accuracy is low, which is not conducive to large-scale array integration. Another example is that by adding tunable devices (such as PIN tubes) or materials (such as liquid crystals, ferrites) to the main radiator or feed module, the current distribution can be changed to achieve beam reconfiguration, but the introduction of devices and materials in the main radiator and feed module leads to large array losses and low efficiency. Another example is the use of electrically controlled surfaces to achieve beam scanning, such as transmission array antennas, but the insertion loss of the electrically controlled surface is large and the bandwidth is narrow. The feed source needs to be kept at a sufficient distance from the surface, resulting in a profile that is too high.

[0084] In order to solve the problems of low accuracy, low flexibility, slow response and the like in the related art of base station electrically tilted antenna solutions, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna array.

[0085] This paper loads a transmissive metasurface onto a main radiating array composed of dual-polarized radiating units. The distance from the main radiating array to the transmissive metasurface is optimized based on the actual antenna form and performance requirements. For different antenna forms, the transmissive metasurface requires different height optimization designs, performing phase shift control while ensuring the radiation characteristics of the antenna units. In low-profile scenarios, where the overall height is limited, the periodic structure and interlayer spacing of the transmissive metasurface need to be optimized to ensure that the phase shift is sufficient to meet the beam scanning performance requirements.

[0086] Different from the transmission array antenna composed of a feed horn and a transmission metasurface, the distance from the main radiating array to the transmission metasurface breaks through the limitation of the focal ratio, and the aperture size of the array does not affect the distance from the main radiating array to the transmission metasurface.

[0087] The antenna's operating frequency should fall within the metasurface's passband, ensuring that each element on the metasurface is in a weakly resonant state, minimizing insertion loss. Compared to electrically tunable antennas whose phase-shifting modules utilize digital phase shifters, this approach improves antenna efficiency and gain.

[0088] Metasurfaces are artificial layered materials with a thickness significantly smaller than the wavelength. They can manipulate certain characteristics of electromagnetic waves impinging on them, such as frequency, polarization, and phase. A metasurface can be viewed as a lossy two-port network. Incident power is fed into the network from the input port, where a portion is reflected from the input port, a portion is dissipated in the network, and a remaining portion is transmitted out the output port. Depending on the distribution of these three power flows within the operating frequency band, metasurfaces are categorized as reflective, absorptive, and transmissive. Metasurfaces lack an RF source and therefore lack the ability to radiate electromagnetic waves. Therefore, they require a radiation source in conjunction with one. For example, a feed horn and a transmissive metasurface can form a planar transmission array, while a feed horn and a reflective metasurface can form a planar reflection array. Common metasurfaces have periodic or quasi-periodic structures. If the units comprising a metasurface have the same or similar electromagnetic response to electromagnetic waves from different directions, they are said to be polarization-insensitive, or "polarization-insensitive." Generally, the polarization-insensitive element is required to have the same or similar electromagnetic response to at least a set of polarizations in orthogonal directions, such as a cross-shaped element, a Y-shaped element, and various ring-shaped elements.

[0089] The metasurface is considered as a two-port network. The power of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radiation source and irradiated onto the metasurface is the input power P1 of the two-port network, and the power of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the other side is the output power P2 of the two-port network. When the reflected power is small, the insertion loss (IL) of the metasurface can be approximately measured by the S parameters of the two-port network:

[0090] Active metasurfaces are created by adding active tunable devices, such as PIN diodes and varactor diodes, to passive metasurfaces. The introduction of active devices further enhances the design freedom of metasurfaces, allowing the electromagnetic response of the metasurface to be adjusted to achieve richer functionality. Active devices require a corresponding bias circuit for proper operation. For example, a varactor diode is a voltage-controlled element; the greater the DC voltage applied across it, the smaller its capacitance. For active metasurfaces, the main sources of insertion loss include dielectric plate losses, active device losses, and conductor losses. To reduce dielectric plate losses, dielectric plates with low dielectric constants can be used. For metasurfaces operating in a non-resonant state, the current flowing through the metal patch and active device is low, resulting in minimal losses.

[0091] For transmissive metasurfaces, the frequency response of their transmission coefficient and transmission phase is of interest. The transmission coefficient is the ratio of the amplitude of the transmitted wave to the amplitude of the incident wave; the transmission phase is the difference between the phase of the transmitted wave and the phase of the incident wave. Therefore, the transmission phase can be regarded as the phase that the metasurface "compensates" for the incident electromagnetic wave. When the tunable devices on each unit of the transmissive metasurface are in different states, the frequency curves of the transmission phase of different units are also different. That is, for a certain frequency within the passband, the compensation phase of different units is different. Therefore, by reasonably setting the state of the tunable device, such as setting the value of different varactor diodes, the compensation phase of the transmissive metasurface can have a phase gradient.

[0092] Example 1: A 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface as shown in FIG7 :

[0093] S101: Determine the operating frequency band, downtilt adjustment range, element spacing, and polarization mode of the beam reconfigurable array antenna based on project requirements. This embodiment is a collinear subarray (N=3) for a dual-polarization base station electrically steerable antenna, with ±45° dual linear polarization. Generally, the first polarization component is +45° linear polarization, while the second polarization component is -45° linear polarization.

[0094] S102, design the main radiating array 20. In this embodiment, the first main radiating unit 21, the second main radiating unit 22, and the third main radiating unit 23 are all probe-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antennas. Taking the first main radiating unit 21 as an example, as shown in Figure 8, Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the main radiating unit structure of a 3×1 / 6×1 / 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Each main radiating unit includes a rectangular metal driving patch 2111 and a rectangular metal parasitic patch 2112. The driving patch 2111 is located on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, and the parasitic patch is located on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate. The probe 212 corresponding to the +45° linear polarization component and the probe 213 corresponding to the -45° linear polarization component pass through the lower dielectric plate and are connected to the driving patch. Among them, the structure of the second main radiating unit and the third main radiating unit is the same as that of the first main radiating unit.

[0095] S103, design the structure of the feed module 20. As shown in Figure 9, Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed module of the 3×1 electrically tunable array based on the active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The feed module 20 includes two feed sub-modules, feed sub-module 11 corresponds to +45° linear polarization, and feed sub-module 12 corresponds to -45° linear polarization. Each feed sub-module includes one input port and three output ports. The output amplitude of each output port is equal, and the phase difference ΔΦ1 is calculated by the following formula:

[0096] Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, d is the spacing between adjacent units, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, and θ max and θ min The power division and phase shifting networks 115 and 125 of the feed submodule in this embodiment are in the form of equal power division networks, and the output ports meet the gradient phase.

[0097] S104, design the transmissive metasurface 31 in the metasurface phase shifting module 10. As shown in FIG10 , FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer structure of a metasurface unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmissive metasurface 31 includes three metasurface units. Taking the first metasurface unit 311 as an example, the unit includes two layers of dielectric plates separated by air. A circular ring is printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively. A larger circular ring is printed on the lower layer of the upper dielectric plate and the upper layer of the lower dielectric plate. 3111-3114 are varactors loaded on the smaller circular rings. Each metasurface unit has a total of eight varactors. The four circular ring structures of the second metasurface unit 312 (equivalent to the passive metasurface unit in the above embodiment) are the same as the circular ring structure of the first metasurface unit 311, but the position of the varactors loaded on the smaller circular rings is replaced by a fixed capacitor with a capacitance value of C2. The structure of the third metasurface unit 313 is the same as that of the first metasurface unit 311.

[0098] S105. Design the bias unit 32 in the metasurface phase shift module 10. As shown in FIG11 , FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of the bias unit of a 3×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmission metasurface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; varactor diodes are loaded on the first metasurface units 311 and 313. The normal operation of the varactor diodes requires a bias structure to provide a bias voltage. The bias structure includes horizontal bias lines 3211 and 3212, vertical metal pillars 3221 and 3222, choke inductors 3231-3235, and a quarter-wavelength fan-shaped branch 324. The bias structure is symmetrical, and the bias structure of each unit includes 8 horizontal bias lines, 8 metal pillars, 20 choke inductors, and 2 fan-shaped branches. 3251 and 3253 are the grounding points of the bias structure, and 3252 and 3254 are the input points for the DC bias voltage.

[0099] S106, design the bias voltage and fixed capacitance value C2 on each metasurface unit. When the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phases of the first, second, and third metasurface units are respectively and Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor diode loaded on the unit, a curve of the transmission phase changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode at the center frequency in the passband can be obtained through simulation or actual measurement. A point near the midpoint of the curve is randomly selected as a reference point, and the transmission phase of this point is The capacitance value at this point is the fixed capacitance value C2. and The calculation formula is as follows:

[0100] With the help of the curve of transmission phase changing with capacitance value of varactor diode, we can get and The corresponding capacitor values ​​are C1 and C3 respectively.

[0101] The eight varactors on the first metasurface unit all have the same value, C1. Using the voltage-capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet, we can determine that when the varactor value is C1, the voltage applied to the pin is U1. The eight varactors on the third metasurface unit all have the same value, C3. Using the voltage-capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet, we can determine that when the varactor value is C3, the voltage applied to the pin is U3. The simulation results of this embodiment's 3×1 electrically adjustable array scanning within a 2-12° range are shown in Figure 12.

[0102] Example 2: A 6×1 electrically adjustable array based on an active transmissive metasurface as shown in FIG13 :

[0103] S201: Determine the operating frequency band, downtilt adjustment range, element spacing d, and polarization mode of the beam reconfigurable array antenna based on project requirements. This embodiment is a collinear subarray (N=6) for a dual-polarization base station electrically tilted antenna, with ±45° dual linear polarization. Generally, the first polarization component is selected as +45° linear polarization, and the second polarization component is selected as -45° linear polarization.

[0104] S202, designing the main radiating array 20. In this embodiment, the main radiating array includes six main radiating elements, namely the first main radiating element 21, the second main radiating element 22, ..., and the sixth main radiating element 23, each of which is a probe-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna.

[0105] S203: Design the structure of the feed module 30. As shown in Figure 8, the feed module 30 includes two feed submodules: feed submodule 11 corresponds to +45° linear polarization, and feed submodule 12 corresponds to -45° linear polarization. Each feed submodule includes one input port and six output ports. The phase difference ΔΦ1 of each output port is calculated using the following formula:

[0106] Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, d is the spacing between adjacent units, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, and θ max and θ min The power division and phase shifting networks 115 and 125 of the feed submodule in this embodiment are in the form of equal power division networks, and the output ports meet the gradient phase.

[0107] S204, design the transmissive metasurface 31 in the metasurface phase shift module 10. As shown in Figure 15, the transmissive metasurface 31 includes six metasurface units, of which the first metasurface unit 311, the second metasurface unit 312, the fifth metasurface unit 315, and the sixth metasurface unit 316 are transmissive active metasurfaces, and the third metasurface unit 313 and the fourth metasurface unit 314 are transmissive passive metasurface units. Taking the first metasurface unit 311 as an example, the unit includes three layers of dielectric plates, with air spaced between the dielectric plates. A circular ring is printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, respectively, and a larger circular ring is printed on the lower layer of the upper dielectric plate and the upper layer of the lower dielectric plate. 3111-3114 are varactors loaded on the smaller circular rings, and there are a total of 12 varactors on each metasurface unit. The six circular ring structures of the second metasurface unit 312 , the fifth metasurface unit 315 and the sixth metasurface unit 316 are the same as the circular ring structure of the first metasurface unit 311 .

[0108] S205, design the bias unit 32 in the metasurface phase shift module 10. As shown in Figure 16, the first metasurface unit 311, the second metasurface unit 312, the fifth metasurface unit 315, and the sixth metasurface unit 316 are all loaded with varactor diodes, and their normal operation requires a bias structure to provide a bias voltage. The bias structure includes horizontal bias lines 3211, 3212, and 3213, vertical metal pillars 3221, 3222, and 3223, choke inductors 3231-3238, and a quarter-wavelength fan-shaped branch 324. The structure is symmetrical, and the bias structure of each unit includes 12 horizontal bias lines, 12 metal pillars, 32 choke inductors, and 2 fan-shaped branches. 3251 and 3253 are the grounding points of the bias structure, and 3252 and 3254 are the input points of the DC bias voltage.

[0109] S206, design the bias voltage on each metasurface unit. When the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phases of the first and second metasurface units are both The compensation phases of the third and fourth metasurface units are The compensation phases of the fifth and sixth metasurface units are Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor diode loaded on the unit, a curve of the transmission phase changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode at the center frequency in the passband can be obtained through simulation or actual measurement. A point near the midpoint of the curve is randomly selected as a reference point, and the transmission phase of this point is and The calculation formula is as follows:

[0110] With the help of the curve of transmission phase changing with capacitance value of varactor diode, we can get and The corresponding capacitor values ​​are C1 and C3 respectively.

[0111] The 24 varactors on the first and second metasurface units all have the same value, C1. The voltage vs. capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet indicates that when the varactor value is C1, the voltage applied to the pin is U1. The 24 varactors on the fifth and sixth metasurface units all have the same value, C3. The voltage vs. capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet indicates that when the varactor value is C3, the voltage applied to the pin is U3. The simulation results of the 6×1 electrically adjustable array of this embodiment scanning within a 2-12° range are shown in Figure 17.

[0112] Example 3: 6×8 electrically adjustable array based on active transmissive metasurface as shown in FIG8 :

[0113] S301: Determine the operating frequency band, downtilt adjustment range, element spacing d, and polarization mode of the beam reconfigurable array antenna based on project requirements. This embodiment is a planar array for a dual-polarization base station electrically steerable antenna, with ±45° dual linear polarization. Generally, the first polarization component is selected as +45° linear polarization, and the second polarization component is selected as -45° linear polarization.

[0114] S302, designing the main radiation array 20. As shown in FIG8, the main radiation array of this embodiment includes 64 main radiation units, wherein each column includes six main radiation units and each row includes eight main radiation units.

[0115] S303: Design the structure of the feed module 30. As shown in Figure 19, the feed module 30 includes two feed submodules: feed submodule 11 corresponds to +45° linear polarization, and feed submodule 12 corresponds to -45° linear polarization. Each feed submodule includes 8 input ports and 48 output ports. The phase difference ΔΦ1 of each output port is calculated using the following formula:

[0116] Among them, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, d is the unit row spacing, θ0 is the preset deflection angle when the array is not scanning, θ max ,θ min The power division and phase shifting networks 115 and 125 of the feed submodule in this embodiment are in the form of 8 relatively independent equally divided power division networks, and the output ports meet the gradient phase.

[0117] S304, design the transmissive metasurface 31 in the metasurface phase shifting module 10. The transmissive metasurface 31 includes 48 metasurface units, with each column including 6 metasurface units. The same 8 columns of metasurface units constitute the transmissive metasurface of this embodiment. Among them, the first row, second row, fifth row, and sixth row are all transmissive active metasurface units, and their structure is the structure of the first (second, fifth, sixth) metasurface unit of Example 2 rotated 45 degrees; the third row and fourth row are passive metasurface units.

[0118] S305: Design the bias structure 32 in the metasurface phase-shifting module 10. Each of the 32 metasurface units in the first, second, fifth, and sixth rows is loaded with varactors, requiring the bias structure to provide bias voltage. Each active metasurface unit bias structure includes a horizontal bias line, a vertical metal pillar, and a choke inductor.

[0119] S306, design the bias voltage on each metasurface unit. When the array scans to angle θ, the compensation phase of the metasurface units in the first and second rows is φ1; the compensation phase of the metasurface units in the third and fourth rows is φ2; and the compensation phase of the metasurface units in the fifth and sixth rows is φ3. Since the transmission phase of the transmission metasurface unit corresponds to the value of the varactor diode loaded on the unit, a curve of the transmission phase changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode at the center frequency in the passband can be obtained through simulation or actual measurement. Select any point near the midpoint of the change curve as a reference point. The transmission phase of this point is φ2, and the calculation formulas for φ1 and φ3 are as follows:

[0120] With the help of the curve of the transmission phase changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode, it can be obtained that the capacitance values ​​corresponding to φ1 and φ3 are C1 and C3 respectively.

[0121] The 12 varactors on each metasurface unit in the first and second rows all have the same value, C1. Using the voltage-capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet, we can determine that when the varactor value is C1, the voltage applied to the pin is U1. The 12 varactors on the metasurface units in the fifth and sixth rows all have the same value, C3. Using the voltage-capacitance curve in the varactor datasheet, we can determine that when the varactor value is C3, the voltage applied to the pin is U3. The simulation results of this embodiment's 6×8 electrically adjustable array scanning within a 2-12° range are shown in Figure 20.

[0122] It should be noted that the probe-fed rectangular patch used in the embodiment of the present disclosure is only one form of the main radiating unit, and the technical solution does not limit the specific form of the main radiating unit. For example, rectangular patches with coupled feeding or microstrip feeding, various forms of cross dipoles, microstrip patch antennas of various shapes, slot antennas and other antenna forms with dual-polarization characteristics can be used; at the same time, for scenarios where single-polarization antennas and circularly polarized antennas are required, the embodiment of the present disclosure can also realize air interface phase control.

[0123] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the form of the power-dividing phase-shifting network is a Wilkinson power-dividing phase-shifting network. The technical solution of the present disclosure does not impose specific restrictions on the form of the power-dividing phase-shifting network. For example, a T-junction power-dividing phase-shifting network or a phase-shifting network with unequal amplitude output can be used.

[0124] It is understandable that the above technical solution does not limit the specific structure of the transmissive metasurface, including the unit structure, arrangement, number of cascade layers, loading position and number of active devices, etc. For example, a square ring structure, a cross-slit structure, etc.

[0125] The disclosed embodiments utilize active metasurfaces to continuously adjust the value of the varactor diode by setting a bias voltage, thereby changing the phase distribution. This allows for rapid response, flexible adjustment, and higher precision in electronic scanning applications. Related technologies achieve electronic scanning by constructing a phase distribution using digital phase shifters. The disclosed embodiments utilize a transmissive metasurface to construct an ideal gradient phase, with low insertion loss, high antenna efficiency, and high gain. Unlike transmission array antennas consisting of a feed horn and a transmissive metasurface, the distance from the main radiating array to the transmissive metasurface exceeds the limitations of the focal ratio, and the aperture size of the array does not affect the distance from the main radiating array to the transmissive metasurface. Conventional transmission array antennas require the feed and metasurface to meet a certain focal ratio relationship to achieve gain enhancement and beam steering. The disclosed embodiments load active metasurfaces near the antenna unit air interface, with spacing exceeding the limitations of the focal ratio, enabling air interface phase shift control at extremely low profiles. Therefore, they are particularly suitable for the electronic adjustment design, beam scanning, and shaping of existing base station antennas.

[0126] The serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0127] In the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0128] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program is configured to execute the steps of any one of the above method embodiments when run.

[0129] In an exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media that can store computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0130] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor, and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0132] For specific examples in this embodiment, reference may be made to the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary implementation modes, and this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0133] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of the present disclosure described above can be implemented using a general-purpose computing device, they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed across a network composed of multiple computing devices, they can be implemented using program code executable by the computing device, and thus, they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than herein, or they can be fabricated into separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0134] The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, and the like made within the principles of the present disclosure shall be included within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A metasurface phase shifting module, comprising: A transmissive metasurface, wherein an adjustable electronic element is disposed on the transmissive metasurface; A bias unit, connected to the adjustable electronic component, inputting a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic component; Wherein, the transmission metasurface performs phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic element and the bias voltage.

2. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission metasurface includes: a passive metasurface unit and an active metasurface unit, wherein the active metasurface unit is provided with the adjustable electronic component, and the passive metasurface unit is provided with a fixed electronic component or a centrally symmetrical first conductive structure, wherein the circumference of the centrally symmetrical first conductive structure is a preset fixed value.

3. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 2, wherein: The passive metasurface unit and the active metasurface unit both include: a multi-layer dielectric plate, wherein two adjacent layers of dielectric plates are separated by air.

4. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 3, wherein: include: The multilayer dielectric plate of the active metasurface unit comprises: a centrally symmetrical second conductive structure; wherein the second conductive structure is provided with the adjustable electronic component.

5. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 4, wherein: include: The second conductive structure includes: a first substructure and a second substructure, wherein the perimeter of the first substructure is greater than the perimeter of the second substructure, and the adjustable electronic component is disposed on the second substructure.

6. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 3, wherein: include: The multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit comprises: a centrally symmetrical third conductive structure, wherein the third conductive structure is provided with the fixed electronic component; or The multilayer dielectric plate of the passive metasurface unit includes: the first conductive structure.

7. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 6, wherein: include: The third conductive structure comprises: a third substructure and a fourth substructure, wherein the perimeter of the third substructure is greater than the perimeter of the fourth substructure, and the fourth substructure is provided with the fixed electronic component; or, The first conductive structure includes: a fifth substructure and a sixth substructure, wherein a perimeter of the fifth substructure is greater than a perimeter of the sixth substructure.

8. The metasurface phase shifting module according to claim 1, wherein: The bias unit includes: a horizontal bias line, a vertical metal column connected to the horizontal bias line, a choke inductor connected to the horizontal bias line, and a fan-shaped branch connected to the vertical metal column.

9. An antenna array, comprising: Feed module, main radiation array and metasurface phase shift module, wherein: The main radiation array is used to receive the radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the radio frequency power; The metasurface phase shifting module comprises: a transmission metasurface and a bias unit connected to the transmission metasurface, wherein: The bias unit is used to input a bias voltage to the adjustable electronic element provided on the transmission metasurface; The transmission metasurface is used to perform phase control on the received electromagnetic wave through the adjustable electronic element and the bias voltage.

10. The antenna array according to claim 9, wherein: include: The feeding module is used to receive the first radio frequency power and output the second radio frequency power with a phase gradient according to the first radio frequency power; The main radiation array is used to receive the second radio frequency power sent by the feeding module and output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle according to the second radio frequency power.

11. The antenna array according to claim 10, wherein: The feeding module includes a first feeding submodule and a second feeding submodule, wherein: The first feeding submodule is used to receive a first polarized radio frequency power of a first polarized component; The second feeding submodule is used to receive a second polarized radio frequency power of a second polarized component, and the first radio frequency power includes the first polarized radio frequency power and the second polarized radio frequency power.

12. The antenna array according to claim 11, wherein: The first feed submodule comprises: a first input port, a first power division phase shift network connected to the first input port, and a plurality of first output ports connected to the first power division phase shift network; The first input port is used to receive the first polarized radio frequency power; The first power division and phase shifting network is used to divide the first polarized RF power into multiple third RF powers and distribute the multiple third RF powers to the multiple first output ports, wherein the phase difference between each two adjacent third RF powers is the same.

13. The antenna array according to claim 11, wherein: The second feed submodule comprises: a second input port, a second power division phase shift network connected to the second input port, and a plurality of second output ports connected to the second power division phase shift network, wherein: The second input port is used to receive the second polarized radio frequency power; The second power division and phase shifting network is used to divide the second polarized RF power into multiple fourth RF powers and distribute the multiple fourth RF powers to the multiple second output ports, wherein the phase difference of the fourth RF powers distributed to two adjacent second output ports is the same.

14. The antenna array according to claim 11, wherein: The main radiation array comprises: a bottom plate, a plurality of radiation units located on the bottom plate, and the radiation units comprise: a radiator, a first feeding port connected to the radiator, and a second feeding port connected to the radiator; The first feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the first feeding submodule, and is used to receive a third radio frequency power corresponding to the first polarized radio frequency power; The second feeding port is electrically connected to the output port of the second feeding submodule, and is used to receive a fourth radio frequency power corresponding to the second polarized radio frequency power; The radiator is coupled to the metasurface unit of the metasurface phase shifting module and is used to output electromagnetic waves of a preset angle.

15. A communication device, comprising the antenna array as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 14.

Images