Acoustic resonator
The acoustic resonator employs a multilayered IDT structure to optimize electrode function division, enhancing piezo-coupling and power handling while improving the Q-factor at the resonant frequency, thus addressing the limitations of existing designs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/118569
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing acoustic resonators face issues such as high electrode resistance, reduced power handling, mass loading effects, and parasitic modes due to the design of electrodes, which affect the Q-factor and piezo-coupling.
The acoustic resonator incorporates an interdigital transducer (IDT) with a multilayered structure for each interleaved finger, where a first layer with higher acoustic vibrations creates an electric field, and a second layer with lower acoustic vibrations conducts electric current and removes heat, optimizing the division of functions to improve power handling and Q-factor.
This configuration enhances piezo-coupling, improves power-handling properties, and increases the Q-factor at the resonant frequency, addressing the limitations of existing XBARs and YBARs.
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Figure CN2023118569_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ACOUSTIC RESONATORTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of acoustic devices. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an acoustic resonator comprising an interdigital transducer (IDT) , each interleaved finger of which has a multilayered structure designed to improve a quality factor (Q-factor) at the resonant frequency of the acoustic resonator, improve heat evacuation capability, and provide high piezo-coupling.BACKGROUND
[0002] Acoustic resonators can be used to implement signal processing functions in various electronic applications. For example, the acoustic resonators are used in the existing wireless and wired communication devices, such as mobile phones, to implement frequency filters and / or multiplexers for transmitted and / or received wireless and / or wired signals. Some examples of the acoustic resonators include different types of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators, thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) , laterally excited bulk acoustic wave resonators (XBARs) , transversally excited shear wave resonators (YBARs) , stacked bulk acoustic resonators (SBARs) , double bulk acoustic resonators (DBARs) , and solidly mounted resonators (SMRs) .
[0003] In the SAW resonators, FBARs, XBARs, YBARs and similar acoustic resonators, electrodes are typically formed on the top surface of a piezoelectric material to transmit signals and create electric fields in the piezoelectric material for resonance excitation. However, the electrodes thus formed may cause various problems in the acoustic resonators, namely: too large resistance, reduced power handling capability, mass loading effect, acoustic attenuation, parasitic modes, etc. More specifically, when the electrodes are too thin, they can cause high electrode resistance, resulting in impedance deterioration at a resonant frequency. In addition, poor heat evacuation along the thin electrodes can cause a power handling issue. On the other hand, the electrodes that are too thick can cause vibration damping and reduced piezo-coupling (due to their lossy metal material and the concentration of vibration energy in the passive, i.e., non-piezoelectric, part of the resonator structure) , as well as lead to a decrease in the resonance frequency of the acoustic resonator (due to the mass loading effect) . Furthermore, parasitic modes can be introduced by electrodes of different thickness.
[0004] Given the above, more engineering is required to improve the characteristics of the electrodes included in the acoustic resonators.SUMMARY
[0005] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0006] It is an objective of the present disclosure to provide an acoustic resonator that provides high piezo-coupling and exhibits improved (e.g., compared to the existing XBARs and YBARs) power-handling properties and Q-factor at a resonant frequency.
[0007] The objective above is achieved by the features of the independent claim in the appended claims. Further embodiments and examples are apparent from the dependent claims, the detailed description, and the accompanying drawings.
[0008] According to an aspect, an acoustic resonator is provided. The acoustic resonator comprises a piezoelectric substrate and an IDT provided on the piezoelectric substrate. The IDT comprises a set of interleaved fingers each configured as a multilayered structure that comprises a first layer and a second layer. The second layer is provided over the first layer and separated from the first layer by at least one pedestal. Each of the first layer, the second layer and the at least one pedestal has a thickness and width that are defined based on a wavelength λ of an acoustic wave to be generated by the IDT in the piezoelectric substrate at a resonant frequency of the acoustic resonator. The thickness of the first layer is smaller than the thickness of each of the at least one pedestal and the second layer, and the width of the at least one pedestal is smaller than the width of each of the first layer and the second layer. In the acoustic resonator thus configured, the first (bottom) layer having a higher amplitude of acoustic vibrations is responsible for creating an electric field in the piezoelectric substrate, while the second (top) layer having a lower amplitude of acoustic vibrations is responsible for conducting electric current and removing heat (generated due to Ohmic losses) . Thus, the important functions of each finger (or electrode, in other words) are divided between the first and second layers. All of this allows one to achieve the above-indicated objective, i.e., provide high piezo-coupling and improve the power-handling properties and the Q-factor at the resonant frequency.
[0009] In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one pedestal in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers comprises a single pedestal provided such that there is a gap on either side of the pedestal between the first layer and the second layer. In this embodiment, the acoustic resonator may function as an XBAR.
[0010] In one exemplary embodiment, the pedestal in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers is provided in a position corresponding to (e.g., close to or in vicinity of) a node of the acoustic wave. By positioning the pedestal in this way, it is possible to minimize the transmission of acoustic vibrations from the piezoelectric substrate to the second layer of each finger of the set of interleaved fingers.
[0011] In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one pedestal in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers comprises two pedestals spaced from each other such that there is a gap enclosed between the two pedestals and each of the first layer and the second layer. In this embodiment, the acoustic resonator may function as an YBAR.
[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, each of the two pedestals in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers is provided in a position corresponding to (e.g., close to or in vicinity of) the node of the acoustic wave. By positioning the pedestals in this way, it is possible to minimize the transmission of vibrations from the piezoelectric substrate to the second layer of each finger of the set of interleaved fingers.
[0013] In one exemplary embodiment, the gap (between the first and second layers) is filled with a material having an acoustic impedance at least 3 times lower than an acoustic impedance of each finger of the set of interleaved fingers. By so doing, it is possible to simplify the fabrication process of the acoustic resonator and strengthen the multilayered structure of each finger of the set of interleaved fingers, while ensuring proper acoustic isolation between the first and second layers.
[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, the first layer is made of a first conductive material, the second layer is made of a second conductive material, and the at least one pedestal is made of a third conductive material. In this embodiment, the first conductive material is different from or the same as the second conductive material, and the third conductive material is different from the first conductive material and the second conductive material or the same as the first conductive material or the second conductive material. Thus, the constructive elements of each finger of the set of interleaved fingers may be made of the same or different materials, depending on particular applications. This may provide flexibility in the fabrication process of the acoustic resonator.
[0015] In one exemplary embodiment, the first conductive material has lower acoustic losses compared to the second conductive material, and the second conductive material has a higher electric conductivity and a higher thermal conductivity compared to the first conductive material. By using such materials, it is possible to provide better division of the above-described main functions of each finger between the first and second layers.
[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, the piezoelectric substrate is made of one of lithium niobate (LN) , lithium tantalate (LT) , aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) , lithium iodate (LiIO3) , zinc oxide (ZnO) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) . These materials exhibit proper piezoelectric properties for the efficient operation of the acoustic resonator.
[0017] In one exemplary embodiment, the piezoelectric substrate is configured as a layered structure comprising a non-piezoelectric supporting layer and a piezoelectric membrane provided on the non-piezoelectric supporting layer. In this embodiment, the IDT is provided on the piezoelectric membrane, and the piezoelectric membrane has a thickness ranging from 0.1λ to 2λ. In this case, the non-piezoelectric supporting layer may provide additional mechanical support to the piezoelectric membrane, and the piezoelectric membrane may be bonded to the non-piezoelectric supporting layer using a wafer bonding process, or grown on the non-piezoelectric supporting layer, or attached to the non-piezoelectric supporting layer in some other manner. All of this may again provide flexibility in the fabrication process of the acoustic resonator.
[0018] In one exemplary embodiment, the piezoelectric membrane is made of one of LN, LT, AlScN, LiIO3, ZnO and PZT. These materials exhibit proper piezoelectric properties for the efficient operation of the acoustic resonator.
[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, the non-piezoelectric supporting layer is made of a material having an acoustic velocity equal to or higher than 4000 m / s for acoustic waves. Such a non-piezoelectric supporting layer may contribute to better piezo-coupling, thereby improving the operation of the acoustic resonator.
[0020] In one exemplary embodiment, the non-piezoelectric supporting layer is made of one of silicon (Si) , silicon carbide (SiC) , boron nitride (BN) , diamond and quartz. These materials are good in terms of mechanical and dielectric properties, for which reason they may provide a strong support for the membrane carrying the set of interleaved fingers.
[0021] In one exemplary embodiment, the non-piezoelectric supporting layer has a cavity, and the piezoelectric membrane is provided on the non-piezoelectric supporting layer such that the set of interleaved fingers of the IDT is suspended over the cavity. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric membrane has a thickness equal to about λ / 2. Thus, the part of the piezoelectric membrane which comprises the IDT is suspended over the cavity without contacting the non-piezoelectric supporting layer, thereby further improving the Q-factor and piezo-coupling.
[0022] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent upon reading the following detailed description and reviewing the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The present disclosure is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0024] FIGs. 1A and 1B show different schematic views of an acoustic resonator according to one exemplary embodiment, namely: FIG. 1A shows a top view of the acoustic resonator, and FIG. 1B shows a sectional side view of the acoustic resonator, as obtained by using section line A-A in FIG. 1A;
[0025] FIG. 2 shows a magnified sectional side view of one period comprising two interleaved fingers of an interdigital transducer (IDT) included in the acoustic resonator according to a first exemplary embodiment, with the magnified sectional side view taken inside the area defined by oval B in FIG. 1B;
[0026] FIG. 3 schematically shows the A1 mode of an acoustic wave excited in the piezoelectric membrane of the acoustic resonator;
[0027] FIG. 4 shows a magnified sectional side view of one period comprising two interleaved fingers of the IDT included in the acoustic resonator according to a second exemplary embodiment, with the magnified sectional side view taken inside the area defined by oval B in FIG. 1B;
[0028] FIGs. 5A-5C show exemplary admittance curves each illustrating the absolute value of admittance Y11 (solid curve) and its real part Re (Y11) (dashed curve) with a logarithmic vertical scale for one of three different A1-mode XBARs, namely: FIG. 5A shows the admittance curve for the XBAR comprising thin single-layer interleaved fingers, FIG. 5B shows the admittance curve for the XBAR comprising thick single-layer interleaved fingers, and FIG. 5C shows the admittance curve for the XBAR comprising the interleaved fingers of FIG. 2;
[0029] FIGs. 6A-6C show exemplary admittance curves each illustrating the absolute value of admittance Y11 (solid curve) and its real part Re (Y11) (dashed curve) with a logarithmic vertical scale for one of three different A1-mode YBARs, namely: FIG. 6A shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising thin single-layer interleaved fingers, FIG. 6B shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising thick single-layer interleaved fingers, and FIG. 6C shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising the interleaved fingers of FIG. 3; and
[0030] FIGs. 7A-7C show exemplary admittance curves each illustrating the absolute value Y11 (solid curve) and its real part Re (Y11) (dashed curve) with a logarithmic vertical scale for one of three different SH1-mode YBARs, namely: FIG. 7A shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising thin single-layer interleaved fingers, FIG. 7B shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising thick single-layer interleaved fingers, and FIG. 7C shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising the interleaved fingers of FIG. 3.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are further described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in many other forms and should not be construed as limited to any certain structure or function discussed in the following description. In contrast, these embodiments are provided to make the description of the present disclosure detailed and complete.
[0032] According to the detailed description, it will be apparent to the ones skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure encompasses any embodiment thereof, which is disclosed herein, irrespective of whether this embodiment is implemented independently or in concert with any other embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the apparatus disclosed herein may be implemented in practice by using any numbers of the embodiments provided herein. Furthermore, it should be understood that any embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented using one or more of the features presented in the appended claims.
[0033] The word “exemplary” is used herein in the meaning of “used as an illustration” . Unless otherwise stated, any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” should not be construed as preferable or having an advantage over other embodiments.
[0034] Any positioning terminology, such as “left” , “right” , “top” , “bottom” , “above” “below” , “upper” , “lower” , “horizontal” , “vertical” , etc., may be used herein for convenience to describe one element’s or feature's relationship to one or more other elements or features in accordance with the figures. It should be apparent that the positioning terminology is intended to encompass different orientations of the apparatus disclosed herein, in addition to the orientation (s) depicted in the figures. As an example, if one imaginatively rotates the apparatus in the figures 90 degrees clockwise, elements or features described as “left” and “right” relative to other elements or features would then be oriented, respectively, “above” and “below” the other elements or features. Therefore, the positioning terminology used herein should not be construed as any limitation of the present disclosure.
[0035] Furthermore, although the numerative terminology, such as “first” , “second” , etc., may be used herein to describe various embodiments, elements or features, it should be understood that these embodiments, elements or features should not be limited by this numerative terminology. This numerative terminology is used herein only to distinguish one embodiment, element or feature from another embodiment, element or feature. For example, a first layer discussed below could be called a second layer, and vice versa, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.
[0036] The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate to an acoustic resonator that provides high piezo-coupling and exhibits improved (e.g., compared to the existing XBARs and YBARs) power-handling properties and Q-factor at a resonant frequency. More specifically, the acoustic resonator comprises an interdigital transducer (IDT) formed on a piezoelectric substrate. Each of interleaved fingers or electrodes of the IDT has a multilayered structure that comprises a first layer and a second layer. The second layer is provided over the first layer and separated from the first layer by one or more pedestals. Each of the first layer, the second layer and the pedestal (s) has a thickness and width that are defined based on a wavelength λ of an acoustic wave to be generated by the IDT in the piezoelectric substrate at the resonant frequency of the acoustic resonator. The acoustic resonator is characterized by that, in each finger or electrode, the thickness of the first layer is smaller than the thickness of each of the pedestal (s) and the second layer, and the width of the pedestal (s) is smaller than the width of each of the first layer and the second layer.
[0037] FIGs. 1A and 1B show different schematic views of an acoustic resonator 100 according to one exemplary embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 1A shows a top view of the acoustic resonator 100, and FIG. 1B shows a sectional side view of the acoustic resonator 100, as obtained by using section line A-A in FIG. 1A. The acoustic resonator 100 comprises an IDT comprising a set of interleaved fingers or electrodes 102 formed on a piezoelectric substrate.
[0038] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric substrate is configured as a layered structure that comprises a piezoelectric membrane 104 provided on a non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 (see FIG. 1B) . The set of interleaved fingers 102 is provided on the piezoelectric membrane 104. The non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 provides mechanical support to the piezoelectric membrane 104. Preferably, the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 is made of a material having an acoustic velocity equal to or higher than 4000 m / s for acoustic waves. Some examples of such high-acoustic-velocity materials may include, but not limited to, silicon (Si) , silicon carbide (SiC) , boron nitride (BN) , diamond and quartz. The piezoelectric membrane 104 may be made of lithium niobate (LN) , lithium tantalate (LT) , aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) , lithium iodate (LiIO3) , zinc oxide (ZnO) , lead zirconate titanate (PZT) , or any other suitable piezoelectric material. Additionally, the piezoelectric membrane may have a thickness ranging from 0.1λ to 2λ. The piezoelectric membrane 104 may be bonded to the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 using a wafer bonding process, or grown on the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106, or attached to the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 in some other manner. Furthermore, the piezoelectric membrane 104 may be attached directly to the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 or may be attached to the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 via one or more intermediate layers (e.g., a set of alternating low and high acoustic impedance layers) .
[0039] As shown in FIGs. 1A and 1B, the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 has a cavity 108 formed such that the part of the piezoelectric membrane 104 which comprises the IDT is suspended over the cavity 108 without contacting the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106. Although the cavity 108 is shown in FIG. 1B as a hole passing entirely through the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106, this should not be construed as any limitation of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, the cavity 108 may be implemented as a dead hole or recess. In general, the term “cavity” used herein should be understood as an empty space within a solid object. As also follows from FIG. 1B, the cavity 108 has a rectangular shape, but it is again worth noting that any other shape of the cavity 108, such as a regular or irregular polygon, is also possible, provided that the entire set of interleaved fingers 102 is suspended over it. The cavity 108 may be formed in the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106 either before or after the piezoelectric member 104 is attached to the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106. For this purpose, different techniques may be used, such as bulk micromachining, selective etching, etc.
[0040] As shown in FIG. 1A, the set of interleaved fingers 102 comprises a first subset of fingers extending from a first busbar 110 and a second subset of fingers extending from a second busbar 112. Both subsets of fingers are interleaved. The interleaved fingers 102 overlap for a distance AP that is commonly referred to as the “aperture” of the IDT. The busbars 110 and 112 serve as two different-polarity terminals of the acoustic resonator 100. During operation, a radio frequency (RF) or microwave signal having a frequency comparable with the resonance frequency of the acoustic resonator 100 is applied to the busbars 110 and 112. As a result of the piezoelectric effect, an acoustic wave is excited within the piezoelectric membrane 104. For example, the acoustic wave may have a SH1 mode or A1 mode, depending on the configuration of the interleaved fingers 102 (which will be discussed below in more detail) and the material of the piezoelectric membrane 104 (e.g., a cut with certain Euler angles) .
[0041] It should be noted that the number, shape and arrangement of the constructive elements constituting the acoustic resonator 100, which are shown in FIGs. 1A and 1B, are not intended to be any limitation of the present disclosure, but merely used to provide a general idea of how the constructive elements may be implemented within the acoustic resonator 100. For example, there may be no cavity 108 in the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106, so that the part of the piezoelectric membrane 104 which comprises the set of interleaved fingers 102 is not suspended but in direct contact with the non-piezoelectric supporting layer 106. Furthermore, the piezoelectric substrate used in the acoustic resonator 100 may be fully implemented as a piezoelectric platelet or wafer (i.e., without using any supporting layer like the layer 106) .
[0042] FIG. 2 shows a magnified sectional side view of one period comprising two interleaved fingers 102 of the IDT included in the acoustic resonator 100 according to a first exemplary embodiment. More specifically, this magnified sectional side view is taken inside the area defined by oval B in FIG. 1B. In FIG. 2, the left finger 102 is assumed to be connected to the busbar 110, and the right finger 102 is assumed to be connected to the busbar 112, with the busbars 110 and 112 serving as terminals which are fed with RF potentials of opposite polarity. It should be noted that the dimensions of the interleaved fingers 102 and the piezoelectric membrane 104 are exaggerated in FIG. 2 for convenience –in practice, the thickness of the interleaved fingers 102 is usually smaller than the thickness of the piezoelectric membrane 104.
[0043] In the first exemplary embodiment, each of the fingers 102 is configured as a multilayered structure that comprises a first (bottom) layer 200 and a second (top) layer 202. The second layer 202 is separated from the first layer 200 by means of a pedestal 204. The thicknesses and widths of the first layer 200, the second layer 202 and the pedestal 204 are defined based on the wavelength λ of the acoustic wave to be generated by the IDT in the piezoelectric membrane 104 at the resonant frequency of the acoustic resonator 100. As can be seen, the thickness of the first layer 200 is smaller than the thicknesses of the pedestal 204 and the second layer 202, and the width of the pedestal 204 is smaller than the width of each of the first and second layers 200 and 202. The center-to-center spacing or, in other words, pitch p of the fingers 102 is also defined based on λ and is assumed to be much greater than the total thickness of each finger 102. The pedestal 204 is provided such that there is a gap g on either side of the pedestal 204 between the first and second layers 200 and 202. Preferably, the pedestal 204 is provided in a position corresponding to a node of the acoustic wave. In some embodiments, the gap g may be filled with a material having an acoustic impedance at least 3 times lower than the acoustic impedance of each finger 102, such as a polymer, photoresist, etc.
[0044] As for materials of the first layer 200, the second layer 202 and the pedestal 204, they may be selected based on the following considerations. The main function of the first layer 200 is to create an electric field in the piezoelectric membrane 104, for which reason it may be made of a conductive material that has a moderate conductivity (because current will mainly pass through the second layer 202) and lower acoustic losses. Suitable conductive materials for the first layer 200 may include, but not limited to, molybdenum (Mo) , beryllium (Be) , platinum (Pt) , Titanum (Ti) and tungsten (W) . The main function of the second layer 202 is to provide a path for the removal of current and heat, for which reason it may be made of a conductive material that has a higher electric and thermal conductivity compared to the first layer 200. Suitable conductive materials for the second layer 202 may include, but not limited to, aluminum (Al) , copper (Cu) , silver (Ag) and gold (Au) . The pedestal 204 may be made of the same conductive material as the first layer 200 or the second layer 202, or it be made of a different conductive material (e.g., a different metal) .
[0045] It should be noted that the acoustic resonator 100 comprising the set of fingers 102 configured as shown in FIG. 2 may function as an XBAR. In this case, it is preferable if the piezoelectric membrane 104 has a thickness close to λ / 2 and is made of a piezoelectric material having a cut corresponding to the lateral excitation of the A1 mode (with acoustic vibrations concentrated mainly between the interleaved fingers 102) , and each of the interleaved fingers 102 of the IDT has a width comparable with the thickness of the piezoelectric membrane 104. The pitch p in this case is usually large compared to the thickness of the piezoelectric membrane 104.
[0046] FIG. 3 schematically shows the A1 mode of the acoustic wave excited in the piezoelectric membrane 104 of the acoustic resonator 100. For simplicity, FIG. 3 shows only two interleaved fingers 102 (i.e., one pitch or, in other words, half of the structure period) on the piezoelectric membrane 104 of the acoustic resonator 100. Each of the two interleaved fingers 102 is configured in the same manner as shown in FIG. 2 and represents a part of the periodic structure shown in FIG. 1, and thus the acoustic resonator 100 may function as an XBAR. The RF potentials of periodically opposite polarity are fed to the interleaved fingers 102, thereby creating a time-varying electric field between the fingers. The direction of the electric field E is lateral and oppositely directed in the neighboring sections of the piezoelectric membrane 104, as indicated by the solid arrows labeled “E” . For a correctly chosen piezoelectric material having a large e1, 5 piezo module, the lateral electric field causes shear deformations, resulting in the excitation of the A1 mode of the acoustic wave in the piezoelectric membrane 104. The shear deformations are shown in FIG. 3 by means of curves 300, and the adjacent small, dotted arrows indicate the direction and amplitude of acoustic vibrations. Basically, it is a standing shear wave resonance. As also follows from FIG. 3, there is substantially no electric field under the interleaved fingers 102 themselves, and the A1-mode acoustic wave is only minimally excited in regions 302 under the interleaved fingers 102. On the vertical line passing through the middle of each finger 102, the horizontal electric field and the amplitude of horizontal displacement turn to zero due to the symmetry of the fields in the neighboring pitches of the IDT. Since the acoustic vibrations are almost not excited under the interleaved fingers 102, the acoustic energy coupled to the interleaved fingers 102 is low (i.e., almost all the acoustic energy is retained in the piezoelectric membrane 104) . This schematic illustration of the A1 mode of the acoustic wave also shows that the pedestals of the interleaved fingers 102 are positioned in nodes 304 of the acoustic wave (i.e., in the points where the acoustic wave has a zero or minimum amplitude) .
[0047] FIG. 4 shows a magnified sectional side view of one period comprising two interleaved fingers 102 of the IDT included in the acoustic resonator 100 according to a second exemplary embodiment. Again, this magnified sectional side view is taken inside the area defined by oval B in FIG. 1B. In FIG. 4, the left finger 102 is assumed to be connected to the busbar 110, and the right finger 102 is assumed to be connected to the busbar 112, with the busbars 110 and 112 serving as terminals which are fed with alternative (with opposite polarity) RF potentials. It should be noted that the dimensions of the interleaved fingers 102 and the piezoelectric membrane 104 are exaggerated in FIG. 4 for convenience –in practice, the thickness of the interleaved fingers 102 is usually smaller than the thickness of the piezoelectric membrane 104.
[0048] In the second exemplary embodiment, each of the fingers 102 is also configured as a multilayered structure that comprises a first (bottom) layer 400 and a second (top) layer 402. However, the second exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the second layer 402 is separated from the first layer 400 by means of two pedestals 404 and 406. The pedestals 404 and 406 are spaced from each other such that there is a gap g enclosed between them and each of the first layer 400 and the second layer 402. Again, each of the pedestals 404 and 406 may be provided close to the position corresponding to the node of the acoustic wave to be generated by the IDT in the piezoelectric membrane 104 at the resonant frequency. It is worth noting that the pedestals 404 and 406 should not be necessarily aligned with the edges of the layers 400 and 402; this is done in FIG. 4 for convenience. The first layer 400 and the second layer 402 may be made of the same materials as the first layer 200 and the second 202, respectively. Each of the pedestals 404 and 406 may be made of the same material as the pedestal 204. Similarly, the dimensions (i.e., thicknesses and widths) of the first layer 400, the second layer 402 and the pedestals 404 and 406 may be defined based on λ; the same is true for the pitch p.
[0049] It should be noted that the acoustic resonator 100 comprising the set of fingers 102 configured as shown in FIG. 4 may function as an YBAR and excites either the SH1 mode or A1 mode, depending on the piezoelectric material used in the acoustic resonator 100 (e.g., LN having an X-cut with Euler angles (90, 90, 30) or (0, 90, 0) may excite the SH1 mode) . In this case, it is also preferable if the width of each finger 102 ranges from 0.5 λ to 10.0 λ, the pedestals 404 and 406 are much narrower compared to the fingers 102, and the gap g is less than or equal to λ / 2. Furthermore, YBARs have a metallization ratio (i.e., the ratio of the finger width to the pitch) is typically larger than 0.7.
[0050] In some embodiments, some of the interleaved fingers 102 (either configured as shown in FIG. 2 or in FIG. 4) at the ends of the IDT of the acoustic resonator 100 may be implemented as short-circuited electrodes serving as reflectors. In other embodiments, the acoustic resonator 100 may additionally have grooves or etched edges on either side of the IDT.
[0051] FIGs. 5A-5C show exemplary admittance curves each illustrating the absolute value of admittance Y11 (solid curve) and its real part Re (Y11) (dashed curve) with a logarithmic vertical scale for one of three different A1-mode XBARs. More specifically, FIG. 5A shows the admittance curve for the XBAR comprising single-layer Al interleaved fingers having a thickness of 10 nm (i.e., as if one uses only the bottom layer 200 in each finger) , FIG. 5B shows the admittance curve for the XBAR comprising single-layer Al interleaved fingers having a thickness of 210 nm (i.e., as if one uses only the top layer 202 in each finger) , and FIG. 5C shows the admittance curve for the XBAR (i.e., the acoustic resonator 100) comprising the multi-layered interleaved fingers 102 configured as shown in FIG. 2. Each of the XBARs is assumed to excite the A1 mode having a displacement in direction 1 (i.e., horizontal direction in FIG. 2) , and acoustic vibrations mainly take place between the interleaved fingers of the XBAR. The acoustic resonator 100 functioning as the A1-mode XBAR in this case has had the following parameters:
[0052] It should be noted that the above-given number of the interleaved fingers 102, i.e., “100” , should not be construed as any limitation of the present disclosure -it may be smaller or larger depending on a desired admittance level.
[0053] As follows from FIG. 5C, a resonance frequency Fr is equal to 3125 MHz, an anti-resonance frequency Fa is equal to 3775 MHz, a piezo-coupling factor is equal to 36.1%, and a Resonance-anti-Resonance (R-aR) frequency spacing is equal to 18.9%. For comparison, the admittance curve illustrated in FIG. 5A for the XBAR comprising the thin single-layer interleaved fingers shows that the Q factor at the resonance frequency Fr is much lower and the impedance at the resonance is higher due to the high resistivity of such thin single-layer interleaved fingers. As for the XBAR comprising the thick single-layer interleaved fingers, its admittance curve becomes not usable for filter designs, as can be seen in FIG. 5B –this is because the thick fingers lead to the generation of two strong parasitic resonances.
[0054] [Rectified under Rule 91, 13.10.2023]Thus, the multi-layered finger design with the gap g between the first and second layers 200 and 202 not only improves the Q-factor (see FIG. 5C) , but also provides the low level of Ohmic / resistive heating in the second (top) electrode 202 (because of its low resistivity) , as well as also guarantees efficient heat evacuation along the second (top) electrode 202 made of a material having an excellent thermal conductivity.
[0055] FIGs. 6A-6C show exemplary admittance curves each illustrating the absolute value of admittance Y11 (solid curve) and its real part Re (Y11) (dashed curve) with a logarithmic vertical scale for one of three different A1-mode YBARs. More specifically, FIG. 6A shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising single-layer Al interleaved fingers having a thickness of 10 nm (i.e., as if one uses only the bottom layer 400 in each finger) , FIG. 6B shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising single-layer Al interleaved fingers having a thickness of 230 nm (i.e., as if one uses only the top layer 402 in each finger) , and FIG. 6C shows the admittance curve for the YBAR (i.e., the acoustic resonator 100) comprising the multi-layered interleaved fingers 102 configured as shown in FIG. 4. Each of the YBARs is assumed to excite the A1 mode having a displacement in direction 1 (i.e., horizontal direction in FIG. 4) , and acoustic vibrations mainly take place under the interleaved fingers of the YBAR. The acoustic resonator 100 functioning as the A1-mode YBAR in this case has had the following parameters:
[0056] It should be noted that other cuts of LN may also be used, such as the one with a large module e3, 13 (here, as an example, it is the LN cut determined by Euler angles (0.90, 90) ) .
[0057] As follows from FIG. 6C, Fr is equal to 3358 MHz, Fa is equal to 3651 MHz, is equal to 18.3%, and the R-aR frequency spacing is equal to 8.4%. For comparison, one can see in FIGs. 6A and 6B that the YBARs comprising the thin and thick single-layer interleaved fingers have worse admittance curves than that of the YBAR comprising the fingers 102 configured as shown in FIG. 4. In case of the thin single-layer interleaved fingers, the Q-factor becomes worse at the resonance frequency, while the R-aR frequency spacing is strongly reduced in case of the thick single-layer interleaved fingers.
[0058] FIGs. 7A-7C show exemplary admittance curves each illustrating the absolute value of admittance Y11 (solid curve) and its real part Re (Y11) (dashed curve) with a logarithmic vertical scale for one of three different SH1-mode YBARs. More specifically, FIG. 7A shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising single-layer Al interleaved fingers having a thickness of 20 nm (i.e., as if one uses only the bottom layer 400 in each finger) , FIG. 7B shows the admittance curve for the YBAR comprising single-layer Al interleaved fingers having a thickness of 360 nm (i.e., as if one uses only the top layer 402 in each finger) , and FIG. 7C shows the admittance curve for the YBAR (i.e., the acoustic resonator 100) comprising the multi-layered interleaved fingers 102 configured as shown in FIG. 4. Each of the YBARs is assumed to excite the SH1 mode having a displacement in direction 2 (i.e., in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 4) , and acoustic vibrations mainly take place under the interleaved fingers of the YBAR. The acoustic resonator 100 functioning as the SH1-mode YBAR in this case has had the following parameters:
[0059] As above, the number of the interleaved fingers 102 (i.e., “100” ) and the value of the aperture AP (i.e., “40 ·p” ) are given as an example, and may be modified in a wide range to achieve a desirable level of the static capacitance of the acoustic resonator 100 and abs (Y11) far from resonance. In this case, to provide the SH1-mode, the Y-cut of LN (0, 90, 0) has been used. It should be also noted that the above-given parameters of the acoustic resonator functioning as the SH1-mode YBAR are not optimized to achieve, for example, maximal piezo-coupling.
[0060] As follows from FIG. 7C, Fr is equal to 2078 MHz, Fa is equal to 2268 MHz, is equal to 19.1%, and the R-aR frequency spacing is equal to 8.8%. From FIG. 7A, one can conclude that the thin single-layer interleaved fingers give additional resistivity and decrease the Q-factor. According to FIG. 7B, the thick single-layer interleaved fingers decrease the piezo-coupling and can generate additional parasitic resonances, making such an YBAR not usable in many cases. The proposed finger design shown in FIG. 4 solves these issues, providing simultaneously the high Q-factor at the resonance frequency, strong piezo-coupling and good power-handling capability (because of low heat generation and its fast evacuation) .
[0061] Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein, it should be noted that any various changes and modifications could be made in the embodiments of the present disclosure, without departing from the scope of legal protection which is defined by the appended claims. In the appended claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or operations, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
Claims
1.An acoustic resonator comprising:a piezoelectric substrate; andan interdigital transducer (IDT) provided on the piezoelectric substrate;wherein the IDT comprises a set of interleaved fingers each configured as a multilayered structure that comprises a first layer and a second layer, the second layer being provided over the first layer and separated from the first layer by at least one pedestal;wherein each of the first layer, the second layer and the at least one pedestal has a thickness and width that are defined based on a wavelength λ of an acoustic wave to be generated by the IDT in the piezoelectric substrate at a resonant frequency of the acoustic resonator;wherein the thickness of the first layer is smaller than the thickness of each of the at least one pedestal and the second layer, and the width of the at least one pedestal is smaller than the width of each of the first layer and the second layer.2.The acoustic resonator of claim 1, wherein the at least one pedestal in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers comprises a single pedestal provided such that there is a gap on either side of the pedestal between the first layer and the second layer.3.The acoustic resonator of claim 2, wherein the pedestal in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers is provided in a position corresponding to a node of the acoustic wave.4.The acoustic resonator of claim 1, wherein the at least one pedestal in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers comprises two pedestals spaced from each other such that there is a gap enclosed between the two pedestals and each of the first layer and the second layer.5.The acoustic resonator of claim 4, wherein each of the two pedestals in each finger of the set of interleaved fingers is provided in a position corresponding to a node of the acoustic wave.6.The acoustic resonator of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the gap is filled with a material having an acoustic impedance at least 3 times lower than an acoustic impedance of each finger of the set of interleaved fingers.7.The acoustic resonator of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first layer is made of a first conductive material, the second layer is made of a second conductive material, and the at least one pedestal is made of a third conductive material, and wherein the first conductive material is different from or the same as the second conductive material, and the third conductive material is different from the first conductive material and the second conductive material or the same as the first conductive material or the second conductive material.8.The acoustic resonator of claim 7, wherein the first conductive material has lower acoustic losses compared to the second conductive material, and the second conductive material has a higher electric conductivity and a higher thermal conductivity compared to the first conductive material.9.The acoustic resonator of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the piezoelectric substrate is made of one of lithium niobate (LN) , lithium tantalate (LT) , aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) , lithium iodate (LiIO3) , zinc oxide (ZnO) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) .10.The acoustic resonator of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the piezoelectric substrate is configured as a layered structure comprising a non-piezoelectric supporting layer and a piezoelectric membrane provided on the non-piezoelectric supporting layer, the IDT being provided on the piezoelectric membrane, the piezoelectric membrane having a thickness ranging from 0.1λ to 2λ.11.The acoustic resonator of claim 10, wherein the piezoelectric membrane is made of one of LN, LT, Al (Sc) N, LiIO3, ZnO and PZT.12.The acoustic resonator of claim 10 or 11, wherein the non-piezoelectric supporting layer is made of a material having an acoustic velocity equal to or higher than 4000 m / s.13.The acoustic resonator of claim 12, wherein the non-piezoelectric supporting layer is made of one of silicon (Si) , silicon carbide (SiC) , boron nitride (BN) , diamond and quartz.14.The acoustic resonator of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the non-piezoelectric supporting layer has a cavity, and wherein the piezoelectric membrane is provided on the non-piezoelectric supporting layer such that the set of interleaved fingers of the IDT is suspended over the cavity, the piezoelectric membrane having a thickness equal to about λ / 2.
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