Method and system for waste management in multi-storey buildings

Abstract

The invention relates to public services and is intended for the collection, sorting and transportation of solid domestic waste (SDW) from residential and public buildings and structures with several or multiple storeys. The technical result is a circuit of devices for the semi-automated collection and complete sorting of SDW according to type, involving a waste collection package for the corresponding type of SDW for processing, and the delivery of said package from an apartment via a conduit and a waste pipe to a container for the removal of waste according to type. The design of the method and system lies in waste collection packages, a system of compartments enclosed in a cupboard inside an apartment or room, openings into a conduit, and a conduit connecting the system of compartments to a hopper of a waste pipe, with a device for reading a barcode on a waste collection package, a modular transmitter for transmitting data to a server, control units for the hopper and for a system for damping the gravitational speed of a straight vertical fall inside the shaft of the waste pipe, and with a control unit and mechanism for pivoting a chute in order to distribute the waste collection packages according to the type of waste among containers for removal or for loading into a vehicle.

Description

[0001] Method, system of waste management in multi-storey buildings

[0002] The invention relates to public utilities and is intended for the collection, sorting and transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW) from multi-level and multi-story, including high-rise residential and public buildings and structures.

[0003] According to patent FR / 2821873 / , the installation comprises a manifold mounted on a frame and communicating with a rotating chute, driven by a transmission and controlled activation of the switches of the hopper selection box. Sleeves hermetically connect the hatches and the manifold.

[0004] A system and method for separate waste collection are known / WO2023153961 / , which describes a system for separate waste collection, for example, for apartment buildings equipped with garbage chutes, including those equipped with a separate waste disposal system, containing on the floors of the buildings containers - waste storage for manual sorting of waste with individual distinguishing features, each of which is intended for a certain fraction of waste, electronic devices for users to enter an individual digital password for accounting for waste fractions, pressure sensors for weighing waste fractions, characterized in that, for filling waste into the containers - waste storage, each of which is intended for a certain fraction of waste, removable transformable garbage bags are used, made of durable and waterproof, optionally biodegradable material and / or material suitable for recycling,with the possibility of closing or sealing the bags after they are filled with a certain fraction of waste, the dimensions of the bags when filled ensure the unimpeded discharge of filled bags through the building's waste chute, the strength characteristics of the bags provide them with protection from mechanical damage when filled bags fall in the building's waste chute and during further sorting and transportation of bags filled with waste, while the outer surfaces of the bags contain visual markings indicating the fraction of waste for which the bag is intended, as well as, as an option, a bar code for automated identification and recording of information about the fraction of waste and the user of the building's premises to whom this bag was issued for the collection and sorting of waste, etc.,

[0005] The disadvantage of these methods is the clogging, jamming and clogging of especially inclined branch channels, sleeves and the transition point in the common chute or collector, since the angle of inclination of branch channels and sleeves allows for the adhesion and deposition of bags with garbage, which leads to clogging and contamination of the garbage chute. Also, a one-time discharge of garbage in bags from two different hatches will create a volume of falling waste exceeding the volume of the common chute or collector.

[0006] A garbage chute for multi-story, high-rise residential and public buildings described in the patent for invention RK No. 34150 is known. According to the patent / RK No. 34150 / , the garbage chute design consists of a shaft with a loading device (one or two loading devices on each floor) equipped with a smoke detection sensor, fire extinguishing systems, disinfection and automatic selection, reading and alternate ejection by an ejection fairing into the channel of the shaft of a garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage of one type, and with a reading device for determining the type of garbage from the bar code on the garbage collection package, and also having a control unit on each loading device interconnected with the control units of other loading devices, a control unit for the system for damping the gravitational speed of a direct vertical fall in the channel of the garbage chute shaft of a garbage collection package filled with garbage, and with a control unit for the chute rotation mechanism,driven by a transmission that directs and separates the garbage collection packages in the form of a capsule filled with garbage into containers by type of garbage, each of which is designed to collect capsules filled with one type of garbage. In this case, the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage has dimensions approximately close to the diameter of the barrel channel of the garbage chute, which allows the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule to fall strictly vertically along the length and freely, without having the ability to adhere to the barrel channel, get stuck in the barrel channel and hit the garbage collection package against the barrel channel leading to damage or depressurization of the capsule. The material of manufacture of the garbage collection package (container) in the form of a capsule depends on the type of garbage being filled and there is a barcode on the outside of the garbage collection package for reading with a reading device of the type of garbage, for further information supply to the control unit for the correct sorting of solid waste.

[0007] The disadvantage of this invention is the need to initially collect and sort waste by type into separate waste collection packages in apartments or premises, which will need to be manually carried to loading devices one by one, loaded into the loading device, which is ineffective in terms of loss of time and labor costs for performing the above operations.

[0008] The objective of the invention is to create a method and system for the efficient collection, sorting and preparation for transportation of separate waste removal for convenient delivery directly to manufacturing plants for processing as secondary raw materials, and organic waste to special biogas plants for processing into energy and biohumus, which is ensured by a system consisting of a system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages for each apartment or room, a channel leading from the system of cells to the loading device and the garbage chute itself with a chute rotation mechanism for the safe direction of waste collection packages to the appropriate container for removal or reloading from these containers onto a vehicle.

[0009] The technical result is a cycle of devices for semi-automated collection and complete sorting by type of solid waste with waste collection packaging of the corresponding type of solid waste for processing, and delivery from the apartment through a channel and garbage chute to a container for waste removal by type.

[0010] This is achieved by the fact that the method and system for collecting, sorting and preparing for separate waste removal consists of waste collection packages in the form of a capsule, each of which is filled with a separate type of waste, a system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages for each apartment or room located in the apartment or inside the room in a closet, ejector fairings with waste collection packages in the form of a capsule filled with waste, located in the closet, openings to the channel connecting with the garbage chute, located behind the wall of the room (apartment), a channel connecting the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages with a loading device of the garbage chute,in the form of a rigid structure box with access hatches for maintenance and a carriage with a reversible servo drive and a wheel moving along guide strips for moving the carriage wheels to the loading device and back by switching the carriage movement limiters, and the garbage chute itself with loading devices (one or two loading devices on each floor), equipped with a smoke detection sensor, fire extinguishing systems, disinfection and automatic selection, reading and alternate ejection by an ejection fairing into the barrel channel of a garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage of one type, and with a reading device for determining the type of garbage from a barcode (or QR code) on the garbage collection package, a modular data transmitter to the server, and also having a control unit on each loading device interconnected with the control units of other loading devices,a control unit and a system for damping the gravitational speed of a direct vertical fall in the channel of the garbage chute shaft of a garbage collection package filled with garbage, and with a control unit for the mechanism for rotating the chute and the mechanism itself, driven by a transmission that directs and separates garbage collection packages in the form of a capsule filled with garbage into containers by type of garbage, each of which is designed to collect capsules filled with one type of garbage with a chute rotation mechanism for the safe direction of garbage collection packages to the appropriate container for removal or reloading from these containers onto a vehicle.

[0011] In this case, the waste collection package in the form of a capsule filled with waste has dimensions approximately close to the diameter of the channel of the garbage chute trunk, which allows the waste collection package in the form of a capsule to fall strictly vertically along the length and freely, without the possibility of adhesion to the channel of the trunk, getting stuck in the channel of the trunk and hitting the waste collection package against the channel of the trunk leading to a violation or depressurization of the capsule. The material of manufacture of the waste collection package (container) in the form of a capsule depends on the type of filled waste and on the outside of the waste collection package there is a bar code (or QR code) for reading with a reading device the type of waste, for further information supply to the control unit for the correct sorting of solid waste.

[0012] Fig. 1 shows a method and system for collecting, sorting, and preparing for separate removal of waste in multi-story, high-rise residential and public buildings, in a section to show the movement of waste collection packaging.

[0013] Fig. 2 shows a system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages in a cabinet, with a transition through an opening to a channel connecting to a garbage chute, located behind the wall of a room (apartment), in section.

[0014] Fig. 3 shows a section of a channel connecting a system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages with a loading device of a garbage chute.

[0015] Fig. 4 shows the loading device of the garbage chute, in the position of being loaded with a garbage collection package filled with garbage, viewed from above.

[0016] Fig. 5 shows the loading device in the position of pushing the waste collection package into the channel of the waste chute shaft, viewed from above.

[0017] Fig. 6 shows a waste collection package (container) in the form of a capsule filled with waste.

[0018] The garbage chute consists of:

[0019] The system for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages consists of:

[0020] 1 - a cabinet with a system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages;

[0021] 2 - cell in the ejection fairing, located in the cabinet;

[0022] 3 - a garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage; 4 - an ejector fairing of a garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage, located in a cabinet;

[0023] 5 - a holder for waste collection packaging in the cell of the ejection fairing located in the cabinet;

[0024] 6 - scales under the ejector fairing cell for installing waste collection packaging in the form of a capsule;

[0025] 7 - reversible servo drive of the ejection fairing in the cabinet;

[0026] 8 - gear wheel of the ejector fairing in the cabinet;

[0027] 9 - guide toothed strip of the ejector fairing in the cabinet;

[0028] 10 - limiter of movement of the ejection fairing in the cabinet;

[0029] 11 - opening of the channel connecting to the garbage chute, located behind the wall of the room (apartment);

[0030] 12 - damper limiter of movement of the ejector fairing in the cabinet;

[0031] 13 - control unit for the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages;

[0032] 14 - indicator on the control panel of the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages;

[0033] 15 - a carriage cell located in the channel for delivering waste collection packaging along the channel to the loading device;

[0034] 16 - a channel connecting the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages with the loading device of the garbage chute, in the form of a rigid box with access hatches for maintenance;

[0035] 17 - garbage chute loading device;

[0036] 18 - lower holder of waste collection packaging in the carriage cell;

[0037] 19 - reversible carriage servo drive;

[0038] 20 - a carriage for moving the waste collection package to the loading device, located in the channel connecting the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages with the loading device of the waste chute;

[0039] 21 - guide strips for moving the carriage wheels from the initial position under the opening for loading the waste collection package to the loading device of the waste chute and back to the initial position;

[0040] 22 - carriage damper stops;

[0041] 23 - pneumatic cylinder of the waste collection package holder in the carriage cell;

[0042] 24 - lever of the waste collection package holder in the carriage cell;

[0043] 25 - ejection fairing, waste collection packaging in the form of a capsule filled with waste, located in the loading device;

[0044] 26 - a retainer for waste collection packaging in the form of a capsule filled with waste;

[0045] 27 - smoke sensor;

[0046] 28 - fire extinguisher;

[0047] 29 - nozzles with a fire extinguishing pipe system; 30 - disinfectant in a bottle;

[0048] 31 - nozzles with a system of disinfectant pipes;

[0049] 32 - loading device box;

[0050] 33 - garbage chute trunk (channel);

[0051] 34 - holes in the garbage chute shaft, located in the lower part of the loading device box;

[0052] 35 - barcode (or QR code) on waste collection packaging;

[0053] 36 - a device for reading the barcode of a waste collection package in the form of a capsule filled with waste with a modular data transmitter to the server;

[0054] 37 - loading device control unit;

[0055] 38 - control unit of the gravity speed damping system;

[0056] 39 - control unit of the chute rotation mechanism;

[0057] 40 - chute rotation mechanism;

[0058] 41 - containers, each of which is designed to collect one type of waste;

[0059] 42 - a lattice partition with pneumatic cylinders for opening and closing the opening between the garbage chute channel and the loading device;

[0060] 43 - reversible servo drive of the ejector fairing;

[0061] 44 - gear wheel of the ejector fairing;

[0062] 45 - guide toothed bar of the ejector fairing;

[0063] 46 - modular data transmitter to the server;

[0064] 47 - a system for damping the gravitational speed from a vertical fall of a garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage;

[0065] 48, 49 - transmission of the chute rotation mechanism;

[0066] 50 - chute leading to containers by waste type;

[0067] 51 - a damper limiter for the movement of the ejection fairing, a garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage, located in the loading device;

[0068] El, E2, E3, etc. - the level or floor of the building where the garbage chute is located.

[0069] The invention is carried out as follows.

[0070] The present invention is illustrated by a specific example, which clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result with the given set of features, but is not the only possible one.

[0071] Example.

[0072] In each apartment or room there is a cabinet 1 with a built-in system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages by type, waste collection packages 3 in the form of capsules filled with separate types of waste are loaded into the designated cells 2, in a vertical position by height, adjoining the ejection fairing 4, fixed on the other side by the retainer 5, resting on the bottom bar it lies on the scales 6. When the waste collection package 3 is filled with garbage or the required weight is reached, the servo drive of the ejection fairing 7 is triggered, setting in motion the gear wheel 8, moving along the guide toothed bar 9. When the limiter 10 is reached, the ejection fairing 4 pushes the filled waste collection package 3 into the opening of the channel 11 and the ejection fairing 4 moves to the initial position after reaching the damper limiter 12, by triggering servo drive 7 in the opposite direction.After the ejection fairing 4 of the damper limiter 12 reaches its initial position on the control unit 13, the indicator 14 of the need to fill with waste collection packaging 3 is triggered, and the filled waste collection packaging sent into the channel opening falls into the cell of the carriage 15 located in the channel 16 of the waste chute 17 supplied to the upper part of the loading device.Then, as the weight of the waste collection package 3 presses the lower holder 18, the servo drive of the carriage 19 is switched on and the carriage 20 moves along the guide strips 21 for moving the carriage wheels, towards the loading device 17 and upon reaching the damper limiters of the carriage 22, the lower holder of the carriage 18 is lowered downwards by actuating the pneumatic cylinder 23, the pulling lever of the holder 24 and the filled waste collection package 3 falls into the loading device of the garbage chute 17, in a vertical position along the length, adjoining on one side on the ejection fairing 25, on the other side held by the retainer 26.After loading the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage into the loading device, above which there is a smoke sensor 27, which determines within a few minutes of waiting the presence of smoke from the ignition of the loaded garbage collection package filled with garbage and, if present, a signal is sent to trigger the fire extinguisher 28, which extinguishes the garbage collection package filled with garbage through nozzles with a system of fire extinguishing pipes 29.Also, if there is hydrogen sulfide or methane in the air, determined by the sensor, spraying with a disinfectant filled in a bottle 30 is carried out, through nozzles with a system of pipes for supplying disinfectant 31 of a garbage collection package filled with garbage, from the surface of which liquids flow into the lower part of the box of the loading device 32, having an inclined bottom towards the trunk of the garbage chute 33, which then flows through openings 34 located in the wall of the trunk of the garbage chute in the lower part of the box of the loading device 32 into the channel of the trunk of the garbage chute 33.Further, when the transported garbage package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage 3 is safe and after reading the barcode on the garbage package 35 using the device for reading the barcode of the garbage collection package 36, a signal is sent through the control unit of the loading device 37 to the control units of other loading devices 37 located on the trunk of the garbage chute 33, to the control unit of the system for damping the gravitational speed of a direct vertical fall 38 in the channel of the trunk of the garbage chute 33 of the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage 3, as well as to the control unit 39 of the rotation mechanism of the chute 40 for directing to containers by type of garbage 41.After the signal, the lattice partition between the barrel channel and the loading device 42 opens and the reversible servo drive 43 is triggered, rotating the gear wheels 44 along the guide toothed bars 45, and setting in motion the ejection fairing 25, which ejects the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage 3 into the channel of the barrel of the garbage chute 33, where the garbage collection package 3 falls vertically along the channel of the barrel of the garbage chute 33 under the force of gravity, without engaging with the channel of the barrel of the garbage chute 33, which ensures approximately close dimensions of the diameter of the barrel channel of the garbage chute and the diameter of the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule 3, and the shape of the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule 3. After ejecting the garbage collection package 3, the ejection fairing 25 returns to its original position, and the lattice partition 42 closes.Also, after receiving a signal to the control unit of the gravity speed damping system 38, the speed damping system from the vertical fall of the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage 47 is switched on, and upon receiving a signal to the control unit of the chute rotation mechanism 39, the chute rotation mechanism 40 is triggered to direct it to containers by type of garbage 41 through the transmissions of the chute rotation mechanism 48, 49. Thus, the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage 3, through the chute 50 falls into the container 41, which matches the type of garbage collected. In the lower part of the garbage chute there are containers 41 for organic waste, for paper and cardboard, for collecting glass, for collecting plastic, for collecting dust, residues of sandy and clay building materials and a separate container for collecting liquid from washing the disinfectant and liquid from fire extinguishing.In accordance with the types of waste (MSW) collected, waste collection packages in the form of a capsule filled with waste are made from materials with properties similar to those of the waste types when processed, for example, bioplastic for collecting organic waste, plastic for collecting plastic products, cardboard for collecting paper and cardboard, fiberglass for collecting glass and separately from material further processed into building material for collecting dust, sand and clay building material residues.The waste collection packages in the form of a capsule have a bar code or QR code 35 on the outside for reading and determining the type of waste being collected and the purpose of the waste collection package, as well as collecting data on the types of waste, their quantity in volumes and weights, for each user and in general for planning the timely dispatch of vehicles for waste removal and mutual settlements for the waste received and services rendered, through a modular transmitter 46, next to the device for reading the bar code (or QR code) of the waste collection package, to the server.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A method and waste management system for multi-story buildings, consisting of capsule-shaped waste collection packages, each filled with a separate type of waste, a system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages for each apartment or room located in the apartment or inside the room in a cabinet, ejector fairings with capsule-shaped waste collection packages filled with waste, located in the cabinet, openings to a channel connecting with a garbage chute, located behind the wall of the room (apartment), a channel connecting the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages with a loading device of the garbage chute,in the form of a rigid box with access hatches for maintenance and a carriage with a reversible servo drive and a wheel moving along guide strips for moving the carriage wheels to the loading device and back by switching the carriage movement limiters, and the garbage chute itself with loading devices (one or two loading devices on each floor), equipped with a smoke detector, fire extinguishing systems, disinfection and automatic selection, reading and sequential ejection of the ejection fairing into the barrel channel of the garbage collection package in the form of a capsule filled with garbage of one type, and with a reading device for determining the type of garbage from the barcode (or QR code) on the garbage collection package, a modular data transmitter to the server, and also having a control unit on each loading device interconnected with the control units of other loading devices,a control unit and a system for damping the gravitational speed of a direct vertical fall in the channel of the garbage chute shaft of a garbage collection package filled with garbage, and with a control unit for the chute rotation mechanism and the mechanism itself, driven by a transmission, which directs and separates garbage collection packages in the form of a capsule filled with garbage into containers by type of garbage, each of which is designed to collect capsules filled with one type of garbage with a chute rotation mechanism for the safe direction of garbage collection packages to the appropriate container for removal or reloading from these containers onto a vehicle, is characterized in that this method and system for collecting, sorting and preparing for separate removal of garbage allows for sorting by type of waste into separate garbage collection packages according to the material corresponding to the type of waste,from the zero point of waste generation and the presented method and system delivers filled waste collection containers with waste to the waste removal point in separate form without the use of a manual carrying and / or removal system in between works, garbage, in a semi-automatic mode, requiring only manual filling of the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages by type, waste collection packaging at the initial stage.

2. The method and system for waste management in multi-story buildings according to paragraph 1, is distinguished by the fact that the method and system for collecting, sorting and preparing for separate waste removal is equipped with a system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages for each apartment or room located in the apartment or inside the room in a closet, when filled to the required level or by weight, it is dropped by an ejector fairing into the opening of the channel connecting with the garbage chute, and goes directly into the cell of the carriage located in the channel for delivering the waste collection package along the channel to the loading device and is loaded from above into the loading device of the garbage chute.

3. The method and system for waste management in multi-story buildings according to paragraph 1, is characterized in that the method and system for collecting, sorting and preparing for separate waste removal for each apartment or room is provided with a channel connecting the system of cells for collecting and sorting solid household waste into separate waste collection packages with the loading device of the garbage chute, in the form of a box of a rigid structure with the presence of operational hatches for access for technical maintenance and a carriage with a reversible servo drive and a wheel moving along guide strips for moving the wheels of the carriage to the loading device and back by switching the movement limiters of the carriage.

4. The method, the system for managing garbage in multi-story buildings according to paragraph 1, is characterized in that the carriage, when moving along the guide bars towards the loading device and upon reaching the damper stops of the carriage of the wall of the garbage chute above the loading device, the lower holder of the carriage is lowered downwards by the operation of the pneumatic cylinder of the pulling lever of the holder and the filled garbage collection package falls into the loading device of the garbage chute.

5. The method, the waste management system in multi-story buildings according to paragraph 1, is characterized in that in the loading device, in the presence of hydrogen sulfide or methane in the air, determined by a sensor, the waste collection packaging is sprayed with a disinfectant from a bottle filled with it.

6. The method, the waste management system in multi-story buildings according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the waste collection packages in the form of a capsule have a bar code or QR code on the outside for reading and determining the type of waste being collected and the purpose of the waste collection package, as well as collecting data on the types of waste, their quantity in volume and weight, for each user and in general for planning the timely dispatch of vehicles for waste removal and mutual settlements for the waste received and services rendered, through a modular transmitter, next to a device for reading the barcode (or QR code) of waste collection packaging, to the server.

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