Structured glass back panel
A structured glass back panel with varying bending stiffness and a recessed edge addresses the mechanical reliability and handling challenges of metal back plates, enhancing stability and impact resistance for flexible electronic displays.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/122633
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing metal back plates for flexible electronic displays are prone to fatigue, creep, and weight issues, which affect long-term mechanical reliability and display quality, and require cut-outs for optical and ultrasonic fingerprint sensors.
A structured glass back panel with varying bending stiffness, achieved through stiffness-reducing patterning with openings, and a recessed edge to improve handling and stability, reducing the risk of breakage during processing.
The structured glass back panel enhances handling and stability during processing, improves impact resistance, and reduces the risk of breakage, while maintaining flexibility and display quality.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023122633_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Structured glass back panel
[0001] SpecificationField of the invention
[0002] The invention generally concerns a structured glass panel useable as a back panel or support for an electronic display, particularly a display of a mobile device. In particular, the invention concerns a back panel or carrier for a flexible electronic display.Background
[0003] Flexible and in particular foldable electronic displays have been subject to intense research and development. Providing a display, which is both flexible and durable, has been proven to be challenging.
[0004] According to typical foldable display stack designs, a back-plate is provided between the bottom layer of the OLED display and rigid copper plates in the non-foldable sections. Typically, a structured metal plate is used as back-plate to flexibly support the display and reduce the folding resistance by providing a tuned folding force through local structuring. Typically, stainless steel or titanium with a thickness of about 0.15 mm is used for this back-plate.
[0005] US 2022 / 0103672 A1 discloses a flexible display with a glass layer including a plurality of openings filled with a filling material. Different shapes of the opening are shown. Because the glass layer is on top of the display layer and facing the user, the refractive index of the filling material is required to match the glass. For mechanical support, a metal sheet plate, preferably from stainless steel and reinforcing plates in the non-folding areas of the display are proposed, both of which are disposed below the display layer. The metal sheet plate can include a folding area.
[0006] Similarly, US 2021 / 0337686 A1 discloses a metal hinge element used as a back-plate for flexible displays. The publication also describes that the metal plate may include at least one layer disposed between the display module and the metal plate or on the rear surface of the metal plate, e.g., for adhesion, impact absorption, heat dissipation or sensing inputs from external devices.
[0007] However, there are certain disadvantages of a setup with a metal back plate:
[0008] 1) Metal is not transparent, and therefore for in-display optical fingerprint sensors, cut-outs are required for metal plates.
[0009] 2) As well, metal may reduce the sensitivity of ultrasonic waves, and therefore for in-display ultrasonic fingerprint sensors, cut-outs are also required in this case.
[0010] 3) Density of metal is high, and therefore such a plate adds a decent amount of weight to the mobile device.
[0011] 4) Metal is prone to fatigue (strength degradation after load cycles) and creep (continuous deformation occurs at stresses below the yield strength) and thus metal lacks long term mechanical reliability.
[0012] 5) A metal surface in general is rougher compared to glass. Because OLED panels are thin and soft, the surface condition of the back-plate will be reflected to the front surface of the display after the panel is tightly laminated to the back-plate. And metal’s rougher surface will deteriorate the display quality.
[0013] To circumvent some of the disadvantages of current metal back plates, recently, glass back plates have been tested. For flexibility, glasses were structured in the bending area to provide a flexible bending region with adjacent rigid support areas in the non-folding areas of the display device. To add additional support to the structured area, the structures may be filled with a polymer. It is possible to provide a certain conductivity to the back plate and to coat the entire glass from both sides with a polymer that may contain some conductive additives, such as metal particles or the like. A back plate or carrier for an electronic device constructed this way is known from PCT / CN2022 / 121598.
[0014] However, the structured flexible region of such a glass plate is quite delicate and prone to damages such as breakage during handling and processing of the structured back plate. In particular, the handling during the etching and chemical toughening procedures has been shown to be difficult in this regard.
[0015] Object to be solved
[0016] With respect to these disadvantages of back panels for flexible displays, it is an object of the invention to improve handling during processing and provide increased stability. This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous refinements of the invention are defined in the respective dependent claims.Summary of the invention
[0017] According to the invention, a flat glass element for a carrier of an electronic display is provided, the flat glass element having two opposing side faces. The glass of the glass element has a varying bending stiffness along at least one line across the glass element. This varying bending stiffness is provided by at least one first section having a reduced bending stiffness with respect to the bending stiffness of second sections adjoining the at least one first section, so that the glass element is bendable at the first section. This way, the first section resembles a folding region. The reduced stiffness of the first section is achieved by a stiffness reducing patterning which comprises an arrangement of openings. To ease handling and improve stability, the edge of the glass element, which extends along both the first section and the second sections is recessed inwardly at the first section. The edge as used herein is understood as the contour of the glass element if viewed in top view, i.e. in direction onto one of the side faces. This means, that, for example if the glass element is placed with its edge onto a planar surface, then, the edge will be in contact to the surface at the second sections but will have a distance to the planar surface at the first section. Thus, the feature of a recessed edge also in particular means that the edge is recessed along its entire length at the first section. The aforementioned example illustrates the improved stability since a planar support surface does not touch the delicate edge region of the structured first section. By recessing the sensible structured area, impact resistance is improved and the risk for breakage upon side impact is significantly reduced.
[0018] The flat glass element for a carrier of an electronic display as described above may be produced with a method comprising the steps of:
[0019] - providing a glass pane having at least one recess at the edge of the glass pane, in particular by removing glass at the edge of the glass pane along a section thereof to produce the recess,
[0020] - reducing the bending stiffness in a first section by introducing a multitude of openings into the first section, the first section being arranged between two second sections adjoining the first section, wherein the first section extends across the glass pane so that the first section of the flat glass element produced from the glass pane terminates at the recess.
[0021] The production of the recess can be distributed into several steps. In one embodiment, the contour of the recess of the edge may be produced only partly in a first step together with the openings. However, a reinforcing element may remain connected to the glass pane via narrow webs. The completed contour may then be obtained after breaking the webs and removing the reinforcing element. This latter step may be done at a later stage, e.g. after finishing the structuring, chemical treatment and eventual coating steps. Thus, the sequence of the steps as above indicated may vary. However, it is preferred that the step of producing the recess is at least partly carried out before the introduction of the stiffness reducing structuring with the openings. This avoids that glass needs to be removed from the delicate edge of the first section after introducing the openings.Brief description of the drawings
[0022] The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0023] Fig. 1 is a top view onto a side face of a glass element.
[0024] Fig. 2 shows a top view of a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1.
[0025] Fig. 3 shows the variant of Fig. 2 in perspective view.
[0026] Fig. 4 shows a variant of a flat glass element with multiple first sections.
[0027] Fig . 5 shows the embodiment of Fig. 4 in folded state in a side view.
[0028] Figs. 6 to 9 illustrate method steps for producing a flat glass element.
[0029] Fig. 10 shows variants of the examples of Fig. 1 or Fig. 9.
[0030] Fig. 11 shows a cross section through a chemically strengthened flat glass element.
[0031] Fig. 12 shows an embodiment of a glass element with detachable bridge sections.
[0032] Fig. 13 shows an enlarged section of Fig. 12.
[0033] Fig. 14 shows a detail of the flat glass element at the recess after removing a bridge section.
[0034] Figs. 15 and 16 show variants of the embodiment of Fig. 12.
[0035] Fig. 17 shows an embodiment of a flat glass element with detachable brackets connected to the edge to facilitate handling of the flat glass element.
[0036] Figs. 18 to 19 show cross sections of variants of a carrier for an electronic display.
[0037] Fig. 20 shows an electronic display with a further variant of a carrier.Detailed description
[0038] Fig. 1 shows a top view onto one of the opposing side faces 50 of a flat glass element 5. The glass element 5 has a varying bending stiffness which is imparted by a stiffness reducing structuring 70 within a first section 7. The first section 7 is adjoined and centered between two second sections 6, 8. Due to the structuring 70, the bending stiffness of the glass element 5 is reduced within the first section 7 compared to the adjoining second sections 6, 8. This way, the glass element 5 may be easily bent, with a bending axis 24 that extends along the first section 7 and between the second sections 6, 8. The structuring 70 of the first section 7 comprises an arrangement of openings 19. Although the glass element 5 has a general rectangular outline, the edge 9 does not extend along a straight line between the second sections 6, 8 and the intermediate first section 7. It is generally preferred that the first section 7, as also shown in Fig. 1, extends all across the flat glass element 5 so that the first section 7 is terminated by the edge 9 on opposite sides. This way, the section 7 constitutes a hinge that may allow for folding the glass element 5 at the first section 7.
[0039] Generally and without restriction to the specific example as shown, the glass element 5 has a recess 93 at the first section 7 so that the edge 9 of the glass element 5 is recessed inwardly at the first section 7. Generally, without restriction to specific embodiments, this feature is to be understood in that the outermost part of the edge 9 within the first section 7 is recessed with respect to the position of the edge 9 at the adjoining second sections 6, 8. As can be further seen in Fig. 1 and according to a preferred embodiment, the section 91 of the edge 9 extending along the first section 7 is not continuous, but interrupted by openings 19. In other words, the edge 9 within the first section 7 cuts through openings 19. The general course of the edge 9 disregarding or bridging the truncated openings 19 is indicated by hatched lines. The features and appearance of the edge 9 within the first section 7, i.e. the feature of the edge 9 within the first section 7 being interrupted by openings 19 of the stiffness reducing structuring 70, is not restricted to the specific example as shown, but is a general preferred configuration of the glass element 5. This embodiment ensures a high flexibility of the glass element 5 also at the edge of the first section 7. According to a further general preferred embodiment, the openings 19 are arranged along a multitude of parallel rows 23. Further, the openings 19 are arranged in a staggered manner, as also realised in the depicted example. This arrangement provides a high flexibility of the first section 7. Due to the staggered arrangement, the edge 9 within section 90 can be positioned so that the edge 9 cuts through an opening 19 of every other row 23, as also realized in the shown example.
[0040] Coming along with the recessed part of the edge 9 along the first section 7, also, the edge 9 has inwardly tilted sections 91 at the transition from the second sections 6, 8 towards the first section 7.
[0041] Fig. 2 shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1. According to this variant, the edge 9 is at least partly chamfered along the second sections 6, 8. Fig. 3 shows a glass element 5 according to this embodiment in perspective view. For the sake of simplicity, the stiffness reducing structuring 70 with the openings 19 is omitted in Fig. 3.
[0042] Generally, it is advantageous if the edge 9 along at least a part of the second sections 6, 8 is chamfered, wherein the edge 9 along the section 90, i.e. along the first section 7 is not chamfered. For this purpose, it is advantageous, if the glass element 5 has a chamfer 11 extending at least partly along at least one of the second sections 6, 8, wherein the chamfer 11 ends at or before a boundary between the second section 6, 8 and the adjoining first section 7. In one embodiment, which is also implemented in the examples of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the chamfer 11 ends at the inwardly tilted section 91 of the edge 9. The connection between two opposite sections 91 in the examples also constitutes the boundary between the first section 7 and the second sections 6, 8. To avoid a chamfer at the first section 7, it is further preferred that the depth of the recess 93 of the edge 9 along the first section 7 is greater than the depth of the chamfer 11 measured inwards along the respective chamfered side face 50, 51. If seen in top view like in Fig. 2, the chamfer 11 is visible as a stripe extending from the edge 9 inwards. The width of this stripe, accordingly, is the depth of the chamfer 11. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the width of the chamfer stripe is slightly smaller than the depth of the recess 93.
[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the flat glass element 5 has a thickness of 0.3 mm to 1.1 mm. Generally, without restriction to the glass thickness range as given above, according to a further preferred embodiment, the recess 93 has a depth of at least half the thickness of the flat glass element 5. This way, a facet like chamfer angled at 45° to the side face 50, 51 does not extend into the edge along the first section.
[0044] The examples shown so far had a single first section 7 with reduced bending stiffness. However, depending on how the electronic display is intended to fold, it can be advantageous to provide multiple first sections. Specifically, the flat glass element 5 may comprises at least two first sections 7, 71, 72, with a second section 6, 8, 61, 81 being arranged between two first sections 7, 71, 72. An example of such a flat glass element 5 is shown in Fig. 4. In a preferred refinement of this embodiment, the flat glass element 5 comprises three first sections. In the example of Fig. 4, the second sections 6, 8 are arranged between first sections 71, 7 and 7, 72, respectively. Further, the first sections 7, 71, 72 may differ in their width and / or stiffness reducing structuring. Preferably, without restriction to the example, the first section 7 arranged between the two other first sections 71, 72 may be broader than the other first sections 71 , 72. As well, the arrangement and size of the openings 18 may be adapted to achieve a specific shape of the folded flat glass element 5. Inter alia, the thickness of the glass between the openings 19 may be adapted to achieve a desired reduction in stiffness. The arrangement with three first sections 7, 71, 72 and a relatively broader center first section 7 can be advantageous to achieve a droplet like shape, or a bulging out of the folding region which enables to bring the folded outer sections close together.
[0045] Fig. 5 shows the glass element of Fig. 4 in folded state. As can be seen, the sequence of flexible elements 71, 7, 72 and rigid second sections 61, 6, 8, 81 supports the bulging out of a fold.
[0046] Figs. 6 to 9 illustrate method steps for producing a flat glass element 5 as described herein. The method is based on the steps of providing a glass pane 52 having at least one recess 93 at its edge 9.
[0047] - reducing the bending stiffness in a first section 7 with respect to second sections 6, 8 adjoining the first section 7, by introducing a multitude of openings 19 into the first section 7, wherein the first section 7 is arranged between two second sections, the first section 7 extending across the glass pane 52 so that the first section 7 of the flat glass element 5 produced from the glass pane 52 terminates at the recess 93. Preferably, two recesses 93 are introduced into the glass pane 52 at opposite sides of the edge 9. Then, the multitude of openings 19 are introduced into the glass pane 52 to produce a first section 7 extending all across the glass pane 52 so that the first section 7 terminates at both oppositely arranged recesses 93.
[0048] The production of the recess 93 may in particular be carried out by removing glass at the edge 9 of the glass pane 52 along a section thereof. However, in another embodiment, the glass pane 52 may be cut from a larger glass sheet with the desired contour having the at least one recess 93. For example, laser cutting would be an appropriate technique to cut the glass pane 52 from a larger sheet in a single step. Fig. 6 shows the glass pane 52 having two recesses 93 on opposite sides of its edge 9.
[0049] In a subsequent step, the edge 9 is chamfered. Fig. 7 shows the glass pane 52 with the chamfers 11. As shown and as preferred, all sides of the generally rectangular contour of the edge are chamfered. However, the chamfers 11 end at the recesses 93, or at the inwardly tilted sections 91 of the edge 9, respectively. The recesses 93 are deep enough so that the edge sections 90 extending along the recesses 93 are not chamfered.
[0050] According to a preferred embodiment, the openings 19 of the stiffness reducing structuring are produced by irradiating the glass pane 52 with a pulsed laser beam so that the pulsed laser beam introduced filament shaped defects within the glass, the filament shaped defects being located and distributed along pre-defined contours of the openings 19. Then, the glass pane 5 is etched, so that the filament shaped defects are widened and combine along the contours and the openings 19 are produced. Fig. 8 shows the glass pane 52 after irradiation with the pulsed laser beam and introduction of the filament shaped defects 25. As can be seen from Fig. 8, the filament shaped defects are introduced side-by-side along the contours of the openings to be produced. Fig. 9 shows the flat glass element 5 produced from the glass pane 52 by etching and producing the openings 19. The etching process is much faster along the filament shaped defects 25 compared to the pristine glass. This way, the filament shaped defects are widened to form channels which increase in diameter during the etching. The channels eventually combine forming the edges of the openings 19. If the filament shaped defects extend through the glass pane, through openings are formed. This method of structuring glass is known from US 2018 / 0215647 A1 which is entirely included by reference regarding the production of the openings 19. Generally, a basic etching bath such as a KOH-or NaOH-solution may be employed for etching. Preferably, the etching bath has a pH of >12, for example using a KOH solution having a concentration of >4 mol / l, particularly >5 mol / l, more preferred >6 mol / l. Etching may be carried out at a temperature of the etching bath of >70℃, for example >80℃, or >90℃, to increase etching speed. Due to the etching process, the flat glass element 5 preferably has an etched surface. This is advantageous since etching can improve the fracture strength of the glass. Furthermore, if the side face 50 or 51 onto which further layers, in particular functional layers of an electronic display are deposited, an improved adherence of the deposited layers may be achieved.
[0051] A suitable laser is a pulsed YAG-laser such as a Nd: YAG-laser emitting at a wavelength of 1064 nm.The laser may advantageously be operated in a so-called burst mode, wherein a fast sequence of pulses is emitted. The pulses within a burst typically have a similar pulse length as a pulse in single-pulse operation. As described in US 2018 / 0215647 A1, the burst frequency can be in the range from 15 MHz to 90 MHz, for example in the range from 20 MHz to 85 MHz, and is for example 50 MHz and the number of pulses in the burst can be in the range from 1 to 10 pulses, e.g. 6 pulses.
[0052] Regarding the method for producing the flat glass element 5 and the stiffness reducing structuring 70 with the openings 19 and their shape, it is further referred to EP 3 936 485 A1, which is included herein in its entirety. For example, the openings 19 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 9 have a oblong shape with rounded ends. However, other shapes of openings 19 may be employed as well, For example, the openings may have two maxima of the width that are spaced apart in longitudinal direction, with an intermediate minimum of the width located between the two maxima.
[0053] However, with the openings 19, a post-structuring edge chamfering as preferred herein would be difficult, as the chamfering could easily damage the structuring. To circumvent this, the glass pane 52 could be first edge machined and then structured. This would advantageously avoid that the etched surface would be abrased during the chamfering process since etched surface are generally better than mechanically processed surface. However, a chamfered edge leads to problems with the subsequent laser processing step of the hinge structure, of first section 7, respectively, as there is no plane surface at the outer edge and thus the structuring quality is difficult or even impossible.
[0054] Having a recessed hinge area however, allows for either first chamfering and then laser structuring up until the edge, without restrictions, as the edge of the recessed area can be left with an untreated edge, or the other way around, first structuring, then edge grinding. Thus, the combination of a chamfered edge 9 and the recessed edge section 90, in particular in combination with etched surfaces of the openings 19 have particular advantages regarding the stability of the flat glass element 5.
[0055] In addition to the above, a recessed hinge area is also beneficial in etching or chemical strengthening processes, as the glasses can be placed into etching baskets without the hinge area or first section 7, respectively, contacting the bottom support of the holder.
[0056] In the examples shown so far, the section 91 of the edge 9 tilted inwards towards the recessed section 90 of the edge 9 along the first section 7 is linear. Further, this linear section is right angled to the adjoining edge 9 along the second sections 6, 8 of the glass element. However, this results in a tip like protrusion of the edge at the transition between the first and second section which may be prone to damages during the processing of the glass pane 52 or the flat glass element 5, respectively. To avoid this, the inwardly tilted section 91 may be slanted or rounded. Fig. 10 shows examples of these variants. In Fig. 10, the two inwardly tilted sections 91 shown on top of the flat glass element 5 are designed as rounded sections, whereas the other two inwardly tilted sections 91 are straight lined but slanted with respect to the adjoining edge 9 along the respective second section 6, 8, instead of right angled. Again, in both cases, the chamfer 11 preferably, and as shown, extends inwardly less than the depth of the respective recess 93. As can be seen from all examples with chamfered edges, according to a preferred embodiment, the edge 9 tilts inward towards the recessed section 90 of the edge 9 which extends along the first section 7, wherein the edge 9 is at least partly also chamfered along the length of the inwardly tilted section 91. This way, the chamfer 11 can be designed to be close to the recessed edge portion which nevertheless is not chamfered.
[0057] Further method steps may follow up to finish the flat glass element 5. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the flat glass element 5 is chemically strengthened. The aforementioned advantage of the recesses 93 at the first section 7 also apply to the chemical strengthening process. The recessed edge sections 90 avoid mechanical contacts of the structured first section 7 with parts of the strengthening apparatus. Chemical strengthening may, e.g., be carried out by immersing and storing the flat glass pane 5 in a molten salt bath. Suitably, a potassium nitrate (KNO3) containing salt bath may be used to exchange Na+-ions of the glass with K+-ions. Fig. 11 shows a cross section through a chemically strengthened flat glass element 5. As is evident from the cross sectional view, the openings 19 are carried out as through holes, thereby connecting the side faces 50, 51 of the flat glass element 5. The arrangement of openings 19 leaves a structure of the remaining glass in the first section 7 forming a web 21. In the shown example, also, a variant of the chamfer 11 is realised. The chamfer 11 may be a facet as indicated in Figs. 7 to 9. However, alternatively, the chamfer 11 may be designed as a rounding, as exemplary shown in Fig. 11. Other designs may be realised as well, such as a combination of one or more facets with one or more roundings, or multiple adjoining facets.
[0058] Due to the chemical strengthening, an ion exchange layer 27 forms at all glass surfaces exposed to the salt bath. The ion exchange layer is shown as a line hatched zone extending inwards from the glass surfaces towards the bulk glass 28. In a preferred embodiment, the depth of the ion exchange layer is 5 μm at most. The depth of the ion exchange layer 27 can be controlled by the temperature of the salt bath and the exposure time. A thin ion exchange layer 27 helps to reduce a wrinkle effect which arises from the relatively higher specific surface within the first section 7. This is since the walls of the openings 19 provide additional surfaces. As the surfaces tend to expand due to the larger ions deposited within the ion exchange layer 27, the first section 7 may show some camber and wrinkles.
[0059] To produce such an ion exchange layer 27 with a lower DoL within the structured first section 7, a multi-stage ion-exchange process can be advantageously employed. Preferably, a two-step process is used. Generally, the ion exchange process may be refined in that the second sections are exposed to the ion exchange medium, such as in particular a salt bath, for a longer time than the exposure time of the first section 7. In this regard, a two-step process can be realized by exposing the whole flat glass element 5 to the ion exchange medium in one step and exposing only the second sections to the ion exchange medium in another step. The sequence of the steps in this regard is not relevant. For example, after strengthening the whole flat glass element 5, the first section 5 may be covered so that in a subsequent step only the second sections 6, 8 are exposed and strengthened. Vice versa, a cover of the first section could be removed after a first strengthening step so that in this step the first section 7 is omitted from the chemical strengthening. Furthermore, it is possible to first strengthen the second sections 6, 8 in a first strengthening step by dipping only the second sections 6, 8 into the molten salt bath while sparing the first section, and then performing a whole body strengthening step in a subsequent second strengthening step. After removing the cover and another exposure, the entire flat glass element 5 is strengthened. More steps may be employed in case that there is more than one first region 7, such as it is the case in the example of Fig. 4. Generally, the exposure time can be selected in dependence of the porosity or specific surface, respectively, of the one or more first sections 7, 71, 72. For example, a three step strengthening may be used in case that the first section 7 in the center has a higher specific surface than the other first sections 71, 72. In this case, three different exposure times may be chosen, with the exposure time of the centered first section 7 being the shortest, the exposure time of the outer first regions 71, 72 being of intermediate length and the exposure time of the second regions 6, 8, 61, 81 being the longest. As a refinement, in addition to a recessed hinge area at the first section 7, it is further contemplated to implement a bridge element or bridge section, which constitutes a reinforcement element. The bridge section may in particular be designed as a detachable bracket. The bridge section may be formed together with the stiffness reducing structuring comprising the openings 19.
[0060] In particular, a process using ultrashort laser pulses to introduce filament shaped defects and then etching to open the contours, as described above may be advantageously employed. This bracket or bridge section can be designed such that it stays attached to the glass during the etching and potentially also during a chemical strengthening process. The bridge section may then be detached, e.g. during assembly of the display stack. Thus, in a refinement, the method comprising structuring the glass pane 52, so that a bridge section 13 is formed, the bridge section 13 being connected to the second sections 6, 8 and bridging a part of the edge 9 of the glass pane 52. In particular, in a refinement of the method of producing a flat glass element 5 for a carrier of an electronic display, a bridge section is formed which bridges the first section 7 and connects to the adjoining second sections 6, 8. In another embodiment, it is also possible that the bridge section 13 also connects to the first section 7. This can particularly be helpful to stabilize the delicate structured hinge section. However, this embodiment bares the risk, that by detaching the bridge section 13 from the first section 7 by breaking, the structured hinge may be damaged. Generally, the bridge section preferably connects to at least one of the second sections 6, 8 and bridges at least a part of the edge 9 of the flat glass element 5. An example of a glass element 5 with detachable bridge sections 13 is shown in Fig. 13. Generally, as shown, the bridge section 13 may be located within the respective recess 93. Further, as also realised in the depicted example, the outer edge of the bridge section 13 may be aligned with the edge 9 along at least one of the second sections 6, 8. This way, the structuring of the glass element 5 may be accomplished using a glass pane 52 having a rectangular shape with the same outer dimensions as the glass element, or, respectively, already providing the edge 9 with exception of the later formed sections 90, 91. Further, as shown, the edge 9 tilts inwards towards the recessed section 90 of the edge 9 extending along the first section 7, wherein the bridge section 13 connects to the inwardly tilted sections 91 of the edge 9. This way, the mechanical connection is close to the flexible first section 7, thereby providing a stable and compact design.
[0061] The bridge section 13 can help to stabilize the flexible glass and simplify handling processes and alignment during the assembly. It fixes the flat glass element with regards to its flexibility, but also with regards to its length / width aspects to avoid elongation or compression of the flexible first section 7. Furthermore, the bridge section 13 can also serve as a clamping point during handling or as a resting point during for instance etching or chemical strengthening processes, so that the flat glass element 5 does not necessarily need to rest on its outer edge in the respective holder. The bridge section 13 may then be detached (e.g., broken off) after performing the above-mentioned processes. To ease detaching of the bridge section 13, the bridge section 13 may advantageously be connected to the second sections 6, 8 via weakening elements 15, wherein the weakening elements 15 are designed to break more easily than the bridge section 13. In a first embodiment, the weakening elements 15 comprise webs 16 having a reduced width with respect to the bridge section 13. In the shown example, the bridge sections are connected to the inwardly tilted sections 91 of the edge 9 by three webs 16. Additionally or alternatively, other weakening elements 15 may be employed. According to an alternative or additional embodiment, the weakening elements 15 may comprise a thinned region having a reduced glass thickness with respect to the bridge section 13. For example, the webs 16 may not only have a reduced width compared to the bridge section 13, but also a reduced glass thickness.
[0062] Fig. 13 shows an enlarged section of Fig. 12 to illustrate further options of weakening elements 15. Generally, a weakening element may comprise one or more defects lowering the break strength of the glass, a region having an altered refractive index with respect to adjacent regions of the glass plate 5, or a region having a reduced density with respect to adjacent regions of the glass plate 5. In the shown example, defects 17 are introduced at the intersections between the webs 16 and the edge, specifically, the inwardly tilted section 91 thereof. These defects 17 may also constitute regions of altered density or refractive index. In a preferred refinement, the defects 17 are introduced with a short pulse laser similarly to the laser for working out the contours of the openings 19 and thus may be formed as filament shaped defects.
[0063] The bridge section 13 can help to stabilize the flexible glass and simplify handling processes and alignment during the assembly. The bridge section 13 fixes the flat glass element 5 with regards to its flexibility, but also with regards to its length / width aspects (elongation or compression of the flexible hinge) . Furthermore, it can also serve as a clamping point during handling or as a resting point during for instance etching or chemical strengthening processes, so that the panel does not necessarily need to rest on its outer edge in the respective holder. Thus, according to one embodiment, the flat glass element 5 is clamped and held at the bridge section 13 during a processing of the flat glass element 5. The processing may comprise steps like chemical strengthening, or coating.
[0064] The bridge section 13 may be detached (broken off) after the processing, such as coating steps and / or chemical strengthening, leaving an edge that shows only small areas that have a fracture surface, while most of the edge has an etched surface structure. For illustration, Fig. 14 shows an enlarged section of the flat glass element 5 similar to Fig. 13, however, with the bridge section 13 detached by break the same off from the flat glass element 5. Most parts of the edge 9 have an etched surface 29, symbolized in Fig. 14 by a dot pattern. Preferably, an etching process is employed, resulting in a surface structure comprising adjoining hemispherical depressions, as also described in US 2018 / 0215647 A1, which, regarding the structuring and etching process and the resulting surface structure, is enclosed by reference herein. By breaking the webs 16 to detach the bridge section 13, small fracture surfaces 30 remain, having a shape corresponding to the cross section of the webs 13. Glass elements which are similarly structured, are also known from WO 2022 / 268585 A1, which, regarding the surface topography and design is disclosed herein by reference. Thus, according to this refinement, the flat glass element 5 has an edge 9 which comprises etched surfaces 29 and fracture surfaces 30, wherein the etched surfaces 29 and fracture surfaces 30 are arranged next to each other along the edge 9. Due to the narrow connecting webs 16, the fracture surfaces 30 preferably only have a small surface portion of the edge surface. Preferably, the fracture surfaces cover a portion of the edge surface of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, even more preferred less than 1%.
[0065] The bridge section 13 can alternatively also be designed such that it detaches during the etching process to obtain a fully etched outer edge or during chemical strengthening (e.g. by internal stress that leads to fracture of connecting webs or defects) .
[0066] Fig. 15 shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 12. According to this embodiment, generally, without restriction to the specific example as shown, the bridge section 13 has a protrusion 32 bulging outwards beyond the edge 9 along the second sections 6, 8. Preferably, both opposite bridge sections 13 have such protrusions. The protrusions 32 may be advantageous to further facilitate the handling of the flat glass element 5, in particular, by facilitating clamping the element at the bridge section 13.
[0067] In the embodiments of Figs. 12 and 15, the bridge section 13 is small and is mainly arranged within the recess 93. However, it is also possible to use a frame like structure. Fig. 16 shows an example of a flat glass element 5 which is surrounded by a bridge section 13 forming a frame 14 and being connected to the bridge section 13 by webs 16. The embodiments of Figs. 12, 15 and 16 may also be understood as intermediate products 35 for producing a flat glass element 5 for a carrier of an electronic display. Thus, without restriction to specific examples or embodiments, an intermediate product 35 for producing the flat glass element 5 is provided, comprising a structured glass pane 52, the glass pane 52 comprises a flat glass element 5 as described herein and a bridge section 13, the flat glass element 5 being connected to the bridge section 13 by weakening elements 15, particularly comprising webs 16, the connection to the bridge section 13 bridging the first section 7 to stabilize the first section 7, wherein the bridge section 13 is detachable from the flat glass element 5.
[0068] In another embodiment, the flat glass element 5 or the intermediate product 35 may alternatively or additionally comprise detachable brackets which facilitate handling, e.g. by clamping and / or holding the flat glass element 5 during processing, as also described with respect to Fig. 15. Fig. 17 shows an example of a flat glass element 5 or intermediate product 35 having at least one bracket detachably connected to the edge 9 of the flat glass element 5. Similar to the bridge sections 13 described herein, the one or more brackets 18 and the flat glass element 5 are formed as integral structures of a common glass pane. In the shown example, weakening structures in the form of a row of defects 17 in line with the contour of the edge 9 is contemplated to detachably connect the brackets 18 to the glass element 5. Of course other elements may be employed such as webs 16. The brackets 18 are thus similarly to the bridge sections 13, however, the brackets 18 do not necessarily bridge the first section 7.
[0069] Fig. 18 shows a cross section of a carrier 1 for an electronic display with a flat glass element 1 as described herein. The flat glass element 5 naturally is electrically isolating. However, it turned out that a conductive coating on both side faces 50, 51 of the flat glass element 5 is not mandatory to ensure the function of an electronic display. Specifically, arranging OLED components and layers to the bare glass surface is a feasible and advantageous option, due to the high surface quality and ultra-small roughness (preferably with an Ra value of less than 1 nm) . For the ease of assembly, according to a further refinement, the flat glass element 5 may have a conducting foil, e.g. a copper foil glued to the back side surfaces of the non-folding regions, or second sections 6, 8 to provide conductivity and function as a grounding electrode, and to help dissipate and evenly distribute the heat from the electronic components beneath. A carrier 1 having a design as described above is shown in Fig. 18. The side surface 51 of the flat glass element 5 of the carrier 1 is intended as the support surface for the structures of the electronic display. On the opposite side face 51, a metal foil 39 is attached, covering the second sections 6, 8. Preferably, the metal foil 39 may be fastened to side face 51 with an adhesive layer 37. Particularly suitable as adhesive layer is a pressure sensitive adhesive foil.
[0070] The openings 19 in the first section 7 and, if applicable, the interstice between the metal foils 39 on the second sections 6, 8 may be filled with a thermoplastic elastomer 41. Preferred is a thermoplastic polyurethan. The thermoplastic elastomer 41 does not necessarily need to be electrically conducting. The filling with the thermoplastic elastomer 41 provides a closed surface on the side face 50, intended to provide the support for the components of the electronic display. The thermoplastic elastomer 41 may advantageously be opaque, preferably with similar colour as the non-structured area, while a contrasting (differently coloured compared to the non-structured area) material could be visible through the display or could lead to imperfect colour replication of the display. Generally, a thermoplastic elastomer 41 is advantageous to maintain flexibility of the first section 7. Further, the thermoplastic elastomer 41 may also cover the edge section 90 along the first section 7 and / or at least partly fill the recess 93. This way, the delicate edge portion in the flexible first section 7 is further protected.
[0071] Thus, without restriction to the specific examples as shown, in a refinement, a carrier 1 is provided having at least one of the above discussed features, i.e.
[0072] - a metal foil adhered and covering the second sections 6, 8 on one side face 51, in particular opposite to the side face for supporting active components of an electronic display, wherein the first section 7 is at least partly left uncovered by the metal foil,
[0073] - a thermoplastic elastomer 41 filling the openings 19 in the first section 7 of the flat glass element 5.
[0074] An alternative or additional option is to fill the hinge and cover the whole back-side with polymer materials, and then adhere a metal foil on top of the polymer coating. This embodiment is shown in Fig. 19. Generally, according to this variant, the openings 19 in the first section 7 and one side face 51 (i.e. the side opposite to the side face 50 forming the support face) of the flat glass element 5 are filled and covered with a polymer material. If the polymer material is electrically conductive, the adhesive layer 37 and the metal foil 39 may also be omitted. Or, as shown, a metal foil can be adhered to the polymer material. This embodiment may also be combined with the embodiment of Fig. 18, if a thermoplastic elastomer is used as the polymer material.
[0075] A metal foil may also be omitted if the flat glass element 5 has a deposited conductive layer, such as a metal layer in contact to one side face 50, 51. Fig. 20 shows a variant, wherein a conductive layer 45 is deposited on the side 51 of the flat glass element 5. For example, a metal layer may be deposited by PVD. The openings 19 and the side face 51 are then filled and covered with a polymer material 43 similar to the example of Fig. 19. A deposited conductive layer 45 can also be combined with the other embodiments of Figs. 18, 19.
[0076] Fig. 20 also shows not only the carrier 1, but also schematically an electronic display 3. The display 3 comprises the functional structure 47 of the display, deposited onto the side face 50 of the flat glass element 5, being part of the carrier 1. The functional structure contains the assembly of elements of an OLED-display, such as conductor traces and organic semiconducting layers.
[0077] The functional structure 47 spans over both the first and second sections 6, 7, 8 of the flat glass element 5, thus providing a foldable display with a continuous screen spanning over virtually the whole side face 51.
[0078] List of reference signs
Claims
1.A flat glass element (5) for a carrier (1) of an electronic display (3) , wherein the flat glass element (5) has two opposing side faces (50, 51) , wherein the glass of the glass element (5) has a varying bending stiffness along at least one line across the glass element (5) , the varying bending stiffness being provided by at least one first section (7) having a reduced bending stiffness with respect to the bending stiffness of second sections (6, 8) adjoining the at least one first section, so that the glass element (5) is bendable at the first section (7) , the reduced stiffness of the first section (7) being achieved by a stiffness reducing patterning (70) comprising an arrangement of openings (19) , and wherein the edge (9) of the glass element (5) is recessed inwardly at the first section (7) .2.The flat glass element (5) according to the preceding claim, wherein the edge (9) is at least partly chamfered along the second sections (6, 8) .3.The flat glass element (5) according to the preceding claim, characterized by at least one of the following features:- the edge (9) along at least a part of the second sections (6, 8) being chamfered, wherein the edge (9) along the first section (7) is not chamfered,- the glass element (5) has a chamfer (11) extending at least partly along at least one of the second sections (6, 8) , wherein the chamfer (11) ends at or before a boundary between the second section (6, 8) and the adjoining first section (7) ,- the depth of the recess (93) of the edge (9) along the first section (7) is greater than the depth of the chamfer (11) inwards along the side face (50, 51) .4.The flat glass element (5) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterised in that the edge (9) tilts inward towards a recessed section (90) of the edge (9) which extends along the first section (7) , wherein the edge (9) is at least partly chamfered along the length of the inwardly tilted section (91) , wherein, preferably, the inwardly tilted section (91) is rounded, or slanted with respect to the adjoining edge (9) along a second section (6, 8) .5.The flat glass element (5) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one detachable bridge section (13) connecting to at least one of the second sections (6, 8) and bridging at least a part of the edge (9) of the flat glass element (5) .6.The flat glass element (5) according to the preceding claim, comprising at least one of the following features:- the bridge section (13) comprises at least a second detachable bridge section (13) , is connected to both of the second sections (6, 8) and bridges the first section (7)- the edge (9) tilts inwards towards a recessed section (90) of the edge (9) which extends along the first section (7) , wherein the bridge section (13) connects to the inwardly tilted section (91) of the edge (9) ,- the bridge section (13) has a protrusion (32) bulging outwards beyond the edge (9) along the second sections (6, 8) .7.The flat glass element (5) according to one of the three preceding claims, wherein the bridge section (13) is connected to the second sections (6, 8) via weakening elements (15) , the weakening elements (15) being designed to break more easily than the bridge section (13) .8.The flat glass element (5) according to the preceding claim, wherein the weakening elements (15) comprise at least one oft the following elements:- webs (16) having a reduced width with respect to the bridge section (13) ,- one or more defects (17) lowering the break strength of the glass- a thinned region having a reduced glass thickness with respect to the bridge section (13) ,- a region having an altered refractive index with respect to adjacent regions of the glass plate (5) ,- a region having a reduced density with respect to adjacent regions of the glass plate (5) .9.The flat glass element (5) according to the preceding claims, having at least one of the following features:- the openings (19) forming through holes in the glass element (5) ,- the edge (9) within the first section (7) is interrupted by openings (19) of the stiffness reducing structuring,- the glass element (5) has an etched surface,- the first section (7) extends all across the flat glass element (5) so that the first section (7) is terminated by the edge (9) on opposite sides,- the recess (93) has a depth of at least half the thickness of the flat glass element (5) ,- the flat glass element (5) comprises at least two first sections (7, 71, 72) , with a second section (6, 8, 61, 81) being arranged between two first sections (7, 71, 72)- at least one bracket (18) being detachably connected to the edge (9) of the glass element, the bracket (18) and the flat glass element (5) being integrally formed parts.10.The flat glass element (5) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the flat glass element (5) is chemically strengthened.11.The flat glass element (5) according to the preceding claim, comprising at least one of the following features:- chemical strengthening is achieved by an ion exchange layer, wherein the depth of the ion exchange layer is 5 μm at most,- the depth of the ion exchange layer is lower in the first section (7) compared to one of the second sections (6, 8) .12.The flat glass element (5) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the flat glass element (5) has an edge (9) which comprises etched surfaces (29) and fracture surfaces (30) , wherein the etched surfaces (29) and fracture surfaces (30) are arranged next to each other along the edge (9) .13.An intermediate product (35) for producing a flat glass element (5) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a structured glass pane (52) , the glass pane (52) comprises the flat glass element (5) and a bridge section (13) , the flat glass element (5) being connected to the bridge section (13) by weakening elements (15) , particularly comprising webs (16) , wherein the connection to the bridge section (13) preferably bridges the first section (7) to stabilize the first section (7) , wherein the bridge section (13) is detachable from the flat glass element (5) .14.A method of producing a flat glass element (5) for a carrier (1) of an electronic display (3) , the method comprising the steps of- providing a glass pane (52) having at least one recess (93) at an edge of the glass pane (52) , in particular by removing glass at the edge (9) of the glass pane (52) along a section thereof to produce the recess (93) ,- reducing the bending stiffness in a first section (7) by introducing a multitude of openings (19) into the first section (7) , the first section (7) being arranged between two second sections (6, 8) adjoining the first section (7) , the first section (7) extending across the glass pane (52) so that the first section (7) of the flat glass element (5) produced from the glass pane (52) terminates at the recess (93) .15.The method of the preceding claim, further comprising chamfering at least a part of the edge of the glass pane (90) so that the chamfer (11) ends at or before the recess (93) .16.The method of one of the preceding claims, wherein two recesses (93) are introduced into the glass pane (52) at opposite sides of the edge (9) and wherein the multitude of openings (19) are introduced into the glass pane (52) to produce a first section (7) extending all across the glass pane (52) so that the first section (7) terminates at both oppositely arranged recesses (93) .17.The method of one of the preceding claims, wherein the openings (19) are produced by irradiating the glass pane (52) with a pulsed laser beam so that the pulsed laser beam introduced filament shaped defects within the glass, the filament shaped defects being located and distributed along pre-defined contours of the openings (19) , and wherein the glass pane (5) is etched, so that the filament shaped defects are widened and combine along the contours so that the openings (19) are produced.18.The method according to one of the preceding claims, the method comprising structuring the glass pane (52) , so that a bridge section (13) is formed, the bridge section (13) being connected to the second sections (6, 8) and bridging a part of the edge (9) of the glass pane (52) .19.The method according to the preceding claim, comprising at least one of the following steps:- the bridge section (13) is formed so that it connects to the adjoining second sections (6, 8) and preferably bridges the first section (7) and- the flat glass element (5) is clamped and held at the bridge section (13) during a processing of the flat glass element (5) .20.The method according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the bridge section (13) is formed by irradiating the glass pane (52) with a pulsed laser beam so that the pulsed laser beam introduced filament shaped defects within the glass, the filament shaped defects being located and distributed along a pre-defined contours of the bridge section (13) , and wherein the glass pane (5) is etched, so that the filament shaped defects are widened and combine along the contour so that the bridge section (13) is formed.21.The method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising chemical strengthening the flat glass element (5) .22.The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the second sections (6, 8) are exposed to an ion exchange medium for a longer time than the exposure time of the first section (7) .23.A carrier (1) for an electronic display (3) , comprising a flat glass element (5) according to one of claims 1 to 12 or produced with a method according to one of claims 14 to 22.24.The carrier (1) according to the preceding claim, having at least one of the following features:- a metal foil adhered and covering the second sections 6, 8 on one side face 51, in particular opposite to the side face for supporting active components of an electronic display, wherein the first section 7 is at least partly left uncovered by the metal foil,- a thermoplastic elastomer 41 filling the openings 19 in the first section 7 of the flat glass element 5,- a polymer material (43) filling the openings (19) in the first section (7) and also covering one side face (51) of the flat glass element (5) ,- a conductive layer (45) deposited onto one side face (51) of the flat glass element (5) .
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