Devices and methods of communication
By coordinating BS and UE control information for a RIS, the method enhances RIS control, addressing existing solution gaps and improving wireless communication link quality and cell coverage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/096320
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Current solutions for controlling Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) in wireless communication systems are incomplete and require further development, particularly for UE-controlled RIS scenarios.
The method involves coordinating a Base Station (BS) and a User Equipment (UE) to control a RIS by transmitting first and second control information. The UE transmits the first control information to the RIS based on a configuration received from the BS, and the BS transmits the second control information to the RIS for controlling its elements and beamforming.
This approach enables effective coordination between the BS and UE to control the RIS, improving wireless communication link quality and extending cell coverage, thereby addressing the limitations of existing control solutions.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024096320_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to devices and methods of communication for a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) -assisted network.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Deploying RISs on surfaces of various objects in wireless transmission environments is expected to break through uncontrollability of traditional wireless channels, builds an intelligent programmable wireless environment, and introduces a new paradigm for future wireless communication. As identified by researchers from at home and abroad, a RIS may be deployed with a stationary manner (e.g., RIS is deployed at facades of buildings or indoor walls / ceilings) and with a non-stationary manner. Currently, a solution of controlling a RIS is still incomplete and needs to be further developed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS. By causing the UE to transmit first control information to the RIS and causing the BS to transmit second control information to the RIS, the RIS may be controlled based on the first and / or second control information to perform a forwarding between the UE and the BS.
[0005] In one aspect, some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may comprise: receiving, at a UE and from a base station, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS; and transmitting the first control information to the RIS based on the first configuration.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first configuration may indicate at least one of the following: first information of a resource of transmitting the first control information, second information of a time of transmitting the first control information, a condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information, or a transmission type associated with the first control information and second control information, the second control information being transmitted from the base station to the RIS.
[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may indicate a shared resource for the transmission of the first control information, and the first configuration may further indicate a request for requesting the UE to report the second information of the time of transmitting the first control information.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: a starting time point of transmitting the first control information, a set of time durations of transmitting the first control information, an ending time point of transmitting the first control information, number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information, a periodicity of a time duration in the set of time durations, number of time durations in the set of time durations, or a starting time point in the time duration.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the condition may comprise at least one of the following: number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information is larger than a first number threshold and no response to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of negative acknowledgements (NACKs) to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a second number threshold; a response or an acknowledgement (ACK) to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of responses or ACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a third number threshold; or an indication of stopping the transmission of the first control information is received.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transmission type may indicate one of the following: the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in time durations; the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in parts of a time duration; the first control information and the second control information are simultaneously transmitted in a time duration; or the first control information and the second control information are transmitted at different time in a time duration.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, a coefficient of an element of the RIS, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS, information of a time division duplex (TDD) configuration for a first link between the base station and the RIS and a second link between the RIS and the UE, or timing information for the first and second links.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, or a coefficient of an element of the RIS.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the directivity information may comprise: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.
[0015] In another aspect, some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may comprise: transmitting, at a BS and to a UE, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS; and transmitting, to the RIS, second control information for controlling the RIS.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first configuration may indicate at least one of the following: first information of a resource of transmitting the first control information, second information of a time of transmitting the first control information, a condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information, or a transmission type associated with the first control information and the second control information.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may indicate a shared resource for the transmission of the first control information, and the first configuration may further indicate a request for requesting the UE to report the second information of the time of transmitting the first control information.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: a starting time point of transmitting the first control information, a set of time durations of transmitting the first control information, an ending time point of transmitting the first control information, number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information, a periodicity of a time duration in the set of time durations, number of time durations in the set of time durations, or a starting time point in the time duration.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the condition may comprise at least one of the following: number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information is larger than a first number threshold and no response to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of NACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a second number threshold; a response or an ACK to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of responses or ACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a third number threshold; or an indication of stopping the transmission of the first control information is received.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transmission type may indicate one of the following: the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in time durations; the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in parts of a time duration; the first control information and the second control information are simultaneously transmitted in a time duration; or the first control information and the second control information are transmitted at different time in a time duration.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, a coefficient of an element of the RIS, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS, information of a TDD configuration for a first link between the base station and the RIS and a second link between the RIS and the UE, or timing information for the first and second links.
[0022] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further comprise: determining the timing information based on at least one of the following: locations of the base station, the RIS and the UE; a moving trajectory of the RIS; or a moving trajectory of the UE.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, or a coefficient of an element of the RIS.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the directivity information may comprise: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.
[0026] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further comprise: stopping transmitting the second control information based on at least one of the following: number of retransmissions or repetitions of the second control information is larger than a fourth number threshold and no response to the second control information is received from the RIS; number of NACKs to the second control information received from the RIS is larger than a fifth number threshold; a response or an ACK to the second control information is received from the RIS; number of responses or ACKs to the second control information received from the RIS is larger than a sixth number threshold; or an indication of stopping the transmission of the second control information is received.
[0027] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further comprise: transmitting, to the RIS, a second configuration indicating one of the following: the RIS is controlled by the base station during a first time window, at a first frequency, within a first range of frequency resources, or for a first traffic type; or the RIS is controlled by the UE during a second time window, at a second frequency, within a second range of frequency resources, or for a second traffic type.
[0028] In another aspect, some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may comprise: receiving, at a RIS from a UE, first control information for controlling the RIS; receiving, from a base station, second control information for controlling the RIS; and performing a forwarding between the UE and the base station based on at least one of the first control information or the second control information.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, or a coefficient of an element of the RIS.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, a coefficient of an element of the RIS, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS, information of a TDD configuration for a first link between the base station and the RIS and a second link between the RIS and the UE, or timing information for the first and second links.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the directivity information may comprise: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, performing the forwarding may comprise: receiving, from the base station, a second configuration indicating one of the following: the RIS is controlled by the base station during a first time window, at a first frequency, within a first range of frequency resources, or for a first traffic type, or the RIS is controlled by the UE during a second time window, at a second frequency, within a second range of frequency resources, or for a second traffic type; and performing the forwarding based on the second configuration.
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, performing the forwarding may comprise: receiving, from the base station, a third configuration indicating a parameter or parameter group; and performing the forwarding based on at least one of the following: a priority of the parameter or parameter group, a latest value of the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information, received quality of the parameter or parameter group, or the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, performing the forwarding may comprise: performing the forwarding based on one of the following: one of the first and second control information that is selected randomly; one of the first and second control information that is firstly received; one of the first and second control information that is received at a time; one of the first and second control information that is selected based on whether data information to be forwarded is transmitted from the base station or the UE; or one of the first and second control information that is selected based on number of responses or ACKs to the first and second control information.
[0036] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further comprise: transmitting, to the base station, information of a selection of the one of the first and second control information.
[0037] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, performing the forwarding may comprise: in accordance with a determination that the RIS is in an initial access procedure, performing the forwarding upon reception of a set of parameters; or in accordance with a determination that the initial access procedure is completed, performing the forwarding upon reception of a parameter or parameter group in the set of parameters.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 2A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example control of a RIS in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0040] FIG. 2B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example control of a RIS in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0041] FIG. 2C illustrates a diagram illustrating another example control of a RIS in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0042] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of a process of communication that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 4A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 4B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 4C illustrates a diagram illustrating another example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 4D illustrates a diagram illustrating another example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a device that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a processor that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of another method that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another method that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0052] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0053] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0054] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. The term “embodiment” may be interchangeably used with “implementation” .
[0055] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of implementations. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0056] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting of example implementations. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0057] To meet demands of 6G, revolutionary technologies should improve a typical “dead zone” (referring to a weak signal coverage area) , in current 5G communications networks. RIS has recently attracted considerable attention, due to its ability to construct propagation environment controllably. RIS offers a prospective technology to realize 6G visions. Generally speaking, RIS refers to an artificial meta-surface composed of many sub-wavelength-sized unit cells that can reflect an impinging signal with reconfigurable parameters. Consequently, instead of passively adapting to the wireless propagation environment, RIS provides a way to actively customize wireless channels by means of software-controlled strategies. Through proper deployment and adjustment, RISs may effectively extend cell coverage, and drastically improve the system throughput, with low-cost and high-energy efficiency.
[0058] As it is identified by researchers from at home and abroad, RIS may be controlled within the following types, e.g., network-controlled RIS, network-assisted RIS, UE-controlled RIS, standalone RIS, and hybrid-controlled RIS, etc. In the above controlling types, network-controlled RIS and UE-controlled RIS are considered as the most promising controlling type in the future. The reason is that complexity aspects of RIS controller are low and there requires low capability of RIS under those two controlling types. For the case of UE-controlled RIS, RIS is deployed and managed by terminals with high probability. The UE-controlled RIS may be considered in the use case of a personal RIS, and the RIS is located potentially in indoor areas such as houses, office spaces or apartments. Another use case for the UE-controlled RIS is the RIS as a service case, where the RIS is owned by an enterprise (e.g., a shopping mall) , and the enterprise offers the RIS benefits to its clients. In this case, the RIS may be controlled by a client UE or by an enterprise owner’s UE. However, a solution of the UE-controlled RIS is still incomplete and needs to be further developed.
[0059] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of supporting coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS. In the solution, a base station may transmit, to a UE, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS. The UE may transmit the first control information to the RIS based on the first configuration. The base station may further transmit, to the RIS, second control information for controlling the RIS. Based on at least one of the first control information or the second control information, the RIS may perform a forwarding between the UE and the base station. In this way, a BS and a UE may be coordinated to control a RIS.
[0060] The aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0061] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports UE control of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) . For convenience, network entities 102-1, 102-2 and 102-3 are shown and are collectively referred to as one or more network entities 102 hereinafter. The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs (such as UEs 101, 105 and 107) , a RIS 103, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0062] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0063] A network entity 102 may provide one or more geographic coverage areas (also referred to as cells) for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs within a geographic coverage area. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0064] The one or more UEs may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may be referred to as an Internet-of-things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0065] The one or more UEs may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0066] A UE may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs over a communication link 114. For example, a UE may support wireless communication directly with another UE over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as an SL. For example, a UE may support wireless communication directly with another UE over a PC5 interface.
[0067] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0068] As an example, the network entity 102-1 may provide a cell 112-1 and the network entity 102-2 may provide a cell 112-2. It is to be understood that each of the network entities 102-1 and 102-2 may provide more cells (not shown) .
[0069] In an example, the network entity may be a satellite, for example, the network entity 102-3. The network entity 102-3 may have full or part of an eNB / gNB on board. The communication link 110 between the satellite 102-3 and the UE 105, the communication link 116 between the satellite 102-3 and the network entity 102-2, and the communication link 116 between the network entity 102-2 and the core network 106 may be used for a non-terrestrial network (NTN) transparent mode. The communication link 110 between the satellite 102-3 and the UE 105, and the communication link 116 between the satellite 102-3 (with a base station on board) and the core network 106 may be used for a NTN regenerative mode.
[0070] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an IAB network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0071] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a TRP. One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0072] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0073] Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0074] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0075] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a core network element 109. The core network element 109 may be a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., an LMF, a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) or a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0076] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs may communicate with the application server 118. A UE may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0077] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0078] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0079] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0080] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0081] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0082] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0083] With reference to FIG. 1, the RIS 103 may receive a signal from the network device 102 (e.g., the network device 102-1) and forward the signal to a UE (e.g., the UE 101) . In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may comprise a plurality of RIS elements (also referred to as elements herein) and a RIS controller (also referred to as a controller herein) for controlling the RIS elements. In some embodiments, the RIS elements of the RIS 103 may be passive with a reflection mode or with both a reflection mode and a transmission mode. Reflection coefficients (also referred to as coefficients herein) of the RIS element may be set by the RIS controller, and the RIS controller may have a communication module with a node (also referred to as a control node herein) , either a BS or a UE, to receive the coefficients. It is to be understood that although only one RIS is shown in FIG. 1, more RISs may be comprised in the wireless communications system 100.
[0084] Considering link quality of a BS-UE direct link and capability of a RIS controller, there are potential three models for UE-controlled RIS as shown in FIGs. 2A to 2C. For convenience, FIGs. 2A to 2C will be described in connection with the example of FIG. 1.
[0085] FIG. 2A illustrates a diagram 200A illustrating an example control of a RIS in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented. In this example, control information for a RIS is totally generated and transmitted by a UE. As shown in FIG. 2A, the UE 101 may determine control information which is used to control and configure the RIS elements of the RIS 103 via the RIS controller of the RIS 103. The UE 101 may transmit the control information to the RIS controller of the RIS 103 via a control link 210, and the RIS controller may control the RIS elements of the RIS 103 based on the control information via a control interface. Under the control, the network entity 102-1 may communicate with the UE 101 via the RIS 103.
[0086] FIG. 2B illustrates a diagram 200B illustrating another example control of a RIS in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented. In this example, control information for a RIS is transmitted by a BS, and link quality of a BS-UE direct link is well. As shown in FIG. 2B, the UE 101 may generate coefficients of each element and transmit to the network entity 102-1 via a control link 220. The network entity 102-1 may select an optional beam and send an indication of the beam to the RIS controller of the RIS 103 via a control link 221. The RIS controller may control the RIS elements of the RIS 103 via a control interface based on the indication of the beam. Under the control, the network entity 102-1 may communicate with the UE 101 via the RIS 103.
[0087] FIG. 2C illustrates a diagram 200C illustrating another example control of a RIS in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented. In this example, control information for a RIS is transmitted by a UE or both a UE and a BS. There are four potential options.
[0088] In option 1, control information of the RIS 103 is totally generated and transmitted by the UE 101 via a control link 230 without a network-controlled link. This option is the same as that described in FIG. 2A. In option 2, a part of the control information is transmitted by the UE 101 via the control link 230, and another part of the control information is transmitted by the network entity 102-1 via a control link 231. In option 3, the control information is transmitted by the UE 101 via the control link 230, and the network entity 102-1 provides some assistance data for the control information via the control link 231. In option 4, the control information is transmitted by the network entity 102-1 via the control link 231, and the UE 101 provides some assistance data for the control information via the control link 230. The RIS controller may control the RIS elements of the RIS 103 via a control interface based on the received control information and / or assistance data.
[0089] It can be known that, in the scenario of FIG. 2C, a RIS may need to be controlled coordinately by a BS and a UE. The following use cases may need to coordinate the BS and the UE to control the RIS:
[0090] - BS-UE direct link quality is not well or there is no direct link (caused by blockage) ;
[0091] - Low capability of a RIS controller, e.g., the RIS controller cannot decode some specific control information from the UE, and the UE may need to send the control information to BS (maybe via the RIS) , then the BS send the decoded control information to the RIS controller;
[0092] - The RIS may provide service to multiple UEs, e.g., the RIS is a big RIS panel with larger number of elements. In this scenario, the RIS needs to be divided into several blocks to serve multiple UEs. Hence, some of the elements may be controlled by the BS while other elements may be controlled by the UE. For example, the BS sends control information to control the RIS to provide service to UE1, while other UE (except UE1) sends control information to control RIS to provide service to itself;
[0093] - Multiplexing of a control link. For the case that the RIS is located at the cell edge, the BS and UE coordinately send the control information at different time slots / frequencies to the RIS to enhance receiving signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) / reference signal received power (RSRP) of the RIS;
[0094] - Control information split indication for the UE and the BS (e.g., the option 2) . Some control information is transmitted from the BS to the RIS, while other control information are from the UE to the RIS to avoid complex information exchange between the UE and the BS;
[0095] - Joint indication of control information (e.g., the option 3 and the option 4) . The BS and UE send different control information to the UE for the reason that the UE has limited capability information of the RIS. For example, the BS sends control information to indicate the number of RIS elements, and the UE sends control information to indicate the coefficients of each element, etc.
[0096] Considering the above use cases, coordination on a BS and a UE controlling a RIS may have benefits on link quality of control information, and avoid complex information exchange between the BS and the UE.
[0097] However, it is unclear which control information is transmitted by which entity. It is unclear how to coordinate the BS and the UE to control the RIS. Rules / parameters assisting the RIS to perform a forwarding are also unclear.
[0098] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS so as to overcome the above and other potential issues. In some embodiments, the solutions of the present disclosure may be applied to a coverage enhancement scenario, which means deploying RISs in a radio access network (RAN) to enhance received power of cell edge UEs. The RIS deployment may include any of the following assumptions:
[0099] - a RIS is deployed with a static or semi-static manner;
[0100] - a RIS is enabled and controlled by a BS or a UE at an initial stage;
[0101] - a RIS node is assumed as a UE-like node, a UE-RIS control link is via a PC5 interface, and a BS-RIS control link is via a Uu interface;
[0102] - a RIS is active with a reflection mode, whose reflection coefficients are set by a controller, and the controller has a communication module with a node, either BS or UE, to receive the reflection coefficients; and
[0103] - It is assumed that 4 RF units are deployed at a RIS to assist deriving measurement results of a RIS-UE link.
[0104] It is to be understood that the above coverage enhancement scenario is merely an example, and the solutions of the present disclosure may also be applied to any other suitable scenarios.
[0105] The solutions of the present disclosure will be described in connection with FIG. 3 below. FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of a process 300 of communication that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the network entity 102-1, the RIS 103, and the UE 101 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is assumed that the network entity 102-1 and the UE 101 are communicated via the RIS 103, and the RIS 103 is initially controlled by the network entity 102-1 or the UE 101. In this example, the UE 101 is served by the network entity 102-1 and the RIS 103. It is to be understood that more UEs may be served by the RIS 103.
[0106] As shown in FIG. 3, the network entity 102-1 may transmit 310, to the UE 101 (e.g., directly or via the RIS 103) , a configuration (for convenience, also referred to as a first configuration herein) indicating a transmission of control information (for convenience, also referred to as first control information herein) for controlling the RIS 103.
[0107] In some embodiments, the first configuration may indicate information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) of a resource of transmitting the first control information. In some embodiments, the first information may indicate a dedicated resource for the transmission of the first control information. In some embodiments, the first information may indicate a shared resource for the transmission of the first control information.
[0108] In some embodiments where the shared resource is indicated or configured, the first configuration may further indicate a request for requesting the UE 101 to report information (for convenience, also referred to as second information herein) of a time of transmitting the first control information.
[0109] In some embodiments, for specific control information (also referred to as a parameter herein) in the first control information, the first configuration may indicate an available or specific time-frequency resource for the transmission of the specific control information.
[0110] In some embodiments, the first configuration may indicate the second information of the time of transmitting the first control information. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise a starting time point of transmitting the first control information. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise a set of time durations of transmitting the first control information. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise an ending time point of transmitting the first control information. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise a periodicity of a time duration in the set of time durations. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise number of time durations in the set of time durations. In some embodiments, the second information may comprise a starting time point in the time duration. It is to be understood that the second information may indicate any combination of the above time information.
[0111] In some embodiments, for specific control information (i.e., a parameter) in the first control information, the first configuration may indicate the second information of the time for transmitting the specific control information.
[0112] In some embodiments, the first configuration may indicate a condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information is larger than a first number threshold and no response to the first control information is received from the RIS 103. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that number of NACKs to the first control information received from the RIS 103 is larger than a second number threshold. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that a response or an ACK to the first control information is received from the RIS 103. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that number of responses or ACKs to the first control information received from the RIS 103 is larger than a third number threshold. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that an indication of stopping the transmission of the first control information is received. It is to be understood that any combinations of the above conditions may also be feasible.
[0113] In some embodiments, the first configuration may indicate a transmission type associated with the first control information transmitted from the UE 101 to the RIS 103 and second control information transmitted from the network entity 102-1 to the RIS 103. Some embodiments of the transmission type are described below in connection with FIGs. 4A to 4D. As used herein, the term “time duration” refers to a time window for transmitting control information of a RIS. In some embodiments, the first and / or second control information may be transmitted within the time duration and a feedback from a RIS may be received outside the time duration or between two time durations.
[0114] In some embodiments, the transmission type may indicate that the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in time durations. FIG. 4A illustrates a diagram 400A illustrating an example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4A, the first control information is transmitted by a UE in time durations 411, 413, etc. The second control information is transmitted by a BS in time durations 412, 414, etc.
[0115] In some embodiments, the transmission type may indicate that the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in parts of a time duration. FIG. 4B illustrates a diagram 400B illustrating another example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4B, the first control information is transmitted by a UE in part 1-1 of the time duration 411, part 2-1 of the time duration 412, part 3-1 of the time duration 413, part 4-1 of the time duration 414, etc. The second control information is transmitted by a BS in part 1-2 of the time duration 411, part 2-2 of the time duration 412, part 3-2 of the time duration 413, part 4-2 of the time duration 414, etc.
[0116] In some embodiments, the transmission type may indicate that the first control information and the second control information are simultaneously transmitted in a time duration. FIG. 4C illustrates a diagram 400C illustrating another example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4C, at the same time (e.g., a timing A) in the time durations 411, 412, 413 and 414, the first control information is transmitted by a UE and the second control information is transmitted by a BS. In some embodiments, if there is no response received from the RIS or a condition for stopping the transmission of the corresponding control information is not satisfied, the BS or UE may retransmit the corresponding control information with a repetition number until the repetition number is larger than a threshold.
[0117] In some embodiments, the transmission type may indicate that the first control information and the second control information are transmitted at different time in a time duration. FIG. 4D illustrates a diagram 400D illustrating another example transmission type of control information of a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4D, the first control information and the second control information may be transmitted at different time in each of the time durations 411, 412, 413 and 414. For example, the first control information is transmitted by a UE at a timing B in the time duration 411, and the second control information is transmitted by a BS at a timing C in the time duration 411. In some embodiments, if there is no response received from the RIS or a condition for stopping the transmission of the corresponding control information is not satisfied, the BS or UE may retransmit the corresponding control information with a repetition number until the repetition number is larger than a threshold.
[0118] It is to be understood that the first configuration may indicate any combination of the above configured information.
[0119] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the UE 101 may transmit 320 the first control information to the RIS 103 based on the first configuration.
[0120] In some embodiments where the shared resource is indicated or configured in the first configuration, the UE 101 may randomly select a time-frequency resource in a shared resource pool for the transmission of the first control information. In some embodiments, the UE 101 may automatically report, to the network entity 102-1, information (i.e., the second information) of the time of transmitting the first control information. In some embodiments, the first configuration may indicate the request for requesting the UE 101 to report the information of the time of transmitting the first control information, and the UE 101 may report the information of the time of transmitting the first control information according to the request from the network entity 102-1.
[0121] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the RIS 103 may transmit 330, to the UE 101, a response (e.g., ACK or NACK) for reception of the first control information.
[0122] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the network entity 102-1 may transmit 340 the second control information to the RIS 103.
[0123] In some embodiments, different types of control information of the RIS 103 may be transmitted by the network entity 102-1 and the UE 101 respectively. In this case, there is no overlapping of specific control information that may be transmitted by both the network entity 102-1 and the UE 101. In other words, the first control information may be different from the second control information.
[0124] In some embodiments, the network entity 102-1 and the UE 101 may transmit calculated or configured control information to the RIS 103. In this case, the network entity 102-1 and the UE 101 may transmit some same control information to the RIS 103. That is, at least a part of the first control information may be the same as that of the second control information.
[0125] In some embodiments, one or both of the first control information and the second control information may comprise required number of elements of the RIS 103. In other words, one or both of the UE 101 and the network entity 102-1 may indicate the required number of elements to the RIS 103. In this way, the required number of elements may be indicated to the RIS in an explicit way. In some embodiments, the first control information may comprise a required pattern of elements of the RIS 103. In other words, one or both of the UE 101 and the network entity 102-1 may indicate, to the RIS 103, the required pattern of elements, e.g., 6×6, 8×8, etc. In this way, the required number of elements may be indicated to the RIS in an implicit way. In some embodiments, the required number or pattern of elements may be indicated based on QoS requirements of the UE 101.
[0126] In some embodiments, one or both of the first control information and the second control information may comprise on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS 103. As used herein, the term “element group” refers to a group of RIS elements comprising two or more RIS elements. In some embodiments, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits. For example, one bit may be used to indicate the on or off information of each element. In another example, two or more bits may be used to indicate a group of elements or a pattern of elements. In some embodiments, the on or off information may be indicated based on QoS requirements of the UE 101.
[0127] In some embodiments, one or both of the first control information and the second control information may comprise directivity information of the RIS 103. In some embodiments, the directivity information may comprise measurement results of a link (for convenience, also referred to as a second link herein) between the RIS 103 and the UE 101. In some embodiments, the directivity information may comprise a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS 103.
[0128] In some embodiments, the UE 101 may measure the RIS-UE link and obtain the measurement results of the RIS-UE link. In some embodiments, the UE 101 may transmit the measurement results of the RIS-UE link to the RIS 103. Alternatively, the UE 101 may determine a preferred direction or beamforming based on the measurement results of the RIS-UE link and transmit the preferred direction or beamforming to the RIS 103.
[0129] In some embodiments, the network entity 102-1 may receive the measurement results of the RIS-UE link from the UE 101. In some embodiments, the network entity 102-1 may transmit the measurement results of the RIS-UE link to the RIS 103. Alternatively, the network entity 102-1 may determine a preferred direction or beamforming based on the measurement results of the RIS-UE link and transmit the preferred direction or beamforming to the RIS 103.
[0130] In some embodiments, one or both of the first control information and the second control information may comprise a coefficient of an element of the RIS 103. In some embodiments, the UE 101 may generate a coefficient of each element of the RIS 103 based on the measurement results of the RIS-UE link. In some embodiments, the network entity 102-1 may generate a coefficient of each element of the RIS 103 based on the measurement results of the RIS-UE link received from the UE 101. In some embodiments, the network entity 102-1 may receive, from the UE 101, the coefficient of each element of the RIS 103 generated by the UE 101 based on the measurement results of the RIS-UE link, and transmit the coefficient of each element to the RIS 103.
[0131] In some embodiments, the second control information may comprise an indication of an operating mode of the RIS 103. In other words, the network entity 102-1 may transmit, to the RIS 103, the indication of the operating mode of the RIS 103. In some embodiments, based on RIS deployment or UE traffic requirement, the network entity 102-1 may indicate or transfer a preferred RIS operating mode or preferred operating mode of several specific elements to the RIS 103 if the RIS 103 has multiple functions (e.g., simultaneously transmitting and reflecting the RIS 103) . In some embodiments, the operating mode may comprise a reflection mode, a transmission mode, etc.
[0132] In some embodiments, the second control information may comprise information of a TDD configuration for a link (for convenience, also referred to as a first link herein) between the network entity 102-1 and the RIS 103 and the second link between the network entity 102-1 and the UE 101. In other words, the network entity 102-1 may transmit UL / DL TDD configuration information to the RIS 103, including UL / DL TDD configuration information for both the BS-RIS link and the RIS-UE link.
[0133] In some embodiments, the second control information may comprise timing information for the first and second links. In some embodiments, the network entity 102-1 may determine the timing information based on assistance information. In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise locations (e.g., accurate locations or approximate locations) of the network entity 102-1, the RIS 103 and the UE 101. In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise a moving trajectory of the RIS 103, e.g., a moving speed of the RIS 103, a moving direction of the RIS 103, etc. In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise a moving trajectory of the UE 101, e.g., a moving speed of the UE 101, a moving direction of the UE 101, etc. It is to be understood that any combinations of the above assistance information may also be feasible.
[0134] In some embodiments, a former control node (e.g., the network entity 102-1) may transmit, to a new control node (e.g., the UE 101) , an indication that the new control node is authorized as a control node of the RIS 103.
[0135] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the RIS 103 may transmit 350, to the network entity 102-1, a response (e.g., ACK or NACK) for reception of the second control information.
[0136] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the RIS 103 may perform 360 a forwarding between the network entity 102-1 and the UE 101 based on at least one of the first control information or the second control information.
[0137] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the RIS 103 may receive 361, from the network entity 102-1, a configuration (also referred to as a second configuration herein) for RIS forwarding, and perform the forwarding based on the second configuration.
[0138] In some embodiments, the second configuration may indicate that the RIS 103 is controlled (i.e., always controlled) by the network entity 102-1 during a time window (also referred to as a first time window herein) , at a frequency (also referred to as a first frequency herein) , within a range (also referred to as a first range herein) of frequency resources, or for a traffic type (also referred to as a first traffic type herein) . In some embodiments, during the first time window, at the first frequency, within the first range, or for the first traffic type, the RIS 103 may discard the first control information received from the UE 101, and forward data information according to the second control information received from the network entity 102-1.
[0139] In some embodiments, the second configuration may indicate that the RIS 103 is controlled by the UE 101 during a time window (also referred to as a second time window herein) , at a frequency (also referred to as a second frequency herein) , within a range (also referred to as a second range herein) of frequency resources, or for a traffic type (also referred to as a second traffic type herein) . In some embodiments, during the second time window, at the second frequency, within the second range, or for the second traffic type, the RIS 103 may discard the second control information received from the network entity 102-1, and forward data information according to the first control information received from the UE 101.
[0140] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the RIS 103 may receive 362, from the network entity 102-1, a configuration (also referred to as a third configuration herein) indicating a parameter or parameter group (i.e., one or more specific control information of the RIS 103) , and perform the forwarding based on information of the parameter or parameter group.
[0141] In some embodiments, the parameter or parameter group may comprise one or more parameters in the first or second control information. For example, the parameter or parameter group may comprise one or more of the following: required number of elements of the RIS 103, a required pattern of elements of the RIS 103, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS 103, directivity information of the RIS 103, a coefficient of an element of the RIS 103, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS 103, information of a TDD configuration for the first link between the base station and the RIS 103 and the second link between the RIS 103 and the UE 101, or timing information for the first and second links.
[0142] In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on a priority of the parameter or parameter group. For example, the priority of the parameter or parameter group may be preconfigured or predefined. In some embodiments, if the parameter or parameter group (e.g., a coefficient of an element of the RIS 103) indicated in the first control information from the UE 101 has a priority higher than that indicated in the second control information from the network entity 102-1, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the first control information. In some embodiments, if the parameter or parameter group indicated in the second control information from the network entity 102-1 has a priority higher than that indicated in the first control information from the UE 101, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the second control information.
[0143] In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on whether a latest value of the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information. In some embodiments, if the latest value is received in the first control information from the UE 101, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the first control information. In some embodiments, if the latest value is received in the second control information from the network entity 102-1, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the second control information.
[0144] In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on received quality (e.g., best quality) of the parameter or parameter group. In some embodiments, if the parameter or parameter group with the best quality is received in the first control information from the UE 101, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the first control information. In some embodiments, if the parameter or parameter group with the best quality is received in the second control information from the network entity 102-1, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the second control information.
[0145] In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on whether the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information. In some embodiments, if the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information from the UE 101, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the first control information. In some embodiments, if the parameter or parameter group is received in the second control information from the network entity 102-1, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding based on the second control information.
[0146] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the RIS 103 may select 363 one of the first and second control information based on a rule and perform the forwarding based on the selected control information. In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may randomly select one of the first and second control information. In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may select one of the first and second control information that is firstly received. In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may select one of the first and second control information that is received at a time (i.e., at a specific time) .
[0147] In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may select one of the first and second control information based on whether data information to be forwarded is transmitted from the network entity 102-1 or the UE 101. In some embodiments, if the data information is transmitted from the network entity 102-1 to the UE 101, the RIS 103 may select the first control information for the forwarding. In some embodiments, if the data information is transmitted from the UE 101 to the network entity 102-1, the RIS 103 may select the second control information for the forwarding.
[0148] In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may select one of the first and second control information based on number of responses or ACKs to the first and second control information, e.g., in a period of time. In some embodiments, if the number of responses or ACKs to the first control information is larger than the number of responses or ACKs to the second control information, the RIS 103 may select the first control information for the forwarding. In some embodiments, if the number of responses or ACKs to the second control information is larger than the number of responses or ACKs to the first control information, the RIS 103 may select the second control information for the forwarding.
[0149] In some embodiments, the RIS 103 may transmit, to the network entity 102-1, information of the selection of the one of the first and second control information. That is, the RIS 103 may report the selected rule or control node to the network entity 102-1.
[0150] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the RIS 103 may perform 364 the forwarding based on different states of the RIS 103. In some embodiments, if the RIS 103 is in an initial access procedure, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding upon reception of a set of parameters (e.g., all control information) for controlling the RIS 103. In some embodiments, if the initial access procedure is completed, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding upon reception of a parameter or parameter group in the set of parameters. That is, after completing the initial access procedure, the RIS 103 may perform the forwarding according to the received one or more specific control information.
[0151] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the UE 101 may stop 370 the transmission of the first control information if the condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information is satisfied. In some embodiments, if the number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information is larger than the first number threshold and no response to the first control information is received from the RIS 103, the UE 101 may stop the transmission of the first control information. In some embodiments, if the number of NACKs to the first control information received from the RIS 103 is larger than the second number threshold, the UE 101 may stop the transmission of the first control information. In some embodiments, once a response or an ACK to the first control information is received from the RIS 103, the UE 101 may stop the transmission of the first control information. In some embodiments, if the number of responses or ACKs to the first control information received from the RIS 103 is larger than the third number threshold, the UE 101 may stop the transmission of the first control information. In some embodiments, if the indication of stopping the transmission of the first control information is received from the network entity 102-1 or the RIS 103, the UE 101 may stop the transmission of the first control information. It is to be understood that the UE 101 may stop the transmission of the first control information upon any combinations of the above conditions are satisfied.
[0152] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the network entity 102-1 may stop 380 the transmission of the second control information if a condition for stopping the transmission of the second control information is satisfied. In some embodiments, if number of retransmissions or repetitions of the second control information is larger than a fourth number threshold and no response to the second control information is received from the RIS 103, the network entity 102-1 may stop the transmission of the second control information. In some embodiments, if number of NACKs to the second control information received from the RIS 103 is larger than a fifth number threshold, the network entity 102-1 may stop the transmission of the second control information. In some embodiments, once a response or an ACK to the second control information is received from the RIS 103, the network entity 102-1 may stop the transmission of the second control information. In some embodiments, if number of responses or ACKs to the second control information received from the RIS 103 is larger than a sixth number threshold, the network entity 102-1 may stop the transmission of the second control information. In some embodiments, if an indication of stopping the transmission of the second control information is received, the network entity 102-1 may stop the transmission of the second control information.
[0153] With the process 300, a BS and a UE may be coordinated to control a RIS and a control and forwarding of the RIS may be enhanced. It is to be understood that operations described in the process 300 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0154] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a device 500 that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 500 may be an example of a base station, a UE, or a core network element as described herein. The device 500 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities, UEs, core network elements or any combination thereof. The device 500 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 502, a memory 504, a transceiver 506, and, optionally, an I / O controller 508. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0155] The processor 502, the memory 504, the transceiver 506, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 502, the memory 504, the transceiver 506, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0156] In some implementations, the processor 502, the memory 504, the transceiver 506, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 502 and the memory 504 coupled with the processor 502 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 502, instructions stored in the memory 504) .
[0157] For example, the processor 502 may support wireless communication at the device 500 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some embodiments where the device 500 is a UE, the processor 502 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, from a BS, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS; and transmitting the first control information to the RIS based on the first configuration. In some embodiments where the device 500 is a BS, the processor 502 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, to a UE, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS; and transmitting, to the RIS, second control information for controlling the RIS. In some embodiments where the device 500 is a RIS, the processor 502 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, from a UE, first control information for controlling the RIS; receiving, from a BS, second control information for controlling the RIS; and performing a forwarding between the UE and the BS based on at least one of the first control information or the second control information.
[0158] The processor 502 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 502 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 502. The processor 502 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 504) to cause the device 500 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0159] The memory 504 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 502 cause the device 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 502 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 504 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0160] The I / O controller 508 may manage input and output signals for the device 500. The I / O controller 508 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 500. In some implementations, the I / O controller 508 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 508 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 508 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 506. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 500 via the I / O controller 508 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 508.
[0161] In some implementations, the device 500 may include a single antenna 510. However, in some other implementations, the device 500 may have more than one antenna 510 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 506 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 510, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 506 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 506 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 510 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 510. The transceiver 506 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0162] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 510 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0163] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 510 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0164] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a processor 600 that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 600 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may include a controller 602 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may optionally include at least one memory 604, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 600 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 606. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0165] The processor 600 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0166] The controller 602 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 602 may operate as a control unit of the processor 600, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 600. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0167] The controller 602 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 604 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 602 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 604. The controller 602 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 602 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 602 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 600. The controller 602 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 600.
[0168] The memory 604 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 600 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 604 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the memory 604 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 600) .
[0169] The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 600, cause the processor 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 602 and / or the processor 600 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the processor 600 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 600 and / or the controller 602 may be coupled with or to the memory 604, and the processor 600, the controller 602, and the memory 604 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 600 may include multiple processors and the memory 604 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0170] The one or more ALUs 606 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . One or more ALUs 606 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 606 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 606 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 606 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 606 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0171] The processor 600 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some embodiments where the processor 600 is implemented at a UE, the processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for: receiving, from a BS, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS; and transmitting the first control information to the RIS based on the first configuration. In some embodiments where the processor 600 is implemented at a BS, the processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for: transmitting, to a UE, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS; and transmitting, to the RIS, second control information for controlling the RIS. In some embodiments where the processor 600 is implemented at a RIS, the processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for: receiving, from a UE, first control information for controlling the RIS; receiving, from a BS, second control information for controlling the RIS; and performing a forwarding between the UE and the BS based on at least one of the first control information or the second control information.
[0172] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 101) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0173] At block 710, the method 700 may comprise receiving, from a BS, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0174] At block 720, the method 700 may comprise transmitting the first control information to the RIS based on the first configuration. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0175] In some embodiments, the first configuration may indicate at least one of the following: first information of a resource of transmitting the first control information, second information of a time of transmitting the first control information, a condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information, or a transmission type associated with the first control information and second control information, the second control information being transmitted from the base station to the RIS.
[0176] In some embodiments, the first information may indicate a shared resource for the transmission of the first control information, and the first configuration may further indicate a request for requesting the UE to report the second information of the time of transmitting the first control information.
[0177] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: a starting time point of transmitting the first control information, a set of time durations of transmitting the first control information, an ending time point of transmitting the first control information, number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information, a periodicity of a time duration in the set of time durations, number of time durations in the set of time durations, or a starting time point in the time duration.
[0178] In some embodiments, the condition may comprise at least one of the following: number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information is larger than a first number threshold and no response to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of NACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a second number threshold; a response or an ACK to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of responses or ACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a third number threshold; or an indication of stopping the transmission of the first control information is received.
[0179] In some embodiments, the transmission type may indicate one of the following: the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in time durations; the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in parts of a time duration; the first control information and the second control information are simultaneously transmitted in a time duration; or the first control information and the second control information are transmitted at different time in a time duration.
[0180] In some embodiments, the second control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, a coefficient of an element of the RIS, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS, information of a TDD configuration for a first link between the base station and the RIS and a second link between the RIS and the UE, or timing information for the first and second links.
[0181] In some embodiments, the first control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, or a coefficient of an element of the RIS.
[0182] In some embodiments, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits. In some embodiments, the directivity information may comprise: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.
[0183] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of another method 800 that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a BS (e.g., the network entity 102-1) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0184] At block 810, the method 800 may comprise transmitting, to a UE, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a RIS. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0185] In some embodiments, the first configuration may indicate at least one of the following: first information of a resource of transmitting the first control information, second information of a time of transmitting the first control information, a condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information, or a transmission type associated with the first control information and the second control information.
[0186] In some embodiments, the first information may indicate a shared resource for the transmission of the first control information, and the first configuration may further indicate a request for requesting the UE to report the second information of the time of transmitting the first control information.
[0187] In some embodiments, the second information may comprise at least one of the following: a starting time point of transmitting the first control information, a set of time durations of transmitting the first control information, an ending time point of transmitting the first control information, number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information, a periodicity of a time duration in the set of time durations, number of time durations in the set of time durations, or a starting time point in the time duration.
[0188] In some embodiments, the condition may comprise at least one of the following: number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information is larger than a first number threshold and no response to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of NACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a second number threshold; a response or an ACK to the first control information is received from the RIS; number of responses or ACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a third number threshold; or an indication of stopping the transmission of the first control information is received.
[0189] In some embodiments, the transmission type may indicate one of the following: the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in time durations; the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in parts of a time duration; the first control information and the second control information are simultaneously transmitted in a time duration; or the first control information and the second control information are transmitted at different time in a time duration.
[0190] In some embodiments, the first control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, or a coefficient of an element of the RIS.
[0191] At block 820, the method 800 may comprise transmitting, to the RIS, second control information for controlling the RIS. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0192] In some embodiments, the second control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, a coefficient of an element of the RIS, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS, information of a TDD configuration for a first link between the BS and the RIS and a second link between the RIS and the UE, or timing information for the first and second links.
[0193] In some embodiments, the method 800 may further comprise: determining the timing information based on at least one of the following: locations of the BS, the RIS and the UE; a moving trajectory of the RIS; or a moving trajectory of the UE.
[0194] In some embodiments, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits. In some embodiments, the directivity information may comprise: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.
[0195] In some embodiments, the method 800 may further comprise: stopping transmitting the second control information based on at least one of the following: number of retransmissions or repetitions of the second control information is larger than a fourth number threshold and no response to the second control information is received from the RIS; number of NACKs to the second control information received from the RIS is larger than a fifth number threshold; a response or an ACK to the second control information is received from the RIS; number of responses or ACKs to the second control information received from the RIS is larger than a sixth number threshold; or an indication of stopping the transmission of the second control information is received.
[0196] In some embodiments, the method 800 may further comprise: transmitting, to the RIS, a second configuration indicating one of the following: the RIS is controlled by the base station during a first time window, at a first frequency, within a first range of frequency resources, or for a first traffic type; or the RIS is controlled by the UE during a second time window, at a second frequency, within a second range of frequency resources, or for a second traffic type.
[0197] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another method 900 that supports coordinating a BS and a UE to control a RIS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a RIS (e.g., the RIS 103) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0198] At block 910, the method 900 may comprise receiving, from a UE, first control information for controlling the RIS. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0199] In some embodiments, the first control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, or a coefficient of an element of the RIS.
[0200] In some embodiments, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits. In some embodiments, the directivity information may comprise: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.
[0201] At block 920, the method 900 may comprise receiving, from a BS, second control information for controlling the RIS. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0202] In some embodiments, the second control information may comprise at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, a coefficient of an element of the RIS, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS, information of a TDD configuration for a first link between the base station and the RIS and a second link between the RIS and the UE, or timing information for the first and second links.
[0203] In some embodiments, the on or off information may be indicated by one or more bits. In some embodiments, the directivity information may comprise: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.
[0204] At block 930, the method 900 may comprise performing a forwarding between the UE and the BS based on at least one of the first control information or the second control information. The operations of 930 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 930 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0205] In some embodiments, performing the forwarding may comprise: receiving, from the base station, a second configuration indicating one of the following: the RIS is controlled by the base station during a first time window, at a first frequency, within a first range of frequency resources, or for a first traffic type, or the RIS is controlled by the UE during a second time window, at a second frequency, within a second range of frequency resources, or for a second traffic type; and performing the forwarding based on the second configuration.
[0206] In some embodiments, performing the forwarding may comprise: receiving, from the base station, a third configuration indicating a parameter or parameter group; and performing the forwarding based on at least one of the following: a priority of the parameter or parameter group, a latest value of the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information, received quality of the parameter or parameter group, or the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information.
[0207] In some embodiments, performing the forwarding may comprise: performing the forwarding based on one of the following: one of the first and second control information that is selected randomly; one of the first and second control information that is firstly received; one of the first and second control information that is received at a time; one of the first and second control information that is selected based on whether data information to be forwarded is transmitted from the base station or the UE; or one of the first and second control information that is selected based on number of responses or ACKs to the first and second control information.
[0208] In some embodiments, the method 900 may further comprise: transmitting, to the BS, information of a selection of the one of the first and second control information.
[0209] In some embodiments, performing the forwarding may comprise: in accordance with a determination that the RIS is in an initial access procedure, performing the forwarding upon reception of a set of parameters; or in accordance with a determination that the initial access procedure is completed, performing the forwarding upon reception of a parameter or parameter group in the set of parameters.
[0210] It is to be understood that the operations of the methods 700 to 900 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 3 to 4D, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0211] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0212] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0213] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0214] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0215] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on” . Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0216] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to cause the UE to:receive, from a base station, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) ; andtransmit the first control information to the RIS based on the first configuration.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first configuration indicates at least one of the following:first information of a resource of transmitting the first control information,second information of a time of transmitting the first control information,a condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information, ora transmission type associated with the first control information and second control information, the second control information being transmitted from the base station to the RIS.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the first information indicates a shared resource for the transmission of the first control information, and the first configuration further indicates a request for requesting the UE to report the second information of the time of transmitting the first control information.4.The UE of claim 2, wherein the second information comprises at least one of the following:a starting time point of transmitting the first control information,a set of time durations of transmitting the first control information,an ending time point of transmitting the first control information,number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information,a periodicity of a time duration in the set of time durations,number of time durations in the set of time durations, ora starting time point in the time duration.5.The UE of claim 2, wherein the condition comprises at least one of the following:number of retransmissions or repetitions of the first control information is larger than a first number threshold and no response to the first control information is received from the RIS;number of negative acknowledgements (NACKs) to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a second number threshold;a response or an acknowledgement (ACK) to the first control information is received from the RIS;number of responses or ACKs to the first control information received from the RIS is larger than a third number threshold; oran indication of stopping the transmission of the first control information is received.6.The UE of claim 2, wherein the transmission type indicates one of the following:the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in time durations;the first control information and the second control information are alternately transmitted in parts of a time duration;the first control information and the second control information are simultaneously transmitted in a time duration; orthe first control information and the second control information are transmitted at different time in a time duration.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first control information comprises at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, or a coefficient of an element of the RIS,wherein the on or off information is indicated by one or more bits, andwherein the directivity information comprises: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.8.A base station, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to cause the base station to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) ; andtransmit, to the RIS, second control information for controlling the RIS.9.The base station of claim 8, wherein the first configuration indicates at least one of the following:first information of a resource of transmitting the first control information,second information of a time of transmitting the first control information,a condition for stopping the transmission of the first control information, ora transmission type associated with the first control information and the second control information.10.The base station of claim 9, wherein the second control information comprises at least one of the following: required number of elements of the RIS, a required pattern of elements of the RIS, on or off information of an element or element group of the RIS, directivity information of the RIS, a coefficient of an element of the RIS, an indication of an operating mode of the RIS, information of a time division duplex (TDD) configuration for a first link between the base station and the RIS and a second link between the RIS and the UE, or timing information for the first and second links,wherein the on or off information is indicated by one or more bits, andwherein the directivity information comprises: measurement results of a second link between the RIS and the UE, or a determined or preferred direction or beamforming of the RIS.11.The base station of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the base station to determine the timing information based on at least one of the following: locations of the base station, the RIS and the UE, a moving trajectory of the RIS, or a moving trajectory of the UE.12.The base station of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the base station to:stop transmitting the second control information based on at least one of the following:number of retransmissions or repetitions of the second control information is larger than a fourth number threshold and no response to the second control information is received from the RIS;number of negative acknowledgements (NACKs) to the second control information received from the RIS is larger than a fifth number threshold;a response or an acknowledgement (ACK) to the second control information is received from the RIS;number of responses or ACKs to the second control information received from the RIS is larger than a sixth number threshold; oran indication of stopping the transmission of the second control information is received.13.The base station of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the base station to:transmit, to the RIS, a second configuration indicating one of the following:the RIS is controlled by the base station during a first time window, at a first frequency, within a first range of frequency resources, or for a first traffic type; orthe RIS is controlled by the UE during a second time window, at a second frequency, within a second range of frequency resources, or for a second traffic type.14.A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to cause the RIS to:receive, from a user equipment (UE) , first control information for controlling the RIS;receive, from a base station, second control information for controlling the RIS; andperform a forwarding between the UE and the base station based on at least one of the first control information or the second control information.15.The RIS of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to cause the RIS to perform the forwarding by:receiving, from the base station, a second configuration indicating one of the following:the RIS is controlled by the base station during a first time window, at a first frequency, within a first range of frequency resources, or for a first traffic type, orthe RIS is controlled by the UE during a second time window, at a second frequency, within a second range of frequency resources, or for a second traffic type; andperforming the forwarding based on the second configuration.16.The RIS of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to cause the RIS to perform the forwarding by:receiving, from the base station, a third configuration indicating a parameter or parameter group; andperforming the forwarding based on at least one of the following:a priority of the parameter or parameter group,a latest value of the parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information,received quality of the parameter or parameter group, orthe parameter or parameter group is received in the first control information or the second control information.17.The RIS of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to cause the RIS to perform the forwarding based on one of the following:one of the first and second control information that is selected randomly;one of the first and second control information that is firstly received;one of the first and second control information that is received at a time;one of the first and second control information that is selected based on whether data information to be forwarded is transmitted from the base station or the UE; orone of the first and second control information that is selected based on number of responses or acknowledgements (ACKs) to the first and second control information.18.The RIS of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the RIS to:transmit, to the base station, information of a selection of the one of the first and second control information.19.The RIS of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to cause the RIS to perform the forwarding by:in accordance with a determination that the RIS is in an initial access procedure, performing the forwarding upon reception of a set of parameters; orin accordance with a determination that the initial access procedure is completed, performing the forwarding upon reception of a parameter or parameter group in the set of parameters.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive, from a base station, a first configuration indicating a transmission of first control information for controlling a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) ; andtransmit the first control information to the RIS based on the first configuration.
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