Methods and systems enabling secure data lookup in decentral systems

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of sustainability, in particular to the field of sustainable production, end product re-use and end product recycling. The disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, decentral network nodes, end products or components thereof and computer elements for enabling access to or accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production. The disclosure further relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, decentral network nodes, and computer elements for enabling access to or for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing, such as recycling or re-use, of a used output product or a component thereof. The disclosure further relates to an output product associated with an access element generated and provided according to the present disclosure.

Description

[0001] METHODS AND SYSTEMS ENABLING SECURE DATA LOOKUP IN DECENTRAL SYSTEMS

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The invention relates to the field of sustainability, in particular to the field of sustainable production, end product re-use and end product recycling. The disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, decentral network nodes, and computer elements for enabling access to or accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production. The disclosure further relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, decentral network nodes, and computer elements for enabling access to or for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing, such as recycling or re-use, of a used output product or a component thereof. The disclosure further relates to an output product associated with an access element generated and provided according to the present disclosure.

[0004] TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0005] Re-use or recycling of used end products or components thereof may be challenging owing to contained substances from input material(s) used to produce end products or the components thereof. In addition, the feed of input materials into chemical value chains is particularly challenging since chemical plants processing input material, such as recyclate produced from such used end products or components thereof, are large scale plants with narrow feed specifications. Data on chemical and / or physical properties critical for production and / or processing, such as re-use or recycling, may be shared in a secured and controlled manner within a decentral network allowing such data to remain in the ownership of the data owner. Such data may be made available within the decentral network by registering such data in a decentral registry. The decentral registry may be queried by data consumers, such as producers producing output products and / or entities performing processing of produced output products, such as recycler(s) and entities performing re-use operation(s), to locate the data on critical chemical and / or physical properties of input material(s) and / or the used output product or component thereof within the decentral registry or decentral registries. When registering data, publicly available additional search fields identifying such input material(s), used output products or components thereof, such as a material name or product name, may be added to allow data consumers to search for known terms. Since the material name and / or product name may contain the name of the customer or a certain customer specification, use of such publicly available names could reveal information about supply chains and customer relationship to third parties, raising antitrust concerns. Such concerns may be mitigated by defining access and usage permissions for such additional search fields. However, this hampers reliable access to such data on chemical and / or physical properties critical for production of the output products and / or for processing of used output products or components thereof, hence reducing the feed of input material(s) to productions and / or the refeed of used output products or components thereof into re-use chains or recycling chains and the built up of circular ecosystems to develop a low-carbon circular economy.

[0006] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Disclosed is in one aspect a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production, the method comprising the steps of:

[0008] • collecting data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of the output product;

[0009] • providing one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product;

[0010] • providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0011] • transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0012] • generating access data associated with the property data;

[0013] • generating an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;

[0014] • providing the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by one or more data consuming network node(s) of the decentral network under control of a data providing network node associated with a producer of the output product.

[0015] Disclosed is in another aspect a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production, the method comprising the steps of:

[0016] • collecting data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of the output product;

[0017] • providing one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product;

[0018] • providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0019] • transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0020] • generating access data associated with the property data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the property data stored in a database associated with a producer of the output product for access by one or more data consumer(s),

[0021] • generating an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data; providing the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by the one or more data consumer(s) under control of a data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product.

[0022] Disclosed is in a further aspect an apparatus for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production, the apparatus comprising:

[0023] • a data collection interface configured to collect data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of the output product;

[0024] • an identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product;

[0025] • a rule providing interface configured to provide a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0026] • a data transformer configured to transform at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0027] • an access data generator configured to generate access data associated with the property data;

[0028] • an access element generator configured to generate an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;

[0029] • a decentral network interface configured to provide the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by one or more data consuming network node(s) of the decentral network under control of a data providing network node associated with a producer of the output product.

[0030] Disclosed is in a further aspect an apparatus for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production, the apparatus comprising:

[0031] • a data collection interface configured to collect data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of the output product;

[0032] • an identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product;

[0033] • a rule providing interface configured to provide a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0034] • a data transformer configured to transform at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0035] • an access data generator configured to generate access data associated with the property data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the property data stored in a database associated with a producer of the output product for access by one or more data consumer(s);

[0036] • an access element generator configured to generate an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;

[0037] • a decentral network interface configured to provide the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by the one or more data consumer(s) under control of a data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product.

[0038] Disclosed is in one aspect a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing, in particular re-using or recycling, of a used output product or a component thereof, the method comprising the steps of:

[0039] • collecting data related to the production of the used output product or the component thereof, in particular per production step associated with the output product or component thereof, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing of the used output product or the component thereof;

[0040] • providing one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product or the component thereof;

[0041] • providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0042] • transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0043] • generating access data associated with the property data;

[0044] • generating an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;

[0045] • providing the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by one or more data consuming network node(s) of the decentral network under control of a data providing network node associated with a producer of the used output product or the component thereof.

[0046] Disclosed is in one aspect a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing, in particular re-using or recycling, of a used output product or a component thereof, the method comprising the steps of:

[0047] • collecting data related to the production of the used output product or the component thereof, in particular per production step associated with the output product or component thereof, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing of the used output product or the component thereof;

[0048] • providing one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product or the component thereof; • providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0049] • transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0050] • generating access data associated with the property data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the property data stored in a database associated with a producer of the output product or the component thereof for access by one or more data consumer(s);

[0051] • generating an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;

[0052] • providing the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by the one or more data consumer(s) under control of a data providing network node associated with the producer of the used output product or the component thereof.

[0053] Disclosed is in a further aspect an apparatus for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing in particular re-using or recycling, of a used output product or a component thereof, the apparatus comprising:

[0054] • a data collection interface configured to collect data related to the production of the output product or the component thereof, in particular per production step associated with the output product or component thereof, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing of the used output product or the component thereof;

[0055] • an identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product or the component thereof;

[0056] • a rule providing interface configured to provide a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0057] • a data transformer configured to transform at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0058] • an access data generator configured to generate access data associated with the property data;

[0059] • an access element generator configured to generate an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;

[0060] • a decentral network interface configured to provide the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by one or more data consuming network node(s) of the decentral network under control of a data providing network node associated with a producer of the output product or the component thereof. Disclosed is in a further aspect an apparatus for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing in particular re-using or recycling, of a used output product or a component thereof, the apparatus comprising:

[0061] • a data collection interface configured to collect data related to the production of the output product or the component thereof, in particular per production step associated with the output product or component thereof, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing of the used output product or the component thereof;

[0062] • an identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product or the component thereof;

[0063] • a rule providing interface configured to provide a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions;

[0064] • a data transformer configured to transform at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set;

[0065] • an access data generator configured to generate access data associated with the property data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the property data stored in a database associated with a producer of the output product or the component thereof for access by one or more data consumer(s);

[0066] • an access element generator configured to generate an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;

[0067] • a decentral network interface configured to provide the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by the one or more data consumer(s) under control of a data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product or the component thereof.

[0068] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof, the method comprising the steps of:

[0069] • providing data associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof,

[0070] • providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data associated with input material(s) and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0071] • generating query data by transforming at least a part of the provided data based on the provided rule set;

[0072] • gathering one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the input material(s), the used output product or the component thereof via a decentral network based on the generated query data, • gathering one or more access element(s) via the decentral network based on the gathered decentral identifier(s), wherein the one or more access element(s) are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein,

[0073] • requesting via the decentral network access to property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product and / or for processing of the used output product or the component thereof based on access data associated with the property data and included in the gathered access element(s).

[0074] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect an apparatus for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof, the apparatus comprising:

[0075] • a data providing interface configured to provide data associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof,

[0076] • a rule providing interface configured to provide a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data associated with input material(s) and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0077] • a query data generator configured to generate query data by transforming at least a part of the provided data based on the provided rule set;

[0078] • an identifier providing interface configured to gather one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the input material(s) and / or the used output product or the component thereof via a decentral network based on the generated query data,

[0079] • an access element providing interface configured to provide one or more access element(s) based on the gathered decentral identifier(s), wherein the one or more access element(s) are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein,

[0080] • a decentral network interface configured to request access to property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product and / or for processing of the used output product or the component thereof based on access data associated with the property data and included in the gathered access element(s).

[0081] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for controlling and / or monitoring a process for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) or for processing a used output product or a component thereof, the method comprising the steps:

[0082] • providing data associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof,

[0083] • providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data associated with input material(s) and / or produced output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0084] • generating query data by transforming at least a part of the provided data associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof based on the provided rule set; • gathering one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof via a decentral network based on the generated query data,

[0085] • gathering one or more access element(s) via the decentral network based on the gathered decentral identifier(s), wherein the one or more access element(s) are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein,

[0086] • requesting via a decentral network access to property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of the output product or the processing of the used output product or the component thereof, in particular per production stage, based on access data associated with the property data and included in the gathered access element(s)

[0087] • controlling and / or monitoring the process for producing the output product or for processing of the used output product or the component thereof based on the accessed property data.

[0088] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect an apparatus for controlling and / or monitoring a process for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) or for processing a used output product or a component thereof, the apparatus comprising:

[0089] • a data providing interface configured to provide data associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof,

[0090] • a rule providing interface configured to provide a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data associated with input materials and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0091] • a query data generator configured to generate query data by transforming at least a part of the provided data associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof based on the provided rule set;

[0092] • an identifier providing interface configured to gather one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof via a decentral network based on the generated query data,

[0093] • an access element providing interface configured to provide one or more access element(s) based on the gathered decentral identifier(s), wherein the one or more access element(s) are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein,

[0094] • a decentral network interface configured to request access to property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of the output product or the processing of the used output product or the component thereof based on access data associated with the property data and included in the gathered access element(s),

[0095] • a controlling and / or monitoring interface configured to control and / or monitor the process for producing the output product or for processing of the used output product or the component thereof based on the accessed property data. Disclosed is in yet a further aspect a production including the apparatus for controlling and / or monitoring a process for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) as disclosed herein and at least one production unit configured to produce the output product from the one or more input material(s).

[0096] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect a sorting system including the apparatus for controlling and / or monitoring a process for processing a used output product or a component thereof as disclosed herein and a sorting apparatus configured to sort the used output product or the component thereof into at least one waste fraction.

[0097] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect a refurbishing system including the apparatus for controlling and / or monitoring a process for processing a used output product or a component thereof as disclosed herein and a refurbishing apparatus configured to perform one or more refurbishing steps to refurbish the output end product or component thereof.

[0098] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect a decentral network node configured to provide an access element according to the methods as disclosed herein.

[0099] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect a decentral network node configured to access property data according to the methods disclosed herein.

[0100] Disclosed is in yet a further aspect an output product associated with an access element generated and provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein.

[0101] In yet another aspect disclosed is a computer element, in particular a computer program product or a computer readable medium, with instructions, which when executed on one or more computing node(s) are configured to carry out the steps of any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0102] In yet another aspect the present disclosure relates to a computer element with instructions, which when executed on one or more computing node(s) is configured to carry out the steps of the method(s) of the present disclosure or configured to be carried out by the apparatus(es) of the present disclosure.

[0103] Any disclosure, embodiments and examples described herein relate to the methods, the apparatuses, productions, systems, the decentral network nodes, the output products or components thereof and computer elements lined out above and below. Advantageously, the benefits provided by any of the embodiments and examples equally apply to all other embodiments and examples.

[0104] Embodiments

[0105] In the following, embodiments of the present disclosure will be outlined by ways of embodiments and / or examples. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to said embodiments and / or examples. To avoid damages to production units, the sharing of data to determine chemical and / or physical properties of input material(s) critical for the production, e.g. properties having a negative influence on the production process, of output product(s) from such input material(s) is crucial. To enable or improve processing, such as re-use or recycling, of used output products or components thereof, such as used end products or components of such used end products, the sharing of data to monitor chemical and / or physical properties critical for such processing, e.g. properties having a negative influence on the processing operation(s), is crucial. While such data may be shared within a decentral network in a controlled manner, data security implemented within the decentral network via access rights may hamper access to such data for entities producing output products and / or processing used output products.

[0106] By transforming readily available yet sensitive data, such as input material names and / or output product names including the name of the customer, customer specification(s), material or product property / ies, or the name of the manufacturer, such transformed data may remain publicly available within the decentral network as the transformed data does no longer reveal any sensitive information. Hence, such transformed data may be used within decentral registries to provide additional search terms apart from the decentral identifiers, which may not be known to all participants of the product ecosystem, in particular to entities processing the used output products, without having to implement complex access rights.

[0107] By transforming readily available yet sensitive data, the use of access rights to prevent leakage of sensitive data to unauthorized participants of the decentral network, is no longer required. Thus, locating the property data relating to chemical and / or physical properties critical for production of output products and / or processing of used output products stored within the decentral network may no longer be hampered by a lack of access rights to the decentral registries storing such data or storing access elements pointing to such data. Hence, use of the transformed data to query the decentral registries enables to reliably locate the property data and to request access to such data from the data provider associated with such property data.

[0108] By transforming readily available yet sensitive data, access to decentral registries storing access elements pointing to digital twins of output products or parts thereof, such as the property data, can remain unrestricted, hence allowing to reliably enable access to property data related to chemical and / or physical properties critical for the production of output products and / or the processing of used output products while at the same time avoiding that sensitive data gets publicly accessible via unrestricted access to such decentral registries. This ensures that property data related to chemical and / or physical properties critical for the production of output products and / or for the processing of used output products can be reliably identified by entities producing such output products and / or performing such processing operation(s), in particular recycling operation(s) and / or re-use operation(s), hence allowing to use such data to improve the production and / or processing. For instance, production yields and plant downtimes associated with the production of the output product and / or re-use or recycling rates, quality of recyclate or the output product resulting from the re-use operation may be improved using such property data. By controlling access to the property data by the data owner of the property data, such as the producer of the output product, the property data may be exchanged within the decentral manner in a reliable yet secure manner. This way, the sharing or exchange of property data can be conducted in a more flexible manner with multiple data consuming services from different participants of the chemical supply chain accessing the property data. By making data relating to substances critical for production of output products, e.g. composition data of input material(s) used to produce the output product, available for access by data consumer(s) via access elements per production stage, more efficient and reliable production can be ensured through accessing such data on production of the output product in a reliable yet controlled manner. By making data relating to substances critical for processing, in particular re-using or recycling, of the used output product or the component thereof, available for access by data consumer(s) via access elements per production stage, more efficient and reliable processing can be ensured through accessing such data on processing of the used output product or the component thereof in a reliable yet controlled manner.

[0109] Various units, entities, nodes or other computing components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. Configured to shall recite structure meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks on operation. The units, circuits, entities, nodes or other computing components can be configured to perform the task even when the unit / circuit / component is not operating. The units, circuits, entities, nodes or other computing components that form the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits and / or memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation. The units, circuits, entities, nodes or other computing components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions shall be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to.”

[0110] In general, the methods, apparatuses, systems, computer elements, nodes or other computing components described herein may include memory, software components and hardware components. The memory can include volatile memory such as static or dynamic random-access memory and / or nonvolatile memory such as optical or magnetic disk storage, flash memory, programmable read-only memories, etc. The hardware components may include any combination of combinatorial logic circuitry, clocked storage devices such as flops, registers, latches, etc., finite state machines, memory such as static random-access memory or embedded dynamic random-access memory, custom designed circuitry, programmable logic arrays, etc.

[0111] Enabling access may relate to or encompass enabling searching for and finding data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property. For instance, the access elements may allow searching and finding such data, for instance by querying such access elements using the generated query data. The access element(s) matching the query data may be provided and based on the data contained in the access elements, access to the at least one chemical and / or physical property may be enabled. The chemical property may be a property of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction. Hence, the chemical property may be any quality that can be established only by changing the chemical identity of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. Examples of chemical properties include heat of combustion, enthalpy of formation, toxicity, chemical stability in a given environment, flammability, oxidation state(s), ability to corrode, combustibility, acidity and basicity, chemical composition, recyclate content used for producing or manufacturing the product, bio-based content used for producing or manufacturing the product, renewable content used for producing or manufacturing the product and / or pH value.

[0112] The physical property may be any property of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof that is measurable. Hence, the value of a physical property describes a state of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. Examples of physical properties include absorption, brittleness, boiling point, capacitance, color, concentration, density, ductility, distribution, efficacy, elasticity, electric charge, electrical conductivity, electrical impedance, electric potential, flow rate, fluidity, hardness, heat capacity, inductance, intrinsic impedance, luminance, luminescence, luster, mass, melting point, opacity, permeability, permittivity, plasticity, pressure, radiance, resistivity, reflectivity, refractive index, solubility, specific heat, strength, stiffness, temperature, tension, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, viscosity, volume and / or wave impedance.

[0113] The at least one chemical and / or physical property may be a measured chemical and / or physical property. The measured at least one physical and / or chemical property may be obtained by sensors configured to measure such property. The sensor may be included in a measuring device. The sensor may correspond to the measuring device. For example, the physical and / or chemical property may include a property provided by sensors of a mobile device such as a camera, or measurement devices configured to measure at least one physical and / or chemical property.

[0114] The at least one chemical and / or physical property may be determined from collected data associated with the output product, used output product or component thereof and / or the use of the output product or component thereof. The data associated with the output product may be collected before, during and / or after production of the output product. The collected data may be used to determine at least one physical and / or chemical property of the produced output product. For instance, the at least one physical and / or chemical property may be determined from sensor data. Data associated with the use of the output product or component thereof may be collected via at least one identifier associated with the output product or the component thereof. The data may be collected during and / or after use of the output product or the component thereof. Collected data may include at least one measured physical and / or chemical property of the used output product or the component thereof. The measured physical and / or chemical property may include the chemical and / or physical properties described previously. The data may be collected with a suitable sensor configured to measure the chemical and / or physical property. The sensor data may be interrelated with the identifier associated with the output product or the component thereof. The chemical and / or physical property determined from the sensor data may be interrelated with the identifier associated with the output product or the component thereof. The identifier may be the product identifier. The identifier may be the decentral digital twin identifier. The decentral digital twin identifier may be linked to other decentral product identifier(s) according to a physical relation of the output product entity or the component entity with other physical entities e.g. those produced using the output product or those produced from the output product. The linking of the decentral digital twin identifier with other decentral product identifier(s) allows to determine the decentral participant node(s) storing the collected data associated with the use of the output product or the component thereof or the determined physical and / or chemical property. The collected data and / or the determined chemical and / or physical property may be provided by said decentral participant node(s) and may be stored within a digital twin of the output product, end product or the component thereof.

[0115] Chemical and / or physical properties critical for the production of output products (e.g. critical properties for production) may include chemical and / or physical properties of input material(s) used to produce the output product. Input material(s) used to produce the output product(s) may refer to input material(s) used in at least one production step of the output product production. The output product production may include one or more production steps. The at least one chemical property may include substances critical for the production. Such substances may be contained within the input material due to the use of production input(s) containing such substances. Critical properties for production may negatively impede the quality of the output product produced by such production process. Critical properties for production may negatively impede the production plant(s) processing the input material(s), for example may result in higher maintenance frequencies and / or longer downtimes. Critical properties for production may relate to the production process. Critical properties for production may relate to chemical and / or physical properties the output product. Critical properties for production may relate to the production process and the chemical and / or physical properties of the output product. Critical properties for production may include properties of input material(s) specific for one or more production process(es). Critical properties for production may relate to a chemical, thermal or physical production process. Critical properties for production may relate to a specific production process. Specific production processes may include steam cracking processes. Specific production processes may include mixing processes. Critical chemical properties may include substances such as sulfur, halogens, oxygen, phosphorus, metals and inorganics such as aluminum, antinomy, barium, calcium chromium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, lead, silicon, titanium, zinc, arsine, mercury, nickel, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0116] Chemical and / or physical properties critical for processing may include chemical and / or physical properties critical for recycling (e.g. critical properties for recycling) and / or critical for re-use (properties critical for re-use). Critical properties for recycling and / or for re-use may include chemical and / or physical properties of the used output product or the component thereof. The at least one chemical property may include substances critical for recycling and / or for re-use, Substances critical for recycling and / or re-use may be contained in the used output product or the component thereof. Substances critical for recycling and / or re-use may be contained in the used output product or the component thereof due to the use of production input(s) containing such critical substances. Critical properties for recycling may negatively impede the quality of recyclate produced by the recycling process. Critical properties for recycling may negatively impede one or more process step(s) of the recycling process. Critical properties for recycling may negatively impede plant(s) used to perform the recycling process, such as plant(s) used to perform one or more step(s) of the recycling process. Critical properties for recycling may relate to the recycling process. Critical properties for recycling may relate to the use of the recyclate. Critical properties for recycling may relate to the recycling process and the use of the recyclate. The critical properties for recycling may include properties specific for one or more recycling process(es). The critical properties for recycling may relate to a chemical, thermal or physical recycling process. The critical properties for recycling may relate to a specific chemical recycling process. Specific recycling processes may include specific recycling processes for recycling plastic material, such as a recycling process for producing a hydrocarbon recyclate, a chemical recycling process for producing a recyclate mixture including at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a chemical recycling process for producing a monomer recyclate or a solvent-based recycling process to produce a polymer recyclate. Specific recycling processes may include specific recycling processes for recycling batteries or parts thereof, such as a physical process for producing black mass and / or a chemical process for extracting metals or metal salts from such black mass. The critical properties for recycling may include properties specific for one or more uses of the recyclate produced by the recycling process. The critical properties for recycling may relate to a chemical recycling process producing a recyclate for a petrochemical process. The petrochemical process may include at least one process configured to break saturated hydrocarbons at least partially into unsaturated hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon recyclate may be produced by pyrolysis. Critical properties for recycling may include substances such as sulfur, halogens, oxygen, phosphorus, metals and inorganics such as aluminum, antinomy, barium, calcium chromium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, lead, silicon, titanium, zinc, arsine, mercury, nickel, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0117] Critical properties for re-use may negatively impede the quality of output product resulting from the reuse process. Critical properties for re-use may relate to the re-use process. Critical properties for re-use may relate to the use of the output product resulting from the re-use process. Critical properties for reuse may relate to the re-use process and the use of the output product resulting from the re-use process. The critical properties for re-use may include substances specific for one or more re-use process(es). The critical properties for re-use may relate to a refurbishing, refilling, remanufacturing, or repurposing process.

[0118] The output product may be any product produced by a production process from one or more input material(s). The output product produced by one entity of a production chain may be used by a downstream participant of such production chain as production input to produce further output product(s). The output product may be produced through a production including one or more production steps. The output product may be produced by an output product producer. The output product may be a chemical product. The output product may be a chemical intermediate product. The output product may be a component or part. The output product may be a component assembly. The output product may be an end product. The output product may be produced from one or more components and / or component assemblies. The end output may be produced from one or more chemical product(s). The output product may be the physical entity of the produced output product. The output product may be used by an output product user, such as a consumer or customer. The output product may be used through the lifecycle of the output product. Use of the output product may result in the used output product.

[0119] The used output product may be a used end product. The used end product may be an end-of-life product. The component of the used output product may be a component of a used end product. The component of the used end product may be a component of the end-of-life product. The output product may correspond to the used output product, for example if the output product is an end product.

[0120] The component may refer to a discrete component, a chemical product or an intermediate chemical product. The discrete component may be a component or a component assembly. The component may be produced from one or more input material (s). The input material(s) may be one or more chemical product(s). The input material(s) may be one or more chemical intermediate product(s). The component may be a physical entity of the produced component. The component may be used to produce the output product, e.g. the component may be included in the output product. Use of the component, for example by using the output product including the component, may result in the used component. The component may be obtained from the output product by disassembly of the output product.

[0121] The output product may be produced by a producer of the output product. The producer of the output product may be an entity operating a production producing the output product. The component may be used to produce the output product. The producer of the component may be an entity operating a production producing the component. The component may be used to produce the output product. The producer of the used output product may be an entity operating a production producing the output product associated with or related to the used output product. The produced output product may be used, for example by an output product user, to produce the used output product.

[0122] The output product, the used output product or the component thereof may be associated with data related to the production of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The data related to the production may relate to a digital twin of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The digital twin may include the data related to the production. The digital twin may include the property data relating to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product and / or critical for processing, in particular re-use or recycling, of the used output product or component thereof. Processing of used output products or components thereof may include recycling. Recycling may refer to any recovery operation by which an end-of-life (or waste) output product (e.g. any used output product which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard) are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes. Recycling may include the step of collecting the end-of-life output product. Recycling may include the step of sorting the end-of-life output product or the collected end-of-life output product. Recycling may include a step of collecting the end-of-life output product and a step of sorting the end-of-life output product. Recycling may include the reprocessing of organic material. Recycling of end-of-life output products may be performed on single-use output products, e.g. output products which are not reusable.

[0123] Processing of used output products or components thereof may include re-use. Re-use may refer to any operation by which a reusable output product is used again for the same purpose for which it was conceived (e.g. reusing, refurbishing, refilling, repairing). For instance, a used output product conceived to contain liquid or solid products may be re-used for the same purpose, e.g. re-used containing liquid or solid products. Re-use may refer to any operation by which a reusable output product is used again for a different purpose for which it was conceived (e.g. repurposing, remanufacturing). Re-use may include preparing the reusable output product for re-use, for example by performing checking, cleaning or repairing operations. Re-use may include the step of collecting the used output product. Re-use may include the step of sorting the used output product or the collected used output product. Re-use may include a step of collecting the used output product and a step of sorting the used output product.

[0124] Data relating to the production of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof may be collected at the production stage of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof by the producer of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. Data relating to production of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof may be collected in relation to production of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. Data relating to production may be collected prior to, on, during or after production of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. Data relating to production may be collected per production stage of the output product or the used output product. A production stage of the used output product may include a production stage of the component of the used output product. Production stage may include any production step in the production chain of the output product. The production chain may include one or more stages necessary to produce the output product or the used output product from one or more production input(s). For instance, the production chain associated with an output product being an end product may include one or more stages necessary to produce the end product from one or more production input(s). Such production input(s) may include the component.

[0125] An identifier element may be associated with or connected to the output product or the component thereof. The identifier element may be associated with or connected to the output product or the component thereof at least on production of the output product or component thereof. Through the identifier element the digital twin of the output product or the component thereof may be accessible through the decentral network. The identifier element may uniquely relate to the output product or the component thereof. The identifier element may uniquely relate to the digital output product or component identifier. The identifier element may encode the digital output product or component identifier. The digital output product or component identifier may uniquely relate to the output product or component. This way property data may be provided per output product / component or for individual output products / components.

[0126] The digital identifier, e.g. the digital output product identifier or digital component identifier, may be associated with one or more decentral identifier(s) uniquely related to the output product, or the component thereof, respectively. The digital identifier may include one or more decentral identifier(s) uniquely related to the output product or the component thereof, respectively. The decentral identifier(s) may signify the digital twin of the physical entity of the output product or the component thereof, respectively. The decentral identifier may be a digital identifier of or for the decentral network. The decentral identifier may be a digital identifier provided to the decentral network and participant nodes of the decentral network. The decentral identifier may hence signify physical entities of output products or components thereof, respectively, in the decentral network and participant nodes may be able to interpret the relation of the decentral identifier to the physical entities of output products or components thereof, respectively, of the material chain.

[0127] The decentral identifier may comprise any unique identifier uniquely associated with the producer of the output product or component thereof, and the respective output product or component thereof. The decentral identifier may include one or more Universally Unique Identifier(s) (UUID) or one or more Digital Identifier(s) (DID(s)). The decentral identifier may be issued by a central or decentral identity issuer. The decentral identifier may include authentication information. Via the decentral identifier and its unique association with the with the producer of the output product or the component thereof, and the output product or the component thereof, access to property data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production and / or processing may be controlled by the producer of the output product or the component thereof. This contrasts with central authority schemes, where identifiers are provided by such central authority and access to data is controlled by such central authority. Decentral in this context refers to the usage of the identifier as controlled by the data owner, such as the producer of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The data owner may refer to the owner of the property data. The data owner may correspond to or be related to the entity producing the output product or the component thereof. The data owner may correspond to or be related with an entity producing a production input, such as a chemical product, used to produce the output product or the component or the end product. The property data may be stored in dedicated storage(s) or in a database associated with or accessible by the data owner. The property data may be stored in the database for access by data consumer(s). The property data may be stored in the database for access by data consumer(s) via decentral data consuming network node(s) associated with such data consumer(s). Access to the database may be controlled by the data owner. Access to the database may be controlled by the data owner via the data providing service associated with the data owner. The product data may be stored in a database of or under control by the data owner.

[0128] The decentral identifier may include one or more identifier(s) used in the decentral network and allowing for data exchange via the decentral network. Data exchange may include discovery of the decentral identifier for network nodes of the decentral network, authentication of network nodes of the decentral network and / or authorization of data transfers via a peer-to-peer communication between network nodes of the decentral network. The decentral identifier may be associated with participants of the material chain, particularly a material loop, including chemical product producer, intermediate chemical producer, intermediate part producer, component producer, component assembly producer, end product producer, used end product collector, used end product sorter, used end product re-user and / or used end product recycler. The chemical product producer, intermediate chemical producer, intermediate part producer, component producer, component assembly producer and / or end product user, may be regarded as product users. The decentral identifier may be associated with material entities of a material chain, particularly the material loop, including chemical product(s), intermediate chemical product(s), intermediate part(s), component(s), component assembly, and / or end product.

[0129] The output product, the used output product or the component thereof may be associated with the access element via the decentral identifier associated with the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, respectively. The access element may include at least part of the transformed data, access data and one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the access element. The access data may be associated with the property data. The access data associated with the property data may be provided to the decentral network. The access data associated with the property data may be provided by a decentral network node associated with a dedicated storage of or related to the data owner of the property data. The access data may include a representation for accessing the property data. The access data may include a locator or pointer, such as am url or uri, to a dedicated storage, such as a dedicated storage address, associated with the data owner of the property data. The pointer or locator may point directly to the dedicated storage. The pointer or locator may point to a data providing network node associated with the dedicated storage. This may increase data security since the dedicated storage address is not published to further participants of the decentral network hence avoiding the risk of direct access of the dedicated storage without access control via the decentral data providing network node. The access data may include one or more digital link(s) pointing to data related to the production, such as the property data. The access element may allow for recursive access to data related to the production per production stage. The access element may be linked to other access elements associated with output product(s) of one or more production stages associated with the production of the end product or the component thereof, hence allowing for recursive access to such property data. The access element may be linked to other access elements associated with the output product(s) per production stage, hence allowing for recursive access to such property data per production stage.

[0130] The access element may further include a representation of property data or parts thereof. The access element may include one or more authentication mechanisms associated with the decentral identifier(s), the transformed data and the access data. The access element may relate to one or more authorization mechanisms associated with the decentral identifier(s) and at least parts of the digital twin (e.g. the property data) of the respective product, e.g. output product, used output product or the component thereof. The one or more authorization mechanisms may include authorization rules determining if access to the data related to the production is granted. The one or more authorization mechanisms may be associated with the data providing network node associated with the property data. The one or more authorization mechanisms may be provided per production stage or per producer in the respective product production chain, e.g. output product production chain or used output product production chain.

[0131] The access element may be provided to a decentral registry storing access elements. The decentral registry may be associated with a data providing network node. This may allow to control access to such registry and access to access element(s) stored in such registry via the data providing network node. The decentral registry may be associated with a participant of the production chain, e.g. at least a part of the participants of the production chain may operate one or more decentral registry(ies). The decentral registry may be part of the decentral network but may not be associated with a particular participant of the production chain, e.g. may be regarded as infrastructure node of the decentral network. A query including query data may be sent via a data consuming network node to the decentral registry to determine whether the decentral registry stores access element(s) matching the query data. The query may be performed via data providing network nodes associated with decentral registries to ensure that only authenticated data consuming network node(s) can query the data contained in such decentral registries.

[0132] The decentral network may include one or more decentral network node(s) configured to perform data transactions. The decentral network node(s) may be associated with participants of the material chain associated with the respective product, e.g. output product, the used output product or the component thereof, particularly the material loop associated with the output product or the used output product. The data transactions may be based on a transaction protocol including authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s). Based on the authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s) a peer-to-peer network between decentral network node(s) of the decentral network may be established. The one or more authentication mechanism(s) may be associated with or linked to the decentral identifier(s). The one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with the decentral identifier(s) may be provided to decentral network node(s). The one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with the decentral identifier(s) may be accessible by decentral network node(s). The decentral configuration allows for more efficient use of computing resources and strengthens control by each data owner of the decentral network.

[0133] Data providing network node(s) may be configured to provide access to data stored in a dedicated storage associated with the respective data providing network node(s). The data stored in the dedicated storage may include the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production. The data stored in the dedicated storage may include the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing of a used output product or a component thereof. The data providing network node(s) may be configured to provide data related to the one or more transformation functions used to generate access elements stored in decentral registries associated with such data providing network node(s). The data providing network node may be associated with a participant of the production chain, such as the producer of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The data related to the production, such as the property data, per production stage may be provided by the data providing network node to the decentral network, in particular for access by data consuming network node(s). The access to the data may be under control of the data providing network node associated with the data related to the production. The access to the data may be under control of the data providing network node associated with the respective access element. The data providing network node may be configured to authenticate the data consuming network node and / or to authorize access to the data by the data consuming network node.

[0134] Data consuming network node(s) may be configured to request access to data stored in a dedicated storage associated with the data providing network node(s). Data consuming network node(s) may be configured to determine access elements associated with the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, for example by querying the decentral network, in particular decentral registries storing access elements. The data consuming network node may be associated with a participant of the production chain of the output product. The data consuming network node may be associated with a participant of the processing chain of the used output product or the component thereof, such as a recycling chain ofthe used output product orthe component thereof including collector(s), sorter(s) and / or recycler(s) of the used output product or the component thereof. The data consuming network node may be associated with a participant of the processing chain of the used output product or the component thereof, such as a re-use chain ofthe used output product or the component thereof including collector(s), sorter(s) or entity / entities performing re-use operation(s) on the used output product or the component thereof. The data related to the production, such as the property data, generated, in particular per production stage, may be accessed by the data consuming network node(s) upon authentication and / or authorization.

[0135] In an embodiment, the property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product and / or the processing of the used output product or the component thereof is collected in association with the production of the output product by the producer of the output product or is collected in associated with the production of the used output product by the producer of the used output product or is collected in association with the production of the component by the producer of the component. The producer of the used output product may refer to the producer of the output product that results in the used output product, e.g. by using the output product produced by the producer of the output product. The property data may be collected on production of the respective product, e.g. the output product, used output product or the component thereof, by the producer of the respective product, e.g. the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The property data may be collected in relation to production of the respective product, e.g. the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The property data may be collected prior to, on, during and / or after production of the respective product, e.g. the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The property data may be collected per production stage of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. Production stage may include any production step in the production chain of the output product, used output product or the component thereof. The production chain may include one or more stages necessary to produce the output product, the output product or the component thereof from one or more production input(s). The input data may include decentral identifier(s) associated with the one or more production input(s). Decentral identifier(s) associated with the one or more production input(s) may be gathered. By collecting input data, the production input(s) may be related to the production output(s) per production stage of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, enabling tracking of material flows across material participants of the respective production chain, e.g. output product production chain or used output product production chain.

[0136] In an embodiment, data related to the production includes input data associated with the one or more production input(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, in particular decentral identifier(s) associated with the one or more production input(s) and / or output product identifier(s) and / or used output product identifier(s) and / or component identifier(s). Such identifier(s) and may include the name, the serial number(s), batch number(s), LOT number(s) or a combination thereof.

[0137] In an embodiment, the one or more rule(s) define one or more data point(s) within the data related to the production. The one or more data point(s) may relate to output product identifier(s). The one or more data point(s) may correspond to output product identifier(s). The one or more data point(s) may relate to used output product identifier(s) and / or component identifier(s). The one or more data point(s) may correspond to the used output product identifier(s) and / or component identifier(s). The one or more data point(s) may relate to the identifier element associated with the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The one or more data point(s) may relate to the data encoded by the identifier element, such as the output product identifier, the used output product identifier or the component identifier, respectively. The one or more data point(s) may correspond to the identifier element associated with the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, respectively. Use of such data points (e.g. clear data) allows the entity producing the output product or the entity performing processing of the used output product or the component thereof to easily obtain the clear data used for the data transformation such that respective query data (e.g. transformed data) may be generated and used to query the decentral network for the respective access element associated with the input material(s) to be used for producing the output product or associated with the used output product to be processed, e.g. to be re-used or to be recycled.

[0138] In an embodiment, the one or more transformation function(s) include one or more function(s) generating an output value from an input value such that the input value is hard to be derived from the output value. Such one or more function(s) may be considered one-way function(s). A function may be considered oneway if the function can be computed by a polynomial time algorithm, but any polynomial time randomized algorithm that attempts to compute a pseudo-inverse for the function succeeds with negligible probability. The output value may be of fixed length irrespective of the length of the input value. The output value may be characteristic of the input value, e.g. may correspond to a fingerprint of the input value. For instance, a change of the input value, such as a change of a character contained in the input value, may result in a completely different output value. The input value may be a sequence including numbers and / or letters. The input value may include one or more data point(s). The one or more data point(s) may be defined in the one or more rule(s). The input value may include the one or more data point(s) and additional data (also denoted as salt). The additional data may be a random sequence including numbers and / or letters. The additional data may be specific to the entity producing the respective output material. For instance, the random data may correspond or be related to the company name of the entity producing the respective output product. Use of such additional data allows to prevent that sensitive data may be computed from transformed data point(s) using precomputed tables (e.g. rainbow tables). The function(s) generating an output value from an input value such that the input value cannot be derived from the output value may include one or more function(s) generating hash value(s) (e.g. hash function(s)). Hash function(s) may generate a hash value (e.g. output value) based on a given input value where the input value cannot be derived from the generated hash value. Applying such function(s), in particular function(s) generating hash values, to sensitive plain or clear data, such as output product identifier(s), end product identifier(s) and / or component identifier(s) including customer names and / or manufacturer names and / or customer specification(s), results in transformed data no longer revealing the sensitive information included in the plain or clear data used as input for such function. Examples of such function(s) that may be used include cryptographic hash functions like SHA, MD, RIPEMD or BLAKE. The function(s) may be defined by the one or more rule(s). This allows parties wishing to access the data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing the output product and / or for processing the used end product to determine the appropriate function to be applied to the one or more data point(s) defined by the rule(s) upon generation of the query data. In an embodiment, transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production includes computing one or more hash value(s) by applying one or more hash function(s) to one or more data point(s) included in the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set. Transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production may include computing one or more hash value(s) by applying one or more hash function(s) to one or more data point(s) included in the collected data related to the production and an additional sequence based on the provided rule set. The one or more data point(s) may be selected from output product identifier(s), used output product identifier(s) and / or component identifier(s) respectively. The additional sequence may be included in the rule set. The one or more data point(s) may contain sensitive information, such as a manufacturer name, a customer name and / or a customer specification. Transforming such sensitive data by applying a hash function to such data results in hash value(s) that no longer reveal any sensitive information. Such hash value(s) may be included in the access element as additional search fields publicly available within the decentral network to allow data consumers, such as entities producing the output product or performing a processing operation on the used output product or component thereof, to search for such hash value(s) to identify corresponding access elements which may be used to access the associated property data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production and / or the processing. This allows to use readily available information on the output product, used output product or component thereof, such as a serial number including sensitive data, to generate respective hash value(s) and to query the decentral network using said hash value(s) for property data associated with said output product, used output product or component thereof, respectively, without having to implement access rights to avoid access to such sensitive data by all participants of the decentral network. Such access rights, however, might hamper the query for access element(s) using such sensitive data and hence access to data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production and / or processing for entities involved in the production of the output products and / or the processing, in particular the re-use or recycling of the used output products or the components thereof, in particular if they do not have rights to access decentral registries storing such access elements. In this case, such entities will not be able to identify the decentral participant(s) owning the data related to such chemical and / or physical properties, hence hampering requesting access to such data from such decentral participant(s). Lack of access to the data related to such chemical and / or physical properties may hamper production of output products and / or processing of used output products or components thereof, in particular re-use or recycling operation(s), may reduce the efficiency associated with such production and / or processing operations and / or may reduce the quality of the output product resulting from the production, the quality of the output product resulting from the re-use operation or the quality of the recyclate resulting from the recycling process.

[0139] In an embodiment, the access element further includes relationship access data associated with relationship data specifying relationship(s) between input material(s) (e.g. production input(s)) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof and the produced output product, used output product or the component thereof, respectively. The access data may be associated with a decentral relationship identifier. The decentral relationship identifier may allow to gather the relationship data from the associated data providing network node. The relationship access data may include a locator or pointer locating or pointing to the dedicated storage associated with the relationship data set (e.g. the digital relationship). The relationship access data may include one or more digital link(s) pointing to the relationship data. The relationship access data may include a locator or pointer, such as am url or uri, to a dedicated storage address storing the relationship data. The relationship data may specify the production input(s) used to produce the output product, used output product or the component thereof, respectively. The relationship data may be stored on the dedicated storage associated with the data owner of the respective data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production and / or processing, such as the output product manufacturer, the used output product manufacturer or the component manufacturer. The relationship data may include the one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, respectively, and one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the production input(s). Decentral identifier(s) associated with production input(s) may be used to gather access element(s) and associated data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production and / or processing, in particular re-use or recycling. Hence, by way of such access data, data related to such chemical and / or physical properties associated with production input(s) per production stage may be accessed.

[0140] The relationship data may relate to authorization rules that provide access to said data a decentral participant identifier. The decentral participant identifier may be associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the relationship data set(s). The decentral participant identifier may be associated with a participant of the decentral network being associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the relationship data. The decentral participant identifier may be associated with the data consuming network node associated with a system producing the output product or performing a processing operation on the used output product or the component thereof, such as a reuse or recycling operation. This way access to sensitive data relating to the bill of material of the output product or the used output product can be restricted to specific network nodes for which access to the data, such as the property data, is relevant for controlling and / or monitoring production, re-use or recycling processes. In addition, the data access may aid to detect critical chemical and / or physical properties for production, re-use or recycling for participants of the product ecosystem.

[0141] In an embodiment, the method further includes a step of generating a relationship access element based on decentral identifier(s) associated with one or more production input(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, respectively. Generating the relationship access element may include • generating a relationship data set based on the decentral identifier(s) associated with one or more production input(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof,

[0142] • generating relationship access data associated with the relationship data set,

[0143] • providing a decentral relationship identifier associated with the relationship data set,

[0144] • generating a relationship access element including the decentral relationship identifier and the relationship access data.

[0145] The relationship data set may include the decentral identifier(s) associated with one or more production input(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof and the decentral identifier(s) of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof produced from such production input(s). The relationship data set may include a relation for the decentral identifiers signifying the production relationship. The relationship between the decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product, the used output product or the component thereof and the decentral identifier(s) of the production input(s) may be reflected by an attribute associated with the decentral identifiers. For instance, the decentral identifier(s) associated with the production input(s) may be assigned attribute child identifier. The decentral identifier(s) of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof may be assigned the attribute parent identifier. The relationship data set may be generated per production stage of the output product or the used output product. In other words, the relationship data set may be generated per producer of the production chain for the output product or the used output product. The relationship data set may be stored in a dedicated storage associated with the producer of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The relationship data set may be stored per production stage of the output product or the used output product. In other words, the relationship data set may be stored per producer of the production chain of the output product or the used output product. The relationship access data may include a locator or pointer locating or pointing to the dedicated storage associated with the relationship data set (e.g. the digital relationship). The relationship access data may include one or more digital link(s) pointing to the relationship data set. The relationship access data may include a locator or pointer, such as am url or uri, to a dedicated storage address storing the relationship data set(s).

[0146] The relationship access element may relate to authorization rules that provide access to the relationship data set(s) depending on the decentral participant identifier.

[0147] The relationship access element may be provided for access to the relationship data set by one or more data consuming network node(s) under control of a data providing network node associated with the relationship data set. The data providing network node may be associated with a production participant of the production chain producing the end product or component thereof. The relationship access element may be provided to a decentral registry storing access element(s) as previously described. The decentral registry may be associated with the decentral participant owing the relationship data set. In an embodiment, the property data includes one or more property data set(s) specifying the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product by a chemical and / or physical production process. The property data may include such chemical and / or physical properties in relation to one or more production process(es).

[0148] In another embodiment, the property data includes one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical production of the output product per production process and / or per decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The production process may be signified by a production process identifier. The decentral participant identifier may be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The production process identifier may be provided by the data providing network node providing access to the property data. The production process identifier may be provided by authorization rules relating the decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The authorization rules may relate to one or more data set(s) relating to such chemical and / or physical properties per production and / or per decentral participant identifier.

[0149] In an embodiment, the property data includes one or more property data set(s) specifying the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling of the used output product or the component thereof by a chemical and / or physical and / or thermal recycling process. The property data may include the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling in relation to one or more recycling process(es). The property data may further relate to degradation level of material used to produce the used output product or component thereof, recyclate content used to produce the used output product or component thereof and / or content of production input(s) used to produce the used output product or component thereof.

[0150] In another embodiment, the property data includes one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling of the used output product or the component thereof per recycling process, recyclate use and / or per decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The recycling process may be signified by a recycling process identifier. The recyclate use may be signified by a recyclate type. The decentral participant identifier may be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The recycling process identifier and / or the recyclate type may be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The recycling process identifier and / or the recyclate type may be provided by the data providing network node providing access to the property data. The recycling process identifier and / or the recyclate type may be provided by authorization rules relating the decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The authorization rules may relate to one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling per recycling process, recyclate use and / or per decentral participant identifier.

[0151] In an embodiment, the property data includes one or more property data set(s) specifying the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use of the used output product or the component thereof by a maintenance and / or cleaning and / or refurbishing process. The property data may include the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use in relation to one or more re-use process(es).

[0152] In another embodiment, the property data includes one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use of the used output product or the component thereof per re-use process and / or per decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The re-use process may be signified by a re-use process identifier. The decentral participant identifier may be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The re-use process identifier may be provided by the data providing network node providing access to the property data. The re-use process identifier may be provided by authorization rules relating the decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node requesting access to the property data. The authorization rules may relate to one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use per re-use and / or per decentral participant identifier.

[0153] In an embodiment, the access element(s) relates to authorization rules that provide access to property data depending on the production process and / or decentral participant identifier, wherein the access element is provided for access to property data including the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production depending on the production process and / or decentral participant identifier by one or more data consuming network node(s) associated with one or more output product producers producing the output product(s). The access element(s) may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) depending on the production process and / or participant identifier. The access element may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production depending on a decentral participant identifier and / or a production process identifier associated with decentral participant identifier. The access element may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production to selected participants of the product ecosystem, in particular output product producer(s).ln an embodiment, the access element(s) relates to authorization rules that provide access to property data depending on the recycling process, recyclate use and / or decentral participant identifier, wherein the access element is provided for access to property data including the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling depending on the recycling process, recyclate use and / or decentral participant identifier by one or more data consuming network node(s) associated with one or more recycler(s) executing one or more recycling process(es). The access element(s) may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) depending on the recycling process, recyclate use and / or participant identifier. The access element may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling depending on a decentral participant identifier, a recycling process identifier associated with decentral participant identifier and / or a recyclate type identifier associated with decentral participant identifier. The access element may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling to selected participants of the product ecosystem, in particular sorter, collector and / or recycler system participants.

[0154] In an embodiment, the access element(s) relates to authorization rules that provide access to property data depending on the re-use process and / or decentral participant identifier, wherein the access element is provided for access to property data that include the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use depending on the re-use process and / or decentral participant identifier by one or more data consuming network node(s) associated with one or more entity(ies) executing one or more re-use process(es).The access element(s) may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) depending on the re-use process and / or participant identifier. The access element may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use depending on a decentral participant identifier and / or a re-use process identifier associated with decentral participant identifier. The access element may relate to authorization rules that provide access to property data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use to selected participants of the product ecosystem, in particular sorter, collector and / or re-use system participants.

[0155] In an embodiment, the method further includes a step of

[0156] • collecting data related to the production of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, in particular per production stage, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product and / or the processing of the used output product or the component thereof, in particular for the re-use or recycling of the used output product or the component thereof and

[0157] • aggregating the collected data related to the production.

[0158] Aggregating the collected data related to the production, in particular the collected property data, may include aggregating one or more chemical and / or physical property / ies critical for production and / or processing included in the property data. The data may be collected per production stage. The data collected per production stage may be aggregated. The aggregation may be performed prior to generating the access data. The access data may be associated with the aggregated data. This allows to generate an access element for access to the aggregated data. In an embodiment of the method for accessing one or more at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof, further including a step of requesting at a decentral data providing network node associated with the producer of production input(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof access to the property data based on the access data associated with relationship data included in the gathered access element(s). This may allow to obtain additional data on chemical and / or physical properties critical for production and / or processing, in particular re-use or recycling, which may not be included in the property data associated with the output product or the used output product and gathered via an associated access element, hence allowing to improve the production and / or processing operation using the additional data such chemical and / or physical properties.

[0159] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0160] In the following, the present disclosure is further described with reference to the enclosed figures. The same reference numbers in the drawings and this disclosure are intended to refer to the same or like elements, components, and / or parts.

[0161] FIG. 1 illustrates a first example of a participant network of a product ecosystem associated with a decentral peer-to-peer network for exchange of chemical and / or physical property / ies critical for the production of output product(s) and / or for processing used output products or components thereof.

[0162] FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product and / or for processing a used output product or a component thereof in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0163] FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0164] FIG. 4A illustrates a first example of a digital access element including a decentral identifier, access data and one or more hash value(s).

[0165] FIG. 4B illustrates a second example of a digital access element including a decentral identifier, access data and one or more hash value(s).

[0166] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0167] FIG. 6 illustrates a decentral system for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof.

[0168] FIG. 7 illustrates a sequence diagram of a method for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof.

[0169] FIGs. 8A-8B illustrate graphical user interfaces displayed by the consumer app described in the context of FIG. 7.

[0170] FIG. 9 illustrates an example system for obtaining property data based on a decentral output product identifier.

[0171] FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of relationship representations specifying relationships between an output product and production input(s) used to produce the output product.

[0172] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for of obtaining data related to the production of an output product based on decentral identifier(s) and access elements signifying relationships between the output product and production input(s) used to produce the output product.

[0173] FIG. 12 illustrates schematically an example of a system for accessing property data associated with output product(s) or component(s) thereof by downstream node(s) associated with downstream participant(s) processing the output product(s) or component(s) thereof.

[0174] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0175] FIG. 1 illustrates a first example of a participant network of a product ecosystem associated with a decentral peer-to-peer network for exchange of chemical and / or physical property / ies critical for the production of output product(s) and / or for processing used end products or components thereof . The decentral network environment may include a decentral participant network 136. The decentral participant network 136 may include one or more decentral network participants 102 to 114. The decentral network participants may be part of a product ecosystem including chemical products. The product ecosystem may include production chains to produce an output product. The output product may be a chemical product, an intermediate chemical product, a component, a component assembly or an end-product. The output product may be denoted product hereinafter. The product ecosystem may include processing chains to process used output products resulting from the use of produced output products. Processing chains may include recycling chains to recycle at least part of the used output product or a component thereof. Processing chains may include re-use chains to re-use the used output product. The product ecosystem may include a raw input material producer 104, a chemical product producer 102, a chemical product user 106, an end-product producer 108, an end-product user 110 an EOL product collector 112 and a recycler 114. The decentral participant network 136 may be a chemical supply chain. The product ecosystem may allow to use materials resulting from recycling of end-of-life products to produce new products, such as chemical products. The product ecosystem may be associated with the production and / or re-use and / or recycling of physical products. The product may be a chemical product, an intermediate chemical product, a component, a component assembly, an end product, an end-of-life product or a recycled product.

[0176] The participant(s) of the decentral participant network 136 may be associated with the production of the product and / or re-use and / or recycling of the product. The decentral network participant 102 to 114 may refer to a manufacturer of physical products, such as input material producer 104, chemical product producer 102, chemical product user 106, end-product producer 108, a user of physical goods, such as end-product user 110, and / or a participant of a recycling chain associated with the physical product, such as EOL product collector 112 and recycler 114. The decentral network participant may be associated with a decentral participant identifier. The decentral participant identifier may uniquely identify the decentral network participant within the decentral participant network 136.

[0177] The participant(s) of the decentral participant network 136 may be connected via material flow 142. The material flow 142 may correspond to the flow of product from one participant of the decentral participant network 136 to the downstream participant of the decentral participant network 136. The material flow 142 may refer to a continuous or a discontinuous flow of product. The flow of product may include any means of transportation suitable to transport the product from a participant to the downstream participant. The means of transportation may include pipes, containers, barrels, packages. The material flow 142 may be associated with raw materials 118 used to produce the chemical product, such as virgin raw materials. The raw materials may be provided to chemical product producer 102 for producing chemical product(s) and / or intermediate chemical product(s) (not shown). The material flow 142 may be associated with chemical product(s) 120. The chemical product(s) 120 may be provided to chemical product user 106 for producing discrete product(s). In contrast to chemical production, the discrete products being produced are distinct units sold as individual products. The material flow 142 may be associated with recycled material 116. The recycled material 116 may be provided to chemical product producer 102 for the production of chemical product(s).

[0178] At least part of the participants of the decentral participant network 136 may be associated with decentral participant network nodes 122 to 134. The decentral participant nodes 122 to 134 may be under control of the respective decentral participant associated with the respective decentral participant node. The decentral participant nodes 122 to 134 may form decentral network 140. The decentral network 140 may be a peer-to-peer communication network. The decentral network 140 may be configured to perform data transactions 138. The data transactions 138 may be based on a transaction protocol including authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s). Based on the authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s) a peer-to-peer communication between decentral network nodes 122 to 134 associated with decentral network participants 102 to 114 may be established. The one or more authentication mechanism(s) may be associated with or linked to a decentral identifier as described in the context of FIG. 1 B. The one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with the decentral identifier may be accessible by the decentral participant nodes as described in the context of FIG. 1 B. The decentral configuration allows for more efficient use of computing resources and strengthens control by the data owners of the decentral network.

[0179] Data transactions between decentral network participant nodes may be based on a decentral identifier associated with respective data to be accessed, for example as described in the context of FIG. 7. The decentral identifier may be uniquely associated with the physical entity of the product and associated product data. The decentral identifier may uniquely identify the respective product within the decentral network. The decentral identifier may be associated with further decentral identifier(s), such as decentral identifier(s) of product(s) used to produce the product. This may allow to track the product(s) used to produce a product, such as an end-product. The decentral identifier may be included in a digital access element associated with the product, for example as described in the context of FIG. 7.

[0180] The data flow 138 (e.g. transactions) between decentral network participant nodes may be directly or indirectly associated with the material flow 142 between the decentral network participants. For instance, data flow 138 may be directly associated with material flow 142 if data associated with an input material provided from the input material producer 104 to the chemical product producer 102 is accessed by decentral participant node 124 associated with said chemical product producer 102. For instance, data flow 138 may be indirectly associated with material flow 142 if data associated with a chemical product produced by chemical product producer 102 is accessed by decentral participant node 134 associated with recycler 114.

[0181] The decentral participant nodes 122 to 134 may be decentral computing nodes. The decentral computing node may be any device or system that includes at least one physical and tangible processor, and a physical and tangible memory capable of having thereon computer-executable instructions that are executed by a processor. The memory may take any form and depends on the nature and form of the computing node.

[0182] At least part of the decentral participant nodes 122 to 134 may be decentral data providing network nodes. At least part of the participant nodes 122 to 134 may be decentral data consuming network nodes. A participant of the decentral participant network 136 may be associated with a decentral data providing network node and / or a decentral data consuming network node depending on whether data is provided to downstream participants and / or consumed from upstream participants. For instance, input material producer 104 may be associated with a decentral data providing network node configured to provide input material data to a downstream participant (e.g. chemical product producer 102) for example as described in the context of FIG. 7. In addition to or alternatively, chemical product producer 102 may be associated with a decentral data consuming network node configured to access data associated with a recycled input material produced by an upstream participant (e.g. recycler 114).

[0183] The decentral network 140 may include further decentral network nodes. The further decentral network nodes may be decentral infrastructure service nodes (not shown in FIG. 1). The decentral infrastructure service nodes may not be associated with a participant of the product ecosystem. The decentral infrastructure service nodes may provide services for decentral participant nodes 122 to 134, such as verifying the identity of the decentral network participant nodes 122 to 134 prior to performing a data exchange. The decentral network participant nodes 122 to 134 may be associated with or include certificate(s), such as X.509 certificate(s). The certificate(s) may be associated with decentral infrastructure service node(s) including e.g. a certificate issuing service and / or a dynamic provisioning service providing dynamic attribute tokens (e.g. OAuth Access Tokens). This way the decentral network participant nodes 116 to 124 possess a unique identifier embedded in a X.509 certificate that identifies the respective decentral network participant node 122 to 134. The information required to verify the certificate may be provided via an authentication registry associated with the certificate issuing service and / or a dynamic provisioning service. For instance, in the IDSA Reference Architecture Model, Version 3.0 of April 2019, a decentral data providing network node associated with a data owner, a Certification Authority (CA), a Dynamic Attribute Provisioning Service (DAPS) and a decentral data consuming network node associated with a data consumer are used to verify the identity prior to performing a data exchange (not shown).

[0184] FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product and / or for processing a used output product or a component thereof in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus may implement the method described in the context of FIG. 3. The output product may be a chemical product. The output product may be an intermediate chemical product. The output product may be a discrete product. The output product may be a component or part. The output product may be a component assembly. The output product may be an end product. The used output product may be a used end product. The used output product may be an end-of-life end product. The component of the used output product may be a discrete component. The component may be component contained within the used output product and may be used during the lifecycle of the output product. The component may be related to one or more decentral identifier(s) signifying the production input(s) used to produce the component.

[0185] A discrete product production 214 may produce one or more discrete component(s) 216 (e.g. output product(s)) from one or more production input(s) 212 (e.g. input material(s)). The one or more production input(s) 212 may be received from input material producer 104 (see FIG. 1). The one more production input(s) 212 may be received from chemical product producer 102 (see FIG. 1).

[0186] With reference to FIG. 3, data related to the production of the discrete component 216 may be collected. Data related to the production of the produced discrete component 216 may include output product data. The output product data may be collected from discrete product production 214. Data related to the production of the produced discrete component 216 may further include input material data associated with the production input(s) 212. The input material data may be collected via a decentral network 140 using data consuming network node 126A associated with chemical product user 106 from input material producer 104 (see also FIG. 1). The input material data may be collected via a decentral network 140 using data consuming network node 126A associated with chemical product user 106 from chemical product producer 102 (see also FIG. 1). The input material data may be generated in association with one or more network nodes, e.g. in relation to data generating node(s), associated with the respective producer. The input material data may relate to different stages of the production chain of the discrete component. The input material data may relate to the production of production input(s) 212 used to produce the discrete component. The input material data may be specific to any production input(s) 212 used to produce the discrete component or the produced discrete component 216. The input material data may be specific to individual entities or batches of the production input(s) 212 or the produced discrete component 216. Collecting input material data may include gathering decentral identifiers(s) associated with one or more production input(s) used to produce the discrete component. The decentral identifier(s) associated with one or more production input(s) used to produce the discrete component may be collected by reading an identifier element, such as a bar code or QR code, connected to the production input(s) 212. The identifier element may encode an input material identifier which may be used to gather input material data, for example using the principle illustrated in FIG. 7. The data may be collected by product data collector 202 of access element generator 210. The data related to the production of the discrete component may be collected prior to, during and / or after production of the discrete component 216.

[0187] The data related to the production of the discrete component may include property data. The property data may relate to or include a property of the discrete component. The property of the component may include a performance property, a chemical property, such as flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity, heat of combustion or the like, and / or a physical property such as density, color, hardness, melting points, boiling points, electrical conductivity or the like. At least a part of the properties may be critical for production and / or processing. A chemical property may relate to the material composition of the discrete component. Such chemical property may specify the material composition of the discrete component. For example, such property may specify at least part of the chemical composition of the discrete compound. The chemical properties may include at least one chemical property critical in relation to the production of the discrete compound and / or the processing, in particular recycling or re-use of the discrete compound or used end products including such discrete compound. Critical chemical properties may be properties that negatively impact the quality of the output product, the yield of the output product, the production process, the re-use process and / or the recyclate producible by the recycling process. Chemical properties may include contaminant(s) or substance(s) critical to the production and / or the processing. Such substance(s) may include sulfur, halogens, oxygen, phosphorus, metals and inorganics such as aluminum, antinomy, barium, calcium chromium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, lead, silicon, titanium, zinc, arsine, mercury, nickel, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0188] The property data may further relate to the recyclate content used to produce the discrete component and / or the production input content used to produce the discrete component. Such data may be accessed by collectors and / or sorters on collecting and / or sorting the used end product or the component thereof to determine the recyclate content and / or production input content. This way the waste fractions on sorting or the waste fractions after sorting may be more finely monitored.

[0189] The property data may further relate to emission data, renewable content data, biobased content data and / or biodegradability data.

[0190] By collecting the data related to the production per production stage of the product chain, digital twins of the respective entities produced by one or more participant(s) of the production chain may be generated. This way the entities from raw material or recyclate to the output product may be tracked in the product production chain.

[0191] The data related to the production may be stored in a dedicated storage associated with the respective participant of the production chain producing the discrete component (see database 702 of FIG. 12). The data related to the production of the discrete component may include different data sets related to the production of the discrete component. Such data sets may refer to the data sets described above such as composition data, emission data, recyclate content data, bio-based content data and / or biodegradability data.

[0192] With continued reference to FIG. 3, one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the produced discrete component 216 may be provided by ID provider 204. The one or more decentral identifier(s) may be uniquely associated with the physical entity of the produced discrete component 216. The one or more decentral identifier(s) may be uniquely associated with any entity produced by any participant of the production chain. The one or more decentral identifier(s) may comprise any unique identifier uniquely associated with the produced discrete component 216, the production participant(s) of the production chain producing the entity and / or the data related to the production of the discrete component. The decentral identifier may include or relate to one or more Universally Unique Identifier(s) (UUID(s)) or one or more Digital Identifier(s) (DID(s)). Via the decentral identifier(s) and the unique association with the discrete component, access to the property data may be controlled by the producer of the discrete component. This contrasts with central authority schemes, where identifiers are provided by such central authority and access to such data is controlled by such central authority. Decentral in this context refers to the usage of the identifier in implementations as controlled by the data owner.

[0193] With continued reference to FIG. 3, data transformer 218 may gather a rule set including one or more rule(s) defining data points to be transformed, for example by applying a function generating an output value from the data point(s) such that the data point(s) cannot be derived from the output value. The function may be a hash function generating a hash value from the data point(s). The data point(s) may not be derivable from the hash value, e.g. the hash value does not allow to compute the data point(s) used as input value(s) for the hash function. The rule set may be gathered from a data base. The rule(s) may define key value pair(s) for which the value is to be transformed. The rule set may further define the function to be used for data transformation. The function may be a hash function, such as MD-5, SHA- 256 or RIPEMD-160. Data transformer 218 may transform one or more data points included in the collected data related to the production based on the gathered rule set. Data transformer 218 may transform one or more data points included in the collected data related to the production by applying the transformation function(s) defined in the rule set to at least part of the data point(s) included in the data collected by product data collector 202 and defined by the rule(s). Use of this rule set to transform data points included in the access element allows to transform defined data points using defined transformation function(s). This allows to use such transformed values as search parameters by third parties and avoids disclosure of sensitive information within the decentral network, such as digital identifiers including the name of the manufacturer, the customer and / or customer specification(s). Hence, data available within the decentral network can be searched via access elements to enable efficient production and / or circular economy use cases, such as re-use and / or recycling, while ensuring that no sensitive information is disclosed within the decentral network without having to implement complicated access right management. For instance, the plain data, such as the digital output product identifier (e.g. the digital component identifier), may be provided together with the component. An end product producer or a recycler may apply the defined transformation function to such digital identifier and may use the resulting hash to query the decentral network to determine the decentral registry storing the access element associated with the component as described in the context of FIG. 7. The result of the query may be used to gather the access element which may in turn be used to gather property data of the component to be used as production input or to be re-used or recycled as described in the context of FIG. 7 and FIG. 12.

[0194] With continued reference to FIG. 3, access data associated with the data related to the production, such as the property data, may be generated by access data generator 206. The access data may be generated per data set included in the data related to the production. The access data may point to the collected data or parts thereof. . The access data may point to the collected data related to the production or parts thereof. The access data may relate to the dedicated storage associated with the discrete product production 214 and storing the data related to the production (see FIG. 7 and FIG. 12), such as the property data. The access data may include a representation for accessing the data related to the production, such as the property data. The access data may include a locator or pointer locating or pointing to the dedicated storage associated with the discrete product production 214 and storing the data related to the production. The access data may include one or more digital link(s) pointing to data related to the production. The access data may include a locator or pointer, such as am url or uri, to a dedicated storage address associated with the discrete product production 214 and storing the data related to the production. The access data may comprise at least one interface to a data providing network node. The access data may include at least one interface to a data consuming network node. The access data may include an endpoint for data exchange or sharing (resource endpoint) or an endpoint for service interaction (service endpoint), that may be uniquely identified via the data transaction protocol. The access data pointing to the collected data related to the production or parts thereof may be uniquely associated with the decentral identifier. The decentral identifier may be connected to the access data associated with the collected data or parts thereof.

[0195] With continued reference to FIG. 3, an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least part of the transformed data (e.g. at least part of the output values, such as hash values, generated by the transformation function) and the access data may be generated by access element generator 208. The access element may be associated with the discrete component. The access element may be provided to a decentral network database (e.g. a decentral registry) associated with the producer of the discrete component 216. The database may be associated with a decentral data providing network node, such as node 126B, associated with the producer of the discrete component 216. The access element may be associated with the collected data or parts thereof related to the production of the discrete component. Exemplary access elements generated by access element generator 208 are illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B.

[0196] The access element may further include one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with the decentral identifier(s) and the access data. The one or more authentication mechanism(s) may be associated with or linked to decentral identifier(s), such as decentral producer identifier(s), decentral end product identifier(s), decentral component identifier(s), decentral input material identifier(s). The one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with the decentral identifier(s) may be accessible by the decentral participant network node(s). The digital access element may further relate to authorization information linked to the decentral identifier(s). The authorization information may be associated with the decentral identifier(s) and the access data. The authorization information may include access rules depending on the data set to be accessed and the role of the accessing data consuming network node.

[0197] With continued reference to FIG. 3, the access element may be provided for access to the data related to the production of the discrete component by one or more data consuming network node(s) under control of a data providing network node associated with the producer of the discrete component 216. The access element may be accessible by other participants of the decentral network, such as end product producer 108 and / or recycler 114, via an associated decentral data consuming network node, such as node 128 or 134, for example as described in the context of FIG. 7. The access element may be stored in a decentral registry, such as decentral registry 220 described in more detail in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The access element may be retrieved from such decentral registry by a decentral data providing network node associated with said decentral registry (e.g. having access to such decentral registry) and may be provided to the data consuming network node(s) upon request from such data consuming network node(s) and may be provided to such data consuming network node(s) (see FIG. 7).

[0198] What has been described in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 with respect to the production of a discrete component and the generation of an access element associated with such produced component is likewise applicable to the production of further output products, such as chemical product(s), component assemblies and end product(s).

[0199] FIG. 4A illustrates a first example of a digital access element including a decentral identifier, access data and one or more transformed data point(s) (e.g. hash value(s)). The digital access element may be stored within a decentral identity infrastructure. The decentral identity infrastructure may allow retrieval of the access element using the decentral identifier. The digital access element may be associated with a produced output product. The output product may be a chemical product, a component, a component assembly, an end product or a recycled material. The digital access element may be associated with a re-used end product.

[0200] The decentral identifier may include a Decentralized Identifier (DID). The decentral identifier-based digital access element may in this case be a DID document 404 associated with the DID. Besides the DID document 404 serving as digital access element, FIG. 4A shows a DID owner data element 402 including decentral identifier-based owner data. Generally, the decentral identifier-based owner data may include the decentral identifier associated with a subject such as the end product or a part thereof and may include one or more authentication mechanism(s). The decentral identifier-based owner data 402 may include owner data that is electronically owned and controlled by the DID owner. In this context electronically owned may refer to data that is stored in an owner repository or wallet. Such data may be securely stored and / or managed on an organizational server or client device. The decentral identifierbased owner data 402 may include a DID, a private key and a public key. The DID owner may own and control the DID that represents an identity associated with the DID subject, a private key and public key pair that are associated with the DID. DID may be understood as an identifier and authentication information associated with or uniquely linked to the identifier.

[0201] The DID subject may be a raw material, a basic substance, a chemical product, a component, an end product or a recycled material. The DID subject may be a machine, a system, or a device used for producing the raw material, the basic substance, the chemical product, the component, the end product, the recycled material or a collection of such machine(s), device(s) and / or system(s). The DID owner may be a supply chain participant or a manufacturer such as a chemical manufacturer producing chemicals. The DID owner may be an upstream participant of chemical product user 106 such as a supplier that supplies production input(s) 212. The DID owner may be a downstream participant of the chemical product user 106 such as end-product producer 108. The DID owner may be any participant of the product ecosystem including raw chemical product supplier, intermediate chemical product manufacturer, intermediate part manufacturer, component manufacturer, end product manufacturer, end product user, maintenance operation performer, EOL collector or recycler.

[0202] The DID may be any identifier that is associated with the DID subject and / or the DID owner. Preferably, the identifier is unique to the DID subject and / or DID owner. The identifier may be unique at least within the scope in which the DID is anticipated to be in use. The identifier may be a locally or globally unique identifier for the raw material, a basic substance, a chemical product, a component, an end product, the recycled material or a collection thereof; the machine, the system, or the device used for producing the raw material, a basic substance, a chemical product, a component, an end product, the recycled material, or the collection of such machine(s), device(s) and / or system(s); the chemical manufacturer producing chemicals, the upstream participant of the chemical manufacturer, the downstream participant of the chemical manufacturer or a collection thereof; any participant of the material ecosystem including raw chemical product supplier, intermediate chemical product manufacturer, intermediate part manufacturer, component manufacturer, component assembly manufacturer, end product manufacturer, end product user, EOL collector, recycler or a collection thereof.

[0203] The DID may be any identifier that is associated with the DID subject and the DID owner. Preferably, the DID is unique to the DID subject and / or DID owner. The DID may be unique at least within the scope in which the DID is anticipated to be in use. The DID may be a locally or globally unique identifier for any of the above mentioned possible DID subjects. The DID may also be a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) such as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Moreover, the DID may be an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI). The DID may be a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) such as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The DID may be an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI). The DID may be a random string of numbers and letters for increased security. In one embodiment, the DID may be a string of 128 letters and numbers e.g. according to the scheme did:method name: method specific-did such as did:example:ebfeb1f712ebc6f1 c276e12ec21 . The DID may be decentralized ID independent of a centralized, third party management system and under the control of the DID owner.

[0204] The digital access element as DID document data 404 may be associated with the DID, i.e. the DID included in the decentral identifier-based owner data 402. Accordingly, the digital access element may include a reference to the DID, which is associated with the DID subject that is described by the DID document 404. The DID document 404 may also include an authentication information such as the public key. The public key may be used by third-party entities that are given permission by the DID owner / subject to access information and data owned by the DID owner / subject. The public key may also be used for verifying that the DID owner, in fact, owns or controls the DID. The DID document may include authentication information, authorization information e.g. to authorize third party entities to read the DID document or some part of the DID document e.g. without giving the third party the right to prove ownership of the DID.

[0205] The digital access element 404 may include access data that digitally links to data included in the digital twin of the end product or the component thereof the digital access element is associated with, e.g. by way of service endpoints. A service endpoint may include a network address at which a service operates on behalf of the DID owner. In particular, the service endpoints may refer to services, such as decentral data providing network node(s), of the DID owner that give access to product data, such as property data associated with the end product or the component thereof. Such services may include services to read or analyze data contained in the product data.

[0206] The digital access element 404 may include one or more transformed data point(s) (e.g. hash value(s)). The hash value(s) may be obtained as described in the context of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. The transformed data points may remove any sensitivity from the input value(s) used to generate the transformed data point(s), for example by applying a hash function to the data point(s). The data point(s) may be associated with digital identifier(s) of output product(s), used output product(s) or component(s) thereof, output product name(s), used output product name(s), component name(s), customer names, (customer) specification(s) of output product(s), used output product(s) or components thereof and / or property / ies of output product(s), used output product(s) or components thereof. The hash value(s) may encode such digital identifier(s), customer name(s), specification(s) and / or property / ies to prevent disclosure of such sensitive information as described in the context of FIG. 2.

[0207] The digital access element 404 may include further identifiers, such as data set identifier(s) associated with data set(s) included in the digital twin.

[0208] The digital access element 404 may include various other information such metadata specifying when the digital access element was created, when it was last modified and / or when it expires.

[0209] The DID and digital access element 404 may be associated with a data registry node such as a centralized data service system or a decentralized data service system 406 , e.g. a distributed ledger or blockchain or a decentralized file system. The distributed ledger or blockchain may be used to store a representation of the DID that points to the digital access element 404. A representation of the DID may be stored on distributed computing nodes of the distributed ledger or blockchain 406. For example, DID hash may be stored on multiple computing nodes of the distributed ledger and point to the location of the digital access element 404. In some embodiments, the digital access element 404 may be stored on the distributed ledger 406. Each of the computing nodes may store a copy of the distributed ledger 406. In this way, each DID hash can be stored redundantly, thereby allowing for an increased data safety. DIDs associated with a plurality of different digital access element 404 may be included in the distributed ledger 406.

[0210] In some embodiments, the digital access element 404 may be stored on the distributed ledger 406, i.e. either additionally or alternatively to the associated DID representation being stored on the distributed ledger 406. In other embodiments, the digital access element 404 may be stored in a data storage (not illustrated) that is associated with the distributed ledger or blockchain or decentralized file system.

[0211] The distributed ledger or blockchain 406 may be any decentralized, distributed network that includes various computing nodes that are in communication with each other. For example, the distributed ledger 406 may include a first distributed computing node, a second distributed computing node, a third distributed computing node, and any number of additional distributed computing nodes (not shown). The distributed ledger or blockchain 406 may include known technology stacks like Bitcoin (see e.g. Bitcoin documentation of November 11 , 2022 published https: / / en.bitcoin.it / wiki / Protocol_documentation), Ethereum (see e.g. Ethereum documentation of August 15, 2022 published on https: / / ethereum.org / en / developers / docs / ), Solana (see e.g. Solana documentation of November 11 , 2022 published on https: / / spl.solana.com / ), Polygon (see e.g. Polygon documentation of November 11 , 2022 published on https: / / wiki. polygon. technology / ) or other implementations with varying degree of data transactions performed on the distributed ledger. The description of the example framework is only for illustrative purposes and shall not be considered limiting.

[0212] FIG. 4B illustrates a second example of a digital access element including a decentral identifier, access data and one or more transformed data point(s) (e.g. hash value(s)). The digital access element may be stored within a decentral identity infrastructure. The decentral identity infrastructure may allow retrieval of the access element using the decentral identifier. The digital access element may be associated with a produced output product. The output product may be a chemical product, a component, a component assembly, an end product or a recycled material. The digital access element may be associated with a re-used end product.

[0213] The decentral identifier may include one or more Universally Unique Identifier(s) (UUID(s)). The decentral identifier may include a first decentral identifier and a second decentral identifier. The first and the second decentral identifier may be different from each other. The first decentral identifier may signify the decentral identifier associated with the digital twin of the output product while the second decentral identifier may signify a decentral identifier associated with a data set (also called aspect herein), e.g. property data associated with the output product, contained within in the digital twin of the output product.

[0214] The UUID may be unique at least within the scope in which the UUID is anticipated to be in use. The UUID may be a locally or globally unique identifier for a raw material, a basic substance, a chemical intermediate product, a chemical product, a component, a component assembly, an end product or a recycled material. In one embodiment, the UUID may be a string of 128 letters and numbers e.g. according to the scheme [0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}. The UUID may be a decentralized ID independent of a centralized, third party management system and under the control of the data owner owning the data associated with the UUID.

[0215] The decentral identifier-based digital access element 408 may be a JSON data structure including the decentral identifier. The JSON data structure may include one or more key-value pairs. The JSON data structure may include one or more arrays. At least a part of the arrays may include one or more object(s). The object(s) may include one or more key-value pair(s).

[0216] The digital access element 408 may include one or more transformed data point(s) (e.g. hash value(s)) 410. The transformed data points may remove any sensitivity from the input value(s) used to generate the transformed data point(s), for example by applying a hash function to the data point(s). The hash value(s) may correspond to value(s) of the key-value pairs. The hash value(s) may be obtained as described in the context of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3The value(s) may be associated with digital identifier(s) of output product(s), end product(s) or component(s) thereof, output product name(s), used output product name(s), component name(s), customer names, (customer) specification(s) of output product(s), used output product(s) or components thereof and / or property / ies of output product(s), used output product(s) or components thereof. The hash value(s) may be used to encode such digital identifier(s), customer name(s), specification(s) and / or property / ies to prevent disclosure of such sensitive information as described in the context of FIG. 2.

[0217] The digital access element 408 may include access data 412 that digitally links to data included in the digital twin of the output product the digital access element is associated with, e.g. by way of service endpoints. A service endpoint may include a network address at which a service operates on behalf of the data owner of the digital twin data. The digital twin data may include the property data. In particular, the service endpoints may refer to services, such as decentral data providing network node(s), of the data owner that give access to data, such as property data associated with the output product. Such services may include services to read or analyze data contained in the data.

[0218] The digital access element 408 may include various other information such metadata specifying when the digital access element was created, when it was last modified and / or when it expires (not shown in FIG. 4B).

[0219] The digital access element 408 may be stored at a data registry node such as a decentral registry (not shown, see for example decentral registry 220 in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7). The decentral registry may be a decentral database. The decentral database may be associated with the data owner of the data related to the production. The decentral registry may be used to store digital access elements, such as digital access element 408. FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The output product may be a chemical product, a component, a component assembly, an end product or a recycled material as described in the context of FIG. 2. The used output product may be an end product. The used output product may be an end of life product. The used component may be a component of the used output product as described in the context of FIG. 2. Processing of the used output product or the component thereof may include performing at least one recycling or re-use operation on the used output product or the component thereof. The at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production or processing may be determined based on gathered property data. The at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production or processing may correspond to the gathered property data. The method described in the context of FIG. 5 may be implemented by a consumer application, such as consumer app 604 described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.

[0220] Input material(s) used to produce the output product, the output product, the used output product or the component thereof may be associated with a respective digital twin. The digital twin may be generated by gathering data associated with the input material, output product, used output product or the component thereof and generating one or more aspect(s) (e.g. data set(s) having a defined data structure) by applying one or more semantic model(s) to the gathered data. The data associated with the input material, output product, used output product or the component thereof may be gathered prior to, upon or after production of the input material, output product, the end product or the component thereof, respectively. The data associated with the input material, output product, used output product or the component thereof may include data related to the production of the input material, output product, the used output product or the component thereof. Data related to the production may include property data, emission data, recyclate content data, bio-based content data, biodegradability data. Emission data may include environmental footprint data. The property data may include data signifying one or more chemical and / or physical property / ies of the output product, the used output product or the component thereof. The property data may signify the chemical and / or physical property(ies). At least a part of these properties may be critical for production and / or processing. The at least one chemical and / or physical property may include at least one measured physical and / or chemical property and / or at least one physical and / or chemical property determined from collected data associated with the production of the output product, the end product or the component thereof and / or associated with the use of the output product, the end product or the component thereof. The one or more aspect(s) may be collectively referred to as output product data, end product data or component data respectively hereinafter. The one or more aspect(s) may be associated with or include a decentral identifier as described in the context of FIG. 2. The decentral identifier may include one or more UUID(s) and / or DID(s). The decentral identifier may include a decentral identifier signifying the digital twin (or asset) and one or more decentral identifier(s) signifying the aspect(s). At least one aspect may include the property data.

[0221] The output product may be produced by input material provider 104. The output product may be produced by chemical product producer 102. The used component or the used output product may be produced by chemical product user 106 or end-product producer 108 respectively, for example as described in the context of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. A digital access element may be generated upon or after production of the output product, the used component or the used output product, for example as described in the context of FIG. 2 and Fig. 3. The digital access element may be associated with the digital twin or aspect(s) thereof. The digital access element may be stored in a decentral registry, for example as described in the context of FIG. 2 and FIG. 6. The produced output products, such as produced end products, may be used by an end-product user 110 and may be disposed upon reaching its end of life. The EOL product may be collected by an EOL product collector 112. The collected EOL product may be sorted. The collected or sorted EOL product may be provided to recycler 114 or to an entity performing at least one re-use operation.

[0222] Data associated with the input material(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product, such as the EOL product, or component thereof may be provided (see block 502). Such data may be provided via a code connected to the input material(s), used output product or the component thereof, such as a bar code, a QR-code, a serial number, etc.. The code may encode the decentral identifier(s). The code may encode the digital input material identifier, digital used output product identifier or the digital component identifier. If the input material(s), used output product or component thereof is connected to a code, an output product producer, such as chemical product producer 102 or chemical product user 106, or a used output processor, such as recycler 114, may read the code through a code reader. The code reader may be a smartphone running a code reading application, such as a QR code reader app. The data obtained by the code reading application may be used to determine the decentral identifier(s) associated with the input material(s), used output product or the component thereof as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The data obtained by the code reading application may be used to determine the digital input material identifier, digital used output product identifier or the digital component identifier. The code reading application may display the determined data within a graphical user interface, such as graphical user interface 802 illustrated in FIG. 8A. Data associated with the input material(s), used output product or the component thereof may be provided via a serial number present on the input material(s), the used output product or the component thereof. If a serial number is present on the input material(s), the used output product or the component thereof, an output product producer, such as chemical product producer 102 or chemical product user 106, or a used output processor, such as recycler 114, may enter the serial number into a respective field displayed in a graphical user interface of an application, such as graphical user interface 802 illustrated in FIG. 8A. With reference to FIG. 8A, graphical user interface 802 may include one or more fields allowing data entry by a user, such as an output product producer or used output processor. Graphical user interface 802 may be configured to display data obtained by the code reading application. Graphical user interface 802 may allow to initiate gathering of digital twin(s) for EOL product(s) or component(s) thereof based on data inputted by the user or data obtained by the code reading application. Gathering of digital twin(s) may be initiated by pressing button 804 of graphical user interface 802. Gathering of digital twin(s) may include blocks 504 to 510 of FIG. 5.

[0223] A rule set including rule(s) configured to transform the provided data based on one or more transformation functions may be provided. The rule(s) may define data point(s) to be transformed and transformation function(s) to be used (see block 504). The rule set may further define an additional sequence to be added to the data point(s) to be transformed. The rule set may be provided from a database accessible by the application performing the method of FIG. 5. The rule set may be provided by decentral data providing network node(s). For instance, the rule set may be provided via an API of such decentral data providing network node. This may allow to define the transformation function(s) and optionally the additional sequence per data providing network node, hence avoiding recreation of access elements upon changing the transformation function. The rule set may be present within the code executed by the application. The rule(s) may define data point(s) present within the provided data. The rule(s) may define value(s) of key-value pairs present with in the provided data. Such data points or values may include the serial number of the input material(s), the used output product or the component thereof, the input material name, the used output product name, the used component name, specification(s) of the input material, used output product or the component thereof and / or property / ies of the input material, used output product or the component thereof.. The transformation function(s) may be selected from hash function(s) as described in the context of FIG. 2.

[0224] Query data may be generated by applying the transformation function(s) included in the provided rule set to at least part of provided data based on the provided rule set (see block 506). Query data may be generated by applying the transformation function(s) included in the provided rule set to at least a part of the provided data and the random sequence included in the rule set. Applying the transformation function(s) may include computing one or more hash value(s) for at least a part of the provided data, such as described in the context of FIG. 2. For instance, a hash value may be computed by applying a defined hash function (e.g. a hash function defined in the rule set) to a defined data point (e.g. a data point defined in the rule set), such as a defined value of a key-value pair. The defined data point may include the serial number, the name, the name, specification(s) and / or properties of the input material(s), used output product or the component thereof. Applying the transformation function(s) may include computing one or more hash value(s) for at least a part of the provided data and the random sequence, such as described in the context of FIG. 2. For instance, a hash value may be computed by applying a defined hash function (e.g. a hash function defined in the rule set) to an input value including the defined data point and the defined random sequence (e.g. the random sequence defined in the rule set). The defined data point may include the serial number, the name, the name, specification(s) and / or properties of the input material(s), used output product or the component thereof. Use of hash value(s) as query data to gather digital twin(s) avoids disclosure of sensitive information within the decentral network, such as digital identifiers including the name of the manufacturer, the name of the customer, customer specification(s) and / or properties of the input material, output product, used output product or components thereof. Hence, contents of access elements available within the decentral network can be searched via hash value(s) to enable efficient production of output products and circular economy use cases, such as re-use and / or recycling, while ensuring that no sensitive information is publicly disclosed within the decentral network without having to implement complicated access right management.

[0225] The decentral identifier associated with the input material(s), used output product or the component thereof may be gathered via a decentral network based on the generated query data (see block 508). The decentral network may be decentral network 140 described in the context of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The decentral identifier may be gathered as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 by determining the decentral data providing network node associated with the digital twin(s) of the input material(s), the used output product or the component thereof and gathering the decentral identifier associated with the input material(s), the used output product from a decentral registry associated with said decentral data providing network node based on the query data (e.g. by gathering the decentral identifier(s) matching the query data). The decentral identifier of components of the used output product may be gathered using the decentral identifier of the used output product as described in the context of FIG. 9 to FIG. 11. This may allow to determine decentral identifier(s) of component(s) to be processed, e.g. to be re-used or recycled, if such component(s) do not contain a separate code or serial number or if said code or serial number can no longer be identified.

[0226] Access element(s) may be gathered via the decentral network based on the gathered decentral identifier(s) (see block 510). Access element(s) may be gathered per decentral identifier gathered in block 508. Access element(s) may be gathered for at least a part of the decentral identifier(s) gathered in block 508. The access element may include the decentral identifier, transformed data values, such as hash value(s), and access data, for example as described in the context of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B. The access element may include access data per aspect of the digital twin (e.g. per data set having a defined semantic structure contained in the digital twin). This avoids generation of multiple access elements per digital twin, hence reducing the amount of data that needs to be stored. Moreover, this allows the data consumer to select the appropriate aspects from the access element data without having to gather multiple access elements for several aspects.

[0227] Property data may be gathered via the decentral network based on access element(s) (see block 512). The property data may signify one or more property / ies critical for production of the output product and / or for processing, e.g. re-use or recycling, of the used output product or the component thereof. The property data may include data associated with one or more property / ies critical for production of the output product and / or for processing, e.g. for re-use or recycling, of the used output product or the component thereof. Property data may be gathered as described in the context of FIG. 7. Property data may be gathered by determining the access data associated with the aspect containing the property data and requesting access to said aspect.

[0228] The gathered property data may be provided for display (see block 514). The gathered property data may be displayed within a graphical user interface, such as graphical user interface 806 illustrated in FIG. 8B. With reference to FIG. 8B, graphical user interface 806 may display the property / ies critical for the production and / or the processing. Graphical user interface 806 may further display data associated with said properties, such as amounts.

[0229] The method illustrated in FIG. 5 may allow to determine property / ies critical for the production of output products and / or for the processing, such as re-use or recycling, of used output products or components thereof in a secure and reliable manner via a decentral network without having to disclose sensitive data, such as digital identifier(s) or serial numbers including the manufacturer name, the customer name and / or customer specification(s). By obfuscating such sensitive data, for example via computing transformed data, such as hash value(s), from such sensitive data, identifier(s) or serial number(s) including sensitive information can be present on the input material(s), output product, used output product, component of the used output product, without having to implement complicated access rights to avoid access to such sensitive data by all participants of the decentral network. Moreover, backend systems of participants of the product ecosystem do not have to be adapted to exclude the use of such sensitive data upon generating decentral identifier(s) and / or upon labelling produced output products. The method illustrated in FIG. 5 hence enables efficient production by improving the production yields, the quality of produced output products and / or reducing plant downtimes and maintenance intervals. The method illustrated in FIG. 5 further enables circular economy use cases, such as improved re-use and / or recycling, by reliably determining properties critical for re-use or recycling, while ensuring that no sensitive information is disclosed to all participants of the decentral network without having to implement complicated access rights. In addition, the method illustrated in FIG. 5 allows to use such obfuscated data to query the decentral network for decentral network participants associated with access elements related to respective property data. This avoids that decentral network participants owing the respective property data cannot be identified due to a lack of access rights to decentral registries storing such access elements.

[0230] FIG. 6 illustrates a decentral system for accessing least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof. The decentral system may be used to implement the method illustrated in FIG. 5. The decentral system may be used to implement parts of the sequence diagram illustrated in FIG. 7. The decentral system may be used to determine decentral identifier(s) associated with the input material(s), the produced output product(s), the used output product(s) or the component(s) thereof. The decentral system may be decentral system 140 described in the context of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The output product may correspond to the output product described in the context of FIG. 5. The output product may be produced from one or more production input(s), for example as described in the context of FIG. 2. The used output product or the component thereof may be a used end product or a component thereof as described in the context of FIG. 5. The end product or the component thereof may be produced as illustrated in FIG. 2. The input material(s), produced output product, used output product or the component thereof may be associated with an access element including a decentral identifier, transformed data (such as hash value(s)) and access data. The access element may be generated as described in the context of FIG. 2. Examples of such access elements are illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B. The access element may further include or relate to authentication and / or authorization information linked to the decentral identifier. The access element may be generated as described in the context of FIG. 2. The access element may be provided to a decentral registry 220. Decentral registry 220 may store access elements.

[0231] The participants of the decentral network may be associated with decentral participant identifiers. Each participant of the decentral network may be associated with one or more decentral participant identifier(s). The decentral participant identifier may comprise any identifier uniquely associated with a participant of the decentral network and / or with a production site of the participant of the decentral network. The decentral participant identifier may include letters and / or numbers. The decentral participant identifier may include one or more Universally Unique Identifier(s) (UUID(s)) and / or one or more Decentralized Identifier(s) (DID(s)). The decentral participant identifier may be associated with or may include a verifiable claim or credential. The verifiable claim may be issued by a central or decentral identity issuer making one or more claims about a subject, such as a consumer entity being a trustworthy participant of the decentral network. For instance, the issuer may make a claim about a consumer (e.g. the entity operating data consuming network node(s)) the decentral participant identifier is associated with. The verifiable claim may include those claim(s) as well as proof instructions to prove that claim(s) have not been tampered with and were indeed issued by the claims issuer. The verifiable claim may also include duration information metadata that defines a period of time that the verifiable claim is valid for use or that defines a specific number of times that the verifiable claim is authorized for use. The verifiable claim may also include a DID of the claims issuer and / or the subject, such as a consumer entity. The verifiable claim may be signed by the claims issuer. The claims issuer may provide the verifiable claim to a claims holder, such as the consumer, for presentation to any relying party that relies upon the veracity of those claims, such as a decentral data provider. The signature of the verifiable claim may be validated with a public key associated with the claims issuer to determine that the customer entity is a trusted entity within the decentral network. The verifiable credential may be presented by the decentral data consuming network node and may be used by the decentral data providing network node to verify that the decentral participant associated with the decentral data consuming network node is a trusted entity within the decentral network prior to providing access to digital twin data, such as property data, hence ensuring that the digital twin can be exchanged in a secure and controlled manner within the decentral network.

[0232] The decentral network 140 illustrated in FIG. 6 may include different environments, such as an infrastructure environment 606, a data consumer environment 602 and a data provider environment 614. The environments may include one or more node(s). One or more applications, such as consumer app 604, may run on these node(s). The node(s) may be connected via peer-to-peer communication channels to allow data transfer between the nodes, as described in the context of FIG. 1. The decentral network 140 may include more or less environments than illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0233] Data consumer environment 602 may include a node running a consumer app 604 and consumer node 134 (e.g. decentral data consuming network node 134). The consumer app 604 may be configured to communicate with the consumer node 134. The consumer app 604 may be configured to perform authentication process(es) with consumer node 134. For instance, consumer app 604 may access a decentral IAM network node (not shown) and decentral IAM network node may be configured to provide an access token to consumer app 604 upon successful authentication. This access token may be used by consumer app 604 to access consumer node 134. This increases security and avoids that the consumer node 134 is accessed and data from the decentral network is gathered by unauthorized parties. The consumer app 604 may include a frontend and a backend server. The frontend may run on a user device, such as a smartphone or a desktop computer. The frontend may display a graphical user interface, such as illustrated in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B. The backend server may provide data to the frontend, for example data used to render the graphical user interface and / or data displayed within the graphical user interface. The backend server may communicate with consumer node 134. The backend server may communicate with further environments, such as infrastructure environment 606 and data provider environment 614 as described below. Consumer node 134 may be configured to communicate with one or more applications, such as consumer app 604. Consumer node 134 may be configured to receive data from and to transfer data to consumer app 604 after successful authentication. For instance, a user using consumer app 604 may need to register with consumer node 134 prior to gathering data from decentral network 140, such as property data. Consumer node 134 may be configured to gather data stored within the decentral network 140, such as endpoint(s) of provider node(s), access element(s) stored within decentral registry 220 and / or property data stored with a dedicated storage associated with the provider node 126 of the property data owner. Data consumer environment 602 may be associated with a participant of the product ecosystem, such as product ecosystem illustrated in FIG. 1 . For instance, data consumer environment 602 may be associated with an output product producer, such as chemical product producer 102 or chemical product user 106, receiving input material(s) and producing output product(s) using the input material(s). In another instance, data consumer environment 602 may be associated with a recycler 114 receiving a used output product or a component thereof from a collector 112. Infrastructure environment 606 may include endpoint resolver 608, participant ID resolver 610 and provider node resolver 612. The infrastructure environment 606 or parts thereof may be operated by one or more entity / ies not being part of the product ecosystem. Endpoint resolver 608 may be configured to provide endpoints of participant ID resolver 610 and provider node resolver 612. Endpoint resolver 608 may store such endpoint(s), for example within a database associated with or accessible by endpoint resolver 608. Participant ID resolver 610 may be configured to provide decentral participant identifier(s) based on received key(s) and / or value(s). Participant ID resolver 610 may store a mapping table mapping decentral participant identifier(s) to respective key(s) and / or value(s). The mapping table may be stored in a database associated with or accessible by participant ID resolver 610. Participant ID resolver 610 may be configured to provide multiple decentral participant identifier(s) if no key(s) and / or value(s) are received with the request from consumer app 604. Value(s) may include digital identifier(s), such as input material identifier(s), output product identifier(s), used output product identifier(s) or component identifier(s). Value(s) may include serial number(s of input material(s) and produced output product(s). Value(s) may include decentral identifier(s) associated with digital twin(s) of physical goods, such as input material(s) and output product(s). Provider node resolver 612 may be configured to provide endpoint(s) of provider node(s) based on received decentral participant identifier(s). Provider node resolver 612 may store a mapping table mapping decentral participant identifier(s) to endpoints of associated provider nodes. A decentral participant identifier may be mapped per endpoint. One decentral participant identifier may map to one or more endpoint(s) of associated provider node(s), for example if an entity associated with such decentral participant identifier operates more than one provider node. Infrastructure environment 606 may not be associated with a participant of the product ecosystem, such as the product ecosystem illustrated in FIG. 1 .

[0234] Data provider environment 614 may include provider node 126, decentral registry 220 and a provider backend 618. Data provider environment 614 may be associated with a data owner, such as a manufacturer producing output product(s) from one or more input material(s). Data provider environment 614 may further include a digital twin storage storing digital twins (e.g. assets and one or more associated aspect(s)) of produced output product(s) (not shown, see database 702 of FIG. 7). The digital twin storage may be a dedicated storage associated with the data owner. The data owner may own such dedicated storage. The data owner may have access to such dedicated storage. Provider node 126 may be configured to provide data, such as access elements stored in decentral registry 220, and aspect(s) and associated asset(s) stored in the digital twin storage. Provider node 126 may be configured to perform authentication and authorization step(s) prior to providing data, for example as described with reference to FIG. 7 later on. Decentral registry 220 may be configured to store access element(s) associated with digital twin(s) and to provide such access element(s) to data provider 126. Provider backend 618 may be configured to generate access element(s), for example as described in the context of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Provider backend 618 may be configured to generate digital twin(s), for example as described in the context of FIG. 2. Provider backend 618 may be configured to provide key(s) and / or value(s) and associated decentral participant identifier(s) to participant ID resolver 610. In response to receiving such data from provider backend 618, participant ID resolver 610 may generate mapping data mapping the decentral participant identifier to the provided key(s) and / or value(s). Participant ID resolver 610 may store the generated mapping data within a mapping table as previously described.

[0235] With reference to FIG. 7, consumer app 604 may be configured to initiate the illustrated sequence. Consumer app 604 may initiate the illustrated sequence upon receiving a user input to gather property data for given input material(s), a used output product or a component thereof. For instance, consumer app 604 may display a graphical user interface 802 and may initiate the illustrate sequence upon detecting a user input on button 804. Consumer app 604 initiate the sequence upon receiving data associated with the input material(s), used output product or component thereof from a code reader, for example as described int eh context of FIG. 12. Consumer app 604 may send a request to provide endpoints of participant ID resolver 610 and provider node resolver 612 to endpoint resolver 608. The request may be authenticated. Upon successful authentication, endpoint resolver 608 may provide the requested endpoint data to consumer app 604. The endpoint data may include a URI, such as a URL, of the participant ID resolver 610 and provider node resolver 612, respectively.

[0236] With continued reference to FIG. 7 and upon receiving the endpoint data from endpoint resolver 608, consumer app 604 may be configured to request decentral participant identifier(s) from participant ID resolver 610. The request may include key(s) and / or value(s). For instance, the request may contain an identifier, such as an end product identifier or component identifier. In another instance, the request may contain a serial number, such as an input material serial number, used output product serial number or a component serial number. The request may be authenticated. Upon successful authentication, participant ID resolver 610 may provide one or more decentral participant identifier(s) matching the data contained in the received request.

[0237] With continued reference to FIG. 7 and upon receiving the decentral participant identifier(s) from participant ID resolver 610, consumer app 604 may be configured to request endpoint(s) for provider node(s) associated with said decentral participant identifier(s) from provider node resolver 612. The request may include one or more decentral participant identifier(s) received from participant ID resolver 610. The request may be authenticated. Upon successful authentication, provider node resolver 612 may provide one or more endpoint(s) associated with the received decentral participant identifier(s). Provider node resolver 612 may provide more than one endpoint per decentral participant identifier. The endpoint(s) may be URI(s), such as URL(s) of respective provider node(s). In another embodiment (not shown), consumer app 604 may be configured to send a request for such endpoint(s) to consumer node 134 and consumer node 134 may be configured to request such endpoint(s) from provider node resolver 612. The request may include at least a part of the received decentral participant identifiers. Consumer node 134 may be configured to provide the received end point(s) to consumer app 604. Consumer node 134 may be configured to request rule set(s) from provider nodes 126 associated with the endpoint(s) received from provider node resolver 612. The request may be sent to an API of provider nodes 126 configured to provide such rule set(s), Consumer node 134 may be configured to provide received rule set(s) to consumer app 604.

[0238] With continued reference to FIG. 7, consumer app 604 may be configured to receive data associated with the input material(s), the used output product or the component thereof as described in the context of FIG. 5 (see block 502 of FIG. 5). Consumer app 604 may be configured to generate query data as described in the context of FIG. 5 (see blocks 504 and 506 of FIG. 5). The query data may be generated based on rule set(s) received from consumer node 134. The query data may be generated per rule set, e.g. different query data may be generated for different rule set(s). This may allow to generate query data adapted to different transformation functions used by different data providers upon generation of access elements. The query data may include one or more transformed data points, such as hash value(s). For instance, the query data may include a hash value of the input material identifier, used output product identifier or the component identifier. The query data may further include data related to specific aspects (e.g. data set(s)) of the digital twin. Data related to specific aspects may include sequences defining such aspects in access elements. Consumer app 604 may be configured to generate a request for gathering the decentral identifier associated with said input materials, used output product or component thereof. The request may include at least a part of the received end point(s) and the query data. The request may be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may be configured - in response to the request from consumer app 604 - to generate one or more requests. The one or more requests may include the query data and a decentral participant identifier associated with the consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may be configured to send such requests to the endpoint(s) included in the request received from consumer app 604. The provider node(s) associated with said endpoint(s) may be associated with an input material producer or an output product producer.

[0239] The request may be authenticated. Such authentication may be based on data related to an authentication mechanism. The authentication mechanism may be based on certificate(s) and / or token(s), for example a device certificate (X.509v3), a TLS connection certificate (X.509v3) and a ‘Dynamic Attribute Token’ (OAuth Access Token), associated with the respective decentral participant nodes, e.g. consumer node 134 and provider node 126. If authentication fails, no data may be provided by respective data provider(s).

[0240] With continued reference to FIG. 7, provider node(s) may be configured to query associated decentral registry(ies) 220 to determine whether the associated decentral registry 220 includes decentral identifier(s) related to the query data contained in the received request from the consumer node 134. Such query may be performed if the authentication is valid. Such query may be performed irrespective of whether a business relationship is existing between the entity requesting the data and the entity providing the data since the transformed data does not longer reveal any sensitive information that can only be exchanged if a business relationship is existing. Such business relationships may be reflected by access rights implemented within the provider node(s) and may prevent consumer node(s) of participants of the product ecosystem, such as recycler 114, not having a business relationship with output product producers and / or output product users 106 to gather any data owned by such entities via the associated provider node(s). This hampers exchange of data on chemical and / or physical properties critical for the production of output products and / or the processing of used output products, hence reducing the production efficiency and / or the re-use and recycling rates and thus circularity.

[0241] Provider node(s) not having determined decentral identifier(s) related to the query data may send a respective response to consumer node 134. Provider node(s) not having determined decentral identifier(s) related to the query data may not send any response to consumer node 134. Provider node(s) 126 having determined decentral identifier(s) related to the query data may initiate contract negotiations with consumer node 134. Provider node 126 may provide an electronic contract to consumer node 134. The electronic contract may include one or more authorization rule(s) associated with the decentral identifier. The electronic contract may be provided to consumer app 604. Consumer app 604 may display the contents of the electronic contract and may request signature of the electronic contract by the user. This allows the user to determine access and usage conditions associated with the desired data. If the user signs the electronic contract, consumer app 604 may provide data being indicative of the signature, such as a token, to consumer node 134. If the user does not sign the electronic contract, consumer app 604 may likewise forward data being indicative of declining the contractto consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may forward this data to provider node 126. Upon declining the contract, provider node 126 may terminate the connection and may not provide any data. Use of the electronic contract ensures that the consumer node 134 and further systems, such as consumer app 604, handling the data are complying to at least one policy associated with the data.

[0242] Provider node(s) having determined decentral identifier(s) related to the query data may provide such decentral identifier(s) to consumer node 134. Such identifier(s) may be provided upon successful contract negotiation. Consumer node 134 may provide received decentral identifier(s) to consumer app 604.

[0243] With continued reference to FIG. 7 and upon receiving decentral identifier(s), consumer app 604 may be configured to generate a request to gather access element(s) associated with at least a part of the received decentral identifier(s). The request may include respective decentral identifier(s). The request may be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may be configured to request respective access element(s) from provider node(s) providing decentral identifier(s) included in the received request from consumer app 604. The request to respective provider node(s) may include the decentral identifier(s) and the decentral participant identifier associated with consumer node 134. Upon receiving the request, provider node(s) 126 may gather access element(s) from associated decentral registry 220 based on the decentral identifier(s) contained in the received request. The gathered access element(s) may then be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may provide the received access element(s) to consumer app 604. Consumer app 604 may further be configured to generate a request to gather decentral identifier(s) associated with component(s) used to produce the used output product based on the decentral identifier associated with the used output product, as described in the context of FIG. 9 to FIG. 11 . Consumer app 604 may further be configured to generate a request to gather decentral identifier(s) associated with chemical product(s) used to produce the used output product or a component thereof, based on the decentral identifier associated with the used output product or the component thereof, respectively, as described in the context of FIG. 9 to FIG. 11 .

[0244] With continued reference to FIG. 7, consumer app 604 may be configured to display the received access element(s). The access element(s) may include one or more aspect(s) (e.g. data set(s)) as described in the context of FIG. 2. The user may select the appropriate aspect(s) to be retrieved. The selection may be determined by consumer app 604 and a respective request to retrieve such aspect(s) may be generated. Consumer app 604 may parse the received access elements for data related to aspects contained in the generated query data to determine decentral identifier(s) matching said additional sequence(s). After determining the decentral identifier(s), consumer app 604 may generate the request to retrieve aspect(s) associated with such decentral identifier(s). The request may include the decentral identifier of the digital twin and associated identifier(s) of the selected aspect(s). The request may be forwarded to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may generate a request to gather said aspect(s) from respective provider node(s). The request may include the identifiers included in the request received from consumer app 604 and the decentral participant identifier associated with consumer node 134. The request may be provided to respective provider node 126. Consumer node 134 and provider node 126 may be authenticating as previously described.

[0245] Provider node 126 may initiate contract negotiations with consumer node 134 as previously described. Contract negations may be initiated upon successful authentication. Provider node 126 may gather requested aspect(s) from digital twin storage 702 storing digital twin(s) and associated aspect(s) based on the decentral identifier and associated identifier(s) of the aspect(s). The aspect(s) may be gathered upon successful contract negotiations. The peer-to-peer communication channel may be terminated and no aspect(s) may be provided if no electronic contract is signed. The gathered aspect(s) may be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may forward the received aspect(s) to consumer app 604. The received aspect(s) may include the property data.

[0246] Consumer app 604 may be configured to store the received aspect(s) (e.g. the received data set(s)) in a data storage. The aspect(s) may be stored according to rule(s) stipulated by the signed electronic contract. Consumer app 604 may be configured to display at least part of the aspect data within a graphical user interface, such as graphical user interface 806 illustrated in FIG. 8B.

[0247] By transforming sensitive data, such transformed data can be used to query decentral registries of the decentral network for access elements associated with data on chemical and / or physical properties critical for the production of output products and / or for processing used output products or components thereof without requiring an existing business relationship allowing disclosure of sensitive information between the party querying the decentral registry and the party associated with such decentral registry. Hence, the transformed data may be reliably used to identify the decentral network participant owing the data on such chemical and / or physical properties, enabling to request access to such data from such participant. Sharing of such data allows to tailor production operations, along to improve production efficiency and output product quality. Sharing of such data allows to tailor operations associated with the re-use of used output products or components thereof, hence allowing to prolong the lifetime of the reusable output products or components thereof while allowing a high quality of the output product resulting from the re-use operation(s). Sharing of such data allows to tailor recycling operations to recycle used output products or components thereof such that a negative impact on the quality of the recyclate and hence a negative impact on the further processing of the recyclate due to contaminations may be avoided. This allows to improve the circularity of the used output products or components thereof, hence reducing the overall environmental impact of the product ecosystem.

[0248] FIG. 9 illustrates an example system for obtaining property data based on decentral identifier(s) associated with a used output product or a component thereof. The used output product may be a used end product. The used end product may be an end-of-life (EOL) product. The system of FIG. 9 may be used to gather access elements of component(s) used to produce the used output product and / or of chemical product(s) used to produce the used output product or a component thereof as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The property data may include data associated with chemical and / or physical property / ies critical for the processing, such as recycling or re-use, of the used output product or the component thereof. The used output product or component thereof may be associated with a digital twin as described in the context of FIG. 2, FIG. 6 and Fig. 7. The digital twin may include data related to the production of the used output product or component thereof, such as property data (see FIG. 2). Data related to the production of the used output product may refer to data related to the production of the output product the used output product is resulting from (e.g. by using the produced output product).

[0249] The used output product or the component thereof may be provided in association with an access element as previously described. The used output product or the component thereof may be connected to an identification as described in the context of FIG. 5. The identification may be read through a code reader 906 as described in the context of FIG. 5. The code reader may be a smartphone running an identification application. The identification may be entered by a user within a graphical user interface of an application running on a device 906, such as a smartphone (see FIG. 5).

[0250] With reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the code reader 906 or application may be configured to gather the decentral identifier associated with the used output product or the component thereof via a consumer node and a provider node from a decentral registry 220 associated with said provider node (provider node and consumer node not shown, see FIG. 6, FIG. 7). The code reader 906 or application may be configured to authenticate with the consumer node via decentral IAM network node 1 914 as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. With reference to FIG. 11 , code reader 906 or the application may be configured to provide at least part of the gathered decentral identifiers (e.g. UUID1) via a consumer node to decentral network node 912. The consumer node may be configured to provide authentication data, such as a decentral participant identifier and optionally authentication data, such as an access token received from decentral IAM network node 1 914, to decentral network node 912. The consumer node may further be configured to provide a decentral participant identifier associated with said consumer node to decentral network node 912.

[0251] With continued reference to FIG. 11 , decentral network node 912 may be configured to verify the authentication data received from the consumer node associated with the code reader or application with decentral IAM network node 1 914. Decentral network node 912 may be configured to determine the decentral data providing network node (e.g. provider node) associated with the provided decentral identifier (e.g. associated with the decentral registry storing the access element including the decentral identifier). With reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, decentral network node 912 may gather the decentral participant identifier(s) associated with said decentral identifier(s) from participant ID resolver 610. Decentral network node 912 may gather the endpoint(s) of provider node(s) associated with said decentral participant identifier(s) from provider node resolver 612. Decentral network node 912 may be configured to gather the access element associated with the decentral identifier(s) from the provider node(s), for example as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Decentral network node 912 may parse the received access element(s) to determine aspect(s) contained within the received access element data. Decentral network node 912 may filter the determined aspect(s) to determine data related to relationship data set(s) (e.g. an aspect defining a relationship between the used output product or the component thereof and materials used to prepare such output product or component thereof via respective decentral identifiers) associated with the decentral identifier(s). Data related to a relationship data set may include a decentral relationship representation identifier and a digital representation (e.g. access data) pointing to the respective relationship data set. The digital representation pointing to the relationship data set may point to the provider node associated with the respective relationship data set. For instance, the data related to the relationship data set associated with the end product may comprise a digital representation (e.g. access data) pointing to provider node associated with producers of materials used to produce the output product, such as component(s) or component assemblies. Decentral network node 912 or a decentral data consuming network node associated with said decentral network node 912 (not shown) may be configured to request relationship data set(s) associated with the decentral relationship representation identifier(s) from respective data providers, for example as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Decentral network node 912 or a decentral data consuming network node associated with said decentral network node 912 (not shown) may be configured to gather data related to the production, such as property data. With reference to FIG. 10, the relationship data set 1016 associated with the digital twin 1014 of the used output product may include the decentral output product identifier (ID6) and the decentral component identifier (ID5). The relationship data set may be included in a digital twin of the used output product 1014. The relationship data sets may define a relationship between the respective identifiers, for example via a parent child relationship. For example, the relationship data set 1016 may define decentral output product identifier (ID6) as parent identifier and decentral component identifier (ID5) as child identifier. The relationship data set 1016 may allow to determine components used to produce the use output product. This may allow to determine property data associated with the component(s) used to produce the output product upon receiving a used or waste output product which does not necessarily contain the decentral component identifier any longer.

[0252] The digital twin of the used output product 1014 may be associated via relationship data set 1016 with the digital twin of the component 1002 used to produce the output product. The digital twin of the component may include a relationship data set 1012 containing the decentral component identifier (ID5), a decentral identifier associated with a first chemical product (ID3) and a decentral identifier associated with a second chemical product (ID4) used to produce the component. Hence, via the decentral end product identifier, access to data related to the production of the end product (e.g. property data) as well as data related to the production of the components used to produce the end product (e.g. property data) may be gathered as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.

[0253] The digital twin of the component 1002 may be associated via relationship data set 1012 with the digital twin of the first chemical product 1010 and the digital twin of the second chemical product 1024. The digital twin of the first chemical product 1010 may in turn be associated via relationship data set 1026 including the decentral identifier associated with the first chemical product (ID3) and a decentral identifier associated with input material(s) (e.g. raw material(s)) used to produce the chemical product (ID1) with the digital twin 1028 of said input material(s). The digital twin of the first second product 1024 may in turn be associated via relationship data set 1030 including the decentral identifier associated with the second chemical product (ID4) and a decentral identifier associated with input material(s) (e.g. raw material(s)) used to produce the chemical product (ID2) with the digital twin 1032 of said input material(s).

[0254] Referring back to FIG. 9 and with continued reference to FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 11 , decentral network node 912 may be configured to parse the gathered relationship data set(s) to determine the decentral child identifier(s) included in said relationship data set(s). Decentral network node 912 may be configured to gather access element(s) associated with said decentral child identifier(s). Decentral network node 912 may be configured to parse the access element data to determine access data associated with said decentral child identifier(s) and the respective aspect including the data related to the production, such as the property data. Using said decentral child identifier(s) and the access data, decentral network node 912 or a decentral data consuming network node associated with said decentral network node 912 (not shown) may be configured to gather the respective aspect(s) from determined provider node(s). In this example, decentral network node 912 may receive a decentral identifier associated with a used or waste output product from code reader 906 or the application running on device 906. The decentral network node 912 may determine the provider node(s) associated with said decentral identifier as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Decentral network node 912 may gather the access element associated with said decentral identifier as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The access element may be associated with a digital twin of the used output product. The digital twin of the used output product may be stored on a dedicated storage environment (e.g. DT storage 3 918) associated with the provider node of the output product producer or the digital twin data owner. Decentral network node 912 may parse the access element data to determine aspect data signifying a relationship between the used output product and input material(s), such as component(s) and component assemblies, used to produce the output product. The aspect may correspond to the relationship data set previously described. The aspect data may include an aspect identifier and access data pointing to the provider node (e.g. provider node 128) associated with the relationship data set. Decentral network node 912 or a decentral data consuming network node associated with decentral network node 912 may be configured to gather the relationship data set from provider node 128 using the aspect identifier and the access data as described in the context of FIG. 6 and Fig. 7. Decentral network node 912 or a decentral data consuming network node associated with decentral network node 912 may be configured to access component data, in particular property data, from provider node 126 based on the decentral component identifier included in the relationship data set. This may include determining provider node 126 based on the decentral component identifier as previously described, gathering the associated access element as previously described, determining the access data associated with the aspect including the property data and gathering the property data using the associated aspect identifier and access data (see FIG. 6 and FIG. 7). Access to the property data may be authorized based on the decentral participant identifier provided by the consumer node. Access to the property data may be controlled by the provider node 126 associated with said property data. This ensures that property data can only be accessed by authorized participants of the product ecosystem, hence avoiding uncontrolled access to the property data.

[0255] Decentral network node 912 may be configured to retrieve decentral identifier(s) associated with input materials used to produce the component, such as chemical product(s), from the relationship data set(s) gathered via the aspect data signifying a relationship between the component and such input material(s). The aspect data may be included in the gathered access element associated with the component. Decentral network node 912 may be configured to retrieve decentral identifier(s) associated with input materials used to produce the component, from the gathered relationship data set(s). Decentral network node 912 may be configured to gather one or more access elements associated with said decentral identifier(s) using the determined decentral identifier(s) as previously described. Decentral network nodes 912 or the decentral data consuming network node may be configured to gather relationship data set(s), for example from provider node 124 associated with a chemical product producer and dedicated storage 916 containing chemical product data associated with the respective chemical product. Decentral network nodes 912 or the decentral data consuming network node may be configured to access chemical product data as described previously.

[0256] The same procedure may be performed for production input(s) used to produce the chemical products. Hence, decentral network node 912 may be configured to determine, based on the accessed relationship data set(s) and the linking between decentral identifier(s) of production inputs and resulting products, a bill of material tree associated with the end product. The bill of material tree may represent relationships between all production inputs used to produce the output product. Recursive determination of decentral identifier(s) using relationship representation(s) hence allows to obtain property data for at least a part of the production input(s). Such property data may include or signify chemical and / or physical property / ies critical for re-use or recycling as previously described.

[0257] The property data gathered by decentral network node 912 may be provided to code reader 906 or the application running on device 906. The gathered property data may be used to control the sorting and / or re-use or recycling of used output products or components thereof. The gathered property data may be used to determine cleaning and / or maintenance operations to be performed on the used output product or the component thereof. The concept described in the context of FIG. 9 to FIG. 11 may also be used to gather property data associated with production input(s) used to produce an output product. For instance, based on the decentral identifier(s) associated with the production input(s), materials used to produce such production input(s) and associated property data may be determined. The gathered property data may be used to control the production of the output product.

[0258] FIG. 12 illustrates schematically an example of a system for accessing property data associated with output product(s) or component(s) thereof by downstream node(s) associated with downstream participant(s) processing the output product(s) or component(s) thereof. The system shown in FIG. 12 may be used to exchange data, such as property data associated with input material(s), output product(s), used output product(s) or component(s) thereof, between participants of a participant network, such as the participant network described in the context of FIG. 1. What is described in the context of FIG. 12 with respect to property data associated with a component equally applies to property data associated with input material(s) used to produce output product(s) and / or to property data associated with output product(s).

[0259] For exchanging property data within the participant network illustrated for example in FIG. 1 , digital twins associated with the component may be generated. The component may be produced by a discrete production 214 as described in the context of FIG. 2. The digital twin may be a digital representation of a physical entity of the component with defined semantic description(s) of said physical entity of the component. The digital twin of the physical entity of the component is hence a digital version of said physical entity. Once created, the digital twin can be used to represent the physical entity of the component in a digital representation of a real-world system. The digital twin may be uniquely linked to the physical component via an identifier. The digital twin may be created such that it is identical in form and behavior of the corresponding component. Additionally, the digital twin may mirror the properties of the component, e.g. during its production and / or lifetime. For example, sensors may capture real-time (or near real-time) data, such as transport data or use data, from the physical component to relay it back to a remote digital twin. The digital twin may then be updated to maintain its correspondence to the physical entity of the component. Hence, the digital twin may at any time represent the current state of the physical entity of the component.

[0260] The digital twin of the component may include a decentral identifier and component data. Component data may include property data, for example as described in the context of FIG. 2. The digital twin may be generated by the data owner of the data related to the production of the component, such as chemical product user 106. The digital twin may be generated on behalf of the data owner. The digital twin may be generated by gathering data related to the production of the component, applying one or more data models to the gathered data to generate the component data and linking the generated component data to the decentral identifier. Via the decentral identifier and its unique association with the digital twin (and hence with the component and component data) and optionally the data owner, access to the digital twin or parts thereof generated from said data may be controlled by the data owner. This contrasts with central authority schemes, where identifiers are provided by such central authority and access to data is controlled by such central authority. The digital twin may be stored in a database associated with or of the data owner of the digital twin. The digital twin may be stored in a database of the data owner for access by data consumer(s). The database may be accessible by the data owner of the digital twin. Access to the database may be controlled by the data owner of the digital twin, for example via the decentral identifier. Access to the database may be controlled by the data owner of the digital twin, for example via data providing network node associated with the data owner based on the decentral identifier.

[0261] The decentral identifier may be linked to other decentral identifier(s) according to a physical relation of the component with other physical entities e.g. those used to produce the component or those produced from the component, for example as described in the context of FIG. 9 to FIG. 11. This way decentral participant node(s) of the decentral network may be able to interpret the relation of the decentral identifier corresponding to the physical relation of the physical component to other physical entities. The linking of the decentral identifier with other decentral product identifier(s) allows to determine the decentral participant node(s) storing the data associated with products produced using the component or input materials used to produce the component. The decentral identifier may be digital or virtual identifier(s), e.g. may not correspond to physical identifier(s) physically attached to the component.

[0262] The decentral identifier may be assigned to a physical identifier connected to the component. The connection of the physical identifier with the component may be provided by means of physical connection to the physical component. For instance, the physical identifier may be connected with the component. The physical identifier may have one-to-one correspondence to a virtual identity or to the component by means of a physical connection to the component. The physical identifier may be physically attached to the component via an identifier element. Physical identifier or physical identifier element may refer to any virtual or physical arrangement that associates the decentral identifier with the component. The physical identifier may be any identifier for the component, such as a serial number or a part number. The physical identifier element may comprise a passive or active element, e.g. QR-code, RFID-tag, but is not limited thereto. The physical identifier element may be a physical identifier physically connected to the component. The identifier element may include markers embedded in the component, a bar code, a QR- Code, a tag like a RFID tag or similar physical arrangement that allows to digitally identify the component.

[0263] Digital access element(s) may be generated to allow access to the component data or parts thereof via the decentral network 134, for example as described in the context of FIG. 2. The digital access element may be provided to a decentral registry node, such as decentral registry 220. The decentral registry node may store decentral access element identifier(s) and associated access data. Access to the decentral registry 220 may be controlled by the data owner of the component data associated with such access elements. Access to the decentral registry 220 may be controlled via decentral data providing node 126. Access to the decentral registry 220 may be controlled based on decentral participant identifiers related to decentral data consuming nodes associated with data consumers. This way, data consuming node(s) requesting access to decentral registry 220 may be filtered.

[0264] The component may be produced by a production, for example as described in the context of FIG. 2. The production may be a discrete production. The production may be operated by chemical product user 106. The component as produced by the chemical product user 106 may be provided to recycler 114 via an EOL product collector 112 collecting and sorting end-of-life products. The EOL product collector may dismantle end-of-life products and may provide dismantled components to recycler 114. The recycler 114 may process, e.g. reycle, the supplied component to produce recycled material. The component may be connected to a code, such as a bar code or QR-code. The code may encode a component identifier. The code may encode the decentral identifier. The code may further encode a digital representation pointing to the data providing node associated with the material data, such as node 126 and / or the decentral participant identifier related to such node. The code may further encode a digital representation pointing to the consumer app 604. The recycler 114 receiving the component may read the code through code reader 1224. The code reader 1224 may be a smartphone running a code reading application, such as a QR code reader app. The code reading application may be configured to determine the material identifier. The code reading application may be configured to determine the decentral material identifier. The code reading application may further be configured to determine the digital representation pointing to the data providing node or the consumer app 604. The code reading application may be configured to display the data, such as the identifier(s) and / or the digital representation(s). The code reading application may be configured to provide the data, such as the component identifier or decentral identifier and optionally the digital representation and / or decentral participant identifier, to consumer app 604.

[0265] Consumer app 604 may be in a client-server relationship with code reader 1224, where code reader 1224 functions as client and consumer app 604functions as server. Consumer app 604 may be configured to provide data to code reader 1224, such as gathered decentral identifiers and / or gathered digital twins or parts thereof. Code reader 1224 may be configured to display such data, for example within a graphical user interface. Consumer app 604 may be connected to a decentral data consuming network node being part of a decentral network 134, such as node 134. Node 134 may be associated with a recycling facility processing end-of-life product(s) or component(s) thereof. Node 134 may be associated with the entity operating the recycling facility, such as recycler 114. Node 134 may be configured to determine - based on the data received from code reader 1224 and / or consumer app 604 - provider node(s) being associated with the producer of the component, such as node 126. For instance, node 134 may be configured to query infrastructure environment 606 of decentral network 134 (not shown, see in FIG. 6) for endpoints of provider node(s), such as node 134, based on decentral participant identifier(s) of data provider(s) associated with the component identifier. The decentral participant identifier(s) of the data provider(s) may be determined by consumer app 604 as described in the context of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.

[0266] Consumer app 604 may be configured to generate query data to query decentral registries, such as decentral registry 220, associated with the obtained endpoint(s) of the provider node(s), such as node 126. The query data may be generated as described in the context of FIG. 5. And FIG. 7. The query data may be generated based on rule set(s) received from consumer node 134. The request may be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may be configured to send such queries to the endpoint(s) of provider node(s), such as node 126, included in the request received from consumer app 604 (see step [2] of FIG. 12). The queries may be authenticated. Such authentication may be based on data related to an authentication mechanism. The authentication mechanism may be based on certificate(s) and / or token(s), for example a device certificate (X.509v3), a TLS connection certificate (X.509v3) and a ‘Dynamic Attribute Token’ (OAuth Access Token), associated with the respective decentral participant nodes, e.g. consumer node 134 and provider node 126. If authentication fails, no query results may be provided by respective data provider(s). The queries may further be authorized. Such authorization may be based on or related to an authorization mechanism. The authorization mechanism may be based on decentral participant identifier(s) of data consumer(s) allowed to access decentral registry 220, for example as described in the context of FIG. 7.

[0267] If authentication is successful or if authentication and authorization is successful, provider node(s), such as node 126, may be configured to query associated decentral registry(ies), such as decentral registry 220, to determine whether the associated decentral registry includes decentral identifier(s) related to the query data contained in the query received from the consumer node 134 (see steps [3], [4] in FIG. 12). Provider node(s) 126 not having determined decentral identifier(s) related to the query data may send a respective response to consumer node 134 or may not send any response to consumer node 134. Provider node(s) 126 having determined decentral identifier(s) related to the query data may return such decentral identifier(s) to consumer node 134 (see step [5] in FIG. 12). Consumer node 134 may provide such decentral identifier(s) to consumer app 604.

[0268] Consumer app 604 may be configured to generate a request to gather access element(s) associated with the decentral identifier(s) upon receiving the decentral identifier(s) from consumer node 134. The request may include the decentral identifier(s) received from consumer node 134. The request may be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may be configured to request respective access element(s) from provider node(s) 126 having provided decentral material identifier(s) in step [5]) (see step [6] of FIG. 12). The request to respective provider node(s) 126 may include the decentral identifier(s) and the decentral participant identifier associated with consumer node 134. Upon receiving the request, provider node(s) 126 may gather access element(s) from associated decentral registry 220 based on the decentral identifier(s) contained in the received request. The gathered access element(s) may then be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may provide the received access element(s) to consumer app 604. Consumer app 604 may store the access elements in a storage associated with the server, such as storage 1220.

[0269] Consumer app 604 may be configured to parse the received access element(s). The access element(s) may include decentral identifier(s) and associated access data. Consumer app 604 may be configured to determine access data associated with the property data of the component by matching access data contained in received access elements with generated query data. Consumer app 604 may be configured to generate a respective request to retrieve such property data. The request may include the decentral identifier(s) and the associated access data. The request may be forwarded to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may generate a request to gather the respective property data associated with the decentral identifier from respective provider node(s) 126. The request may include the decentral identifier(s) included in the request received from consumer app 604. The request may further include the decentral participant identifier associated with consumer node 134. The request may be sent by consumer node 134 to the endpoint defined in the access data gathered from provider node 126. Consumer node 134 and provider node 126 may be authenticating as previously described.

[0270] Provider node 126 may determine whether the entity associated with consumer node 134 is authorized to access the requested property data based on the decentral participant identifier related to consumer node 134. This may allow to filter consumer nodes requesting access to such property data based on associated decentral participant identifiers, hence improving security to ensure that no unauthorized data consumer(s) can access the property data despite having access to the access element. Provider node 126 may gather the requested property data from database 702 based on the decentral identifier(s) received from consumer node 134 (see steps [7], [8] of FIG. 12). Provider node 126 may gather the requested property data upon successful authorization of consumer node 134. Provider node 126 may provide the gathered property data to consumer node 134 (see step [9] in FIG. 12). Provider node 126 may apply policy data defining permission(s), obligation(s) and / or prohibition(s) of data consumer(s) with respect to processing of the property data to the gathered property data prior to providing such data to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may provide the received property data to consumer app 604. Consumer app 6040 be configured to store such received property data in storage 1220 (see steps

[0010] ,

[0011] in FIG. 12).

[0271] Through the access element, representation(s) for accessing the property data may be made available within the decentral network to data consumer(s). Through the decentral identifier, access to the property data may be controlled by the data owner of the property data, allowing the data owner to control access to the property data by multiple decentral data consuming network nodes existing within the decentral network via the decentral identifier. This way, the property data can be shared with unique association to the component and without central intermediary directly between the participants of the product ecosystem in a secure and reliable manner. The present disclosure has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments and examples as well. However, other variations can be understood and effected by those persons skilled in the art and practicing the claimed invention, from the studies of the drawings, this disclosure and the claims.

[0272] Any steps presented herein can be performed in any order. The methods disclosed herein are not limited to a specific order of these steps. It is also not required that the different steps are performed at a certain place or in a certain computing node of a distributed system, i.e. each of the steps may be performed at different computing nodes using different equipment / data processing.

[0273] As used herein ..determining" also includes ..initiating or causing to determine", “generating" also includes ..initiating and / or causing to generate" and “providing” also includes “initiating or causing to determine, generate, select, send and / or receive”. “Initiating or causing to perform an action” includes any processing signal that triggers a computing node or device to perform the respective action.

[0274] In the claims as well as in the description the word “comprising” or “including” or similar wording does not exclude other elements or steps and shall not be construed limiting to the elements or steps lined out. The indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several entities or items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in the mutual different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used in an advantageous implementation or further elements may be included.

[0275] Providing in the scope of this disclosure may include any interface configured to provide data. This may include an application programming interface, a human-machine interface such as a display and / or a software module interface. Providing may include communication of data or submission of data to the interface, in particular display to a user or use of the data by the receiving entity. Any disclosure and embodiments described herein relate to methods, systems, apparatuses, devices, chemicals, materials, services, uses, computer program elements lined out above and vice versa. Advantageously, the benefits provided by any of the embodiments and examples equally apply to all other embodiments and examples and vice versa.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production, the method comprising the steps of: collecting data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of the output product; providing one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the output product; providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions; transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set; generating access data associated with the property data; generating an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data; providing the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by one or more data consuming network node(s) of the decentral network under control of a data providing network node associated with a producer of the output product.

2. A method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing of a used output product or a component thereof, the method comprising the steps of: collecting data related to the production of the used output product or the component thereof, wherein the data related to the production includes property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for processing of the used output product or the component thereof; providing one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the used output product or the component thereof; providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data related to the production based on one or more transformation functions; transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set; generating access data associated with the property data; generating an access element including the one or more decentral identifier(s), at least a part of the transformed data and the access data associated with the property data;providing the access element to a decentral network for access to the property data by one or more data consuming network node(s) of the decentral network under control of a data providing network node associated with a producer of the used output product or the component thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product and / or the processing of the used output product orthe component thereof is collected prior to, on, during and / or after production of the output product by the producer of the output product or is collected prior to, on, during and / or after production of the used output product by the producer of the used output product or is collected prior to, on, during and / or after production of the component by the producer of the component.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein data related to the production includes input data associated with one or more production input(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof, in particular decentral identifier(s) associated with the one or more production input(s) and / or output product identifier(s) and / or used output product identifier(s) or component identifier(s).

5. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more transformation function(s) include one or more hash function(s).

6. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein transforming at least a part of the collected data related to the production includes computing one or more hash value(s) by applying one or more hash function(s) to one or more data point(s) included in the collected data related to the production based on the provided rule set.

7. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the property data includes one or more property data set(s) specifying the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product by a chemical and / or physical production process and / or wherein the property data includes one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical production of the output product per production process and / or per decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node accessing the property data.

8. The method of any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the property data includes one or more property data set(s) specifying the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling of the used output product or the component thereof by a chemical and / or physical and / or thermal recycling process and / or wherein the property data includes one or more property data set(s) specifying the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use of the used output product or the component thereof by a maintenance and / or cleaning and / or refurbishing process.

9. The method of any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the property data includes one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling of the used output product or the component thereof per recycling process, recyclate use and / or per decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node accessing the property data and / or wherein the property data includes one or more data set(s) relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use of the used output product or the component thereof per re-use process and / or per decentral participant identifier associated with the data consuming network node accessing the property data.

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the access element further includes access data associated with relationship data specifying relationship(s) between production input material(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof and the produced output product, used output product or the component thereof.11 . The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the access element relates to authorization rules that provide access to the property data depending on a recycling process, recyclate use and / or decentral participant identifier, wherein the access element is provided for access to property data that include the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for recycling depending on the recycling process, recyclate use and / or decentral participant identifier by one or more data consuming network node(s) associated with one or more recycler(s) executing one or more recycling process(es).

12. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the access element relates to authorization rules that provide access to the property data depending on a re-use process and / or decentral participant identifier, wherein the access element is provided for access to property data that include the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for re-use depending on the re-use process and / or decentral participant identifier by one or more data consuming network node(s) associated with one or more entity(ies) executing one or more re-use process(es).

13. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further including a step of generating a relationship access element based on decentral identifier(s) associated with one or more production input(s) used to produce the output product, the used output product or the component thereof.

14. A method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for producing of an output product from one or more input material(s) by a production and / or for processing of a used output product or a component thereof, the method comprising the steps of:- providing data associated with the input material(s) or the used output product or the component thereof,- providing a rule set including one or more rule(s) configured to transform data associated with input material(s) and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions;- generating query data by transforming at least a part of the provided data based on the provided rule set; - gathering one or more decentral identifier(s) associated with the input material(s), the used output product or the component thereof via a decentral network based on the generated query data,- gathering one or more access element(s) via the decentral network based on the gathered decentral identifier(s), wherein the one or more access element(s) are generated and / or provided according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 13, - requesting via the decentral network access to property data relating to the at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for production of the output product and / or for processing of the used output product or the component thereof based on access data associated with the property data and included in the gathered access element(s).

15. An output product associated with an access element generated and provided according to the method of any one of claim 1 to 13.

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