Biostimulant composition for plant growth and fertilization

Abstract

A composition formulated as a biostimulant for plant growth may include elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5. Potassium iodate may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. Ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. A first stabilizing agent may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10 based on the elemental iodine added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

Description

BIOSTIMULANT COMPOSITION FOR PLANT GROWTH AND FERTILIZATIONRelated Application (s)

[0001] This PCT application is based upon U.S. provisional patent Application No. 63 / 585,981 filed September 28, 2023, the disclosure which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety .Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to biostimulants, and more particularly, to biostimulant compositions that may be used for plant biostimulants and biocatalyzation, growth regulation, an enhancing excipient for organic and inorganic plant fertilizer compounds and formulations and associated methods of making .Background of the Invention

[0003] The agricultural sector is constantly facing the challenges of raising productivity levels in order to feed the growing global population while increasing resource use efficiency, and reducing the environmental impact on ecosystems and human health. A promising and environmental-friendly area of growth has been directed to use of plant biostimulants that enhance flowering, plant growth, fruit set, crop productivity, and nutrient use efficiency. Both of these areas are researched to improve the tolerance against a wide range of abiotic stressors. More than 700 scientific papers have been published in the last 10 years (2009-2019) on plant biostimulants. Some researchers have been able to demonstrate that microbial and non-microbial plant biostimulants are capable of inducing anarray of morpho-anatomical , biochemical, physiological, and molecular plant responses such as boosting crop productivity nutrient use efficiency, and increasing tolerance against abiotic stresses.

[0004] A 2019 United States Department of Agriculture report on plant biostimulants provides two definitions for plant biostimulants. The first definition recites, "A naturally occurring substance, its synthetically derived equivalent or a microbe that is used for the purpose of stimulating natural processes in plants or in the soil in order to, among other things: improve nutrient and / or water use efficiency by plants, help plants tolerate abiotic stress, or improve characteristics of the soil as a medium for plant growth. The characteristics may be physical, chemical, and / or biological. The plant biostimulant may be used either by itself or in combination with other substances or microbes for this purpose."

[0005] The second definition recites: "Substance ( s ) , microorganism ( s ) , or mixtures thereof, that, when applied to seeds, plants, the rhizosphere, soil or other growth media, act to support a plant's natural nutrition processes independently of the biostimulant's nutrient content. The plant biostimulant thereby improves nutrient availability, uptake or use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and consequent growth, development, quality or yield." FIG. 1 shows a pie chart from Fortune Business Insights of the global biostimulant market share by active ingredients in 2021, showing the larger share by seaweed extracts, followed by humic substances, then vitamins and amino acids, followed by microbial additives and amendments and other sources.

[0006] The most common biostimulant substance is ascophyllum nodosum, which is a seaweed extract used to enhance plant growth and their defense. Seaweed and kelp extracts are related toiodine because they contain the presence of naturally occurring iodinated proteins that are well known in seaweed. For example, the fraction of iodine bound to proteins in Sargassum kj ellanianum accounts for 65.5% of the total element content of this organism. With rising populations, climate change and other stressors on plant growth, additional and improved biostimulant compositions are needed to cope with changing dyanmics .

[0007] A composition formulated as a biostimulant for plant growth may comprise elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5.Potassium iodate may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. Ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. A first stabilizing agent may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10 based on the elemental iodine added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

[0008] A second stabilizing agent may be added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution. The first stabilizing agent may comprise salicylic acid and the second stabilizing agent may comprise ascorbic acid. The aqueous solution may have a pH value between about 4 and 6. A surfactant may be in an amount to aid in solubilizing and complexing iodine. The surfactant may comprise one or more of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates; Alcohol ethoxylates / alkoxylates ; Sorbitan ester ethoxylates;Alkylpolyglucosides (APG) ; Polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) ; and Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers.

[0009] The ether nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate may have an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30. The weight ratio of the first stabilizing agent to the combined weight of the elemental iodine, the potassium iodide and potassium iodate may be about 0.1:1 to 0.5:1. About 0.5% to about 1.5% w / w of a soluble seaweed extract may be in the aqueous solution. About 1.5% to about 2.5% w / w of soy protein hydrolysate amino acids may be in the aqueous solution. About 10% to about 20% w / w of combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur may be in the aqueous solution. About 4% to about 7% w / w of combined chelated calcium, magnesium, microorganisms, humic acids, fulvic acids and carboxylic acids may be in the aqueous solution. About 12% to about 16% w / w of combined potassium nitrate, calcium and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids may be in the aqueous solution.

[0010] A method for stimulating plant growth may comprise applying a composition to the plant that is formulated as a biostimulant for the plant growth, the composition comprising elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5, and potassium iodate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. The composition may further include ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide, and a first stabilizing agent in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10 based on the elemental iodine added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

[0011] The method may comprise immersing a seed for 4 to 12 hours within the aqueous solution as the composition before sowing the seed to grow into the plant. The method may comprise foliar spraying the composition onto the plant every 5 to 10 days while the plant grows in a nursery. The method may comprise foliar spraying every 12 to 18 days the composition onto the plant transplanted from the nursery to a field.

[0012] A composition formulated as a biostimulant for plant growth may comprise elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5, ethernonyl polyglycol ethoxylate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide, wherein the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate has an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30, and a stabilizing agent added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

[0013] A method for stimulating plant growth may comprise applying a composition to the plant that is formulated as a biostimulant for the plant growth, the composition comprising elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5, ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide, wherein the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate has an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30, and a stabilizing agent added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014] Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Detailed Description ofthe invention which follows, when considered in light of the accompanying drawings in which:

[0015] FIG. 1 is a pie chart showing the global biostimulants market share by active ingredients for year 2021.

[0016] FIG. 2 is a chart showing an overview of the primary biological processes affected by iodine.

[0017] FIGS. 3A-3C are graphs, images, and charts showing the impact of iodine on plant growth.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a layout of the trial map used in testing the biostimulant compositions according to the invention.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a table of the production results and performance from the different tests of the example biostimulant compositions .Detailed Description

[0020] Different embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown. Many different forms can be set forth and described embodiments should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art.

[0021] In accordance with a non-limiting example, the plant assimilable biostimulant composition is capable of being absorbed by plant tissues possessing the desired effects and catalytic roles of iodine in plant physiology without the risk of causing phytotoxicity to plant tissue or toxicity to the natural environment fauna and beneficial microorganisms. These results may be accomplished in conjunction with other organic and inorganic plant fertilizer compounds. The biostimulant composition provides various biostimulation and fertilizationenhancing benefits for plants and vegetation in agricultural crops. The term "vegetation" is intended to mean any plant, cane, vine, shrub, bush, tree or any vegetation in general.

[0022] Multiple prior art experiments and attempts have been made to find a satisfactory technique for effectively administering iodine to plants for the purpose of food biofortification in humans. Typical exogenous administration has been tried, but many known techniques and treatments have shown phytotoxic effects when iodine has been applied at high concentrations, especially in the I-form, which is more phytotoxic than iodate (I03-) . Some experiments may have found that more effective treatment is with KI (potassium iodide) .

[0023] Iodine may be absorbed by plants from the soil via roots, through the air, or rain. It may also be dissolved and applied from saline solutions and applied from hydroponic systems via soil applications.

[0024] Iodine foliar application of iodine as potassium iodine on leaves of sweet pepper seedlings has been shown to improve nutrient uptake, improve the amount and activity of antioxidants and the vigor of seedlings. Iodine (in the range of 1-10 pM) may increase biomass in vegetables, e.g. , spinach, lettuce, tomato, and strawberry, or staple crops, e.g. , barley and wheat. Experiments on tomatoes demonstrated that treatments with iodine accelerated plant growth causing early flowering associated with an increase in yield. Iodine administration in micromolar concentrations has shown in recent studies a benefit in biomass accumulation and may promote early flowering.

[0025] Iodine is likely involved in several physiological and biochemical processes. The presence of low concentrations of iodine is often associated with beneficial effects on plant growth, production, stress resistance, and other relevant photosynthetic and enzymatic processes. Iodine is able tomodulate gene expression in a specific way activating multiple pathways mostly involved in defense responses. This suggests that iodine may protect against both biotic and abiotic stress, and can be a structural component of several different proteins.

[0026] Iodine may also conserve iodinated proteins that are synthesized in both the roots and shoots of phylogenetically distant species. Analysis of proteomic data revealed that iodinated proteins identified in the shoots of plants are mainly associated with the chloroplast and are functionally involved in photosynthetic processes. The most representative biological processes affected by iodine in the roots were related to the response to stimulus, and the downstream categories associated with response to abiotic and biotic stimulus.

[0027] Reference is made to the article by Kiferle et al. , "Evidences for a Nutritional Role of Iodine in Plants," Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 12, Article 616868, published February 17, 2021, and FIGS. 2 and 4 from that article. FIG. 2 corresponds to FIG. 45 in Kiferle et al. and shows an overview of the main biological processes affected by iodine based upon the GO terms enrichment analysis carried out in root tissues. Only genes regulated in Nal- and Ki-treated plants, and not in KBr-treated plants, when compared with the control, were analyzed. The figure was extracted from Gorilla (http : / / cbl - gorilla . cs . technion , ac . il . In this analysis, DEGs with log2 FC > 2.5 or log2 FC < -2.5 were used. The main molecular functions regulated by iodine in the roots were related to antioxidant and oxidoreductase activity and related child terms, in particular peroxidase activity and oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as an acceptor.

[0028] FIGS. 3A-3C correspond to FIGS. 2A-2C in Kiferle et al. and are graphs, images, and charts that show the impact of iodine on plant growth and development (exp. 2-phenotype) . Aflowering curve is shown in the graph of FIG. 3A, where the percentage of bloomed plants / tray was calculated every 2 days after the opening of the first flower (day 0) . FIG. 3B are images showing a representative control and shows KI-, Nal- or KBr-treated plants (10 and 30 pM) after 15 days from the onset of the treatments. Images were taken after 4 days from the opening of the first flower on the main stem. FIG. 3C shows bar charts of the morphological data on plant FW, DW, and dry matter content that was determined 15 days after the onset of the treatments. The values indicated by different letters significantly differ from each other, in accordance with one-way ANOVA, LSD post hoc test, P < 0.05.

[0029] In particular, the statistical analysis of flowering as shown in FIG. 3A was performed by comparing the percentage of bloomed plants of each tray, which were considered as biological replicates within each sampling point. When data followed a normal distribution and there was homogeneity of variances, they were subjected to one-way ANOVA and values indicated by different letters significantly differ from each other (LSD post hoc test, P < 0.05) . When one of these two prerequisites were violated, a Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Error bars (±SE) are shown in the graphs. These results and previously cited data demonstrate the catalytic and metabolic role of iodine in plant nutrition and biostimulation.

[0030] The developed biostimulant composition, according to the invention, improves the function and effect over previous developments, and in accordance with a non-limiting example, is a plant assimilable biostimulant and biocatalyst that may be used as a plant growth regulator to increase biomass production, enhance photosynthetic processes, increase crop yield, and improve stress and def ens e / immune response in plants. The biostimulant composition may be used as an enhancing excipientfor organic and inorganic plant-nutrient compound to formulate plant fertilizers that include amino acids, free amino acids, N-containing substances, N-fixing bacteria, carboxylic acids, animal and vegetal protein hydrolysates, yeast, peptides, silicon, phosphites, humic and fulvic acids, bone meal, fish meal, kelp meal or seaweed extract, phenolic compounds, chitin and chitosan derivatives, manure, microbial soil amendments and synthetic plant fertilizers, macro and micro plant-nutrient elements. In addition, the biostimulant composition with additives may be used as a treatment against Huanglongbing (HLB or Citrus Greening) "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" or "Candidatus Liberibacter africanus," and used for the prevention of B.E.R. (Blossom end Rot) , a physiological disorder in tomato plants .

[0031] Non-limiting examples of the biostimulant composition are now described. The ranges as described may vary by up to 5% and sometimes 10% in some cases. In a first example, the composition may be formulated as a biostimulant for plant growth and may include elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5. Ethernonyl polyglycol ethoxylate may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3: 1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. The ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate may have an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30.

[0032] In another example, the composition may be formulated as a biostimulant for plant growth and may include elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5. Potassium iodate may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. As in the first example above, ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylatemay be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3: 1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide. A first stabilizing agent as an acid, such as salicylic acid, may be in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10 based on the elemental iodine added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

[0033] A second stabilizing agent such as ascorbic acid may be added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution and aid in imparting to the aqueous solution a pH value between about 4 and 6. The pH values may vary as noted below when describing different stabilizing agents, acids and surfactants. A surfactant may be added in an amount to aid in solubilizing and complexing iodine. For example, one or more of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates, Alcohol ethoxylates / alkoxylates , Sorbitan ester ethoxylates, Alkylpolyglucosides (APG) , Polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) , and Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers may be added as a surfactant. The weight ratio of the first stabilizing agent, such as the salicylic acid to the combined weight of the elemental iodine, the potassium iodide and potassium iodate may be about 0.1:1 to 0.5:1.

[0034] About 0.5% to about 1.5% w / w of a soluble seaweed extract may be added in the aqueous solution. In another example, about 1.5% to about 2.5% w / w of soy protein hydrolysate amino acids may be added in the aqueous solution. About 10% to about 20% w / w of combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur may be added in the aqueous solution. About 4% to about 7% w / w of combined chelated calcium, magnesium, microorganisms, humic acids, fulvic acids and carboxylic acids may be added in the aqueous solution. About 12% to about 16% w / w of combinedpotassium nitrate, calcium and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids may be added in the aqueous solution.

[0035] When applying the composition as a biostimulant, it is possible to immerse a seed for 4 to 12 hours within the aqueous solution as the composition before potting or sowing the seed. Once the seed has sprouted, this can be followed by foliar spraying the composition onto the plant every 5 to 10 days while the plant grows in a nursery. From that point on, the composition may be foliar sprayed on plants transplanted from the nursery to a field every 12 to 18 days. The biostimulant composition has been found to dilute readily for different applications. Tests were performed and described below.

[0036] Three examples of the biostimulant composition were used in the testing, with general description as follows and given the designation 1-369, 1-358, and 1-35813, with the designation "I" indicating the iodine based nature of the biostimulant composition.

[0037] 1-369. The composition includes: (a) elemental iodine; (b) potassium iodide; (c) an ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate having an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30; and (d) an agriculturally accepted liquid carrier or diluent. The weight ratio of elemental iodine and potassium iodide is in the range of about 1:2. The weight ratio of ethernonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and the potassium iodide may be about 3:1 to 20:1. In an example, the diluent is water. The composition may optionally include other organic and / or inorganic water-soluble plant-fertilizer compounds.

[0038] 1-358. The composition includes: (a) elemental iodine; (b) potassium iodide; (c) potassium iodate; (d) an ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate having an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30; and (e) an agriculturallyaccepted liquid carrier or diluent. The weight ratio of elemental iodine and potassium iodide is in the range of about 1:2. The weight ratio of potassium iodate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and the potassium iodide is about 2:1. The weight ratio of ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine, the potassium iodide and the potassium iodate is about 3:1 to 20:1. The diluent may be water. The composition may include optionally other organic and / or inorganic water-soluble plant- fertili zer compounds .

[0039] 1-35813. The composition includes: (a) elemental iodine; (b) potassium iodide; (c) potassium iodate; (d) salicylic acid; (e) an ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate having an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30; and (f) an agriculturally accepted liquid carrier or diluent. The weight ratio of elemental iodine and potassium iodide is in the range of about 1:2. The weight ratio of potassium iodate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and the potassium iodide is about 2:1. The weight ratio of salicylic acid to the combined weight of the elemental iodine, the potassium iodide and the potassium iodate is about 0.1:1 to 0.5:1. The weight ratio of ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and the potassium iodide is about 3:1 to 20:1. The diluent may water. The composition may optionally include other organic and / or inorganic water-soluble plant-fertilizer compounds.

[0040] Al so tested were amino acids and algae used together in combination as a reference and an untreated control was tested as a reference. Those tests were used to establish the improvement on the yield and quality. This biostimulant efficiency study was performed to ascertain the impact of the biostimulant compositions 1-358, 1-369 and 1-35813 alone and incombination with algae and amino acids to tomato growth and yield .

[0041] OBJECTIVE: NEVAL GRUPO FARMALENT S.L C / Alfonso XIII, 3 12592, Chilches, Castellon, Spain performed the research study to test the efficiency of the three biostimulant compositions (1-369; 1-358; and 1-35813) , alone and in combination with algae and amino acids to determine impact on the biomass and production of tomato, in Spain, in 2023. This study was performed in accordance with the protocol agreed upon with EPPO guidelines 152, 181 and 135, 225, 226 Good Experimental Practices and Following the internal Standard Operative Procedures .

[0042] EXPERIMENT: A randomized complete block design was used with three (3) replications per treatment (FIG. 4) . Untreated plots were included. The schedule of applications followed the protocol being in seed imbibition, and then each 8 days in nursery, after transplanting each 15 days by foliar application. Plots were first in pots and then transplanted to the soil.

[0043] The soil type was measured as clay: 29% sand, 21% silt, and 50% clay. The trial on tomato, variety optima, was performed in Xilxes, Castellon, Spain in 2023. The trial was conducted under EPPO PP 1 / 135 (4) , PP 1 / 152 (4) , PP 1 / 181 (4) , PP 1 / 296 (1) . CEN / TS 17700-1:2022, CEN / TS 17700-4:2022. The crop development was normal and protocol was followed without any deviation. There were no problems when handling the products. The maintenance was similar throughout the Nursery Field.

[0044] The Nursery Field included pots with 12 centimeter one (1) plant / pot with Field Plots having a width of 1.2 meters and length of 1.32 meters, including three replicates. The Irrigation was 10 minutes per day with a drip system 2 L / H. The soil was clay with a fine texture group and Turf Thatch Rating -OFC, and Tillage Type CONVTIL. Soil drainage was poor and the previous crop was ALLSS. The CED units were 217.0 meq / 100 grams with 29% sand, 21% silt and 50% clay, and pH of 7.9 with 2.2% organic matter and a 2% slope. Maintenance included Bacillus thuringiensis each 14 days. Weather was normal during the testing period. The treatment list is shown in the table below.Treatment ListAPPLICATION SCHEDULE: The schedule carried out during the trial was :

[0045] The tested products as the three biostimulant compositions were compared with a combination of amino acids (TerraSorb) and Algae (Phylgreen) .

[0046] The TERRASORB composition included free amino acids (*) 9.3% (w / w) ; Total Nitrogen (N) 2.1% (w / w) ; Organic Nitrogen (N) 2.1% (w / w) ; Boron (B) 0.02% (w / w) ; Manganese (Mn) 0.05% (w / w) ; Zinc (Zn) 0.07% (w / w) ; and Organic Matter 14.8% (w / w) .(*) The formulation contains each and every one of the biologically active free amino acids: ASP, SER, GLU, GLY, HIS, ARG, THR, ALA, PRO, CIS, TYR, VAL, MET, LYS, ILE, LEU, PHE, TRP .

[0047] The PHYLGREEN composition may include 1.2% p / p (1.3% p / v) mannitol, 2% p / p (2.2% p / v) alginic acid, 100% p / p (110% p / v) seaweed extract Ascophyllum nodosum, dry matter (from seaweed extract) : 15% w / w (16.5% w / v) . The three biostimulant compositions (1-369, 1-358, and 1-35813) may be prepared usingdifferent techniques. A non-limiting example of the preparation of the three biostimulant compositions is explained below.

[0048] 1-369: Step 1: Preparing the Iodine Solution.Dissolve elemental iodine (I2) and potassium iodide (KI) in water at a weight ratio of elemental iodine to potassium iodide of 1:1.2 to 1:5. Maintain the temperature at no more than about 25°C. Stir the mixture for 5-15 minutes, preferably achieving a pH value between 4 and 6. Dilute the resulting mixture with 1 to 4 parts water or another agriculturally acceptable diluent.

[0049] Step 2: Preparing the Ether-Nonyl Polyglycol Ethoxylate Solution. Dissolve ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate (with preferred ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30) in water. Use a ratio of not more than 1.25 parts (w / w) ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to 1 part (w / w) water.Maintain the temperature between 60°C and 70°C under agitation. Achieve a concentration of preferably 55% by weight of ether- nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate. Allow the solution to cool to a temperature of 20°C to 25°C.

[0050] Step 3: Mixing the Solutions. Mix the resulting solutions from steps 1 and 2 under agitation. Ensure a weight ratio of the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide of 3:1 to 20:1, preferably 6:1.

[0051] 1-358: Step 1: Preparing the Iodine Solution.Dissolve elemental iodine (I2) and potassium iodide (KI) in water at a weight ratio of elemental iodine to potassium iodide of 1:1.2 to 1:5. Add potassium iodate (KIO3) at a weight ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the mixture. Maintain the temperature at no more than about 25 °C. Stir the mixture for 5-15 minutes, preferably achieving a pH value between 4 and 6. Dilute the resulting mixture with 1 to 4 parts water or another agriculturally acceptable diluent.

[0052] Step 2: Preparing the Ether-Nonyl Polyglycol Ethoxylate Solution Dissolve ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate (with an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30) in water. Use a ratio of not more than 1.25 parts (w / w) ether- nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to 1 part (w / w) water. Maintain the temperature between 60°C and 70°C under agitation. Achieve a concentration of preferably 55% by weight of ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate. Allow the solution to cool to a temperature of 20°C to 25°C.

[0053] Step 3: Mixing the Solutions. Mix the resulting solutions from steps 1 and 2 under agitation. Ensure a weight ratio of the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide of 3:1 to 20:1, preferably 6:1.

[0054] 1-35813: Step 1: Preparing the Iodine Solution.Dissolve elemental iodine (I2) and potassium iodide (KI) in water at a weight ratio of elemental iodine to potassium iodide of 1:1.2 to 1:5. Add potassium iodate (KIO3) at a weight ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the mixture. Maintain the temperature at no more than about 25 °C. Stir the mixture for 5-15 minutes. Add ascorbic acid (CeHgOe) to the mixture in a ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10, preferably achieving a pH value between 4 and 6. Dilute the resulting mixture with 1 to 4 parts water or another agriculturally acceptable diluent.

[0055] Explanation: The reaction between potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KI03) in the presence of water produces iodine (I2) through the following reaction: 2KI+KIO3+3H2O 3I2+3KOH2KI + KI03+ 3H2O 3I2+ 3KOH2KI+KIO3 +3H2O^3I2+3KOH . The reaction between potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KI03) in the presence of water produces iodine (I2) through the following reaction: 2KI+KIO3 + 3H2O 3I2 + 3KOH2KI+ KIO3+ 3H2O 3I2+ 3KOH2KI+KIO3+3H2O^3I2+3KOH . Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) is added as a reducing agent to ensure the stability of the iodine solution and to help maintain the desired pH level, which enhances the solubility and availability of molecular iodine .

[0056] Step 2: Preparing the Ether-Nonyl Polyglycol Ethoxylate Solution. Dissolve ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate (with an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30) in water. Use a ratio of not more than 1.25 parts (w / w) ether- nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to 1 part (w / w) water. Maintain the temperature between 60°C and 70°C under agitation. Achieve a concentration of preferably 55% by weight of ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate. Add salicylic acid (C7H6O3) to the solution in a ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10 based on the elemental iodine. Allow the solution to cool to a temperature of 20°C to 25°C.

[0057] Explanation: Ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate may serve as a surfactant and may help emulsify the iodine and enhance its stability and effectiveness. The acid as the example Salicylic acid (C7H6O3) increases molecular iodine uptake and may also have biostimulant properties.

[0058] Step 3: Mixing the Solutions. Mix the resulting solutions from steps 1 and 2 under agitation. Ensure a weight ratio of the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide of 3:1 to 20:1, preferably 6:1.

[0059] Explanation: Mixing these solutions may ensure the formation of a stable and effective iodine formulation. The presence of the surfactants (ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate) and the stabilizing agents (ascorbic acid / organic acids asbuffers or buffering acids) may help to maintain the availability of molecular iodine (I2) in the solution.

[0060] Additional Information on Surfactants: There are a variety of surfactants that can be used to solubilize and complex iodine, including: Nonylphenol ethoxylates; Alcohol ethoxylates / alkoxylates ; Sorbitan ester ethoxylates; Alkylpolyglucosides (APG) ; Polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers. When choosing a complexing surfactant, areas of consideration are: selecting a surfactant that provides effective iodine stability; and ensuring the surfactant is compatible with the intended agricultural or industrial application.

[0061] Benefits: Stability: The combination of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, and stabilizing agents, such as ascorbic acid and other organic acids, ensure the stable formation and maintenance of molecular iodine (I2) .

[0062] Effectiveness: The use of surfactants and salicylic acid stabilizers enhances the solubility and bioavailability of iodine, making it more effective for agricultural applications.

[0063] Biostimulant Properties: The resulting composition as a solution has been found to act as a plant biostimulant and biocatalyst, promoting plant growth and acting as a fertilizing compound. Field research has shown that this biostimulant composition, with its added components, functions effectively as a plant biostimulant and biocatalyst, aiding in the growth and health of plants. The formulation's effectiveness can vary slightly with changes in component ratios, but it remains a robust solution for agricultural use.

[0064] Different Organic / lnorganic Acids May be Used. The term "buffer" or "buffering acid" may be used to describe any compatible inorganic or organic acid which is capable ofmaintaining a pH of compositions within the range of about 1.0 to about 6.5, about 1.5 to about 6.5, about 2.0 to about 5.5, about 2.0 to about 5.0, about 1.0 to about 3.5 to 4.0 in an example with a range of about 2.0 to about 4.0 preferred in some applications. The pH of the composition may vary based upon the end use regimen. It is possible to generate molecular iodine more quickly after admixing the actives using a pH range of pH 2 to pH 4, with a preferred pH range of pH 2 to pH 3.

[0065] If the composition will be activated but not used immediately, but rather used after a delay, then a preferred pH range may be up to 6.5. Different acids may be used, which include mono or polyacids that provide a buffering effect to maintain the pH of the biostimulant composition. Acidic entities such as phosphate acids may be used, including polyphosphate acids, e.g. , phosphoric acid and its related salts sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium mono-hydrogen phosphate, polyphosphoric acid (Hn+2PnO3n+l ) , organic acids having from two (2) to 20 or more carbon atoms, including acids according to the chemical structure R— CO2H, where R is an optionally substituted (often with one or more hydroxyl groups) C1-C20 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or other carbon containing group optionally having more than one double bond, preferably C1-C10 or organic acids or organic acids containing more than one carboxylic acid moiety (polycarboxlic acids) such as citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, maleic acid and various sulphonic acids according to the chemical structure R1-SO3H, where R1 is a C1-C20 alkyl or aryl group which may be optionally substituted .

[0066] Organic acids may include, for example, citric, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric, acetic, formic, oxalic acid, propanoic, propandioic, butanoic, butanedioic, pentanoic (valeric) , pentandioic, hexanoic, hexandioic andbenzoic, among others. Other acids which also may be used, for example, acids of bisulfate (sodium, potassium bisulfate) , sulfamic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, among others. The use of citric acid, phosphoric acid or other polyacids may accommodate a number of hydrogen ions in a single chemical entity, which may assist in maintaining the pH of compositions within a relatively narrow buffered range, thus maintaining activity and stability. Citric acid may refer to the free acid or monobasic (e.g. , sodium salt) form of 2- hydroxypropane- 1 , 2 , 3-tricarboxylic acid acid (CAS Registry Number: 77-92-9) . It is possible that the composition may incorporate the di- and tribasic forms of citric acid provided there is an effective amount of the free acid so that the pH of the composition lies within a range from about 1.5 to about 6.5, about 2.0 to 5.5, or about 2.0 to about 5.0.

[0067] YIELD RESULTS: In the table of FIG. 5, the production results for various treatments are presented, and the analysis indicates the performance of each treatment compared to the control. The selectivity was assessed following EPPO guideline PP 1 / 135 (4) . No symptoms of Phytotoxicity were shown in comparison with the untreated control.

[0068] The statistical analysis of raw data was made according to EPPO guideline number PP 1 / 152 (4) . Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Bartlett test (homogeneity of the treatment variances) were performed on each assessment including / excluding the untreated to identify differences between treatments. Data failing to satisfy Bartlett' s criteria for proof of homogeneity was subjected to a transformation (normally Arcsine sq. root, Log or Square root) when this improved the value. For means comparison, the LSD mean comparison test was used (P=0.15) . The references in the text to statistical differences between treatments corresponded toTukey' s Test output (mean comparison letters) on the raw data, or on the transformed values in case data needed transformation to satisfy homogeneity of variance. The statistical procedures were applied using ARM 2023.0 software.

[0069] Treatment Test Results and Performance:

[0070] 1-35813 plus the amino acids (Aa) and algae: This treatment achieved the highest production, with an increase of 160.1% compared to the control. It consistently outperformed other treatments in each rating date. Notably, Aa + algae, recognized in the European market for biostimulation, demonstrated compatibility, and the presence of 1-35813 further enhanced their expression.

[0071] 1-35813: This treatment, when applied alone, showed a150.8% increase in production compared to the control. The compatibility and synergy observed when combined with the Aa and algae highlight the positive influence of 1-35813.

[0072] 1-358: This treatment resulted in a 114.3% increase in production. The iodinated nature of the composition, especially 1-35813 composition, emphasizes the significant biostimulating effects.

[0073] 1-358 and the amino acids (Aa) and algae: The combination of 1-358 and the amino acids and algae yielded a 118.5% increase. The compatibility and enhancement observed in this treatment support the effectiveness of the iodinated biostimulant composition in conjunction with the organic components .

[0074] 1-369: This treatment resulted in a 113.0% increase in production compared to the 100% control.

[0075] 1-369 and the amino acids (Aa) and algae: The combination of 1-369 and the amino acids and algae led to a 117.3% increase compared to the 100% control.

[0076] Control: The control group had a production level of100% .

[0077] Statistical Analysis: The LSD (Least Significant Difference) values indicate the minimum difference needed to consider two means significantly different. All treatments show significant differences compared to the control. Standard Deviation (SD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) provide insights into data variability, with higher CV indicating greater variability. Levene's Prob(F) assesses homogeneity of variances, and the values suggest reasonable homogeneity.Shapiro-Wilk and Skewness tests assess normality and skewness of data, indicating that the assumptions for ANOVA are reasonably met. Kurtosis and Replicate F values also contribute to the assessment of data distribution and homogeneity.

[0078] Conclusion: The trial on tomato, Variety Optima, was performed in Xilxes, Castellon, Spain. A randomized complete block design was used with 3 replications per treatment. Untreated plots were included. The schedule of the biostimulant composition applications followed the protocol for seed imbibition. Application occurs then each 8 days while growing plants are in nursery. After transplanting to the field, application occurs each 15 days by foliar application.

[0079] The tested products were compared with their combination of amino acids (TerraSorb) and Algae (Phylgreen) and without the addition of these two products. Also tested were the amino acids and algae as a reference, and an untreated control, in order to know the improvement on the yield and quality, in Spain in 2023.

[0080] There were no phytotoxicity symptoms throughout the trial. The total marketable yield had significant differences. Statistically, the best of all the tested products was the1-35813 composition with 8.32 kg in 10 marked plants as shown in the last column of FIG. 5 in the row marked 1-35813 Aa + algae.

[0081] The combination of the amino acids and algae had the second highest result with 6.64 kg in 10 marked plants. The products 1-358 and 1-369 with and without the combination had no significant differences between them with a yield between 5.87 to 6.16 kg / 10 plants and finally the control untreated with 5.20 kg / 10 plants was the lowest.

[0082] The precocity was observed in the 1-35813 composition with and without its combination with algae and amino acids, showing more yield in the first harvest. Non-commercial or non- marketable products were observed during the study, but due to the attack of insects (thrips, Spodoptera) , there were not observed symptoms of deficiencies during the study.

[0083] According to the SPAD and nitrogen on leaves, there were no significant differences between treatments. According to the length of the stem in centimeters, the product 1-35813 appeared to increase the length of the aerial part. This is not as important because it depends also of the pruning in the crop, but in general they had more biomass. The results from the testing show that all three biostimulant compositions, particularly 1-35813, significantly increased plant production, both individually and in combination with amino acids and algae.

[0084] 1-35813 in combination with the amino acids (Aa) and algae showed the highest efficacy, surpassing other treatments and surpassing the control by a considerable margin. The compatibility and synergy observed with its combination with the amino acids and algae highlight the potential for integrated and enhanced biostimulation strategies in agriculture.

[0085] The statistical analysis supports the observed differences in treatments, reinforcing the reliability of the findings. The iodinated nature of these composition, especially1-35813, underscores the substantial biostimulating effects of the iodine-based biostimulant compositions, presenting a viable option for increasing yields in tomato plants. This suggests the potential application of the innovative biostimulation approach using the biostimulant compositions in optimizing agricultural productivity and contributing to sustainable crop management practices.

[0086] SELECTIVITY RESULTS: Phytotoxicity symptoms were not observed. The development of the plants was normal and spots or other alterations on the leaves or fruits were not observed.

[0087] EFFECTS ON NON-TARGET INDIVIDUALS: Other effects, positive or negative, on the incidence of other pests were not observed .

[0088] It has been found through field research as explained below that the biostimulant composition may include added components that aid function as a plant biostimulant and biocatalyst formulation, for example, plant fertilizing compounds. In these examples, the amounts may vary by as much as 5% to 10% above and below those stated values.EXAMPLE 1Use of Biostimulant Composition as Active Ingredient with Other Components for Plant Biostimulant Formulations

[0089] It is shown that the biostimulant composition is useful as a biostimulant, i.e. , plant growth regulator, to increase biomass production, crop yield and improve stress response and immune response in plants. In this first example, seaweed extract and other components, such as amino acids, may be added to the biostimulant composition, such as 1-35813, to form a biostimulant formulation.

[0090] 1. Dissolve soluble seaweed extract and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in water at a ratio 1:2 under agitation. Let the resulting solution be at room temperature no higher or lower than 20 to 30°C. For the seaweed extract and amino acids, the TerraSorb and Phylgreen examples above may be employed.

[0091] 2. Mix the resulting solution of step (1) and indicated amount of the biostimulant composition (C) under agitation .Table 1: w / w % for Example 1 Plant Biostimulant FormulationEXAMPLE 2Use of Biostimulant Composition with Other Components asExcipient for Plant Fertilizer Formulations

[0092] 1. Dissolve soluble-nutrients and micronutrients in water at a ratio of 1:2 under agitation. Let the resulting solution be at room temperature no higher or lower than 20 to 30°C.

[0093] 2. Mix the resulting solution of step (1) and indicated amount of the biostimulant composition (C) under agitation .Table 2 : w / w % for Example 2Plant Fertilizer FormulationEXAMPLE 3Use of Biostimulant Composition with Other Components as Bactericidal Treatment Against HLB Citrus Greening

[0094] The biostimulant composition can be used with other components as a formulation to combat Huanglongbing (HLB or Citrus Greening) "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" or "Candidatus Liberibacter africanus" in several citrus varieties and can be effective to bring trees back into a standard productive capacity and alleviate the harm caused by the disease .

[0095] 1. Dissolve soluble potassium nitrate, chelated calcium, and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in water at a ratio of about 1:2 under agitation. Let the resulting solution be at room temperature no higher or lower than 20-30°C.

[0096] 2. Mix the resulting solution of step (1) and indicated amount of the biostimulant composition (C) under agitation .Table 3: w / w % for Example 3

[0097] Experimental field test on Valencia Oranges: Approximately 5 acres of citrus trees (Valencia Oranges) infected with Huanglongbing (HLB or Citrus Greening) "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" or "Candidatus Liberibacter africanus" located in Honduras, Central America, were treated with the above 5% (v / v) solution of the bactericidal treatment formulation that included the biostimulant composition, consisting of 11 applications total in a period of eight months. A secondary field of 5 acres of citrus trees infected with HLB were left untreated as a control.

[0098] Behavior:

[0099] a) 15 to 45 days after the beginning of the treatment damaged leaves started to fall off;

[0100] b) 30 to 45 days after the beginning of the treatment signs of new plant tissue emerged;

[0101] c) 30 to 45 days after the beginning of the treatment healthy vegetative shoots were forming;

[0102] d) 45 to 60 days after the beginning of the treatment trees presented a richer, deeper green color with new leaf mass and larger leaf area;

[0103] e) 60 to 90 days after the beginning of the treatment healthy bloom was present with less purging; and

[0104] f) 90 to 240 days after the beginning of the treatment the trees became productive with signs of normalized physiological processes.

[0105] In contrast, the untreated citrus trees remained infected and damaged.

[0106] Experimental field test on Persian Lime: Approximately 5 acres of citrus trees (Persian Lime) infected with Huanglongbing (HLB or Citrus Greening) "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" or "Candidatus Liberibacter africanus" located in Honduras, Central America, were treated with theabove 5% (v / v) solution of the bactericidal treatment formulation that included the base Iodophor composition, consisting of 11 applications total in a period of six months. A secondary field of 5 acres of citrus trees infected with HLB were left untreated as a control.

[0107] Behavior:

[0108] a) 15 to 45 days after the beginning of the treatment damaged leaves started to fall off;

[0109] b) 30 to 45 days after the beginning of the treatment signs of new plant tissue emerged;

[0110] c) 30 to 45 days after the beginning of the treatment healthy vegetative shoots were forming;

[0111] d) 45 to 60 days after the beginning of the treatment trees presented a richer, deeper green color with new leaf mass and larger leaf area;

[0112] e) 60 to 90 days after the beginning of the treatment healthy bloom was present with less purging; and

[0113] f) 90 to 180 days after the beginning of the treatment the trees became productive with signs of normalized physiological processes.

[0114] In contrast, the untreated citrus trees remained infected and damaged.EXAMPLE 4Use of Biostimulant Composition with Other Components as SoilAmendment Fertilizer Formulation

[0115] The biostimulant composition may be mixed with other components and used as a soil amendment for irrigation systems on fields, greenhouses or plantations.

[0116] 1. Dissolve chelated calcium, magnesium, microorganisms, humic acids, fulvic acids, and carboxylic acids in water at a ratio of 1:2 under agitation. Let the resulting solution be at room temperature no higher or lower than 20 to 30°C.

[0117] 2. Mix the resulting solution of step (1) and indicated amount of the biostimulant composition (C) under agitation .Table 4 : w / w% for Example 4Soil Fertilizer Formulation

[0118] Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is understood that the invention is not to be limited to thespecific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A composition formulated as a biostimulant for plant growth, comprising: elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5; potassium iodate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide; ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide; and a first stabilizing agent in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10 based on the elemental iodine added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

2. The composition of claim 1, comprising a second stabilizing agent added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the first stabilizing agent comprises salicylic acid and the second stabilizing agent comprises ascorbic acid.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH value between about 4 and 6.

5. The composition of claim 1, comprising a surfactant in an amount to aid in solubilizing and complexing iodine .

6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the surfactant comprises one or more of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates; Alcohol ethoxylates / alkoxylates ; Sorbitan ester ethoxylates; Alkylpolyglucosides (APG) ; Polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) ; and Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate has an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first stabilizing agent to the combined weight of the elemental iodine, the potassium iodide and potassium iodate is about 0.1:1 to 0.5:1.

9. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 0.5% to about 1.5% w / w of a soluble seaweed extract in the aqueous solution.

10. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 1.5% to about 2.5% w / w of soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution.

11. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 10% to about 20% w / w of combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the aqueous solution.

12. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 4% to about 7% w / w of combined chelated calcium, magnesium, microorganisms, humic acids, fulvic acids and carboxylic acids in the aqueous solution.

13. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 12% to about 16% w / w of combined potassium nitrate, calcium and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution .

14. A method for stimulating plant growth, comprising : applying a composition to the plant that is formulated as a biostimulant for the plant growth, the composition comprising : elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5; potassium iodate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide; ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide; and a first stabilizing agent in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:10 based on the elemental iodine added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution.

15. The method of claim 14, comprising immersing a seed for 4 to 12 hours within the aqueous solution as the composition before sowing the seed to grow into the plant.

16. The method of claim 14, comprising foliar spraying the composition onto the plant every 5 to 10 days while the plant grows in a nursery.

17. The method of claim 14, comprising foliar spraying every 12 to 18 days the composition onto the plant transplanted from the nursery to a field.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises a second stabilizing agent added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution .

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first stabilizing agent comprises salicylic acid and the second stabilizing agent comprises ascorbic acid.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises an aqueous solution having a pH value between about 4 and 6.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises a surfactant in an amount to aid in solubilizing and complexing iodine.

22. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises a surfactant as one or more of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates; Alcohol ethoxylates / alkoxylates ; Sorbitan ester ethoxylates; Alkylpolyglucosides (APG) ; Polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) ; and Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers.

23. The method of claim 14, wherein the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate has an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30.

24. The method of claim 14, wherein the weight ratio of the salicylic acid to the combined weight of the elemental iodine, the potassium iodide and potassium iodate is about 0.1:1 to 0.5:1.

25. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises about 0.5% to about 1.5% w / w of a soluble seaweed extract in the aqueous solution.

26. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises about 1.5% to about 2.5% w / w of soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution.

27. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises about 10% to about 20% w / w of combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the aqueous solution.

28. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises about 4% to about 7% w / w of combined chelated calcium, magnesium, microorganisms, humic acids, fulvic acids and carboxylic acids in the aqueous solution.

29. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises about 12% to about 16% w / w of combined potassium nitrate, calcium and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution.

30. A composition formulated as a biostimulant for plant growth, comprising: elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5;ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide, wherein the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate has an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30; and a stabilizing agent added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution .

31. The composition of claim 30, comprising about0.5% to about 1.5% w / w of a soluble seaweed extract in the aqueous solution.

32. The composition of claim 30, comprising about1.5% to about 2.5% w / w of soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution.

33. The composition of claim 30, comprising about 10% to about 20% w / w of combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the aqueous solution.

34. The composition of claim 30, comprising about 4% to about 7% w / w of combined chelated calcium, magnesium, microorganisms, humic acids, fulvic acids and carboxylic acids in the aqueous solution.

35. The composition of claim 30, comprising about 12% to about 16% w / w of combined potassium nitrate, calcium and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution.

36. The composition of claim 30, comprising potassium iodate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide in the aqueous solution.

37. The composition of claim 30, wherein the stabilizing agent comprises one or more of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and a surfactant.

38. A method for stimulating plant growth, comprising : applying a composition to the plant that is formulated as a biostimulant for the plant growth, the composition comprising : elemental iodine and potassium iodide in an aqueous solution at a weight ratio about 1:1.2 to 1:5; ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 20:1 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide, wherein the ether-nonyl polyglycol ethoxylate has an ethylene oxide mole number greater than 4 and up to 30; and a stabilizing agent added in an amount to enhance solubility and bioavailability of iodine in the aqueous solution .

39. The method of claim 38, comprising immersing a seed for 4 to 12 hours within the aqueous solution as the composition before sowing the seed to grow into the plant.

40. The method of claim 38, comprising foliar spraying the composition onto the plant every 5 to 10 days while the plant grows in a nursery.

41. The method of claim 38, comprising foliar spraying every 12 to 18 days the composition onto the plant transplanted from the nursery to a field.

42. The method of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises about 0.5% to about 1.5% w / w of a soluble seaweed extract in the aqueous solution.

43. The method of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises about 1.5% to about 2.5% w / w of soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution.

44. The method of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises about 10% to about 20% w / w of combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in the aqueous solution.

45. The method of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises about 4% to about 7% w / w of combined chelated calcium, magnesium, microorganisms, humic acids, fulvic acids and carboxylic acids in the aqueous solution.

46. The method of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises about 12% to about 16% w / w of combined potassium nitrate, calcium and soy protein hydrolysate amino acids in the aqueous solution.

47. The method of claim 38, wherein the composition comprises potassium iodate in the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:5 to the combined weight of the elemental iodine and potassium iodide in the aqueous solution.

Images