Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal comprises a reception unit that receives information relating to a configuration of a bandwidth part (BWP) for sensing, and a control unit that controls measurement of a channel or a signal for the sensing on the basis of the measurement configuration. According to the aspect of the present disclosure, appropriate sensing and communication can be executed.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), it is being considered to introduce sensing (e.g., Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC)) in terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) and base stations.

[0006] However, the ISAC operation in the UE / base station has not been sufficiently studied, which may result in inappropriate sensing / communication and reduced communication throughput.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that are capable of performing appropriate sensing and communication.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives information regarding a setting of a bandwidth portion (BWP) for sensing, and a control unit that controls measurement of a channel or signal for sensing based on the measurement setting.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, appropriate sensing and communication can be performed.

[0010] 1A and 1B illustrate an example of a monostatic sensing scenario at a BS or a UE. FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between BSs or UEs. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between a BS and a UE. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating switching between OFDM and chirp based on a unified framework between communication and sensing. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a correspondence (locational relationship) between a sensing RS and a DL BWP according to a second embodiment. FIGS. 6A to 6D illustrate an example of a correspondence (locational relationship) between a sensing RS and a DL BWP according to a second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram (Venn diagram) illustrating a correspondence (inclusion relationship) between multiple parameters (DL BWP, SCS, CP) for sensing channels / signals / resources. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of measurement without requiring a measurement gap / measurement window according to a third embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of measurements requiring a measurement gap / measurement window according to the third embodiment. FIGS. 10A to 10D are diagrams showing an example of association of parameters between a sensing BWP and a communication BWP according to the fifth embodiment. FIGS. 11A to 11D are diagrams showing an example of association of parameters between a sensing BWP and a communication BWP according to the fifth embodiment. FIGS. 12A to 12D are diagrams showing an example of association of parameters between a sensing BWP and a communication BWP according to the fifth embodiment. FIGS. 13A to 13D are diagrams showing an example of association of parameters between a sensing BWP and a communication BWP according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Wireless sensing technology) Sensing technologies that use radio waves (wireless sensing technology, object detection, etc.) are being studied. Wireless sensing technology is thought to have the following advantages over other sensing technologies: - Sensing that uses moving images or infrared rays is only applicable to specific directions, whereas wireless sensing technology is not limited to a specific direction and can make use of characteristics such as diffraction. - Wireless sensing technology can be implemented at a low cost compared to moving image capture functions.

[0012] With wireless sensing technology, sensing results can be collected at a base station (BS), and the collected information can be used to generate advanced cyberspace, or to provide feedback to the real world.

[0013] Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) The motivation for ISAC is to achieve high sensing performance and new / extended services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and possible requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address different target industries / applications are considered, and some use cases may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, camera).

[0014] For example, use case 1 is sensing for tourist destination traffic management. For example, use case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0015] ISAC considers sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered. Furthermore, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC are considered, including higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing.

[0016] In ISAC, the challenges are unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmit signals, receive signals) and sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmit signals, reflected signals) through beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI / DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmit signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals).

[0017] Three types of radar and communication systems have been considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). In the following, we focus on ISAC systems, in which hardware and bandwidth are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0018] Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

[0019] Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications, which may be co-located or located at separate locations.

[0020] A joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0021] The integrated system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0022] Parameters relating to range, velocity, angle, localization, recognition, and the like can be defined as parameters relating to sensing (sensing parameters).

[0023] In the ISAC system, sensing can be achieved by the following three methods: [Sensing Method 1] Monostatic sensing using the idea of ​​monostatic radar; [Sensing Method 2] Bistatic / multistatic sensing using bistatic / multistatic radar; [Sensing Method 3] UE-assisted sensing using the idea of ​​NR positioning.

[0024] Sensing method 1 requires one BS or UE and performs sensing using echo signals. In sensing method 1, there is no BS-to-BS, UE-to-UE, or BS-to-UE cooperation. In sensing method 1, full duplex is required, and a low SNR of the echo signal is required. A use case of sensing method 1 is, for example, imaging using terahertz.

[0025] Sensing method 2 requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs, and performs sensing by reflected signals. Half duplex is sufficient for sensing method 2. Sensing method 2 requires close synchronization and coordination between BSs or UEs, and requires scheduling coordination among multiple BSs. A use case for sensing method 2 is, for example, positioning.

[0026] Sensing method 3 requires a BS and a UE, and sensing is performed by communication (UL / DL) signals. In sensing method 3, the existing 5G NR framework operates. In sensing method 3, a UE is required, and both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. An example of a use case for sensing method 3 is breath monitoring.

[0027] In the ISAC system, multiple sensing methods each have suitable scenarios, requirements on BS / UE capabilities, and sensing accuracy / performance. Sensing method 1 is suitable for BS / UE with full duplex, or sensing targets close to the BS or UE. Sensing method 2 is suitable for BS / UE without full duplex, or sensing targets far from the BS or UE. Sensing method 3 is suitable for BS / UE with high capabilities.

[0028] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Method 1 include sensing targets close to the sensing BS or UE, high or medium SNR of the echo signal, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. The capability requirements for Sensing Method 1 include full duplex (a high requirement) at the BS or UE. The sensing performance of Sensing Method 1 includes high accuracy due to no quantization, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.

[0029] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Method 2 include very tight synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. The capability requirements for Sensing Method 2 include half-duplex (low requirement) and synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs (high requirement). The sensing performance of Sensing Method 2 includes high accuracy without quantization, accuracy related to synchronization error, and medium latency.

[0030] A scenario suitable for Sensing Method 3 involves UEs communicating around the sensing target. The performance requirements for Sensing Method 3 are UEs with high computational resources (high requirements). The sensing performance of Sensing Method 3 includes medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to deployed resources and UE location, and high latency.

[0031] (Sensing Scenarios) In the embodiments described below, the following scenarios and assumptions may be mainly used. The applicable scenario may be sensing based on echo / reflection signals according to at least one of the following scenarios: - In ISAC scenarios, communication and sensing functions are required. - For low complexity and backward compatibility, TDD may be assumed in BS and UE instead of full duplex.

[0032] 1A is an example of monostatic sensing on the gNB side. In this scenario, the gNB side may transmit a channel / signal and sense an echo. The sensing channel / signal may be transmitted during DL time resources, and the echo channel / signal may be received during UL time resources.

[0033] 1B is an example of UE-side monostatic sensing. In this scenario, channel / signal transmission and echo sensing may occur on the same UE side. The sensing channel / signal may be transmitted during UL time resources, and the echo channel / signal may be received during DL time resources.

[0034] 2A shows an example of bistatic sensing between multiple gNBs. In this scenario, a channel / signal may be transmitted at one base station (gNB1) and reflected at another base station (gNB2). The sensing channel / signal may be transmitted during DL time resources, and the reflected channel / signal may be received during UL time resources.

[0035] 2B is an example of bistatic sensing between multiple UEs. In this scenario, one terminal (UE1) may transmit a channel / signal, and another terminal (UE2) may sense a reflection. The sensing channel / signal may be transmitted during UL time resources, and the reflection channel / signal may be received during DL time resources.

[0036] 3A is an example of bistatic sensing between a gNB and a UE. In this scenario, a channel / signal may be transmitted at the gNB side, and reflected sensing may be performed at the UE side. The sensing channel / signal may be transmitted during DL time resources, and the reflected channel / signal may be received during DL time resources. That is, DL time resources may be used for sensing.

[0037] 3B is an example of bistatic sensing between a UE and a gNB. In this scenario, a channel / signal may be transmitted on the UE side, and a reflected channel / signal may be sensed on the gNB side. The sensing channel / signal may be transmitted during an UL time resource, and the reflected channel / signal may be received during the UL time resource. That is, the UL time resource may be used for sensing.

[0038] In the present disclosure, echo and reflection may be interpreted interchangeably. As described above, the reflection of a sensing channel / signal in monostatic sensing may refer to an echo. That is, when the entity transmitting the channel / signal and the entity receiving the reflected channel / signal are the same, echo may be used. On the other hand, when the entity transmitting the channel / signal and the entity receiving the reflected channel / signal are different, that is, in the case of bistatic sensing, reflection may simply be used.

[0039] The echo / reflection channel / signal may be an echo / reflection channel / signal for a communication channel / signal or an echo / reflection channel / signal for a radar (sensing) channel / signal.

[0040] (Unified Framework Between Communication and Sensing) This section describes an overview of flexible switching between OFDM and Chirp based on a unified framework between communication and sensing. UE / base station generates communication waveform (OFDM) and sensing waveform (chirp) respectively based on the structure of the communication transmitter to realize ISAC ultra-long-distance sensing.

[0041] Figure 4 shows an overview of OFDM and chirp switching based on a unified framework. A resource containing communication symbols and sensing symbols is divided into communication symbols and sensing symbols. The UE then changes the modulation mode and pattern of the sensing symbols to generate a set of orthogonal chirp waveforms. This enables remote sensing and communication (Feature 1).

[0042] The UE / base station performs spectrum shaping on the sensing symbols and then performs resource mapping. In spectrum shaping, a frequency domain shaping operation is performed, dynamically generating different types of chirp waveforms (linear / triangular / trapezoidal) depending on the sensing accuracy and algorithm complexity (Feature 2). Note that the mth element of spectrum shaping is the given chirp waveform e jφ(t) are the Fourier coefficients of

[0043] Then, the TDM switch switches between communication symbols and sensing symbols, and the output signal undergoes an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), parallel / serial (P / S) conversion, and cyclic prefix (CP) assignment.

[0044] (Division / allocation / multiplexing of sensing resources and communication resources)

[0045] The UE / base station may determine the resources for sensing / ISAC and the resources for communication.

[0046] The UE may receive sensing / ISAC channels / signals in sensing / ISAC resources, and transmit and receive communication DL / UL channels / signals in communication resources.

[0047] The UE may receive sensing / ISAC channels / signals in sensing / ISAC resources, and transmit and receive communication DL / UL channels / signals in communication resources.

[0048] The entire bandwidth of the allocated sensing time resources (e.g., symbols / slots / subslots, which may be referred to as sensing symbols / slots / subslots in this disclosure) may be used for the sensing / ISAC channel / ISAC signal (which may be referred to as TDMed sensing (ISAC) / communication resource allocation).

[0049] The entire time resource of the allocated frequency resources for sensing (e.g., subcarriers / resource blocks (RBs) / RB groups (RBGs) / RB sets / subbands / BWPs, which may be referred to as sensing subcarriers / RBs / RBGs / RB sets / subbands / BWPs in this disclosure) may be used for the sensing / ISAC channel / ISAC signal (which may be referred to as FDMed sensing (ISAC) / communication resource allocation).

[0050] A TDMed sensing (ISAC) / communication resource allocation and an FDMed sensing (ISAC) / communication resource allocation may be used / applied in combination, and such a resource allocation may be referred to as a TDM-FDMed (or T-FDMed) sensing (ISAC) / communication resource allocation.

[0051] Sensing may be performed on a portion of the allocated frequency resources (e.g., a particular subcarrier / RB / RBG / RB set / subband / BWP) or on a portion of the allocated resources (e.g., a particular symbol / slot / subslot).

[0052] (Measurements in NR) Measurements in NR include the following measurement types: SSB / CSI-RS measurements for beam management. CSI-RS measurements for CSI reporting. PRS measurements for positioning. RRM measurements for mobility.

[0053] Different properties are designed for each measurement type. For example, the following can be illustrated: CSI-RS resources for beam management and CSI reporting are configured per DL BWP. PRS configuration and SSB / CSI-RS inter-frequency / intra-frequency RRM measurement configuration are configured to be associated with a specific serving cell. CSI-RS measurements for beam management and CSI reporting can only be performed within the active DL BWP. On the other hand, PRS measurements and RRM measurements can be performed both within and outside the active DL BWP. CSI-RS measurements for beam management and CSI reporting do not require measurement gaps / measurement windows, but PRS measurements and RRM measurements may require measurement gaps / measurement windows.

[0054] (Analysis) <Analysis 1> Incidentally, when performing sensing measurements on the UE side, assuming measurement configuration based on the NR framework, it is necessary to clarify the properties / requirements for the sensing measurements.

[0055] Here, the NR framework includes, for example, the above-mentioned bistatic sensing between a gNB and a UE (Figures 3A and 3B), or bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (Figure 2B).

[0056] In addition, the characteristics / requirements for sensing measurement include, for example, whether or not a setting is made for the serving cell / BWP, whether or not measurements are supported inside and outside the DL BWP, and whether or not a measurement gap / measurement window is required.

[0057] For example, measurement gaps are required if measurements outside the BWP are supported. In this case, overlap between the time domain resources for sensing and the time domain resources for communication is not possible. If such overlap is required, the sensing bandwidth (BW) needs to be limited within the DL BWP.

[0058] <Analysis 2> In addition, in the above-mentioned NR framework (e.g., bistatic sensing between a gNB and a UE, or bistatic sensing between multiple UEs), it is necessary to clarify the relationship between UL BWP and the transmission of sensing channels / signals.

[0059] <Analysis 3> When considering BWP according to the above analysis, it is necessary to clarify whether to use an existing BWP for communication or to introduce a new BWP for sensing.

[0060] For example, when reusing a BWP for communication, the simple configuration has the advantage of reducing the impact on the communication system specifications. On the other hand, when introducing a BWP for sensing, it is assumed that the bandwidth (BW) of the sensing channel / signal and the communication bandwidth are different. Therefore, the advantage is that there is no need for bandwidth overlap. For example, the sensing bandwidth can be increased to improve sensing accuracy and resolution.

[0061] Thus, if the framework for the sensing measurement settings and measurement operations associated with the introduction of ISAC is not clear, appropriate sensing and communication cannot be performed, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput.

[0062] Therefore, the inventors of the present invention came up with an idea for measurement settings and operations for sensing.

[0063] (Various Replacements, etc.) Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0064] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0065] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0066] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0067] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0068] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0069] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0070] In the present disclosure, the terms drop, abort, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, do not transmit, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0071] In the present disclosure, sensing, ISAC, and non-communication may be read interchangeably.

[0072] In the present disclosure, frequency resource, time-frequency resource, RE, RB, RBG, RB set, subband, BWP, carrier, cell, and band may be read interchangeably.

[0073] The RS in the present disclosure may be, for example, a Channel State Information - Reference Signal (CSI-RS) that a UE receives from a base station, a Synchronization Signal block (SSB), or the like, or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) that a UE transmits to a base station for measurement.

[0074] In the present disclosure, the terms time resource, symbol, slot, subslot, subframe, and radio frame may be interchangeable.

[0075] The application of each embodiment of the present disclosure may be determined for each band / cell / BWP.

[0076] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing channel / signal, sensing channel / signal, channel / signal for sensing, and sensing RS may be read interchangeably.

[0077] In this disclosure, the terms channel and signal may be read interchangeably.

[0078] In this disclosure, echo and reflection may be read interchangeably.

[0079] In the present disclosure, NW, gNB, LMF, and SF may be read interchangeably.

[0080] In the present disclosure, specific scenarios, scenarios, use cases, sensing modes, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and topologies may be read interchangeably.

[0081] In the present disclosure, a BWP for sensing, a BWP intended for sensing, and a sensing BWP for sensing may be read interchangeably.

[0082] In the present disclosure, BWP for communication, BWP for communication, BWP for communication, and communication BWP may be read interchangeably.

[0083] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing channel, sensing signal, and sensing resource may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0084] In the present disclosure, the terms "measurement of sensing channel / signal / resource" and "sensing measurement" may be interchangeable.

[0085] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing channel / signal transmission and sensing transmission may be read interchangeably.

[0086] In the present disclosure, numerology, SCS, and CP type may be read interchangeably.

[0087] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing slot / symbol and sensing measurement gap / measurement window may be read interchangeably.

[0088] In the present disclosure, DL / UL BWP, DL BWP, UL BWP, BWP, and serving cell may be read interchangeably.

[0089] (Wireless Communication Method) The embodiments of the present disclosure can be broadly categorized as follows: First embodiment: Measurement settings for sensing; Second embodiment: Bandwidth (BW) for sensing measurements; Third embodiment: Measurement gap / measurement window for sensing; Fourth embodiment: Sensing channel / signal transmission per BWP; Fifth embodiment: BWP for sensing.

[0090] The first to third embodiments are proposals for a UE to measure sensing channels / signals, and mainly illustrate bistatic sensing between a gNB and a UE (Figure 3A) / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (Figure 2B).

[0091] The fourth embodiment is a proposal for a UE to transmit a sensing channel / signal, and mainly illustrates bistatic sensing between a UE and a gNB (Figure 3B) / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (Figure 2B).

[0092] The fifth embodiment is a proposal for separate sensing BWP, which is applicable to both DL sensing reception (Rx) and UL sensing transmission (Tx).

[0093] These embodiments and the options of each embodiment may be applied alone or in combination.

[0094] As mentioned above, the following description mainly illustrates bistatic sensing, but is not limited to this, and each embodiment of the present disclosure is also applicable to monostatic sensing.

[0095] It is assumed that the measurement configuration in monostatic sensing is different from that in the case of bistatic sensing (e.g., between a gNB and a UE), in which case a common (joint) transmission configuration for the sensing channel / signal may be defined between monostatic sensing and bistatic sensing.

[0096] Furthermore, each embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable not only to bistatic sensing between a gNB and a UE, but also to bistatic sensing between multiple UEs.

[0097] Bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (UE1 and UE2) can be realized without considering sidelinks between the multiple UEs. For example, transmission settings for the sensing channel / signal may be configured on one UE side (UE1 side), and measurement settings for the sensing channel / signal may be configured on the other UE side (UE2 side).

[0098] <First embodiment> The first embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned analysis 1 and relates to measurement settings for sensing. As described above, the first embodiment illustrates the case of bistatic sensing from a gNB to a UE (see, for example, FIG. 3A) / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (see, for example, FIG. 2B). The entity that transmits and receives information (parameters) related to measurement settings for sensing may be the gNB / UE.

[0099] The measurement configuration for sensing for sensing channels / signals / resources may be configured per DL BWP / serving cell. Alternatively, the measurement configuration for sensing for sensing channels / signals / resources may be configured without being associated with any BWP / serving cell. In this case, the measurement configuration may be configured per UE / gNB.

[0100] In the present disclosure, the terms sensing measurement settings for sensing channels / signals / resources, measurement settings for sensing channels / signals / resources, sensing measurement channel / signal / resource settings, sensing measurement channel / signal / resource settings, sensing measurement settings, measurement settings, sensing (for settings of) measurement channels / signals / resources, and sensing settings of measurement channels / signals / resources may be read interchangeably.

[0101] In the present disclosure, sensing channel / signal / resource, sensing channel / signal / resource setting, sensing channel / signal / resource setting parameter, sensing measurement setting, and measurement setting may be read interchangeably.

[0102] The first embodiment can be further classified into Alt-A to Alt-C.

[0103] <<Alt-A>> Sensing measurement settings for sensing channels / signals / resources may be configured per DL BWP.

[0104] Alt-A may be the same / similar to existing beam management or CSI-RS resource configuration for the purpose of CSI feedback (CSF) configured per BWP.

[0105] Furthermore, the parameters of the measurement settings for sensing for the sensing channel / signal / resource may depend on the parameters for the DL BWP, or may be set independently of the parameters for the DL BWP.

[0106] <<Alt-B>> Measurement configurations for sensing channels / signals / resources may be configured for each serving cell.

[0107] Alt-B may be identical / similar to the configuration of an NR measurement object for mobility Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements or the PRS resource configuration associated with a certain serving cell.

[0108] <<Alt-C>> Sensing measurement configuration for sensing channels / signals / resources may be configured without being associated with any BWP / serving cell.

[0109] <<Modification>> Parameters of measurement configurations for sensing on sensing channels / signals / resources may depend on parameters for DL ​​BWP or may be set independently of parameters for DL ​​BWP. Alternatively, parameters of measurement configurations for sensing on sensing channels / signals / resources may depend on parameters for active / initial / first / default BWP of the serving cell or may be set independently of parameters for active / initial / first / default BWP of the serving cell.

[0110] (Example 1) The frequency resources for the measurement configuration of sensing may be restricted within the DL BWP or within the active / initial / first / default BWP of the serving cell.

[0111] (Example 2) The frequency resource for the measurement configuration of sensing may be inside / outside the DL BWP, or inside the active / initial / first / default BWP of the serving cell.

[0112] (Example 3) Numerology / Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) / Cyclic Prefix (CP) type may not be configured for the sensing measurement configuration. In this case, the numerology / SCS / CP type configured for the DL BWP or the active / initial / first / default BWP of the serving cell may be applied.

[0113] (Example 4) The numerology / SCS / CP type may be configured in sensing for sensing measurement channel / signal / resource configuration independent of the DL BWP or the serving cell's active / initial / first / default BWP configuration.

[0114] (Example 5) The numerology / SCS / CP type may be configured in sensing for the sensing measurement channel / signal / resource configuration associated with the DL BWP or the active / initial / first / default BWP configuration of the serving cell. For example, the SCS of the sensing measurement channel / signal / resource configuration may not be larger or smaller than the SCS of the DL BWP or the active / initial / first / default BWP of the serving cell.

[0115] According to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to clarify the measurement settings for sensing with respect to sensing channels / signals / resources (sensing measurement channel / signal / resource settings).

[0116] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned Analysis 1 and relates to the bandwidth in the sensing measurement. As described above, the second embodiment illustrates the case of bistatic sensing from a gNB to a UE (see, for example, FIG. 3A) / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (see, for example, FIG. 2B). The entity that performs the sensing measurement may be a UE / gNB.

[0117] Measurement of sensing channels / signals / resources may or may not be constrained within the DL BWP.

[0118] The second embodiment can be further classified into options 1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the correspondence relationship (positional relationship) between the sensing RS and the DL BWP according to option 1 of the second embodiment. Figs. 6A to 6D are diagrams showing an example of the correspondence relationship (positional relationship) between the sensing RS and the DL BWP according to option 2 of the second embodiment.

[0119] Option 1: The UE may measure sensing channels / signals / resources only within the DL BWP.

[0120] In this case, the frequency resources and bands for the sensing channels / signals / resources may be included within the DL BWP (see FIG. 5).

[0121] Option 1 may be the same / similar to existing beam management or CSI-RS for CSI feedback (CSF) purposes.

[0122] <<Option 2>> The UE may measure sensing channels / signals / resources within the DL BWP or outside the DL BWP.

[0123] In this case, the frequency resources and bands for the sensing channels / signals / resources may be included within the DL BWP (see FIG. 6D) or may include the DL BWP (see FIG. 6A). Alternatively, the frequency resources and bands for the sensing channels / signals / resources may overlap with the DL BWP (see FIGS. 6A, 6C, and 6D) or may not overlap (see FIG. 6B). If overlapping, the frequency resources and bands for the sensing channels / signals / resources may partially overlap with the DL BWP (see FIG. 6C).

[0124] Option 2 may be the same / similar to PRS measurements for positioning purposes or RRM measurements for mobility purposes.

[0125] <<Combination with Other Embodiments>> The first and second embodiments described above can be combined and applied. For example, the following combinations are possible.

[0126] A combination of Alt-A of the first embodiment and option 1 of the second embodiment. A combination of Alt-B of the first embodiment and options 1 / 2 of the second embodiment. A combination of Alt-C of the first embodiment and option 2 of the second embodiment.

[0127] <<Modification>> In the above-described Option 1, at least one of the following constraints may be imposed on the parameters relating to the sensing channel / signal / resource configuration.

[0128] (Constraint 1) The frequency resources of the sensing channel / signal / resource configuration are completely contained within the active DL BWP, i.e., the frequency resources may have the same bandwidth (numerology / SCS) as the active DL BWP or a smaller bandwidth than the active DL BWP.

[0129] (Constraint 2) The numerology / SCS for the sensing channel / signal / resource configuration and the numerology / SCS for the active DL BWP may be the same.

[0130] (Constraint 3) The type of CP for the sensing channel / signal / resource configuration and the type of CP for the active DL BWP may be the same, where the type of CP may be either a normal CP or an extended CP.

[0131] Specific Example: The correspondence relationship (inclusion relationship) between the multiple parameters (DL BWP, SCS, CP) for the above-mentioned sensing channels / signals / resources will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 7 is a conceptual diagram (Venn diagram) showing the correspondence relationship (inclusion relationship) between the multiple parameters (DL BWP, SCS, CP) for the sensing channels / signals / resources.

[0132] In Fig. 7, whether or not a sensing channel / signal / resource is included in the active DL BWP is represented by set A / complement A. That is, if a sensing channel / signal / resource is included in the active DL BWP, it belongs to set A. On the other hand, if a sensing channel / signal / resource is not included in the active DL BWP, it belongs to complement A.

[0133] 7, whether the SCS of the sensing channel / signal / resource is the same (different) as the SCS of the active DL BWP is represented by set B / complement B. That is, if the SCS of the sensing channel / signal / resource is the same as the SCS of the active DL BWP, it belongs to set B. On the other hand, if the SCS of the sensing channel / signal / resource is not the same (different) as the SCS of the active DL BWP, it belongs to complement B.

[0134] 7, whether the CP type of a sensing channel / signal / resource is the same as (different from) the CP type of the active DL BWP is represented by set C / complement C. That is, if the CP type of a sensing channel / signal / resource is the same as the CP type of the active DL BWP, it belongs to set C. On the other hand, if the CP type of a sensing channel / signal / resource is not the same as (different from) the CP type of the active DL BWP, it belongs to complement C.

[0135] Based on FIG. 7, the following eight cases can be exemplified as combinations between multiple parameters for sensing channels / signals / resources.

[0136] (Case 1) The sensing channel / signal / resource is completely contained within the active DL BWP (Set A), and the SCS is the same as that of the active DL BWP (Set B), and the CP type is the same as that of the active DL BWP (Set C) (Set A ∩ Set B ∩ Set C).

[0137] (Case 2) The sensing channel / signal / resource is completely contained within the active DL BWP (set A), and the SCS is the same as that of the active DL BWP (set B), and the CP type is different from that of the active DL BWP (complement C) (set A ∩ set B ∩ complement C).

[0138] (Case 3) The sensing channel / signal / resource is completely contained within the active DL BWP (set A), and the SCS is different from that of the active DL BWP (complement set B), and the CP type is the same as that of the active DL BWP (set C) (set A ∩ complement set B ∩ set C).

[0139] (Case 4) The sensing channel / signal / resource is not completely contained within the active DL BWP (complement A), and the SCS is the same as that of the active DL BWP (set B), and the CP type is the same as that of the active DL BWP (set C) (complement A ∩ set B ∩ set C).

[0140] (Case 5) The sensing channel / signal / resource is completely contained within the active DL BWP (Set A), and the SCS is different from that of the active DL BWP (Complement B), and the CP type is different from that of the active DL BWP (Complement C) (Set A ∩ Complement B ∩ Complement C).

[0141] (Case 6) The sensing channel / signal / resource is not completely contained within the active DL BWP (complement A), and the SCS is different from that of the active DL BWP (complement B), and the CP type is the same as that of the active DL BWP (set C) (complement A ∩ complement B ∩ set C).

[0142] (Case 7) The sensing channel / signal / resource is not completely contained within the active DL BWP (complement A), and the SCS is the same as that of the active DL BWP (set B), and the CP type is different from that of the active DL BWP (complement C) (complement A ∩ set B ∩ complement C).

[0143] (Case 8) The sensing channel / signal / resource is not completely contained within the active DL BWP (complement A), and the SCS is different from that of the active DL BWP (complement B), and the CP type is different from that of the active DL BWP (complement C) (complement A ∩ complement B ∩ complement C).

[0144] In the above-mentioned Option 1, only Case 1 may be applied, or an appropriate combination of Cases 1, 2, 3, and 5 may be applied. In addition, in Option 2, it is possible to apply all of the above-mentioned cases (Cases 1 to 8) alone, or to apply an appropriate combination of multiple cases.

[0145] According to the second embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately control the measurement of the sensing channel / signal / resource based on the relationship with the bandwidth (particularly the DL BWP).

[0146] <Third Embodiment> The third embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned Analysis 1 and relates to the measurement gap / measurement window of sensing. As described above, the third embodiment illustrates the case of bistatic sensing from a gNB to a UE (see, for example, FIG. 3A) / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (see, for example, FIG. 2B). In this case, the entity that performs the sensing measurement may be the UE / gNB.

[0147] In the present disclosure, the terms measurement gap, measurement window, slot, and symbol may be read interchangeably.

[0148] In the present disclosure, the terms "configuration / instruction / activation regarding measurement of sensing channels / signals / resources" and "configuration / instruction / activation of sensing measurement channels / signals / resources" may be read interchangeably.

[0149] The third embodiment can be further classified into embodiments 3-1 and 3-2 depending on whether measurement gaps / measurement windows are applied to sensing. Fig. 8 shows an example of measurement that does not require measurement gaps / measurement windows according to Alt1 of the third embodiment. Fig. 9 shows an example of measurement that requires measurement gaps / measurement windows according to Alt2 of the third embodiment.

[0150] <Alt1> Alt1 describes the case where no measurement gap / measurement window is required.

[0151] The UE may not apply measurement gaps / measurement windows to measurements on sensing channels / signals / resources.

[0152] In this case, the UE may measure the occasions (transmission opportunities) of the sensing channel / signal / resource according to the configuration / instruction / activation of the sensing measurement channel / signal / resource.

[0153] Alt1 is applicable, for example, in sensing measurement configuration at the BWP level (Alt-A in the first embodiment) and / or sensing measurement within the DL BWP (option 1 in the second embodiment).

[0154] Furthermore, Alt1 is applicable to TDM / FDM / T-FDM / CDM / SDM / PDM-based resource partitioning for communication / sensing from the UE perspective.

[0155] For example, in TDM-based resource partitioning for communication / sensing, the sensing slot / symbol may be implicitly determined by the configuration of the sensing measurement channel / signal / resource, in which case the UE may determine the slot / symbol for the occasion of the sensing configuration channel / signal / resource as the sensing slot / symbol.

[0156] As shown in FIG. 8, if no measurement gap / measurement window is required, the UE may measure each sensing RS (channel / signal / resource (occasion)).

[0157] <Alt2> Alt2 explains the cases where measurement gaps / windows are required.

[0158] The UE may apply measurement gaps / measurement windows for measurements on sensing channels / signals / resources.

[0159] The UE may measure sensing channel / signal / resource occasions only within the configured / instructed / activated sensing measurement gap / measurement window.

[0160] As shown in FIG. 9, the UE may make measurements only if there is an occasion for sensing within the measurement gap / measurement window; otherwise, the UE may not perform measurements.

[0161] The UE may perform measurements on the sensing channel / signal / resource during (after) X slots / symbols / seconds / milliseconds / subframes / frames from the start of the measurement gap / measurement window of sensing.

[0162] Here, the value of X may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated from the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (DCI), or may be determined by UE capabilities.

[0163] The above X may represent the time required for the UE to switch from a communication transmission / reception (Tx / Rx) state (or a sensing transmission (Tx) state) to a sensing measurement state.

[0164] Alt2 is applicable to both the first and second embodiments described above, especially to TDM-based resource partitioning for communication / sensing from the UE perspective.

[0165] The measurement gap / measurement window for sensing may follow any of Alt2-1 to Alt2-2 below.

[0166] [Alt2-1] The measurement gap / measurement window of sensing may be a sensing slot / symbol defined as a time resource used for sensing.

[0167] The sensing slot / symbol may refer to a slot / symbol used only for sensing (i.e., not used for / having no purpose other than sensing). Furthermore, the sensing slot may refer to, for example, a slot including only a sensing symbol or a slot including at least one sensing symbol.

[0168] Alternatively, a new type of measurement gap / window may be defined for sensing purposes, such as a gap / window similar to a PRS Processing Window (PPW) configured for positioning or an SSB-based Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) window.

[0169] The sensing measurement gap / measurement window configuration parameters may include information related to at least one of the following: - measurement gap / measurement window index, - periodicity, - offset, - measurement gap / measurement window length, - associated serving cell (index), - associated BWP (index), - associated sensing measurement channel / signal / resource.

[0170] The period / length, etc. of the sensing measurement gap / measurement window may depend on the sensing scenario / topology (e.g., bistatic sensing from a gNB to a UE / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs) or the sensing radius / coverage range. That is, the period / length, etc. of the sensing measurement gap / measurement window may be different or the same depending on the sensing scenario / topology or the sensing radius / coverage range.

[0171] Each of the above parameters may be specified / set / instructed for each SCS.

[0172] Alt2-1 can be further classified into Alt2-1A to Alt2-1C.

[0173] (Alt2-1A) Sensing slots / symbols or measurement gaps / measurement windows for sensing may be configured / indicated / activated per UE / Frequency Range (FR).

[0174] Alt2-1A may be the same as / similar to the mobility RRM measurement or measurement gap / measurement window for positioning configured for each UE / FR.

[0175] Alt2-1A may be applied to the first and second embodiments described above.

[0176] Constraints may be defined on the number of measurement gaps / windows for sensing.

[0177] For example, the maximum number of sensing measurement gaps / measurement windows configured per UE may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated from the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined by the UE capabilities.

[0178] In addition, the maximum number of sensing measurement gaps / measurement windows (e.g., only one) set per FR may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated from the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined by UE capabilities.

[0179] The following constraints may be specified for the operation of the UE:

[0180] [Constraint 1] When a sensing slot / symbol or a sensing measurement gap / measurement window is configured / indicated / activated for each UE, the UE may not perform at least one of the following operations within the sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window: - Transmission / reception of communication channels / signals (except reception of channels / signals for random access procedures), - Transmission of UL sensing channels / signals in any serving cell, - SSB / CSI-RS based inter / intra-frequency measurements, PRS measurements.

[0181] [Constraint 2] When a measurement gap / measurement window for sensing for FR1 / FR2 / FR3 is configured / indicated / activated, the UE may not perform at least one of the following operations within the sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window: - Transmission / reception of communication channels / signals (except reception of channels / signals for random access procedures), - Transmission of UL sensing channels / signals in any serving cell in the FR1 / FR2 / FR3 frequency bands, - SSB / CSI-RS based inter- / intra-frequency measurements, PRS measurements in the FR1 / FR2 / FR3 frequency bands.

[0182] (Alt2-1B) Sensing slots / symbols or measurement gaps / measurement windows for sensing may be configured / indicated / activated for a certain serving cell / certain DL BWP.

[0183] Alt2-1B may be the same as or similar to the TDD configuration pattern set for each cell level or the PPW set for each BWP.

[0184] Alt2-1B may be applied to the first and second embodiments described above.

[0185] Constraints may be defined on the number of measurement gaps / windows for sensing.

[0186] For example, the maximum number of sensing measurement gaps / measurement windows (e.g., only one) configured per serving cell / BWP may be predefined by the specification, may be set / indicated from the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined by UE capabilities.

[0187] The following constraints may be specified for the operation of the UE:

[0188] The UE may not perform at least one of the following operations within a sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window: transmitting / receiving communication channels / signals (except receiving channels / signals for random access procedures), transmitting UL sensing channels / signals in the serving cell, measuring PRS in the PPW of the serving cell.

[0189] (Alt2-1C) Sensing measurement gaps / measurement windows may be set / indicated / activated per sensing measurement channel / signal / resource configuration.

[0190] Alt2-1C may be the same / similar to the SMTC window set for each SSB / CSI-RS based inter-frequency / intra-frequency RRM measurement.

[0191] Alt2-1C may be applied to the first and second embodiments described above.

[0192] The following constraints may be specified for the operation of the UE:

[0193] Constraint 1: The UE may not perform at least one of the following operations within a sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window: - transmitting / receiving communication channels / signals (except receiving channels / signals for random access procedures), - transmitting UL sensing channels / signals in the serving cell, - measuring PRS in the PPW of the serving cell.

[0194] [Constraint 2] The UE may not perform at least one of the following operations within a sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window: - Transmission / reception of communication channels / signals (except reception of channels / signals for random access procedures), - Transmission of UL sensing channels / signals in any serving cell, - SSB / CSI-RS based inter / intra-frequency measurements, PRS measurements.

[0195] [Constraint 3] The UE may not perform at least one of the following operations within a sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window: - Transmission / reception of communication channels / signals (except reception of channels / signals for random access procedures), - Transmission of UL sensing channels / signals in any serving cell in the FR1 / FR2 / FR3 frequency bands, - SSB / CSI-RS based inter / intra-frequency measurements, PRS measurements in the FR1 / FR2 / FR3 frequency bands.

[0196] (Variation of Alt2-1) The overlap (in the frequency domain / time domain) between the sensing measurement gap / window and other communication channels / signals may be allowed. In this case, a specific priority may be defined by the specification. The UE may also perform reporting (UE capability reporting) regarding the specific priority.

[0197] For example, cases in which the measurement gap / measurement window of sensing may overlap with other communication channels / signals include: - overlapping in the time domain, - not overlapping in the time domain but in the same slot as sensing and communication (i.e. overlapping in the frequency domain), - not overlapping in the time domain / frequency domain but not enough space (effective gap) between sensing and communication.

[0198] The UE may compare the sensing measurement gap / measurement window with other communication channels / signals, and if any of the above cases apply, may indicate / report which one to prioritize. In this case, the UE may prioritize processing (transmission / reception / measurement, etc.) for one of the channels / signals based on the comparison result.

[0199] Examples of communication channels / signals to be compared include the following: SSB, channels related to random access (e.g., PRACH / MsgA PUSCH), PDCCH monitoring occasions (e.g., CSS / USS monitoring occasions of types 0 / 0a / 1 / 2 / 3), configuration grants (e.g., CG-PUSCH / SPS-PDSCH), RS transmission / reception (e.g., CSI-RS / PRS / TRS / SRS), and repeated transmission of PUCCH / PUSCH.

[0200] (Additional Information) In Alt2-1A to Alt2-1C, the maximum number of sensing channels / signals / resource settings / occasions (having the same beam / TCI state / Rx spatial filter / RS of QCL type D) that a UE can measure within one sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window may be predefined by the specification, may be set / instructed by the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined by the UE capabilities.

[0201] If the number of the above settings / occasions exceeds the maximum number, the UE may measure only the settings / occasions of sensing measurement channels / signals / resources with higher priority, as long as the number of settings / occasions of the measured sensing measurement channels / signals / resources does not exceed the maximum number.

[0202] The priority (priority) of each sensing measurement channel / signal / resource setting / occasion described above may be determined based on at least one of the following: Physical cell ID (PCI) and serving cell index for sensing measurement channel / signal / resource configuration, Beam / TCI state / Rx spatial filter / RS of QCL type D, Priority (priority) configured for each sensing measurement channel / signal / resource configuration, Frequency band (e.g., whether the priority of a sensing RS in FR1 is higher / lower than that in FR2), Center frequency (e.g., whether a higher frequency has higher / lower priority than a lower center frequency), Start / End symbol / slot of sensing measurement channel / signal / resource occasion (e.g., whether an earlier start / end symbol / slot has higher / lower priority), Sensing measurement channel / signal / resource type (e.g., whether aperiodic sensing measurement channel / signal / resource has higher priority than periodic / semi-persistent, or whether semi-persistent sensing measurement channel / signal / resource has higher priority than periodic), Sensing measurement channel / signal / resource configuration index (e.g., whether a smaller index has higher / lower priority) Sensing requirements (e.g., sensing services / configurations with stricter requirements on accuracy / resolution / latency have higher priority).

[0203] [Alt2-2] The measurement gap / measurement window for sensing may be the existing measurement gap / measurement window for RRM measurement, or the PPW (the PRS processing window set for positioning described above).

[0204] Alt2-2 can be further classified into Alt2-2A to Alt2-2B.

[0205] (Alt2-2A) Sensing measurements may be controlled based on measurement gaps / measurement windows for RRM measurements or positioning set for each UE / FR.

[0206] If there are sensing measurement channel / signal / resource occasions and SSB / CSI-RS-based RRM measurement occasions within one measurement gap / measurement window, the UE may perform the following Alt-a / Alt-b operations depending on the measurement type: The measurement type may be either sensing channel / signal / resource measurement or SSB / CSI-RS measurement.

[0207] [Alt-a] The UE may perform only one type of measurement: SSB / CSI-RS measurement and sensing channel / signal / resource measurement. For example, the UE may perform a measurement of a higher priority type. The priority of type selection may be predefined by the specification, configured / indicated by the gNB / LMF / SF via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or determined by the UE capabilities.

[0208] [Alt-b] The UE may perform measurements of both types (SSB / CSI-RS and sensing channels / signals / resources) as long as the maximum number of measurement occasions is not exceeded. The total maximum number of measurement occasions of both types may be predefined by the specification, configured / indicated by the gNB / LMF / SF via higher layer / physical layer signaling, or determined by the UE capabilities.

[0209] If the number of measurement occasions exceeds the maximum number, the UE may perform only measurements of higher priority types within the constraint of the maximum number. The method of determining the priority may be the same as Alt2-1 described above.

[0210] (Alt2-2B) Sensing measurements may be controlled based on the PPW configured / activated per BWP for the PRS.

[0211] The UE may only measure sensing channels / signals / resources within a PPW that are completely included in the active DL BWP and have the same SCS / CP type as the active DL BWP.

[0212] If there are sensing measurement channels / signals / resources and PRSs in one PPW, the UE may perform the following Alt-a / Alt-b operations depending on the type of measurement: The measurement type may be either a measurement of sensing channels / signals / resources or a measurement of PRSs.

[0213] [Alt-a] The UE may perform only one type of measurement: PRS measurement and sensing channel / signal / resource measurement. For example, the UE may perform a measurement of a higher priority type. The priority of type selection may be predefined by the specification, configured / indicated by the gNB / LMF / SF via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or determined by UE capabilities. For example, the priority of sensing measurement channels / signals / resources relative to PRS / DL communication channels / signals may be defined.

[0214] [Alt-b] The UE may perform measurements of both types (PRS and sensing channels / signals / resources) as long as the maximum number of measurement occasions is not exceeded. The total maximum number of measurement occasions of both types may be predefined by the specification, configured / indicated by the gNB / LMF / SF via higher layer / physical layer signaling, or determined by the UE capabilities.

[0215] If the number of measurement occasions exceeds the maximum number, the UE may perform only measurements of higher priority types within the constraint of the maximum number. The method of determining the priority may be the same as Alt2-1 described above.

[0216] According to the third embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately control sensing measurements by not applying / applying measurement gaps / measurement windows.

[0217] <Fourth embodiment> The fourth embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned analysis 2 and relates to the transmission of a sensing channel / signal for each BWP. As described above, the fourth embodiment illustrates the case of bistatic sensing from a UE to a gNB (see, for example, FIG. 3B) / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs (see, for example, FIG. 2B). The entity that performs the transmission of the sensing channel / signal may be the UE / gNB.

[0218] The configuration regarding the transmission of the sensing channel / signal may be configured for each UL BWP, i.e., the UE may be configured to transmit the sensing channel / signal for each UL BWP.

[0219] The transmission of the sensing channel / signal should be performed within the UL BWP, i.e., the UE should transmit the sensing channel / signal within the UL BWP.

[0220] <Modification> The configuration parameters related to numerology / SCS / CP type (parameters for configuring the parameters) may not be configured in the configuration for the transmission of the sensing channel / signal. In this case, the numerology / SCS / CP type configured for the active UL BWP may be applied. That is, the UE may apply the numerology / SCS / CP type configured for the active UL BWP to the sensing transmission.

[0221] The configuration parameters for numerology / SCS / CP type may be set in the configuration for transmitting the sensing channel / signal. The configuration may be set independently of the active DL BWP or may be set depending on the active DL BWP. For example, the numerology / SCS in the transmission configuration for the sensing channel / signal may be neither larger nor smaller than the SCS of the UL BWP.

[0222] According to the fourth embodiment described above, the UE can control sensing transmission based on the relationship with the bandwidth (particularly, the UL BWP).

[0223] Fifth Embodiment The fifth embodiment corresponds to the above-described analysis 3 and relates to a BWP for sensing.

[0224] In the present disclosure, the DL BWP in the first to third embodiments, the UL BWP and DL / UL BWP in the fourth embodiment, the existing DL / UL BWP for communication, and the new DL / UL BWP for sensing may be read interchangeably.

[0225] The fifth embodiment can be further classified into the following three embodiments: Embodiment 5-1: Introduction of a sensing BWP. Embodiment 5-2: Switching between a sensing BWP and a communication BWP. Embodiment 5-3: Association of parameters between a sensing BWP and a communication BWP.

[0226] <<Embodiment 5-1>> In embodiment 5-1, the introduction of a new sensing BWP will be described.

[0227] A dedicated sensing DL BWP may be defined for measuring sensing channels / signals / resources, and a dedicated sensing UL BWP may be defined for transmitting sensing channels / signals / resources.

[0228] When introducing a BWP for sensing, it is assumed that the bandwidth (BW) of the sensing channel / signal is different from the communication bandwidth. Therefore, the advantage is that there is no need for bandwidth overlap. By defining a dedicated BWP, for example, it is possible to increase the sensing bandwidth and improve the sensing accuracy and resolution.

[0229] Different parameters (e.g., numerology / SCS / CP type) may be set for the DL / UL BWP for sensing and the DL / UL BWP for communication.

[0230] For one serving cell, a DL / UL BWP for sensing may be configured in addition to a BWP for communication.

[0231] At least one of only DL BWP for sensing / only UL BWP for sensing / a pair of DL BWP and UL BWP for sensing may be supported / configured / activated.

[0232] When a pair of DL BWP and UL BWP for sensing (which may also be DL / UL BWP for communication) is supported / configured / activated, at least one of the following conditions (requirements) may be assumed (applied): A pair of DL BWP and UL BWP for sensing may or may not have the same (common) center frequency. A pair of DL BWP for sensing and DL BWP for communication may or may not have the same (common) center frequency. A pair of UL BWP for sensing and UL BWP for communication may or may not have the same (common) center frequency. The bandwidth of the DL BWP for sensing may not be the same as / larger than / smaller than the UL BWP for sensing. The DL / UL BWP for sensing may or may not be completely included in the DL / UL BWP for communication. The DL / UL BWP for communication may or may not be completely contained in the DL / UL BWP for sensing. The DL / UL BWP for sensing may or may not be completely contained in the UL / DL BWP for sensing. Overlapping / partial overlap of the DL BWP for sensing with the UL BWP for sensing may or may not be supported.

[0233] The maximum number of DL / UL BWPs for sensing in one serving cell may be predefined by the specification, may be configured / indicated from the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined by UE capabilities.

[0234] The total maximum number of DL / UL BWPs for sensing and DL / UL BWPs for communication in one serving cell may be predefined by a specification, may be configured / indicated from the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined by UE capabilities.

[0235] If multiple sensing DL / UL BWPs can be configured in one serving cell, at least one of the following may apply: At most one sensing DL / UL BWP (of which there is a bare minimum) may be activated at one time instance. Sensing DL / UL BWPs may be activated via higher layer / physical layer signaling (e.g., RRC / DCI / MAC CE / SIB / LPP).

[0236] <<Embodiment 5-2>> In embodiment 5-2, switching between a sensing BWP and a communication BWP will be described.

[0237] In the DL / UL slots / symbols / measurement gaps / measurement windows for sensing, the DL / UL BWP for sensing may be used / activated, and in the DL / UL slots / symbols for communication, the DL / UL BWP for communication may be used / activated.

[0238] Semi-static switching between the sensing BWP and the communication BWP may be achieved by semi-static setting of the sensing slot / symbol / measurement gap / measurement window.

[0239] The deactivation timer of the sensing BWP may be predefined by the specification or may be set / instructed from the gNB / LMF / SF by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0240] Dynamic switching between sensing BWP and communication BWP may be achieved by dynamic indication / activation of sensing slots / symbols / measurement gaps / measurement windows.

[0241] Regarding the time / gap required for switching between the sensing BWP and the communication BWP (which may also be referred to as switching time / gap), the following constraints may be specified: The switching time may be different for semi-static and dynamic switching. For example, the switching time may be longer in dynamic switching than in semi-static switching.

[0242] The quasi-static / dynamic switching time may be determined according to at least one of Alt-a to Alt-c below.

[0243] (Alt-a) The value of the semi-static / dynamic switching time may be predefined by a specification. The value of the semi-static / dynamic switching time may depend on at least one of the numerology / SCS / CP type of the sensing / communication BWP, the frequency band of the serving cell, and the processing capability type of the UE.

[0244] (Alt-b) The value of the semi-static / dynamic switching time may be set / indicated from the gNB / LMF / SF by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0245] (Alt-c) The value of the semi-static / dynamic switching time may be determined according to the UE capability report.

[0246] <<Embodiment 5-3>> In embodiment 5-3, the association of parameters of the sensing BWP and the communication BWP will be described.

[0247] In one serving cell, the activated DL / UL BWPs for communication and the activated DL / UL BWPs for sensing may have a specific association / correspondence / mapping defined for at least one of the following parameters:

[0248] 10 to 13 are diagrams showing examples of associations between parameters of a sensing BWP and a communication BWP according to the fifth embodiment.

[0249] [Numerology] (Alt-a) The numerology of the sensing DL / UL BWP may be independent from the active / initial / first communication DL / UL BWP. (Alt-b) The numerology of the sensing DL / UL BWP may be the same as the active / initial / first communication DL / UL BWP. (Alt-c) A specific relationship may be defined between the sensing DL / UL BWP numerology and the active / initial / first communication DL / UL BWP. For example, if the numerology of the DL / UL BWP for active / initial / first communication has a certain SCS value, possible (candidate) SCS values ​​that the numerology of the DL / UL BWP for sensing can take may be defined for that SCS value.

[0250] [BWP Location / Size / Center Frequency] Regarding the BWP location / size / center frequency, at least one of the following conditions 1 to 5 (combinations are possible) may be applied. Note that conditions 4 and 5 may be supported when none of conditions 1 to 3 are applied. In each of the following conditions, the included / overlapped target may be the frequency domain.

[0251] (Condition 1) The center frequencies of the DL / UL BWP for sensing and the DL / UL BWP for communication are the same (see FIGS. 10A to 10D and 11A to 11D). (Condition 2) The DL / UL BWP for activated communication is completely contained in the DL / UL BWP for (activated) sensing (see FIGS. 10A to 10D). (Condition 3) The DL / UL BWP for (activated) sensing is completely contained in the DL / UL BWP for (activated) communication (see FIGS. 11A to 11D). (Condition 4) The DL / UL BWP for (activated) sensing does not overlap in the frequency domain with the DL / UL BWP for (activated) communication (see FIGS. 12A to 12D). (Condition 5) The (activated) DL / UL BWP for sensing partially overlaps with the activated DL / UL BWP for communication (see FIGS. 13A to 13D).

[0252] (Variations) For example, the bandwidth of the DL / UL BWP for (activated) sensing may be larger or smaller than the DL / UL BWP for activated communication.

[0253] The correspondence between communication and sensing in embodiment 5-3 may depend on the UE capabilities.

[0254] According to the fifth embodiment described above, the correspondence relationship between the parameters of the sensing BWP and the communication BWP can be clarified.

[0255] <Modifications> Among sensing scenarios to which the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied, for example, in bistatic sensing from a gNB to a UE / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs, at least one of the following may be supported: (Option A) The UE measures the sensing channel / signal only in RRC-CONNCETED mode. (Option B) The UE measures the sensing channel / signal in RRC-CONNCETED mode / RRC-inactive mode.

[0256] Among sensing scenarios to which the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied, for example, bistatic sensing from a UE to a gNB / bistatic sensing between multiple UEs, at least one of the following may be supported: (Option A) The UE measures the sensing channel / signal only in RRC-CONNCETED mode. (Option B) The UE measures the sensing channel / signal in RRC-CONNCETED mode / RRC-inactive mode.

[0257] In the present disclosure, for example, the correspondence relationship between communication and sensing parameters in embodiment 5-3 is mainly illustrated as a correspondence relationship in the frequency domain. However, this is not limited to this. For example, the correspondence relationship between communication and sensing parameters in embodiment 5-3 can also be applied in the time domain. That is, the frequency domain in embodiment 5-3 can be read as the time domain and applied. More specifically, with regard to the location / size / center frequency of the BWP in embodiment 5-3, the target of "including / overlapping" in each condition may be the time domain.

[0258] <Supplementary Information> [Notification of Information to UE] In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified to the UE (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0259] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0260] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0261] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0262] [Notification of Information from UE] In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0263] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0264] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0265] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0266] [Application of Each Embodiment] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met. The specific condition may be defined in a standard or may be notified to a UE / BS using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0267] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.

[0268] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting specific processing / operations / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments; Supporting ISAC operation; Supporting awareness of ISAC operation; Supporting allocation / partitioning of TDM-based ISAC resources and communication resources; Supporting allocation / partitioning of FDM-based ISAC resources and communication resources; Supporting allocation / partitioning of TDM-FDM-based ISAC resources and communication resources; Supporting allocation / partitioning of Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM)-based ISAC resources and communication resources; Supporting allocation / partitioning of Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)-based ISAC resources and communication resources; Supporting any combination of ISAC resource and communication resource allocation / partitioning / multiplexing methods. - Supporting sensing (sensing configuration) for configuration of measurement channels / signals / resources per serving cell / BWP. - Supporting measurement of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions within DL BWP. - Supporting measurement of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions outside DL BWP. - Supporting measurement of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions without applying measurement gaps / measurement windows / outside measurement gaps / measurement windows. - Supporting measurement gaps / measurement windows configured for measuring sensing channel / signal / resource occasions. - Supporting the number of measurement gaps / measurement windows configured for sensing channel / signal / resource occasions. - Supporting measurement of multiple sensing channel / signal / resource occasions within one measurement gap / measurement window. - Supporting the number of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions measured within one measurement gap / measurement window.- Supporting measurement of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions with the same beam within one measurement gap / measurement window. - Supported number of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions with the same beam measured within one measurement gap / measurement window. - Supporting measurement of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions with different beams within one measurement gap / measurement window. - Supported number of sensing channel / signal / resource occasions with different beams measured within one measurement gap / measurement window. - Supporting separate sensing DL / UL BWP from communication DL / UL BWP. - Supported maximum number of sensing DL / UL BWPs configurable for a serving cell. - Supported total maximum number of sensing / communication DL / UL BWPs configurable for a serving cell. - Supporting measurement of sensing channels / signals in RRC-CONNCETED mode / RRC-inactive mode.

[0269] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0270] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0271] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when the UE configures / activates / triggers specific information related to the above-described embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiments) through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating that ISAC is enabled, any RRC parameter for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19), etc.

[0272] If the UE does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities or is not configured with the specific information, the UE may apply, for example, Rel. 15 / 16 behavior.

[0273] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding an embodiment (first / second / fifth embodiment) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives information related to measurement configuration of a channel or signal for sensing, and a control unit that controls the sensing measurement based on the measurement configuration. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the measurement configuration is configured for each bandwidth portion (BWP) or serving cell. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit controls the sensing measurement inside and outside the bandwidth portion (BWP). [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the receiving unit receives a configuration of the bandwidth portion (BWP) for sensing, and the control unit controls the sensing measurement based on the configuration of the bandwidth portion (BWP) for sensing.

[0274] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment (third embodiment) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a channel or signal for sensing; and a control unit that controls measurement of the channel or signal based on whether a measurement gap for the sensing is applied. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the receiving unit receives a configuration parameter for the measurement gap, and the control unit controls measurement of the channel or signal by applying the measurement gap based on the configuration parameter. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit controls not to measure or transmit a specific channel or signal when a measurement gap for the sensing is applied. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplements 1 to 3, wherein the control unit controls measurement of the channel or signal based on a measurement gap for radio resource management (RRM) measurement or a processing window that is set for positioning.

[0275] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding an embodiment (fourth / fifth embodiments) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives information regarding a setting of a bandwidth portion (BWP) for sensing, and a control unit that controls measurement of a channel or signal for sensing based on the measurement setting. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information regarding a setting of a BWP for communication separate from the BWP for sensing, and the control unit controls switching between the BWP for sensing and the BWP for communication. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the BWP for sensing and the BWP for communication at least partially overlap in the frequency domain, or do not overlap in the frequency domain. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplements 1 to 3, wherein the control unit controls transmission of a channel or signal for sensing for each BWP based on the BWP setting.

[0276] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0277] 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0278] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0279] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0280] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0281] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0282] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0283] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0284] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0285] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0286] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0287] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), a Sensing Function (SF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0288] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0289] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0290] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0291] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0292] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0293] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0294] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0295] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0296] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0297] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0298] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0299] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0300] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0301] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0302] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0303] 15 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0304] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0305] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0306] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0307] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0308] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0309] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0310] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0311] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0312] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0313] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0314] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0315] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0316] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0317] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0318] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0319] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0320] The transceiver 120 may transmit information regarding the transmission power of a channel or signal for sensing.

[0321] The controller 110 may determine the transmission power based on information about the transmission power. The controller 110 may control the transmission power depending on whether or not path loss estimation is performed for a channel or signal for sensing.

[0322] (User Terminal) Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0323] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0324] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0325] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0326] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0327] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0328] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0329] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0330] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0331] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0332] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0333] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0334] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0335] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0336] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0337] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0338] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0339] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0340] The transceiver 220 may receive information regarding the transmit power of a channel or signal for sensing. The transceiver 220 may receive the information for each sensing measurement configuration. The information may include at least one of the transmit power, transmit power density, number of resource elements, number of resource blocks, and power-related parameters of the channel or signal for sensing. The power-related parameters may be parameters regarding the power offset or transmit power of the channel or signal for sensing relative to a certain reference signal.

[0341] The control unit 210 may determine the sensing resources and communication resources to be time-division multiplexed. The control unit 210 may determine the transmission power based on information about the transmission power. The control unit 210 may control the transmission power depending on whether or not path loss estimation is performed for a channel or signal for sensing. The control unit 210 may determine the transmission power based on expected transmission power. The control unit 210 may determine the transmission power based on path loss estimated from a reference path loss reference signal.

[0342] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0343] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0344] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0345] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0346] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0347] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0348] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0349] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0350] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0351] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0352] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0353] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0354] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0355] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0356] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0357] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0358] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0359] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0360] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0361] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0362] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0363] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0364] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0365] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0366] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0367] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0368] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0369] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0370] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0371] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0372] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0373] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0374] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0375] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0376] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0377] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0378] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0379] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0380] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0381] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0382] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0383] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0384] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0385] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0386] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0387] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0388] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0389] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0390] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0391] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0392] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0393] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0394] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0395] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0396] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0397] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0398] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0399] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0400] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0401] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0402] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0403] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0404] 18 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0405] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0406] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0407] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0408] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0409] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0410] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0411] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0412] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0413] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0414] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0415] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0416] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0417] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0418] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0419] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0420] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0421] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0422] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0423] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0424] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0425] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0426] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0427] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...." "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (e.g., if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0428] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0429] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0430] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0431] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0432] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0433] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0434] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0435] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0436] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0437] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0438] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives information regarding a setting of a bandwidth portion (BWP) for sensing, and a control unit that controls measurement of a channel or signal for the sensing based on the measurement setting.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information regarding the setting of a BWP for communication separate from the BWP for sensing, and the control unit controls switching between the BWP for sensing and the BWP for communication.

3. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the BWP for sensing and the BWP for communication at least partially overlap in the frequency domain, or do not overlap in the frequency domain.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls transmission of a channel or signal for the sensing for each BWP based on the setting of the BWP.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising the steps of: receiving information regarding a setting of a bandwidth portion (BWP) for sensing; and controlling measurement of a channel or signal for the sensing based on the measurement setting.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits information regarding a bandwidth portion (BWP) setting for sensing, and a control unit that controls the generation of information regarding the BWP setting for controlling the measurement of a channel or signal for the sensing based on the measurement setting.

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