Source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based probabilistic amplitude shaping
By employing a source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS systems, the utilization of source information in wireless communication systems is enhanced, addressing suboptimal performance issues and achieving improved spectral efficiency and noise resilience.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/123061
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems using traditional modulation techniques like QAM do not effectively utilize source information for improved performance in probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) systems, leading to suboptimal source compression and degraded performance.
A source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS systems, where the least significant bits (LSBs) are interleaved based on a power flip function before distribution matching, allowing the polar code to utilize source information for enhanced performance.
This approach enables improved source compression and performance in PAS systems by accelerating polarization speed and enhancing noise tolerance, leading to better spectral efficiency and noise resilience.
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Figure CN2023123061_10042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SOURCE-BASED INTERLEAVER AND CODE DESIGN FOR POLAR-CODE-BASED PROBABILISTIC AMPLITUDE SHAPING
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses associated with a source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) .BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like) . Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE) . LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .
[0004] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication link from the network node to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, among other examples) .
[0005] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and / or global level. New Radio (NR) , which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and / or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) ) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0007] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0008] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0009] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmit (Tx) chain and a receive (Rx) chain, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0010] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Tx chain and an Rx chain per dimension in a probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) system, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0011] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating one or more examples related to shaping techniques that may be used in a PAS system, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0012] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of using a polar code as a bit-level shaper, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] Figs. 7A-7B are diagrams illustrating examples of one-bit shaping for high order modulations, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of polar code construction on an averaged binary symmetric channel, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] Figs. 9A-9D are diagrams illustrating examples associated with a source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] Figs. 10-11 are diagrams illustrating example processes associated with a source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Figs. 12-13 are diagrams of example apparatuses for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0018] Some aspects described herein relate to a transmitting node for wireless communication. The transmitting node may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to interleave a least significant bit (LSB) matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix. The one or more processors may be configured to perform distribution matching to obtain a shaped most significant bit (MSB) according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector. The one or more processors may be configured to generate one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.
[0019] Some aspects described herein relate to a receiving node for wireless communication. The receiving node may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols. The one or more processors may be configured to decode the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to a LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors. The one or more processors may be configured to generate a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes. The one or more processors may be configured to obtain, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The one or more processors may be configured to perform inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.
[0020] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a transmitting node. The method may include interleaving a LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix. The method may include performing distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector. The method may include generating one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The method may include transmitting the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.
[0021] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a receiving node. The method may include receiving, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols. The method may include decoding the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors. The method may include generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes. The method may include obtaining, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The method may include performing inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.
[0022] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a transmitting node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitting node, may cause the transmitting node to interleave an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitting node, may cause the transmitting node to perform distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitting node, may cause the transmitting node to generate one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitting node, may cause the transmitting node to transmit the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.
[0023] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a receiving node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiving node, may cause the receiving node to receive, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiving node, may cause the receiving node to decode the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiving node, may cause the receiving node to generate a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiving node, may cause the receiving node to obtain, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the receiving node, may cause the receiving node to perform inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.
[0024] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for interleaving an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix. The apparatus may include means for performing distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector. The apparatus may include means for generating one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The apparatus may include means for transmitting the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.
[0025] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols. The apparatus may include means for decoding the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors. The apparatus may include means for generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes. The apparatus may include means for obtaining, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB. The apparatus may include means for performing inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.
[0026] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, transmitter node, receiver node, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0027] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0028] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers) . It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) , sometimes referred to as probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) , is a coded modulation technique in which constellation shaping is combined with channel coding. For example, coherent transmission is typically based on quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , where data bits are encoded into a constellation in which each point is a unique combination of phase and amplitude. In QAM and other traditional modulation techniques, each constellation point has the same probability of being used, whereby outer constellation points that have a higher amplitude and consume more energy and / or power have the same probability of being used as inner constellation points that have a lower amplitude and consume less energy and / or power. In a system that uses PAS and / or PCS, referred to herein as a PAS system, lower energy / power constellations may be used more frequently, enabling benefits such as enhanced granularity and improved noise tolerance. For example, in a PAS system, a distribution matching (DM) component may receive a uniform bit sequence with equal probabilities, and the DM component may convert the uniform bit sequence into symbols with a desired probability distribution (e.g., Gaussian) . Accordingly, by using inner constellation points associated with a lower energy and / or a lower power more frequently than outer constellation points associated with a higher energy and / or a higher power, a PAS system may enable granular control over a number of bits per symbol and improved spectral efficiency with better noise tolerance and / or fewer nonlinearities relative to traditional QAM, among other examples.
[0030] In general, when a polar code is constructed on an averaged binary symmetric channel (BSC) , the mixed BSC used for polar code construction is typically suitable for channel coding in an average sense, but the polar code construction is suboptimal for source compression. For example, the polar code construction is suboptimal for source compression because source information (e.g., one or more least significant bit (LSB) values) is available to the transmitting node but the source information is not utilized, which may cause degraded performance. Accordingly, some aspects described herein relate to an interleaver that may be used to sort the source information (e.g., LSBs) based on a power flip function or other suitable metric that is used before applying the polar-code-based PAS. For example, some aspects described herein relate to PAS techniques in which one or more LSB values impact the polar code. For example, in some aspects, a transmitting node may generate an interleaver (also referred to as a symbol interleaver) according to sorted values for one or more conditional bit level probabilities (e.g., according to one or more LSB values and associated values for a power flip function) . Accordingly, prior to being input to a distribution matching (DM) function, one or more input LSBs may be interleaved, and distribution matching may then be performed according to a value of a most significant bit (MSB) and the interleaved (or sorted) input LSBs. The output from a DM function may then correspond to a shaped MSB, which may be deinterleaved to obtain a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB that is used to generate a shaped symbol using a bit-to-symbol mapping function. Furthermore, a reciprocal operation may be used at a receiving node to recover the transmitted bits, except that a DM function at the receiving node may not need to take the one or more LSBs as an input (e.g., a polar-based DM may only need to run a fast Hadamard transform (FHT) function to recover the transmitted bits) . In this way, the source information (e.g., LSB values) may be used to construct the polar code, which may enable source compression and improved performance in a PAS system.
[0031] Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0032] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0033] While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT) , aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and / or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G) .
[0034] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) ) network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as a network node 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d) , a user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e) , and / or other entities. A network node 110 is a network node that communicates with UEs 120. As shown, a network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit) . As another example, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs)) .
[0035] In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with UEs 120 via a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, a network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a disaggregated network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. A network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G) , a gNB (e.g., in 5G) , an access point, a transmission reception point (TRP) , a DU, an RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the network nodes 110 may be interconnected to one another or to one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 through various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, an air interface, or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.
[0036] In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 and / or a network node subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 102a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 102b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a network node 110 that is mobile (e.g., a mobile network node) .
[0037] In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, “base station” or “network node” may refer to a CU, a DU, an RU, a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in connection with the network node 110. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform the one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a quantity of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to duplicate performance of at least a portion of the function, and the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to any one or more of those different devices. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one of the base station functions and not another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.
[0038] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110) . A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, or the like.
[0039] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, or the like. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0040] A network controller 130 may couple to or communicate with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be a CU or a core network device, or may include a CU or a core network device.
[0041] The UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and / or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet) ) , an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.
[0042] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE and / or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag, that may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device) , or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. A UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE 120, such as processor components and / or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.
[0043] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
[0044] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another) . For example, the UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol) , and / or a mesh network. In such examples, a UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the network node 110.
[0045] Devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0046] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0047] With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0048] In some aspects, a UE 120 may include a communication manager 140 and a network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 150 may interleave an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix; perform distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector; generate one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and transmit the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 150 may receive, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols; decode the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors; generate a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes; obtain, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and perform inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 and / or 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0049] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0050] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T ≥ 1) . The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R ≥ 1) . The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antennas 234 and a modem 232. In some examples, a network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs, or one or more DUs.
[0051] At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data, from a data source 212, intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) . The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 and may provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) . A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) , shown as modems 232a through 232t. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) , shown as antennas 234a through 234t.
[0052] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) may receive the downlink signals from the network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) , shown as modems 254a through 254r. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.
[0053] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.
[0054] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a through 234t and / or antennas 252a through 252r) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and / or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and / or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2.
[0055] On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) from the controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) , and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 280) and the memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 9A-9D and / or Figs. 10-13) .
[0056] At the network node 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by the antennas 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem 232) , detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communications. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 220, and / or the TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 240) and the memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 9A-9D and / or Figs. 10-13) .
[0057] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or any other component (s) of Fig. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with a source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or any other component (s) of Fig. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, and / or other processes as described herein. The memory 242 and the memory 282 may store data and program codes for the network node 110 and the UE 120, respectively. In some examples, the memory 242 and / or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and / or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and / or the network node 110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0058] In some aspects, the UE 120 and / or the network node 110 may include means for interleaving an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix; means for performing distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector; means for generating one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and means for transmitting the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 and / or the network node 110 may include means for receiving, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols; means for decoding the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors; means for generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes; means for obtaining, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and means for performing inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 and / or 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein. In some aspects, the means for the network node 110 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246. Additionally, or alternatively, the means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0059] In some aspects, an individual processor may perform all of the functions described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, one or more processors may collectively perform a set of functions. For example, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first function described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second function described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, functions described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0060] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0061] As indicated above, Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2.
[0062] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network equipment may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, among other examples) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. “Network entity” or “network node” may refer to a disaggregated base station, or to one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof) .
[0063] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit) . A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs) . In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other network nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples.
[0064] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) to facilitate scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be individually deployed. A disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.
[0065] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 of a transmit (Tx) chain 302 and a receive (Rx) chain 304. In some aspects, one or more components of Tx chain 302 may be implemented in transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modem 254, and / or controller / processor 280, as described above in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, Tx chain 302 may be implemented in UE 120 for transmitting data 306 (e.g., uplink data, an uplink reference signal, and / or uplink control information transmitted to base station 110 on an uplink channel and / or sidelink data, a sidelink reference signal, and / or sidelink control information transmitted to another UE 120 on a sidelink channel) .
[0066] As shown in Fig. 3, an encoder 307 may alter a signal (e.g., a bitstream) 303 into data 306. Data 306 to be transmitted is provided from the encoder 307 as input to a serial-to-parallel (S / P) converter 308. In some aspects, the S / P converter 308 may split the transmission data into N parallel data streams 310.
[0067] The N parallel data streams 310 may then be provided as input to a mapper 312. The mapper 312 may map the N parallel data streams 310 onto N constellation points. The mapping may be performed using a modulation constellation, such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , 8 phase-shift keying (8PSK) , and / or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . Thus, the mapper 312 may output N parallel symbol streams 316, each symbol stream 316 corresponding to one of N orthogonal subcarriers of an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) component 320. The N parallel symbol streams 316 are represented in the frequency domain and may be converted into N parallel time domain sample streams 318 by IFFT component 320.
[0068] In some aspects, N parallel modulations in the frequency domain correspond to N modulation symbols in the frequency domain, which are equal to N mapping and N- point IFFT in the frequency domain, which are equal to one (useful) OFDM symbol in the time domain, which are equal to N samples in the time domain. One OFDM symbol in the time domain, Ns, is equal to Ncp (the number of guard samples per OFDM symbol) + N (the number of useful samples per OFDM symbol) .
[0069] The N parallel time domain sample streams 318 may be converted into an OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 322 by a parallel-to-serial (P / S) converter 324. A guard insertion component 326 may insert a guard interval between successive OFDM / OFDMA symbols in the OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 322. The output of the guard insertion component 326 may then be upconverted to a desired transmit frequency band by a radio frequency (RF) front end 328. An antenna 330 may then transmit the resulting signal 332.
[0070] In some aspects, the Rx chain 304 may utilize OFDM / OFDMA. In some aspects, one or more components of the Rx chain 304 may be implemented in receive processor 258, MIMO detector 256, modem 254, and / or controller / processor 280, as described above in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the Rx chain 304 may be implemented in a UE 120 for receiving data 306 (e.g., downlink data, a downlink reference signal, and / or downlink control information received from a base station 110 on a downlink channel and / or sidelink data, a sidelink reference signal, and / or sidelink control information received from another UE 120 on a sidelink channel) .
[0071] A transmitted signal 332 is shown traveling over a wireless channel 334 from the Tx chain 302 to the Rx chain 304. When a signal 332' is received by an antenna 330', the received signal 332' may be downconverted to a baseband signal by an RF front end 328'. A guard removal component 326' may then remove the guard interval that was inserted between OFDM / OFDMA symbols by the guard insertion component 326.
[0072] The output of the guard removal component 326' may be provided to an S / P converter 324'. The output may include an OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 322', and the S / P converter 324' may divide the OFDM / OFDMA symbol stream 322' into N parallel time-domain symbol streams 318', each of which corresponds to one of the N orthogonal subcarriers. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) component 320' may convert the N parallel time-domain symbol streams 318' into the frequency domain and output N parallel frequency-domain symbol streams 316'.
[0073] A demapper 312' may perform the inverse of the symbol mapping operation that was performed by the mapper 312, thereby outputting N parallel data streams 310'. A P / S converter 308' may combine the N parallel data streams 310' into a single data stream 306'. Ideally, the data stream 306' corresponds to the data 306 that was provided as input to the Tx chain 302. The data stream 306' may be decoded into a decoded data stream 303' by a decoder 307'.
[0074] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 3 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 3. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 3 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 3 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of components (e.g., one or more components) shown in Fig. 3 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 3.
[0075] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a Tx chain and an Rx chain per dimension in a PAS system. In some aspects, one or more components of the Tx chain may be implemented in the transmit processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, the modem 254, and / or the controller / processor 280 described above in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the Tx chain may be implemented in a UE 120 for transmitting data to a base station 110 on an uplink channel and / or transmitting data to another UE 120 on a sidelink channel using a PAS technique.
[0076] In particular, PAS, sometimes referred to as probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) , is a coded modulation technique in which constellation shaping is combined with channel coding. For example, in existing wireless networks, coherent transmission is typically based on QAM and / or other modulation techniques where data bits to be transmitted are encoded into a constellation in which each point is a unique combination of phase and amplitude. In QAM and other traditional modulation techniques, each constellation point has the same probability of being used, whereby outer constellation points that have a higher amplitude and consume more energy and / or power have the same probability of being used as inner constellation points that have a lower amplitude and consume less energy and / or power. In a system that uses PAS and / or PCS, referred to herein as a PAS system, lower energy / power constellations (e.g., inner points) may be used more frequently, enabling benefits such as enhanced granularity and improved noise tolerance. For example, in a PAS system, a distribution matching (DM) component may receive a uniform bit sequence with equal probabilities, and the DM component, or DM function, may convert the uniform bit sequence into symbols with a desired probability distribution (e.g., Gaussian) . Accordingly, by using inner constellation points associated with a lower energy and / or a lower power more frequently than outer constellation points associated with a higher energy and / or a higher power, a PAS system may enable granular control over a number of bits per symbol and improved spectral efficiency with better noise tolerance and / or fewer nonlinearities relative to traditional QAM, among other examples.
[0077] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, the Tx chain in the PAS system may include a demultiplexer 410 (shown as demux 410) , a distribution matcher 420, an amplitudes-to-bits converter 430, a forward error correction (FEC) encoder 440, and a constellation mapping component 450. As shown, the demultiplexer 410 may receive a binary information string to be transmitted, and may provide an information string that includes k bits to the distribution matcher 420, where k is a uniform input bit length for the distribution matcher 420. As further shown, the distribution matcher 420 may map the binary information string to positive amplitudes with a non-uniform distribution to produce an output n, where n is a shaped output in one dimension based on an amplitude-shift keying (ASK) sequence length. For example, the distribution matcher 420 may map the binary information string to the positive amplitudes with the non-uniform distribution based on a DM rate (e.g., a shaping rate) and / or a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution parameter (v) that can be mapped to a DM rate.
[0078] As further shown in Fig. 4, the output n from the distribution matcher 420 may be provided to the amplitude-to-bits converter 430, which may convert the shaped output based on the ASK sequence length into (m-1) n bits, where m is log-2 of 2m-ASK size (e.g., a number of bits per one dimension) . The (m-1) n bits output from the amplitude-to-bits converter 430 may be provided to the FEC encoder 440 together with a γn-bit information string output by the demultiplexer 410, where γ is a rate of one or more extra (e.g., uniform) data bits carried over one or more symbol signs. As further shown in Fig. 4, the FEC encoder 440 may generate (m-1) n shaped systematic bits based on the output from the amplitude-to-bits converter 430, and may generate γn non-shaped systematic bits and (1-γ) n parity check bits based on the γn-bit information string output by the demultiplexer 410. For example, as shown in Fig. 4, and at reference number 445, the FEC encoder 440 may generate the shaped systematic bits, the non-shaped systematic bits, and / or the parity check bits based on an FEC rate Rc= (m-1+γ) / m≥ (m-1) / m. As further shown, the constellation mapping component 450 may use the shaped systematic bits to generate transmit amplitudes A, and may further use the non-shaped systematic bits and the parity check bits to generate transmit sign bits S associated with the transmit amplitudes.
[0079] As further shown in Fig. 4, probabilistically shaped channel inputs X=A·S may then be transmitted over a wireless channel 460 that includes resources in a spatial domain (e.g., one or more layers) , a frequency domain (e.g., one or more resource blocks (RBs) or frequency bands) , and a time domain (e.g., one or more symbols or slots) . For example, the probabilistically shaped channel inputs may be transmitted over the wireless channel 460 at a transmission rate Rt=RS+γ<H (A) +γ, where H is the wireless channel 460.
[0080] In some aspects, the PAS system may include an Rx chain that can receive a signal transmitted over the wireless channel 460, and one or more components of the Rx chain may be implemented in the receive processor 258, the MIMO detector 256, the modem 254, and / or the controller / processor 280 described above in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the Rx chain may be implemented in a UE 120 for receiving data from a network node 110 on a downlink channel and / or receiving data from another UE 120 on a sidelink channel using a PAS technique. As further shown, the Rx chain may include various components that perform an inverse function relative to the Tx chain. For example, the Rx chain may include a multiplexer 410' (shown as mux 410') , a distribution dematcher 420', a bits-to-amplitudes converter 430', an FEC decoder 440', and a constellation demapping component 450' that may convert probabilistically shaped channel inputs into a received binary string.
[0081] In this way, the PAS system may enable more granular control over a number of bits per symbol and improved spectral efficiency with better noise tolerance and / or fewer nonlinearities relative to traditional QAM by using inner constellation points associated with a lower energy and / or a lower power more frequently than outer constellation points associated with a higher energy and / or a higher power. For example, on the transmit side (e.g., in the Tx chain) , rate adaptation may be performed by tuning the DM parameters (e.g., the DM rate and / or Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution parameter) and the non-shaped information bits (γn) . For example, the output from the distribution matcher 420 is used to map the binary bits to be transmitted to positive amplitudes with a non-uniform distribution, and non-shaped information bits and parity bits are mapped to the sign (s) of the constellation, where uniformly distributed sign bits cause no change to the constellation distribution. However, one challenge that may arise in a PAS system is sensitivity to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation, which can be significant when the wireless channel 460 is a spatial and frequency selective channel. For example, fading (e.g., varied signal attenuation) may occur in the wireless channel 460 in a spatial domain (e.g., at different locations or in different directions) , a frequency domain (e.g., in different sub-bands) , and / or a time domain (e.g., at different time instances) due to multipath propagation, weather, and / or shadowing from obstacles that affect wave propagation, among other examples. Accordingly, to combat fading, a wireless network may support techniques such as frequency-selective precoding, channel coding, and / or interleaving, which can result in SNR variation in the spatial domain, the frequency domain, and / or the time domain. The SNR variation may pose challenges in a PAS system, where the DM rate needs to be adapted based on different SNR conditions.
[0082] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 4 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 4. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 4 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 4 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of components (e.g., one or more components) shown in Fig. 4 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 4.
[0083] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating one or more examples 500 related to shaping techniques that may be used in a PAS system, in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, as described herein, a PAS system generally supports one or more constellation shaping techniques that are used to generate a non-uniform symbol distribution to be transmitted over a wireless channel, which can enable a larger capacity over the wireless channel (e.g., the probability of a symbol can be tuned to achieve a higher capacity) . For example, in a PAS system, a distribution matcher (or distribution matching function) can tune the probability of a symbol to generate the non-uniform probability symbols using symbol-level or bit-level shaping techniques.
[0084] More particularly, referring to Fig. 5, reference number 510 relates to a bit-to-symbol probability in which each symbol, a, has a respective probability, PA (a) , and a sum of the probabilities for all of the symbols is 1 (e.g., ∑PA (a) =1) . For example, the probability associated with each symbol may correspond to a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution with In general, symbol-level shaping in a PAS system may utilize one or more source-to-source mapping DMs, such as a constant composition distribution matcher (CCDM) . Additionally, or alternatively, a PAS system may use bit-level shaping techniques, where symbols are generated via multiple bit levels with a bit-to-symbol mapping (e.g., a Gray mapping or a natural mapping) . In such cases, the symbol probability is generated as a by-product of the bit-level probability, which may be suitable for binary code shaping. As shown by reference number 520, bit-level shaping techniques may provide a similar symbol distribution and a similar capacity as symbol-level shaping techniques. For example, curve 522 corresponds to an MB distribution that may be generated using symbol-level shaping techniques, and curve 524 corresponds to a bit-product distribution that may be generated using bit-level shaping techniques, where curves 522 and 524 provide roughly similar symbol distributions and capacities.
[0085] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0086] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of using a polar code as a bit-level shaper, in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, as shown, a transmitting node may receive an input bit vector to be transmitted, b, which may be input to a DM function. As further shown in Fig. 6, the DM function may include a polar decoder and a polar transform function, G, that are used to transform uniformly distributed bits of the input bit vector, shown as b (1) through b (5) , into non-uniformly distributed bits, shown as through based on a binary symmetric channel with a crossover probability of p, denoted BSC (p) , and one or more shaping bits, shown as s (1) through s (3) . For example, as described herein, a binary symmetric channel is a communications channel model in which a transmitting node sends a bit (either a zero or a one) , and a receiving node receives a bit that may be flipped (e.g., from zero to one or from one to zero) with a crossover probability, p, or otherwise received correctly. Accordingly, when a polar code is used as a bit-level shaper to generate the non-uniformly distributed bits, a probability of the non-uniformly distributed bits being a zero or a one is a value other than 0.5. As further shown, the non-uniformly distributed bits are then input to a channel encoder, a bit-to-symbol mapping function, and a layer mapping function before being transmitted over a wireless channel. The bits that are transmitted over the wireless channel are then received by a receiving node, which demodulates the received signal using a log likelihood ratio (LLR) demodulator and decodes the demodulated signal using a channel decoder to obtain the non-uniformly distributed bits, The receiving node then inputs the non-uniformly distributed bits, to an inverse DM function to recover the input bit vector, b. For example, as shown, the inverse DM function includes a polar transform function used to recover the transmitted bits of the input bit vector and the shaping bits, where the shaping bits are discarded.
[0087] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0088] Figs. 7A-7B are diagrams illustrating examples 700 of one-bit shaping for high order modulations, in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, bit-level shaping may be implemented using unconditional shaping techniques, or may be implemented using one-bit conditional shaping to improve shaping performance for high order modulation. For example, as shown by reference number 710 in Fig. 7A, a DM function may use a target distribution to perform unconditional shaping on a most significant bit (MSB) , b1, to generate a shaped MSB, that is input to a bit-to-symbol mapping function along with one or more least significant bits (LSBs) . Accordingly, in the unconditional shaping technique, the MSB has the largest impact on the transmission probability (or transmission power) of the symbol. However, when performing unconditional shaping on the MSB, the one or more LSBs are not taken into consideration in the bit-level shaping, where unconditionally shaping only one bit level may result in a staggered probability distribution with a staircase-like shape.
[0089] Accordingly, in some cases, bit-level shaping may be performed using one-bit conditional shaping. For example, as shown by reference number 720, the one or more LSBs, b2, are not shaped, which results in a uniform bit probability for the or more LSBs, and the MSB, b1, is shaped conditionally on the one or more LSBs. In particular, the probability of the shaped MSB is conditional based on the one or more LSBs, where the target distribution input to the DM function is For example, as shown by reference number 730 in Fig. 7B, a conditional probability of one or more output bits may take the MSB and LSBs into consideration, resulting in which results in a probability distribution (e.g., ) . In some aspects, as described herein, the probability distribution that results from applying the conditional probability of the one or more LSBs has a more Gaussian shape than the unconditional shaping technique that is based on the MSB only. In this way, shaping the MSB conditionally on the LSBs provides better performance with minimal complexity.
[0090] As indicated above, Figs. 7A-7B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 7A-7B.
[0091] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of polar code construction on an averaged BSC, in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, as described herein, example 800 relates to techniques that may be used to construct a polar code based on an assumption that a probability of one or more LSBs (e.g., b3, b3, and so on) is uniformly distributed. In particular, as shown by block 810, a transmitting node may determine a shaping overhead, Rso, which may be dependent on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , an MCS, or other suitable parameters. Furthermore, as shown by block 820, the transmitting node may then determine a conditional probability, where b\1 refers to one or more lower significant bit levels. As further shown by block 830, the transmitting node then constructs a polar code under a mixed or averaged which is applied for one-bit conditional shaping. For example, as shown by reference number 835, a capacity of the averaged BSC channel, may be used to construct the polar code considering an equal probability of b\1. In some aspects, the polar sequence design used to construct the polar code for the mixed or averaged BSC channel can be generated using Gaussian approximation (GA) , mutual information-based density evolution (MI-DE) , mutual information-based polarization (MIP, also known as FRANK polar) , and / or polarization weight (PW) techniques.
[0092] In some aspects, to construct the polar code with a high reliability order, the polar code construction function may take an input of probability of where the probability of a shaped MSB, is conditional on the one or more LSBs, b\1. Accordingly, assuming that the probability of the LSB levels is uniform, an expectation of the probability of the LSB levels being uniform may be expressed as which defines the capacity of the shaping bits as In other words, the polar code may generally be constructed by assigning the capacity or the entropy of different domain channels at the same value, because the capacity is based on the average of the mixed BSC (e.g., all of the polar code output channels are going through a BSC, which is a mixed channel such that the capacity will be the same) .
[0093] In general, when a polar code is constructed on an averaged BSC, the mixed BSC used for polar code construction is typically suitable for channel coding in an average sense. For example, the channel coding is typically experienced with a predefined distribution that is substantially equal for all of the output channels. However, the polar code construction for an averaged BSC is generally suboptimal for source compression. For example, the polar code construction is suboptimal for source compression because source information (e.g., LSB values) is available to the transmitting node but the source information is not utilized, which may cause degraded performance. Accordingly, some aspects described herein relate to an interleaver that may be used to sort the source information (e.g., LSBs) based on a power flip function or other suitable metric that is used before applying the polar-code-based PAS. For example, some aspects described herein relate to PAS techniques in which one or more LSB values impact the polar code. For example, in some aspects, a transmitting node may generate an interleaver (also referred to as a symbol interleaver) according to sorted values for one or more conditional bit level probabilities (e.g., according to one or more LSB values and associated values for a power flip function) . Accordingly, prior to being input to a DM function, one or more input LSBs may be interleaved, and distribution matching may then be performed according to a value of an MSB and the interleaved (or sorted) input LSBs. The output from a DM function may then correspond to a shaped MSB, which may be deinterleaved to obtain a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB that is used to generate a shaped symbol using a bit-to-symbol mapping function. Furthermore, a reciprocal operation may be used at a receiving node to recover the transmitted bits, except that a DM function at the receiving node may not need to take the one or more LSBs as an input (e.g., a polar-based DM may only need to run a fast Hadamard transform (FHT) function to recover the transmitted bits) . In this way, the source information (e.g., LSB values) may be used to construct the polar code, which may enable source compression and improved performance in a PAS system. For example, using the source information to construct the polar code may accelerate a polarization speed of the polar code and / or may improve source compression capabilities, which improves PAS performance.
[0094] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
[0095] Figs. 9A-9D are diagrams illustrating examples 900 associated with a source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS, in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, as described herein, Fig. 9A illustrates example operations that may be performed at a transmitting node to generate one or more shaped symbols using a source-based interleaver, and Fig. 9B illustrates example operations that may be performed at a receiver node to decode a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols using a source-based interleaver. Furthermore, although Figs. 9A-9B generally depict example operations that may be performed at a transmitting node and a receiving node for one-bit conditional shaping, Fig. 9C illustrates example techniques that may be applied to extend the source-based interleaver techniques to multi-level bit shaping. Furthermore, Fig. 9D illustrates example polar code construction techniques that may apply the source-based interleaver described herein.
[0096] In some aspects, as described herein, the transmitting node may generally receive or obtain an input bit vector that includes one or more bits to be transmitted to a receiving node over a wireless channel. For example, as described herein, the input bit vector, b, may include an MSB to be shaped, b1, and one or more LSBS, b2, b3, or the like, where b1 is the MSB with a length k, where b2, b3, or the like are LSBs with a length n, where k<n (e.g., the MSB, b1, has a length that is shorter than a length of the LSBs) , and an input LSB matrix is denoted Furthermore, as described herein, a shaped MSB with a length n (e.g., the length of the shaped MSB may correspond to a length of the LSBs) may be denoted and a power flip function is defined as g (b\1) =f2 (1, b\1) -f2 (0, b\1) , where f (·) is a bit-to-symbol mapping function and a jth element of the input bit vector, b, is denoted b (j) , corresponding to the jth column of the matrix b\1 (j) . In some aspects, the square of the bit-to-symbol mapping function, f2, may represent a power to transmit a bit with a given value, whereby the power flip function represents the difference between a first power associated with transmitting a bit with a value of one and a second power associated with transmitting a bit with a value of zero. Furthermore, an input vector, b, may include an MSB with a length k, which may be denoted as b1= [0 1 1 0 0, …, 1 0 ] , and an LSB matrix where each LSB information bit vector has a length n. In this example, the third element of the input bit vector, b, is denoted b\1 (3) , which corresponds to the third column of the LSB matrix (e.g., ) .
[0097] In some aspects, as shown in Fig. 9A, in a first operation 905, the transmitting node may generate, derive, or otherwise configure a symbol interleaver, ∏, that is used as an input to a DM function. For example, in some aspects, the transmitting node may receive an input bit vector, b, that includes an MSB to be shaped, b1, and an LSB matrix, B\1. Accordingly, in some aspects, the transmitting node may configure the symbol interleaver, ∏, in accordance with a sorted order of the LSB values associated with the LSB matrix and the associated power flip function. For example, Table 1 below provides a Gray mapping function used for 16 amplitude shift keying (16-ASK) modulation based on the LSB values.
[0098] Table 1: Example MSB and LSB values based on Gray mapping
[0099] In some aspects, the Gray mapping may provide a lookup table for determining the value of the power flip function for a given combination of LSB values:
[0100] Accordingly, based on the value of the power flip function for each combination of LSB values, the transmitting node may generate the symbol interleaver, ∏, that indicates a new symbol order according to the sorted values of g (b\1) . For example, based on the Gray mapping shown in Table 1, each index that is based on a given combination of LSB values may correspond to a value of the power flip function, as shown below in Table 2:
[0101] Table 2: Example power flip function values based on LSB values
[0102] In some aspects, the transmitting node may then use the LSB values and the associated values of the power flip function to configure the symbol interleaver that is used as the input to the DM function. For example, in some aspects, the symbol interleaver, ∏, may indicate a new symbol order based on the sorted values for the power flip function, g (b\1) . In some aspects, the symbol interleaver, ∏, may indicate the new symbol order based on an ascending order for the sorted values of the power flip function, g (b\1) . For example, in Table 2 above, indexes 1 and 3 (corresponding to ) have a lowest value of 32, indexes 4, 6, and 10 (corresponding to ) have a next lowest value of 96, indexes 5 and 8 (corresponding to ) have a next lowest value of 160, and indexes 2, 7, and 9 (corresponding to ) have a highest value of 224. Accordingly, in an example where the symbol interleaver is determined based on an ascending order for the sorted values of the power flip function, the symbol interleaver may be ∏= [1 3 4 6 10 5 8 2 7 9] . Alternatively, in an example where the symbol interleaver is determined based on an ascending order for the sorted values of the power flip function, the symbol interleaver may be ∏= [2 7 9 5 8 4 6 10 1 3] . Furthermore, in some aspects, the transmitting node may generate a corresponding deinterleaver, ∏-1, that may be used to deinterleave one or more shaped bits that are output by the DM. For example, in the example where the symbol interleaver is determined based on an ascending order for the sorted values of the power flip function, the deinterleaver may be ∏-1= [1 8 2 3 6 4 9 7 10 5] , where the first element in the deinterleaver indicates a position of index 1 within the symbol interleaver (e.g., the first element within the symbol interleaver) , the second element in the deinterleaver indicates a position of index 2 within the symbol interleaver (e.g., the eighth element within the symbol interleaver) , and the nth element in the deinterleaver indicates a position of index n within the symbol interleaver.
[0103] Accordingly, in a second operation 910, the transmitting node may use the interleaver to sort the input LSB matrix, such that the probability or entropy of the LSB matrix may be used to accelerate a polarization speed of a polar code that is constructed based on the input bit vector. For example, as described herein, the interleaver may be used to sort a symbol sequence associated with the LSB matrix to obtain a sorted LSB matrix, B\1 (∏) , that is then input to the DM function. Accordingly, in a third operation 915, the DM function may be used to perform distribution matching according to the MSB, b1, and the interleaved input LSB matrix, B\1 (∏) , to obtain which corresponds to a shaped version of the MSB with a length n (e.g., a length of each LSB information bit vector in the LSB matrix) . As further shown in Fig. 9A, in a fourth operation 920, the one or more shaped bits, are then input to the deinterleaver, ∏-1, which deinterleaves the shaped bits to obtain a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB(s) , which may be denoted As further shown in Fig. 9A, in a fifth operation 925, the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB (s) , ) , is input to a bit-to-symbol mapping function, f (·) , in addition to the LSB matrix, B\1, such that the bit-to-symbol mapping function may generate one or more shaped symbols, x. In some aspects, in a sixth operation 930, the transmitting node then transmits the one or more shaped symbols to a receiving node over a wireless channel.
[0104] As shown in Fig. 9B, the one or more shaped symbols may be received at the receiving node, which may perform one or more reciprocal operations to decode the transmission that includes the one or more shaped symbols using a source-based interleaver. For example, as shown by reference number 935 in Fig. 9B, the receiving node may receive the one or more shaped symbols, and may use an LLR demodulation function, a channel decoding function, and / or other suitable functions to obtain a set of inputs that includes the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB (s) , ) , and the LSB matrix, B\1. Accordingly, in a first operation 940, the receiving node may generate, derive, or otherwise configure a source interleaver, ∏, based on the LSB matrix using similar techniques as described above with respect to the transmitting node. In some aspects, the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB (s) , ) , may be input to the interleaver, which may generate an output, corresponding to a shaped MSB with a length n. As shown in Fig. 9B, the shaped MSB, may be input to an inverse DM function that generates the MSB as an output, such that an output 945 at the receiving node includes the MSB, b1, and the LSB matrix, B\1.
[0105] Accordingly, as described herein, the transmitting node may construct a polar code according to a probability of the one or more LSBs (e.g., as indicated in the LSB matrix) , and a conditional probability of the shaped bits for a given combination of LSB values. For example, a total symbol length of all LSB hypotheses, is a fixed value, where represents a length of a symbol with an LSB hypothesis equal to b\1. In some aspects, the transmitting node and / or the receiving node may derive a conditional probability for different LSBs (e.g., for different b2, b3) , and a corresponding transition probability may then be assigned to different symmetric channels for polar code construction. For example, for polar code construction based on mutual-information-based density evolution (MI-DE) , the capacity of conditional probabilities may be assigned into the polar code construction, where the length of a symmetric channel can correspond to the average length of the LSBs (e.g., for four hypotheses, where the same code is used for all setups) . Additionally, or alternatively, the length of a symmetric channel can correspond to the actual length of LSBs (e.g., can vary for the polar code construction, where different polar codes are constructed per LSB length setup) .
[0106] In some aspects, as shown by reference number 950 in Fig. 9C, the source-based interleaving / deinterleaving techniques described herein may be extended to shaping multiple bit levels, where one or more LSBs may be initially shaped using one or more DM functions. For example, in cases where there are multiple bit levels to be shaped, the input LSB matrix may be denoted with a size (m-1, kl) shaped by the DM function (e.g., a polar-based DM, a CCDM, or another suitable DM function) that generates one or more shaped LSBs, with a size (m-1, n) . Accordingly, a probability massive function may impact the construction of the polar-code-based DM function for the MSB. In particular, for an averaged length to construct the code is given by
[0107] In some aspects, referring to Fig. 9D, examples 955 and 960 depict techniques for constructing or generating a polar code based on an input associated with an averaged BSC. For example, example 955 depicts a scenario where an input to a polar code construction function includes a first input based on a first combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g., n (0, 1) length a second input based on a second combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g., n (0, 0) length athird input based on a third combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g., n (1, 0) length and a fourth input based on a fourth combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g., n (1, 1) length Additionally, or alternatively, example 960 depicts a polar code construction based on MI-DE techniques, where the input to the polar code construction function includes a first input based on the first combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g., a second input based on the second combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g., a third input based on the third combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g., 1- and a fourth input based on the fourth combination of values for the LSB matrix (e.g.,
[0108] In some aspects, the source-based interleaver techniques (and corresponding deinterleaver techniques) may be used in cases where a shaping overhead satisfies a threshold and / or a modulation order satisfies a threshold. For example, when a Gray mapping is used and the LSB matrix is more uniform in the associated distribution, the length of the LSB regime may be roughly the same. Alternatively, when the MSB has a more biased distribution, the bias may be reflected in the capacity of the associated BSC. Additionally, or alternatively, when a natural mapping is applied and the length of the LSB is more biased, the length of the MSB may be more uniform. Accordingly, for a low shaping overhead, the polar code construction result (e.g., the resulting location (s) of the shaping bit (s) ) may be the same or nearly the same as a medium to high shaping overhead (e.g., the best polarized channel remains the same despite the higher shaping overhead) . Additionally, or alternatively, for a medium to high shaping overhead, there may be more margin to improve performance, as one or more subchannels may have a larger polarization speed with assistance from a biased input distribution (e.g., the source-based interleaver and polar construction approach described herein may be used only in cases where the shaping overhead satisfies a threshold) . Additionally, or alternatively, a higher order modulation may be associated with more bit levels, which may result in MSB and / or LSB probabilities with increased biases. Accordingly, in some aspects, the source-based interleaver techniques (and corresponding deinterleaver techniques) described herein may be used in cases where the modulation order satisfies a threshold (e.g., equals or exceeds 256 QAM) .
[0109] Furthermore, in cases where a polar code construction is based on an averaged BSC for a conditional based probability, the polar code construction is also associated with a probability of the prior BSC. For example, if the prior probability, is equal for all then the capacity of the averaged BSC channel may be represented as where m is the number of bits carried per in-phase / quadrature (I / Q) dimension for a Q-array ASK, where Q=2^m (e.g., 8-ASK can carry m=3 bits per symbol) . Additionally, or alternatively, if the prior probability is different (e.g., then the expectation is that the prior probability is taken as the input to calculate the averaged BSC capacity (e.g., the capacity of the averaged BSC channel is 1-
[0110] As indicated above, Figs. 9A-9D are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 9A-9D.
[0111] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a transmitting node or an apparatus of a transmitting node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the transmitting node (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110) performs operations associated with a source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS.
[0112] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include interleaving an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix (block 1010) . For example, the transmitting node (e.g., using communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may interleave an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix, as described above.
[0113] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include performing distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector (block 1020) . For example, the transmitting node (e.g., using communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may perform distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector, as described above.
[0114] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include generating one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB (block 1030) . For example, the transmitting node (e.g., using communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may generate one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB, as described above.
[0115] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel (block 1040) . For example, the transmitting node (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel, as described above.
[0116] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0117] In a first aspect, process 1000 includes generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for one or more conditional bit level probabilities, wherein the sorted values for the one or more conditional bit level probabilities correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes, and wherein the symbol interleaver is used to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix.
[0118] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1000 includes constructing a polar code for a distribution matcher that performs the distribution matching, wherein the polar code is constructed based on the one or more conditional bit level probabilities and a length of the LSB information bit vectors that are associated with the respective indexes.
[0119] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the one or more conditional bit level probabilities are associated with a power flip function, and a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.
[0120] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.
[0121] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.
[0122] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 1000 includes deinterleaving the shaped MSB to obtain the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB using a deinterleaver that is an inverse of the symbol interleaver.
[0123] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the one or more shaped symbols are generated using a bit-to-symbol mapping function.
[0124] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, a length of the MSB information bit vector is less than a length of the one or more LSB information bit vectors.
[0125] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the LSB matrix is interleaved to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix used in the distribution matching responsive to a shaping overhead associated with the wireless channel satisfying a threshold.
[0126] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the LSB matrix is interleaved to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix used in the distribution matching responsive to a modulation order satisfying a threshold.
[0127] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0128] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a receiving node or an apparatus of a receiving node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example where the apparatus or the receiving node (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110) performs operations associated with source-based interleaver and code design for polar-code-based PAS.
[0129] As shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols (block 1110) . For example, the receiving node (e.g., using reception component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may receive, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols, as described above.
[0130] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include decoding the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors (block 1120) . For example, the receiving node (e.g., using communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may decode the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors, as described above.
[0131] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes (block 1130) . For example, the receiving node (e.g., using communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may generate a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes, as described above.
[0132] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include obtaining, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB (block 1140) . For example, the receiving node (e.g., using reception component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may obtain, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB, as described above.
[0133] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include performing inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission (block 1150) . For example, the receiving node (e.g., using communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may perform inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission, as described above.
[0134] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0135] In a first aspect, a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.
[0136] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.
[0137] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.
[0138] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the transmission is decoded using a fast Hadamard transform (FHT) function to obtain the first input and the second input.
[0139] Although Fig. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
[0140] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a transmitter node, or a transmitter node may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204.
[0141] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 9A-9D. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components of the transmitter node described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0142] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter node described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0143] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202 in one or more transceivers.
[0144] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0145] In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 may interleave an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix; perform distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector; generate one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and transmit the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.
[0146] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0147] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1300 may be a receiver node, or a receiver node may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a reception component 1302, a transmission component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 is the communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1308, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1302 and the transmission component 1304.
[0148] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 9A-9D. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may include one or more components of the receiver node described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0149] The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1308. The reception component 1302 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the receiver node described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0150] The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the receiver node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may be co-located with the reception component 1302 in one or more transceivers.
[0151] The communication manager 1306 may support operations of the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1302 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1304. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0152] In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 may receive, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols; decode the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors; generate a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes; obtain, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and perform inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.
[0153] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 13 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 13. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 13 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 13.
[0154] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0155] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a transmitting node, comprising: interleaving an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix; performing distribution matching to obtain a shaped MSB according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector; generating one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and transmitting the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.
[0156] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for one or more conditional bit level probabilities, wherein the sorted values for the one or more conditional bit level probabilities correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes, and wherein the symbol interleaver is used to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix.
[0157] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, further comprising: constructing a polar code for a distribution matcher that performs the distribution matching, wherein the polar code is constructed based on the one or more conditional bit level probabilities and a length of the LSB information bit vectors that are associated with the respective indexes.
[0158] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the one or more conditional bit level probabilities are associated with a power flip function, and wherein a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.
[0159] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.
[0160] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.
[0161] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 2, further comprising: deinterleaving the shaped MSB to obtain the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB using a deinterleaver that is an inverse of the symbol interleaver.
[0162] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the one or more shaped symbols are generated using a bit-to-symbol mapping function.
[0163] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein a length of the MSB information bit vector is less than a length of the one or more LSB information bit vectors.
[0164] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the LSB matrix is interleaved to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix used in the distribution matching responsive to a shaping overhead associated with the wireless channel satisfying a threshold.
[0165] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the LSB matrix is interleaved to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix used in the distribution matching responsive to a modulation order satisfying a threshold.
[0166] Aspect 12: A method of wireless communication performed by a receiving node, comprising: receiving, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols; decoding the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped MSB and a second input corresponding to an LSB matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors; generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes; obtaining, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; and performing inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.
[0167] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.
[0168] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 12-13, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.
[0169] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 12-14, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.
[0170] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 12-15, wherein the transmission is decoded using an FHT function to obtain the first input and the second input.
[0171] Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0172] Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0173] Aspect 19: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0174] Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0175] Aspect 21: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0176] Aspect 22: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0177] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-16.
[0178] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0179] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, since those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.
[0180] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0181] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.
[0182] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a +a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0183] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) .
Claims
1.A transmitting node for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the transmitting node to:interleave a least significant bit (LSB) matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix;perform distribution matching to obtain a shaped most significant bit (MSB) according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector;generate one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; andtransmit the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.2.The transmitting node of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting node to:generate a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for one or more conditional bit level probabilities, wherein the sorted values for the one or more conditional bit level probabilities correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes, and wherein the symbol interleaver is used to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix.3.The transmitting node of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting node to:construct a polar code for a distribution matcher that performs the distribution matching, wherein the polar code is constructed based on the one or more conditional bit level probabilities and a length of the LSB information bit vectors that are associated with the respective indexes.4.The transmitting node of claim 2, wherein the one or more conditional bit level probabilities are associated with a power flip function, and wherein a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.5.The transmitting node of claim 4, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.6.The transmitting node of claim 4, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.7.The transmitting node of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting node to:deinterleave the shaped MSB to obtain the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB using a deinterleaver that is an inverse of the symbol interleaver.8.The transmitting node of claim 1, wherein the one or more shaped symbols are generated using a bit-to-symbol mapping function.9.The transmitting node of claim 1, wherein a length of the MSB information bit vector is less than a length of the one or more LSB information bit vectors.10.The transmitting node of claim 1, wherein the LSB matrix is interleaved to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix used in the distribution matching responsive to a shaping overhead associated with the wireless channel satisfying a threshold.11.The transmitting node of claim 1, wherein the LSB matrix is interleaved to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix used in the distribution matching responsive to a modulation order satisfying a threshold.12.A receiving node for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the receiving node to:receive, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols;decode the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped most significant bit (MSB) and a second input corresponding to a least significant bit (LSB) matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors;generate a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes;obtain, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; andperform inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.13.The receiving node of claim 12, wherein a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.14.The receiving node of claim 12, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.15.The receiving node of claim 12, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.16.The receiving node of claim 12, wherein the transmission is decoded using a fast Hadamard transform (FHT) function to obtain the first input and the second input.17.A method for wireless communication performed by a transmitting node, comprising:interleaving a least significant bit (LSB) matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors to obtain a sorted version of the LSB matrix;performing distribution matching to obtain a shaped most significant bit (MSB) according to the sorted version of the LSB matrix and according to an MSB information bit vector;generating one or more shaped symbols according to the LSB matrix and according to a deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; andtransmitting the one or more shaped symbols over a wireless channel.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising:generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for one or more conditional bit level probabilities, wherein the sorted values for the one or more conditional bit level probabilities correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes, and wherein the symbol interleaver is used to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix.19.The method of claim 18, further comprising:constructing a polar code for a distribution matcher that performs the distribution matching, wherein the polar code is constructed based on the one or more conditional bit level probabilities and a length of the LSB information bit vectors that are associated with the respective indexes.20.The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more conditional bit level probabilities are associated with a power flip function, and wherein a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.22.The method of claim 20, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.23.The method of claim 18, further comprising:deinterleaving the shaped MSB to obtain the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB using a deinterleaver that is an inverse of the symbol interleaver.24.The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more shaped symbols are generated using a bit-to-symbol mapping function.25.The method of claim 17, wherein a length of the MSB information bit vector is less than a length of the one or more LSB information bit vectors.26.The method of claim 17, wherein the LSB matrix is interleaved to obtain the sorted version of the LSB matrix used in the distribution matching responsive to one or more of a shaping overhead associated with the wireless channel or a modulation order satisfying a threshold.27.A method for wireless communication performed by a receiving node, comprising:receiving, over a wireless channel, a transmission that includes one or more shaped symbols;decoding the transmission to obtain, from the one or more shaped symbols, a first input corresponding to a deinterleaved version of a shaped most significant bit (MSB) and a second input corresponding to a least significant bit (LSB) matrix that includes one or more LSB information bit vectors;generating a symbol interleaver according to sorted values for a power flip function, wherein the sorted values for the power flip function correspond to values for the one or more LSB information bit vectors that are associated with respective indexes;obtaining, using the symbol interleaver, the shaped MSB according to the first input corresponding to the deinterleaved version of the shaped MSB; andperforming inverse distribution matching on the shaped MSB to obtain an output corresponding to an MSB information bit vector of the transmission.28.The method of claim 27, wherein a value of the power flip function, for a column in the LSB matrix that is associated with a given index, is related to a difference between a first transmission energy for transmission of a value of one and a second transmission energy for transmission of a value of zero for the column in the LSB matrix that is associated with the given index.29.The method of claim 27, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in an ascending order.30.The method of claim 27, wherein the symbol interleaver defines a symbol order for the respective indexes according to the sorted values for the power flip function in a descending order.
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