Opaque vehicle composite pane with sun protection coating and heat ray-reflective coating

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle composite pane (100) at least comprising an outer pane (1) with an exterior surface (I) and an interior surface (II); an inner pane (2) with an exterior surface (III) and an interior surface (IV); and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), a sun protection coating (4) is arranged on the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1), a heat ray-reflective coating (5) is arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and / or the inner pane (2) is tinted, the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and the inner pane (2) together with the heat ray-reflective coating (5) arranged on the interior surface (IV) have a degree of light transmission TL3+2+5 of less than 0.5%, the outer pane (1) has a degree of light transmission TL1 of more than 90%, and the vehicle composite pane (100) has a degree of total transmitted thermal radiation TTS100 of maximally 13%.

Description

[0001] OPAQUE VEHICLE LAMINATED WINDOW WITH SUN PROTECTION COATING AND HEAT REFLECTING COATING

[0002] The invention relates to an opaque vehicle composite window with a sun protection coating and a heat-ray reflecting coating, a method for its production and its use.

[0003] It is known to provide transparent vehicle composite windows with sun protection coatings and heat-reflecting coatings in order to prevent excessive heating of the vehicle interior and to reduce heat absorption of the vehicle composite window.

[0004] DE 19927683 C1 discloses a laminated glass pane comprising at least two glass panes and a transparent composite layer connecting them, and with a sun protection layer that essentially reflects rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays. The laminated glass pane is provided on its surface facing an interior with a further, transparent, essentially heat-reflecting coating (low-E layer) that is spatially separated from the sun protection layer. The object of DE 19927683 C1 is to provide a laminated glass pane with sun protection properties, in which, at low outside temperatures, heat absorption from the vehicle interior is significantly reduced by large-area glazing. The light transmission through the laminated glass pane is, for example, 31%.

[0005] WO 2019 / 110172 A1 discloses a composite pane comprising an outer pane with an outside surface and an inside surface, an inner pane with an outside surface and an inside surface and a thermoplastic intermediate layer which connects the inside surface of the outer pane to the outside surface of the inner pane, wherein the composite pane has at least one sun protection coating between the outer pane and the inner pane, which substantially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, and wherein the composite pane has a heat radiation reflecting coating on the inside surface of the inner pane, wherein the composite pane has a transmission index A of 0.02 to 0.08, wherein the transmission index A is determined according to the following formula A = TL composite giasscheibe / (TLLowE-coated disc * TE), where TL is the light transmittance and TE is the energy transmittance measured according to ISO 9050.

[0006] Vehicles with sunroofs require different body shapes and therefore different production lines and tools than vehicles with metal roofs.

[0007] Limiting the production of vehicles with sunroofs to avoid different production lines and tools would disadvantage end users who prefer an opaque roof.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of providing an opaque vehicle composite window with good thermal properties.

[0009] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a vehicle composite pane according to claim 1. The vehicle composite pane according to the invention comprises an outer pane with an outer surface and an interior surface, an inner pane with an outer surface and an interior surface, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. The vehicle composite pane has a sun protection coating on the interior surface of the outer pane, which substantially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays. In addition, the vehicle composite pane has a heat-reflecting coating on the interior surface of the inner pane. The thermoplastic intermediate layer and / or the inner pane is tinted.

[0010] According to the invention, the outer pane has a light transmittance of more than 90%, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane with the heat-reflecting coating arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane together have a light transmittance of less than 0.5%, and the vehicle composite pane has a maximum total transmitted heat radiation level of 13%. It is understood that the vehicle composite pane has a light transmittance of less than 0.5%, since the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane with the heat-reflecting coating arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane together have a light transmittance of less than 0.5%.

[0011] The light transmittance of the outer pane is referred to as TLi. The light transmittance of the combination of the thermoplastic interlayer and the inner pane with a heat-reflecting coating applied to the interior surface of the inner pane is referred to as TL3+2+5. The light transmittance of the composite vehicle pane is referred to as TL100. The total transmitted thermal radiation of the composite vehicle pane is referred to as TTS100. The light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer is referred to as TL3. The light transmittance of the inner pane with a heat-reflecting coating applied to the interior surface of the inner pane is referred to as TL2+5.The light transmittance of the outer pane with a solar control coating applied to the interior surface of the outer pane is hereinafter referred to as TLI+4.

[0012] The values ​​for light transmission (TL) refer (as is usual for automotive glazing) to light type A, i.e. the visible part of sunlight at a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0013] For the purposes of the invention, the term “opaque vehicle composite pane” refers to a vehicle composite pane which has a light transmission of less than 0.5%.

[0014] The degree of total transmitted thermal radiation from the sun through the vehicle's composite window represents a measure of the specific sun protection and is measured, for example, according to ISO 13837.

[0015] The vehicle composite pane according to the invention is characterized by very good thermal properties. As described above, the degree of total transmitted thermal radiation of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention is a maximum of 13%. The vehicle composite pane is intended to separate the interior of a vehicle from the outside environment in a window opening. The vehicle composite pane is a laminate and comprises a first and a second pane, which are referred to as the outer pane and the inner pane in the context of the invention and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer. In the context of the invention, the inner pane refers to the pane facing the interior in the installed position. The outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment in the installed position.For the purposes of the invention, the interior-side surface (or inner side or inner surface) is understood to be the surface of the panes that faces the interior in the installed position. For the purposes of the invention, the exterior-side surface (or outer side or outer surface) is understood to be the surface of the panes that faces the exterior environment in the installed position.

[0016] The surfaces of the glass panes are typically referred to as follows:

[0017] The outside of the outer pane is called Side I. The inside of the outer pane is called Side II. The outside of the inner pane is called Side III. The inside of the inner pane is called Side IV.

[0018] The interior surface of the outer pane and the exterior surface of the inner pane face each other and are connected to each other by means of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

[0019] As described above, in the composite vehicle window according to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and / or the inner pane are tinted. Thus, in a composite vehicle window according to the invention, either the thermoplastic intermediate layer is tinted and the inner pane is clear, or the thermoplastic intermediate layer is clear and the inner pane is tinted, or both the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane are tinted.

[0020] In preferred embodiments of the composite vehicle window according to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is tinted and has a light transmittance of less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.3%, particularly preferably less than 0.1%, most preferably 0.0%. In these embodiments, the inner pane can be either clear or also tinted. In further preferred embodiments of the composite vehicle window according to the invention, the inner pane is tinted and the inner pane with the heat-ray reflecting coating arranged on the interior-side surface has a light transmittance of less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.3%, particularly preferably less than 0.1%. In these embodiments, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be either clear or also tinted.

[0021] If the thermoplastic interlayer is tinted, it contains a dye. The dye can be, for example, an ink or a color pigment. In particular, the thermoplastic interlayer contains a color pigment.

[0022] If the inner pane is tinted, it contains an ink or dye. The dye can be an ink or a color pigment, for example. In particular, the inner pane contains a color pigment.

[0023] Suitable inks or color pigments are known to those skilled in the art, so they will not be discussed in detail below. The dye is particularly preferably carbon black.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle composite pane according to the invention has a light transmittance of less than 0.3%, particularly preferably less than 0.1%.

[0025] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the vehicle composite pane according to the invention has a light transmittance of 0.0%, so that in this embodiment no light can pass through the vehicle composite pane.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle composite pane has a degree of total transmitted thermal radiation of less than 12%.

[0027] As described above, according to the invention the thermoplastic intermediate layer and / or the inner pane is tinted. This is preferably a black tint, although tints of other colors are also possible. For example, the tint can be adapted to the vehicle body surrounding the composite vehicle pane when the composite vehicle pane is installed in a vehicle. The sun protection coating extends essentially over the entire surface of the composite vehicle pane, i.e. over the entire surface or over the entire surface with the exception of a surrounding edge region. The surrounding edge region has a width of up to 20 cm, for example. It prevents direct contact between the sun protection coating and the surrounding atmosphere, so that the sun protection coating inside the composite vehicle pane is protected from corrosion and damage.

[0028] The sun protection coating is designed to filter out portions of solar radiation, particularly in the infrared range. The sun protection coating is therefore preferably an infrared-reflecting coating, in particular an infrared-reflecting coating containing a metallic layer. The sun protection coating preferably comprises at least one thin, transparent metallic layer embedded between at least two dielectric layers. Silver has emerged as the preferred metal for the metallic layer. The dielectric layers' refractive indices improve the optical properties of the coated pane and protect the metallic functional layer from oxidation.Such solar control coatings, which can be produced using reactive sputtering, for example, are widely used in glazing for buildings, but also in motor vehicles. In most cases, coating systems with two silver functional layers are used, but sometimes three or four silver functional layers are used, with the silver functional layers each embedded between two dielectric layers.

[0029] The dielectric layers are preferably formed on the basis of dielectric oxides or nitrides, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, SiO2, TiO2 or SiAg^

[0030] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sun protection coating has at least the following layers or layer sequences, which are arranged in the specified order starting from the outer pane to the inner pane: a first dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M1, a first silver layer Ag1, a second dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M2, a second silver layer Ag2, a third dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M3, a third silver layer Ag3 and a fourth dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M4. In this embodiment, the coating can comprise further silver layers and dielectric modules which are arranged above the fourth dielectric module M4. In addition to the silver layers, other metal-containing layers can be present which do not contribute significantly to the sun protection properties of the coating but serve a different purpose.This applies in particular to metallic blocker layers with geometric thicknesses of less than 1 nm, which are preferably arranged between the silver layer and the dielectric modules.

[0031] The silver layers provide the sun protection coating with its fundamental IR-reflecting effect. The term "silver layer" refers to a layer formed on the basis of silver. The silver layers are formed on the basis of silver. The silver layers preferably contain at least 90 wt.% silver, more preferably at least 99 wt.% silver, most preferably at least 99.9 wt.% silver. The silver layers can contain dopants, for example, palladium, gold, copper, or aluminum.

[0032] In one embodiment, all dielectric layers have a refractive index greater than 1.8, preferably greater than 1.9. In other words, all dielectric layers or layer sequences of the dielectric modules are formed exclusively from dielectric layers with a refractive index greater than 1.8. The dielectric layers can, for example, be based on silicon nitride, silicon-metal mixed nitrides (such as silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), silicon-aluminum mixed nitride, silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride), aluminum nitride (AlN), tin oxide (SnO), manganese oxide (MnO), tungsten oxide (WO3), niobium oxide (Nb205), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) or tin-zinc mixed oxide (SnZnO).

[0033] Refractive indices in the context of the present invention are generally given relative to a wavelength of 550 nm. The materials mentioned in the present description can be deposited stoichiometrically, substoichiometrically, or superstoichiometrically. The materials can contain dopants, in particular aluminum, boron, zirconium, or titanium. The dopants can provide dielectric materials with a certain electrical conductivity. However, those skilled in the art will identify them as dielectric layers in terms of their function, as is common in the field of thin layers. The material of the dielectric layers preferably has an electrical conductivity (inverse of the resistivity) of less than 10' 4 S / m. The material of the silver layers preferably has an electrical conductivity of greater than 10 4 S / m on.

[0034] The first dielectric module, the second dielectric module, the third dielectric module, and / or the fourth dielectric module preferably contain a dielectric layer acting as an anti-reflective layer. In an advantageous embodiment, each dielectric module contains a dielectric layer acting as an anti-reflective layer. The anti-reflective layers reduce the reflection of visible light and thus increase the transparency of the coated pane. The anti-reflective layers are formed, for example, based on silicon nitride (SiSn), silicon oxide (SiCh), silicon oxynitrides, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), aluminum nitride (AlN), or tin oxide (SnO). The anti-reflective layers can also contain doping. The anti-reflective layers preferably have geometric thicknesses of 5 nm to 100 nm, particularly preferably of 10 nm to 60 nm.

[0035] In an advantageous embodiment, one or more dielectric modules have a first adaptation layer, preferably at least each dielectric module, which is arranged below a silver layer. The first adaptation layer is preferably arranged above the anti-reflective layer. The first adaptation layer is preferably arranged directly below the first silver layer so that it has direct contact with the respective silver layer. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the crystallinity of the silver layer. In an advantageous embodiment, one or more dielectric modules have a second adaptation layer, preferably each dielectric module, which is arranged above a silver layer. The second adaptation layer is preferably arranged below the anti-reflective layer.

[0036] The first adaptation layer and / or the second adaptation layer preferably contains zinc oxide (ZnO). The first adaptation layer and / or the second adaptation layer further preferably contains dopants. The first adaptation layer and / or the second adaptation layer can, for example, contain aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al). The zinc oxide is preferably deposited substoichiometrically with respect to oxygen to prevent a reaction of excess oxygen with the silver-containing layer. The geometric layer thicknesses of the first adaptation layer and the second adaptation layer are preferably from 5 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 20 nm.In an advantageous embodiment, one or more dielectric modules have at least one dielectric layer as a smoothing layer, preferably each dielectric module which is arranged between two silver layers, particularly preferably additionally also the lowermost first dielectric module. The at least one smoothing layer is arranged below the first adaptation layers, preferably between the anti-reflective layer and the first adaptation layer, if such a first adaptation layer is present. The smoothing layer is particularly preferably in direct contact with the first adaptation layer. The smoothing layer effects an optimization, in particular smoothing of the surface for a silver layer subsequently applied above. A silver layer deposited on a smoother surface has a higher transmittance and, at the same time, a lower sheet resistance.The geometric layer thickness of a smoothing layer is preferably from 5 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably from 5 nm to 12 nm. The smoothing layer preferably has a refractive index of less than 2.2.

[0037] The smoothing layer preferably contains at least one non-crystalline oxide. The oxide can be amorphous or partially amorphous (and thus partially crystalline), but is not completely crystalline. The non-crystalline smoothing layer has low roughness and thus forms an advantageously smooth surface for the layers to be applied above the smoothing layer. The non-crystalline smoothing layer further effects an improved surface structure of the layer deposited directly above the smoothing layer, which is preferably the first adaptation layer. The smoothing layer can, for example, contain at least one oxide of one or more of the elements tin, silicon, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, gallium, and indium. The smoothing layer particularly preferably contains a non-crystalline mixed oxide. The smoothing layer very particularly preferably contains a tin-zinc mixed oxide (ZnSnO). The mixed oxide can contain dopants.The smoothing layer can, for example, contain an antimony-doped tin-zinc mixed oxide. The mixed oxide preferably has a substoichiometric oxygen content.

[0038] In an advantageous embodiment, the sun protection coating comprises one or more blocker layers. Preferably, at least one blocker layer is assigned to at least one, particularly preferably each, silver layer. The blocker layer is in direct contact with the silver layer and is arranged directly above or directly below the silver layer. Therefore, no further layer is arranged between the silver layer and the associated blocker layer. A blocker layer can also be arranged directly above and directly below a silver layer. The blocker layer preferably contains niobium, titanium, nickel, chromium and / or alloys thereof, particularly preferably nickel-chromium alloys. The geometric layer thickness of the blocker layer is preferably from 0.1 nm to 1.5 nm, particularly preferably from 0.1 nm to 1.0 nm.A blocking layer directly beneath a silver layer serves primarily to stabilize the silver layer during heat treatment and improves the optical quality of the solar control coating. A blocking layer directly above a silver layer prevents contact of the sensitive silver layer with the oxidizing reactive atmosphere during the deposition of the subsequent layer by reactive sputtering, for example, the second matching layer.

[0039] If a layer is formed on the basis of a material, the layer consists predominantly of this material in addition to any impurities or dopants. If a first layer is arranged above a second layer, this means, within the meaning of the invention, that the first layer is arranged further away from the substrate to which the coating is applied than the second layer. If a first layer is arranged below a second layer, this means, within the meaning of the invention, that the second layer is arranged further away from the substrate than the first layer. If a first layer is arranged above or below a second layer, this does not necessarily mean, within the meaning of the invention, that the first and second layers are in direct contact with one another. One or more further layers can be arranged between the first and second layers, unless this is explicitly excluded.

[0040] Suitable sun protection coatings are known, for example, from WO2013 / 104439A1, DE 19927683C1, WQ2019 / 110172A1 or WO2022 / 112231 A1.

[0041] As an alternative to inorganic, particularly silver-based, coatings, the sun protection coating can also be based on a non-metallic, organic layer. In this case, the sun protection coating is preferably a stack of several, typically several hundred, organic layers with different or alternating refractive indices. The stack is a birefringent dielectric interference stack that reflects IR radiation due to interference effects. Such organic coatings have the advantage of greater color neutrality and higher light transmission compared to metallic coatings. Furthermore, they do not interfere with the transmission of electromagnetic signals. Such sun protection coatings on PET carrier films are supplied, for example, by 3M under the brand name "Ultra-Clear Solar Film."According to the invention, a heat-reflecting coating is applied to the interior-side surface of the inner pane. Such coatings are known, for example, from WO2013 / 131667A1. The heat-reflecting coating can also be referred to as a low-emissivity coating, emissivity-reducing coating, low-E coating, or low-E layer. Its purpose is to reflect thermal radiation, in particular IR radiation, which has a longer wavelength than the IR component of solar radiation. At low outside temperatures, the low-E coating reflects heat back into the interior and reduces the cooling of the interior. At high outside temperatures, the low-E coating reflects the thermal radiation from the heated vehicle composite pane to the outside and reduces the heating of the interior.On the inside of the inner pane, the coating according to the invention particularly effectively reduces the emission of heat radiation from the pane into the interior in summer and the radiation of heat into the outside environment in winter.

[0042] The heat-reflecting coating extends essentially over the entire surface of the composite vehicle window, i.e., over the entire surface or over the entire surface except for a surrounding edge area. The surrounding edge area has, for example, a width of up to 20 cm. Particularly preferably, the heat-reflecting coating extends over the entire surface of the composite vehicle window.

[0043] The heat-reflecting coating preferably comprises a functional layer containing a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony- or fluorine-doped tin oxide, or gallium- or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga or ZnO:Al), with indium tin oxide being preferred. However, the functional layer can also contain other electrically conductive oxides, for example fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Sb), indium-zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate, or zinc stannate. This achieves particularly good results with regard to the emissivity and flexibility of the coating according to the invention. The refractive index of the material of the functional layer is preferably 1.7 to 2.5.

[0044] The indium tin oxide is preferably deposited by magnetic-field-assisted cathode sputtering using an indium tin oxide target. The target preferably contains 75 wt.% to 95 wt.% indium oxide and 5 wt.% to 25 wt.% tin oxide, as well as manufacturing-related impurities. The tin-doped indium oxide is preferably deposited under a protective gas atmosphere, for example, argon. A small amount of oxygen can also be added to the protective gas, for example, to improve the homogeneity of the functional layer.

[0045] Alternatively, the target may preferably contain at least 75 wt.% to 95 wt.% indium and 5 wt.% to 25 wt.% tin. The deposition of the indium tin oxide is then preferably carried out with the addition of oxygen as a reaction gas during cathode sputtering.

[0046] The heat-reflecting coating also typically comprises dielectric layers, in particular formed from dielectric oxides or nitrides, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, TiO2, SiO2 or Si3N4.

[0047] The thickness of the functional layer is preferably 40 nm to 200 nm, particularly preferably 60 nm to 150 nm and very particularly preferably 65 nm to 85 nm, for example about 75 nm. In this thickness range, a particularly advantageous ability of the heat-reflecting coating to withstand mechanical transformation such as bending or tempering without damage is achieved.

[0048] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the heat-ray reflecting coating consists, starting from the interior-side surface, of a SiA N layer between 25 nm and 35 nm thick, a SiO2 layer between 10 nm and 20 nm thick, an indium tin oxide layer between 65 nm and 75 nm thick, a SiA N layer between 8 nm and 12 nm thick, and a SiO2 layer between 45 nm and 55 nm thick.

[0049] The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably formed independently of one another from glass or plastic, preferably soda-lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, polycarbonate, or polymethacrylate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the outer pane and the inner pane are made of glass.

[0050] The outer and / or inner pane preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 4 mm, particularly preferably 1.6 mm to about 2.1 mm, independently of one another. The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), and / or mixtures thereof and / or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral. It is understood that a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer as described above comprises a dye.

[0051] The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably has a thickness of about 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

[0052] The present invention also relates to a method for producing a vehicle composite pane according to the invention, wherein the method comprises at least the following steps: a) Providing a stacking sequence comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an interior surface, an inner pane with an outer surface and an interior surface, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, a sun protection coating is arranged on the interior surface of the outer pane, a heat-reflecting coating is arranged on the interior surface of the inner pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and / or the inner pane is tinted,the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane with the heat-reflecting coating arranged on the interior surface of the inner pane together have a light transmittance of less than 0.5% and the outer pane has a light transmittance of more than 90%, b) lamination of the stacking sequence.

[0053] Lamination is preferably carried out under the influence of heat, vacuum, and / or pressure. Known lamination processes can be used, for example, autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof.

[0054] The present invention also relates to the use of the composite vehicle pane according to the invention in vehicles for land, air, or water transport, preferably as a roof pane, particularly preferably as a roof pane of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way.

[0055] It shows:

[0056] Fig. 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention.

[0057] Fig. 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the composite vehicle pane 100 according to the invention. The composite vehicle pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The composite vehicle pane 100 has, for example, a size of approximately

[0058] In the 2 and is intended as a roof window of a passenger car, wherein the outer pane 1 is intended to face the outside environment, and the inner pane 2 is intended to face the vehicle interior. The outer pane 1 has an outside surface 1 and an interior surface

[0059] II. The inner pane 2 has an outer surface III and an interior surface IV. The outer surfaces I and III face the outside environment in the installed position, and the interior surfaces II and IV face the vehicle interior in the installed position. The interior surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 face each other. The outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 contain, for example, soda-lime glass and each have a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 contains or consists, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has, for example, a thickness of 0.76 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 is tinted and has a light transmission TL3 of 0.0%.

[0060] A sun protection coating 4 is applied to the interior-side surface II of the outer pane 1. The sun protection coating 4 extends over the entire interior-side surface II, minus a surrounding frame-shaped coating-free area with a width of 8 mm. The coating-free area is hermetically sealed by bonding to the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The sun protection coating 4 is thus advantageously protected against damage and corrosion. A heat-reflecting coating 5 is applied to the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 2.The heat radiation reflecting coating 5 consists, for example, starting from the interior side surface, of a SiA N layer between 25 nm to 35 nm thick, a SiO2 layer between 10 nm to 20 nm thick, an indium tin oxide layer between 65 nm to 75 nm thick, a SiA N layer between 8 nm to 12 nm thick and a SiO2 layer between 45 nm and 55 nm thick.

[0061] The inner pane 2 is made of gray-tinted glass, and the light transmittance TL2+5 of the inner pane 2 with the heat-reflecting coating 5 applied to its interior-facing surface IV is, for example, 27.8%. It is understood that the inner pane 2 can alternatively also be made of clear glass. The outer pane 1 is made of clear glass and has, for example, a light transmittance TL1 of 91%.

[0062] The sun protection coating 4 reduces the heating of the vehicle interior and the inner pane 2 due to the reflection of infrared radiation. The heat-reflecting coating 5 reduces the emission of heat radiation through the composite vehicle pane into the vehicle interior, particularly at high outside temperatures. The heat-reflecting coating 5 also reduces the emission of heat radiation from the vehicle interior at low outside temperatures.

[0063] The sun protection coating 4 is designed, for example, as a coating comprising three functional silver layers. For example, the sun protection coating is designed as described in WO 2022 / 112231 A1.

[0064] The invention is explained in more detail below using non-limiting embodiments and comparative examples with reference to Fig. 1. Table 1

[0065] They mean:

[0066] TLi: Light transmittance of the outer pane 1

[0067] TLI+4: Light transmittance of the outer pane 1 with solar control coating 4

[0068] TL2+5: Light transmittance of inner pane 2 with heat-reflecting coating 5

[0069] TL3: Light transmittance of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3

[0070] TL3+2+5: Light transmittance of the combination of thermoplastic interlayer 3 and inner pane 2 with heat-reflecting coating 5

[0071] TL100: Light transmittance of the vehicle composite window 100

[0072] TTS100: Degree of total transmitted thermal radiation of the vehicle composite window 100

[0073] In Example A, the vehicle composite pane 100 is designed as shown in Fig. 1.

[0074] The vehicle composite pane 100 according to the invention according to Example B differs from that according to Example A only in that the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 has a light transmission TL3 of 0.40%.

[0075] The vehicle composite pane according to the comparative example differs from the composite pane 100 according to the invention according to Example A in that the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 has a light transmittance TL3 of 30.8%. Thus, in the comparative example, neither the inner pane 2 with the heat-reflecting coating 5 nor the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 has a light transmittance of less than 0.5%. In the comparative example, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane with the heat-reflecting coating arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane together have a light transmittance of 9%.

[0076] It is found that opaque vehicle composite panes according to the invention, in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane with heat-reflecting coating together have a light transmittance of less than 0.5%, have a lower degree of transmitted heat radiation and thus offer a higher thermal comfort than corresponding vehicle composite panes not according to the invention, in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane with the heat-reflecting coating arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane together have a higher light transmittance.

[0077] List of reference symbols:

[0078] 1 Outer pane 2 Inner pane

[0079] 3 thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0080] 4 Sun protection coating

[0081] 5 heat-reflecting coating 100 vehicle composite window

[0082] I outside surface of the outer pane 1

[0083] II Interior surface of the outer pane 1

[0084] III Outside surface of the inner pane 2 IV Inside surface of the inner pane 2

Claims

Patent claims 1. A vehicle composite window (100) comprising at least one outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an interior surface (II), an inner pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an interior surface (IV), and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), a sun protection coating (4) is arranged on the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1), a heat-ray reflecting coating (5) is arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and / or the inner pane (2) are tinted, the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and the inner pane (2) with the heat-ray reflecting coating (5) arranged on the interior surface (IV) together have a light transmittance TL3+2+5 of less than 0,5%, the outer pane (1) has a light transmittance TL1 of more than 90%, and the vehicle composite pane (100) has a degree of total transmitted thermal radiation TTS100 of a maximum of 13%.

2. Vehicle composite window (100) according to claim 1, the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is tinted and has a light transmittance TL3 of less than 0.5%.

3. Vehicle composite window (100) according to claim 2, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) comprises ink or a color pigment, in particular a color pigment.

4. Vehicle composite window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner window (2) is tinted and the inner window (2) with the heat-ray reflecting coating (5) arranged on the interior-side surface (IV) has a light transmittance TL2+5 of less than 0.5%.

5. Vehicle composite pane (100) according to claim 4, wherein the inner pane (2) comprises ink or a color pigment, in particular a color pigment.

6. Vehicle composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the vehicle composite pane (100) has a light transmittance TLwo of less than 0.3%, preferably of less than 0.1%.

7. Vehicle composite pane (100) according to claim 6, wherein the vehicle composite pane (100) has a light transmittance TLwo of 0.0%.

8. Vehicle composite window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sun protection coating (4) comprises a layer system with at least one metal layer embedded between dielectric oxide or nitride layers, in particular at least one metallic silver layer.

9. Vehicle composite window (100) according to claim 8, wherein the sun protection coating (4) comprises at least the following layers or layer sequences, which are arranged in the specified order starting from the outer pane (1) to the inner pane (2): - a first dielectric layer or layer sequence, - a first silver layer, - a second dielectric layer or layer sequence, - a second silver layer, - a third dielectric layer or layer sequence, - a third silver layer and - a fourth dielectric layer or layer sequence.

10. Vehicle composite window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the heat-ray reflecting coating (5) contains indium tin oxide, tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine or zinc oxide doped with aluminum or gallium doped zinc oxide, with indium tin oxide being preferred.

11. Vehicle composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and / or the inner pane (2) is tinted black.

12. A method for producing a vehicle composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least (a) a stacking sequence comprising an outer pane (1) with an outside surface (I) and an inside surface (II), an inner pane (2) with an outside surface (III) and an inside surface (IV) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), a sun protection coating (4) is arranged on the interior-side surface (II) of the outer pane (1), a heat-ray reflecting coating (5) is arranged on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and / or the inner pane (2) is tinted, the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and the inner pane (2) with the heat-ray reflecting coating (5) arranged on the interior-side surface (IV) together have a light transmittance TL3+2+s of less than 0.5% and the outer pane (1) has a light transmittance TLi of more than 90%; (b) the stacking sequence is connected by lamination. Use of a vehicle composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11 in vehicles for transport on land, in the air, or on water, wherein the vehicle composite pane (100) is preferably a roof pane.

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