Devices and methods for communication
By determining a set of beams based on reporting conditions and adhering to threshold requirements, the system optimizes beam reporting to enhance machine learning model performance in communication networks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication networks face challenges in efficiently managing beam reporting overhead due to insufficient or excessive reporting of beam measurement results, which affects the performance of machine learning models used for beam management and mobility management.
A system where a device determines a set of beams based on reporting conditions and transmits a measurement report only if the number of beams meets specific threshold requirements, ensuring adequate input for model inference while minimizing unnecessary reporting.
This approach optimizes beam reporting by ensuring sufficient input for model inference while reducing overhead, thereby enhancing the performance of machine learning models in communication networks.
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Figure CN2023124617_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for measurement report for data collection.BACKGROUND
[0003] As communication networks and services increase in size, complexity, and number of users, operations in the communication networks may become increasingly more complicated. In order to improve the communication performance, machine learning (ML) / artificial intelligence (AI) technology is proposed to be used in the wireless com-munication network. For example, the terminal device and the network device may use different ML models to assist communication-related functionalities, such as, beam management (BM) , mobility management and so on.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for measure-ment report for data collection.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device comprising: a processor config-ured to cause the first device to: determine, based on measurement results of a plurality of beams, a first set of beams from the plurality of beams according to a reporting condi-tion; and transmit a measurement report to a second device based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting num-ber requirement.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device comprising: a processor con-figured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, configuration infor-mation indicating a plurality of beams; and receive, from the first device, a measurement report determined by the first device based on at least one reporting number requirement, wherein the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the fol-lowing: a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measurement re-port is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or a second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: determining, based on measurement results of a plurality of beams, a first set of beams from the plurality of beams according to a reporting condi-tion; and transmitting a measurement report to a second device based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number requirement.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a sec-ond device. The method comprises: transmit, to a first device, configuration infor-mation indicating a plurality of beams; and receiving, from the first device, a measure-ment report determined by the first device based on at least one reporting number re-quirement, wherein the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following: a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a meas-urement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or a second require-ment that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instruc-tions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the third, or fourth aspect.
[0010] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the pre-sent disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0012] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0013] FIG. 1B illustrates an example mode in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow of communication;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of communication;
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow of communication in accordance with some em-bodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling flow of communication in accordance with some em-bodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate signaling flows of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a signaling flow of communication in accordance with some em-bodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates a signaling flow of communication in accordance with some em-bodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device ac-cording to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device ac-cording to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0024] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and imple-ment the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the dis-closure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0026] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0027] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Un-manned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Re-ality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and brows-ing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further have ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 mul-ticast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscrib-er Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0028] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0029] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some infor-mation.
[0030] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on li-censed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one con-nection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) appli-cation scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0031] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test termi-nal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network de-vice. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal de- vice configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0032] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodi-ment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘an-other embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0033] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘low-est, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such de-scriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alterna-tives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0034] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space do-main, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodi-ments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other do-mains.
[0035] As used herein, the terms “UE expects” , “UE does not expect, “terminal device expects” , “terminal device does not expect” may imply restrictions on a configuration of a network device (also referred to as NW configuration) . The terms “UE is not expected to” and “terminal device is not expected to” may imply a terminal implementation, also referred to as UE implementation. In some embodiments, the terms “UE does not expect” and “UE is not expected to” may be used equally.
[0036] As discussed above, the terminal device and the network device may use different ML models to assist communication-related functionalities, such as, beam management (BM) , mobility management and so on.
[0037] So far, two BM cases (i.e., BM-case1 and BM-case2) have been proposed. It has been agreed to study potential specification impact on the following layer 1 (L1) report-ing enhancement for AI / ML model inference, for example, the UE supports to report the measurement results of more than 4 beams in one reporting instance.
[0038] According to the present disclosure, a solution of measurement report for data col-lection is proposed. With the example embodiments discussed herein, the measurement report with beam-related measurement results may be reported to the network device properly.
[0039] For better descriptions, some terms used herein are listed as below:
[0040] Measurement result (s) may include but be not limited to, (L1 / L3) -reference signal received power (RSRP) , L1 / L3) -SINR, (L1 / L3) -received signal strengthen indicator (RSSI) , or (L1 / L3) -reference signal received quality (RSRQ) ;
[0041] Model inference refers to a process of using a trained AI / ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs;
[0042] Model training refers to a process to train an AI / ML Model [by learning the in-put / output relationship] in a data driven manner and obtain the trained AI / ML Mod-el for inference;
[0043] Model monitoring refers to a procedure that monitors the inference performance of the AI / ML model;
[0044] Beam refers to a reference signal (RS) (e.g., Channel state information reference signal, (CSI-RS) , synchronization signal or physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block, SSB, sounding reference signal, SRS) or an RS resource;
[0045] Beam ID refers to CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) / SRS resource indicator (SSBRI) ;
[0046] Measured beam refers to an RS (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB, SRS) or RS resource config-ured / used for measuring L1-RSRP or L1-SINR and so on, or configured / used as channel measurement resource (CMR) or interference measurement resource (IMR) . In the present disclosure, measured (or reported) beam may be referred to as ‘beam’ for brevity;
[0047] Measured result corresponding to a beam comprises at least one of (measured or re-ported) L1-RSRP or (measured or reported) L1-SINR, it is interchangeably with beam quality;
[0048] UE / the first device reports information means that UE transmits information to the network device;
[0049] ‘Top M beam (s) out of a set of beams' means the top M (M≥1) beam (s) with the largest L1-RSRP / L1-SINR out of the set of beams. In this patent, it can be referred to as ‘top M beams’ . Top 1 beam is interchangeably with the best / strongest beam.
[0050] As used herein, data collection may be used for model training, model validating, model testing, model update (e.g., fine-tuning) , model inference and / or model monitor-ing. Alternatively, or in addition, the data collection may refer to a process of collecting data by the network nodes, the management entity, the UE, or the terminal device for the purpose of AI / ML model training, data analytics and inference. Further, data collection may be performed for different purposes in life cycle management (LCM) , e.g., model training, model inference, model monitoring, model selection, model update, and so on.
[0051] In this present disclosure, “G” / “gap-related condition” refers to a gap / distance / difference between the measured result corresponding to a measured beam (that needs to be reported) and the measured result corresponding to the best beam (that needs to be reported) , e.g., 5 dB, 10 dB, 15 dB, 20 dB. A beam satisfying the “G” / “gap-related condition” means a beam whose corresponding (measured or reported) L1-RSRP is within the gap / distance / difference to the best beam. Assuming the L1-RSRPs corre-sponding to a set of 16 measured beams, from large to small, are -44 dBm (beam 2) , -47 dBm (beam 3) , -50 dBm (beam 0) , -54 dBm (beam 1) , -65 dBm (beam 15) , -72 dBm (beam 10) , …, -92 dBm (beam 15) , if the gap / distance / difference indicates 10 dB, the beams satisfying the “G” / “gap-related condition” are beam 2 (the best beam itself is the beam satisfying the G) , beam 3, beam 0 and beam 1.
[0052] In this present disclosure, a beam report refers to a (measurement) report config-ured / used for reporting L1 / 3-RSRP / L1 / 3-SINR and / or CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) / SRS resource indicator (SSBRI) . It is interchangeably with CSI report. In this pa-tent, ‘report beam’ means at least one of the following information is reported: CRI, SSBRI, L1-RSRP (comprising absolute RSRP and / or differential RSRP) , or L1-SINR (comprising absolute SINR and / or differential SINR) .
[0053] For example, in one beam report, the mapping order of the CSI fields indicating the top N beams may be as below table 1.
[0054] Table 1
[0055] In the above table 1, the CRI / SSBRI #1 or RSRP #1 refers to the CRI / SSBRI or L1-RSRP (or absolute RSRP) corresponding to the best beam in the top N beams. CRI / SSBRI #N or differential RSRP #N refers to the CRI / SSBRI or L1-RSRP (or differ-ential RSRP) corresponding to the last beam (i.e., having the lowest L1-RSRP) in the top N beams. The rest may be deduced by analogy.
[0056] In this present disclosure, the mapping order of the CSI field (s) indicating a set of beams may be represented by below table 2.
[0057] Table 2
[0058] In the context of the present disclosure,
[0059] term AI / ML may be interchangeably with AI / ML model or model, which means a data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of (AI / ML) outputs based on a set of (AI / ML) inputs;
[0060] terms “beam” and “beam pair” may be used interchangeably;
[0061] terms “ID” , “identifier” , “identity” , “index” or “indication” may be used inter-changeably;
[0062] wording “provided by a device” may be replaced by “configured by a device” , “in-dicated by a device” and “activated by a device” .
[0063] As used herein, a model may be equivalent to at least one of the following: an AI / ML model, a ML model, an AI model, a data-driven, a data processing model, an algorithm, a functionality, a procedure, a process, an entity, a function, a feature, a feature group, a model identifier (ID) , an ID, a functionality ID, a configuration ID, a scenario ID, a site ID, or a da-taset ID. As a result, the above terms may be used interchangeably.
[0064] In some embodiments, the model may be represented by or associated with a channel, a resource, a resource set, a reference signal (RS) resource, a RS resource set, a RS port, a set of RS ports, a RS port ID, or a set of RS port IDs.
[0065] In some embodiments, the model may comprise a set of weights values that may be learned during training, for example for a specific architecture or configuration, where a set of weights values may also be called a parameter set.
[0066] In some embodiments, the model may be used to predict a target cell, or measurements of a set of beams of a set of candidate cells in future based on at least historical measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR) of a set of beams of a set of candidate cells.
[0067] In some embodiments, an input of the ML model (i.e., AI input) may refer to the input of a model and indicate data inputted into the model, which may be equivalent to data.
[0068] In some embodiments, an output of ML model (i.e., AI output) may refers to the output of a model and indicate result (s) outputted by the model, which is equivalent to label / data.
[0069] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail be-low with reference to the figures.
[0070] Example environment
[0071] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environ-ment 100A in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implement-ed. In the communication environment 100A, a plurality of communication devices, in-cluding a first device 110 and a second device 120, can communicate with each other.
[0072] Further, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is supported in the communica-tion environment 100A, such that the second device 120 and the first device 110 may communicate with each other via different beams to enable a directional communication.
[0073] In the example of FIG. 1A, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may include a terminal device and the second device 120 may include a network device serving the terminal device. In this specific example embodiment, a link from the first device 110 to the second device 120 is referred to as uplink, while a link from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is referred to as a downlink.
[0074] In downlink, the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the first device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) , and the second device 120 may transmit downlink transmission to the first device 110 via one or more beams. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the second device 120 transmits downlink transmission to the first device 110 via the one or more of beams 140-1, 140-2 and 140-3. For purpose of discussion, the beams 140-1 to 140-3 are collectively or individually referred to as beam 140.
[0075] Correspondingly, in uplink, the second device 120 is an RX device (or a receiver) and the first device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) , and the first device 110 may transmit uplink transmission to the second device 120 via one or more beams. As illus-trated in FIG. 1A, the first device 110 transmits uplink transmission to the second device 120 via the beams 130-1 to 130-3. For purpose of discussion, the beams 130-1 to 130-3 are collectively or individually referred to as beam 130.
[0076] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1A are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100A may include any suitable number of devices config-ured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0077] In some embodiments, the first device 110 and the second device 120 may com-municate with each other via a channel such as a wireless communication channel on an air interface (e.g., Uu interface) . The wireless communication channel may comprise a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , a physical random-access channel (PRACH) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical broadcast chan-nel (PBCH) . Of course, any other suitable channels are also feasible.
[0078] The communications in the communication environment 100A may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Commu-nications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols in-clude, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0079] In some embodiments, one or more models may be deployed at the second device 120 and / or the first device 110. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the model 125 is deployed at the second device 120, and the optional model 115 is deployed at the first device 110. Further, in the example of FIG. 1A, the model 125 deployed at the second device 120 may assist BM, i.e., obtain input data and derive related output.
[0080] Reference is now made to FIG. 1B. In example of FIG. 1B, two BM cases are support-ed, as below:
[0081] ● BM-Case1: Spatial-domain Downlink beam prediction for Set A of beams based on meas-urement results of Set B of beams;
[0082] ● BM-Case2: Temporal Downlink beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams.
[0083] In example of FIG. 1B, the Set B is a set of beams whose measurements are taken as in-puts of the AI / ML model, while the Set A is a set of beams whose measurements are taken as outputs of the AI / ML model.
[0084] Generally speaking, different Set Bs may bring different performance (e.g., beam predic-tion accuracy) of model inference. The following options are studied on the selection of Set B of beams (pairs) : option 1: Set B is fixed across training and inference; and option 2: Set B is variable (e.g., different beams (pairs) patterns in each time instance / report / measurement dur-ing training and / or inference) .
[0085] In case that the Set B is variable, Set B may be changed following a set of pre-configured patterns, may be randomly changed among pre-configured patterns, may be randomly changed among Set A beams (pairs) , may be a subset of measured beams (pairs) Set C (in-cluding Set B = Set C) , e.g., Top-K beams (pairs) of Set C, K is an integer.
[0086] Further, the number of beams (beam pairs) in Set B may be fixed or variable, and / or the number of pre-configured patterns used in the evaluation for the option 2: Set B is variable if applicable (e.g., Set B may be changed following a set of pre-configured patterns, may be randomly changed among pre-configured patterns) may be reported.
[0087] It is to be noted that BM-Case1 and BM-Case2 may be considered for both option 1 and option 2, and Set B may be the same as or different from Set A.
[0088] In case that Set B is a subset of measured beams (beams pairs) Set C (including Set B =Set C) , the following methods for determining Set B were proposed:
[0089] ● “Based on top M” : The beams (pairs) with top-M measurements of Set C; assuming the number of beams in Set C is K, the value of M may be K / 2, K / 4, K / 6, K / 8; and
[0090] ● “Based on gap” : The beams (pairs) with the reported measurements within a given gap to the best beam in Set C. The given gap may be 5 dB, 10 dB, 14 dB, 20 dB and any suitable value.
[0091] Example processes
[0092] As discussed above, Set B may be variable and may be based on a given gap, i.e., the beams (pairs) with the reported measurements (i.e., Set B) is within a given gap to the best beam in Set C. In this event, the number of beams in Set B is non-fixed. If so, at least the following issue may occur.
[0093] During model training, in order to ensure the performance of model inference, the number of beams in Set B in model training may be required to certain requirements, e.g., required to be larger than or equal to N1 (referred to as the first threshold number) .
[0094] For model inference at the network device side, UE will determine Set B based on gap (provided by the network device) , and report the beams in Set B. However, if the number of beams in the determined Set B is less than N1, the reported beams will not be sufficient as the AI / ML input of the AI / ML model at the network device side. From an-other perspective, this will result in the wastage of beam reporting overhead due to the uselessness.
[0095] Refer to FIG. 2 for a better understanding, which illustrates a signaling flow 200 of communication. In the example FIG. 2, the number of beams in Set C is 16, the value of N1 is 4. The UE determines that 3 beams in the Set C based on a given gap value and reports the measurement results of the 3 beams to the network device. However, the re-ported 3 beams are not sufficient as the AI / ML input for model inference.
[0096] Furthermore, given that increasing the number of beams in Set B up to a certain extent has marginal gain on the performance of model inference, and in order to save reporting overhead, the number of beams in Set B in model training may be required to certain requirements, e.g., it is less than or equal to N2 (referred to as the second thresh-old number) .
[0097] For model inference at the network device side, UE will determine Set B based on a given gap (which may be provided by the network device) , and report the beams in Set B. However, if the number of beams in the determined Set B is larger than N2, the re-ported beams may overflow for model inference. This will result in unnecessary beam reporting overhead.
[0098] Refer to FIG. 3 for a better understanding, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 of communication. In the example FIG. 3, the number of beams in Set C is 16, the value of N2 is 8. The UE determines that 10 beams in the Set C based on a given gap value and reports the measurement results of the 10 beams to the network device. However, the reported 10 beams overflow for model inference as 8 beams is sufficient enough for model inference and the extra 2 beams do not introduce expected performance gains.
[0099] Similar issues also may occur other in other life cycle management (LCM) phase, e.g., model training, model inference, model monitoring, model selection, model update, and so on.
[0100] According to the example processed discussed in the following, at least the above issued may be avoided.
[0101] Reference is made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signaling flow 400 for communi-cating information about the number of predicted beams in accordance with some em-bodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, by using the first device 110 and the second device 120.
[0102] It is to be understood that the operations at the first device 110 and the second de-vice 120 should be coordinated. In other words, the second device 120 and the first de-vice 110 should have common understanding about configurations, parameters and so on. Such common understanding may be implemented by any suitable interactions between the second device 120 and the first device 110 or both the second device 120 and the first device 110 applying the same rule / policy. In the following, although some opera-tions are described from a perspective of the first device 110, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the second device 120. Similarly, although some operations are described from a perspective of the second device 120, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the first device 110. Merely for brevity, some of the same or similar contents are omitted here.
[0103] In the example of FIG. 4, a model is deployed at the second device 120 and the second device 120 may receive a measurement report (such as, measurement results of Set B) from the first device 110.
[0104] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be operated as a terminal device and the second device 120 may be operated as a network device.
[0105] In operation, the first device 119 determines 430 a first set of beams from the plu-rality of beams based on measurement results of the plurality of beams (such as, Set C) and according to a reporting condition (such as, based on a given gap which may be provided by the second device 120) .
[0106] Additionally, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive 410 configu-ration information indicating the plurality of beams (such as, the Set C) and may per-forms 420 measurements on a plurality of beams.
[0107] In some embodiments, the first set of beams comprises at least one of the follow-ing: a beam with the strongest measurement result, a beam with a measurement result which is within a quality gap to the strongest measurement result.
[0108] Then, the first device 110 transmits 420-2 a measurement report (such as, meas-urement results of Set B) to a second device 120 based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number re-quirement.
[0109] In this way, a suitable number of beams may be determined and the related meas-urement results may be reported to the second device 120.
[0110] In some embodiments, the measurement report (such as, measurement results of Set B) may be used by the second device 120 for performing a model inference, a model training or a model monitoring, such as, predict Set A.
[0111] In the following, more details about the at least one reporting number requirement will be discussed first. In some embodiments, at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following:
[0112] ● a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or
[0113] ● a second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number.
[0114] In some embodiments, the first threshold number may correspond to one of the following:
[0115] ● a minimum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report,
[0116] ● a minimum number of beams used as a machine learning (ML) model input, or
[0117] ● a minimum number of beams in a set of beams reported for beam prediction (such as, Set B) .
[0118] In some embodiments, the second threshold number may correspond to one of the following:
[0119] ● a maximum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report,
[0120] ● a maximum number of beams used as the ML model input, or
[0121] ● a maximum number of beams in the set of beams reported for beam prediction (such as, Set B) .
[0122] In some embodiments, the first threshold number or the second threshold number may be defined as a predefined value (such as, defined by the wireless organization or the service operator) . In this way, no additional signaling exchanging processes is need-ed.
[0123] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first threshold number or the second threshold number may be provided by the second device 120 or determined by the first device 110 based on a number of beams of the plurality of beams (the number of beams in Set C) . In this way, the value of the first threshold number or the second threshold number may be more flexible.
[0124] In the following, how to handle measurement results will be discussed. In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, the first device 110 may disable 440-1 transmitting the measurement report. That is because the first set pf beams cannot satisfy the require-ment for model inference (or other LCM phase) .
[0125] Alternatively, considering that the second device 120 needs to understand meas-urement results, the second device 120 would expect the first device 110 provide a measurement report to the second device 120. In the following how to provide a suita-ble measurement report to the second device 120 will be discussed.
[0126] In some embodiments, the measurement report may indicate at least one of the fol-lowing:
[0127] ● a state of one of the following:
[0128] √ whether the first requirement is satisfied,
[0129] √ whether the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number,
[0130] √ whether the second requirement is satisfied, or
[0131] √ whether the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number,
[0132] ● measurement results of a second set of beams of the plurality of beams,
[0133] ● a number of beams in the second set of beams, or
[0134] ● identifiers associated with the second set of beams.
[0135] In some embodiments, a bitwidth for indicating a measurement result rather than the strongest measurement result may be determined based on at least one of the follow-ing:
[0136] ● a gap value used for determined the first set of beams from the plurality of beams, or
[0137] ● a quantization step of the measurement result.
[0138] In some embodiment, for reporting the second set of beams (maybe the same as or different from the first set of beams, such as, may be a subset of the first set of beams, or may be a subset of the plurality of beams which may be larger than the first set of beams) . The bitwidth for the CSI field indicating the differential RSRP may be deter-mined based on at least one of the G (i.e., a gap value) or a N (i.e., a quantization step) .
[0139] In some embodiment, the N means that the differential L1-RSRP value is computed with N (e.g., 2 dB) step size with a reference to the largest measured L1-RSRP value which is part of the same L1-RSRP reporting instance.
[0140] Specifically, the bitwidth for the CSI field indicating the differential RSRP may be determined based on the following formula: where means round up to an integer.
[0141] As an example embodiment, assuming the G is 10 dB, and the N is 2 dB, the bitwidth for the CSI field indicating the differential RSRP is 3 bits.
[0142] In some embodiments, the measurement report may comprise at least one of the following:
[0143] ● a first indication used for indicating the state,
[0144] ● a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, or
[0145] ● a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating different numbers of beams in the second set of beams.
[0146] In some embodiments, a first bitwidth for the first indication may be 1 bit, a sec-ond bitwidth for the second indication may be determined based on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number, or a third bitwidth for the third indication may be determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number.
[0147] In the following, how to transmit the measurement report to a second device 120 based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number requirement will be discussed in detail.
[0148] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, the measure-ment report may indicate at least one of the following:
[0149] ● measurement results of the first set of beams,
[0150] ● a first state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the second requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number,
[0151] ● the number of beams in the first set of beams, or
[0152] ● identifiers associated with the first set of beams.
[0153] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, the measure-ment report may comprise at least one of the following:
[0154] ● a first indication used for indicating the first state,
[0155] ● a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the first set of beams, or
[0156] ● a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the first state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the numbers of beam in the first set of beams.
[0157] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, the measurement report may indicate at least one of the following:
[0158] ● a second state that the first requirement is not satisfied or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number,
[0159] ● measurement results of a second set of beams determined from the plurality of beams,
[0160] ● the number of beams in the second set of beams, or
[0161] ● identifiers associated with the first set of beams.
[0162] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, the second set of beams comprises: top M beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results of the plurality of beams, and wherein M may be determined based on at least one of the following:
[0163] ● the first threshold number,
[0164] ● a predefined number, or
[0165] ● a number provided by the second device 120,
[0166] ● a number determined by the first device 110 based on at least on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams or the first threshold number.
[0167] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, the measurement report may comprise at least one of the following:
[0168] ● a first indication used for indicating the second state,
[0169] ● a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, or
[0170] ● a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the second state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams.
[0171] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, the measurement report may indicate at least one of the following:
[0172] ● a third state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the second requirement is not satisfied, or the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number,
[0173] ● measurement results of a second set of beams determined from the plurality of beams,
[0174] ● the number of beams in the second set of beams, or
[0175] ● identifiers associated with the second set of beams.
[0176] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, the second set of beams may com-prise:
[0177] ● top N beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results or beam indexes of the plurality of beams, wherein N is determined based on the second thresh-old number, such as, the top N beams may comprise top Mmax beams out of the set of measured beams. In other words, the top N beams may comprise top Mmax beams out of the first set of beams. Optionally, the top N beams comprise the first Mmax beams (i.e., the lowest beam ID) out of the first set of beams.
[0178] For better understanding the above example processes, some example embodi-ments are discussed as below. It should be understood that below example embodiments should not be interpreted as any limitations to the present disclosure.
[0179] Reference is now made FIG. 5, which a signaling flow 500 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0180] In the example of FIG. 5, after the first device 110 determines a first set of beams based on a (predefined or configured) “G” , the first device 110 may determine whether the number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies a Mmin (i.e., whether that the number of beams in the first set of beams is equal to or larger than the first threshold number) .
[0181] If the number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies the Mmin (e.g., the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the Mmin) , the first device 110 may report the first set of beams.
[0182] If the number of beams in the first set of beams is not satisfied the Mmin (e.g., the number of beams in the first set of beams is less than the Mmin) , the first device 110 may report a second set of beams.
[0183] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be provided with a plurality of measured beams (e.g., beams in Set C) by the second device 120.
[0184] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the measured results (e.g., L1-RSRPs) corresponding to all measured beams.
[0185] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine a first set of beams based on a (predefined or configured) gap-related condition, where the first set of beams comprises the beam (s) satisfying the gap-related condition.
[0186] In the following, the number of beams in the first set of beams is abbreviated as MG. In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine whether the MG satisfies an Mmin, where the Mmin refers to the minimum M, e.g., the minimum number of beams to report, the minimum number of beams used as the AI / ML input, or the minimum number of beams in a specific set of beams (e.g., Set B) .
[0187] In some embodiments, the Mmin may be provided by the second device 120 through an RRC / MAC CE / DCI explicitly, or determined by the first device 110 based on the number of measured beams provided by the second device 120 implicitly (i.e., the number of beams in Set C) .
[0188] In other words, the first device 110 may determine whether at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin; or the MG is less than the Mmin.
[0189] In some embodiments, if the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin, the first device 110 may report at least one of the following:
[0190] ● the first set of beams, e.g., top MG beams;
[0191] ● a first indication, where the first indication indicates a state, e.g., the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin, or the first requirement is satisfied, which is referred to as a first state in the following;
[0192] ● a second indication, where the second indication indicates the number of beams to report or the MG, or an indicator of the number of beams to report or the MG.
[0193] In some embodiments, the first indication (the first state) may be indicated by a CSI field of a beam report. A first bitwidth of the CSI field may be 1 bit. For example, the bit value ‘1’ indicates the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin, and the bit value ‘0’ indicates the MG is less than the Mmin.
[0194] In some embodiments, the second indication (the number of beams to report) be indicated by a CSI field of a beam report. A second bitwidth of the CSI field may be de-termined based on or where the Mtotal refers to the number of beams in the set of measured beams (i.e., Set C) . For example, about the lowest bit value may indicate the value of the MG is Mmin.
[0195] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first indication and the second indication may be indicated by the same CSI field of a beam report. The bitwidth of the CSI field may be determined based on or where means round up to an integer. For example, a specific bit value (e.g., the lowest bit value) may indicate that the MG is less than the Mmin. Each one of the other bit values may imply / indicate the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin, i.e., the first indication.
[0196] In some embodiments, if the MG is less than the Mmin, the first device 110 may report at least one of the following:
[0197] ● a second set of beams;
[0198] ● a first indication, where the first indication indicates a state, e.g., the MG is smaller than the Mmin, or the first requirement is not satisfied, which is referred to as a sec-ond state in the following;
[0199] ● a second indication, where the second indication indicates the number of beams to report, or an indicator of the number of beams to report.
[0200] In some embodiments, the second set of beams may comprise top MGM beam (s) out of the set of measured beams (i.e., the first set of beams) . In some embodiments, the MGM may be at least one of the following:
[0201] ● provided by the second device 120 through RRC / MAC CE / DCI;
[0202] ● determined by the first device 110 based on the Mmin and / or the Mtotal;
[0203] ● maybe a predefined value, e.g., 1.
[0204] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the measurements results (such as, L1-RSRP (s) ) corresponding to the second set of beams may not be reported.
[0205] Alternatively, in some embodiments, if the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin, the first device 110 may report at least one of the following:
[0206] ● a first set of beams; or
[0207] ● a third indication.
[0208] In some embodiments, the third indication indicates a first state, e.g., the MG is less than the Mmin. As mentioned before, the third indication may be indicated by the CSI field indicating the first indication or / and second indication.
[0209] Alternatively, in some embodiments, if the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin, the first device 110 may report at least one of the following:
[0210] ● a second set of beams; or
[0211] ● a third indication.
[0212] In some embodiments, the third indication indicates a second state, e.g., the MG is larger than or equal to MG. As mentioned before, the third indication may be indicated by the CSI field indicating the first indication or / and second indication.
[0213] Reference is now made to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, which signaling flows 600A and 600B of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0214] In the example of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the number of beams in Set C is 16, the value of Mmin is 4, the first device 110 determines that 3 beams in the Set C based on a given gap value and report the measurement results of the 10 beams to the network device. In the example of FIG. 6A, 4 beams (i.e., the second set of beams is the top Mmin beams in the Set C) .
[0215] In the examples of FIG. 6B, 1 beam (i.e., the number of beams in the second set of beams is a default value, the default value is 1) .
[0216] In some embodiments, if the MG is less than the Mmin, UE may report at least one of the following:
[0217] ● a third indication;
[0218] ● a first set of beams, e.g., top MG beams;
[0219] ● a further indication.
[0220] In some embodiments, the further indication indicates the number of beams to re-port or the MG, or an indicator of the number of beams to report or the MG. It may be indicated by a CSI field of a beam report. The bitwidth of the CSI field may be deter-mined based on or For example, about the lowest bit value may indicate the value of the MG is 1, the largest bit value may indicate the value of the MG is Mmin-1.
[0221] Optionally, if the MG is less than the Mmin, the first device 110 may not report the above information (on PUCCH or PUSCH resource configured by the second device 120) . In other words, the first device 110 may report nothing.
[0222] Refer to FIG. 7 for a better understanding, which illustrates a signaling flow 700 of communication. In the example of FIG. 7. after the first device 110 determines a first set of beams based on a (predefined or configured) G, UE determines whether the num-ber of beams in the first set of beams satisfies a Mmin and a Mmax (i.e., the first require-ment and the second requirement) .
[0223] In some embodiments, if satisfied (e.g., the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the Mmin and less than Mmax) , the first device 110 may report the first set of beams.
[0224] Alternatively, if not satisfied (e.g., the number of beams in the first set of beams is less than the Mmin) , UE reports a second set of beams.
[0225] Alternatively, if not satisfied (e.g., the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the Mmax) , UE reports a second set of beams (i.e., a Mmax beams in the plurality of beams may be reported, i.e., a subset of the plurality of beams may be reported) . In this way, unnecessary beam reporting overhead may be avoided.
[0226] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be provided with a plurality of measured beams (e.g., beams in Set C) by the second device 120. The first device 110 may determine measured results (e.g., L1-RSRPs) corresponding to all measured beams (i.e., the Set C) . the first device 110 may determine a first set of beams based on a (predefined or configured) G.
[0227] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine whether the MG satisfies an Mmin and a Mmax, where the Mmax refers to the maximum M, e.g., the maximum number of beams to report, the maximum number of beams used as the AI / ML input, or the maximum number of beams in a specific set of beams (e.g., Set B) .
[0228] In some embodiments, the Mmax may be provided by the second device 120 through an RRC / MAC CE / DCI explicitly, or determined by the first device 110 based on the number of measured beams provided by the second device 120implicitly.
[0229] In other words, UE determines whether at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
[0230] ● the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin and less than or equal to the Mmax;
[0231] ● the MG is less than the Mmin; or
[0232] ● the MG is larger than the Mmax.
[0233] In some embodiments, if the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin and less than or equal to the Mmax, the first device 110 reports at least one of the following:
[0234] ● the first set of beams, e.g., top MG beams;
[0235] ● a first indication,
[0236] ● a second indication.
[0237] The first indication indicates a first state, e.g., the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin. I t may be indicated by a CSI field of a beam report. The first bitwidth of the CSI field may be 1 bit. For example, the bit value ‘1’ indicates the MG is larger than or equal to the Mmin, and the bit value ‘0’ indicates the MG is less than the Mmin.
[0238] The second indication indicates the number of beams to report or the MG, or an indicator of the number of beams to report or the MG. It may be indicated by a CSI field of a beam report. The second bitwidth of the CSI field may be determined based on or For example, about the lowest bit value may indicate the value of the MG is Mmin, the largest bit value may indicate the value of the MG is Mmax.
[0239] Optionally, the first indication and the second indication may be indicated by the same CSI field of a beam report (i.e., the third indication) . The third bitwidth of the CSI field may be determined based on or
[0240] In some embodiments, if the MG is less than the Mmin, the behavior of the first device is the same as discussed above.
[0241] In some embodiments, if the MG is larger than the Mmax, UE reports at least one of the following:
[0242] ● A second set of beams.
[0243] ● a first indication, where the first indication indicates that the MG is larger than the Mmax, and / or the second requirement is not satisfied;
[0244] ● a second indication.
[0245] In some embodiments, the second set of beams may comprise top Mmax beams out of the set of measured beams. In other words, the fourth set of beams may comprise top Mmax beams out of the first set of beams. Optionally, the fourth set of beams may comprise the first Mmax beams (i.e., the lowest beam ID) out of the first set of beams. In this case, the second indication may indicate the Mmax.
[0246] Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which a signaling flow 800 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0247] In the example of FIG. 8, the number of beams in Set C is 16, the value of Mmax is 8, the first device 110 determines that 3 beams in the Set C based on a given gap value and report the measurement results of the 12 beams to the network device. In the exam-ple of FIG. 8, 8 beams (i.e., the second set of beams is the top Mmax beams in the Set C) .
[0248] According to some example embodiments of the present disclosure, the measure-ment report may be comprised in either uplink control information (UCI) (such as, a channel state information, CSI, report) or MAC CE.
[0249] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, the measurement report (which may be a CSI report) comprises a first part and a second part, and wherein,
[0250] ● the first indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report,
[0251] ● the second indication is comprised in the first part or the second part of the measure-ment report,
[0252] ● the third indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report,
[0253] ● the measurement results of the second set of beams are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or measurement results of a beam subset of the second set of beams are comprised in the first part of the measurement report and measurement results of other beams not comprised in the beam subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein a number of beams in the beam subset is the first threshold number, or
[0254] ● the identifiers are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or an iden-tifier subset of the identifiers are comprised in the first part of the measurement report, and other identifiers of the identifiers not comprised in the identifier subset are com-prised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein the identifier subset is as-sociated with the beam subset.
[0255] In some embodiments, the first or the second part of the measurement report may further comprise: a fourth indication indicating a number of the other beams.
[0256] Additionally, in some embodiments, a fourth bitwidth for the fourth indication may be determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second subset, or the number of the other beams.
[0257] In some embodiments, the measurement report may be comprised in a medium ac-cess control (MAC) control element (CE) , and wherein the MAC CE comprises at least one of the following:
[0258] ● a first field indicating the state,
[0259] ● a second filed indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams,
[0260] ● a third field indicating the state and the number of beams in the second set of beams,
[0261] ● a fourth field indicating identifiers associated with the second set of beams,
[0262] ● a fifth field indicating a strongest measurement result of the measurement results of the second set of beams,
[0263] ● a sixth field indicating remaining measurement results rather than the strongest meas-urement result, or
[0264] ● a seventh field indicating a presence of at least one the following: the first field, the second field, the third field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0265] In some embodiments, the seventh filed is an availability indication (AC) field, and if the AC field is set to ‘1’ , at least one of the following field is present: the second field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0266] For better understanding the above example processes, some example embodi-ments are discussed as below. It should be understood that below example embodiments should not be interpreted as any limitations to the present disclosure.
[0267] In some embodiments, in one beam report (comprising the first or second set of beams) , multiple parts may be included, e.g., CSI part 1 and CSI part 2.
[0268] Generally, the payload of the CSI part 1 is fixed, the payload of the CSI part 2 is not fixed and it is determined based on the information indicated by the CSI part 1. Each part may comprise CSI field (s) indicating at least one of the above information. The CSI field (s) in any two parts included in the same beam report may be non-overlapping. For example, the beam report comprises a first part (e.g., CSI part 1) and a second part (e.g., CSI part 2) .
[0269] In some embodiments, the first part comprises the CSI field indicating the first in-dication (indicate the first or the third state) , the second part comprises the CSI field in-dicating the second indication and / or the CSI field indicating the beam (s) to report (i.e., the first set of beams or the second set of beams) , as illustrated in below table 3.
[0270] Table 3
[0271] In some embodiments, the first part comprises the CSI field indicating the second indication or / and first indication, the second part comprises the CSI field indicating the beam (s) to report (i.e., the second set of beams, which maybe the same as or different from the first set of beams, such as, may be a subset of the first set of beams, or may be a subset of the plurality of beams which may be larger than the first set of beams) , as illustrated in below table 4.
[0272] Table 4
[0273] It is noted that the mapping order corresponding to different CSI fields in the same part / beam report may be not limited to the mapping order shown in the example.
[0274] Optionally, considering the MGM may be less than or equal to the MG, the second set of beams may be reported in the first part. Especially, if the MGM is less than the MG, a third set of beams may be reported in the second part, where the third set of beams comprises the remaining top (MG –MGM) beam (s) , i.e., the non-overlapping beams of the first set of beams and the second set of beam.
[0275] In some embodiments, the first part comprises the CSI field indicating the first indication (the first, second or the third state) and the CSI field indicating the second set of beams, the second part comprises the CSI field indicating the second indication or a fourth indication and the CSI field indicating the third set of beams.
[0276] In some embodiments, the fourth indication indicates the number of beams to re-port in the second part (i.e., the number of beams in the third set of beams) , or an indica-tor of the number of beams to report in the second part. It may be indicated by a CSI field of a beam report. The bitwidth of the CSI field may be determined based on or For example, about the lowest bit value may indicate the number of beams to report in the second part is 1, as illustrated in below table 5.
[0277] Table 5
[0278] Furthermore, the fourth indication and the first indication (indicates the first, second or the third state) may be indicated by the same CSI field, and its bitwidth may be determined based on or
[0279] In some embodiments, the first part comprises the CSI field indicating the second / fifth indication or / and third indication, the second part comprises the CSI field indicating the beam (s) to report (i.e., the first set of beams or the second set of beams) , as illustrated in below table 6.
[0280] Table 6
[0281] In the example of Table 5 and Table 6, at least one information (e.g., the remaining set of beams) in the second part may be omitted when the UL resource is not enough to transmit the complete beam report.
[0282] In addition to UCI, the first device 110 may report the above information based on a MAC CE. Specifically, the MAC CE has a variable size with at least one of the following fields (or information) :
[0283] ● a first field indicating the first state or third state. It may be set to 1 bit.
[0284] ● a second field indicating the number of beams to report or the MG, or an indicator of the number of beams to report or the MG.
[0285] ● a beam ID field: This field indicates the beam ID corresponding to the beam to be reported.
[0286] ● a first beam quality field: This field indicates the beam quality corresponding to the best beam to be reported, e.g., the absolute RSRP corresponding to the best beam.
[0287] ● a second beam quality field: This field indicates the beam quality corresponding to the beam to be reported (except for the best beam) , e.g., the differential RSRP corresponding the beam.
[0288] ● an AC field: This field indicates the presence of at least one of the following fields in this octet. If the AC field set to 1, the at least one of the following fields is present: the second field, the beam ID field, the first or second beam quality field. If the AC field set to 0, R bits are present instead.
[0289] In some embodiments, the first field and second field may be the same field.
[0290] In some embodiments, the number of octets containing the AC field may be equal to the difference of the Mmax (e.g., 12) and the Mmin (e.g., 4) , i.e., it is equal to 8. When the MG (e.g., 6) is larger than the Mmin, UE shall report 6 beams. In this case, the AI field in the first octet and the second octet may be set to 1. The AI field in the other 6 octets may be set to 0.
[0291] Example methods
[0292] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 900 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A.
[0293] At block 910, the first device may determine, based on measurement results of a plu-rality of beams, a first set of beams from the plurality of beams according to a reporting con-dition.
[0294] At block 920, the first device may transmit a measurement report to a second device based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number requirement.
[0295] In some example embodiments, the at least one reporting number requirement compris-es at least one of the following: a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or a second require-ment that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number.
[0296] In some example embodiments, the first threshold number or the second threshold number is defined as a predefined value, provided by the second device or determined by the first device based on a number of beams of the plurality of beams.
[0297] In some example embodiments, the first threshold number corresponds to one of the following: a minimum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a minimum number of beams used as a machine learning (ML) model input, or a minimum number of beams in a set of beams reported for beam prediction, and wherein the second threshold num-ber corresponds to one of the following: a maximum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a maximum number of beams used as the ML model input, or a maxi-mum number of beams in the set of beams reported for beam prediction.
[0298] In some example embodiments, the measurement report indicates at least one of the fol-lowing: a state of one of the following: whether the first requirement is satisfied, whether the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, whether the second requirement is satisfied, or whether the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, measurement results of a sec-ond set of beams of the plurality of beams, a number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifiers associated with the second set of beams.
[0299] In some example embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the state, a second indication used for indicat-ing the number of beams in the second set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plurali-ty of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating different numbers of beams in the second set of beams.
[0300] In some example embodiments, a first bitwidth for the first indication is 1 bit, a second bitwidth for the second indication is determined based on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number, or a third bitwidth for the third indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number.
[0301] In some example embodiments, the measurement report comprises a first part and a second part, and wherein, the first indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the second indication is comprised in the first part or the second part of the measure- ment report, the third indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the measurement results of the second set of beams are comprised in the second part of the meas-urement report, or measurement results of a beam subset of the second set of beams are com-prised in the first part of the measurement report and measurement results of other beams not comprised in the beam subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein a number of beams in the beam subset is the first threshold number, or the identifiers are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or an identifier subset of the identifiers are comprised in the first part of the measurement report, and other identifiers of the identifiers not comprised in the identifier subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein the identifier subset is associated with the beam subset.
[0302] In some example embodiments, the first or the second part of the measurement report further comprises: a fourth indication indicating a number of the other beams.
[0303] In some example embodiments, a fourth bitwidth for the fourth indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second subset, or the number of the other beams.
[0304] In some example embodiments, the measurement report is comprised in a medium ac-cess control (MAC) control element (CE) , and wherein the MAC CE comprises at least one of the following: a first field indicating the state, a second filed indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, a third field indicating the state and the number of beams in the second set of beams, a fourth field indicating identifiers associated with the second set of beams, a fifth field indicating a strongest measurement result of the measurement results of the second set of beams, a sixth field indicating remaining measurement results rather than the strongest measurement result, or a seventh field indicating a presence of at least one the fol-lowing: the first field, the second field, the third field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0305] In some example embodiments, the seventh filed is an availability indication (AC) field, and if the AC field is set to ‘1’ , at least one of the following field is present: the second field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0306] In some example embodiments, a bitwidth for indicating a measurement result rather than the strongest measurement result is determined based on at least one of the following: a gap value used for determined the first set of beams from the plurality of beams, or a quanti-zation step of the measurement result.
[0307] In some example embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following: measurement results of the first set of beams, a first state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the second requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, the number of beams in the first set of beams, or identifiers associated with the first set of beams.
[0308] In some example embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the first state, a second indication used for in-dicating the number of beams in the first set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plu-rality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the first state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the numbers of beam in the first set of beams.
[0309] In some example embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following: a second state that the first requirement is not satisfied or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, measurement results of a second set of beams determined from the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifiers associated with the first set of beams.
[0310] In some example embodiments, the second set of beams comprises: top M beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results of the plurality of beams, and where-in M is determined based on at least one of the following: the first threshold number, a prede-fined number, or a number provided by the second device, a number determined by the first device based on at least on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams or the first threshold number.
[0311] In some example embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the second state, a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the second state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams.
[0312] In some example embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, disable transmitting the measurement report.
[0313] In some example embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following: a third state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the second requirement is not satisfied, or the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, measurement results of a second set of beams de-termined from the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifiers associated with the second set of beams.
[0314] In some example embodiments, the second set of beams comprises: top N beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results or beam indexes of the plurality of beams, wherein N is determined based on the second threshold number.
[0315] In some example embodiments, the first set of beams comprises at least one of the fol-lowing: a beam with the strongest measurement result, a beam with a measurement result which is within a quality gap to the strongest measurement result.
[0316] In some example embodiments, the measurement report is used by the second device for performing a model inference, a model training or a model monitoring.
[0317] In some example embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive configuration information indicating the plurality of beams.
[0318] In some example embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second de-vice is a network device.
[0319] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1000 implemented at a sec-ond device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1000 will be described from the perspective of the second device 120 in FIG. 1A.
[0320] At block 1010, the second device transmits, to a first device, configuration information indicating a plurality of beams.
[0321] At block 1020, the second device may receive, from the first device, a measurement report determined by the first device based on at least one reporting number requirement, wherein the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following: a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or a second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number.
[0322] In some example embodiments, the first threshold number or the second threshold number is defined as a predefined value, provided by the second device or determined by the first device based on a number of beams of the plurality of beams.
[0323] In some example embodiments, the first threshold number corresponds to one of the following: a minimum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a minimum number of beams used as a machine learning (ML) model input, or a minimum number of beams in a set of beams reported for beam prediction, and wherein the second threshold num-ber corresponds to one of the following: a maximum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a maximum number of beams used as the ML model input, or a maxi-mum number of beams in the set of beams reported for beam prediction.
[0324] In some example embodiments, the measurement report indicates at least one of the fol-lowing: a state whether the first or the second requirement is satisfied, measurement results of a second set of beams of the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifiers associated with the second set of beams.
[0325] In some example embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the state, a second indication used for indicat-ing the number of beams in the second set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plurali-ty of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating different numbers of beams in the second set of beams.
[0326] In some example embodiments, A first bitwidth for the first indication is 1 bit, a second bitwidth for the second indication is determined based on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number, or a third bitwidth for the third indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number.
[0327] In some example embodiments, the measurement report comprises a first part and a second part, and wherein, the first indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the second indication is comprised in the first part or the second part of the measure-ment report, the third indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the measurement results of the second set of beams are comprised in the second part of the meas-urement report, or measurement results of a beam subset of the second set of beams are com-prised in the first part of the measurement report and measurement results of other beams not comprised in the beam subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein a number of beams in the beam subset is the first threshold number, or the identifiers are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or an identifier subset of the identifiers are comprised in the first part of the measurement report, and other identifiers of the identifiers not comprised in the identifier subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein the identifier subset is associated with the beam subset.
[0328] In some example embodiments, the first or the second part of the measurement report further comprises: a fourth indication indicating a number of the other beams.
[0329] In some example embodiments, a fourth bitwidth for the fourth indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second subset, the number of the other beams.
[0330] In some example embodiments, the measurement report is comprised in a medium ac-cess control (MAC) control element (CE) , and wherein the MAC CE comprises at least one of the following: a first field indicating the state, a second filed indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, a third field indicating the state and the number of beams in the second set of beams, a fourth field indicating identifiers associated with the second set of beams, a fifth field indicating a strongest measurement result of the measurement results of the second set of beams, a sixth field indicating remaining measurement results rather than the strongest measurement result, or a seventh indication indicating a presence of at least one the following: the first field, the second field, the third field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0331] In some example embodiments, the seventh filed is an availability indication (AC) field, and if the AC field is set to ‘1’ , at least one of the following field is present: the second field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0332] In some example embodiments, a bitwidth for indicating a measurement result rather than the strongest measurement result is determined based on at least one of the following: a gap value used for determined the first set of beams from the plurality of beams, or a quanti-zation step of the measurement result.
[0333] In some example embodiments, the first set of beams comprises at least one of the fol-lowing: a beam with the strongest measurement result, a beam with a measurement result which is within a quality gap to the strongest measurement result.
[0334] In some example embodiments, the measurement report is used by the second device for performing a model inference, a model training or a model monitoring.
[0335] In some example embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second de-vice is a network device.
[0336] Example Apparatus and Devices
[0337] FIG. 11 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1100 can be considered as a further ex-ample implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1A. Accordingly, the device 1100 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110 or the second device 120.
[0338] As shown, the device 1100 includes a processor 1110, a memory 1120 coupled to the processor 1110, a suitable transceiver 1140 coupled to the processor 1110, and a communica-tion interface coupled to the transceiver 1140. The memory 1120 stores at least a part of a program 1130. The transceiver 1140 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirec-tional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1140 may include at least one of a transmitter 1142 and a receiver 1144. The transmitter 1142 and the receiver 1144 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1140 has at least one antenna to fa-cilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobili-ty Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0339] The program 1130 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1110, enable the device 1100 to operate in accordance with the em-bodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1A to 10. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the pro-cessor 1110 of the device 1100, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hard-ware. The processor 1110 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the pre-sent disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1110 and memory 1120 may form processing means 1150 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present dis-closure.
[0340] The memory 1120 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1120 is shown in the device 1100, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1100. The processor 1110 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1100 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated cir-cuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0341] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuit-ry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine, based on measurement results of a plurality of beams, a first set of beams from the plurality of beams according to a reporting condition; and transmit a measurement report to a second device based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number requirement. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be con-figured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.
[0342] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a cir-cuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first device, configuration in-formation indicating a plurality of beams; and receive, from the first device, a measurement report determined by the first device based on at least one reporting number requirement, wherein the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following: a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or a second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to per-form any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.
[0343] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal proces-sor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the cir-cuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0344] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for determining, based on measurement results of a plurality of beams, a first set of beams from the plurality of beams according to a reporting condition; and means for transmitting a measurement report to a second device based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number requirement. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. In some example embodiments, the first appa-ratus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodi-ments of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0345] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first device, configuration in- formation indicating a plurality of beams; and means for receiving, from the first device, a measurement report determined by the first device based on at least one reporting number re-quirement, means for wherein the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following: means for a first requirement that a number of beams to be report-ed in a measurement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or means for a second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number. In some embodiments, the second appa-ratus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1000. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for perform-ing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0346] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0347] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: determine, based on measurement results of a plurality of beams, a first set of beams from the plurality of beams according to a reporting condition; and transmit a meas-urement report to a second device based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number requirement.
[0348] In some embodiments, the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following: a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measure-ment report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or a second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a sec-ond threshold number.
[0349] In some embodiments, the first threshold number or the second threshold number is de-fined as a predefined value, provided by the second device or determined by the first device based on a number of beams of the plurality of beams.
[0350] In some embodiments, the first threshold number corresponds to one of the following: a minimum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a minimum number of beams used as a machine learning (ML) model input, or a minimum number of beams in a set of beams reported for beam prediction, and wherein the second threshold number corresponds to one of the following: a maximum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a maximum number of beams used as the ML model input, or a maximum number of beams in the set of beams reported for beam prediction.
[0351] In some embodiments, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following: a state of one of the following: whether the first requirement is satisfied, whether the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, whether the second requirement is satisfied, or whether the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, measurement results of a second set of beams of the plurality of beams, a number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifi-ers associated with the second set of beams.
[0352] In some embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the state, a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating different numbers of beams in the second set of beams.
[0353] In some embodiments, a first bitwidth for the first indication is 1 bit, a second bitwidth for the second indication is determined based on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number, or a third bitwidth for the third indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number.
[0354] In some embodiments, the measurement report comprises a first part and a second part, and wherein, the first indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the second indication is comprised in the first part or the second part of the measurement report, the third indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the measurement results of the second set of beams are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or measurement results of a beam subset of the second set of beams are comprised in the first part of the measurement report and measurement results of other beams not comprised in the beam subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein a number of beams in the beam subset is the first threshold number, or the identifiers are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or an identifier subset of the identifiers are comprised in the first part of the measurement report, and other identifiers of the identifiers not com- prised in the identifier subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein the identifier subset is associated with the beam subset.
[0355] In some embodiments, the first or the second part of the measurement report further comprises: a fourth indication indicating a number of the other beams.
[0356] In some embodiments, a fourth bitwidth for the fourth indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second subset, or the number of the other beams.
[0357] In some embodiments, the measurement report is comprised in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , and wherein the MAC CE comprises at least one of the follow-ing: a first field indicating the state, a second filed indicating the number of beams in the sec-ond set of beams, a third field indicating the state and the number of beams in the second set of beams, a fourth field indicating identifiers associated with the second set of beams, a fifth field indicating a strongest measurement result of the measurement results of the second set of beams, a sixth field indicating remaining measurement results rather than the strongest meas-urement result, or a seventh field indicating a presence of at least one the following: the first field, the second field, the third field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0358] In some embodiments, the seventh filed is an availability indication (AC) field, and if the AC field is set to ‘1’ , at least one of the following field is present: the second field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0359] In some embodiments, a bitwidth for indicating a measurement result rather than the strongest measurement result is determined based on at least one of the following: a gap value used for determined the first set of beams from the plurality of beams, or a quantization step of the measurement result.
[0360] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, the measurement report indi-cates at least one of the following: measurement results of the first set of beams, a first state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the second requirement is satis-fied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, the number of beams in the first set of beams, or identifiers associated with the first set of beams.
[0361] In some embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the first state, a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the first set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the first state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the numbers of beam in the first set of beams.
[0362] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following: a second state that the first requirement is not satisfied or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, measurement results of a sec-ond set of beams determined from the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifiers associated with the first set of beams.
[0363] In some embodiments, the second set of beams comprises: top M beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results of the plurality of beams, and wherein M is determined based on at least one of the following: the first threshold number, a predefined number, or a number provided by the second device, a number determined by the first device based on at least on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams or the first threshold number.
[0364] In some embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the second state, a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the second state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams.
[0365] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, disable transmitting the measurement report.
[0366] In some embodiments, in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following: a third state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the sec-ond requirement is not satisfied, or the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, measurement results of a second set of beams determined from the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifiers associ-ated with the second set of beams.
[0367] In some embodiments, the second set of beams comprises: top N beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results or beam indexes of the plurality of beams, wherein N is determined based on the second threshold number.
[0368] In some embodiments, the first set of beams comprises at least one of the following: a beam with the strongest measurement result, a beam with a measurement result which is with-in a quality gap to the strongest measurement result.
[0369] In some embodiments, the measurement report is used by the second device for per-forming a model inference, a model training or a model monitoring.
[0370] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: receive configuration information indicating the plurality of beams.
[0371] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device.
[0372] In an aspect, it is proposed a second device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, configuration information indicating a plurali-ty of beams; and receive, from the first device, a measurement report determined by the first device based on at least one reporting number requirement, wherein the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following: a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, or a second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number.
[0373] In some embodiments, the first threshold number or the second threshold number is de-fined as a predefined value, provided by the second device or determined by the first device based on a number of beams of the plurality of beams.
[0374] In some embodiments, the first threshold number corresponds to one of the following: a minimum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a minimum number of beams used as a machine learning (ML) model input, or a minimum number of beams in a set of beams reported for beam prediction, and wherein the second threshold number corresponds to one of the following: a maximum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report, a maximum number of beams used as the ML model input, or a maximum number of beams in the set of beams reported for beam prediction.
[0375] In some embodiments, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following: a state whether the first or the second requirement is satisfied, measurement results of a second set of beams of the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second set of beams, or identifiers associated with the second set of beams.
[0376] In some embodiments, the measurement report comprises at least one of the following: a first indication used for indicating the state, a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, or a third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating different numbers of beams in the second set of beams.
[0377] In some embodiments, A first bitwidth for the first indication is 1 bit, a second bitwidth for the second indication is determined based on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number, or a third bitwidth for the third indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the second threshold number.
[0378] In some embodiments, the measurement report comprises a first part and a second part, and wherein, the first indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the second indication is comprised in the first part or the second part of the measurement report, the third indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report, the measurement results of the second set of beams are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or measurement results of a beam subset of the second set of beams are comprised in the first part of the measurement report and measurement results of other beams not comprised in the beam subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein a number of beams in the beam subset is the first threshold number, or the identifiers are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or an identifier subset of the identifiers are comprised in the first part of the measurement report, and other identifiers of the identifiers not com- prised in the identifier subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein the identifier subset is associated with the beam subset.
[0379] In some embodiments, the first or the second part of the measurement report further comprises: a fourth indication indicating a number of the other beams.
[0380] In some embodiments, a fourth bitwidth for the fourth indication is determined based on at least one of the following: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the number of beams in the second subset, the number of the other beams.
[0381] In some embodiments, the measurement report is comprised in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , and wherein the MAC CE comprises at least one of the follow-ing: a first field indicating the state, a second filed indicating the number of beams in the sec-ond set of beams, a third field indicating the state and the number of beams in the second set of beams, a fourth field indicating identifiers associated with the second set of beams, a fifth field indicating a strongest measurement result of the measurement results of the second set of beams, a sixth field indicating remaining measurement results rather than the strongest meas-urement result, or a seventh indication indicating a presence of at least one the following: the first field, the second field, the third field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0382] In some embodiments, the seventh filed is an availability indication (AC) field, and if the AC field is set to ‘1’ , at least one of the following field is present: the second field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.
[0383] In some embodiments, a bitwidth for indicating a measurement result rather than the strongest measurement result is determined based on at least one of the following: a gap value used for determined the first set of beams from the plurality of beams, or a quantization step of the measurement result.
[0384] In some embodiments, the first set of beams comprises at least one of the following: a beam with the strongest measurement result, a beam with a measurement result which is with-in a quality gap to the strongest measurement result.
[0385] In some embodiments, the measurement report is used by the second device for per-forming a model inference, a model training or a model monitoring.
[0386] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device.
[0387] In an aspect, a first device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0388] In an aspect, a second device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method im-plemented by the second device discussed above.
[0389] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the in-structions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to per-form the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0390] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the in-structions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to per-form the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0391] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when exe-cuted on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method im-plemented by the first device discussed above.
[0392] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when exe-cuted on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method im-plemented by the second device discussed above.
[0393] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some as-pects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreci-ated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be im-plemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose cir-cuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0394] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1A to 11. Generally, program modules include rou-tines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that per-form particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0395] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0396] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine reada-ble medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0397] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be under-stood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in se- quential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as de-scriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a sin-gle embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suit-able sub-combination.
[0398] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:determine, based on measurement results of a plurality of beams, a first set of beams from the plurality of beams according to a reporting condition; andtransmit a measurement report to a second device based on a determination of whether a number of beams in the first set of beams satisfies at least one reporting number requirement.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one reporting number requirement comprises at least one of the following:a first requirement that a number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is larger than or equal to a first threshold number, ora second requirement that the number of beams to be reported in a measurement report is smaller than or equal to a second threshold number.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein the first threshold number or the second thresh-old number is defined as a predefined value, provided by the second device or determined by the first device based on a number of beams of the plurality of beams.4.The first device of claim 2, wherein the first threshold number corresponds to one of the following:a minimum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report,a minimum number of beams used as a machine learning (ML) model input, ora minimum number of beams in a set of beams reported for beam prediction,and wherein the second threshold number corresponds to one of the following:a maximum number of beams to be reported in a measurement report,a maximum number of beams used as the ML model input, ora maximum number of beams in the set of beams reported for beam prediction.5.The first device of claim 2, wherein the measurement report indicates at least one of the following:a state of one of the following:whether the first requirement is satisfied,whether the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number,whether the second requirement is satisfied, orwhether the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number,measurement results of a second set of beams of the plurality of beams,a number of beams in the second set of beams, oridentifiers associated with the second set of beams.6.The first device of claim 5, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of the following:a first indication used for indicating the state,a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, ora third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for in-dicating different numbers of beams in the second set of beams.7.The first device of claim 6, wherein,a first bitwidth for the first indication is 1 bit,a second bitwidth for the second indication is determined based on at least one of the following: a number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the sec-ond threshold number, ora third bitwidth for the third indication is determined based on at least one of the fol-lowing: the number of beams of the plurality of beams, the first threshold number or the sec-ond threshold number.8.The first device of claim 6, wherein the measurement report comprises a first part and a second part, and wherein,the first indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report,the second indication is comprised in the first part or the second part of the measure-ment report,the third indication is comprised in the first part of the measurement report,the measurement results of the second set of beams are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or measurement results of a beam subset of the second set of beams are comprised in the first part of the measurement report and measurement results of other beams not comprised in the beam subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein a number of beams in the beam subset is the first threshold number, orthe identifiers are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, or an iden-tifier subset of the identifiers are comprised in the first part of the measurement report, and other identifiers of the identifiers not comprised in the identifier subset are comprised in the second part of the measurement report, wherein the identifier subset is associated with the beam subset.9.The first device of claim 8, wherein the first or the second part of the measurement report further comprises:a fourth indication indicating a number of the other beams.10.The first device of 6, wherein the measurement report is comprised in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , and wherein the MAC CE comprises at least one of the following:a first field indicating the state,a second filed indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams,a third field indicating the state and the number of beams in the second set of beams,a fourth field indicating identifiers associated with the second set of beams,a fifth field indicating a strongest measurement result of the measurement results of the second set of beams,a sixth field indicating remaining measurement results rather than the strongest meas-urement result, ora seventh field indicating a presence of at least one the following: the first field, the second field, the third field, the fourth field, the fifth field, or the sixth field.11.The first device of claim 5, wherein a bitwidth for indicating a measurement result rather than the strongest measurement result is determined based on at least one of the follow-ing:a gap value used for determined the first set of beams from the plurality of beams, ora quantization step of the measurement result.12.The first device of claim 2, wherein in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number, the meas-urement report indicates at least one of the following:measurement results of the first set of beams,a first state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the second requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than or equal to the second threshold number,the number of beams in the first set of beams, oridentifiers associated with the first set of beams.13.The first device of claim 12, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of the following:a first indication used for indicating the first state,a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the first set of beams, ora third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the first state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the numbers of beam in the first set of beams.14.The first device of claim 2, wherein in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, the measurement report indicates at least one of the following:a second state that the first requirement is not satisfied or the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number,measurement results of a second set of beams determined from the plurality of beams,the number of beams in the second set of beams, oridentifiers associated with the first set of beams.15.The first device of claim 14, wherein the second set of beams comprises: top M beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results of the plurality of beams, and wherein M is determined based on at least one of the following:the first threshold number,a predefined number, ora number provided by the second device,a number determined by the first device based on at least on at least one of the follow-ing: a number of beams of the plurality of beams or the first threshold number.16.The first device of claim 14, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of the following:a first indication used for indicating the second state,a second indication used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams, ora third indication comprising a plurality of bits, a pre-defined bit value of the plurality of bits used for indicating the second state and the other bit values of the plurality of bits used for indicating the number of beams in the second set of beams.17.The first device of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is smaller than the first threshold number, disable transmitting the measurement report.18.The first device of claim 2, wherein in case that that the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number, the measurement report indi-cates at least one of the following:a third state of one of the following: the first requirement is satisfied, the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than or equal to the first threshold number, the second requirement is not satisfied, or the number of beams in the first set of beams is larger than the second threshold number,measurement results of a second set of beams determined from the plurality of beams,the number of beams in the second set of beams, oridentifiers associated with the second set of beams.19.The first device of claim 18, wherein the second set of beams comprises:top N beams in the plurality of beams according to the measurement results or beam indexes of the plurality of beams, wherein N is determined based on the second threshold number.20.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first set of beams comprises at least one of the following:a beam with the strongest measurement result,a beam with a measurement result which is within a quality gap to the strongest meas-urement result.