Surgical instrument

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a surgical instrument, comprising an end effector and a cannula assembly. The cannula assembly comprises a pusher. The end effector comprises: a jaw assembly, comprising a staple cartridge base, the staple cartridge base having a limiting structure; and a staple cartridge assembly, detachably mounted in the staple cartridge base, the staple cartridge assembly comprising a staple pushing plate. The pusher is provided with a cutter lifting portion, and the staple pushing plate is provided with a support structure; when the staple cartridge assembly is mounted in the staple cartridge base and the staple pushing plate is located at a proximal side position, the cutter lifting portion is supported by the support structure, and in response to an operation of a user, the pusher crosses a limiting structure to move towards a distal side to mate with the staple pushing plate, so as to drive the staple pushing plate to move towards the distal side; and when the staple cartridge assembly is not mounted in the staple cartridge base or the staple pushing plate is located at a distal side position, in response to an operation of the user, the pusher is blocked by the limiting structure when moving towards the distal side. The embodiments of the present disclosure solve the problem that there is a risk of damaging a human body when a staple cartridge assembly which has been used is mounted in a surgical instrument provided with a staple cartridge integrated with a cutter or no staple cartridge assembly is mounted therein.

Description

surgical instruments

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202311426233.3 filed on October 30, 2023, and the contents of the above-mentioned Chinese patent application disclosure are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as a part of this application. Technical Field

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a surgical instrument. Background Art

[0003] Surgical instruments play a key role in clinical surgery, and the cutting blade is an indispensable and important component of surgical instruments. The front end of the surgical instrument includes a replaceable staple cartridge assembly, which is a disposable consumable.

[0004] To prevent repeated use of the cutting blade, which can cause wear and poor cutting performance, staple cartridge assemblies with integrated cutting blades have emerged. When not mounted on a surgical instrument, the cutting blade is concealed within the staple cartridge body, preventing the sharp edge from injuring the user. When mounted on a surgical instrument, the cutting blade extends beyond the surface of the staple cartridge body, effectively cutting tissue during surgery.

[0005] When an unused staple cartridge assembly is installed in the jaw assembly, the cutting blade moves forward until it cuts to the bottom (cutting + suturing). However, when a used staple cartridge assembly is installed in the jaw assembly or no staple cartridge assembly is installed, the surgical instrument is in an empty staple cartridge state. If the cutting blade moves forward, it will only cut without suturing. The surgical instrument should recognize this and avoid firing, thereby preventing injury to the human body. However, in some cases, the empty staple cartridge protection structure only applies to traditional cutting blade assemblies and not to staple cartridges with blades. As a result, surgical instruments with staple cartridges with blades may pose a risk of injury to the human body when a used staple cartridge assembly is installed or no staple cartridge assembly is installed.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] A surgical instrument provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure solves the problem that a surgical instrument having a knife-equipped staple cartridge presents a risk of injury to the human body when a used staple cartridge assembly is installed or when no staple cartridge assembly is installed.

[0008] The present disclosure provides a surgical instrument including an end effector and a cannula assembly, wherein the cannula assembly includes a pusher, and the end effector includes:

[0009] The jaw assembly includes a nail magazine seat and a nail anvil pivotally connected to the nail magazine seat; the nail magazine seat has a limiting structure;

[0010] A nail magazine assembly is detachably mounted in the nail magazine seat and includes a nail pushing plate and a cutting knife movably connected to the nail pushing plate;

[0011] The bottom of the pusher has a knife-lifting portion, and the bottom of the nail pushing plate has a supporting structure. When the nail magazine assembly is installed in the nail magazine seat and the nail pushing plate is in the proximal position, the knife-lifting portion is supported by the supporting structure, and the end actuator is in a first state. In the first state, in response to the user's operation, the pusher passes the limiting structure and moves distally to cooperate with the nail pushing plate, thereby driving the nail pushing plate to move distally.

[0012] When the nail magazine assembly is not installed in the nail magazine seat or the nail push plate is in the distal position, the knife lifting part is suspended in the nail magazine seat and the end actuator is in the second state; in the second state, in response to the user's operation, the pusher is blocked by the limiting structure when moving distally.

[0013] For example, in a surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the support structure includes a support groove formed at the bottom of the nail pushing plate, and the support groove includes a bottom wall. When the end actuator is in the first state, the bottom wall of the support groove presses against the knife lifting part to support the knife lifting part.

[0014] For example, in the surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the support groove further includes an inclined section, which is located proximal to the bottom wall and connected to the bottom wall, and the proximal side of the inclined section is low and the distal side is high.

[0015] For example, in a surgical instrument provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a receiving groove is provided on the nail pushing plate, and the cutting knife is accommodated in the receiving groove, which is connected to the supporting groove. When the end actuator is in the first state, a part of the knife lifting part is accommodated in the receiving groove, and the other part is accommodated in the supporting groove; the upper end surface of the knife lifting part abuts against the cutting knife, so that the cutting knife is in a blade-out state; the lower end surface of the knife lifting part abuts against the bottom wall of the supporting groove.

[0016] For example, in a surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pusher includes a limiting portion. In a first state, the limiting portion is at a first height, and the limiting portion is higher than the limiting structure so that the pusher can pass over the limiting structure. In a second state, the limiting portion is at a second height, and the limiting structure blocks the limiting portion to block the pusher; the second height is lower than the first height.

[0017] For example, in a surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the limiting structure is a groove, and the groove includes a stop wall. When the pusher is at a first height, the limiting portion is higher than the upper edge of the stop wall and is located outside the groove; when the pusher is at a second height, the limiting portion is lower than the upper edge of the stop wall and is located inside the groove.

[0018] For example, in the surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nail magazine seat further includes a stop protrusion, which is located on the distal side of the stop wall and higher than the upper edge of the stop wall.

[0019] For example, in the surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nail magazine seat further includes an initial surface, which is located proximal to the groove. When the pusher is in the initial position, the pusher portion abuts against the initial surface to be at a first height.

[0020] For example, in the surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pusher also has a pressure end extending in a direction away from the knife lifting part, and the nail magazine seat is also provided with a first elastic member, one end of the first elastic member is connected to the nail magazine seat, and the other end is against the pressure end, and the first elastic member applies a downward elastic force to the pressure end. When the end actuator is in the second state, in response to the distal movement of the pusher, the pusher moves downward under the elastic force of the first elastic member, so that the limiting part enters the groove.

[0021] For example, in a surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, a guiding bevel is provided on the proximal side of the groove, and the guiding bevel is connected to the initial surface.

[0022] For example, in a surgical instrument provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pusher includes a knife rod and a knife holder head connected to the knife rod, and the knife lifting portion is arranged on the lower side of the knife holder head. In response to the user's operation, the knife rod drives the knife holder head to move distally.

[0023] The surgical instrument provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a limiting structure on the nail magazine seat for limiting and stopping the pusher. When the surgical instrument is installed with a used nail magazine assembly or without the nail magazine assembly, the pusher can be limited and stopped to prevent the pusher from driving the nail pushing plate and the cutting knife to move distally, so that the surgical instrument cannot perform the cutting operation, thereby avoiding damage to the human body. The embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a support structure at the bottom of the nail pushing plate to lift the knife lifting part of the pusher so that the pusher moves distally over the limiting structure to the feeding position. In this way, when the surgical instrument is normally installed with an unused nail magazine assembly, the support structure of the nail pushing plate will lift the knife lifting part, thereby preventing the pusher from contacting the limiting structure on the nail magazine seat during the process of moving distally, so that the pusher can normally drive the nail pushing plate and the cutting knife to move distally, so that the surgical instrument can perform suturing and cutting operations, ensuring the normal use of the surgical instrument, and solving the problem that a surgical instrument with a nail magazine with a knife has a risk of damaging the human body when a used nail magazine assembly is installed or a nail magazine assembly is not installed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG1 is an exploded view of a surgical instrument provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a surgical instrument provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a propeller provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure when it is in an initial position;

[0027] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a propeller provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure when it is in a safety position;

[0028] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a nail pushing plate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG6 is a cross-sectional view of a nail pushing plate provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0030] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a staple cartridge assembly provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] 1. The support portion includes the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, the support rail, DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present disclosure more clearly understood, the present disclosure is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "proximal" (also referred to as the proximal end, the proximal end) and "distal" (also referred to as the distal end, the distal end) used in this article are relative to the clinician who manipulates the handle of the stapler. The term "proximal" refers to the part close to the clinician, and the term "distal" refers to the part away from the clinician. That is, the handle is the proximal side, and the jaw assembly is the distal side. For example, the proximal end of a component refers to the end relatively close to the handle, and the distal end refers to the end relatively close to the jaw assembly. The terms "upper" and "lower" are based on the relative positions of the anvil and the staple magazine seat of the jaw assembly. Specifically, the anvil is at the "upper" and the staple magazine seat is at the "lower". However, the stapler can be used in many directions and positions, so these terms expressing relative positional relationships are not restrictive and absolute.

[0034] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a movably connection, or an integral body; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements such as abutment. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances. It should be noted that when there are qualifiers before "connected" and "connection", they have the meaning defined by the corresponding qualifiers, and only exclude situations that obviously need to be excluded, and do not exclude other possible situations. For example, "detachably connected" refers to a detachable connection, and does not include being integrated, but movably connected, etc. are not excluded.

[0035] Referring to Figures 1 to 7 , embodiments of the present disclosure provide a surgical instrument comprising an end effector, a cannula assembly, and a handle assembly, the handle assembly being connected to the end effector via the cannula assembly. The cannula assembly includes a pusher 10 and a cannula that is partially enclosed by the pusher 10. The surgical instrument also includes a transmission assembly and a power assembly. The pusher 10 is connected to the power assembly via the transmission assembly, driven by the power assembly to move proximally or distally along the length of the cannula. In this embodiment, the power assembly includes a motor and a gear connected to the motor output shaft. The transmission assembly includes a rack that meshes with the gear and is connected to the pusher. In response to rotation of the motor, the gear rotates to drive the rack proximally or distally, thereby driving the pusher proximally or distally. The end effector comprises a jaw assembly and a staple cartridge assembly 40. The jaw assembly includes a staple cartridge seat 20 and an anvil 30 pivotally connected to the staple cartridge seat 20. The staple cartridge assembly 40 is removably mounted within the staple cartridge seat 20. The anvil 30 can selectively move between an open position and a closed position, enabling the end effector to switch between the open and closed states, thereby cooperating with the staple cartridge holder 20 and the staple cartridge assembly 40 to clamp or release tissue. The distal end of the cannula is connected to the anvil 30, and the proximal end is connected to the transmission assembly. Specifically, the transmission assembly also includes a jaw drive structure, and the proximal end of the cannula is connected to the jaw drive structure. In one embodiment, the jaw drive structure includes a jaw drive motor and a jaw drive assembly. The jaw drive assembly includes a gear connected to the jaw drive motor and a rack meshing with the gear. The rack is connected to the cannula. In response to rotation of the motor, the gear rotates to drive the rack to move, thereby driving the cannula forward or backward. In another embodiment, the jaw drive structure includes a handle, a connecting rod assembly connected to the handle, and an unlocking assembly. The connecting rod assembly is connected to the cannula. When the handle is pressed, the connecting rod assembly moves to drive the cannula forward. When the unlocking assembly is pressed, the unlocking assembly acts on the connecting rod to move the cannula backward. The rearward (i.e., proximal) movement of the sleeve causes the anvil 30 to pivot upward to open the jaw assembly, and the forward (i.e., distal) movement of the sleeve causes the anvil 30 to pivot downward to close the jaw assembly. The cartridge assembly 40 includes a cartridge pusher plate assembly and a cartridge body 43. The cartridge pusher plate assembly is detachably connected to the pusher 10 so as to be driven by the pusher 10 to perform a firing action.

[0036] For example, the nail pusher plate assembly includes a nail pusher plate 41 and a cutting blade 42 movably connected to the nail pusher plate 41. The proximal side of the pusher 10 is connected to the transmission assembly, while the distal side is detachably connected to the nail pusher plate 41 and the cutting blade 42, thereby driving the movement of the nail pusher plate 41 and the cutting blade 42. In other words, the surgical instrument in this embodiment has a nail magazine with a cutting blade. The nail magazine seat 20 has a limit structure for limiting and stopping the pusher 10. The pusher 10 has a knife-lifting portion 121 extending distally, and the bottom of the nail pushing plate 41 has a supporting structure. When the nail magazine assembly 40 is installed in the nail magazine seat 20 and the nail pushing plate 41 is in the proximal position, the bottom of the knife-lifting portion 121 is supported by the supporting structure, and the end actuator is in a first state. In the first state, in response to the user's operation, the pusher 10 moves distally across the limiting structure. When the pusher 10 moves distally, it cooperates with the nail pushing plate 41 to drive the nail pushing plate 41 to move distally; the proximal position means that the nail pushing plate 41 is located proximal to the nail magazine assembly 40.

[0037] When the nail magazine assembly 40 is not installed in the nail magazine seat 20, or the nail push plate 41 of the installed nail magazine assembly 40 is not on the proximal side of the nail magazine assembly 40 (in the nail magazine assembly 40 that has been fired, the nail push plate 41 is located on the distal side of the nail magazine assembly 40), the end actuator is in the second state, and the knife lifter 121 is suspended in the nail magazine seat 20. At this time, the end actuator is in the second state. Suspension means that the bottom of the knife lifter 121 is not supported by the supporting structure and is in a suspended state. In the second state, in response to the user's operation, the pusher 10 moves distally and is blocked by the limiting structure. The pusher 10 cannot continue to move distally, so that the pusher 10 cannot fire normally.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the blade is not being advanced, the pusher 10 is at a first height. When the end actuator is in a first state, the support structure supports the pusher 10 at the bottom, so that the pusher 10 is always at the first height when moving distally, and can drive the nail push plate 41 to move distally beyond the limiting structure, and can fire normally. When the end actuator is in a second state, the pusher 10 is at a first height and the blade lifting portion 121 is suspended in the nail magazine seat 20. In response to the user's operation, when the pusher 10 moves distally, since the blade lifting portion 121 is not supported, it will switch from the first height to the second height and continue to move distally, and will be blocked by the limiting structure. The second height is lower than the first height, and the limiting structure can only block the pusher 10 from moving distally at the second height, and cannot block the pusher 10 from moving distally at the first height. From the above, it can be seen that the surgical instrument in this embodiment can be fired normally only when the nail magazine assembly 40 is installed in the nail magazine seat 20 and the nail pusher plate 41 is in the proximal position. It cannot be fired when the nail magazine assembly 40 is not installed in the nail magazine seat 20, or the nail pusher plate 41 of the installed nail magazine assembly 40 is not proximal to the nail magazine assembly 40. This avoids the problem that when a surgical instrument with a nail magazine with a knife is installed with a used nail magazine assembly 40 or the nail magazine assembly 40 is not installed, the pusher 10 moving distally does not drive the cutting knife 42 to cut the tissue distally, but directly squeezes the tissue, causing damage to the tissue.

[0039] The support structure includes a support groove 411 formed at the bottom of the nail pushing plate 41. The support groove 411 includes a bottom wall. When the end actuator is in the first state, the bottom wall of the support groove 411 abuts against the knife lifting portion 121 to support the knife lifting portion 121. At this time, the knife lifting portion 121 is partially located in the support groove 411. When the pusher 10 moves distally, the lower end of the knife lifting portion 121 abuts against the bottom wall of the support groove 411 and slides relative to the support groove 411. After the knife lifting portion 121 completely enters the support groove 411, the pusher 10 is still at the first height under the support of the support groove 411 and can drive the nail pushing plate 41 to move distally for firing. The support of the support groove 411 on the knife lifting portion 121 prevents the pusher 10 from moving downward to the second height. The pusher 10 at the first height can smoothly cross the limiting structure to drive the nail pushing plate 41.

[0040] When installing the nail magazine assembly 40 with the nail push plate 41 on the proximal side, after the nail magazine assembly 40 is inserted into the nail magazine seat 20, the bottom wall of the support groove 411 extends into the lower side of the knife lifter 121 and supports the knife lifter 121. To facilitate the installation of the nail magazine assembly 40, the support groove 411 also includes an inclined section 4111. The inclined section 4111 is located on the proximal side of the bottom wall and connected to the bottom wall. The inclined section 4111 is low on the proximal side and high on the distal side. That is, the inclined section 4111 is inclined downward in the proximal direction. When the nail magazine assembly 40 is installed, it is installed from the distal side to the proximal side. At the same time, the lower side of the knife lifter 121 has an avoidance slope 1214. The arrangement of the inclined section 4111 and the avoidance slope 1214 allows the inclined section 4111 to more easily enter the space below the knife lifter 121, guiding the installation of the nail magazine assembly 40.

[0041] The nail pushing plate 41 is provided with a receiving groove, in which the cutting blade 42 is accommodated. The supporting groove 411 is located at the lower side of the receiving groove and is connected to the receiving groove. Specifically, the nail pushing plate 41 has two oppositely arranged side walls 412, and at least a portion of the cutting blade 42 is accommodated between the two side walls 412. In other words, a receiving groove is formed between the two side walls 412, and the cutting blade 42 can slide up and down within the receiving groove. Before the nail magazine assembly 40 is installed, the cutting blade 42 is completely located within the receiving groove and is in a blade-retracting state. The side walls 412 are provided with a vertical slide groove 413, and the cutting blade 42 is provided with a guide protrusion 421 that is compatible with the slide groove 413. When the cutting blade 42 is extended, it extends vertically upward along the slide groove 413 through the guide protrusion 421. A gap is set between the cutting blade 42 and the side walls 412 to reduce the friction between the side walls 412 and the cutting blade 42. At the same time, the provision of the slide groove 413 stabilizes the direction in which the cutting blade 42 is extended. The support groove 411 is located below the receiving groove and is open at the proximal side, so that the knife lifting portion 121 can enter the support groove 411 from the proximal side. From the overall perspective, the proximal side of the support groove 411 is in a trumpet shape.

[0042] The knife lifting portion 121 has a driving inclined surface 1213, which is arranged on the upper side of the distal end of the knife lifting portion 121. When the nail magazine assembly 40 is installed, the lower side of the knife lifting portion 121 enters the support groove 411, and the upper side enters the receiving groove, and the driving inclined surface 1213 is used to support the cutting knife 42. Under the action of the driving inclined surface 1213, the cutting knife 42 slides upward and is exposed outside the receiving groove. The cutting knife 42 switches to the blade-out state. After the installation of the nail magazine assembly 40 is completed, the end actuator is in the first state. At this time, a part of the knife lifting portion 121 is accommodated in the receiving groove, and the other part is accommodated in the support groove 411. The upper end surface of the knife lifting portion 121 supports the cutting knife 42, and the lower end surface supports the bottom wall of the support groove 411. The knife lifting portion 121 does not support the distal side of the support groove 411, and the cutting knife 42 is in the blade-out state.

[0043] In the first state, the pusher 10 cannot directly drive the push plate 41 to move when it moves distally. When the pusher 10 moves distally, it slides relative to the push plate 41 until the pusher 10 and the push plate 41 cooperate. The cooperation means that the blade lifting portion 121 abuts the distal side of the support groove 411. At this time, the pusher 10 can drive the push plate 41 to move distally to fire. During the process of the blade lifting portion 121 moving distally to cooperate with the push plate 41, the pusher 10 is always at the first height under the action of the support groove 411, and can pass over the limiting structure without being blocked by the limiting structure.

[0044] The pusher 10 is provided with a limit portion 13. The limit portion 13 is configured to be blocked by the limit structure when the pusher 10 is at the second height. When the pusher 10 is at the first height and moving distally, the limit portion 13 is higher than the limit structure, allowing the pusher 10 to pass over the limit structure. When the pusher 10 is at the second height and moving distally, the limit structure blocks the limit portion 13, thereby blocking the pusher 10.

[0045] Referring to Figures 3 and 4 , in this embodiment, the limiting structure is a groove 21, the limiting portion 13 is a protrusion, and the groove 21 includes a stop wall 212 located distally of the groove 21. The limiting portion 13 is provided on the side of the pusher 10. When the pusher 10 is at a first height, the limiting portion 13 is higher than the upper edge of the stop wall 212 and located outside the groove 21. Therefore, when the pusher 10 moves distally at the first height, the stop wall 212 cannot block the limiting portion 13. When the pusher 10 is at a second height, the limiting portion 13 is lower than the upper edge of the stop wall 212 and located within the groove 21. Therefore, when the pusher 10 moves distally at the first height, the stop wall 212 blocks the limiting portion 13, preventing the pusher 10 from further distal movement. Further, referring to Figures 3 to 4, the nail magazine seat 20 also includes a stop protrusion 22, which is located on the distal side of the stop wall 212 and higher than the upper edge of the stop wall 212. This can enhance the limiting effect of the limiting structure and prevent the pusher 10 from crossing the limiting structure due to a high speed when moving distally at the second height.

[0046] Referring to Figure 7 , the staple cartridge holder 20 further includes an initial surface 24, which is located proximal to the recess 21. When the pusher 10 is in the initial position, a portion thereof abuts against the initial surface 24 to maintain a first height. The blade lifter 121 is located distal to the initial surface 24 and overhangs the recess 21. Specifically, when the pusher 10 is in the initial position, the stopper 13 abuts against the initial surface 24, positioning the stopper 13 proximal to and above the recess 21.

[0047] When the nail magazine assembly 40 is not installed in the nail magazine seat 20, or the nail pushing plate 41 of the installed nail magazine assembly 40 is not on the proximal side of the nail magazine assembly 40, the knife lifting portion 121 is not supported, and when the pusher 10 moves from the initial position to the distal side, it first moves downward into the groove 21, and the limiting portion 13 abuts against the bottom surface of the groove 21 to make the pusher 10 at the second height.

[0048] In order to ensure that when the knife-lifting portion 121 is not supported, the pusher 10 can stably enter the groove 21 and avoid directly passing through the limiting structure, the pusher 10 also has a pressure end 14 extending in a direction away from the knife-lifting portion 121, and the nail magazine seat 20 is also provided with a first elastic member 23, one end of the first elastic member 23 is connected to the nail magazine seat 20, and the other end abuts against the pressure end 14 and applies a downward elastic force to the pressure end 14. The pusher 10 is in an initial position before moving distally, and in the initial position, the limiting portion 13 is located above the groove 21. When the pusher 10 moves distally from the initial position, the pusher 10 moves downward under the elastic force of the first elastic member 23, so that the limiting portion 13 enters the groove 21. In this embodiment, the first elastic member 23 is a spring sheet, the proximal side of the spring sheet is fixed to the nail magazine seat 20, and the distal side presses the pressure end 14 to the bottom of the nail magazine seat 20, and the distal side of the spring sheet has a middle through hole protruding proximal to the pressure end 14 to improve the fixing effect. Of course, the middle through hole has a suitable length so as not to affect the normal movement of the pusher 10. When the surgical instrument is installed with a used nail magazine assembly 40 or the nail magazine assembly 40 is not installed, the spring sheet always presses the pressure end 14, and there is no nail pushing plate 41 on the proximal side of the nail magazine seat 20, and the knife lifting part 121 cannot be switched to the mating state, so that the limit part 13 of the pusher 10 enters the groove 21 during the movement toward the distal side and is limited and stopped by the stop wall of the groove 21. When the surgical instrument is normally installed with an unused nail magazine assembly 40, the spring will continue to press the pressed end 14, but the knife lifting part 121 switches to the mating state so that the pusher 10 is lifted to overcome the elastic force of the spring, so that the spring does not affect the distal movement of the pusher 10.

[0049] It should be noted that a guide bevel 213 is provided on the proximal side of the groove 21, and the guide bevel 213 is connected to the initial surface 24. After the pusher 10 moves distally to drive the push plate 41 to fire distally, in response to the user's operation, the pusher 10 moves proximally back to the initial position. When the pusher 10 moves proximally, the limiting portion 13 adheres to the bottom wall of the nail magazine seat 20. When passing through the groove 21, the limiting portion 13 enters the groove 21, abuts against the bottom wall of the groove 21, and moves proximally in the groove 21. When the limiting portion 13 contacts the guide bevel 213, the guide bevel 213 guides the limiting portion 13, so that the pusher 10 moves upward through the groove 21. The limiting portion 13 abuts against the initial surface 24, so that the pusher 10 returns to the initial position smoothly. Specifically, please refer to Figures 2 to 4. The pusher 10 includes a knife rod 11 and a knife holder head 12. The blade holder head 12 is connected to the distal side of the blade rod 11. The proximal side of the blade rod 11 is connected to the transmission assembly. The limiter 13 is disposed on one side of the blade holder head 12, located near the bottom of the staple cartridge seat 20. When the staple cartridge assembly 40 is installed on the staple cartridge seat 20 and the pusher 10 moves distally along its length, the blade holder head 12 pushes the nail pusher plate 41 forward. The blade holder head 12 engages with the cutting blade 42, causing the cutting blade 42 to be lifted and further detachably connected to the blade holder head 12. The cutting blade 42 protrudes from the staple ejection surface 431 of the staple cartridge body 43. Furthermore, the blade holder head 12 includes a blade lifter 121 and a support 122. The blade lifter 121 is located on the lower side of the blade holder head 12. The support 122 is located on the upper side of the blade holder head 12. The blade lifter 121 and the support 122 correspond in position.

[0050] After the pusher 10 passes the limiting structure, it drives the nail pushing plate 41 to move distally to advance the knife. When the nail pushing plate 41 moves to the distal side of the staple cartridge assembly 40, the knife advancement is completed. At this time, the pusher 10 moves proximally to retract the knife. The pusher 10 can only drive the nail pushing plate 41 to move distally and cannot pull the nail pushing plate 41 proximally. The knife lifting portion 121 moves proximally with the pusher 10, and the knife lifting portion 121 separates from the nail pushing plate 41. The pusher 10 moves proximally to the initial position, while the nail pushing plate 41 remains on the distal side of the staple cartridge assembly 40.

[0051] Specifically, referring to Figure 6, the push plate 41 is provided with a knife receiving groove 415 capable of accommodating at least a portion of the cutting blade 42. A second elastic member 414 is also provided within the push plate 41 and accommodated within the knife receiving groove 415. Specifically, the second elastic member 414 is a shaped spring. One end of the second elastic member 414 abuts the cutting blade 42, while the other end abuts the inner wall of the knife receiving groove 415, thereby applying an elastic force to the cutting blade 42 to maintain it in a hidden state. When the driving bevel 1213 of the knife lifter 121 contacts the bottom of the cutting blade 42, the cutting blade 42 moves upward, the second elastic member 414 is compressed, and the cutting blade 42 continues to move upward and extends, switching from a hidden state to an extended state. When the blade is retracted, the pusher 10 drives the knife lifter 121 proximally. When the knife lifter 121 no longer abuts the cutting blade 42, the second elastic member 414 rebounds, causing the cutting blade 42 to retract into the knife receiving groove 415.

[0052] After the pusher 10 returns to the initial position, the knife is withdrawn, the medical staff controls the jaw assembly to open, and moves the stapler out of the human body, and the operation is completed.

[0053] When the surgical instrument provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is installed with a used staple cartridge assembly 40 or without the staple cartridge assembly 40, the end actuator is in the second state. At this time, the pusher 10 will be blocked by the limiting structure when moving distally and cannot continue to move, thereby preventing the pusher 10 from directly squeezing the tissue and causing damage to the tissue. Only when the staple cartridge seat 20 is installed with the staple cartridge assembly 40 and the staple push plate 41 is in the proximal position, the end actuator is in the first state, lifting the pusher 10 to advance distally over the limiting structure. This ensures the normal use of the surgical instrument and avoids the risk of injury to the human body when the surgical instrument with a staple cartridge with a knife is installed with a used staple cartridge assembly 40 or without the staple cartridge assembly 40.

[0054] It should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each implementation method can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0055] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible implementation methods of the present disclosure. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Any equivalent implementation methods or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A surgical instrument comprising an end effector and a cannula assembly, wherein: The casing assembly includes a pusher, The end actuator comprises a jaw assembly and a nail magazine assembly, wherein the jaw assembly comprises a nail magazine seat and a nail anvil seat pivotally connected to the nail magazine seat, the nail magazine seat has a limiting structure, the nail magazine assembly is detachably installed in the nail magazine seat, and the nail magazine assembly comprises a nail pushing plate and a cutting knife movably connected to the nail pushing plate; The bottom of the pusher has a knife-lifting portion, and the bottom of the nail-pushing plate has a supporting structure. When the nail magazine assembly is installed in the nail magazine seat and the nail-pushing plate is in a proximal position, the knife-lifting portion is supported by the supporting structure, and the end actuator is in a first state; When the end effector is in the first state, the pusher moves distally across the limiting structure in response to a user's operation to cooperate with the nail pushing plate, thereby driving the nail pushing plate to move distally; When the nail magazine assembly is not installed in the nail magazine seat or the nail pushing plate is in the distal position, the knife lifting portion is suspended in the nail magazine seat, and the end actuator is in the second state; When the end actuator is in the second state, the pusher is blocked by the limiting structure when moving distally in response to a user's operation.

2. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: The support structure includes a support groove formed at the bottom of the nail pushing plate, and the support groove includes a bottom wall. Wherein, when the end actuator is in the first state, the bottom wall of the support groove abuts against the knife lifting portion to support the knife lifting portion.

3. The surgical instrument according to claim 2, wherein: The supporting groove further includes an inclined section, which is located near the bottom wall and connected to the bottom wall, and the height of the distal side of the inclined section is higher than the height of the proximal side of the inclined section.

4. The surgical instrument according to claim 2, wherein: The push nail plate is provided with a receiving groove, the cutting knife is accommodated in the receiving groove, and the receiving groove is communicated with the supporting groove. Wherein, when the end effector is in the first state, a part of the knife lifting part is accommodated in the receiving groove, and another part is accommodated in the supporting groove; The upper end surface of the knife lifting portion abuts against the cutting knife, so that the cutting knife is in a blade-out state; the lower end surface of the knife lifting portion abuts against the bottom wall of the supporting groove.

5. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: The thruster comprises a limiting portion, Wherein, when the end actuator is in the first state, the limiting portion is at a first height, and the limiting portion is higher than the limiting structure so that the pusher can pass over the limiting structure. When the end actuator is in the second state, the limiting portion is at a second height, and the limiting structure blocks the limiting portion to block the pusher; the second height is lower than the first height.

6. The surgical instrument according to claim 5, wherein: The limiting structure is a groove, which includes a stop wall, wherein when the thruster is at the first height, the limiting portion is higher than the upper edge of the stop wall and is located outside the groove; when the thruster is at the second height, the limiting portion is lower than the upper edge of the stop wall and is located inside the groove.

7. The surgical instrument according to claim 6, wherein: The nail magazine seat also includes a stop convex portion, which is located at the far side of the stop wall and higher than the upper edge of the stop wall.

8. The surgical instrument according to claim 6, wherein: The nail magazine seat also includes an initial surface, which is located on the proximal side of the groove. When the pusher is in the initial position, the pusher part abuts against the initial surface to be at the first height.

9. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein: The pusher also has a pressure-receiving end extending in a direction away from the knife-lifting portion, and the nail magazine seat is also provided with a first elastic member, wherein one end of the first elastic member is connected to the nail magazine seat, and the other end abuts against the pressure-receiving end so that the first elastic member applies an elastic force toward the bottom of the nail magazine seat to the pressure-receiving end. When the end actuator is in the second state, in response to the distal movement of the pusher, the pusher moves toward the bottom of the nail magazine seat under the elastic force of the first elastic member, so that the limiting portion enters the groove.

10. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein: A guide slope is provided on the proximal side of the groove, and the guide slope is connected to the initial surface.

11. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: The pusher includes a knife bar and a knife holder head connected to the knife bar, and the knife lifting part is arranged on one side of the knife holder head close to the bottom of the nail magazine seat. Wherein, the knife rod is configured to drive the knife holder head to move distally in response to a user's operation.

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