Devices and methods of communication
By selecting appropriate time and frequency resources based on received information, the system addresses the challenge of resource determination for A-IoT devices, enhancing communication efficiency and reducing complexity and power consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110422
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems face challenges in determining time and frequency resources for ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) devices to perform effective D2R transmissions.
The system performs time and frequency resource selection for A-IoT devices by receiving information about available frequency resources and access occasions, and then determines an access occasion and frequency resource based on this information to facilitate D2R transmissions.
This approach enables efficient determination of resources for D2R transmissions, improving communication effectiveness in A-IoT systems while minimizing complexity and power consumption.
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Figure CN2024110422_30052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to devices and methods of communication for ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Currently, a terminological and scoping framework has been provided for future discussions of A-IoT. Representative use cases, deployment scenarios, connectivity topologies have been defined. Further, a preliminary feasibility assessment has been conducted and recommendations for down-selection in setting a scope of future A-IoT study have been given. Future A-IoT study targets a further assessment at radio access network (RAN) work group (WG) -level of A-IoT suitable for deployment in a third generation partnership project (3GPP) system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for very-low end IoT applications.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, devices, processors and systems that support a communication with an A-IoT device. By performing time and frequency resource selection for a transmission from an A-IoT device to a communication node, the transmission from the A-IoT device to the communication node may be carried out.
[0005] In a first aspect, some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may comprise: receiving, at a first device and from a second device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device; receiving, from the second device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions; determining, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; and performing a transmission from the first device to the second device based on the frequency resource and the access occasion.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, determining the access occasion and the frequency resource may comprise: determining the access occasion from the set of access occasions based on the parameter or both the parameter and number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources; and determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources within the access occasion.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, determining the access occasion based on the parameter may comprise a first procedure comprising: generating a random number based on the parameter; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.
[0008] Some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, performing the first procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion.
[0009] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, determining the access occasion based on both the parameter and the number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources may comprise a second procedure comprising: generating a random number based on the parameter and the number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a third value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes one of multiple pre-defined values during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.
[0010] Some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, performing the second procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, performing the second procedure based on an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, performing the second procedure based on both an updated parameter and an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources within the access occasion may be based on at least one of the following: a random selection from the set of frequency resources; a mapping between the frequency resource and a counter value corresponding to a second procedure for determining the access occasion; a mapping between the frequency resource and identity information of the first device; or a mapping between the frequency resource and filter information of the first device.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, determining the access occasion and the frequency resource may comprise: determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; and determining the access occasion from the set of access occasions within the frequency resource.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources may be based on at least one of the following: a random selection from the set of frequency resources; a mapping between the frequency resource and identity information of the first device; or a mapping between the frequency resource and filter information of the first device.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, the identity information of the first device may comprise at least one of the following: a permanent device identity of the first device; a temporary device identity of the first device; a first identity obtained by a first processing of the permanent device identity; or a second identity obtained by a second processing of temporary device identity.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, the filter information of the first device may comprise at least one of the following: a device type of the first device; a device capability of the first device; a data size for the transmission from the first device to the second device; or an energy level of the first device.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, the parameter is common for the set of frequency resources, and determining the access occasion may comprise a third procedure comprising: generating a random number based on the parameter; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during an occasion, determining the occasion as the access occasion.
[0017] Some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, performing the third procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and performing the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and performing the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, a set of parameters is indicated for the set of frequency resources, and determining the access occasion may comprise a fourth procedure comprising: generating a random number based on a parameter corresponding to the determined frequency resource in the set of parameters; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value for the determined frequency resource is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.
[0019] Some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter for the determined frequency resource is received, performing the fourth procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and performing the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter for the determined frequency resource and the one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources, and performing the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter corresponding to the re-determined frequency resource.
[0020] Some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that a message triggering an access to the second device is received, determining that the indication of updating the counter value is received; or in accordance with a determination that the message triggering the access to the second device comprises the indication of updating the counter value, determining that the indication of updating the counter value is received.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, the first device may be an A-IoT device, and the second device may be a base station or an intermediate node between the base station and the A-IoT device.
[0022] In a second aspect, some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may comprise: transmitting, at a second device and to a first device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device; transmitting, to the first device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions; and receiving a transmission from the first device to the second device based on an access occasion and a frequency resource that are determined from the set of access occasions and the set of frequency resources at least based on the first and second information.
[0023] Some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may further comprise: transmitting, to the first device, a message triggering an access to the second device as an indication of updating the counter value; or transmitting the message triggering the access to the second device comprising the indication of updating the counter value.
[0024] Some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein may further comprise at least one of the following: transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating the counter value for one or more frequency resources; transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating the parameter for one or more frequency resources; transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources; or transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating both the parameter for one or more frequency resources and one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods, devices and processors described herein, the first device may be an A-IoT device, and the second device may be a base station or an intermediate node between the base station and the A-IoT device.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of time division multiplexing (TDM) resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another example method that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0035] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0036] References in the present disclosure to ‘one embodiment, ’ ‘an example embodiment, ’ ‘an embodiment, ’ ‘some embodiments, ’ and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. The term ‘embodiment’ may be interchangeably used with ‘implementation’ .
[0037] It shall be understood that although the terms ‘first’ and ‘second’ or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of implementations. As used herein, the term ‘and / or’ includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0038] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting of example implementations. As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms ‘comprises’ , ‘comprising’ , ‘has’ , ‘having’ , ‘includes’ and / or ‘including’ , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0039] For illustration, example device types of an A-IoT device are listed below. It is to be understood that any other suitable device types may also be feasible.
[0040] - device 1: ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0041] - device 2a: ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0042] - device 2b: ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device’s UL transmission is generated internally by the A-IoT device.
[0043] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘a first device’ may refer to a battery-less device with no energy storage capability or a device with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. The term ‘a first device’ may be interchangeably used with ‘an A-IoT device’ or ‘A-IoT UE’ .
[0044] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘a second device’ may refer to a communication node communicating with an A-IoT device. For example, the communication node may be a base station or an intermediate node between the base station and the A-IoT device. For example, the intermediate node may be a relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT associated functionalities. In some embodiments, the second device may be a node providing excitation signal or energy to the A-IoT device. In some embodiments, the second device may be a node transmitting a command to the A-IoT device to implement a selection, inventory or access (e.g., read and write) to the A-IoT device. For convenience, the term ‘a second device’ may be interchangeably used with ‘a communication node’ or ‘a terminal device’ or “a base station” .
[0045] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘A-IoT’ may be interchangeably used with ‘passive IoT’ . The term ‘R2D transmission’ may refer to a transmission from a communication node to an A-IoT device, and the term ‘D2R transmission’ may refer to a transmission from an A-IoT device to a communication node. The term ‘access occasion’ herein may refer to an occasion available for an A-IoT device to access to a communication node, and may be interchangeably used with ‘occasion’ or ‘access slot’ .
[0046] Currently, it has been agreed that A-IoT paging message indicates information from which an A-IoT device can determine resources to be used for response, i.e., D2R message, but how to provide the resources and what resources are provided to the A-IoT device can be further considered. In a legacy radio frequency identification (RFID) system, Q mechanism is used for a tag to identify an access occasion by random selection and only one tag is allowed to access to interrogators during one access occasion. Since an A-IoT system has agreed that a slotted-ALOHA is a baseline for A-IoT random access procedure, the Q mechanism may be used as a starting point for an A-IoT random access contention-based solution.
[0047] Both time division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM) resources may be used for a D2R transmission of A-IoT devices. However, it is unclear how to determine time and frequency resources for a D2R transmission.
[0048] Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of determining time and frequency resources to perform a D2R transmission. In the solution, a second device may transmit, to a first device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device, and transmit, to the first device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions. At least based on the first and second information, the first device may determine an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources. Based on the determined frequency resource and access occasion, the first device may perform a transmission from the first device to the second device. In this way, resources for a D2R transmission may be determined and the D2R transmission may be carried out.
[0049] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0050] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports a paging for an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) . For convenience, network entities 102-1, 102-2 and 102-3 are shown and are collectively referred to as one or more network entities 102 hereinafter. The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more A-IoT devices 101, one or more UEs 104, a CN 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0051] The one or more A-IoT devices 101 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. An A-IoT device 101 may be a battery-less device with no energy storage capability or a device with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. The A-IoT device 101 may comprise an energy harvesting module and a backscattering module. The A-IoT device 101 may receive an energy supply signal or command via the energy harvesting module and backscatter a signal via the backscattering module.
[0052] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0053] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0054] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0055] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an IAB node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0056] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0057] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0058] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an IAB network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0059] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0060] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0061] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0062] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0063] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core, or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include one or more core network devices 103. A core network device 103 may be a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) or a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0064] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0065] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0066] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0067] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0068] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0069] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0070] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0071] In some scenarios, the A-IoT device 101 may directly and bidirectionally communicates with the network entity 102. The communication between the A-IoT device 101 and the network entity 102 includes A-IoT data and / or signaling. These scenarios may be called as Topology 1.
[0072] In some scenarios, the A-IoT device 101 may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the A-IoT device 101 and the network entity 102. The intermediate node may be the UE 104, a relay, a IAB node, a repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node may transfer A-IoT data and / or signaling between the A-IoT device 101 and the network entity 102. These scenarios may be called as Topology 2.
[0073] It is considered that both TDM and FDM resources may be used for a D2R transmission of A-IoT devices. FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram 200A of TDM resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2A, the TDM resources may include time resources such as occasion 1, occasion 2, occasion 3, etc. for a specific frequency.
[0074] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram 200B of FDM resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2B, the FDM resources may include frequency resources such as f1, f2, f3, f4, etc. on a specific occasion (e.g., occasion 1) .
[0075] For a TDM resource, a communication node may handle one A-IoT device during each access occasion, and Q-like mechanism may be used for A-IoT devices to perform a contention resolution. However, in the case that FDM is supported for a D2R transmission, multiple A-IoT devices may perform access during the same access occasion, i.e., the same access time slot. Then in addition to determining the access occasion, each A-IoT device may need to further determine a specific frequency resource to perform access.
[0076] For A-IoT system, in the case that a paging message indicates a group ID, the paging message is targeted for a group of A-IoT devices. In the case that the paging message indicates no ID information, the paging message is targeted for all A-IoT devices. For both cases, in addition to the ID information, the paging message may further indicate a specific time / frequency resource for the A-IoT devices to perform D2R transmission. Since no explicit A-IoT device ID are indicated, a communication node cannot provide a dedicated resource for each A-IoT device, then contention resolution is needed among the group of devices, or all devices receive the paging message. This means that contention resolution may be needed for an A-IoT device to determine a time / frequency resource for access.
[0077] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of determining time and frequency resources to perform a D2R transmission. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 3 below.
[0078] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process 300 that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve an A-IoT device (i.e., first device) 301 and a communication node (i.e., second device) 302. For example, the A-IoT device 301 may be the A-IoT device 101 as shown in FIG. 1, and the communication node 302 may be the network entity 102-1 or the UE 104 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation.
[0079] As shown in FIG. 3, the communication node 302 may transmit 310, to the A-IoT device 301, information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of A-IoT devices to the communication node 302. In some embodiments, the set of frequency resources may comprise one or multiple frequency resources (e.g., f1, f2, f3, etc. as shown in FIG. 2B) . In some embodiments, the set of frequency resources may comprise FDM resources. In some embodiments, the first information may be comprised in an A-IoT paging message or initial trigger message. In some embodiments, the first information may be comprised in an access trigger message or in a message 0 like message of random-access procedure.
[0080] As shown in FIG. 3, the communication node 302 may transmit 320, to the A-IoT device 310, information (for convenience, also referred to as second information herein) of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions. In some embodiments, the parameter may be Q as defined in RFID system. That is, the Q mechanism in RFID system may be reused to assist the A-IoT device to determine the set of access occasions (e.g., occasion 1, occasion 2, occasion 3, etc. as shown in FIG. 2A) . In some embodiments, the parameter Q may refer to the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions. In some embodiments, the second information may be comprised in an A-IoT paging message or initial trigger message. In some embodiments, the second information may be comprised in an access trigger message or in a message 0 like message of random-access procedure.
[0081] As shown in FIG. 3, the A-IoT device 301 may determine 330, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources.
[0082] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine 331 a time resource, i.e., an access occasion or slot firstly, and then determine 332 a specific frequency resource for the determined access occasion or slot to perform access.
[0083] That is, each A-IoT device may determine a time resource, i.e., access occasion for access, and multiple A-IoT devices may perform the access during the same access occasion if FDM is supported. For one or multiple A-IoT devices that select the same access occasion as described above, each A-IoT device may further determine the specific frequency resource to perform access (i.e., D2R transmission) during the access occasion.
[0084] Firstly, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the access occasion from the set of access occasions. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the access occasion based on the parameter (e.g., Q or other similar parameters) related to the set of access occasions. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number based on the parameter, and set a counter value based on the random number. If an indication of updating the counter value is received, the A-IoT device 301 may decrement the counter value by a first value (e.g., 1 or any other suitable values) . If the counter value becomes a second value (e.g., 0 or any other suitable values) during an access occasion (for convenience, also referred to as a first access occasion herein) , the A-IoT device 301 may determine the first access occasion as the access occasion. Such procedure of determining the access occasion based on the parameter may be called as a first procedure herein.
[0085] For example, in response to the received paging message, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number from {0, 2Q-1} and set the random number as a counter value. If the counter value is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any. In another example, in response to the received paging message, in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number from {0, Q} and set the random number as a counter value. If the counter value is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0086] In some embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 comprises the indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) of updating the counter value, the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received. Based on the received indication of updating the counter value, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by the first value. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, to indicate the A-IoT device 301 to update the counter value, e.g., subtract one from current counter value. In response to the received indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) , the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the current counter value by one. If the counter value has decreased to ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion.
[0087] In some alternative embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 is received, the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received. That is, if no explicit indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) is included, each access trigger message may be used to update the counter value. Based on the received access trigger message, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by the first value. For example, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the current counter value by one in response to receiving the access trigger message for next access occasion during the same access round. If the counter value has decreased to ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion.
[0088] In some embodiments, if an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or updated Q value) of updating the parameter is received, the A-IoT device 301 may perform (i.e., re-perform or repeat) the above first procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round, to indicate an updated Q value (e.g., Q’ ) to the A-IoT device 301. Q adjust may also refer to the number of access occasions for each access round updates. In some examples, in response to the received indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) , the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, 2Q’ -1} and set the regenerated random number as current counter value. If the counter value is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any. In some other examples, in response to the received indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) , in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, Q’ } and set the regenerated random number as current counter value. If the counter value is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0089] In some embodiments, the communication node 302 may further update available frequency resource information in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round. However, this does not impact on the time resource selection, i.e., access occasion determination, since frequency information is unrelated to the above first procedure for access occasion determination.
[0090] In some alternative embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the access occasion from the set of access occasions based on both the parameter and number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources. In other words, the Q mechanism in RFID system may be enhanced to assist the A-IoT device 301 to determine the access occasion in case of FDM is supported. For example, the parameter Q may be reused to assist the A-IoT device 301 to determine the set of access occasions (e.g., occasion 1, occasion 2, occasion 3, etc. as shown in FIG. 2A) . Alternatively, the parameter Q may refer to the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions.
[0091] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number based on the parameter and the number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources, and set a counter value based on the random number. If an indication of updating the counter value is received, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by a third value. If the counter value becomes one of multiple pre-defined values during a first access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the first access occasion as the access occasion. Such procedure of determining the access occasion based on the parameter and the number of frequency resources may be called as a second procedure herein.
[0092] For example, a paging message indicates the parameter (e.g., Q) and available frequency resources information (e.g., the supported number (denoted as N) of frequency resources, and associated frequencies, e.g., f1, f2…fN. In response to the received paging message, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number from {0, N×2Q-1} and set the random number as a counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any. In another example, in response to the received paging message, in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number from {0, N×Q} and set the random number as a counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0093] In some embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 comprises the indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) of updating the counter value, the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received. Based on the received indication of updating the counter value, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by the third value. The third value may be N or any other suitable values. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, to indicate the A-IoT device 301 to update the counter value, e.g., subtract N from current counter value. In response to the received indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) , the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the current counter value by N. If the counter value has decreased to one of the multiple defined values during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion.
[0094] In some alternative embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 is received, the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received. That is, if no explicit indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) is included, each access trigger message may be used to update the counter value. Based on the received access trigger message, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by the third value. For example, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the current counter value by N in response to receiving the access trigger message for next access occasion during the same access round. If the counter value has decreased to one of the multiple defined values during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion.
[0095] In some embodiments, if an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) of updating the parameter is received, the A-IoT device 301 may perform (i.e., re-perform or repeat) the above second procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round to indicate an updated Q value (e.g., Q’ ) to the A-IoT device 301. In some examples, in response to the received indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) , the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, N×2Q’-1} and set the regenerated random number as current counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any. In some other examples, in response to the received indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) , in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, N×Q’ } and set the regenerated random number as current counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N-1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0096] In some embodiments, if an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, the A-IoT device 301 may perform the second procedure based on an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion. For example, the communication node 302 may further update available frequency resource information in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round, e.g., to indicate the A-IoT device 301 that the supported number of frequency resources for each access occasion is updated from N to N’ . In some examples, in response to the received updated frequency information, the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, N’ ×2Q-1} and set the regenerated number as current counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any. In some other examples, in response to the received updated frequency information, in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, N’ ×Q} and set the regenerated number as current counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0097] In some embodiments, if an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, the A-IoT device 301 may perform the second procedure based on both an updated parameter and an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion. For example, the communication node 302 may further update the parameter (e.g., Q) and available frequency resource information in an access trigger message for each access occasion simultaneously, or in a trigger message for each access round, e.g., to indicate an updated Q value (e.g., Q’ ) and an updated N value (e.g., N’ ) to the A-IoT device 301. In some examples, in response to the received updated parameter and frequency information, the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, N’ ×2Q’ -1} and set the regenerated number as current counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any. In some other examples, in response to the received updated frequency information, in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, the A-IoT device 301 may regenerate a random number from {0, N’ ×Q’ } and set the regenerated number as current counter value. If the counter value is one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not one of multiple pre-defined values ‘0, 1, 2, …, N’ -1’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to any of those defined values during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0098] In some additional embodiments, if an indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) of updating the counter value is further received, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by N’ when the N value has updated to N’ .
[0099] Upon determination of the access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources during the determined access occasion. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may select one of the set of frequency resources randomly. That is, in the case that the A-IoT device 301 determines to perform access during current access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may select a specific frequency randomly.
[0100] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the frequency resource based on a mapping between the frequency resource and a counter value corresponding to the second procedure for determining the access occasion. That is, frequency resources or indexes of the frequency resources may be associated with counter values generated in the above second procedure. The mapping between the frequency resource and the counter value may be pre-defined. For example, the counter value 0 maps to the frequency f0; the counter value 1 maps to the frequency f1; the counter value 2 maps to the frequency f2, …, the counter value N-1 maps to the frequency fN-1. Then if a counter value of the A-IoT device 301 is 0, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access by using frequency f0 during current access occasion.
[0101] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the frequency resource based on a mapping between the frequency resource and identity (ID) information of the A-IoT device 301. That is, frequency resources or indexes of the frequency resources may be associated with the ID information of A-IoT devices. The mapping between the frequency resource and the ID information may be pre-defined. For example, value 0 of the ID information maps to the frequency f0; value 1 of the ID information maps to the frequency f1; value 2 of the ID information maps to the frequency f2; and so on.
[0102] In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise a permanent device ID of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise a temporary device ID of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise an ID (for convenience, also referred to as a first ID herein) obtained by a processing (for convenience, also referred to as a first processing herein) of the permanent device ID of the A-IoT device 301. For example, the first processing may be modular arithmetic or any other suitable algorithms. In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise an ID (for convenience, also referred to as a second ID herein) obtained by a processing (for convenience, also referred to as a second processing herein) of the temporary device ID of the A-IoT device 301. For example, the second processing may be modular arithmetic or any other suitable algorithms. It is to be noted that the first and second processing may be dependent on implementation of the A-IoT device 301.
[0103] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the frequency resource based on a mapping between the frequency resource and filter information of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise a device type of the A-IoT device 301, e.g., device type 2a, device type 2b, etc. In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise a device capability of the A-IoT device 301, e.g., support for device type 2a, device type 2b, etc. by the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, a mapping between frequency resources and device types or device capabilities may be pre-defined. For example, device type 1 maps to the frequency f1, device type 2a maps to the frequency f2, device type 2b maps to the frequency f3, and so on. Then an A-IoT device with type 1 may perform access by using frequency f0 during current access occasion.
[0104] In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise a data size or status for the transmission (i.e. D2R transmission) from the A-IoT device 301 to the communication node 302. In some embodiments, a mapping between frequency resources and D2R data status or size may be pre-defined. For example, a D2R data size corresponding to [X1, X2] bit maps to the frequency f1, a D2R data size corresponding to [X2, X3] bit maps to the frequency f2, and so on. Then if the A-IoT device 301 has a data size of X bits, and X is within the scope of [X1, X2] , the A-IoT device 301 may perform access by using frequency f0 during current access occasion.
[0105] In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise an energy level of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, a mapping between energy levels and specific frequency resource information may be pre-defined. For example, energy within specific threshold E1 maps to the frequency f1, energy within specific threshold E2 maps to the frequency f2, and so on. Then if current energy storage of the A-IoT device 301 is within the E1, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access by using frequency f0 during current access occasion.
[0106] In some embodiments, means for selecting the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources may be provided to the A-IoT device 301 with frequency resource information in the A-IoT paging message or initial trigger message or access trigger message. Alternatively, the means for selecting the frequency resource may be pre-defined at the A-IoT device side.
[0107] In some embodiments, in the case that available frequency resource information in the access trigger message for each access occasion is updated, e.g., the supported number of frequency or associated frequency resource has updated, the A-IoT device 301 may need to reselect the frequency resource based on the above means for selecting the frequency resource.
[0108] In this way, time and frequency resources may be determined for D2R transmission.
[0109] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine 333 a frequency resource firstly, and then determine 334 a specific time resource, i.e., access occasion or slot within the determined frequency resource to perform access.
[0110] That is, each A-IoT device may determine a frequency resource from multiple frequency resources included in the received paging message or access trigger message. For one or multiple A-IoT devices that select the same frequency resource as described above, each A-IoT device may further determine the specific time resource (i.e., access occasion or slot) to perform access (i.e., D2R transmission) during the access occasion.
[0111] Firstly, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may select one of the set of frequency resources randomly. That is, the A-IoT device 301 may select a specific frequency randomly from the received available frequency resource information.
[0112] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the frequency resource based on the mapping between the frequency resource and ID information of the A-IoT device 301. That is, frequency resources or indexes of the frequency resources may be associated with the ID information of A-IoT devices. The mapping between the frequency resource and the ID information may be pre-defined. For example, value 0 of the ID information maps to the frequency f0; value 1 of the ID information maps to the frequency f1; value 2 of the ID information maps to the frequency f2; and so on.
[0113] In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise the permanent device ID of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise the temporary device ID of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise the first ID obtained by the first processing of the permanent device ID of the A-IoT device 301. For example, the first processing may be modular arithmetic or any other suitable algorithms. In some embodiments, the ID information may comprise the second ID obtained by the second processing of the temporary device ID of the A-IoT device 301. For example, the second processing may be modular arithmetic or any other suitable algorithms. It is to be noted that the first and second processing may be dependent on implementation of the A-IoT device 301.
[0114] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the frequency resource based on the mapping between the frequency resource and the filter information of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise the device type of the A-IoT device 301, e.g., device type 2a, device type 2b, etc. In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise the device capability of the A-IoT device 301, e.g., support for device type 2a, device type 2b, etc. by the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the mapping between frequency resources and device types or device capabilities may be pre-defined. For example, device type 1 maps to the frequency f1, device type 2a maps to the frequency f2, device type 2b maps to the frequency f3, and so on. Then an A-IoT device with type 1 may perform access by using frequency f0 during current access occasion.
[0115] In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise the data size or status for the transmission (i.e. D2R transmission) from the A-IoT device 301 to the communication node 302. In some embodiments, the mapping between frequency resources and D2R data status or size may be pre-defined. For example, a D2R data size corresponding to [X1, X2] bit maps to the frequency f1, a D2R data size corresponding to [X2, X3] bit maps to the frequency f2, and so on. Then if the A-IoT device 301 has a data size of X bits, and X is within the scope of [X1, X2] , the A-IoT device 301 may perform access by using frequency f0 during current access occasion.
[0116] In some embodiments, the filter information may comprise the energy level of the A-IoT device 301. In some embodiments, the mapping between energy levels and specific frequency resource information may be pre-defined. For example, energy within specific threshold E1 maps to the frequency f1, energy within specific threshold E2 maps to the frequency f2, and so on. Then if current energy storage of the A-IoT device 301 is within the E1, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access by using frequency f0 during current access occasion.
[0117] In some embodiments, means for selecting the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources may be provided to the A-IoT device 301 with frequency resource information in the A-IoT paging message or initial trigger message or access trigger message. Alternatively, the means for selecting the frequency resource may be pre-defined at the A-IoT device side.
[0118] Upon determination of the frequency resource, the A-IoT device 301 may determine a specific time resource (i.e., an access occasion or slot) within the determined frequency resource to perform access. Generally, Q-like mechanism may still be used for an A-IoT device with a specific frequency resource to determine an access occasion. However, associations among parameters (e.g., Q values) for different frequencies may be further clarified.
[0119] In some embodiments, the parameter (e.g., Q value) is common for the set of frequency resources. For example, an A-IoT paging message may indicate a common Q value for different supported frequency resources (or for indexes of frequency resources) , i.e., an access trigger message may be transmitted for all supported frequency resources (or for indexes of frequency resources) .
[0120] In some embodiments where the parameter is common for the set of frequency resources, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number based on the parameter, and set a counter value based on the random number. If an indication of updating the counter value is received, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by a specific value (e.g., the first value) . If the counter value becomes another specific value (e.g., the second value) during a first access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the first access occasion as the access occasion. Such procedure of determining the access occasion based on the parameter common for the set of frequency resources may be called as a third procedure herein.
[0121] For example, for each frequency resource (i.e., a specific frequency) , the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number from {0, 2Q-1} and set the random number as a counter value. If the counter value is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion within the specific frequency. If the counter value is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any within the specific frequency. In another example, in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number from {0, Q} and set the random number as a counter value. If the counter value is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0122] In some embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 comprises the indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) of updating the counter value, the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received. Based on the received indication of updating the counter value, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by the first value. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, to indicate the A-IoT device 301 to update the counter value, e.g., subtract one from current counter value. In response to the received indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) , the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the current counter value by one. If the counter value has decreased to ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion.
[0123] In some alternative embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 is received, the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received. That is, if no explicit indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) is included, each access trigger message may be used to update the counter value. Based on the received access trigger message, the A-IoT device 301 may decrement the counter value by the first value. For example, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the current counter value by one in response to receiving the access trigger message for next access occasion during the same access round. If the counter value has decreased to ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access during the access occasion within the specific frequency.
[0124] In some embodiments, if an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) of updating the parameter is received, the A-IoT device 301 may perform (i.e., re-perform or repeat) the above third procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round to indicate an updated Q value (e.g., Q’ ) to each A-IoT device. In some examples, in response to the received indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) , each A-IoT device within all frequencies may regenerate a random number from {0, 2Q’ -1} and set the regenerated random number as current counter value. If the counter value of an A-IoT device is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device may perform access during the access occasion within the specific frequency. If the counter value of an A-IoT device is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any within the specific frequency. In some other examples, in response to the received indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) , in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, each A-IoT device within all frequencies may regenerate a random number from {0, Q’ } and set the regenerated random number as current counter value. If the counter value of an A-IoT device is ‘zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device may perform access during the access occasion within the specific frequency. If the counter value of an A-IoT device is ‘non-zero’ during an access occasion, the A-IoT device cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any within the specific frequency.
[0125] In some embodiments, if an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, the A-IoT device 301 may re-determine the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and perform the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource. For example, the communication node 302 may further update available frequency resource information in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round, e.g., to indicate each A-IoT device that the supported number of frequency resources for each access occasion is updated from N to N’ or associated frequency resources is updated. In response to the received updated frequency resource information, each A-IoT device within all frequencies may perform a selection or reselection of the frequency resource and then perform selection of the access occasion.
[0126] In some embodiments, if an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, the A-IoT device 301 may re-determine the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and perform the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter.
[0127] For example, the communication node 302 may further update the Q value and available frequency resource information in the access trigger message for each access occasion simultaneously, e.g., to indicate each A-IoT device that an updated Q value (e.g., Q’ ) and updated frequency information. In response to the received updated Q value and frequency information, each A-IoT device within all frequencies may perform selection or reselection of the frequency resource. Then for each A-IoT device within the same frequency resource, each A-IoT device may regenerate a random number from {0, 2Q’ -1} or from {0, Q’ } in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, and set the regenerated number as current counter value. If the counter value of an A-IoT device is ‘zero’ , the A-IoT device may perform access during current access occasion within the specific frequency. If the counter value of an A-IoT device is ‘non-zero’ , the A-IoT device cannot perform access during current access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any within the specific frequency.
[0128] In some alternative embodiments, a set of parameters may be indicated for the set of frequency resources. For example, an A-IoT paging message may indicate different Q values for different supported frequency resources (or for indexes of the supported frequency resources) , i.e., an access trigger message may be transmitted for different frequency resources (or for indexes of the frequency resources) . For example, frequencies f1, f2, …, fN may correspond to Q values Q1, Q2…, QN respectively.
[0129] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 301 may generate a random number based on a parameter corresponding to the determined frequency resource in the set of parameters, and set a counter value based on the random number. If an indication of updating the counter value for the determined frequency resource is received, the A-IoT device 301 may subtract the counter value by a specific value (e.g., the first value) . If the counter value becomes another specific value (e.g., the second value) during a first access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may determine the first access occasion as the access occasion. That is, an access occasion handling for each frequency resource may be operated independently and in parallel. Such procedure of determining the access occasion based on the parameter specific to a frequency resource may be called as a fourth procedure herein.
[0130] In some embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 comprises the indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) of updating the counter value and an associated frequency resource (or an index of the associated frequency resource) , the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value for the associated frequency resource is received. Based on the received indication of updating the counter value, the A-IoT device 301 may decrement the counter value by a specific value, e.g., 1 or any other suitable values. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) and associated frequency resource (or an index of the associated frequency resource) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, to indicate each A-IoT device within the specific frequency resource to update the counter value, e.g., subtract one from current counter value. In response to the received indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) and associated frequency resource information, each A-IoT device within the specific frequency resource may subtract the current counter value by one. If the counter value has decreased to zero during an access occasion, each A-IoT device within the specific frequency resource may perform access during the access occasion.
[0131] In some alternative embodiments, if a message (e.g., an access trigger message for each access occasion) triggering an access to the communication node 302 is received and the message is associated with a specific frequency resource, the A-IoT device 301 may determine that the indication of updating the counter value for the specific frequency resource is received. That is, if no explicit indication (e.g., QueryRepeat command) is included, each access trigger message may be used to update the counter value for a corresponding specific frequency resource. Based on the received access trigger message, an A-IoT device within the specific frequency resource may decrement the counter value by one. For example, the A-IoT device within the specific frequency resource may subtract the current counter value by one in response to receiving the access trigger message for next access occasion during the same access round. If the counter value has decreased to zero during an access occasion, the A-IoT device within the specific frequency resource may perform access during the access occasion.
[0132] In some embodiments, if an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) of updating the parameter for the determined frequency resource is received, the A-IoT device 301 may perform (i.e., re-perform or repeat) the above fourth procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion. For example, the communication node 302 may include an indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) and an associated frequency resource (or an index of the associated frequency resource) in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round, to indicate an updated Q1 value (e.g., Q1’ ) to each A-IoT device. In response to the received indication (e.g., QueryAdjust command or an updated Q value) , an A-IoT device within frequency f1 may regenerate a random number from {0, 2Q1’ -1} or from {0, Q’ } in the case of parameter Q indicates the number of access occasions in the set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions, and set the regenerated random number as current counter value. If the counter value is zero during an access occasion, the A-IoT device within frequency f1 may perform access during the access occasion. If the counter value is not zero during an access occasion, the A-IoT device within frequency f1 cannot perform access during the access occasion until the counter value is decreased to zero during one or more subsequent access occasions if any.
[0133] In some embodiments, if an indication of updating one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources is received, the A-IoT device 301 may perform the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources. For example, the communication node 302 may further update available frequency resource information in an access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round, e.g., to indicate an A-IoT device that the supported number of frequency resources for each access occasion is updated from N to N’or associated frequency resources are updated. In response to the received updated frequency information, each A-IoT device within all frequency resources may perform selection or reselection of the frequency resource and then perform selection of the access occasion.
[0134] In some embodiments, if an indication of updating both the parameter and the one or more frequency resources is received, the A-IoT device 301 may re-determine the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources, and perform the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter corresponding to the re-determined frequency resource. For example, the communication node 302 may further update the parameter (e.g., Q) and available frequency resource information in an access trigger message for each access occasion simultaneously, e.g., to indicate an updated Q value (e.g., Q’ ) and updated frequency information (e.g., one or more frequencies) to the A-IoT device 301. In response to the received updated parameter and frequency information, the A-IoT device 301 within the one or more frequencies may perform selection or reselection of the frequency resource in the case that the access trigger message indicates the frequency update information, i.e., updated available frequency resource information and associated one or more frequencies to perform the update. Then for A-IoT devices within the same frequency, each A-IoT device may determine the access occasion based on the fourth procedure.
[0135] In some additional embodiments, an A-IoT paging message may indicate different Q values for different supported frequency resources (or indexes of the supported frequency resources) , and the mapping between the Q values and the frequency resources (or the indexes) can be one to one mapping or one to multiple mapping, e.g., the Q value Qx may correspond to both the frequencies (or indexes) f1 and f2.
[0136] For the case of the one to multiple mapping, it may be applied to a scenario that a frequency resource has been configured with different filters, e.g., device type / device capability or D2R data type / size, and the different frequency resources correspond to the same filter.
[0137] For the case of the one to multiple mapping, the communication node 302 may include the indication for updating the counter value or the indication for updating the parameter in the access trigger message for each access occasion, or in a trigger message for each access round, and A-IoT devices within the associated multiple frequencies may perform corresponding operation.
[0138] As shown in FIG. 3, upon determination of the frequency resource and the access occasion, the A-IoT device 301 may perform 340 a transmission from the A-IoT device 301 to the communication node 302 based on the determined frequency resource and the determined access occasion. That is, the A-IoT device 301 may perform access by using the determined frequency resource at the determined access occasion.
[0139] So far, a solution of determining time and frequency resources for D2R transmission is described in connection with the process 300. It is to be understood that operations in the process 300 may be carried out separately or in any combinations.
[0140] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a first device or a second device as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, the core network device 103, or any combination thereof. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0141] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0142] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0143] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some embodiments where the device 400 is implemented as a first device, the processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, at a first device and from a second device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device; receiving, from the second device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions; determining, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; and performing a transmission from the first device to the second device based on the frequency resource and the access occasion.
[0144] In some embodiments where the device 400 is implemented as a second device, the processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, at a second device and to a first device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device; transmitting, to the first device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions; and receiving a transmission from the first device to the second device based on an access occasion and a frequency resource that are determined from the set of access occasions and the set of frequency resources at least based on the first and second information.
[0145] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0146] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0147] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 400. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 406. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0148] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0149] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0150] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0151] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0152] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0153] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0154] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0155] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0156] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0157] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0158] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some embodiments where the processor 500 is implemented at a first device, the processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for: receiving, at a first device and from a second device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device; receiving, from the second device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions; determining, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; and performing a transmission from the first device to the second device based on the frequency resource and the access occasion.
[0159] In some embodiments where the processor 500 is implemented at a second device, the processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for: transmitting, at a second device and to a first device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device; transmitting, to the first device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions; and receiving a transmission from the first device to the second device based on an access occasion and a frequency resource that are determined from the set of access occasions and the set of frequency resources at least based on the first and second information.
[0160] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a first device (e.g., the A-IoT device 301) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0161] At block 610, the method 600 may comprise receiving, at a first device and from a second device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0162] In some embodiments, the first device may be an A-IoT device, and the second device may be a base station or an intermediate node between the base station and the A-IoT device.
[0163] At block 620, the method 600 may comprise receiving, from the second device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0164] At block 630, the method 600 may comprise determining, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources. The operations of 630 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 630 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0165] In some embodiments, determining the access occasion and the frequency resource may comprise: determining the access occasion from the set of access occasions based on the parameter or both the parameter and number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources; and determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources within the access occasion.
[0166] In some embodiments, determining the access occasion based on the parameter may comprise a first procedure. The first procedure may comprise: generating a random number based on the parameter; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.
[0167] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, performing the first procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion.
[0168] In some embodiments, determining the access occasion based on both the parameter and the number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources may comprise a second procedure. The second procedure may comprise: generating a random number based on the parameter and the number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a third value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes one of multiple pre-defined values during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.
[0169] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, performing the second procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, performing the second procedure based on an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, performing the second procedure based on both an updated parameter and an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion.
[0170] In some embodiments, determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources within the access occasion may be based on at least one of the following: a random selection from the set of frequency resources; a mapping between the frequency resource and a counter value corresponding to a second procedure for determining the access occasion; a mapping between the frequency resource and identity information of the first device; or a mapping between the frequency resource and filter information of the first device.
[0171] In some embodiments, determining the access occasion and the frequency resource may comprise: determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; and determining the access occasion from the set of access occasions within the frequency resource.
[0172] In some embodiments, determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources may be based on at least one of the following: a random selection from the set of frequency resources; a mapping between the frequency resource and identity information of the first device; or a mapping between the frequency resource and filter information of the first device.
[0173] In some embodiments, the identity information of the first device may comprise at least one of the following: a permanent device identity of the first device; a temporary device identity of the first device; a first identity obtained by a first processing of the permanent device identity; or a second identity obtained by a second processing of temporary device identity.
[0174] In some embodiments, the filter information of the first device may comprise at least one of the following: a device type of the first device; a device capability of the first device; a data size for the transmission from the first device to the second device; or an energy level of the first device.
[0175] In some embodiments, the parameter is common for the set of frequency resources. In these embodiments, determining the access occasion may comprise a third procedure comprising: generating a random number based on the parameter; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during an occasion, determining the occasion as the access occasion.
[0176] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, performing the third procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and performing the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and performing the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter.
[0177] In some embodiments, a set of parameters is indicated for the set of frequency resources. In these embodiments, determining the access occasion may comprise a fourth procedure comprising: generating a random number based on a parameter corresponding to the determined frequency resource in the set of parameters; setting a counter value based on the random number; in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value for the determined frequency resource is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; and in accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.
[0178] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter for the determined frequency resource is received, performing the fourth procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and performing the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources; or in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter for the determined frequency resource and the one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources is received, re-determining the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources, and performing the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter corresponding to the re-determined frequency resource.
[0179] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that a message triggering an access to the second device is received, determining that the indication of updating the counter value is received; or in accordance with a determination that the message triggering the access to the second device comprises the indication of updating the counter value, determining that the indication of updating the counter value is received.
[0180] At block 640, the method 600 may comprise performing a transmission from the first device to the second device based on the frequency resource and the access occasion. The operations of 640 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 640 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0181] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another method 700 that supports a communication with an A-IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a second device (e.g., the communication node 302) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0182] At block 710, the method 700 may comprise transmitting, at a second device and to a first device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0183] In some embodiments, the first device may be an A-IoT device, and the second device may be a base station or an intermediate node between the base station and the A-IoT device.
[0184] At block 720, the method 700 may comprise transmitting, to the first device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0185] At block 730, the method 700 may comprise receiving a transmission from the first device to the second device based on an access occasion and a frequency resource that are determined from the set of access occasions and the set of frequency resources at least based on the first and second information. The operations of 730 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 730 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0186] In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: transmitting, to the first device, a message triggering an access to the second device as an indication of updating the counter value; or transmitting the message triggering the access to the second device comprising the indication of updating the counter value.
[0187] In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise at least one of the following: transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating the counter value for one or more frequency resources; transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating the parameter for one or more frequency resources; transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources; or transmitting, to the first device, an indication of updating both the parameter for one or more frequency resources and one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources.
[0188] It is to be understood that the operations of the methods 600 and 700 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 1 to 3, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0189] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0190] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0191] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0192] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0193] As used herein, including in the claims, an article ‘a’ before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to ‘at least one’ of those elements or ‘one or more’ of those elements. The terms ‘a, ’ ‘at least one, ’ ‘one or more, ’ and ‘at least one of one or more’ may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, ‘or’ as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as ‘at least one of’ or ‘one or more of’ or ‘one or both of’ ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase ‘based on’s hall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as ‘based on condition A’ may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase ‘based on’s hall be construed in the same manner as the phrase ‘based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a ‘set’ may include one or more elements.
[0194] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from a second device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device;receive, from the second device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions;determine, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; andperform a transmission from the first device to the second device based on the frequency resource and the access occasion.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the access occasion and the frequency resource by:determining the access occasion from the set of access occasions based on the parameter or both the parameter and number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources; anddetermining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources within the access occasion.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the access occasion based on the parameter by a first procedure comprising:generating a random number based on the parameter;setting a counter value based on the random number;in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; andin accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.4.The first device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, perform the first procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion.5.The first device of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the access occasion based on both the parameter and the number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources by a second procedure comprising:generating a random number based on the parameter and the number of frequency resources in the set of frequency resources;setting a counter value based on the random number;in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a third value; andin accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes one of multiple pre-defined values during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.6.The first device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, perform the second procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; orin accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, perform the second procedure based on an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion; orin accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, perform the second procedure based on both an updated parameter and an updated set of frequency resources to determine the access occasion.7.The first device of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the frequency resource based on at least one of the following:a random selection from the set of frequency resources;a mapping between the frequency resource and a counter value corresponding to a second procedure for determining the access occasion;a mapping between the frequency resource and identity information of the first device; ora mapping between the frequency resource and filter information of the first device.8.The first device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the access occasion and the frequency resource by:determining the frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; anddetermining the access occasion from the set of access occasions within the frequency resource.9.The first device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to determine the frequency resource based on at least one of the following:a random selection from the set of frequency resources;a mapping between the frequency resource and identity information of the first device; ora mapping between the frequency resource and filter information of the first device.10.The first device of claim 7 or 9, wherein the identity information comprises at least one of the following:a permanent device identity of the first device;a temporary device identity of the first device;a first identity obtained by a first processing of the permanent device identity; ora second identity obtained by a second processing of temporary device identity.11.The first device of claim 7 or 9, wherein the filter information comprises at least one of the following:a device type of the first device;a device capability of the first device;a data size for the transmission from the first device to the second device; oran energy level of the first device.12.The first device of claim 8, wherein the parameter is common for the set of frequency resources, and wherein the processor is configured to determine the access occasion by a third procedure comprising:generating a random number based on the parameter;setting a counter value based on the random number;in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; andin accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.13.The first device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter is received, perform the third procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; orin accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the set of frequency resources is received, re-determine the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and perform the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource; orin accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter and the set of frequency resources is received, re-determine the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and perform the third procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter.14.The first device of claim 8, wherein a set of parameters is indicated for the set of frequency resources, and wherein the processor is configured to determine the access occasion by a fourth procedure comprising:generating a random number based on a parameter corresponding to the determined frequency resource in the set of parameters;setting a counter value based on the random number;in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the counter value for the determined frequency resource is received, decrementing the counter value by a first value; andin accordance with a determination that the counter value becomes a second value during a first access occasion, determining the first access occasion as the access occasion.15.The first device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:in accordance with a determination that an indication of updating the parameter for the determined frequency resource is received, perform the fourth procedure based on an updated parameter to determine the access occasion; orin accordance with a determination that an indication of updating one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources is received, re-determine the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources and perform the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources; orin accordance with a determination that an indication of updating both the parameter for the determined frequency resource and the one or more frequency resources in the set of frequency resources is received, re-determine the frequency resource based on an updated set of frequency resources in the case that the determined frequency resource is comprised in the one or more frequency resources, and perform the fourth procedure within a re-determined frequency resource based on an updated parameter corresponding to the re-determined frequency resource.16.The first device of any of claims 3, 5, 12 and 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:in accordance with a determination that a message triggering an access to the second device is received, determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received; orin accordance with a determination that the message triggering the access to the second device comprises the indication of updating the counter value, determine that the indication of updating the counter value is received.17.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device, and the second device is a base station or an intermediate node between the base station and the A-IoT device.18.A second device, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, to a first device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device;transmit, to the first device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions; andreceive a transmission from the first device to the second device based on an access occasion and a frequency resource that are determined from the set of access occasions and the set of frequency resources at least based on the first and second information.19.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive, at a first device and from a second device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device;receive, from the second device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions;determine, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; andperform a transmission from the first device to the second device based on the frequency resource and the access occasion.20.A method performed by a first device, comprising:receiving, from a second device, first information of a set of frequency resources available for a set of transmissions from a set of first devices to the second device;receiving, from the second device, second information of a parameter related to a set of access occasions available for the set of transmissions;determining, at least based on the first and second information, an access occasion from the set of access occasions and a frequency resource from the set of frequency resources; andperforming a transmission from the first device to the second device based on the frequency resource and the access occasion.
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