Measuring system for road construction machines

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring system (90, 90') for determining a degree of consolidation and / or a layer thickness of a layer (30) applied to a substrate (40), said measuring system having the following features: a front sensor (92, 93, 94) which is designed to scan a first initial profile along the layer (30), in particular an edge profile (32) of an edge of the layer (30) along the layer (30) and to detect a plurality of distance values over a width of the profile; a rear sensor (92, 93, 94) which is designed to scan a resulting edge profile (32) and to detect a plurality of distance values over the profile width; a processor (71) which is designed to determine the degree of consolidation and / or the layer thickness on the basis of the initial profile and on the basis of the resulting edge profile (32), wherein the front sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged further towards the front in the direction of travel, and wherein the rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged further towards the rear in the direction of travel.

Description

[0001] Measuring system for road construction machines

[0002] Description

[0003] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a measuring system for determining a slump and / or a layer thickness, as well as a corresponding method. Further embodiments relate to a construction machine, in particular a road roller and / or a road paver. In general, embodiments of the invention lie in the technical field of mobile construction and work machines, in particular road construction machines, such as road pavers or road rollers. Preferred embodiments relate to a measuring system for a road roller and a road paver for determining a slump and a layer thickness of a newly applied road surface.

[0004] In general, a road paver with a crawler or wheeled chassis moves over a prepared subsurface onto which a pavement layer to be finished (e.g. a base or wearing course of a road, bound or unbound) is to be applied. At the rear of the road paver in the direction of travel is a height-adjustable screed, at the front of which a supply of road paving material is accumulated. This material is fed and distributed by a conveyor and distribution device that ensures that a sufficient, but not excessive, amount of road paving material is always kept on the front of the screed. The height of the rear edge of the screed relative to the surface of the prepared subsurface, which may also be formed by an existing pavement layer (road surface), determines the thickness of the finished road surface before it is subsequently further compacted by rolling.The paving screed is held by traction arms that are pivoted around traction points located in the center of the road paver, with the height of the screed being determined by a hydraulic adjustment device. As long as the newly laid road surface is still hot and deformable, it is usually further compacted by road rollers following the road paver, which can be designed as tandem rollers, compactors, or pneumatic-tyred rollers. The road rollers drive over the freshly laid road surface and, with frequent reversing passes, usually follow a predetermined rolling pattern, with each pass further compacting the road surface up to maximum compaction. The working area of ​​the road rollers essentially shifts continuously forward, i.e. the road rollers move along with the considerably slower-moving road paver during the paving process.Roads only achieve their maximum service life with an optimal degree of compaction. Both insufficient and excessive compaction lead to reduced durability of the road surface and thus to a reduced quality of the constructed road. Essential elements of a road roller, particularly a self-propelled road roller, are a machine frame, a drive motor, a driver's cab and a front and rear roller drum, seen in the direction of travel. In addition to static road rollers, in which the dead weight of the roller drums alone compacts the subsoil, the state of the art also includes dynamic road rollers with vibrating and / or oscillating roller drums, in which the roller drum performs an additional movement in addition to the rotational movement that occurs when rolling over the subsoil around a rotational axis to increase compaction performance.During road construction, it is desirable to measure the layer created as continuously and in real time as possible. Determining the layer thickness is desirable, for example, to monitor the quality of the newly laid road surface. If the calculated layer thickness, for example, of a bituminous layer, is too thin, there is a risk of premature cracking of the road surface, resulting in costly repairs. On the other hand, the layer thickness must be checked in relation to the amount of material used to avoid using too much material, which would lead to increased costs.

[0005] WO 2022 / 037764 A1 is known from the prior art, which describes a measuring system for determining a settlement dimension of a layer compacted by means of a construction machine, in particular a compactor, as well as a corresponding measuring method.

[0006] Furthermore, DE 10 2017 010 238 A1 describes a method for determining the thickness of the paving layer laid by a road paver using a self-propelled road roller, a self-propelled road roller for carrying out the method and a corresponding rolling system.

[0007] Furthermore, DE 297 23 171 U1 should be mentioned, which describes a rolling device for compacting asphalt pavements, comprising a roller body rotatably mounted in a suspension and a device for determining the degree of compaction of the asphalt pavement achieved during rolling. The device for determining the degree of compaction comprises two sensors mounted on the suspension parallel to the axis of the roller body and spaced apart from each other for measuring the distance to the asphalt pavement. One sensor is arranged in the area of ​​the roller track and the other outside the area of ​​the roller track, so that the difference between the measured values ​​of the two sensors is a measure of the increase in compaction at each roller pass.

[0008] DE 102 34 217 A1 describes a device and a method for determining the thickness of an asphalt layer applied by a road paver. According to this document, the thickness of the newly laid asphalt layer, which is applied by a road paver with a paving screed, is referred to as the paving thickness, and the thickness of the asphalt layer after rolling is referred to as the pavement thickness. The difference between the paving thickness and the pavement thickness is called the rolling gauge. In technical literature, in addition to the rolling gauge, the term slump gauge is also used, which refers to the difference between the layer thickness applied by the paver and the finished thickness after rolling (compacting).

[0009] The terms introduced and defined above are used accordingly in the following description of embodiments of the present invention.

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a device for determining a layer thickness and / or a slump which offers an improved compromise between low system complexity, simple application and high functionality.

[0011] The problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims.

[0012] Embodiments of the present invention provide a measuring system for determining a slump and / or a layer thickness of a layer applied to a substrate, and the measuring system comprises a front sensor, a rear sensor, and a processor. The front sensor is designed to scan a first initial profile along the layer, in particular an edge profile of an edge of the layer along the layer, and to record a plurality of distance values, e.g. the height of the sensor above the profile or at different points along the width of the profile. The rear sensor is designed to scan a resulting edge profile and to record a plurality of sample values ​​across the profile width. According to embodiments, the initial profile can represent the situation before the layer is processed or before the layer is applied, while the resulting edge profile represents the situation after the processing orafter the layer has been applied. The processor is configured to determine the slump and / or layer thickness based on the initial profile and the resulting edge profile.

[0013] According to exemplary embodiments, this single concept with the two sensors can be used both for determining the slump when the layer is compacted by a roller and for determining the layer thickness when the layer is applied. When determining the layer thickness, according to exemplary embodiments, one sensor is arranged on the leading road paver, for example so that the subsoil is scanned before the layer is applied, while the rear sensor is arranged on the following vehicle, for example the road roller. A comparison of the resulting edge profile with the initial profile (of the subsoil) can thus provide information about the layer thickness of the applied layer. In this case, the components of the measuring system are therefore distributed across a vehicle train rather than on a construction machine.

[0014] In the other application of determining the slump, the front sensor and the rear sensor are arranged on a road roller according to embodiments, e.g. on the front roller body and rear roller body or in the area of ​​the roller body, so that the slump can be determined by comparing the initial (edge) profile with the resulting edge profile based on the change.

[0015] According to embodiments, the sensor is, for example, an optical sensor, such as a scanner, in particular a laser scanner, or LiDAR scanner.

[0016] Embodiments of the present invention are based on the finding that by using sensors designed for edge detection, such as LiDAR sensors or LiDAR edge-follower sensors, it is possible to determine additional values ​​in the edge area, such as a slump and / or a layer thickness. For this purpose, two profiles, such as edge profiles, are determined in the edge area before and after processing. A comparison of the determined profiles provides information about the compaction or slump, or, in the case of layer thickness determination, about the layer thickness.

[0017] Thus, two scenarios can be mapped with the measuring system, namely: (1 ) Determining the slump using a measuring system mounted on a road roller, and

[0018] (2) Determination of the layer thickness of a newly applied road surface using the measuring system arranged on the road roller and a comparable measuring system arranged on a preceding road paver.

[0019] Determining the slump and layer thickness can only be done at the edge, where the edge can be an edge of the newly applied road surface that needs to be compacted or an edge in an underlying or adjacent layer, such as a milled edge or a curb edge. Due to the high number of measuring points determined when scanning the edge profile, the accuracy of the measurements and the calculation of the slump and layer thickness is high. Compared to simple distance measurements, profile analysis is more complex but definitely more accurate.

[0020] In the following, optional features are explained, particularly for the aspect of determining the slump, whereby some of the aspects can also be used for determining the layer thickness.

[0021] According to embodiments, the front sensor is arranged in the region of a front roller body or, in particular, in front of the front roller body of a road roller, while the rear sensor is arranged in the region of a rear roller body (or a rear wheel set) or, in particular, behind the rear roller body or behind the wheel set of the road roller. This arrangement offers the advantage that the difference between the rolling process with the one or more roller bodies can be precisely mapped.

[0022] According to embodiments, the front sensor is configured to detect a second initial edge profile (at a second point in time subsequent to the first point in time at which the initial edge profile is detected). Analogously, the rear sensor can be configured to detect a second resulting edge profile, for example, at the second point in time. According to embodiments, the detection of the second initial edge profile and / or the second resulting edge profile can occur during a further crossing or also during the further crossing with a changed direction of travel. In this case, the assignment of the front sensor would change with the assignment of the rear sensor at the time of the change in direction of travel.This means that, according to embodiments, the assignment of a sensor as a front sensor and the assignment of another sensor as a rear sensor depends on the direction of travel of the construction machine and / or a vehicle train.

[0023] According to embodiments, the settlement can be updated based on the second initial edge profile and on the second resulting edge profile. This means that with further passes, the settlement, which has changed due to further settlement of the pavement, is determined again or updated. According to a further embodiment, it would also be conceivable for the processor to be designed to update the determined settlement based on a pass counter using a forecast function. In particular, with repeated passes, settlement occurs in an area where measurement is difficult, so that a better determination of the settlement can be selected using a forecast function. According to embodiments, the determination and / or updating and / or the forecast function can be based on a Kl algorithm or self-learning algorithm.

[0024] When determining the slump, the processor is designed to determine the slump based on a predetermined change in the resulting edge profile compared to the initial edge profile. This can be done, for example, by determining the slump based on a change to be determined in the distance between two regression curves (or regression lines) over the plurality of distance values ​​in the resulting edge profile compared to two regression curves (or regression lines) over the plurality of distance values ​​in the initial edge profile. According to embodiments, the regression curves or regression lines can refer to essentially horizontal measured values. The regression curves or regression lines in the resulting edge profile, as well as in the initial edge profile, are therefore parallel to one another and have a distance from one another that provides an indication of the layer thickness.A change in the distance between the regression curves or regression lines then provides an indication of the slump. In the first new application, at least two sensors are arranged on the road roller at the level of the front and rear roller bodies to determine the slump. The slump can be determined by comparing the edge profiles recorded before and after compaction. If the position of the roller or the measuring system is also determined for each measurement / calculation using an optional positioning device, e.g., GPS or GNSS in general, this is advantageous because a measurement / calculation is always carried out under the same conditions at the same location / position. In addition to satellite-based positioning, other types of positioning are also conceivable, such as using tachymeters and reflectors or similar.

[0025] All of the features explained above are primarily applicable to determining the slump. According to exemplary embodiments, the sensor arrangement is arranged on a compactor, such as a road roller, e.g., at the front and rear. As already explained above, front and rear can also mean, for example, front and rear in the direction of travel and rear in the direction of travel. Based on this, a further exemplary embodiment relates to a compactor, such as a road roller, with the measuring systems explained above.

[0026] The measuring system can advantageously also be used to determine a further parameter, namely the layer thickness. According to embodiments, the measuring system can be arranged, for example, on a vehicle combination, e.g. a vehicle combination comprising a compactor or road roller and a road paver. The front sensor can be arranged, for example, on the vehicle at the front in the direction of travel, such as the road paver, while the rear sensor can be arranged, for example, on the vehicle at the rear in the direction of travel, e.g. the road roller traveling behind it. According to embodiments, a profile of the subsoil can thus be determined on the road paver, preferably before the layer is applied to the subsoil or at a position before the layer is applied to the subsoil.For this purpose, according to embodiments, the front sensor is arranged on the road paver, on a screed of a road paver and / or on a side plate of a screed of a road paver and is designed to determine a profile of the subsoil before the layer is laid. According to embodiments, the rear sensor is arranged at the level of a front roller body or in particular in front of the front roller body of a following road roller. This embodiment is advantageous because such a measuring system, solely through a different arrangement, makes it possible to determine a layer thickness in addition to the slump or as an alternative to the slump. According to embodiments, the processor is therefore designed to determine the layer thickness based on a specific change in the resulting edge profile in comparison or in a position-related comparison to the initial profile.According to embodiments, a correction value is determined based on the determined layer thickness. According to embodiments, the determined layer thickness and / or a correction value derived from the layer thickness, or a correction value derived from the determined layer thickness, which is determined taking into account a traction point adjustment, can be transmitted to a road paver. This advantageously offers the possibility of incorporating the correction value directly into the control system or of displaying information about the correction value or the layer thickness.

[0027] According to embodiments, the measuring system has a position receiver, for example a GNSS or GPS sensor, which is designed to determine position information. This offers the advantage that a corresponding GNSS or GPS position can be assigned to each layer thickness value or to each slump value. This position information can also be used to compare the initial profile with the resulting edge profile. This means that according to embodiments, the processor is designed to assign the position information to the values ​​for the slump and / or the layer thickness. Additionally or alternatively, the processor is designed to assign measured values ​​from the initial profile and the resulting edge profile to one another based on the position information. The use of the GNSS sensor, such asa GPS sensor, is advantageously possible both when determining layer thickness and when determining slump.

[0028] According to exemplary embodiments, the measuring system comprises communication means configured to exchange data relating to the resulting edge profile and / or the initial profile within the measuring system. This is particularly advantageous when the measuring system is distributed across a vehicle combination or multiple vehicles within a vehicle combination. Of course, wireless communication also offers advantages when the measuring system is mounted on a vehicle, such as a road roller, as this reduces the amount of cabling required.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the front and / or rear sensor is configured to continuously detect the profile. Thus, multiple measured values ​​associated with the resulting edge profile and the initial profile are determined at different positions along the direction of travel in order to map the slump or layer thickness at multiple points. This optional feature can advantageously be used both for layer thickness determination and for slump determination. Continuous detection also enables, as already explained above, repeated detection at one and the same position, for example, if the direction of travel is changed.

[0030] The following exemplary embodiment is also intended for both applications. According to one exemplary embodiment, the processor of the measuring system can be configured to provide or adapt measurement parameters, such as a sampling rate and / or a measurement point density, for the front and / or rear sensors. This advantageously offers the possibility of optimizing for current situations, such as the current driving speed or the evaluation / edge detection with current measured values.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the measuring system may also comprise communication means designed to transmit the determined slump and / or layer thickness externally.

[0032] In connection with the layer thickness determination, it should be noted that according to one embodiment, a construction machine train (vehicle train) is created which comprises a measuring system, ie that according to one embodiment, a construction machine, such as a road roller, comprises a part of the measuring system, while the other part of the measuring system is arranged on another construction machine of the construction machine train, e.g. on the road paver.

[0033] Another embodiment includes a method for determining a slump and / or a layer thickness. The method comprises the steps:

[0034] Scanning a first initial profile along the layer, in particular an edge profile of an edge of the layer along the layer, and detecting a plurality of distance values ​​across a width of the profile using the front sensor; Scanning a resulting edge profile and detecting a plurality of distance values ​​across the profile width using the rear sensor;

[0035] Determine the slump and / or the layer thickness on the basis of the initial profile and on the basis of the resulting edge profile, wherein the front sensor is arranged further forward in the direction of travel and the rear sensor is arranged further back in the direction of travel.

[0036] According to embodiments, the method can also be computer-implemented. Therefore, a further embodiment relates to a computer program for carrying out the method or one of the method steps, as explained above.

[0037] Embodiments of the present invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a road roller with a measuring system according to embodiments to explain the embodiment of the slump determination;

[0039] Fig. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional representation of a road roller with a measuring system according to embodiments;

[0040] Fig. 3a, 3b are schematic representations of the measuring system arranged on a road roller to explain the functioning of the measuring system according to embodiments;

[0041] Fig. 3c, 3d schematic representations of measured values ​​to explain the functionality when evaluating them according to embodiments;

[0042] Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a road roller with a measuring system to explain optional aspects according to embodiments; Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a road paver with a measuring system according to embodiments, including optional aspects according to further embodiments; and

[0043] Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a vehicle train to explain the embodiment of determining the layer thickness.

[0044] Before embodiments of the present invention are explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that elements and structures with the same function are provided with the same reference numerals, so that the description of them is applicable to one another or interchangeable.

[0045] As mentioned above, a measuring system consisting of a front and a rear sensor in combination with a processor enables both the determination of the slump when used on a compactor and the determination of the layer thickness when used on a road paver, or at least partially on a road paver. These two exemplary embodiments are explained separately below using Figs. 1 and 2, which illustrate a road roller, and Figs. 5 and 6, which illustrate a road paver and a road paver together with a road roller, respectively.

[0046] Fig. 1 and 2 show a self-propelled construction machine, here a road roller with, for example, two drums 50 and 60. This construction machine 10 is located on a layer 30 to be compacted with a surface 20 or an already compacted surface 22. The layer 30 is in turn applied to a substrate 40.

[0047] The road roller has a sensor system 90. The sensor system 90 comprises a first non-contact sensor, such as a laser scanner 92, and a second non-contact sensor, such as a laser scanner 93. The laser scanner 92 represents the front sensor in the direction of travel, while the laser scanner 93 represents the rear sensor in the direction of travel. The front sensor 92 can, for example, be arranged on the road roller at the level of the front drum or in front of the front drum, so that an emitted laser beam 96 strikes the surface 20 of the newly applied layer 30. The rear sensor 93 is arranged, for example, at the level of the rear drum 60 and detects the edge and / or the edge region 32 behind the road roller 10 (after rolling). Now that the basic structure has been explained, the functionality of the sensor system 90 in determining the slump will be explained. Initial situation orThe minimum configuration for this application is that the sensor system 90, with two sensors 92 and 93 arranged at the level of the front and rear roller bodies 50 and 60, scans the front and rear edge profiles (cf. laser beams 96 and 97). The edge profiles include distance values ​​across the (scanning) width. The scanned values ​​using the laser beam 96 represent scanned values ​​before compaction (cf. uncompacted surface 20), while the scanned values ​​using the laser beam 97 represent scanned values ​​after compaction (cf. compacted surface 22). The slump can be determined by comparing the edge profiles recorded before and after compaction. If the position of the roller 10 or the measuring system 90 is also determined for each measurement or calculation using an optional positioning device, e.g. using GNSS or GPS, this is advantageous because in this way a measurement orThe calculation is always performed under the same conditions at the same location. In addition to satellite-based positioning, other types of positioning are also conceivable, such as using tachymeters and reflectors or similar devices.

[0048] The determination of the slump is explained below using a concrete example using additional features or, above all, additional optional features.

[0049] As already explained at the beginning, the road roller 10 typically moves back and forth (or more accurately, back and forth) several times during the compaction process, usually following a specific rolling pattern. The described measuring system can also be used when changing the direction of travel. As a result of the repeated passes, the total slump value continues to increase, with the change in the slump value being greatest during the first pass because the pavement has only been pre-compacted by the paving screed of the road paver and has not yet been compacted by the roller. The increase in the total slump value decreases with the number of passes because the degree of compaction of the newly applied road surface steadily increases. Thus, according to exemplary embodiments, a forecast of the number of necessary passes can also be derived from the repeated measurements.This would then look like this: Suppose the roller passes over and compacts an area of ​​the newly laid road surface four times. On the first pass, the slump is 1 mm, on the second pass 0.37 mm, on the third pass 0.2 mm and on the last pass just 0.1 mm. The total slump after four passes is therefore 1.67 mm. Further passes would lead to slump values ​​< 0.1 mm, and in practice it is very difficult to determine this with the measuring system with adequate accuracy. According to the exemplary embodiments, a suitable approach therefore appears to be to calculate further slump values ​​as well as a forecast of the number of passes still required from the slump values ​​already determined (passes 1 to 4). For this purpose, it is also conceivable according to the exemplary embodiments that the corresponding calculation methods rely on or apply KL methods. Furthermore, it is possible for very small orIn the case of small settlement values ​​(e.g., < 0.3 mm) or in the case of external (negative) influences on the measuring system, such as vibrations or the like, some parameters of the sensor system 90 may need to be changed in order to obtain usable measured values. For example, according to exemplary embodiments, the sampling rate (sampling frequency) of the sensor may be reduced and the number of measured values ​​to be recorded (measurement point density) may be increased.

[0050] Both in the embodiment for determining the slump and in other embodiments, e.g., for determining the layer thickness, it would therefore be conceivable for the processor to be designed to provide and / or adapt measurement parameters, such as in particular a sampling rate and / or a measurement point density, for the front and / or rear sensor.

[0051] As already described in WO 2022 / 037764 A1, cited as prior art, the slump value determined on the road roller (and / or a computationally determined total slump value) can be sent, along with other data and information such as position data of the measurement(s), number of passes, profile data, sensor parameters, etc., via a wireless communication connection to other rollers, to the cloud (i.e., to an external server), or directly to the preceding road paver(s). On the road paver, the data and information can be displayed, for example, to the screed operator or used to automatically correct the layer thickness set there that is being applied.

[0052] According to embodiments, it would be conceivable for communication means to be provided in the system that are configured to transmit the determined slump externally. These communication means can, of course, also be used for the layer thickness determination embodiment. In this respect, according to embodiments, the communication means can be configured to transmit the determined layer thickness externally.

[0053] The determination of layer thickness is explained with reference to Fig. 6, based on the same measuring system with the same components. Fig. 6 shows a road paver 11 together with a road roller 10. The road paver 11 has a measuring system 91, or actually part of a measuring system. The road roller includes a measuring system 90, as described in connection with Fig. 1.

[0054] According to a further embodiment, a measuring system 90' comprising at least two sensors 94 and 92 is used to determine the layer thickness. As explained above, the sensor 92 is arranged in the front area of ​​the compaction machine 10, i.e., to scan a resulting profile before compaction. The sensor 94 is arranged on the road paver 11 in such a way that it scans the subsoil 40 before the layer 30 is applied. In this case, an initial profile is scanned. The sensor 94 represents the front sensor here, while the sensor 92 represents the rear sensor. In other words, one or more sensors 94 are arranged on the road paver 11, e.g., on the side plate(s) of the paving screed, in order to record a profile of the edge of the subsoil 40 or, in general, of the subsoil 40 before paving.At least one sensor 92 is arranged on the road roller 10 at the level of the front roller body 50 in order to record an edge profile of the newly laid or newly installed road surface 30. This means that the same optical sensors, or more generally sensors 92 and 94, form a measuring system and enable a further application, namely layer thickness determination. As already explained above, these sensors are non-contact sensors that can also be used as sensors for the edge follower. Sensors 94 and 92 each determine a profile (the initial profile is determined by sensor 94 and the resulting profile by sensor 92). It should be noted that the profile does not necessarily have to be a profile in the sense of an edge profile, but can also be another profile, such as a flat profile. For example, the initial (first recorded or detected) profile can be a profile of a newly created subsurface without a lateral edge.This would then primarily or only include horizontally running measurement points and thus only one (correspondingly horizontally running) regression curve. By comparing the edge profiles recorded before and after paving, the layer thickness of the newly applied road surface can be determined. Both the position of the road paver 11 (or the measuring system, the sensor 92, the sensors 94 / 92) and the position of the roller (or the measuring system, the sensor) are determined for each measurement using GNSS or GPS, with the layer thickness always being calculated at one and the same location / position. This means that the layer thickness must always be calculated by comparing the edge profiles recorded before and after paving.In order to compare the edge profiles recorded on the road paver 11 and the road roller 10 and to calculate a layer thickness, the road paver 11 and the road roller 10 each have a wireless communication device. Profile data, position data, and other required parameters and data can thus be exchanged between the machines via a wireless communication connection or, for example, sent to the cloud (i.e., to an external server) or to other machines. The layer thickness can thus be calculated at various points or locations, i.e., a calculation can be performed both in a calculation unit arranged on the road roller 10 and in a calculation unit arranged on the road paver 11 or on the external server via a cloud service.

[0055] The layer thickness is determined as follows:

[0056] On the road paver 11, an edge-following sensor 94 continuously records the profile of the edge / subsoil 40 onto which the new pavement layer 30 is to be applied. This means that several measured values ​​(point clouds) of the edge profile / subsoil 40 are continuously recorded. The recorded measured values ​​are linked to continuously recorded position data (via GNSS or GPS) and stored and / or sent via a wireless communication connection to the road roller 10 or an external server (cloud, etc.).

[0057] The new pavement layer 30 is applied by the road paver 11.

[0058] During the compaction process, the road roller 10 continuously records the profile of the edge of the newly applied pavement using an edge-following sensor 92. The recorded measured values ​​(point cloud) of the edge profile / subsoil 40 are stored together with the continuously recorded position data (via GNSS or GPS) and / or sent via a wireless communication connection to the road paver 11 or the external server (cloud, etc.).

[0059] The layer thickness of the newly applied pavement can now be calculated from the recorded edge profile measurement data (i.e., based on measurement data before and after installation). The layer thickness is calculated by comparing the recorded edge profiles in terms of position.

[0060] On the road paver 11, the calculated layer thickness data can be displayed, for example, to the screed operator or used for manual or automatic correction of the layer thickness set there.

[0061] If the layer thickness currently set on the road paver 11 deviates from the calculated actual layer thickness, or if the layer thickness must be increased or decreased due to the determined slump value, the layer thickness to be applied by the road paver 11 can be corrected accordingly (automatically).

[0062] When correcting the layer thickness to be paved, the progression of the traction point adjustment from the time or position of the material placement can also be taken into account. This is because a certain amount of time passes between the paving material placement and the determination of the actual layer thickness or the determination of the slump value on the road roller 10, during which the traction point of the paving screed may have been adjusted, which also influences the installed layer thickness.

[0063] If, for example, the value of the actual layer thickness calculated from the edge profile data is too high, i.e. the laid pavement or the laid layer 30 was too thick at the measured position, the value set on the road paver 11 for the layer thickness to be laid would have to be corrected accordingly, i.e. reduced, in order to achieve a desired layer thickness during further material laying, so that too much material is not permanently laid. For example, if the problem has already been identified by the screed operator and the pulling point of the screed is between the position of the edge profile measurement on the road paver 11 (time / position of material laying) and the position of the edge profile measurement on the road roller 10 (time / position of material compaction) orIf the calculation of the layer thickness is manually changed in such a way that a lower material layer thickness is installed, the value of the pull point adjustment must be included in the correction value for the layer thickness.

[0064] Depending on the amount by which the layer thickness has already been corrected by the screed operator, further correction may no longer be necessary.

[0065] Without taking into account the manual tension point adjustment already performed, the problem might shift in the other direction when correcting the layer thickness, and too little material would be placed. Therefore, it is important to consider the progression of the screed's tension point adjustment from the time / position of material placement, as well as the existing (or expected) slump value.

[0066] In the following, with reference to the figures, in addition to the features of basic embodiments, further features in connection with the measuring system are explained.

[0067] Fig. 1 and 2 show a self-propelled construction machine 10 in a side and perspective view, respectively, here a road roller 10 with a driver's cab 70 and two drums (roller bodies) 50 and 60. The drums 50 and 60 serve to compact the pavement layer 30 applied to the subsurface 40. For this purpose, the road roller 10 stands with its drums on the surface 20 of the newly applied layer 30 and compacts the layer 30 through its own weight and / or vibration 80, wherein the vibration is introduced via the drum 50. The edge or border area of ​​the road is provided here by way of example with the reference numeral 32.

[0068] Furthermore, a sensor system 90 is arranged on the road roller 10 and comprises a first non-contact sensor or laser scanner 92 and a second non-contact sensor or laser scanner 93. The first sensor / laser scanner 92 is arranged at the level of the front drum 50 and detects the edge or border area 32 in front of the road roller 10. In other words, the first sensor / laser scanner 92 is arranged on the road roller 10 at the level of the front drum 50 such that an emitted laser beam 96 strikes the surface 20 of the newly applied layer 30. The second sensor / laser scanner 93 is arranged at the level of the rear drum 60 and detects the edge or border area 32 behind the road roller 10 (after rolling). I.e., the second sensor / laser scanner 93 is arranged on the road roller 10 at the level of the rear drum 60 such that an emitted laser beam 97 strikes the surface 22 of the newly applied and already compacted layer 30.

[0069] The sensors or laser scanners 92 and 93 are arranged, for example, in the lateral area of ​​the road roller 10 and directed toward the edge 32, so that the profile of the edge 32 is detected by both laser scanners, as shown, for example, in Fig. 2 or 3a / 3b. Fig. 3b shows a sectional view through the road surface layer 30, which is compacted by a drum 50. The road surface layer 30 has an edge profile 32, which is detected by the laser scanner 92, which is mounted, for example, above the edge 32.

[0070] The laser scanner 92 and the laser scanner 93 are each designed to detect a pattern, in particular a reflection pattern, of an emitted laser beam 96 (laser beam 97). The pattern includes, for example, intensity values ​​and distances to the individual intensity values ​​over the angular range to be detected. The angle thus results in a pattern or profile that is characteristic, for example, of a side edge, curb edge, milled edge, or edge of an underlying asphalt layer. A calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 handles the detection and evaluation of the pattern or profile.

[0071] As shown in Figs. 3a and 3b, the laser scanner 92 detects the edge 32 of the applied layer 30 as follows. The laser scanner 92 is arranged at a lateral distance 92a on the construction machine and optically scans the surface of the subsurface using a laser beam 96 or multiple laser beams 96 within an angular range α to determine the distance(s) to the subsurface. These distances are plotted along with the corresponding intensity values ​​of the reflected light over the angle α. Based on this pattern, the profile of an edge 32 can then be detected and evaluated.

[0072] The calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 comprises, according to embodiments, the evaluation of the laser scanners 92 and 93, i.e. the calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 essentially comprises a profile recognition and a profile evaluation by comparing the measured profiles at the level of the front drum 50 and at the level of the rear drum 60. At this point it should be pointed out that, of course, instead of the individual calculation unit / signal processing unit 71, several individual modules can also be provided, which is particularly useful if, for example, an already existing control of the road roller 10 (not shown) is to be used.

[0073] According to embodiments, the laser scanner 92 (as well as the laser scanner 93) is preferably a (2D or 3D) LiDAR scanner.

[0074] Fig. 3c shows a diagram 150 of a profile of a sloping edge 32 recorded with the laser scanner, as shown, for example, in Fig. 3b. Such an edge profile can, for example, be an edge profile formed by a pressure roller arranged on the road roller 10 (and not shown in the figures). The profile shown in diagram 150 consists of a plurality of measuring points 151. In order to be able to calculate a slump AHS from the measuring points, an upper regression curve or regression line 155 and a lower regression curve or regression line 156 are drawn through the upper and lower, essentially horizontal rows of measuring points. The slump AHS is now obtained from the comparison of the recorded or measured edge profiles, ie the edge profile recorded at the level of the front drum 50 is compared with the edge profile recorded at the level of the rear drum 60, as shown in Fig. 3d.To do this, the vertical distance between the two regression curves or regression lines 155 and 156 is calculated for each of the two profiles. The difference between the distances then yields the slump AHS.

[0075] Fig. 3d shows two different edge profiles 32 before (right-hand area of ​​the figure) and after the rolling process (left-hand area of ​​the figure). The upper area of ​​Fig. 3d shows a sloping edge profile 32 with a layer thickness HS after installation, as shown, for example, in Fig. 3b. The lower area of ​​Figure 3d shows an edge profile 32 similar to a curb edge or a milled edge. For example, paving material with a layer or installation thickness HS was installed in a previously milled subsurface. The illustrations in Figure 3d are intended to show that a material settlement AHS of the installed material layers occurs as a result of the rolling process and that this material settlement AHS is reflected in the recorded edge profiles 32. The value of the material settlement AHS can therefore be calculated by comparing the recorded edge profiles 32 before and after the rolling process.The value of the material settlement AHS between the surface 20 of the newly applied layer 30 and the surface 22 of the compacted layer 30 after rolling depends, among other things, on the material used and the degree of compaction. Fig. 4 shows a road roller 10 in a side view with a sensor system 90 according to exemplary embodiments. The two sensors / laser scanners 92 and 93 are electrically connected to the calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 via (cable) connections 92k and 93k. The calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 is designed to determine or calculate a settlement value AHS from the measured values ​​of the two sensors / laser scanners 92 and 93 by comparing the recorded edge profiles 32 before and after compaction.Furthermore, the calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 can be configured to change parameters of the sensor system 90, for example, to reduce the sampling rate (sampling frequency) of the laser scanners 92 and 93 or to increase the number of measured values ​​to be recorded (measurement point density). This may be necessary, for example, in the case of very small or low settlement values ​​(e.g., AHS < 0.3 mm) or in the case of external (negative) influences on the measuring system 90, such as vibrations 80 or the like.

[0076] The total value of the slump AHS continues to increase with repeated passes of the road roller 10 over the newly applied road surface. The change in the slump AHS is generally greatest during the first pass, since the surface has only been pre-compacted by the screed of a road finisher and has not yet been compacted by the road roller 10. The increase in the total slump value decreases with the number of passes of the road roller 10, since the degree of compaction of the newly applied road surface continuously increases. Thus, in a further embodiment of the invention, it would also be conceivable for the calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 to derive a forecast of the number of necessary passes from repeated measurements.

[0077] The calculation unit / signal processing unit 71 can also be electrically connected to a positioning device 72, such as a GPS or GNSS receiver, as well as to a data communication device 73 (e.g., WLAN, Bluetooth, or the like) via (cable) connections 72k and 73k. The position-determining device 72 can be used to continuously determine the position of the roller 10 during the rolling process, so that a position-related measurement / calculation of the slump AHS can always be performed under the same conditions at one and the same location. Thus, a georeferenced slump value can be determined or calculated using the calculation unit / signal processing unit 71.By means of the data communication device 73, for example, measured values ​​of the edge profiles 32, position data, the number of passes (already performed or still to be performed), calculated slump values ​​and / or parameter settings of the sensor system 90 as well as other relevant data of the roller 10 or the sensor system 90 can be sent or transmitted wirelessly to other machines 10', 11 or 11' (see Fig. 6), which are located nearby, for example, on the same construction site. According to exemplary embodiments, it is also possible to transmit the aforementioned data to one or more external mobile devices 110 or to an external data server 120 (cloud storage) for storage or further processing. The external mobile devices 110 have a corresponding data communication interface 115, for example Bluetooth, WLAN or the like, for the transmission and exchange of data.However, with the help of the data communication device 73, data can also be retrieved or received from other construction machines 10', 11 or 11' or from an external device 110 or data server 120, such as profile measurement data, position data and / or parameter settings.

[0078] Fig. 5 shows a self-propelled construction machine 11 in a lateral or perspective view, here a road paver 11 with a driver's cab 75, a material hopper 12 for receiving road paving material such as asphalt material, and a height-adjustable paving screed 14, which is articulated via a towing arm 13 to a towing point on the road paver. The road paver 11 moves on the subsoil 40 and paves road paving material to a paving thickness HS. Side plates 15 are arranged on both lateral ends of the paving screed 14, whereby only the left side plate 15 is shown in Fig. 5. In the front area of ​​the side plate 15, a sensor system 91 according to the invention is arranged on the road paver 11 or on the side plate 15. The sensor system 91 is comparable to the sensor system 90 on the roller, i.e.It essentially consists of a contactless sensor / laser scanner 94 and a calculation unit / signal processing unit 76 and optionally an operating unit 79 electrically connected thereto, for example. The sensor / laser scanner 94 can be electrically connected to the calculation unit / signal processing unit 96 via a (cable) connection 94k.

[0079] The sensor / laser scanner 94 detects, for example, the profile of the edge or marginal area of ​​the subsoil in front of the road paver 11 during material paving. In other words, the sensor / laser scanner 94 is arranged on the road paver 11 at the level of the side plate 15 such that an emitted laser beam 98 strikes the surface of the subsoil 30 and detects the profile of the edge or marginal area of ​​the subsoil. The laser scanner 94 (like the laser scanners 92 or 93 on the road roller 10) is designed to detect a pattern, in particular a reflection pattern, of an emitted laser beam 98. The pattern includes, for example, intensity values ​​and distances to the individual intensity values ​​over the angular range to be detected.The angle thus results in a pattern or profile, which can, for example, be a simple flat surface or be characteristic of a side edge, curb edge, milled edge, or edge of an underlying asphalt layer (e.g., a previously prepared base course). The calculation unit / signal processing unit 76 handles the recognition and evaluation of the pattern or profile.

[0080] According to embodiments, the laser scanner 94 is preferably a (2D or 3D) LiDAR scanner, as is the case with the laser scanners 92 and 93 on the road roller 10.

[0081] The calculation unit / signal processing unit 76 can also be electrically connected to a position-determining device 77, such as a GPS or GNSS receiver, as well as to a data communication device 78 (e.g., WLAN, Bluetooth, or the like) via (cable) connections 77k and 78k. By means of the position-determining device 77, a continuous position determination of the road paver 11 can be carried out during the paving process, so that a position-related measurement of the profile of the edge or marginal area of ​​the subsoil in front of the road paver 11 is carried out.By means of the data communication device 78, for example, measured values ​​of the profile, position data, material and paving data such as material temperature, paving width, paving thickness and / or parameter settings of the sensor system 91 as well as other relevant data of the road paver 11 or the sensor system 91 can be sent or transmitted wirelessly via a data communication 101 to other machines 10, 10' or 1 T (see Fig. 6), which are located nearby, for example, on the same construction site. It is also possible, for example, to transmit the aforementioned data to one or more external devices 110 or to an external data server 120 (cloud storage) for storage or further processing. However, by means of the data communication device 78, data can also be retrieved or received from other construction machines 10, 10' or 1 T or from an external device 110 or data server 120, such as, for example,Profile measurement data, position data and / or parameter settings.

[0082] By means of the sensor system 91 arranged on the road paver 11, with which a

[0083] Profile of the edge of the subsoil 40 is recorded before paving, as well as the sensor system 90 arranged on the road roller 10, in particular with the first sensor 92 at the level of the front roller body 50, with which an edge profile of the newly laid or newly installed road surface is recorded, the layer thickness HS of the newly applied road surface can be determined by comparing the recorded edge profiles before and after paving. It is advantageous that both the position of the road paver 11 (or the measuring system 91 or the sensor 94) and the position of the road roller 10 (or the measuring system 90 or the sensor 92) are determined for each measurement by means of GNSS or GPS and a calculation of the layer thickness HS is essentially always carried out at one and the same location / position.

[0084] Fig. 6 shows the described construction machines 10 and 11 in conjunction with other construction machines 10' and 11' on a construction site. The construction machines 10, 10', 11, and 11' are connected to each other, for example, via a network 100, as well as to one or more external mobile devices 110 and / or a data server 120 (cloud storage), and can exchange data via the data communication paths 101 to 106. The illustrated construction machines 10, 10', 11, and 11' are each equipped with a sensor system 90 or 91 as previously described.

[0085] Thanks to the possibility of data exchange or data provision, all construction machines 10, 10', 11 and 11' on the construction site can access and process the required (measured, determined or calculated) data from other machines. For example, a calculation of the slump AHS or the layer thickness HS can take place at different points or locations, i.e. a calculation can take place in a calculation unit 71 arranged on the road roller 10, 10', in a calculation unit 76 arranged on the road paver 11, 11' or on the external server 120 via a cloud service. A construction site manager can also access data via an external mobile device 110 and thus always keep an eye on the construction site and progress. Advantageously, a further layer thickness measuring system arranged on the road paver 11 can use the measured and / or calculated data (e.g.Settlement dimension AHS or layer thickness HS) to carry out an automatic correction of the installation parameters and thus further automate the installation process.

[0086] As already explained above, some embodiments can also be implemented by methods. The method comprises the three basic steps of scanning an initial profile, scanning a resulting profile, and determining a slump or edge dimension based on the initial and resulting profile. When determining the slump, the initial profile is the profile before compaction, while the resulting profile is the profile after compaction. This can always be referred to as an edge profile. When determining the layer thickness, the initial profile is the profile of the subsoil before the layer is applied, while the resulting profile is the profile of the applied surface in the area of ​​the edge before compaction.

[0087] Although some aspects have been described in the context of a device, it should be understood that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or component of a device can also be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Analogously, aspects described in the context of or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block, detail, or feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware apparatus, such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the key method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.

[0088] Depending on specific implementation requirements, embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware or software. The implementation may be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, or a FLASH memory, a hard disk, or other magnetic or optical storage device storing electronically readable control signals that can interact or cooperate with a programmable computer system to perform the respective method. Therefore, the digital storage medium may be computer-readable.

[0089] Some embodiments according to the invention thus comprise a data carrier having electronically readable control signals capable of interacting with a programmable computer system such that one of the methods described herein is carried out. In general, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with program code, wherein the program code is effective to carry out one of the methods when the computer program product is executed on a computer.

[0090] The program code can, for example, also be stored on a machine-readable medium.

[0091] Other embodiments include the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, wherein the computer program is stored on a machine-readable medium. In other words, one embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program that has program code for performing one of the methods described herein when the computer program is executed on a computer.

[0092] A further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein is recorded.

[0093] A further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals that represents the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein. The data stream or the sequence of signals can be configured, for example, to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example, via the Internet.

[0094] A further embodiment comprises a processing device, for example a computer or a programmable logic device, which is configured or adapted to carry out one of the methods described herein.

[0095] A further embodiment comprises a computer on which the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein is installed. A further embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or a system designed to transmit a computer program for carrying out at least one of the methods described herein to a recipient. The transmission can be electronic or optical, for example. The recipient can be a computer, a mobile device, a storage device, or a similar device, for example. The device or system can comprise a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.

[0096] In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field-programmable gate array, an FPGA) may be used to perform some or all of the functionalities of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field-programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform any of the methods described herein. In general, in some embodiments, the methods are performed by any hardware device. This may be general-purpose hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or method-specific hardware such as an ASIC.

[0097] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It is understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to others skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the scope of the following claims and not by the specific details presented in the description and explanation of the embodiments herein.

[0098] List of reference symbols

[0099] 10.10' road roller

[0100] 11 , 11 ' Road paver

[0101] 12 bulk bunkers

[0102] 13 Pull arm

[0103] 14 Screed

[0104] 15 Side plate

[0105] 20 Surface of the new road surface (after installation)

[0106] 22 Surface of the new road surface (after rolling)

[0107] 30 covering layer / sub-surface

[0108] 32 Edge / Edge profile

[0109] 40 Underground

[0110] 50.60 Front and rear roller drums

[0111] 70 Cab road roller

[0112] 71 Calculation unit / signal processing unit

[0113] 72 Positioning device (GPS / GNSS / ...)

[0114] 73 Data communication device (WLAN / Bluetooth / ...)

[0115] 75 Cab road paver

[0116] 76 Calculation unit / signal processing unit

[0117] 77 Positioning device (GPS / GNSS / ...)

[0118] 78 Data communication device (WLAN / Bluetooth / ...)

[0119] 79 Display and control unit

[0120] 72k, 73k (cable) connections

[0121] 77k, 78k (cable) connections

[0122] 80 Vibration

[0123] 90 Sensor system / measuring system road roller

[0124] 90' sensor system / measuring system road paver / road roller

[0125] 91 Sensor system / measuring system road paver

[0126] 92.93 Sensors road roller

[0127] 92a Distance between construction machine and sensor

[0128] 94 Sensor Paver

[0129] 96,97,98 laser beams

[0130] 92k, 93k (cable) connections

[0131] 94k, 95k (cable) connections

[0132] 100 Network / Internet 101-106 Data Communication

[0133] 110 Mobile device (laptop, smartphone, tablet PC, ...)

[0134] 115 Data communication interface

[0135] 120 data servers

[0136] 150 diagram

[0137] 151 measuring point(s)

[0138] 155,156 regression curves / regression lines

[0139] HS layer thickness (installation thickness)

[0140] AHS Change in layer thickness (change in installation thickness) a Angle range

Claims

Claims 1 . A measuring system (90, 90') for determining a slump and / or layer thickness of a layer (30) applied to a substrate (40), comprising: a front sensor (92, 93, 94) configured to scan a first initial profile along the layer (30), in particular an edge profile (32) of an edge of the layer (30) along the layer (30), and to detect a plurality of distance values ​​across a width of the profile; a rear sensor (92, 93, 94) configured to scan a resulting edge profile (32) and to detect a plurality of distance values ​​across the profile width; a processor (71) which is designed to determine the slump and / or the layer thickness on the basis of the initial profile and on the basis of the resulting edge profile (32), wherein the front sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged further forward in the direction of travel and wherein the rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged further back in the direction of travel.

2. Measuring system (90, 90') according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises an optical sensor, a scanner, in particular a laser scanner, or LIDAR scanner.

3. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring system (90, 90') is arranged on a construction machine (10, 11), in particular a road roller (10) and / or a road paver (11).

4. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the front sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged at the level of a front roller body (50) or in particular in front of the front roller body (50) of a road roller (10) and the rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged at the level of a rear roller body (60) or a rear wheel set or in particular behind the rear roller body (60) or the rear wheel set of the road roller (10).

5. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-3, wherein the measuring system (90, 90') is arranged on a vehicle combination, in particular a vehicle combination comprising at least one road roller (10) and / or one road paver (11); and / or wherein the front sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged on the front vehicle of the vehicle combination in the direction of travel.

6. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-4, wherein the front sensor (92, 93, 94) is designed to detect a second initial edge profile (32) and / or wherein the rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is designed to detect a second resulting edge profile.

7. Measuring system (90, 90') according to claim 6, wherein the detection of the second initial edge profile (32) and / or the second resulting edge profile (32) takes place during further passes or during further passes with a changed direction of travel.

8. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the assignment of one sensor as the front sensor (92, 93, 94) and the assignment of another sensor as the rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is dependent on the direction of travel of the construction machine (10, 11) and / or a vehicle train.

9. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 6-8, wherein the processor (71) is configured to update the slump based on the second initial edge profile (32) and on the basis of the second resulting edge profile (32).

10. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-4 and 6-9, wherein the processor (71) is designed to update the determined slump based on a crossing counter using a forecast function.

11. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-4 and 6-10, wherein the processor (71) uses a Kl algorithm or self-learning algorithm for determining and / or updating and / or for a prognostic function.

12. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processor (71) is designed to provide and / or adapt measuring parameters, such as in particular a sampling rate or a measuring point density for the front and / or the rear sensor (92, 93, 94).

13. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, comprising communication means configured to transmit the determined slump and / or the determined layer thickness externally.

14. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-4 and 6-13, wherein the processor (71) is designed to determine the slump based on a specific change in the resulting edge profile (32) compared to the initial edge profile (32).

15. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-4 and 6-14, wherein the processor (71) is designed to determine the slump based on a change in distance to be determined between two regression curves or regression lines over the plurality of distance values ​​in the resulting edge profile (32) in comparison to two regression curves or regression lines over the plurality of distance values ​​in the initial edge profile (32); or wherein the processor (71) is designed to determine the slump based on a change in distance to be determined between two regression curves or regression lines over the plurality of distance values ​​in the resulting edge profile (32) in comparison to two regression curves or regression lines over the plurality of distance values ​​in the initial edge profile (32), wherein the two regression curves or regression lines in the resulting edge profile (32) and the two regression curves or regression lines in the initial edge profile (32) have substantially horizontal measured values.

16. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the front sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged on a road paver (11), a screed (14) of a road paver (11) and / or a side plate (15) of a screed (14) of a road paver (11) and is designed to determine a profile of the subsoil (40) before the laying of the layer (30) and / or wherein the rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged at the level of a front roller body (50) or in particular in front of the front roller body (50) of a road roller (10) traveling behind.

17. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-5 and 16, wherein the processor (71) is designed to determine the layer thickness based on a specific change in the resulting edge profile (32) in comparison or in position-related comparison with the initial profile.

18. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-5 and 16-17, wherein the determined layer thickness or a correction value derived from the determined layer thickness or a correction value derived from the determined layer thickness, the is determined taking into account a traction point adjustment, is transmitted to a road paver (11).

19. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, which has a position-determining device such as a GNSS or GPS sensor (72) which is designed to determine position information, wherein the processor (71) is designed to assign the position information to the values ​​for the slump and / or the layer thickness; and / or wherein the processor (71) is designed to assign values ​​from the initial profile and the resulting edge profile (32) to one another based on the position information.

20. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, comprising communication means designed to exchange data concerning the resulting edge profile (32) and / or the initial profile within the measuring system.

21. Measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the front and / or rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is designed to continuously detect the profile.

22. Construction machine (10, 11), in particular a road roller (10) and / or a road paver (11), comprising a measuring system (90, 90') according to one of the preceding claims or a part of the measuring system (90, 90'), wherein the other part of the measuring system (90, 90') is arranged on a further construction machine (10, 11) of a construction machine train.

23. A method for determining a slump and / or layer thickness of a layer (30) applied to a substrate (40) by means of a measuring system (90, 90') according to one of claims 1-21, comprising the following steps: Scanning a first initial profile along the layer (30), in particular an edge profile (32) of an edge of the layer (30) along the layer (30) and detecting a plurality of distance values ​​across a width of the profile using the front sensor (92, 93, 94); Scanning a resulting edge profile (32) and detecting a plurality of Distance values ​​across the profile width using the rear sensor (92, 93, 94); Determining the slump and / or the layer thickness on the basis of the initial profile and on the basis of the resulting edge profile (32), wherein the front sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged further forward in the direction of travel and wherein the rear sensor (92, 93, 94) is arranged further back in the direction of travel.

24. A computer program for performing the step of determining the method according to claim 23.

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