Apparatus and method of handling conditional handover failure

Abstract

A method of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities includes receiving, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE is serviced by a serving cell, using Al capabilities of the UE to predict a potential CHO failure, and determining, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the UE triggers the CHO.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD OF HANDLING CONDITIONAL HANDOVER FAILURECROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 605,247, entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS OF HANDLING CONDITIONAL HANDOVER FAILURE,” filed on December 1, 2023, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by this referenceTECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to apparatuses and methods of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure.BACKGROUND

[0003] In fifth generation (5G) networks, handover procedures transfer a user equipment (UE) between cells to maintain service continuity. Traditionally network-controlled, 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Release- 16 introduced conditional handover (CHO), enabling the UE to autonomously hand over to a target cell based on predefined conditions set by a network. This mechanism improves service continuity and network efficiency by providing the UE with a list of candidate cells and specific conditions, such as a conditional A3 event. However, CHO may fail in rapidly changing wireless environments or at high UE speeds, where issues like deep fading or non-optimal configurations can lead to service interruptions even if CHO conditions are met.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for apparatuses and methods of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure.SUMMARY

[0005] An object of the present disclosure is to propose apparatuses and methods of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure, which can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, includes receiving, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE is serviced by a serving cell, using Al capabilities of the UE to predict a potential CHO failure, and determining, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the UE triggers the CHO.

[0007] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, includes a receiver and a determiner. The receiver is configured to receive, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE is serviced by a serving cell. The determiner is configured to use Al capabilities of the UE to predict a potential CHO failure and determine, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered.

[0008] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The UE is configured to perform the above method.

[0009] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a network in communication with a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, includes transmitting, to the UE, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when determining that the UE is serviced by a serving cell, receiving, from the UE, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE, and determining whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information received from the UE.

[0010] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a base station includes a transceiver and a determiner coupled to the transceiver. The transceiver is configured to transmit, to the UE, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the determiner determines that the UE is serviced by a serving cell. The transceiver is configured to receive, from the UE, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE. The determiner is configured to determine whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information received from the UE.

[0011] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a base station includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The base station is configured to provide the above method.

[0012] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.

[0013] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method.

[0014] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method.

[0015] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.

[0016] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art more clearly, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one or more user equipments (UEs) and a base station of communication in a communication network system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a UE equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, such as a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS), a long term evolution (LTE) system, a LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, a LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, an advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a new radio (NR) system, an evolution system of a NR system, a LTE -based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, a NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, an universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), a global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), a future 5th generation (5G) system (may also be called a new radio (NR) system) or other communication systems, etc.

[0029] Optionally, a base station mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can provide a communication coverage for a specific geographic area and can communicate with a user equipment (UE) located in the coverage area. Optionally, the base station may be a gNB, a base transceiver station (BTS) in the GSM or in the CDMA system, or may be a NodeB (NB) in the WCDMA system, or may be an evolutional Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in the LTE system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN).

[0030] A user equipment (UE) may refer to an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device. The access terminal may be a cellular radio telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) telephone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication functions, a computing device, other processing devices coupled with a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future 5G network, a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc.

[0031] Optionally, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum may also be considered as a shared spectrum; or the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to a licensed spectrum, where the licensed spectrum can also be considered an unshared spectrum.

[0032] In a 5G cellular network, a handover procedure is used to transfer a UE from a source cell to a target cell while maintaining service continuity. Traditionally, this is a fully network-controlled and network-triggered process. The main operations are as follows: The UE sends measurement reports to a network regarding neighboring cells. If measurements from neighboring cells meet certain predefined criteria, such as a quality of a neighboring cell being better than a quality of a serving cell by a specific offset, the network considers a handover. The network decides to trigger the handover. The network sends a message to the UE, indicating the UE to move to the target cell. The UE leaves the serving cell and connects to the target cell to continue its services. In 3GPP Release-16, a new feature called conditional handover (CHO) is introduced, allowing the UE to autonomously perform handovers. In this mechanism, the network provides the UE with a list of potential CHO candidate cells, each paired with a specific condition based on measurement event triggers. For example, if “Condition 1” is linked to “Cell 1” and this condition is met due to certain network parameters or measurements, the UE may autonomously execute a handover to “Cell 1.” This process promotes seamless service continuity and optimizes network efficiency.

[0033] The procedure is as follows: The network sends a set of measurement criteria to the UE, along with the cells associated with these criteria. For example, the UE may receive instructions to trigger a conditional A3 event if a neighboring cell (referred to as “cell-1”) shows a quality offset that is better than the current serving cell. Following these instructions, the UE conducts measurements based on the configured criteria. When the conditional A3 event criteria are met — specifically, when “cell-1” surpasses the serving cell in quality — the UE independently transitions to “cell-1,” thereby completing the handover process.

[0034] Despite the advantages of conditional handover (CHO) in 5G networks, there are instances where it may fail. A significant factor is the rapid variation of the wireless channel, particularly when the UE is moving at high speeds. This can result in deep fading in the wireless channel, rendering the target cell inaccessible. Additionally, the measurement configurations and CHO parameters set by the network may not always be optimal. Consequently, even if a CHO condition is met, the UE may still experience service failure when transitioning to the target cell.

[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates that, in some embodiments, one or more user equipments (UEs) 10 and a base station (e.g., next generation NodeB (gNB) or eNB) 20 of communication in a communication network system 30 (e.g., an NR system) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system 30 includes the one or more UEs 10 and the base station 20. The one or more UEs 10 may include a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a processor 11 coupled to the memory 12 and the transceiver 13. The base station 20 may include a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a processor 21 coupled to the memory 22 and the transceiver 23. The processor 11 or 21 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21 and stores a variety ofinformation to operate the processor 11 or 21. The transceiver 13 or 23 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21, and the transceiver 13 or 23 transmits and / or receives a radio signal.

[0036] The processor 11 or 21 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 12 or 22 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 13 or 23 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 12 or 22 and executed by the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 can be implemented within the processor 11 or 21 or external to the processor 11 or 21 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 11 or 21 via various means as is known in the art.

[0037] In some embodiments, the transceiver 13 is configured to receive, from the base station 20, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE 10 is serviced by a serving cell, and the processor 11 is configured to use Al capabilities of the UE 10 to predict a potential CHO failure and determine, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0038] In some embodiments, the transceiver 23 is configured to transmit, to the UE 10, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the processor 21 determines that the UE 10 is serviced by a serving cell, the transceiver 23 is configured to receive, from the UE 10, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE 10, and the processor 21 is configured to determine whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information received from the UE 10. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0039] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a UE 200 according to an embodiment of the present application. The UE 200 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the UE 200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The UE 200 equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, includes a receiver 201 and a determiner 202. The receiver 201 is configured to receive, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE 200 is serviced by a serving cell. The determiner 202 is configured to use Al capabilities of the UE 200 to predict a potential CHO failure and determine, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0040] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a UE 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The UE 300 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the UE 300 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The UE 300 may include a memory 301, a transceiver 302, and a processor 303 coupled to the memory 301 and the transceiver302. The processor 303 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 303. The memory 301 is operatively coupled with the processor 303 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 303. The transceiver 302 is operatively coupled with the processor 303, and the transceiver 302 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 303 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 301 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 302 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 301 and executed by the processor 303. The memory 301 can be implemented within the processor 303 or external to the processor 303 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 303 via various means as is known in the art.

[0041] In some embodiments, the transceiver 302 is configured to receive, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE 300 is serviced by a serving cell, and the processor 303 is configured to use Al capabilities of the UE 300 to predict a potential CHO failure and determine, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0042] FIG. 4 is an example of a method 400 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 400 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the method 400 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the method 400 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a UE equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities includes: an operation 402, receiving, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE is serviced by a serving cell, an operation 404, using Al capabilities of the UE to predict a potential CHO failure, and an operation 406, determining, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the UE triggers the CHO. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0043] In some embodiments, if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure before the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the UE reports the potential CHO failure to the network. In some embodiments, the UE receives an indication from the network to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells, adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell, or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a radio access technology (RAT). In some embodiments, if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers theCHO and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the UE performs a backoff timer with a duration based on the quality of the serving cell. In some embodiments, the duration of the backoff timer is set relative to a baseline duration, such that if the quality of the serving cell is greater than a second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is longer than the baseline duration; and if the quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is shorter than the baseline duration.

[0044] In some embodiments, if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the UE decides to proceed with the CHO based on a configured time-to-trigger parameter. In some embodiments, if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure before the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE reports the potential CHO failure to the network. In some embodiments, the UE receives an indication from the network to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells, adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell, or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT. In some embodiments, if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE reports the potential CHO failure to the network. In some embodiments, the UE receives an indication from the network to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells, adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell, or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

[0045] In some embodiments, if a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the threshold and there is a risk of service loss, the UE autonomously decides to handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells even if a corresponding CHO condition for the for the second potential CHO cell is not met. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure, a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the first threshold, and there is a risk of service loss, the UE reports a measurement event for a cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells to the network, and the UE receives an indication from the network to initiate a handover to the cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

[0046] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of base station 500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The base station 500 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the base station 500 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The base station 500 includes a transceiver 501 and a determiner 502 coupled to the transceiver 501. The transceiver 501 is configured to transmit, to the UE, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the determiner determines that the UE is serviced by a serving cell. The transceiver 501 is configured to receive, from the UE, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE, and the determiner 502 is configured to determine whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information received from the UE. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0047] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a base station 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 600 is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the base station 600 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. The base station 600 may include a memory 601, a transceiver 602, and a processor 603 coupled to the memory 601 and the transceiver 602. The processor 603 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 603. The memory 601 is operatively coupled with the processor 603 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 603. The transceiver 602 is operatively coupled with the processor 603, and the transceiver 602 transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The processor 603 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 601 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 602 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 601 and executed by the processor 603. The memory 601 can be implemented within the processor 603 or external to the processor 603 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 603 via various means as is known in the art.

[0048] In some embodiments, the transceiver 602 is configured to transmit, to the UE, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the determiner determines that the UE is serviced by a serving cell, the transceiver 602 is configured to receive, from the UE, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE, and the processor 603 is configured to determine whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information received from the UE. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0049] FIG. 7 is an example of a method 700 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 700 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by the network is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the method 700 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by the network using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the method 700 of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by the network in communication with a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, includes: an operation 702, transmitting, to the UE, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when determining that the UE is serviced by a serving cell, an operation 704, receiving, from the UE, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE, and an operation 706, determining whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information receivedfrom the UE. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, predict potential CHO failures, and / or maintain service continuity.

[0050] In some embodiments, if the network receives the information from the UE before the CHO is triggered and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the network transmits an indication to the UE to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells, adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell, or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or to a radio access technology (RAT). In some embodiments, if the network receives the information from the UE after the CHO is triggered and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the network processes a report from the UE about a backoff timer set with a duration based on the quality of the serving cell. In some embodiments, the duration of the backoff timer is set relative to a baseline duration, such that if the quality of the serving cell is greater than a second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is longer than the baseline duration; and if the quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is shorter than the baseline duration.

[0051] In some embodiments, if the network receives the information from the UE before the CHO is triggered and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the network transmits an indication to the UE to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells, adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell, or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT. In some embodiments, if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the network transmits an indication to the UE to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells, adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell, or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

[0052] In some embodiments, if a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the threshold and there is a risk of service loss, the network indicates the UE to handover to a second potential CHO cell even if the corresponding CHO condition for the second potential CHO cell is not met. In some embodiments, if the networks receives the information from the UE, a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the first threshold and there is a risk of service loss, the network receives, from the UE, a report of a measurement event for a cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells and transmits an indication to the UE to initiate a handover to the cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells or to a RAT.

[0053] Exemplary Technical Solutions:

[0054] To address these challenges, some embodiments of the present disclosure proposes the use of an AI- enabled UE. Equipped with a trained model, this UE can analyze various input data, such as measurement results, position, speed, and other relevant factors, to predict potential CHO failures. Consider the following scenario as an example: The UE is currently serviced by cell S (the existing serving cell) and has been configured by the network with a list of potential CHO cells: cell 1, cell 2, and cell 3. Along with this list, the UE is provided with specific CHO criteria for each cell: condition 1 for cell 1, condition 2 for cell 2, and condition 3 for cell 3. Under normal circumstances, the UE would autonomously hand over to cell 1 when condition 1 is met, with the sameprinciple applying to cells 2 and 3. However, by utilizing its Al capabilities, the UE predicts a handover failure to cell 1 despite condition 1 being met.

[0055] When a CHO failure is anticipated, various solutions can be implemented. These solutions are categorized based on the quality of the existing serving cell (cell S):

[0056] Case 1: The Quality of Cell S is Good (Above a Certain Threshold):

[0057] If the UE predicts a handover failure to cell 1 before the CHO is triggered, it reports this to the network. The network may then take actions such as removing cell 1 from the CHO list, adjusting the CHO condition for cell 1, or initiating a legacy handover to a different cell or Radio Access Technology (RAT), such as 4G, 3G, or 2G.

[0058] In cases where the UE triggers a CHO condition but anticipates a handover failure: (a) The UE can set a backoff timer. The duration of this timer is based on the predicted future quality of cell S. A longer timer is set if the quality is expected to remain high, while a shorter timer is used if rapid degradation is anticipated. Once the timer expires and the condition is still met, the UE may proceed with the handover to cell 1. (b) Alternatively, the UE may rely on the configured time-to-trigger for the CHO condition, without setting a backoff timer, to determine when to execute the handover.

[0059] In cases where the quality of the serving cell (cell S) is good, above a certain threshold, the UE may predict a handover failure to cell 1 before the CHO is triggered and report this to the network. In response, the network may take corrective actions, such as removing cell 1 from the CHO list, adjusting the CHO condition for cell 1, or initiating a legacy handover to a different cell or radio access technology (RAT) like 4G, 3G, or 2G. If the UE triggers a CHO condition but anticipates a handover failure, it can either set a backoff timer, adjusting the timer’s duration based on the predicted future quality of cell S (longer if quality remains high, shorter if degradation is expected), or rely on a configured time-to-trigger without using a backoff timer to decide when to proceed with the handover.

[0060] Case 2: The Quality of Cell S is Poor (Below a Certain Threshold):

[0061] This follows the same approach as solution 1.1, where the UE reports potential CHO failures to the network before CHO is triggered, allowing the network to decide on further actions.

[0062] After the CHO to cell 1 is triggered, if the UE predicts a handover failure, it informs the network. The network may then adjust CHO conditions to facilitate a quicker transition to other CHO cells (such as cell 2 or cell 3), or initiate a legacy handover to a different cell or RAT.

[0063] In cases where the quality of cell S is insufficient, risking service loss, the UE may decide to hand over to the best available option between cell 2 and cell 3, even if conditions 2 and 3 are not fully met.

[0064] Additionally, the UE may report a measurement event (e.g., an A3 event) for cells not on the CHO list. Upon receiving this report, the network may trigger a legacy handover to move the UE to these non-CHO cells or to a different RAT. This approach is useful when the UE needs to leave the serving cell quickly to maintain service continuity, even if traditional criteria for the measurement event are not fully met.

[0065] In cases where the quality of the serving cell (cell S) is poor, below a certain threshold, the UE follows a similar approach to the good-quality scenario by reporting potential CHO failures to the network before CHOis triggered, allowing the network to determine further actions. If a CHO to cell 1 is triggered and the UE predicts a failure, it informs the network, which may adjust CHO conditions to expedite the transition to other CHO cells, like cell 2 or cell 3, or initiate a legacy handover to a different cell or RAT. If the quality of cell S is insufficient and service loss is imminent, the UE may choose to hand over to the best available option between cell 2 and cell 3, even if conditions for these cells are not fully met. Additionally, the UE can report a measurement event (e.g., A3) for cells not on the CHO list. Upon receiving this report, the network can trigger a legacy handover to these non-CHO cells or a different RAT, ensuring service continuity even if traditional criteria for the event are not fully satisfied.

[0066] When handling conditional handover (CHO) failures, different approaches are taken based on the quality of the serving cell (cell S). If the quality of cell S is good, above a certain threshold, the UE may predict a handover failure to a target cell (e.g., cell 1) before CHO is triggered and report this to the network. The network can then take corrective actions, such as removing cell 1 from the CHO list, adjusting its CHO condition, or initiating a legacy handover to an alternative cell or Radio Access Technology (RAT) like 4G, 3G, or 2G. In cases where the UE triggers a CHO condition but anticipates a failure, it can either set a backoff timer with a duration based on the predicted quality of cell S or rely on a configured time-to-trigger to determine when to proceed with the handover. When the quality of cell S is poor, below a certain threshold, the UE follows a similar approach by reporting predicted CHO failures before triggering, allowing the network to adjust CHO conditions or take further actions. If a CHO to cell 1 is triggered but is expected to fail, the network may expedite a transition to another CHO cell or initiate a legacy handover. In situations of low cell S quality where service loss is imminent, the UE may autonomously select the best available CHO cell, even if specific conditions are unmet, and may report measurement events (e.g., A3) for non-CHO cells, prompting the network to trigger a handover to these cells or another RAT, ensuring service continuity even if standard criteria are not fully met.

[0067] Commercial interests for some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solve issues in the prior art and other issues. 2. Predict potential CHO failures. 3. Maintain service continuity. 4. Provide a good communication performance. 5. Provide high reliability. Some embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in many applications. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are used by chipset vendors, video system development vendors, automakers including cars, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, moto-bikes, helmets, and etc., drones (unmanned aerial vehicles), smartphone makers, communication devices for public safety use, AR / VR / MR device maker for example gaming, conference / seminar, education purposes. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of “techniques / processes” that can be adopted in video standards to create an end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose technical mechanisms. The at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure may be used for current and / or new / future standards regarding communication systems such as a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. Compatible products follow at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure. The proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus are widely used in a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. With the implementation ofthe at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one modification to methods and apparatus of wireless communication are considered for standardizing.

[0068] FIG. 8 is an example of a computing device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Any suitable computing device can be used for performing the operations described herein. For example, FIG. 8 illustrates an example of the computing device 1100 that can implement some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the computing device 1100 can include a processor 1112 that is communicatively coupled to a memory 1114 and that executes computerexecutable program code and / or accesses information stored in the memory 1114. The processor 1112 may include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), a state machine, or other processing device. The processor 1112 can include any of a number of processing devices, including one. Such a processor can include or may be in communication with a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor 1112, cause the processor to perform the operations described herein.

[0069] The memory 1114 can include any suitable non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer- readable medium can include any electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer- readable medium include a magnetic disk, a memory chip, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a configured processor, optical storage, magnetic tape or other magnetic storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions may include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler and / or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, visual basic, java, python, perl, javascript, and actionscript.

[0070] The computing device 1100 can also include a bus 1116. The bus 1116 can communicatively couple one or more components of the computing device 1100. The computing device 1100 can also include a number of external or internal devices such as input or output devices. For example, the computing device 1100 is illustrated with an input / output (“I / O”) interface 1118 that can receive input from one or more input devices 1120 or provide output to one or more output devices 1122. The one or more input devices 1120 and one or more output devices 1122 can be communicatively coupled to the I / O interface 1118. The communicative coupling can be implemented via any suitable manner (e.g., a connection via a printed circuit board, connection via a cable, communication via wireless transmissions, etc.). Non-limiting examples of input devices 1120 include a touch screen (e g., one or more cameras for imaging a touch area or pressure sensors for detecting pressure changes caused by a touch), a mouse, a keyboard, or any other device that can be used to generate input events in response to physical actions by a user of a computing device. Non-limiting examples of output devices 1122 include a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, an external monitor, a speaker, or any other device that can be used to display or otherwise present outputs generated by a computing device.

[0071] The computing device 1100 can execute program code that configures the processor 1112 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 7. Theprogram code may be resident in the memory 1114 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the processor 1112 or any other suitable processor.

[0072] The computing device 1100 can also include at least one network interface device 1124. The network interface device 1124 can include any device or group of devices suitable for establishing a wired or wireless data connection to one or more data networks 1128. Non limiting examples of the network interface device 1124 include an Ethernet network adapter, a modem, and / or the like. The computing device 1100 can transmit messages as electronic or optical signals via the network interface device 1124.

[0073] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an example of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the communication system 1200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 9 illustrates the communication system 1200 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1210, a baseband circuitry 1220, an application circuitry 1230, a memory / storage 1240, a display 1250, a camera 1260, a sensor 1270, and an input / output (VO) interface 1280, coupled with each other at least as illustrated.

[0074] The application circuitry 1230 may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more singlecore or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system. The communication system 1200 can execute program code that configures the application circuitry 1230 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 7. The program code may be resident in the application circuitry 1230 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the application circuitry 1230 or any other suitable processor.

[0075] The baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that may enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and / or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

[0076] In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency. The RF circuitry 1210 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, theRF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1210 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.

[0077] In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry, the baseband circuitry, and / or the application circuitry. As used herein, “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and / or a memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the application circuitry, and / or the memory / storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC). The memory / storage 1240 may be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for system. The memory / storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM)), and / or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.

[0078] In various embodiments, the VO interface 1280 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and / or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface. In various embodiments, the sensor 1270 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and / or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and / or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.

[0079] In various embodiments, the display 1250 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, the communication system 1200 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, an AR / VR glasses, etc. In various embodiments, system may have more or less components, and / or different architectures. Where appropriate, methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.

[0080] A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and operations described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware orcombinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person having ordinary skill in the art can use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations should not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he / she can refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.

[0081] It is understood that the disclosed system, device, and method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized with other ways. The above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary only. The division of the units is merely based on logical functions while other divisions exist in realization. It is possible that a plurality of units or components are combined or integrated in another system. It is also possible that some characteristics are omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communicative coupling operate through some ports, devices, or units whether indirectly or communicatively by ways of electrical, mechanical, or other kinds of forms.

[0082] The units as separating components for explanation are or are not physically separated. The units for display are or are not physical units, that is, located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purposes of the embodiments. Moreover, each of the functional units in each of the embodiments can be integrated in one processing unit, physically independent, or integrated in one processing unit with two or more than two units.

[0083] If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure can be essentially or partially realized as the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to the conventional technology can be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the operations disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.

[0084] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, comprising: receiving, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE is serviced by a serving cell; using Al capabilities of the UE to predict a potential CHO failure; and determining, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the UE triggers the CHO.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure before the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the UE reports the potential CHO failure to the network.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the UE receives an indication from the network to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells; adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell; or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a radio access technology (RAT).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the UE performs a backoff timer with a duration based on the quality of the serving cell.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the duration of the backoff timer is set relative to a baseline duration, such that if the quality of the serving cell is greater than a second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is longer than the baseline duration; and if the quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is shorter than the baseline duration.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the UE decides to proceed with the CHO based on a configured time-to-trigger parameter.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure before the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE reports the potential CHO failure to the network.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the UE receives an indication from the network to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells; adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell; or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the UE reports the potential CHO failure to the network.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the UE receives an indication from the network to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells;adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell; or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein if a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the threshold and there is a risk of service loss, the UE autonomously decides to handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells even if a corresponding CHO condition for the for the second potential CHO cell is not met.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure, a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the first threshold, and there is a risk of service loss, the UE reports a measurement event for a cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells to the network, and the UE receives an indication from the network to initiate a handover to the cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

13. A method of handling a conditional handover (CHO) failure performed by a network in communication with a user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when determining that the UE is serviced by a serving cell; receiving, from the UE, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE; and determining whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information received from the UE.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein if the network receives the information from the UE before the CHO is triggered and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the network transmits an indication to the UE to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells; adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell; or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or to a radio access technology (RAT).

15. The method of claim 13, wherein if the network receives the information from the UE after the CHO is triggered and a quality of the serving cell is greater than a first threshold, the network processes a report from the UE about a backoff timer set with a duration based on the quality of the serving cell.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the duration of the backoff timer is set relative to a baseline duration, such that if the quality of the serving cell is greater than a second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is longer than the baseline duration; and if the quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the second threshold, the duration of the backoff timer is shorter than the baseline duration.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein if the network receives the information from the UE before the CHO is triggered and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the network transmits an indication to the UE to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells; adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell; or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein if the UE predicts the potential CHO failure after the UE triggers the CHO and a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to a first threshold, the network transmits an indication tothe UE to: remove the first potential CHO cell from the list of potential CHO cells; adjust a corresponding CHO condition for the first potential CHO cell; or initiate a handover to a second potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells or a RAT.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein if a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the threshold and there is a risk of service loss, the network indicates the UE to handover to a second potential CHO cell even if the corresponding CHO condition for the second potential CHO cell is not met.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein if the networks receives the information from the UE, a quality of the serving cell is less than or equal to the first threshold and there is a risk of service loss, the network receives, from the UE, a report of a measurement event for a cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells and transmits an indication to the UE to initiate a handover to the cell not included in the list of potential CHO cells or to a RAT.

21. A user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, comprising: a receiver configured to receive, from a network, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the UE is serviced by a serving cell; and a determiner configured to use Al capabilities of the UE to predict a potential CHO failure and determine, based on the potential CHO failure, whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered.

22. A user equipment (UE) equipped with artificial intelligence (Al) capabilities, comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver; wherein the UE is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.

23. Abase station, comprising: a transceiver and a determiner coupled to the transceiver; wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit, to the UE, a list of potential CHO cells along with corresponding CHO conditions for the list of potential CHO cells when the determiner determines that the UE is serviced by a serving cell; wherein the transceiver is configured to receive, from the UE, information that a potential CHO failure has been predicted using Al capabilities of the UE; and wherein the determiner is configured to determine whether a CHO to a first potential CHO cell of the list of potential CHO cells fails before the CHO is triggered based on the information received from the UE.

24. Abase station, comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver; wherein the base station is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 13 to 20.

Images