Wireless communication method and communication device

Abstract

Provided are a wireless communication method and a communication device. The method comprises: a first device sends a first message to a second device, the first message comprising a first QoS parameter, and the first QoS parameter being used for controlling transmission of a data unit set on a first communication link. The first communication link is a direct communication link between a first terminal device and a second terminal device, or the first communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-3GPP device.

Description

Wireless communication method and communication device Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a wireless communication method and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] For certain services, such as extended reality (XR), data is transmitted at the granularity of data unit sets (such as protocol data unit sets (PDU sets)). Ensuring the transmission quality of such data is a critical issue for these services.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a wireless communication method and a communication device. The following introduces various aspects involved in the present application.

[0005] In a first aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, comprising: a first device sending a first message to a second device, the first message including a first quality of service (QoS) parameter, the first QoS parameter being used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein the first communication link is a direct communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) device.

[0006] According to a second aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, comprising: a second device receiving a first message sent by a first device, the first message including a first QoS parameter, and the first QoS parameter being used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein the first communication link is a direct communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-3GPP device.

[0007] According to a third aspect, a communication device is provided, which is a first device, and includes: a first communication module, used to send a first message to a second device, the first message including a first QoS parameter, and the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein the first communication link is a direct communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-3GPP device.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, which is a second device, and the communication device includes: a first communication module, used to receive a first message sent by a first device, the first message including a first QoS parameter, and the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein the first communication link is a direct communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-3GPP device.

[0009] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a transceiver, a memory, and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store programs, and the processor is used to call the programs in the memory and control the transceiver to receive or send signals so that the communication device executes the method as described in any one of the first to second aspects.

[0010] In a sixth aspect, a device is provided, comprising a processor for calling a program from a memory so that the device executes the method as described in any one of the first to second aspects.

[0011] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided, comprising a processor for calling a program from a memory so that a device equipped with the chip executes a method as described in any one of the first to second aspects.

[0012] In an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a program is stored, wherein the program enables a computer to execute the method as described in any one of the first to second aspects.

[0013] In a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, characterized in that it includes a program, and the program enables a computer to execute the method as described in any one of the first to second aspects.

[0014] In a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided, which enables a computer to execute the method as described in any one of the first to second aspects.

[0015] The embodiment of the present application introduces a first QoS parameter (for controlling the transmission of a data unit set) for a first communication link (which can be a direct communication link between a first terminal device and a second terminal device, or a communication link between a first terminal device and a non-3GPP device), thereby ensuring the transmission quality of service data with a data unit set as the granularity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] FIG1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system architecture of a wireless communication system to which an embodiment of the present application may be applied.

[0017] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the core network architecture of a fifth generation (5G) communication system.

[0018] FIG3 is another schematic diagram of the core network architecture of a 5G communication system.

[0019] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a communication scenario to which an embodiment of the present application can be applied.

[0020] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of another communication scenario to which an embodiment of the present application can be applied.

[0021] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another communication scenario to which the embodiments of the present application can be applied.

[0022] FIG7 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0023] FIG8 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0024] FIG9 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0025] FIG10 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0026] FIG11 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG12 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG13 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG14 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG15 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG16 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG17 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of a device to which an embodiment of the present application can be applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the system architecture of a wireless communication system 100 to which an embodiment of the present application may be applied. The wireless communication system 100 may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120. The network device 110 may be a device that communicates with the terminal device 120. The network device 110 may provide network coverage for a specific geographical area and may communicate with the terminal device 120 located within the coverage area. The terminal device 120 may access a network (e.g., a wireless network) through the network device 110. Optionally, the wireless communication system 100 may also include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0038] It should be understood that the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: fifth generation (5G) system or new radio (NR), long term evolution (LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (TDD), etc. The technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the sixth generation mobile communication system, satellite communication system, etc.

[0039] The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application may refer to a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user and can be used to connect people, objects, and machines, such as a handheld device with wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, etc. The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, etc. Optionally, the terminal device can be used to act as a base station. For example, the terminal device can act as a scheduling entity that provides sidelink signals between terminal devices in vehicle to everything (V2X) or device to device (D2D). For example, a cellular phone and a car communicate with each other using sidelink signals. The cellular phone and smart home devices communicate without relaying the communication signal through a base station.

[0040] The network device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal device. The network device may be, for example, an access network device or a wireless access network device. For example, the network device may be a base station. The base station may broadly cover the following various names, or be replaced with the following names: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmission point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, base band unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. The base station may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node or the like, or a combination thereof.

[0041] Terminal devices can communicate with each other via sidelinks. Sidelink communication can also be called proximity services (ProSe) communication, unilateral communication, sidelink communication, or D2D communication.

[0042] Figures 2 and 3 are architectural diagrams of the 5G communication system. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, core network elements are connected to each other through agreed interfaces, and core network elements interact by calling services provided by the network elements. It should be understood that Figures 2 and 3 are only examples, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the interface method or service call mode adopted between network elements. In the network architecture shown in Figures 2 and 3, the UE can establish an access layer connection with the access node (AN) through the air interface (Uu interface). After connecting to the access layer, the UE can exchange access layer messages with the AN and perform wireless data transmission. The UE can establish a non-access stratum (NAS) connection with the access and mobility management function (AMF) through the N1 interface to exchange NAS messages. In addition to being responsible for mobility management of the UE, the AMF is also responsible for forwarding session management related messages between the UE and the session management function (SMF). The policy control function (PCF) is responsible for formulating policies related to UE mobility management, session management, billing, etc. The user plane function (UPF) transmits data to the external data network through the N6 interface and to the AN through the N3 interface. After the UE accesses the 5G network through the Uu interface, it can transmit service data over the 5G network. The SMF can control the data transmission of QoS flows between the UE and the UPF based on the QoS parameters of the QoS flow.

[0043] As shown in Figure 4, two UEs (UE A and UE B) capable of proximity-based services (prose) can communicate directly over the PC5 interface. When the two UEs transmit service data over the direct communication link, the communication quality of the PC5 interface can be controlled using PC5 QoS flows and corresponding QoS parameters.

[0044] As shown in Figure 5, when a UE can connect to an external application server (AS) or data network via a 5G network, the UE can act as a relay UE. Another remote UE with prose communication capability can establish a direct communication link with the relay UE via the PC5 interface and interact with the external application server through the PDU session established between the relay UE and the 5G network.

[0045] As shown in Figure 6, the UE can also establish a direct connection with a non-3GPP device through non-3GPP protocols (such as Bluetooth, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), etc.). Non-3GPP devices can be tethered devices such as headphones and watches. When the UE can connect to an external application server or data network through a 5G network, the non-3GPP device can interact with the external network through the PDU session established between the UE and the 5G network.

[0046] With the development of technology, XR services are gradually emerging. XR services may include one or more of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and cloud gaming. For XR services, application layer data that has undergone specific encoding and compression is usually transmitted. During the encoding process, the media data may be divided into multiple data unit sets (such as PDU sets), and each data unit set can be encoded independently. For example, a 100*100 pixel picture can be divided into 10 100*10 pixel picture blocks, and then each picture block can be encoded independently. After the UE receives the picture block, it can decode each picture block separately and then combine the entire picture. For XR services, QoS control based on the granularity of data unit sets (such as PDU sets) can effectively improve user experience. The QoS parameters used for QoS control of data unit sets (such as PDU sets) may include, for example, PDU set delay budget (PSDB) and / or PDU set error rate (PSER).

[0047] In related technologies, when a terminal device accesses a 3GPP network through a Uu port to transmit XR services, the QoS parameters of the QoS flow determined by the SMF may include parameters for controlling the transmission of a data unit set (such as a PDU set), such as PSDB and PSER. The use of these QoS parameters can ensure the transmission quality of XR service data. However, since these QoS parameters can only be used to control data transmission between the terminal device and the UPF, the transmission quality of the XR service cannot be guaranteed in some scenarios. For example, in the scenario shown in Figure 4, UE A communicates directly with UE B through the PC5 interface. If the PC5 interface is used to transmit service data of the XR service, the transmission quality of the service data cannot be controlled on the PC5 interface between UE A and UE B. For another example, in the scenario shown in Figure 5, the remote UE interacts with the external network through the relay UE and the core network. If the service data of the XR service is transmitted between the remote UE and the external network, the transmission quality of the service data cannot be controlled on the PC5 interface between the remote UE and the relay UE. For another example, in the scenario shown in Figure 6, the tethered device interacts with the external network through the UE and the core network. If the service data transmitted between the tethered device and the UE is the service data of the XR service, the transmission quality of the service data cannot be controlled on the non-3GPP interface (such as Bluetooth, WiFi) between the tethered device and the UE. It should be understood that this is only an example of the XR service, and the embodiments of the present application can be applied to other scenarios where data transmission is performed at the granularity of a data unit set.

[0048] In summary, for service data with a granularity of a data unit set (such as a PDU set), how to ensure the transmission quality of such service data is a problem that needs to be solved.

[0049] FIG7 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG7 , in step S710 , a first device sends a first message to a second device.

[0050] The first message includes a first QoS parameter. The first QoS parameter may be associated with the transmission of a data unit set. In some implementations, the data unit set may refer to a PDU set. Alternatively, in other implementations, the data unit set may refer to other types of data unit sets that may appear in the future.

[0051] The first QoS parameter may refer to a QoS parameter of a first QoS flow. The first QoS flow may be used to carry service data of a first service. The first service may be any type of service that is transmitted at a granularity of a set of data units. In some implementations, the first service may be an XR service. For example, the first service may be one or more of an AR service, a VR service, and a cloud gaming service.

[0052] A first QoS parameter may be associated with transmission of the set of data units over the first communication link.

[0053] In some implementations, the first communication link may be (or include) a direct communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device. The direct communication link may refer to a communication link established between the first terminal device and the second terminal device based on the PC5 interface. Therefore, the first QoS parameter may be associated with the transmission of a set of data units on the PC5 interface. This implementation introduces a first QoS parameter (for controlling the transmission of a set of data units) for the direct communication link (or PC5 interface) between terminal devices, which helps to improve the transmission quality of specific services (i.e., services that transmit data at a granularity of a set of data units, such as XR services) on the direct communication link (or PC5 interface).

[0054] In some implementations, the first communication link may also be (or include) a communication link (or a direct communication link) between the first terminal device and the non-3GPP device. The first terminal device and the non-3GPP device may be communicatively connected via Bluetooth or WiFi. Non-3GPP devices may be, for example, tethered devices such as headphones and watches. This implementation introduces a first QoS parameter (for controlling the transmission of a data unit set) for a communication link based on a non-3GPP protocol, which helps to improve the transmission quality of specific services (referring to services that transmit data at a granularity of a data unit set, such as XR services) on such communication links.

[0055] In some implementations, associating the first QoS parameter with transmission of the set of data units on the first communication link may include: the first QoS parameter may be used to control transmission of the set of data units on the first communication link. Alternatively, associating the first QoS parameter with transmission of the set of data units on the first communication link may include: the first QoS parameter may indicate a QoS requirement or QoS expectation for the set of data units on the first communication link.

[0056] For example, the first QoS parameter may be used to control the transmission delay of a set of data units on the first communication link. Alternatively, the first QoS parameter may be used to indicate the transmission delay requirement of a set of data units on the first communication link. Taking the set of data units as a PDU set as an example, the first QoS parameter may include a PSDB.

[0057] For another example, the first QoS parameter may be used to control the transmission error rate of a set of data units on the first communication link. Alternatively, the first QoS parameter may be used to indicate a transmission error rate requirement for a set of data units on the first communication link. For example, if the set of data units is a PDU set, the first QoS parameter may include a PSER.

[0058] Figure 7 is a description from the perspective of communication between a first device and a second device. The types of the first device and the second device are related to the actual application scenario and are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the application.

[0059] In some implementations, in the communication scenario shown in Figure 4, the first device and the second device may be a first terminal device and a second terminal device, respectively. Furthermore, the first message exchanged between the first device and the second device may be a message sent by the terminal device via the PC5 interface.

[0060] In some implementations, in the communication scenario shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6, the first device and the second device may be a first core network element (such as SMF) and a first terminal device, respectively. Further, the first message may be a communication message sent by the core network to the terminal device.

[0061] In some implementations, in the communication scenario shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6, the first device and the second device may be a second core network element (such as a PCF) and a first core network element (such as an SMF), respectively. The first message may be a communication message between core network elements.

[0062] In some implementations, in the communication scenario shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6, the first device and the second device are respectively a first terminal device and a second core network element (such as PCF). The first message can be a communication message sent by the terminal device to the core network.

[0063] For ease of understanding, the solution shown in FIG. 7 is described in more detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Referring to FIG. 8 , in this embodiment, a first terminal device sends a first message to a second terminal device (step S810). The first message includes first QoS parameters. The first QoS parameters are used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a direct communication link (or PC5 interface, PC5 link) between the first terminal device and the second terminal device. The first QoS parameters may include, for example, PSDB and / or PSER.

[0066] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter is a QoS parameter of a first QoS flow (which may be a PC5 QoS flow), and the first message may also carry identification information of the first QoS flow, identification information of the second terminal device, and one or more of service information.

[0067] After the first terminal device sends the first message to the second terminal device, in some implementations, see Figure 8, the second terminal device may also send a second message to the first terminal device (step S820). The second message may include a second QoS parameter acceptable to the second terminal device. The second QoS parameter can be used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the direct communication link. The second QoS parameter may, for example, include identification information of a QoS flow acceptable to the second terminal device and / or QoS parameters corresponding to the QoS flow (e.g., PSDB, PSER, etc.).

[0068] In the first embodiment, the first terminal device and the second terminal device exchange QoS parameters (e.g., PSDB, PSER, etc.) for QoS control at the granularity of a data unit set (e.g., PDU set). Therefore, the first terminal device and the second terminal device can schedule wireless resources based on the QoS parameters at the data unit set level, thereby ensuring the communication quality of the direct communication link.

[0069] The first message mentioned above may be any type of communication message transmitted between the first terminal device and the second terminal device. The following describes in detail the types of the first message and / or the second message with reference to FIG9 to FIG11.

[0070] In some implementations, the first message may be a message sent by the first terminal device and the second terminal device during the process of establishing a direct communication link. For example, as shown in Figure 9, the first message may be a direct communication request message (step S910). That is, the first terminal device may carry the first QoS parameter in the direct communication request message. The direct communication request message may also be referred to as a direct communication link establishment request message. After receiving the direct communication request message, in some implementations, the second terminal device may send a direct security mode command message or a direct communication accept message to the first terminal device (step S920).

[0071] Optionally, in the implementation corresponding to FIG9 , the second message mentioned above may be a direct communication acceptance message. That is, the first terminal device may carry the first QoS parameters via a direct communication request message. Correspondingly, the second terminal device may carry the second QoS parameters acceptable to the second terminal device via a direct communication acceptance message.

[0072] In some implementations, the first message may be a message sent by the first terminal device and the second terminal device during the security establishment process. For example, as shown in FIG10 , the first terminal device may first receive a direct security mode command message sent by the second terminal device (step S1010). After receiving the direct security mode command message, in some implementations, the first terminal device may send a direct security mode complete message to the second terminal device (step S1020). The direct security mode complete message may correspond to the first message mentioned above, and the direct security mode complete message may carry the first QoS parameter mentioned above.

[0073] Optionally, in the implementation corresponding to FIG10 , the second message mentioned above may be a direct communication acceptance message (not shown in FIG10 ). That is, the first terminal device carries the first QoS parameters via a direct security mode completion message. Correspondingly, the second terminal device carries the second QoS parameters acceptable to the second terminal device via a direct communication acceptance message.

[0074] In some implementations, the first message may be a message sent by the first terminal device and the second terminal device during a link modification process. For example, as shown in FIG11 , the first terminal device may send a link modification request message to the second terminal device (step S1110). Furthermore, in some implementations, the first terminal device may receive a link modification accept message sent by the second terminal device (step S1120).

[0075] Optionally, in the implementation corresponding to FIG11 , the second message mentioned above can be a link modification accept message sent by the second terminal device. That is, the first terminal device can carry the first QoS parameters via the link modification request message. Accordingly, the second terminal device can carry the second QoS parameters acceptable to the second terminal device via the link modification accept message.

[0076] The following describes embodiment 1 in more detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the examples shown in Figures 12 to 13 can be applied to the communication scenarios shown in Figures 4 or 5 mentioned above. In the examples of Figures 12 to 13, UE1 corresponds to the first terminal device in the foregoing, and UE2 corresponds to the second terminal device in the foregoing. It should be understood that the examples of Figures 12 to 13 are merely to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific numerical values ​​or specific scenarios illustrated. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes based on the examples of Figures 12 to 13 given, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0077] This example adds a PDU set-based QoS control method to the direct communication link (or PC5 interface) between UE1 and UE2. Specifically, UE1 sends QoS flow information to UE2, including QoS parameters such as PSDB and PSER for controlling the QoS flow at the PDU set granularity. UE2 then feeds back acceptable QoS flow information to UE1.

[0078] Figure 12 shows the PC5 link establishment process provided in this example. Referring to Figure 12, in step S1210, UE1 sends a direct communication request message. The message may directly carry the identification information of UE2, or carry service information. In one embodiment, UE1 carries QoS flow information in the message. The QoS flow information may include the QoS flow identifier (that is, the PC5 QoS flow identifier) ​​on the direct communication link, and the QoS parameters corresponding to the QoS flow. The QoS parameters include parameters for controlling the PDU set, such as PSDB, PSER, etc.

[0079] In step S1220, if the direct communication request message includes UE2's identification information, or UE2 is interested in the service information carried in the message, UE2 and UE1 perform a security establishment process. Specifically, UE2 sends a direct link security mode command message to UE1, and UE1 replies with a direct link security mode complete message to UE2. In another embodiment (alternative to the embodiment of step S1210), UE1 includes QoS flow information in the direct link security mode complete message. This QoS flow information may include the QoS flow identifier (i.e., PC5 QoS flow identifier) ​​on the direct communication link and the QoS parameters corresponding to the QoS flow. The QoS parameters include parameters for PDU set control, such as PSDB and PSER.

[0080] In step S1230, after completing the security establishment process with UE1, UE2 sends a direct communication acceptance message to UE1. This message includes information about QoS flows acceptable to UE2. For example, this QoS flow information may include an identifier of a QoS flow acceptable to UE2 and QoS parameters corresponding to the QoS flow. These QoS parameters include parameters for PDU set control, such as PSDB and PSER.

[0081] Figure 13 shows the PC5 link modification process provided in this example. Referring to Figure 13, in step S1310, if UE1 determines to add a QoS flow to the established PC5 link, or to modify the QoS parameters of the QoS flow in the PC5 link, UE1 sends a link modification request message. The message carries the QoS flow information that needs to be newly added or the QoS flow information that needs to be modified. The QoS flow information may include the QoS flow identifier on the direct communication link (that is, the PC5 QoS flow identifier), and the QoS parameters corresponding to the QoS flow. The QoS parameters may include parameters for PDU set control, such as PSDB, PSER, etc.

[0082] In step S1320, UE2 responds to UE1 with a Direct Link Modification Accept message. This message includes information about QoS flows acceptable to UE2. This QoS flow information may include, for example, an identifier of a QoS flow acceptable to UE2 and QoS parameters corresponding to the QoS flow. These QoS parameters may include parameters controlling PDU sets, such as PSDB and PSER.

[0083] In this embodiment, UE1 and UE2 exchange QoS parameters, such as PSDB and PSER, controlled at the PDU set level. Therefore, the direct communication link between UE1 and UE2 can be controlled based on the QoS parameters at the PDU set level. For example, the access layers of UE1 and UE2 can schedule radio resources based on the QoS parameters at the PDU set level, thereby ensuring the communication quality of the direct communication link.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] In certain communication scenarios (such as the communication scenarios shown in Figures 5 or 6), a data unit set needs to be transmitted between the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device) and the UPF in the core network (or an application server outside the core network). In addition, the transmission of the data unit set between the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device) and the UPF needs to pass through the first terminal device, that is, the first terminal device is a relay device on the transmission link of the data unit set. In this scenario, in order to be able to effectively control the transmission quality of the data unit set on the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device), it is necessary to introduce a first QoS parameter (such as PSDB and / or PSER, etc.). In Example 2, the first QoS parameter is not determined by the interaction between the first terminal device and the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device), but is determined by the core network element and sent to the first terminal device. The following is a detailed description of Example 2 in conjunction with Figure 14.

[0086] Referring to Figure 14, the second core network element sends a first QoS parameter to the first core network element (step S1410). Taking the 5G network as an example, the first core network element may be, for example, an SMF, and the second core network element may be, for example, a PCF. The first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device). The first QoS parameter may include, for example, information such as PSDB and / or PSER.

[0087] After receiving the first QoS parameter, in some implementations, the first core network element may send the first QoS parameter to the first terminal device (step S1420). The first QoS parameter may be included in a QoS rule and sent to the first terminal device through the QoS rule. Alternatively, the first QoS parameter may also be included in the QoS parameter of the QoS flow and sent to the first terminal device through the QoS parameter of the QoS flow. The above-mentioned QoS rules or QoS parameters of the QoS flow may be carried in a PDU session establishment completion message, a PDU session modification command, or a PDU session modification response message.

[0088] After receiving the first QoS parameter, in some implementations, the first terminal device may control the transmission of a set of data units on the first communication link (the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device) according to the first QoS parameter (step S1430). For example, if the first communication link is a communication link between a first terminal device (relay terminal device) and a second terminal device (remote terminal device), the first terminal device and the second terminal device may schedule wireless resources on the first communication link according to the first QoS parameter, thereby ensuring the communication quality of the first communication link. For another example, if the first communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-3GPP device, the first communication device and the non-3GPP device may use a non-3GPP protocol (such as a wifi protocol) for QoS control.

[0089] In some implementations, before step S1410, the second core network element (e.g., PCF) may first receive a third message (not shown in FIG. 14 ). The third message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter. The fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the third communication link. The third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link mentioned above. For example, the third communication link is a communication link between the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device) and the UPF.

[0090] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the requester of the fourth QoS parameter. In some implementations, the fourth QoS parameter may be a QoS parameter requested by an application function (AF). For example, the AF may directly request the fourth QoS parameter from the second core network element. Alternatively, the AF may also request the fourth QoS parameter from the PCF through a network exposure function (NEF).

[0091] Alternatively, in some implementations, the fourth QoS parameter may be a QoS parameter requested by the first terminal device. For example, the first terminal device may request the fourth QoS parameter from the first core network element (such as SMF) through a session establishment request message, and forward the fourth QoS parameter to the second core network element (such as PCF) through the first core network element. For another example, the first terminal device may request the fourth QoS parameter from the first core network element (such as SMF) through a session modification request message, and forward the fourth QoS parameter to the second core network element (such as PCF) through the first core network element.

[0092] In addition to carrying the fourth QoS parameter, the third message mentioned above may, in some implementations, further carry information about a second terminal device or a non-3GPP device. The information about the second terminal device may, for example, include one or more of the following information: identification information of the second terminal device, and first indication information (used to indicate that the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the second terminal device). The information about the non-3GPP device may, for example, include one or more of the following information: identification information of the non-3GPP device, and first indication information (used to indicate that the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the non-3GPP device).

[0093] In some implementations, after receiving the fourth QoS parameter, the second core network element may determine the first QoS parameter and / or the third QoS parameter based on the fourth QoS parameter. That is, the second core network element may divide the fourth QoS parameter into two parts, namely, the first QoS parameter and the third QoS parameter. The first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the first communication link (the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device), and the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link (the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF). For example, the fourth QoS parameter includes PSDB, and PSDB = 200ms. The second core network element may divide the fourth QoS parameter into the first QoS parameter and the third QoS parameter, wherein the first QoS parameter includes PSDB, and PSDB = 50ms; and the third QoS parameter includes PSDB, and PSDB = 150ms. The first QoS parameter and the third QoS parameter together meet the QoS requirements between the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device) and the UPF. Thus, it can be seen that in this implementation, the core network determines the first QoS parameter (used to control the transmission quality of the data unit set on the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device) and the third QoS parameter (used to control the transmission quality of the data unit set on the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF). The first QoS parameter and the third QoS parameter together ensure that the QoS requirements between the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device and the UPF (or application server) are met.

[0094] In some implementations, in addition to sending the first QoS parameter to the first core network element (such as SMF), the second core network element (such as PCF) may also send a third QoS parameter to the first core network element. The third QoS parameter can be used to control the transmission of a set of data units (such as PDU set) on the second communication link. The second communication link mentioned here is the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF, and the first communication link and the second communication link can jointly form a communication link between the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device) and the UPF. After receiving the third QoS parameter, the first core network element can control the transmission of the set of data units on the second communication link based on the third QoS parameter.

[0095] It should be noted that, in the second embodiment, the first device mentioned above may be a second core network element (such as a PCF), and the second device may be a first core network element (such as an SMF). In this case, the first message may be the message corresponding to step S1410. Alternatively, the first device mentioned above may be a first core network element (such as an SMF), and the second device may be a first terminal device. In this case, the first message may be the message corresponding to step S1420.

[0096] The embodiments of the present application are described in more detail below with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that Figure 15 can be applied to the scenarios shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 mentioned above. In the example of Figure 15, the UE corresponds to the first terminal device mentioned above, the remote UE corresponds to the second terminal device mentioned above, the tethered device corresponds to the non-3GPP device mentioned above, the SMF corresponds to the first core network element mentioned above, and the PCF corresponds to the second core network element mentioned above. It should be understood that the example of Figure 15 is only to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific numerical values ​​or specific scenarios illustrated. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes based on the example of Figure 15, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0097] In the scenario shown in Figure 15, service data is transmitted between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. The transmission of this service data needs to pass through two wireless interfaces: the wireless interface 1 (PC5 or non-3GPP interface, such as WiFi) between the remote UE / tethered device and the UE, and the Uu interface between the UE and the 3GPP network. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the QoS parameters on the two wireless interfaces to jointly meet the quality of service of the transmission between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. In this embodiment, the core network element separately determines the QoS parameters of the Uu interface (in this example, the QoS parameters of the Uu interface and the QoS parameters between the UE and the UPF refer to the same parameters) and the QoS parameters of the wireless interface 1 between the remote UE / tethered device and the UE, and sends the QoS parameters of the wireless interface 1 (including parameters for PDU set control, such as PSDB, PSER, etc.) to the UE acting as a relay for QoS control of the wireless interface 1.

[0098] In step S1510a, the UE sends a QoS request message to the SMF located in the core network. The QoS request message represents the QoS requirement between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. The QoS requirement includes QoS parameters at the PDU set level, such as PSDB, PSER, etc. For example, the QoS requirement includes PSDB, and PSDB = 200ms. The UE may also provide information about the remote UE / tethered device corresponding to the QoS request message, such as identification information of the remote UE / tethered device, or indicate that the QoS request information is requested for the remote UE / tethered device. The above information may be carried in a session establishment request or a session modification request message. After receiving the QoS request message, the SMF may further send the information to the PCF.

[0099] In step S1510b, the AF sends a QoS request message to the PCF. The QoS request message represents the QoS requirement between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. The QoS requirement includes QoS parameters at the PDU set level, such as PSDB, PSER, etc. For example, the QoS requirement includes PSDB, and PSDB = 200ms. The AF can also provide information about the remote UE / tethered device corresponding to the QoS request message, such as identification information of the remote UE / tethered device, or indicate that the QoS request message is information requested for the remote UE / tethered device. The QoS request message sent by the AF can be sent directly to the PCF, or it can be forwarded to the PCF through the NEF.

[0100] In step S1520, the PCF determines QoS parameters 2 for the UE accessing the 3GPP network via the Uu interface based on the acquired QoS request information. These parameters are the QoS parameters between the UE and the UPF, and QoS parameters 1 between the remote UE / tethered device and the UE. These QoS parameters are PDU set-level QoS parameters, such as PSDB and PSER. For example, PSDB in QoS parameter 2 is 150ms, and PSDB in QoS parameter 1 is 50ms. Together, these two QoS parameters meet the QoS requirements between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. The PCF sends these two QoS parameters to the SMF.

[0101] In step S1530, the SMF performs QoS control on data transmission between the UE and the UPF based on QoS parameter 2. The SMF sends QoS parameter 1 to the UE. QoS parameter 1 may be included in a QoS rule and delivered to the UE, or it may be included in the QoS parameters of a QoS flow and delivered to the UE. The QoS rule or QoS parameters of a QoS flow are carried in a PDU Session Establishment Complete message, a PDU Session Modify Command message, or a PDU Session Modify Response message.

[0102] Step S1540: The UE performs QoS control on the wireless link between the UE and the remote UE / tethered device based on the received QoS parameter 1. If it is a remote UE, the interface between the UE and the remote UE is the PC5 interface. In this case, the method of embodiment 1 can be used to perform QoS control on the data on the PC5 link. If it is a tethered device, a non-3GPP protocol (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) can be used for QoS control.

[0103] In this embodiment, the core network determines QoS parameters on two radio interfaces so that these QoS parameters together meet the transmission quality of the PDU set between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. The core network sends the PDU set-level QoS parameters (e.g., PSDB, PSER, etc.) between the remote UE / tethered device and the UE to the UE. This allows the UE and the remote UE / tethered device to schedule radio resources based on the PDU set-level QoS parameters to ensure the communication quality of the direct communication link. Furthermore, the core network can ensure the communication quality of the Uu interface, thereby ensuring that the transmission quality between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server is met.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] In embodiment three, the first terminal device corresponds to the first device mentioned above, and the first core network element or the second core network element corresponds to the second device mentioned above. Referring to Figure 16, the first terminal device sends a first message to the first core network element or the second core network element (step S1610). The first message includes a first QoS parameter (such as PSDB and / or PSER, etc.). The first QoS parameter can be used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the first communication link. The first communication link can be a communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-3GPP device. The first message can be a session establishment request message or a session modification request message exchanged between the first terminal device and the first core network element (SMF). After receiving the first QoS parameter, the first core network element can forward the first QoS parameter to the second core network element (PCF). Of course, the forwarding process of the first QoS parameter can also be understood as the process of the first terminal device sending the first QoS parameter to the second core network element through the first core network element.

[0106] Before executing step S1610, the first terminal device may negotiate with the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device to determine the first QoS parameter (step S1605). If the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, the first terminal device may negotiate with the second terminal device in the manner described in Example 1 to determine the first QoS parameter; if the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the communication link between the first terminal device and the non-3GPP device, the first terminal device may negotiate with the non-3GPP device in a non-3GPP protocol (such as a Wi-Fi protocol) to determine the first QoS parameter.

[0107] In some implementations, the second core network element receives a fifth message (not shown in FIG. 16 ). The fifth message is used to request fourth QoS parameters, which are used to control the transmission of the set of data units on the third communication link. The third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link mentioned above. For example, the third communication link is a communication link between the second terminal device (or non-3GPP device) and the UPF.

[0108] The present embodiment does not specifically limit the requester of the fourth QoS parameter. In some implementations, the fourth QoS parameter may be a QoS parameter requested by the AF. For example, the AF may directly request the fourth QoS parameter from the second core network element. Alternatively, the AF may request the fourth QoS parameter from the PCF via the NEF.

[0109] Alternatively, in some implementations, the fourth QoS parameter may be a QoS parameter requested by the first terminal device. For example, the first terminal device may request the fourth QoS parameter from the first core network element (such as the SMF) via a session establishment request message, and forward the fourth QoS parameter to the second core network element via the first core network element. For another example, the first terminal device may request the fourth QoS parameter from the first core network element (such as the SMF) via a session modification request message, and forward the fourth QoS parameter to the second core network element via the first core network element.

[0110] After receiving the fourth QoS parameter, in some implementations, the second core network element may determine a third QoS parameter based on the first QoS parameter and the fourth QoS parameter. The third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link. For example, the first QoS parameter includes PSDB, and PSDB=50ms, and the fourth QoS parameter includes PSDB, and PSDB=200ms, then the second network element may determine that PSDB in the third QoS parameter is 150ms. After determining the third QoS parameter, the second core network element may send the third QoS parameter to the first core network element so that the first core network element performs QoS control on the transmission between the first terminal device and the UPF according to the third QoS parameter.

[0111] The embodiments of the present application are described in more detail below with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that Figure 17 can be applied to the scenarios shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 mentioned above. In the example of Figure 17, the UE corresponds to the first terminal device mentioned above, the remote UE corresponds to the second terminal device mentioned above, the tethered device corresponds to the non-3GPP device mentioned above, the SMF corresponds to the first core network element mentioned above, and the PCF corresponds to the second core network element mentioned above. It should be understood that the example of Figure 17 is only to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific numerical values ​​or specific scenarios illustrated. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes based on the example of Figure 17, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0112] Different from the method shown in FIG15 , in FIG17 , the UE can independently determine the QoS parameters 1 (including parameters for PDU set control, such as PSDB, PSER, etc.) of the wireless interface 1 (PC5 interface or non-3GPP interface, such as WiFi, etc.) between the UE and the remote UE / tethered device. If it is a remote UE, the UE and the remote UE can determine the QoS parameters 1 using the method described in the first embodiment. If it is a tethered device, the UE can interact with the tethered device through a non-3GPP protocol (such as WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.) to determine the QoS parameters 1. In this embodiment, the UE sends the QoS parameters 1 of the wireless interface 1 to the core network, which is used by the core network to determine the QoS parameters 2 of the Uu port (the QoS parameters 2 of the Uu port can also be understood as the QoS parameters between the UE and the UPF), so that the QoS parameters 1 and QoS parameters 2 jointly meet the transmission quality between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server.

[0113] In step S1710, the UE performs QoS control on wireless interface 1. This QoS control may be based on QoS parameter 1. If the UE is a remote UE, the UE and the remote UE may determine QoS parameter 1 using the method described in Example 1. If the UE is a tethered device, the UE may interact with the tethered device via a non-3GPP protocol (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) to determine QoS parameter 1.

[0114] In step S1720, the AF sends a QoS request message to the PCF. The QoS request message represents the QoS requirement between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. The QoS requirement includes QoS parameters at the PDU set level, such as PSDB, PSER, etc. For example, the QoS parameters include PSDB, and PSDB = 200ms. The AF may also provide information about the remote UE / tethered device corresponding to the QoS request message, such as identification information of the remote UE / tethered device, or information indicating that the QoS request message is requested for the remote UE / tethered device. The AF may send the QoS request message directly to the PCF, or may forward it to the PCF through the NEF.

[0115] In step S1730, the UE sends QoS parameters 1 (including parameters for PDU set control, such as PSDB and PSER) for wireless interface 1 (PC5 interface or non-3GPP interface, such as Wi-Fi) to the SMF located in the core network. QoS parameters 1 represent the QoS requirements between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. For example, the QoS parameters include PSDB, and PSDB = 50ms. The above information can be carried in the session establishment request or session modification request message. The SMF can further send this information to the PCF.

[0116] In step S1740, the PCF determines QoS parameters 2 for the UE accessing the 3GPP network via the Uu interface based on the QoS request information received from the AF and QoS parameters 1 obtained from the remote UE / tethered device. QoS parameters 2 include PDU set-level QoS parameters, such as PSDB and PSER. The PCF ensures that these two QoS parameters together meet the QoS requirements between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server. The PCF sends these QoS parameters 2 to the SMF. The SMF performs QoS control on data transmission between the UE and the UPF based on QoS parameters 2.

[0117] Compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 15 , this embodiment provides more autonomous QoS control for the direct communication link between the remote UE / tethered device and the UE, eliminating the need to receive QoS parameters for this direct communication link from the core network. This approach facilitates flexible QoS control based on the conditions of the direct communication link. In this embodiment, the QoS parameters of the Uu interface are adjusted based on the QoS parameters between the remote UE / tethered device and the UE, thereby jointly meeting the transmission quality requirements between the remote UE / tethered device and the application server.

[0118] The method embodiment of the present application is described in detail above in conjunction with Figures 1 to 17 . The device embodiment of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 18 to 20 . It should be understood that the description of the method embodiment corresponds to the description of the device embodiment. Therefore, for portions not described in detail, reference can be made to the above method embodiment.

[0119] Figure 18 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1800 shown in Figure 18 can be the first device mentioned above. The communication device 1800 includes a first communication module 1810. The first communication module 1810 is used to send a first message to the second device, and the first message includes a first QoS parameter, and the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the first communication link; wherein the first communication link is a direct communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a non-3GPP device.

[0120] In some implementations, the first device is the first terminal device, the second device is the second terminal device, and the first communication link is the direct communication link.

[0121] In some implementations, the first message is a direct communication request message, a direct security mode completion message, or a link modification request message.

[0122] In some implementations, the communication device 1800 further includes: a second communication module, configured to receive a second message sent by the second device after sending a first message to the second device, wherein the second message includes a second QoS parameter acceptable to the second device, and the second QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the direct communication link.

[0123] In some implementations, the second message is a direct communication accept message or a link modification accept message.

[0124] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter is a QoS parameter of a first QoS flow, and the first message further includes identification information of the first QoS flow.

[0125] In some implementations, the first device is a first core network element, and the second device is the first terminal device.

[0126] In some implementations, the communication device 1800 also includes: a third communication module, used to receive the first QoS parameter and / or third QoS parameter from a second core network element, the third QoS parameter being used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a second communication link, and the second communication link being the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

[0127] In some implementations, the first device is a second core network element, and the second device is a first core network element.

[0128] In some implementations, the communication device 1800 also includes: a fourth communication module, used to receive a third message, the third message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter, the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, the third communication link includes the first communication link and a second communication link, the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the user plane function UPF.

[0129] In some implementations, the third message also includes information about the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

[0130] In some implementations, the information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device includes one or more of the following: identification information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device; first indication information, used to indicate that the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

[0131] In some implementations, the communication device 1800 further includes: a fifth communication module, configured to determine the first QoS parameter and / or a third QoS parameter based on the fourth QoS parameter, wherein the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link.

[0132] In some implementations, the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested by the first terminal device or application function AF.

[0133] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter is determined based on a third QoS parameter and / or a fourth QoS parameter, the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link, and the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the third communication link. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0134] In some implementations, the first device is the first terminal device, and the second device is a first core network element or a second core network element.

[0135] In some implementations, the communication device 1800 further includes: a sixth communication module, configured to negotiate with the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device to determine the first QoS parameter before sending the first message to the second device.

[0136] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter is used to determine a third QoS parameter, and the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a second communication link, where the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

[0137] In some implementations, the first core network element is an SMF.

[0138] In some implementations, the second core network element is a PCF.

[0139] In some implementations, the set of data units is a set of PDUs.

[0140] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter includes PSDB and / or PSER.

[0141] Figure 19 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1900 shown in Figure 19 can be the second device mentioned above. The communication device 1900 includes a first communication module 1910. The first communication module 1910 is used to receive a first message sent by a first device, the first message including a first QoS parameter, and the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein the first communication link is a direct communication link between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between a first terminal device and a non-3GPP device.

[0142] In some implementations, the first device is the first terminal device, the second device is the second terminal device, and the first communication link is the direct communication link.

[0143] In some implementations, the first message is a direct communication request message, a direct security mode completion message, or a link modification request message.

[0144] In some implementations, the communication device 1900 further includes: a second communication module, configured to send a second message to the first device after receiving a first message sent by the first device, wherein the second message includes a second QoS parameter acceptable to the second device, and the second QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the direct communication link.

[0145] In some implementations, the second message is a direct communication accept message or a link modification accept message.

[0146] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter is a QoS parameter of a first QoS flow, and the first message further includes identification information of the first QoS flow.

[0147] In some implementations, the first device is a first core network element, and the second device is the first terminal device.

[0148] In some implementations, the communication device 1900 further includes: a third communication module, configured to control transmission of a set of data units on the first communication link according to the first QoS parameter.

[0149] In some implementations, the communication device 1900 also includes: a fourth communication module, used to send a third message to the first core network network element or the second core network element before receiving the first message sent by the first device, the third message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter, and the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the third communication link, the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link, and the second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

[0150] In some implementations, the first device is a second core network element, and the second device is a first core network element.

[0151] In some implementations, the communication device 1900 further includes: a fifth communication module, configured to send a fourth message to the first terminal device, wherein the fourth message includes the first QoS parameter.

[0152] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter is determined based on a third QoS parameter and / or a fourth QoS parameter, the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link, and the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the third communication link. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0153] In some implementations, the first device is the first terminal device, and the second device is a first core network element or a second core network element.

[0154] In some implementations, the communication device 1900 also includes: a sixth communication module, used to receive a fifth message, the fifth message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter, the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, the third communication link includes the first communication link and a second communication link, the second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

[0155] In some implementations, the fifth message also includes information about the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

[0156] In some implementations, the information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device includes one or more of the following: identification information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device; first indication information, used to indicate that the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

[0157] In some implementations, the communication device 1900 further includes: a seventh communication module, configured to determine a third QoS parameter based on the first QoS parameter and the fourth QoS parameter, wherein the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link.

[0158] In some implementations, the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested by the first terminal device or application function AF.

[0159] In some implementations, the first core network element is an SMF.

[0160] In some implementations, the second core network element is a PCF.

[0161] In some implementations, the set of data units is a set of PDUs.

[0162] In some implementations, the first QoS parameter includes PSDB and / or PSER.

[0163] Figure 20 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device to which embodiments of the present application may be applied. Dashed lines in Figure 20 indicate that the unit or module is optional. Device 2000 may be used to implement the method described in the above method embodiment. Device 2000 may be a chip, a terminal device, or a network device.

[0164] The device 2000 may include one or more processors 2010. The processor 2010 may support the device 2000 to implement the method described in the method embodiment above. The processor 2010 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor. For example, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor may be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.

[0165] The apparatus 2000 may further include one or more memories 2020. The memories 2020 may store programs that can be executed by the processor 2010, causing the processor 2010 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. The memories 2020 may be independent of the processor 2010 or integrated into the processor 2010.

[0166] The apparatus 2000 may further include a transceiver 2030. The processor 2010 may communicate with other devices or chips via the transceiver 2030. For example, the processor 2010 may transmit and receive data with other devices or chips via the transceiver 2030.

[0167] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a program. The computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the first device or the second device provided in the present application, and the program causes a computer to execute the method performed by the first device or the second device in each embodiment of the present application.

[0168] The present application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a program. The computer program product can be applied to the first device or the second device provided in the present application, and the program causes a computer to execute the method performed by the first device or the second device in each embodiment of the present application.

[0169] The present application also provides a computer program that can be applied to the first device or the second device provided in the present application, and enables a computer to execute the method performed by the first device or the second device in each embodiment of the present application.

[0170] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" in this application can be used interchangeably. In addition, the terms used in this application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0171] In the embodiments of this application, the term "indication" may refer to a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association. For example, "A indicates B" may refer to a direct indication of B, e.g., B can obtain information through A; it may refer to an indirect indication of B, e.g., A indicates C, e.g., B can obtain information through C; or it may refer to an association between A and B.

[0172] In the embodiment of the present application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A and B can be determined based on A. However, it should be understood that determining B based on A does not mean determining B based solely on A, but B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0173] In the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or an association relationship between the two, or a relationship between indication and indication, configuration and configuration, etc.

[0174] In the embodiments of the present application, "pre-definition" or "pre-configuration" may be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in a device (e.g., a terminal device and a network device). The present application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, pre-definition may refer to information defined in a protocol.

[0175] In the embodiments of the present application, the “protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the communications field, for example, it may include an LTE protocol, an NR protocol, and related protocols used in future communication systems, and the present application does not limit this.

[0176] In the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0177] In various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0178] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0179] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0180] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0181] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be read by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated therein. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a digital versatile disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (eg, a solid state disk (SSD)).

[0182] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, characterized in that, it includes: A first device sends a first message to a second device, the first message includes a first Quality of Service (QoS) parameter, and the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein, the first communication link is a direct communication link between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between a first terminal device and a non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first device is the first terminal device, the second device is the second terminal device, and the first communication link is the direct communication link.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the first message is a direct communication request message, a direct security mode completion message, or a link modification request message.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, after the first device sends the first message to the second device, the method further includes: the first device receives a second message sent by the second device, the second message includes a second QoS parameter acceptable to the second device, and the second QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the direct communication link.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, the second message is a direct communication acceptance message or a link modification acceptance message.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, the first QoS parameter is the QoS parameter of a first QoS flow, and the first message further includes identification information of the first QoS flow.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first device is a first core network element, and the second device is the first terminal device.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, the method further includes: the first device receives the first QoS parameter and / or a third QoS parameter from a second core network element, the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a User Plane Function (UPF).

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first device is a second core network element, and the second device is a first core network element.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, the method further includes: the first device receives a third message, the third message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter, the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, the third message further includes information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, the information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device includes one or more of the following: the identification information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device; the first indication information for indicating that the fourth QoS parameter is the QoS parameter requested for the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein, the method further includes: the first device determines the first QoS parameter and / or the third QoS parameter according to the fourth QoS parameter, and the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of the data unit set on the second communication link.

14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein, the fourth QoS parameter is the QoS parameter requested for the first terminal device or the application function AF.

15. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein, the first QoS parameter is determined based on the third QoS parameter and / or the fourth QoS parameter. The third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of the data unit set on the second communication link, and the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of the data unit set on the third communication link. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the first device is the first terminal device, and the second device is the first core network element or the second core network element.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, before the first device sends the first message to the second device, the method further includes: the first device negotiates with the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device to determine the first QoS parameter.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein, the first QoS parameter is used to determine the third QoS parameter, and the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of the data unit set on the second communication link. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

19. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 18, wherein, the first core network element is the session management function SMF.

20. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 18, wherein, the second core network element is the policy control function PCF.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, the data unit set is the protocol data unit PDU set.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein, the first QoS parameter includes the PDU set delay budget PSDB and / or the PDU set error rate PSER.

23. A wireless communication method, wherein, including: The second device receives a first message sent by the first device, where the first message includes first Quality of Service (QoS) parameters for controlling the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link. Wherein, the first communication link is a direct communication link between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between a first terminal device and a non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) device.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the first device is the first terminal device, the second device is the second terminal device, and the first communication link is the direct communication link.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the first message is a direct communication request message, a direct security mode complete message, or a link modification request message.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that after the second device receives the first message sent by the first device, the method further includes: the second device sends a second message to the first device, where the second message includes second QoS parameters acceptable to the second device for controlling the transmission of a set of data units on the direct communication link.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the second message is a direct communication acceptance message or a link modification acceptance message.

28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that the first QoS parameters are QoS parameters of a first QoS flow, and the first message further includes identification information of the first QoS flow.

29. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the first device is a first core network element, and the second device is the first terminal device.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that the method further includes: the second device controls the transmission of a set of data units on the first communication link according to the first QoS parameters.

31. The method according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that before the second device receives the first message sent by the first device, the method further includes: the second device sends a third message to the first core network element or a second core network element, where the third message is used to request fourth QoS parameters for controlling the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and a second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a User Plane Function (UPF).

32. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the first device is a second core network element, and the second device is a first core network element.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that the method further includes: the second device sends a fourth message to the first terminal device, where the fourth message includes the first QoS parameters.

34. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 33, characterized in that, the first QoS parameter is determined based on a third QoS parameter and / or a fourth QoS parameter, the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a second communication link, the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link.

35. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that, the first device is the first terminal device, and the second device is a first core network element or a second core network element.

36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that, the method further includes: the second device receives a fifth message, the fifth message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter, the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, the third communication link includes the first communication link and a second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that, the fifth message further includes information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that, the information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device includes one or more of the following: identification information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device; first indication information, which is used to indicate that the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

39. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 38, characterized in that, the method further includes: the second device determines a third QoS parameter according to the first QoS parameter and the fourth QoS parameter, and the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link.

40. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that, the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the first terminal device or the application function AF.

41. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 40, characterized in that, the first core network element is a session management function SMF.

42. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 33 or 35 to 40, characterized in that, the second core network element is a policy control function PCF.

43. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 42, characterized in that, the set of data units is a set of protocol data units PDU.

44. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 43, characterized in that, the first QoS parameter includes a PDU set delay budget PSDB and / or a PDU set error rate PSER.

45. A communication device, It is characterized in that the communication device is a first device, and the communication device includes: a first communication module, configured to send a first message to a second device, the first message including a first Quality of Service (QoS) parameter, and the first QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein, the first communication link is a direct communication link between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between a first terminal device and a non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) device.

46. The communication device according to claim 45, It is characterized in that the first device is the first terminal device, the second device is the second terminal device, and the first communication link is the direct communication link.

47. The communication device according to claim 46, It is characterized in that the first message is a direct communication request message, a direct security mode complete message, or a link modification request message.

48. The communication device according to claim 46 or 47, It is characterized in that the communication device further includes: a second communication module, configured to receive a second message sent by the second device after sending the first message to the second device, the second message including a second QoS parameter acceptable to the second device, and the second QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the direct communication link.

49. The communication device according to claim 48, It is characterized in that the second message is a direct communication acceptance message or a link modification acceptance message.

50. The communication device according to any one of claims 46 to 49, It is characterized in that the first QoS parameter is the QoS parameter of a first QoS flow, and the first message further includes identification information of the first QoS flow.

51. The communication device according to claim 45, It is characterized in that the first device is a first core network element, and the second device is the first terminal device.

52. The communication device according to claim 51, It is characterized in that the communication device further includes: a third communication module, configured to receive the first QoS parameter and / or a third QoS parameter from a second core network element, the third QoS parameter being used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a User Plane Function (UPF).

53. The communication device according to claim 45, It is characterized in that the first device is a second core network element, and the second device is a first core network element.

54. The communication device according to claim 53, It is characterized in that the communication device further includes: a fourth communication module, configured to receive a third message, the third message being used to request a fourth QoS parameter, the fourth QoS parameter being used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

55. The communication device according to claim 54, wherein, the third message further includes information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

56. The communication device according to claim 55, wherein, the information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device includes one or more of the following: identification information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device; first indication information for indicating that the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

57. The communication device according to any one of claims 54 to 56, wherein, the communication device further includes: a fifth communication module, configured to determine the first QoS parameter and / or the third QoS parameter according to the fourth QoS parameter, where the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link.

58. The communication device according to any one of claims 54 to 57, wherein, the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the first terminal device or the application function AF.

59. The communication device according to any one of claims 53 to 58, wherein, the first QoS parameter is determined based on the third QoS parameter and / or the fourth QoS parameter, the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link, the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the third communication link, the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link.

60. The communication device according to claim 45, wherein, the first device is the first terminal device, and the second device is a first core network element or a second core network element.

61. The communication device according to claim 60, wherein, the communication device further includes: a sixth communication module, configured to negotiate and determine the first QoS parameter with the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device before sending a first message to the second device.

62. The communication device according to claim 60 or 61, wherein, the first QoS parameter is used to determine the third QoS parameter, and the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

63. The communication device according to any one of claims 51 to 62, wherein, the first core network element is a session management function SMF.

64. The communication device according to any one of claims 52 to 62, wherein, the second core network element is a policy control function PCF.

65. The communication device according to any one of claims 45 to 64, wherein, the set of data units is a set of protocol data units PDU.

66. The communication device according to any one of claims 45 to 65, characterized in that, the first QoS parameter includes a Packet Delay Budget for a set of PDUs (PSDB) and / or a Packet Error Rate for a set of PDUs (PSER).

67. A communication device, characterized in that, the communication device is a second device, and the communication device includes: a first communication module, configured to receive a first message sent by a first device, the first message including a first Quality of Service (QoS) parameter, the first QoS parameter being used to control the transmission of a set of data units on a first communication link; wherein, the first communication link is a direct communication link between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; or, the first communication link is a communication link between a first terminal device and a non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) device.

68. The communication device according to claim 67, characterized in that, the first device is the first terminal device, the second device is the second terminal device, and the first communication link is the direct communication link.

69. The communication device according to claim 68, characterized in that, the first message is a direct communication request message, a direct security mode complete message, or a link modification request message.

70. The communication device according to claim 68 or 69, characterized in that, the communication device further includes: a second communication module, configured to, after receiving the first message sent by the first device, send a second message to the first device, the second message including a second QoS parameter acceptable to the second device, the second QoS parameter being used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the direct communication link.

71. The communication device according to claim 70, characterized in that, the second message is a direct communication acceptance message or a link modification acceptance message.

72. The communication device according to any one of claims 68 to 71, characterized in that, the first QoS parameter is the QoS parameter of a first QoS flow, and the first message further includes identification information of the first QoS flow.

73. The communication device according to claim 67, characterized in that, the first device is a first core network element, and the second device is the first terminal device.

74. The communication device according to claim 73, characterized in that, the communication device further includes: a third communication module, configured to control the transmission of a set of data units on the first communication link according to the first QoS parameter control.

75. The communication device according to claim 73 or 74, characterized in that, the communication device further includes: A fourth communication module, configured to send a third message to the first core network element or the second core network element before receiving a first message sent by a first device, where the third message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter for controlling the transmission of a set of data units on a third communication link, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and a user plane function (UPF).

76. The communication device according to claim 67, wherein, the first device is the second core network element, and the second device is the first core network element.

77. The communication device according to claim 76, wherein, the communication device further includes: a fifth communication module, configured to send a fourth message to the first terminal device, where the fourth message includes the first QoS parameter.

78. The communication device according to any one of claims 73 to 77, wherein, the first QoS parameter is determined based on a third QoS parameter and / or a fourth QoS parameter, the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link, the fourth QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the third communication link, the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link.

79. The communication device according to claim 67, wherein, the first device is the first terminal device, and the second device is the first core network element or the second core network element.

80. The communication device according to claim 79, wherein, the communication device further includes: a sixth communication module, configured to receive a fifth message, where the fifth message is used to request a fourth QoS parameter for controlling the transmission of a set of data units on the third communication link, and the third communication link includes the first communication link and the second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the UPF.

81. The communication device according to claim 80, wherein, the fifth message further includes information about the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

82. The communication device according to claim 81, wherein, the information about the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device includes one or more of the following: identification information of the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device; first indication information for indicating that the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested for the second terminal device or the non-3GPP device.

83. The communication device according to any one of claims 80 to 82, wherein, the communication device further includes: A seventh communication module, configured to determine a third QoS parameter according to the first QoS parameter and the fourth QoS parameter, where the third QoS parameter is used to control the transmission of a set of data units on the second communication link.

84. The communication device according to any one of claims 80 to 83, wherein, the fourth QoS parameter is a QoS parameter requested by the first terminal device or the application function AF.

85. The communication device according to any one of claims 73 to 84, wherein, the first core network element is a session management function SMF.

86. The communication device according to any one of claims 76 to 77 or 79 to 84, wherein, the second core network element is a policy control function PCF.

87. The communication device according to any one of claims 67 to 86, wherein, the set of data units is a set of protocol data units PDU.

88. The communication device according to any one of claims 67 to 87, wherein, the first QoS parameter includes a PDU set delay budget PSDB and / or a PDU set error rate PSER.

89. A communication device, wherein, it includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory is used to store programs, and the processor is used to call the programs in the memory and control the transceiver to receive or send signals, so that the communication device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 23 to 44.

90. A device, wherein, it includes a processor, configured to call a program from a memory, so that the device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 23 to 44.

91. A chip, wherein, it includes a processor, configured to call a program from a memory, such that a device installed with the chip executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 23 to 44.

92. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, a program is stored thereon, and the program causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 23 to 44.

93. A computer program product, wherein, it includes a program, and the program causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 23 to 44.

94. A computer program, wherein, the computer program causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 23 to 44.

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