Wearable device

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of electronic devices. Disclosed is a wearable device. The present application aims to improve the radiation efficiency of an antenna of the wearable device. A specific solution is as follows: the wearable device comprises a display screen, a rear housing, a frame and a first antenna. A first electrically conductive portion of the frame serves as a first radiator of the first antenna; the frame is spaced apart from a second radiator of the first antenna; the second radiator is located on the side of the frame facing the rear housing; and at least part of a vertical projection of the second radiator on a reference surface is located outside a vertical projection of the electrically conductive portion of the frame on the reference surface, and the reference surface is parallel to the direction of thickness of the display screen. In the wearable device of the present application, the electric field intensity in an internal area enclosed by means of the frame is relatively low, such that the loss power of the first antenna in the internal area is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the first antenna is thus improved.

Description

A wearable device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on December 14, 2023, with application number 202311724909.7 and application name “A Wearable Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic equipment, and in particular to a wearable device. Background Art

[0003] With the development of mobile communication technology, the application of wearable devices, such as smart bracelets, headphones, and smart watches, has become increasingly widespread. Among them, the important application of wearable devices is inseparable from the communication function, which requires an antenna to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals. Currently, the antennas of wearable devices are affected by the conductive parts (e.g., components) within the device and have large energy losses. This energy loss reduces the communication performance of the antenna. Therefore, the communication function of wearable devices needs to be improved.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present application provides a wearable device, aiming to improve the radiation efficiency of an antenna of the wearable device.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a wearable device. The wearable device includes a display, a back cover, a frame, a base, and a first antenna. The frame is circumferentially connected between the back cover and the display; the frame includes a first conductive portion. The first antenna includes a first radiator, a second radiator, and a first feeder. The first conductive portion serves as the first radiator; the first feeder is used to feed power to the first radiator or the second radiator; the second radiator is electrically connected to the first radiator or the base; and the maximum width of the second radiator is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. The frame is spaced apart from the second radiator. The second radiator is located on the side of the frame facing the back cover in the thickness direction of the display. A first gap is defined between the first conductive portion and the second radiator. At least a portion of the second radiator's vertical projection on a first reference plane is located outside the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame on the first reference plane. The first reference plane is parallel to the thickness direction of the display. Thus, the second radiator can disperse current flowing through the first radiator. Compared to an example without a second radiator, when the wearable device is worn on a user's wearing area, the electric field between the wearing area and the second radiator increases, and the power loss of the first antenna to the wearing area increases. The current intensity in the internal area enclosed by the frame decreases. Furthermore, because components such as the printed circuit board within the internal area enclosed by the frame include conductive material, the power loss of the conductive material within this area to the first antenna is reduced. Furthermore, because the increase in power loss to the first antenna from the wearing area is less than the decrease in power loss to the first antenna from the conductor within this area, the power loss of the first antenna is reduced, and radiation efficiency is improved.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, when the wearable device is worn on a user's wearing area, the second radiator is at least partially located between the wearing area and the second radiator. Thus, the provision of the second radiator can reduce the electric field within the frame, thereby reducing the power loss of the first antenna caused by the conductive material within the frame, and improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the material of the rear shell is a non-conductive material.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the vertical projection of the second radiator on the first reference plane and the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame on the first surface do not intersect. In this way, the provision of the second radiator can further reduce the electric field strength within the interior region enclosed by the frame, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the second radiator is bonded to the surface of the back shell facing the frame; alternatively, the second radiator is bonded to the surface of the back shell facing away from the frame; alternatively, the second radiator is embedded within the back shell. In this manner, the back shell supports the second radiator. In embodiments where the second radiator is a conductive film, the second radiator is bonded to the surface of the back shell facing the frame. The provision of the second radiator has minimal impact on the overall volume of the wearable device, resulting in a higher level of integration for the wearable device.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some practicable embodiments, the second radiator is electrically connected to a high-current point of the first radiator. This can enhance the second radiator's ability to disperse the current flowing through the first radiator, thereby increasing the degree of reduction in electric field intensity within the interior region enclosed by the frame and improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the second radiator is electrically connected to a connection point on the first radiator, and the radiator length between the connection point and at least one grounding point of the first radiator is less than or equal to 30 mm. The point of maximum current generated by the first antenna in the operating frequency band is within an area where the distance between the first radiator's grounding point is less than or equal to 30 mm. The connection point between the second radiator and the first radiator is at or near the aforementioned point of maximum current, and the current shunted from the first radiator to the second radiator is relatively large, which can enhance the second radiator's effect on dispersing the current on the first radiator. This increases the degree of reduction in electric field strength within the interior area enclosed by the frame, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the first antenna further includes a first electrical connector. Opposite ends of the first electrical connector are electrically connected to the first radiator and the second radiator, respectively. Alternatively, opposite ends of the first electrical connector are electrically connected to the floor and the second radiator, respectively. In this manner, the provision of the first electrical connector enables the second radiator to be electrically connected to the first radiator or the floor of the wearable device.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the first electrical connector has a dimension of less than or equal to 5 mm in any direction perpendicular to the thickness of the display screen. This allows current between the first radiator and the second radiator to be conducted via the smaller first electrical connector. The second radiator disperses current flowing from the first antenna to the first radiator, thereby weakening the electric field strength within the area enclosed by the frame and improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the first antenna includes a plurality of first electrical connectors, the plurality of first electrical connectors being spaced apart, with the distance between two adjacent first electrical connectors being greater than or equal to 5 mm. As a result, the distance between adjacent first electrical connectors is relatively large, and each first electrical connector can disperse the current on the first radiator. The second radiator is more capable of reducing the electric field strength within the region enclosed by the frame, and the second radiator significantly improves the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in some practicable manners, the second radiator is a conductive coating. The conductive coating has the advantage of occupying a small space.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable manners, the second radiator is a closed-loop structure. Alternatively, the second radiator is an open-loop structure.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the maximum width of the closed-loop structure is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. Alternatively, the maximum width of the open-loop structure is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. As a result, the width of the loop structure is relatively wide, and the second radiator is more capable of reducing the electric field intensity within the region enclosed by the frame, significantly improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the second radiator is a strip-shaped structure, and at least one of two opposite ends of the strip-shaped structure is a free end.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, a plurality of through holes are provided on the second radiator.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the vertical projection of the second radiator on a second reference plane at least partially overlaps with the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame on the second reference plane, and the second reference plane is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the display screen. Then, at least part of the outer contour of the second radiator extends to one side of the frame. When the wearable device is worn on a wearing part of the user, the wearing part, at least part of the outer contour of the aforementioned second radiator, and the conductive portion of the frame are spaced apart along the z-direction. The provision of the second radiator promotes further weakening of the electric field of the first antenna within the range enclosed by the frame, thereby reducing the electric field of the first antenna in the area enclosed by the frame and improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the wearable device further includes a second antenna. The second antenna includes a third radiator and a second feeder. The frame includes a second conductive portion, the second conductive portion serving as the third radiator, and the second feeder is configured to feed power to the third radiator. The wearable device may have a multi-antenna structure.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the second antenna further includes a second electrical connector, opposite ends of which are electrically connected to the third radiator and the second radiator, respectively. The second radiator can improve the radiation efficiency of the second antenna.

[0025] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the second antenna further includes a fourth radiator, which is electrically connected to the third radiator or the floor of the wearable device. The frame and the fourth radiator are spaced apart, and the fourth radiator is located on the side of the frame facing the rear housing in the thickness direction of the display screen. A second gap is defined between the second conductive portion and the fourth radiator, and at least a portion of the vertical projection of the fourth radiator on the first reference plane is located outside the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame on the first reference plane. Thus, the fourth radiator can weaken the electric field within the area enclosed by the frame, reduce the power lost by the conductor within the area of ​​the second antenna enclosed by the frame, and improve the radiation efficiency of the second antenna.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, a dimension of the first gap along the thickness direction of the display screen is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 15 mm.

[0027] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, a dimension of the second gap along the thickness direction of the display screen is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 15 mm.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the wearable device further includes a charging coil. The charging coil is connected to a side of the rear housing facing the frame, and the second radiator is electrically isolated from the charging coil. Thus, the wearable device can have a charging function.

[0029] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a wearable device. The wearable device includes a display screen, a back shell, a frame, and a first antenna. The frame is located between the back shell and the display screen, and the two opposite sides of the frame are circumferentially connected to the back shell and the display screen respectively; the frame includes a first conductive part. The first antenna includes a first radiator and a first feeding part, and the first conductive part serves as the first radiator; the first feeding part is used to feed the first radiator. The back shell is made of a conductive material, and an annular gap is provided on the back shell, and the annular gap passes through the back shell along the thickness direction of the display screen. Therefore, the annular gap provided on the back shell can also weaken the electric field of the first antenna in the area enclosed by the frame, reduce the energy loss in the area enclosed by the frame, and improve the radiation efficiency of the first antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wearable device.

[0031] FIG2 a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wearable device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG2 b is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the wearable device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the frame and the second radiator provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame and a second radiator provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the shapes of various second radiators provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG7 is a simplified structural diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of another second antenna and a first antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of another frame and rear shell provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] FIG. 10 is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the first antenna in FIG. 2 b .

[0041] FIG. 11 a is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the first antenna in FIG. 5 .

[0042] FIG. 11 b is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the second antenna in FIG. 5 .

[0043] FIG. 12 is a graph showing the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna in FIG. 5 .

[0044] In the figure: 100-wearable device; 11-wearing part; 13-cover; 14-button; 15-sensor; 110-display; 120-frame; 130-back cover; 140-printed circuit board; 200-first antenna; 201-floor; 210-first radiator; 220-second radiator; 230-first feeding part; 202-first gap; 203-first electrical connection; 170-charging coil; 211-first grounding point; 212-second grounding point; 221-first electrical connection point; 300-second antenna; 310-third radiator; 320-second feeding part; 330-fourth radiator; 301-second electrical connection; 123-non-conductive part; 131-annular gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0047] In addition, in this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly according to changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.

[0048] The technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application is applicable to UE103 that adopts one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, global positioning system (GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology and other future communication technologies.

[0049] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

[0050] Connection / connected: can refer to a mechanical connection relationship or a physical connection relationship, that is, A and B are connected or A and B are connected, which can mean that there is a fastening component (such as a screw, bolt, rivet, etc.) between A and B, or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to separate.

[0051] Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection", which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless / non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gap between two conductive parts.

[0052] Opposite / oppositely arranged: A and B are arranged opposite to each other, which may mean that A and B are arranged face-to-face. For example, when two radiators are arranged opposite each other, at least a portion of the radiators overlap along a certain direction. In one embodiment, the two oppositely arranged radiators are adjacent to each other, with no other radiators or conductive objects other than antenna structures positioned between them.

[0053] Radiator, or antenna branch: is a device in the antenna used to receive / send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, "antenna" is understood in a narrow sense as a radiator, which converts the guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and is converted by the radiator into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy and transmits it to the receiver input via the feeder line.

[0054] The radiator (or antenna branch) may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a linear or sheet-like shape, etc. The present application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be simply referred to as a linear antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a conductive frame, and can also be called a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a bracket conductor, and can also be called a bracket antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator, or the radiator of the linear antenna, has a wire diameter (for example, including thickness and width) much smaller than the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length can be comparable to the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, the length is about 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of linear antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave oscillator antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding portion from the feeding end of the radiating branch. For example, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) can be regarded as a monopole antenna with a ground path added. The IFA antenna has a feeding point and a grounding point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is an inverted-F shape. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna, or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (also known as a PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (such as a conductive sheet or a conductive coating, etc.). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as a silver paste, etc. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, annular, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a floor, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiator and the floor.

[0055] The radiator (or antenna branch) may also include a slot or slot formed in a conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slot formed in a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slotted radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or slot antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including the width) of the slot or slot of the slot antenna / slot antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length dimension is comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or slot may be referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slot (e.g., a closed slot or slot with an additional opening) may be referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is elongated. In some embodiments, the slot is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot is approximately an integer multiple of the wavelength (e.g., one wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed with a transmission line spanning one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a conductive frame with both ends grounded, also known as a frame antenna. In this embodiment, the slot antenna or slot antenna can be considered to include a linear radiator spaced from the floor and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-enclosed slot or slot. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a bracket conductor with both ends grounded, also known as a bracket antenna.

[0056] Ground / Floor: This generally refers to at least a portion of any ground layer, ground plate, or ground metal layer within an electronic device (such as a wristband), or at least a portion of any combination of any of the above ground layers, ground plates, or grounding components. "Ground / Floor" can be used to ground components within the electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground / floor" can include any one or more of the following: the ground layer of the electronic device's circuit board, the ground plate formed by the electronic device's midframe, the ground metal layer formed by the metal film below the screen, the battery's conductive ground layer, and conductive or metal parts electrically connected to the above ground layer / ground plate / metal layer. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board, such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically isolated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymer. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and ground layer electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as a display, touch screen, input buttons, transmitter, processor, memory, battery, charging circuit, and system-on-chip (SoC) structures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board, or electrically connected to a trace layer and / or ground layer in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source can be located on a trace layer.

[0057] Any of the above-mentioned grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of a conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the grounding layer / grounding plate / grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

[0058] Grounding refers to coupling to the ground / floor via a grounding structure and / or grounding circuit. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as achieving physical grounding (or physical ground) at a specific location on the frame of a printed circuit board through a structural component. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as grounding a device such as a capacitor, inductor, or resistor connected in series or in parallel (or device ground).

[0059] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The resonant frequency can be a frequency range in which the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB. The strongest resonance point can be called the resonance point, and the frequency corresponding to the resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the antenna / radiator mentioned in this application produces a "first / second... resonance", where the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to the specific design, and each antenna mode can generate a corresponding fundamental mode resonance.

[0060] Resonant frequency band: The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band, and the return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -4dB.

[0061] Communication frequency band / operating frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band has an operating frequency band of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the B40 frequency band.

[0062] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band may be the same, or may partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may overlap one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0063] The limitations such as parallel, perpendicular, and identical (for example, identical length, identical width, identical structure, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all based on the current state of the art, rather than being absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense. A predetermined angle (for example, ±5°, ±10°) may exist between two antenna elements that are parallel or perpendicular to each other. In one embodiment, the predetermined angle may be an angle within a range of ±10°, for example, a predetermined angle deviation of ±5°.

[0064] Radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by an antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. Active power input to the antenna = antenna input power - power loss. Power loss primarily includes return loss and metal ohmic loss and / or dielectric loss. Both metal loss and dielectric loss affect radiation efficiency.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, which has a corresponding conversion relationship with dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0066] dB: Decibel, a logarithmic scale with a base of ten. The decibel scale is used only to measure the proportional relationship between one physical quantity and another; it itself has no physical dimension. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, the difference between them is expressed as 10 decibels. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, and D = 1. Then, A / D = 20dB; B / D = 10dB; C / D = 7dB; and B / C = 3dB. In other words, a 10dB difference between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a 20dB difference is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A 3dB difference is a 2-fold difference.

[0067] dBi: Often mentioned together with dBd. dBi and dBd are units of power gain. Both are relative values, but they are referenced to different parameters. The reference for dBi is an omnidirectional antenna; the reference for dBd is a dipole. It is generally believed that dBi and dBd represent the same gain, with the value expressed in dBi being 2.15 dBi greater than the value expressed in dBd. For example, for an antenna with a gain of 16 dBd, its gain, when converted to dBi, is 18.15 dBi. Generally, the decimal places are ignored and the value is 18 dBi.

[0068] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port by the antenna circuit to the antenna port's transmitted power. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0069] Antenna return loss can be expressed using the S11 parameter, a type of S parameter. S11 represents the reflection coefficient and can characterize the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0070] In one embodiment, the S11 graph can be understood as a schematic diagram for representing the resonance generated by the antenna. In one embodiment, the portion of the S11 graph showing the resonance less than -4dB can be understood as the resonant frequency range generated by the antenna. The S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss and the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna and the higher the antenna system efficiency. The larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss and the lower the antenna system efficiency.

[0071] Isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna to the signal from the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of antenna mutual coupling. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between the two antennas is the S21 and S12 parameters between the antennas. Antenna isolation can be represented by the S21 and S12 parameters, which are also a type of S parameter. The S21 and S12 parameters are usually negative numbers. Smaller S21 and S12 parameters indicate greater isolation and less mutual coupling between antennas. Larger S21 and S12 parameters indicate less isolation and greater mutual coupling between antennas. Antenna isolation depends on the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between the antennas, and the antenna gain.

[0072] The near field communication (NFC) protocol operates on a radio frequency band of 13.56 MHz, enabling mobile communication devices to establish radio frequency communication by bringing the devices close to each other. The use of NFC in mobile devices is increasing in various mobile devices, such as cellular phones and accessories. NFC devices can be used in three modes: active mode for tag reading and pairing, passive mode for card emulation / payment, and end-to-end mode for sharing. Currently, due to their small size, wearable devices lack sufficient human input interfaces. The present invention provides NFC for wearable devices to implement functions such as electronic wallets, end-to-end (peer-to-peer, P2P) mode for information interaction, authentication and access control, and reader / writer mode for reading information. Wearable devices are closely related to human behavior, and aesthetics plays an important role in the design of wearable devices, such as the design of smart watches.

[0073] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wearable device 100. The wearable device 100 is a portable device that is worn directly on the user or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. The wearable device may include but is not limited to a watch, a bracelet, a smart wristband, smart glasses, a ring or a helmet, etc. Figure 1 describes the wearable device 100 as a bracelet as an example. In Figure 1, the wearable device 100 is in a state of being worn on the user's wearing part 11. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the user's wearing part 11. For example, the user's wearing part 11 can be an arm, an arm or a head, etc.

[0074] Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wearable device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The wearable device 100 may include: a display 110, a frame 120, and a back shell 130. The display 110 may be arranged in the frame 120, and the frame 120 surrounds the display 110 to fix the display 110. The display surface of the display 110 is located on the side away from the back shell 130. The back shell 130 is also called the rear cover, and the back shell 130 is located on the side of the frame 120 away from the display 110. The frame 120 is circumferentially connected between the display 110 and the back shell 130.

[0075] For ease of description, the thickness direction of the display screen 110 is defined as the z direction. In other words, the rear housing 130 and the display screen 110 are stacked along the z direction. It is understood that in the embodiment where the display screen 110 is a curved screen, the flat portion of the display screen 110 is perpendicular to the z direction.

[0076] The material of the frame 120 may include a conductive part, and the material of the conductive part includes a conductive material, and the conductive material includes, for example, a metal material. In some embodiments, the frame 120 may be all conductive parts, for example, forming the appearance of a metal frame, which is suitable for metal industrial design (ID). In other embodiments, the conductive part is located on the outer surface of the frame 120, thereby forming the appearance of a metal frame. In some further embodiments, the conductive part is located on the inner surface of the frame 120. In these implementations, the conductive part of the frame 120 can be used as an antenna radiator of the wearable device 100. It will be understood that the conductive part provided on the inner surface of the frame 120 is arranged in contact with the non-conductive material of the frame 120 to facilitate antenna radiation, and both the conductive material and the non-conductive material should be regarded as part of the frame 120.

[0077] The display screen 110 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), or a micro or mini light emitting diode (LED).

[0078] The present application does not limit the shape of the display screen 110. For example, the display screen 110 can be circular or rectangular. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the shape of the frame 120. The frame 120 can be circular, square, polygonal, or any other regular or irregular shape. For simplicity, the following embodiments are described using a circular frame 120 as an example.

[0079] FIG2 b is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the wearable device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG2 b , in some embodiments, in order to protect the display screen 110 , the wearable device 100 may further include a cover 13 covering the display surface of the display screen 110 .

[0080] It is understood that the outer shape of the cover plate 13 can match the outer shape of the display screen 110. For example, the outer contour of the cover plate 13 is circular. The cover plate 13 can be made of a transparent material, for example, the material of the cover plate 13 includes sapphire crystal, glass or plastic.

[0081] In some embodiments, the user can interact with the wearable device 100 through the cover plate 13 or the display screen. For example, the cover plate 13 or the display screen can receive the user's input operation and make corresponding output in response to the input operation. For example, the user can touch or press the position of the graphic on the display screen to select (or otherwise) open or edit the graphic.

[0082] In some embodiments, a receiving space is formed between the frame 120 and the display screen 110 , which can accommodate a combination of multiple electronic components to realize various functions of the wearable device 100 .

[0083] For example, the wearable device 100 further includes a button 14. The space between the frame 120 and the display screen 110 can accommodate a portion of the button 14, and the exposed portion of the button 14 is easily accessible to the user. As an input device, the button 14 allows the user to press, move, or tilt the button to perform input operations. For example, the button can be mounted on the side surface A of the frame 120, with one end of the button 14 located outside the frame 120 and the other end of the button passing through the frame 120 and located inside the frame 120.

[0084] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 further includes a sensor 15. When the wearable device 100 is worn on the user's wearing part, the sensor 15 is used to detect the user's health information. Health information includes, but is not limited to, information such as heart rate, body temperature, or blood pressure. Types of sensors include, but are not limited to, temperature sensors that can detect body temperature, vibration sensors or photoelectric sensors that can detect heart rate, or pressure sensors for detecting blood pressure. Exemplarily, the sensor 15 is connected to the back shell 130, and at least a portion of the sensor 15 is located on the side of the back shell 130 facing away from the display screen 110. When the wearable device 100 is worn on the user's wearing part, the sensor 15 faces the wearing part and the sensor 15 is in contact with the wearing part.

[0085] For example, the chip of the wearable device 100 can be connected to a sensor to convert the signal detected by the sensor into a corresponding health indicator. The chip can include one or more processing units, for example, an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a memory, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and / or a neural-network processing unit (NPU).

[0086] It is understandable that when the wearable device 100 is worn on the user's wearing part, the sensor 15 and the wearing part can be in contact at a preset time and in a non-contact state at a preset time. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0087] Exemplarily, the wearable device 100 further includes a printed circuit board 140. The printed circuit board 140 can be disposed between the rear housing 130 and the display screen 110. The printed circuit board 140 can be made of a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, a mixed Rogers and FR-4 dielectric board, and so on. FR-4 is a code for a grade of flame-resistant material, and a Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. The printed circuit board 140 carries electronic components, such as radio frequency chips.

[0088] In one embodiment, a conductive layer may be provided on the printed circuit board 140. This conductive layer may be used to ground the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board 140, and may also be used to ground other components, such as a bracket antenna, a frame antenna, etc. This metal layer may be referred to as a floor, a grounding plate, or a grounding layer. The wearable device 100 may also include a battery (not shown). The battery may be provided between the rear housing 130 and the display screen 110.

[0089] In some embodiments, the frame 120 of the wearable device 100 serves as the antenna's radiator. By providing a feed point on the frame 120, the antenna structure can generate radiation. Antenna power loss primarily includes return loss, metal ohmic loss, and dielectric loss. Improving antenna power loss is one way to improve antenna radiation efficiency.

[0090] The wearable device provided in the embodiment of the present application can reduce the dielectric loss power of the antenna to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0091] Returning to Figure 2b, the wearable device 100 further includes a first antenna 200, which includes a first radiator 210, a second radiator 220, and a first feeder 230. The second radiator 220 is spaced apart from the frame 120 and is located on the side of the frame 120 facing the rear housing 130 in the thickness direction (z direction) of the display screen 110.

[0092] The maximum width of the second radiator 220 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. The width of the second radiator 220 refers to the width of the continuous conductor on the second radiator 220 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the second radiator 220. If the second radiator 220 has holes (slits or insulators) in this direction, the width of the second radiator 220 refers to the width of the conductor between two adjacent holes (slits or insulators) in this direction.

[0093] The aforementioned second radiator 220 is located on the side of the frame 120 facing the rear housing 130 in the z-direction, and this does not necessarily mean that the projections of the second radiator 220 and the frame 120 in the z-direction overlap. Taking the orientation shown in FIG3 as an example, the second radiator 220 can be located below the frame 120, including being located directly below or diagonally below the frame 120.

[0094] In the example of FIG2b, the material of the rear shell 130 is a non-conductive material. 10 Ω·m (ohm·meter)~10 22 For example, the material of the rear case 130 includes at least one of plastic, ceramic, or glass.

[0095] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the first antenna 200. For example, the first antenna 200 can be a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) antenna (L1 band or L5 band), a BT (Bluetooth) antenna, a Cell (cellular) antenna, or a WiFi (wireless fidelity) antenna.

[0096] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the operating frequency band of the first antenna 200, and can be set according to the function of the first antenna 200. Exemplarily, the operating frequency band of the first antenna 200 is within the range of 0.6 GHz-6 GHz.

[0097] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG3 , the frame 120 includes a first conductive portion, which serves as a first radiator 210. The first feeding portion 230 is used to feed the first radiator 210 or the second radiator 220. The second radiator 220 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210 or the floor 201 of the wearable device 100. A first gap 202 is provided between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220. At least a portion of the vertical projection of the second radiator 220 on the first reference plane B (as shown in FIG4 ) is located outside the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the first reference plane B, and the first reference plane B is parallel to the z-direction.

[0098] The second radiator 220 is spaced apart from the frame 120 and is disposed on the side of the first radiator 210 that is closer to the rear case 130. Furthermore, because at least a portion of the vertical projection of the second radiator 220 on the first reference plane B (as shown in FIG. 4 ) is located outside the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the first reference plane B, when the wearable device 100 is worn on the user's wearing part 11 (as shown in FIG. 1 ), the second radiator 220 is at least partially located between the wearing part and the second radiator 220. In other words, along the z-direction, the first radiator 210 is at least partially located between the wearing part and the second radiator 220.

[0099] The second radiator 220 can disperse the current flowing through the first radiator 210. Compared to an example without the second radiator 220, when the wearable device 100 is worn on a user's wearing area, the electric field between the wearing area and the second radiator 220 increases, and the power loss from the wearing area to the first antenna 200 increases. The current intensity in the internal area enclosed by the frame 120 decreases. Furthermore, because components such as the printed circuit board 140 within the internal area enclosed by the frame 120 include conductive material, the power loss from the conductive material within this area to the first antenna 200 is reduced. Furthermore, because the increase in power loss from the wearing area to the first antenna 200 is less than the decrease in power loss from the conductor within this area, the power loss of the first antenna 200 is reduced, improving radiation efficiency.

[0100] The inner region enclosed by the frame 120 is the region enclosed by the inner wall of the frame 120. It is understandable that the display screen 110 and the printed circuit board 140 and other components are all located in the inner region enclosed by the frame 120.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first power feeder 230 is used to feed power to the second radiator 220. For example, a radio frequency signal from a communication chip (e.g., a radio frequency chip) is fed into the second radiator 220 via the first power feeder 230. The type of communication chip can be set based on the type of the first antenna 200. For example, the communication chip can include a GNSS chip, a BT chip, a Cell chip, or a WiFi chip.

[0102] In some other embodiments, the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to the floor 201 .

[0103] It should be understood that the second radiator 220 is different from the charging coil of the wearable device 100 and is also different from the near field communication (NFC) coil. In one embodiment, the second radiator 220 is not electrically connected to the power management chip or the NFC chip.

[0104] At least a portion of the second radiator 220 is suspended on a side of the first radiator 210 close to the rear shell 130, where "suspended" means that it is not closely arranged or connected to other electrical conductors or magnetic conductors, where the electrical conductors include the conductive parts of the middle frame, the conductive devices of the PCB, etc., and the magnetic conductors include ferrites, nanocrystals, etc.

[0105] In the example of FIG3 , the entire frame 120 is made of a conductive material, for example, a metal material. Thus, the entire frame 120 is the conductive portion of the frame 120 . The first conductive portion serves as the first radiator 210 . In the example of FIG3 , the entire frame 120 serves as the first radiator 210 of the first antenna 200 . In other embodiments, the frame 120 includes connected conductive and non-conductive portions, and the conductive portion includes the first conductive portion, which serves as the first radiator 210 .

[0106] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the size of the first gap 202 between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220. For example, the z-direction dimension of the first gap 202 is h, where h is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm (millimeter) and less than or equal to 15 mm. For example, the z-direction dimension h of the first gap 202 can be 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, or 15 mm. If the size of the first gap 202 is smaller, the distance between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 is closer, and the coupling capacitance between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 is larger. The aforementioned coupling capacitor has a low impedance to electromagnetic waves of relatively low frequencies (e.g., less than 1.2 GHz). This low impedance causes the coupling capacitor to conduct, weakening the second radiator 220's ability to disperse the current on the first radiator 210. Consequently, the second radiator 220 is less effective in reducing the electric field strength within the region enclosed by the frame 120, and thus has limited effect on improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200. Conversely, if the first gap 202 is relatively large (e.g., h is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm), the coupling capacitance between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 is relatively small. Within the operating frequency band of the first antenna 200, the coupling capacitance between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 is less likely to conduct, and the second radiator 220 significantly disperses the current on the first radiator 210. The second radiator 220 reduces the electric field strength within the region enclosed by the frame 120, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200.

[0107] The present embodiment does not limit the shape of the first gap 202. The first gap 202 can be irregular in shape. The first gap 202 can have multiple dimensions along the z-direction. The aforementioned dimension h of the first gap 202 along the z-direction is the maximum dimension of the first gap 202 along the z-direction.

[0108] The present embodiment of the present application does not limit the material filled in the first gap 202. For example, the first gap 202 can be filled with a solid material such as plastic or rubber, or a gas material such as air, nitrogen, or argon. Alternatively, the first gap 202 can be filled with either a solid material or a gas material. In some embodiments, to increase the integration of the wearable device 100, other structures of the wearable device 100 (such as sensors, etc.) can be located in the first gap 202.

[0109] Returning to Figure 2b , the floor 201 of the wearable device 100 can be at least a portion of any ground layer, ground plate, or ground metal layer of the wearable device 100. For example, the floor 201 of the wearable device 100 can include any one or more of the following: the ground layer of the printed circuit board 140, a ground metal layer formed by a metal film on the side of the display screen 110 facing the rear housing 130, a conductive ground layer of the battery, and conductive or metal parts electrically connected to the aforementioned ground layer / ground plate / metal layer. This embodiment of the present application uses the ground layer of the printed circuit board 140 as an example for description.

[0110] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the frame 120 and second radiator 220 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to Figure 4 , the perpendicular projection of the second radiator 220 onto the first reference plane B is area d1, and the perpendicular projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 onto the first reference plane B is area d2. Area d1 is at least partially located outside area d2.

[0111] The aforementioned perpendicular projection refers to the projection direction being perpendicular to the first reference plane B. It is understood that there are multiple reference planes parallel to the z-direction. The first reference plane B is any reference plane parallel to the z-direction. In other words, at least a portion of the perpendicular projection of the second radiator 220 on the first reference plane is located outside the perpendicular projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the first reference plane, and the first reference plane is parallel to the z-direction. The aforementioned first reference plane can be one of multiple reference planes parallel to the z-direction, or any one of multiple reference planes parallel to the z-direction. It is understood that the second radiator 220 can be a shaped member, and the shape of the second radiator 220 can vary on multiple reference planes parallel to the z-direction. Similarly, the frame 120 can be a shaped member, and the shape of the frame 120 can vary on multiple reference planes parallel to the z-direction. On the same reference plane parallel to the z-direction, the projection of the second radiator 220 can be located at least partially outside the projection of the frame 120.

[0112] The aforementioned area d1 is at least partially located outside the area d2. This includes: the entire area d1 is located outside the area d2, that is, the area d1 and the area d2 do not overlap. Alternatively, part of the area d1 is located within the area d2, and part of the area d1 is located outside the area d2. In the embodiment where the entire area d1 is located outside the area d2, the provision of the second radiator 220 will promote further weakening of the electric field of the first antenna 200 in the area enclosed by the frame 120, thereby reducing the power loss of the conductive material inside the frame 120 to the first antenna 200 and improving the radiation efficiency.

[0113] In an embodiment in which a hole structure is provided on the conductive portion of the frame 120 and passes through the frame 120 in a direction perpendicular to the z direction, the aforementioned d2 area is the area enclosed by the outer contour of the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the first reference plane B.

[0114] In addition, in FIG4 , the entire frame 120 is made of a conductive material, and the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the first reference plane B is the vertical projection of the entire frame 120 on the first reference plane B. In an embodiment where only a portion of the frame 120 is conductive, the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the first reference plane B is located within the vertical projection of the entire frame 120 on the first reference plane B. Since the embodiment of the present application does not restrict the shape of the frame 120, it is clear that the shape of the region d2 is also not restricted accordingly.

[0115] In Figure 4 , in some embodiments, the vertical projection of the second radiator 220 on the second reference plane C (region e1 in Figure 4 ) and the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the second reference plane C (region e2 in Figure 4 ) at least partially overlap, and the second reference plane C is perpendicular to the z-direction. Because the frame 120 and the second radiator 220 are spaced apart, the vertical projection of the second radiator 220 on the second reference plane C and the vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the second reference plane C at least partially overlap, and thus at least a portion of the outer contour of the second radiator 220 extends to one side of the frame 120 along the z-direction. When the wearable device is worn on the user's wearing part 11 (as shown in Figure 1), the wearing part 11, at least part of the outer contour of the aforementioned second radiator 220, and the conductive part of the frame 120 are stacked along the z direction. The setting of the second radiator 220 will promote the further weakening of the electric field of the first antenna 200 within the range enclosed by the frame 120, thereby reducing the electric field of the first antenna 200 in the area enclosed by the frame 120, reducing the power loss of the conductor in the area enclosed by the frame 120 (such as the conductor on the printed circuit board 140), and improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200.

[0116] The aforementioned at least partial overlap of region e1 and region e2 includes: a portion of region e1 being within region e2, and the remainder of region e1 being outside region e2. Alternatively, the entire region e1 is within region e2. Alternatively, region e1 and region e2 overlap. It is understood that in other embodiments, region e1 and region e2 may not overlap.

[0117] The second radiator 220 includes a conductive material. For example, the conductive material may be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, alloys thereof, or graphite powder. Alternatively, the conductive material may be a solidified conductive paste, including but not limited to silver paste or copper paste.

[0118] The present embodiment does not limit the structure of the second radiator 220. In some embodiments, the second radiator 220 may include a conductive film, including but not limited to a chemically plated film, an electroplated film, or a coating. In embodiments where the second radiator 220 includes a conductive film, the second radiator 220 may further include a support plate for supporting the conductive film. The support plate may be made of, for example, plastic, ceramic, or glass. Alternatively, the conductive film may be connected to a component located on the side of the frame 120 facing the rear case 130, such as the rear case 130 or a rear case decorative member.

[0119] In other embodiments, the second radiator 220 may be a conductive plate or a conductive strip, and the conductive plate or conductive strip may be independent of other components, for example, the aforementioned support plate is not provided.

[0120] Returning to Figure 2b , in some embodiments, the second radiator 220 is bonded to the back cover 130. For example, the second radiator 220 is bonded to the surface of the back cover 130 facing the frame 120. This provides support for the second radiator 220. In embodiments where the second radiator 220 is a conductive film, the second radiator 220 is bonded to the surface of the back cover 130 facing the frame 120. This configuration of the second radiator 220 has minimal impact on the overall size of the wearable device 100, resulting in a higher level of integration for the wearable device 100. Furthermore, the configuration of the second radiator 220 does not affect the appearance of the wearable device 100.

[0121] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the second radiator 220 is bonded to the surface of the rear case 130 facing away from the frame 120. This allows the aforementioned first gap 202 (as shown in FIG3 ) to be larger, and the second radiator 220 significantly weakens the electric field within the area enclosed by the frame 120, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200. Furthermore, the second radiator 220 can be disposed on the surface of the rear case 130 facing away from the frame 120, and can be configured in a shape that embellishes the appearance of the wearable device 100, making the second radiator 220 both decorative and aesthetically pleasing.

[0122] The present embodiment of the present application does not limit the method of attaching the second radiator 220 to the rear cover 130. For example, the second radiator 220 can be attached to the rear cover 130 through chemical plating or electroplating. Alternatively, the second radiator 220 can be attached to the rear cover 130 by curing a conductive paste. Alternatively, the second radiator 220 can be attached to the rear cover 130 through an adhesive layer or a solder layer.

[0123] In other embodiments, the second radiator 220 may be embedded in the rear housing 130 , and the second radiator 220 may not be visible without opening the rear housing 130 . Alternatively, the second radiator 220 may be spaced apart from the rear housing 130 .

[0124] As described above, the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210 or the floor 201. In other words, in some embodiments, the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210.

[0125] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frame 120 and the second radiator 220 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 5, the wearable device 100 also includes a first electrical connector 203, one end of which is electrically connected to the second radiator 220. The first electrical connector 203 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210, and the other end of the first electrical connector 203 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210 or the floor 201.

[0126] In this way, by providing the first electrical connector 203 , the second radiator 220 can be electrically connected to the first radiator 210 or the floor 201 of the wearable device 100 .

[0127] Furthermore, if the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210 transmit signals through coupling, the coupling requires a larger coupling area between the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210. A smaller coupling area may result in an open circuit between the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210. Furthermore, the presence of other structures in the wearable device 100 (such as the printed circuit board 140) may also reduce the coupling area, resulting in an open circuit between the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210. The direct electrical connection between the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210 via the first electrical connector 203 effectively ensures the electrical connection performance between the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210. This ensures that the electrical coupling between the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210 is within the target electrical coupling range and is less susceptible to influences from other structures within the wearable device 100.

[0128] The present embodiment of the application does not limit the structure of the first electrical connector 203. For example, the first electrical connector 203 may be a conductive adhesive layer, conductive foam, a solder layer, a conductive spring, a conductive screw connector, or a conductive clip connector. It is understood that the connection method between the first electrical connector 203 and the first radiator 210 or the second radiator 220 can be configured based on the structure of the first electrical connector 203, and the present embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0129] In some embodiments, the dimensions of the first electrical connector 203 along any direction perpendicular to the z-direction are less than or equal to 5 mm. There are multiple directions perpendicular to the z-direction, for example, directions f1, f2, and f3 in Figure 5 are all perpendicular to the z-direction. The dimensions of the first electrical connector 203 along directions f1, f2, and f3 are all less than or equal to 5 mm. In other words, along the direction perpendicular to the z-direction, the maximum dimension of the first electrical connector 203 is d, which is less than or equal to 5 mm. For example, along the direction perpendicular to the z-direction, the maximum dimension of the first electrical connector 203 is 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm. Thus, the presence of the first electrical connector 203 electrically connects the first radiator 210 to the second radiator 220. Furthermore, the smaller size of the first electrical connector 203 prevents an open circuit from forming at the connection between the first electrical connector 203 and the first radiator 210. In other words, the current between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can be conducted through the smaller size of the first electrical connector 203. The second radiator 220 has the function of dispersing the current flowing from the first antenna 200 to the first radiator 210 , thereby weakening the electric field strength in the internal area surrounded by the frame 120 and improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200 .

[0130] It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the first electrical connector 203 may include multiple electrical conductors, and the maximum dimension d of the first electrical connector 203 is the sum of the dimensions of the multiple electrical conductors. For example, in an embodiment where the first electrical connector 203 is a solder layer, the first electrical connector 203 includes multiple solder joints, and gaps may exist between adjacent solder joints. The sum of the dimensions of the multiple solder layers along any direction perpendicular to the z-direction is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0131] The present embodiment does not limit the number of first electrical connectors 203. For example, there can be one, two, three, or more first electrical connectors 203. In embodiments where there are multiple first electrical connectors 203, the distance between two adjacent first electrical connectors 203 is greater than or equal to 5 mm. For example, the distance between two adjacent first electrical connectors 203 is 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, or 15 mm. Assuming the distance between two adjacent first electrical connectors 203 is relatively close (e.g., less than 5 mm), the two adjacent first electrical connectors 203 can be equivalent to a single first electrical connector 203. The current flowing through the first radiator 210 is shunted by the aforementioned shunting effect of the second radiator 220 on the first radiator 210. This reduces the current shunting effect of the second radiator 220 on the first radiator 210, and accordingly weakens the ability of the second radiator 220 to reduce the electric field strength within the region enclosed by the frame 120. Consequently, the second radiator 220 has limited effect on improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200. On the contrary, the distance between two adjacent first electrical connectors 203 is relatively far (for example, greater than or equal to 5 mm), each first electrical connector 203 can disperse the current on the first radiator 210, and the second radiator 220 has a stronger ability to reduce the electric field strength of the internal area enclosed by the frame 120. The second radiator 220 has an obvious effect on improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200.

[0132] In an embodiment where there are multiple first electrical connectors 203 , one end of some first electrical connectors 203 away from the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to the floor 201 , and one end of the remaining first electrical connectors 203 away from the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210 .

[0133] Returning to Figure 2b , in some embodiments, the wearable device 100 further includes a charging coil 170 located between the rear housing 130 and the printed circuit board 140. Opposite ends of the charging coil 170 are electrically connected to the battery. In one embodiment, the charging coil 170 and the second radiator 220 are electrically isolated. In other words, the charging coil 170 and the second radiator 220 are not electrically connected to each other, preventing electrical signals or current from being transmitted between them.

[0134] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 further includes an NFC coil (not shown), which can be located between the printed circuit board and the display screen. Opposite ends of the NFC coil 170 are connected to the NFC chip. In one embodiment, the NFC coil is electrically isolated from the second radiator 220.

[0135] The charging coil 170 (or NFC coil) can be a ring-shaped winding made of tightly wound conductive wire. The charging coil 170 (or NFC coil) includes multiple conductive loops connected in series. An insulating medium is provided between adjacent conductive loops in the charging coil 170 (or NFC coil). In other words, along the radial direction of the charging coil 170 (or NFC coil), the charging coil 170 (or NFC coil) can be considered as multiple discontinuous conductive loops, with an insulating medium between adjacent conductive loops, and the adjacent conductive loops are connected in series. For example, the wire thickness of a conductive loop in the charging coil 170 (or NFC coil) can be 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. For example, the diameter of a conductive loop in the charging coil 170 (or NFC coil) can be 0.1 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.28 mm, or 0.3 mm, etc.

[0136] Exemplarily, the charging coil 170 is electrically connected to a power management chip, which includes, for example, an input voltage detection module, an output voltage regulation module, an overvoltage protection module, an undervoltage protection module, and an overcurrent protection module.

[0137] Illustratively, one side of the charging coil 170 (or NFC coil) is placed in close contact with a magnetic conductor, where the magnetic conductor may include materials such as ferrite and nanocrystals, so that the charging coil 170 (or NFC coil) generates its operating magnetic field.

[0138] The present embodiment does not limit the positional relationship between the second radiator 220 and the charging coil 170. In some embodiments, the charging coil 170 is closer to the rear case 130 than the second radiator 220. In other embodiments, the second radiator 220 is closer to the rear case 130 than the charging coil 170. Alternatively, in still other embodiments, the projections of the charging coil 170 and the second radiator 220 on a reference plane parallel to the z-direction overlap.

[0139] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the shape of the second radiator 220. In some embodiments of the present application, the second radiator 220 has an open-loop structure or a closed-loop structure. An open-loop structure can be considered a curved strip structure, where the leading end of the strip is close to the trailing end but not connected. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the shape of the open-loop or closed-loop structure, and can be, for example, a circular ring, a rectangular ring, or other irregular ring shape. In Figure 5, the second radiator 220 has an elliptical ring structure.

[0140] In embodiments where the second radiator 220 has an open-loop or closed-loop structure, the maximum width of the loop structure is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, and less than or equal to 50 mm. For example, the maximum width may be 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 39 mm, 46 mm, or 50 mm. In other words, the loop structure may be irregular in shape, with uneven widths, and the maximum width being greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. For example, if the loop structure is a ring, the difference between the inner and outer diameters of the ring is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. The wider the loop structure, the more effective the second radiator 220 is in reducing the electric field strength within the region enclosed by the frame 120. Consequently, the second radiator 220 significantly improves the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200. It can be understood that in embodiments where the width of the annular structure is relatively wide (eg, 30 mm-50 mm), the annular structure can be regarded as a sheet-like structure.

[0141] In some embodiments, when the second radiator 220 has an open-loop or closed-loop structure, the distance from any point on the second radiator 220 to the geometric center of the back cover 130 is greater than or equal to 10 mm. Apparently, the maximum distance between the second radiator 220 and the geometric center of the back cover 130 is greater than or equal to 10 mm. In some embodiments, the distance from the outer edge of the second radiator 220 to the geometric center of the back cover 130 is greater than the distance from the outer edge of the charging coil 170 to the geometric center of the back cover 130. In other words, the projection of the edge of the second radiator 220 onto the second reference plane C (as shown in FIG. 4 ) lies outside the projection of the edge of the charging coil 170 onto the second reference plane C.

[0142] In some embodiments, part of the charging coil 170 can function as part of the second radiator 220. For example, the inner ring structure in Figures (c), (g), and (h) of Figure 6 can represent part of or all of the charging coil 170. In other words, the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to any portion of the conductive wire in the charging coil 170. For example, the second radiator 220 and the charging coil 170 are electrically connected via a capacitor, allowing the charging coil 170 to function as part of the second radiator 220. This capacitor is greater than or equal to 10 picofarads (pF) and less than or equal to 100 picofarads (pF).

[0143] In embodiments where the second radiator 220 is an open-loop structure, at least one of the head end and the tail end of the open-loop structure is a free end. For example, if the head end of the open-loop structure is a free end, the head end is not electrically connected to any other conductive structure. For example, the aforementioned first electrical connector 203 is not electrically connected to the head end. Alternatively, if the tail end of the open-loop structure is a free end, the tail end is not electrically connected to any other conductive structure. For example, the aforementioned first electrical connector 203 is not electrically connected to the tail end.

[0144] In other embodiments of the present application, the second radiator 220 is a strip-shaped structure, with at least one of the two opposing ends of the strip being a free end. The aforementioned free end refers to an end of the strip that is not electrically connected to another conductive structure. For example, the aforementioned first electrical connector 203 is not electrically connected to an end of the strip.

[0145] In the embodiment where the second radiator 220 is a strip-shaped structure, the maximum width of the strip-shaped structure is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. The extension path of the strip-shaped structure can be a straight line, a broken line, a curve, or a combination thereof. Similarly, a larger maximum width of the strip-shaped structure helps to increase the degree of reduction in the electric field strength within the internal area enclosed by the frame 120, reduce the loss of the internal area enclosed by the frame 120 to the first antenna 200, and improve the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200.

[0146] In some embodiments of the present application, the second radiator 220 is further provided with a through hole that extends through the second radiator 220. The through hole can clear other components in the wearable device 100. For example, it can clear components on the printed circuit board 140. The present embodiment does not limit the shape of the through hole. For example, the through hole can be a circular hole, a square hole, or a bar hole. The present embodiment does not limit the number of through holes. In some embodiments, the second radiator 220 is provided with multiple through holes. The shapes and sizes of the multiple through holes can be the same or different. The second radiator 220 including multiple through holes can be considered a mesh structure. For example, the size of the through holes in any direction perpendicular to the z-direction is smaller than the width of the second radiator 220. The present embodiment does not limit the diameter of the through holes. For example, the diameter of the through holes can be 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. For example, the diameter of the through holes can be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm.

[0147] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the shapes of various second radiators 220 provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG6 shows the projection shape of the second radiator 220 in a direction perpendicular to the z-direction (as shown in FIG5 ). In FIG6 (a), the second radiator 220 is an open-loop structure. In FIG6 (b), the second radiator 220 is a circular plate. In FIG6 (c), the second radiator 220 includes an inner loop structure and an outer loop structure, and the outer loop structure is sleeved on the outer loop structure. The inner loop structure is a closed loop structure, and the outer loop structure includes two open loop structures spaced apart. In FIG6 (d), the second radiator 220 includes two open loop structures spaced apart, and both open loop structures are provided with through holes. In FIG6 (e), the second radiator 220 is a strip-shaped structure, and the extension path of the strip structure is an irregular shape. In FIG6 (f), the second radiator 220 is a square open loop structure. In Figure 6(g), the second radiator 220 includes a closed-loop structure and an open-loop structure. The open-loop structure is arranged around the periphery of the closed-loop structure and the two open-loop structures are electrically connected. In Figure 6(h), the second radiator 220 includes two open-loop structures, one of which is arranged around the periphery of the other open-loop structure and the two open-loop structures are electrically connected. It should be understood that Figure 6 only illustrates the shapes of some of the second radiators 220. In other embodiments, the second radiator 220 may also have other shapes.

[0148] FIG7 is a simplified structural diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG7 , the first conductive portion of the frame 120 serves as the first radiator 210 of the first antenna 200. The first radiator 210 is provided with a first grounding point 211 and a first feeder 230. The frame 120 is grounded at the first grounding point 211 and is electrically connected to the floor 201 (as shown in FIG5 ). The first feeder 230 is used to feed an electrical signal to the first antenna 200. In FIG7 , the entire frame 120 serves as the first radiator 210.

[0149] In some embodiments, the first radiator 210 is provided with two grounding points, namely a first grounding point 211 and a second grounding point 212. The first radiator 210 is grounded at the first grounding point 211 and the second grounding point 212, and is electrically connected to the floor 201 (as shown in FIG5 ). Alternatively, in other embodiments, more grounding points may be provided.

[0150] As described above, the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to the floor 201 or the first radiator 210. Exemplarily, the second radiator 220 is provided with a first electrical connection point 221. In some embodiments, the first electrical connection point 221 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210. For example, the first electrical connection point 221 is electrically connected to the first radiator 210 via the first electrical connector 203 (as shown in FIG. 5 ). Alternatively, in other embodiments, the first electrical connection point 221 is electrically connected to the floor 201 (as shown in FIG. 5 ). For example, the first electrical connection point 221 is electrically connected to the floor 201 via the first electrical connector 203.

[0151] In some embodiments, the second radiator 220 is directly electrically connected to a point near the highest current point of the first radiator 210 during its operating mode. The area near the highest current point of the first radiator 210 during its operating mode can be considered to be within 30 mm or 10 mm of the highest current point of the first radiator 210 during its operating mode, based on the operating frequency band of the wearable device 100. The highest current point can be the ground point of the first radiator 210 or the geometric center of the first radiator 210.

[0152] In some embodiments, the radiator length between the electrical connection point of the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 and the grounding point of the first radiator 210 is less than or equal to 30 mm, or less than or equal to 10 mm. In embodiments where the first radiator 210 has multiple grounding points, the radiator length between the electrical connection point and one of the grounding points is less than or equal to 30 mm. Alternatively, the radiator length between the electrical connection point and each of the grounding points is less than or equal to 30 mm. The radiator length between the electrical connection point and one of the grounding points refers to the minimum length of the radiator between the two points.

[0153] In some embodiments, the radiator length between the electrical connection point between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 and the geometric center point of the first radiator 210 is less than or equal to 30 mm, or less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0154] In embodiments where the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 are electrically connected via the first electrical connector 203, the aforementioned electrical connection point is the connection point between the first electrical connector 203 and the first radiator 210. In embodiments where there are multiple first electrical connectors 203, the radiator length between the connection point between at least one first electrical connector 203 and the first radiator 210 and the grounding point of the first radiator 210 is less than or equal to 30 mm. FIG. 7 illustrates this by assuming that the distance between connection point K and the second grounding point 212 is less than or equal to 30 mm.

[0155] In some embodiments, the second radiator 220 is electrically connected to a connection point K of the first radiator 210, and the distance between the connection point K and one of the grounding points of the first radiator 210 (e.g., the second grounding point 212) is less than or equal to 30 mm. For example, the distance between the connection point K and the second grounding point 212 is 0 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 23 mm, 26 mm, or 30 mm. Generally, the current generated by the first antenna 200 in the operating frequency band is greatest within the region where the distance between the grounding points of the first radiator 210 is less than or equal to 30 mm. In some embodiments, the radiator length between the connection point K and one of the grounding points of the first radiator 210 (e.g., the second grounding point 212) is less than or equal to 10 mm. The connection point K between the second radiator 220 and the first radiator 210 is located at or near the aforementioned high current point. This allows for a larger current to be diverted from the first radiator 210 to the second radiator 220, thereby enhancing the second radiator 220's ability to disperse the current flowing through the first radiator 210. This also reduces the electric field strength within the interior region enclosed by the frame 120, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200.

[0156] In the embodiment where the second radiator 220 is connected to the first radiator 210 via the first electrical connection 203 , the first electrical connection 203 is electrically connected to point K.

[0157] It is understood that the area near the aforementioned high current point may need to avoid other structures of the wearable device 100 (such as the aforementioned printed circuit board 140 or button 14). The area near the aforementioned high current point may not be suitable for arranging the structure (such as the aforementioned first electrical connector 203) that electrically connects the second radiator 220 to the first radiator 210. The second radiator 220 can be connected to the first radiator 210 at a location other than the high current point. The second radiator 220 can also disperse the current on the first radiator 210, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200.

[0158] In some embodiments of the present application, the wearable device 100 may have a multi-antenna structure. For example, the wearable device 100 may further include a second antenna.

[0159] Returning to Figure 5 , the second antenna 300 includes a third radiator 310 and a second feeder 320 . The frame 120 includes a second conductive portion, which serves as the third radiator 310 . The second feeder 320 is used to feed power to the third radiator 310 . Thus, the wearable device has a multi-antenna structure.

[0160] The present embodiment does not limit the operating frequency band of the second antenna 300. For example, the operating frequency band of the second antenna 300 is within the range of 0.6 GHz to 1.2 GHz. The second antenna 300 can be used as a GNSS antenna (L1 band or L5 band), a BT antenna, a Cell antenna, or a WiFi antenna.

[0161] The present embodiment does not restrict the positions of the second feeder 320 and the first feeder 230 within the frame 120. For example, the geometric center of the frame 120 is used as the center of the circle. The feeding point of the second feeder 320 is set at the 4 o'clock position on the frame 120. The first feeder 230 is set at the 7 o'clock position on the frame 120. The 3 o'clock, 8 o'clock, 10 o'clock, and 11 o'clock positions on the frame 120 serve as the grounding points for the antenna.

[0162] In some embodiments, the second antenna 300 further includes a fourth radiator 330. The fourth radiator 330 is electrically connected to the third radiator 310 or the floor panel 201. The frame 120 and the fourth radiator 330 are spaced apart. The fourth radiator 330 is located on the side of the frame 120 facing the rear housing 130, with a second gap between the second conductive portion and the fourth radiator 330. At least a portion of the perpendicular projection of the fourth radiator 330 on the first reference plane is located outside the perpendicular projection of the conductive portion of the frame 120 on the first reference plane. Thus, the fourth radiator 330 and the third radiator 310 can be considered radiators of the second antenna 300. The fourth radiator 330 can weaken the electric field within the area enclosed by the frame 120, reduce the power loss of the conductor of the second antenna 300 within the area enclosed by the frame 120, and improve the radiation efficiency of the second antenna 300.

[0163] The structure of the fourth radiator 330 can be found in the description of the structure of the second radiator 220. The positional relationship and connection relationship between the fourth radiator 330 and the frame 120 can be found in the description of the second radiator 220 and the frame 120, which will not be repeated here.

[0164] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the connection relationship between the first conductive part of the frame 120 and the second conductive part of the frame 120. In some embodiments, the first conductive part and the second conductive part are electrically connected. For example, in an embodiment in which the entire frame 120 is a conductive structure, the first conductive part and the second conductive part of the frame 120 are electrically connected as one, and the entire frame 120 can be regarded as either the first conductive part (first radiator 210) or the second conductive part (second radiator 220). In other embodiments, the first conductive part and the second conductive part are not electrically connected. For example, the frame 120 also includes a non-conductive part, and the first conductive part and the second conductive part are connected through the non-conductive part.

[0165] As shown in FIG7 , the fourth radiator 330 is electrically connected to the second radiator 220. For example, the fourth radiator 330 and the second radiator 220 are connected to form an integrally formed part. In other words, the fourth radiator 330 and the second radiator 220 can be considered a single conductor. In this way, in the example of FIG7 , the entire frame 120 is a conductive structure, and the fourth radiator 330 and the second radiator 220 can be considered a single conductor. The second radiator 220 can then be connected via a first electrical connector 203 (as shown in FIG5 ), thereby achieving electrical connection between the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220, and electrical connection between the fourth radiator 330 and the third radiator 310.

[0166] In the embodiment where the fourth radiator 330 and the second radiator 220 are connected as an integrally formed part, the second antenna 300 further includes a second electrical connector 301 , the opposite ends of which are electrically connected to the third radiator 310 and the fourth radiator 330 , respectively.

[0167] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the second electrical connector 301 . Please refer to the description of the first electrical connector 203 , which will not be repeated here.

[0168] In some other embodiments, the fourth radiator 330 is not electrically connected to the second radiator 220. For example, the fourth radiator 330 and the second radiator 220 are spaced apart.

[0169] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another second antenna 300 and first antenna 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 8, the frame 120 includes a non-conductive portion 123, a first conductive portion (i.e., the first radiator 210), and a second conductive portion (i.e., the third radiator 310). The non-conductive portion 123 is located between the third radiator 310 and the first radiator 210.

[0170] In the example of FIG8 , the frame 120 includes two non-conductive portions 123, which separate the frame 120 into a third radiator 310 and a first radiator 210 that are not electrically connected. In other embodiments, the third radiator 310 and the first radiator 210 are connected as a single-piece component, with one end of the third radiator 310 remote from the first radiator 210 and one end of the first radiator 210 remote from the third radiator 310 respectively connected to opposite ends of the non-conductive portions 123.

[0171] In the example of FIG8 , fourth radiator 330 is spaced apart from second radiator 220. Fourth radiator 330 is electrically connected to third radiator 310. Second radiator 220 is electrically connected to first radiator 210. Similarly, in the example of FIG8 , second radiator 220 and fourth radiator 330 help improve the radiation efficiency of first antenna 200 and second antenna 300.

[0172] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the non-conductive portion 123. For example, the material of the non-conductive portion 123 is a non-conductive material, and the non-conductive material may include plastic, glass, rubber, or ceramic.

[0173] 8 , the fourth radiator 330 is not electrically connected to the second radiator 220. In other embodiments, the fourth radiator 330 and the second radiator 220 may be electrically connected, for example, connected to form an integrally formed part.

[0174] In some embodiments of the present application, the rear cover 130 may also be made of metal material.

[0175] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another frame 120 and a back shell 130 provided in an embodiment of the present application. For the structure of the frame 120, please refer to the description in Figure 2b. In Figure 9, the back shell 130 is a conductive material, for example, the back shell 130 is a metal shell. An annular gap 131 is provided on the back shell 130, and the annular gap 131 passes through the back shell 130 along the z direction. Similarly, the annular gap 131 provided on the back shell 130 can also weaken the electric field of the first antenna 200 in the area enclosed by the frame 120, reduce the energy loss in the area enclosed by the frame 120, and improve the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200. In the embodiment of Figure 9, the first antenna 200 may not be provided with the aforementioned second radiator.

[0176] Likewise, in some embodiments, the second antenna 300 may be disposed on the frame 120 of Figure 9, and the annular gap 131 may improve the radiation efficiency of the second antenna 300. The second antenna 300 may also be provided without the fourth radiator.

[0177] For example, the shape of the annular gap 131 can be a circular ring, a square ring or an irregular closed loop. In some embodiments, in order to improve the waterproofness of the rear shell 130, the annular gap 131 can be filled with a non-conductive material, which can include plastic, glass, rubber or ceramic.

[0178] Figure 10 is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200 shown in Figure 2b . In Figure 10 , curve u1 is the radiation efficiency curve for the first antenna 200 shown in Figure 2b . Curve u2 is the radiation efficiency curve for the antenna of the control example. The control example antenna differs from the first antenna 200 shown in Figure 2b only in that the control example antenna lacks the aforementioned second radiator 220. As can be seen from Figure 10 , compared to the control example antenna, the radiation efficiency of the first antenna 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application is improved by approximately 3 dB.

[0179] The energy distribution simulation results of the antenna when the control example is in the user's wearing state and in free space are shown in Table 1. The free space is

[0180] Table 1

[0181] In Table 1, input energy refers to the total energy input to the antenna port in the control example, conductor loss refers to the loss of the conductor inside the wearable device, and dielectric loss refers to the loss outside the wearable device. Table 1 shows that when the control example wearable device is worn, the conductor loss decreases while the dielectric loss increases, with the increase in dielectric loss being less than the decrease in conductor loss. This indicates that increasing dielectric loss and reducing conductor loss improves antenna radiation efficiency.

[0182] Figure 11a is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the first antenna in Figure 5 . The first antenna shown in Figure 11a is a GNSS antenna (L1 band) and a Cell antenna. Figure 11b is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the second antenna in Figure 5 . The second antenna shown in Figure 11b is a GNSS antenna (L5 band) and a BT antenna. As can be seen from Figures 11a and 11b , the radiation efficiency of the first and second antennas in Figure 5 is good.

[0183] Figure 12 shows the isolation curves for the first and second antennas in Figure 5. In Figure 12, curve u3 shows the isolation curve for s11 of the first antenna. Curve u4 shows the isolation curve for s22 of the second antenna. Curve u5 shows the isolation curve for s12 between the port of the first antenna and the port of the second antenna. In Figure 12, the first antenna is a GNSS antenna (L1 band) and a Cell antenna. The second antenna is a GNSS antenna (L5 band) and a BT antenna. As can be seen in Figure 12, the isolation in the LB band is -8dB, the isolation in the L1 band is -10dB, and the isolation in the remaining bands is greater than -15dB.

[0184] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited to this. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A wearable device, characterized in that: The wearable device comprises: Display screen; Back shell; floor; A frame, the frame is circumferentially connected between the rear housing and the display screen; the frame includes a first conductive portion; and A first antenna, the first antenna comprising a first radiator, a second radiator and a first feeder, the first conductive portion serving as the first radiator; the first feeder being used to feed the first radiator or the second radiator; the second radiator being electrically connected to the first radiator or the floor, wherein the maximum width of the second radiator is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm; The frame and the second radiator are arranged at an interval, the second radiator is located on the side of the frame facing the rear shell in the thickness direction of the display screen, a first gap is provided between the first conductive part and the second radiator, at least part of the vertical projection of the second radiator on the first reference plane is located outside the vertical projection of the conductive part of the frame on the first reference plane, and the first reference plane is parallel to the thickness direction of the display screen.

2. The wearable device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertical projection of the second radiator on the first reference plane and a vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame on the first surface do not intersect.

3. The wearable device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The second radiator is in contact with a surface of the rear shell facing the frame; or, the second radiator is in contact with a surface of the rear shell facing away from the frame; or, the second radiator is buried in the rear shell.

4. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The second radiator is electrically connected to a connection point of the first radiator, and a radiator length between the connection point and at least one grounding point of the first radiator is less than or equal to 30 mm.

5. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first antenna further comprises a first electrical connector, wherein opposite ends of the first electrical connector are electrically connected to the first radiator and the second radiator respectively; Alternatively, two opposite ends of the first electrical connector are electrically connected to the floor and the second radiator, respectively.

6. The wearable device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Along any direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the display screen, the size of the first electrical connection member is less than or equal to 5 mm.

7. The wearable device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The first antenna includes a plurality of the first electrical connectors, the plurality of the first electrical connectors are arranged at intervals, and a distance between two adjacent first electrical connectors is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

8. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The second radiator is a conductive coating.

9. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The second radiator is a closed loop structure; Alternatively, the second radiator is an open-loop structure.

10. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The second radiator is a strip-shaped structure, and at least one of two opposite ends of the strip-shaped structure is a free end.

11. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The second radiator is provided with a plurality of through holes.

12. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: A vertical projection of the second radiator on a second reference plane at least partially overlaps with a vertical projection of the conductive portion of the frame on the second reference plane, and the second reference plane is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the display screen.

13. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The wearable device further comprises: The second antenna includes a third radiator and a second feeding portion, the frame includes a second conductive portion, the second conductive portion serves as the third radiator, and the second feeding portion is used to feed the third radiator.

14. The wearable device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The second antenna further includes a second electrical connector, and opposite ends of the second electrical connector are electrically connected to the third radiator and the second radiator respectively.

15. The wearable device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The second antenna further includes a fourth radiator, the fourth radiator being electrically connected to the third radiator or the floor of the wearable device; The frame is spaced apart from the fourth radiator, the fourth radiator is located on the side of the frame facing the rear shell in the thickness direction of the display screen, a second gap is provided between the second conductive part and the fourth radiator, and at least a portion of a vertical projection of the fourth radiator on the first reference plane is located outside the vertical projection of the conductive part of the frame on the first reference plane.

16. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: The first gap has a dimension greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 15 mm along the thickness direction of the display screen.

17. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The wearable device further includes: a charging coil, which is connected to a side of the rear shell facing the frame; and the second radiator is electrically isolated from the charging coil.

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