Improved procedure handling for devices with limited energy
By enabling IoT devices to suspend and resume procedures based on energy availability, the method addresses the challenge of completing long procedures in IoT devices with limited energy, enhancing operational reliability and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/138085
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-11
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
IoT devices with limited energy storage and unpredictable energy sources, such as ambient IoT devices, often struggle to complete long procedures due to energy constraints, leading to incomplete transactions and network confusion.
Implement a method that allows IoT devices to suspend ongoing procedures when energy levels fall below a certain threshold and resume them when sufficient energy is available, using messages and context storage to manage the suspension and resumption process.
This approach enables IoT devices to complete long procedures over multiple attempts, reducing signaling overhead and minimizing network confusion regarding device availability, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of IoT operations.
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Figure CN2024138085_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
IMPROVED PROCEDURE HANDLING FOR DEVICES WITH LIMITED ENERGY
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION (S)
[0002] This application claims priority to the PCT International Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 137945, entitled “IMPROVED PROCEDURE HANDLING FOR DEVICES WITH LIMITED ENERGY” , filed on December 11, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Technical Field
[0003] The present disclosure is related to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to a terminal device, a network node, and methods for improved procedure handling for devices with limited energy.Background
[0004] Wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices are often battery powered and both the need to change battery and the battery lifetime may be concerns for many potential applications such as asset tracking or environmental / industrial sensors. For this reason, the wireless communications industry has been interested in so-called zero-energy (ZE) devices. ZE devices refer to wireless IoT devices that do not require battery replacement, and often harvest energy from the environment. In some use cases, such as monitoring the temperature of foodstuffs, the ZE devices may have small batteries that are disposable (e.g., organic, compostable batteries) , rechargeable or have very limited capacity.
[0005] These ZE-IoT devices can in addition be of very small form factor and could even be printable and they target ultra-low power consumption to enable operation based on either energy-harvesting from an ambient sources or back-scattering communication (cf.Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ) . That is, instead of relying on energy for communication being provided by a battery, it is instead harvested from an ambient source, such as vibrations, solar power, RF, etc. (in the harvesting case) , or a charge carrier wave is provided to the device which is modulated and reflected back to a reader (in the back-scattering communication case) . This enables energy autonomous operation during the lifetime of the devices without need for either manual replacement or charging of the batteries. Compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs) , this puts new requirements on the radio interface and the protocols.
[0006] Recently work on this has been performed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , referred to as “Ambient-IoT” or “A-IoT” . Ambient IoT devices are characterized in the study according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating RF signals for their transmissions. Relying on these storage capacities, the study considers the following set of Ambient IoT devices:
[0007] ● Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission.
[0008] ● Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
[0009] ● Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.
[0010] A limited energy storage can be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than a Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) device would typically include.
[0011] An Ambient IoT device may harvest energy from different energy sources, such as RF, solar / light, piezoelectric (kinetic / vibration) , electromagnetic, electrostatic, heat / thermal, thermoelectric, magnetic, wind / water, acoustic, etc.Summary
[0012] For Ambient IoT (A-IoT) , 3GPP will target an IoT segment well below the existing Cellular IoT (CIoT) technologies rather than replacement of existing 3GPP Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technologies. It is expected that together with simplifications in physical layer design, the higher layer (L2 / L3) design will also be much more lightweighted than the existing higher layer design in 3GPP, i.e., a minimal set of functionalities (both at access stratum (AS) and non-access stratum (NAS) levels) , which is even more simplified compared to that adopted for the existing CIoT technologies, should be used to operate A-IoT devices. One way of such simplifications is to design a communication protocol shifted from fully connection oriented with both NAS and Radio Resource Control (RRC) connections between device and network to connectionless type of communication without RRC connections or even also no NAS connections between device and network so that the protocol and signaling overhead associated with the handshaking between device and network is minimized. This means A-IoT devices do not set up and maintain an RRC connection with the network.
[0013] Even with all possible simplifications, i.e., omitting unnecessary procedure steps, combining multiple steps into one, long procedures for A-IoT devices are still expected. As shown in Fig. 2, an initial registration is a typical example where User Equipment (UE) (e.g., a UE 100) and network (e.g., a gNB 105 and / or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 110) need to exchange around 20 messages over the air interface. This is not to count possible Lower Layer (LL) control signaling such as scheduling, feedback, etc.
[0014] As shown in Fig. 2, the UE 100 may receive some necessary information broadcasted by the gNB 105 at step S201 and S202, and use the received information for its access to the network. From steps S203 through S206, the UE 100 may perform a Random Access (RA) procedure with the gNB 105, and then transmit an initial NAS message to the AMF 110 at step S207. From steps S207 to S232, multiple messages are exchanged between the UE 100 and the AMF 110 via the gNB 105 to finish the initial registration for the UE 100 and establish a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session for the UE 100. During this whole procedure, more than 20 messages shall be received / transmitted and processed by the UE 100.
[0015] In legacy, if UE is not able to complete a procedure, for example running out of battery during a procedure, UE starts from scratch when accessing network again. This can happen, for example, in case UE is powered off, or UE moves to another area that requires the registration again.
[0016] In addition, there exists the solution of suspension or resumption of an RRC connection, i.e., 5G New Radio (NR) RRC_INACTIVE solution or suspend / resume solution in 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) . In this case, network is in control of the RRC connection and proactively suspends the connection with a command via RRCConnectionRelease after which both UE and network store the UE AS context information that is used to restore when UE is back accessing the network again to avoid the need of setting up a new RRC connection and associated resources including radio bearers, Layer 2 (L2) / Layer 1 (L1) setting, etc. However, this suspend / resume solution is at an RRC connection level, i.e., once a procedure is initiated, UE is expected to complete all the procedure steps including retransmission and fallback cases.
[0017] For A-IoT and / or ZE-IoT, due to the limited energy storage and unpredictability of energy sources such as harvesting, the UE might not be able to complete a long procedure with multiple steps (or shorter procedure that takes time to complete) . When the UE has sufficient energy, it will start from scratch and thus may get stuck in a loop without completing the procedure. One of the examples of long procedure is the initial NAS procedure with registration, identification, authentication, and security setup. This inability to complete a long procedure may also apply to other signaling procedures that have several / multiple handshaking steps.
[0018] Therefore, to address or at least partially alleviate one or more of the above issues, some embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.
[0019] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a terminal device is provided. The method comprises at least one of: receiving, from a network node, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; transmitting, to a network node, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; and suspending a procedure that is ongoing. Further, some other embodiments of the first aspect are described in the Detailed Description below.
[0020] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to perform at least one of: receive, from a network node, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; transmit, to a network node, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; and suspend a procedure that is ongoing. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to perform any of the methods of the first aspect.
[0021] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a network node is provided. The method comprises at least one of: transmitting, to a terminal device, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; receiving, from a terminal device, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; and suspending a procedure that is ongoing. Further, some other embodiments of the third aspect are described in the Detailed Description below.
[0022] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a network node is provided. The network node comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the network node to perform at least one of: transmit, to a terminal device, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; receive, from a terminal device, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; and suspend a procedure that is ongoing. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the network node to perform any of the methods of the fourth aspect.
[0023] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program comprising instructions is provided. The instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods of any of the first aspect and the third aspect.
[0024] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a carrier containing the computer program of the fifth aspect is provided. In some embodiments, the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
[0025] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a telecommunication system is provided. The telecommunication system comprises a terminal device and a network node. In some embodiments, the terminal device comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to perform at least one of: receive, from the network node, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; transmit, to the network node, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; and suspend a procedure that is ongoing. In some embodiments, the network node comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the network node to perform at least one of: transmit, to the terminal device, the first message; receive, from the terminal device, the second message; and suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0026] In some embodiments, the instructions stored in the memory of the terminal device, when executed by the processor of the terminal device, further cause the terminal device to perform any of the methods of the first aspect. In some embodiments, the instructions stored in the memory of the network node, when executed by the processor of the network node, further cause the network node to perform any of the methods of the third aspect.
[0027] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, IoT devices are enabled to operate with limited energy storage and unpredictable energy sources, e.g., harvesting to be able to complete a long procedure / transaction. One example is the signaling heavy initial NAS procedure that requires many handshaking steps including registration, identification, mutual authentication, and security setup.
[0028] At least one of following advantages may be provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure:
[0029] ● Long procedure / transaction can be completed after several attempts according to device energy situation with reduced / minimal signalling overhead. That is, it can be ensured that longer signalling procedures can still be supported when the device is operating using harvested energy (not being caught an endless loop of re-starting the procedure from the beginning and not having time to finish) .
[0030] ● Confusion and thus resource wastage at network side regarding whether a device disappeared or moved to another area or it just needs time to accumulate / harvest more energy can be mitigated and / or reduced.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0031] The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and therefore are not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.
[0032] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary telecommunication network in which UEs and network node may be operated according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary initial NAS procedure with multiple handshaking steps to which improved procedure handling is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0034] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating exemplary UE behaviors for procedure suspension and resumption according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0035] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary suspensions and / or resumptions of an initial NAS procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0036] Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0037] Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] Fig. 7 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement which may be used in a terminal device and / or a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Detailed Description
[0039] Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described with reference to embodiments shown in the attached drawings. However, it is to be understood that those descriptions are just provided for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. Further, in the following, descriptions of known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concept of the present disclosure.
[0040] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “illustrative, ” or “serving as an example, ” and is not intended to imply that a particular embodiment is preferred over another or that a particular feature is essential. Likewise, the terms “first” , “second” , “third” , “fourth, ” and similar terms, are used simply to distinguish one particular instance of an item or feature from another, and do not indicate a particular order or arrangement, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, the term “step, ” as used herein, is meant to be synonymous with “operation” or “action. ” Any description herein of a sequence of steps does not imply that these operations must be carried out in a particular order, or even that these operations are carried out in any order at all, unless the context or the details of the described operation clearly indicates otherwise.
[0041] Conditional language used herein, such as "can, " "might, " "may, " "e.g., " and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and / or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and / or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and / or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. Also, the term "or" is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Further, the term "each, " as used herein, in addition to having its ordinary meaning, can mean any subset of a set of elements to which the term "each" is applied.
[0042] The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below. In addition, language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y and Z, " unless specifically stated otherwise, is to be understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z, or a combination thereof.
[0043] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limitation of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. It will be also understood that the terms “connect (s) , ” “connecting” , “connected” , etc. when used herein, just mean that there is an electrical or communicative connection between two elements and they can be connected either directly or indirectly, unless explicitly stated to the contrary.
[0044] Of course, the present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the scope and essential characteristics of the disclosure. One or more of the specific processes discussed below may be carried out in any electronic device comprising one or more appropriately configured processing circuits, which may in some embodiments be embodied in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, and / or digital signal processors programmed with appropriate software and / or firmware to carry out one or more of the operations described above, or variants thereof. In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise customized hardware to carry out one or more of the functions described above. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
[0045] Although multiple embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the following Detailed Description, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but instead is also capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions without departing from the present disclosure that as will be set forth and defined within the claims.
[0046] Further, please note that although the following description of some embodiments of the present disclosure is given in the context of 5G NR, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In fact, as long as improved procedure handling for devices with limited energy is involved, the inventive concept of the present disclosure may be applicable to any appropriate communication architecture, for example, to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) , Time Division -Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA) , CDMA2000, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) , 4th Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advance (LTE-A) , or 5G NR, 6th generation (6G) mobile system standard, etc. Therefore, one skilled in the arts could readily understand that the terms used herein may also refer to their equivalents in any other infrastructure. For example, the term “terminal device” used herein may refer to a UE, a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a user device, a user terminal, a wireless device, a wireless terminal, an IoT device, an A-IoT device, a ZE device, or the like. For another example, the term “network node” used herein may refer to a transmission reception point (TRP) , a base station, a base transceiver station, an access point, a hot spot, a NodeB, an Evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, a network element, a satellite, an aircraft, or the like.
[0047] Further, the following 3GPP document is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety:
[0048] - 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09) , Technical Report, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in RAN (Release 18) .
[0049] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary telecommunication network 10 in which a UE #1 100-1, a UE #2 100-2, a RAN node (e.g., gNB) 105, and a Core Network (CN) node 110 (e.g., an AMF 110) may be operated according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Although the telecommunication network 10 is a network defined in the context of 5th Generation System (5GS) , the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
[0050] As shown in Fig. 1, the network 10 may comprise:
[0051] - one or more UEs 100-1 and 100-2 (collectively, UE (s) 100) ;
[0052] - a RAN node 105 that could be a base station, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, or an AN node which provides the UEs 100 with access to the network; and
[0053] - a CN node 110 that could be an AMF, a Session Management Function (SMF) , a User Plane Function (UPF) , or any other network element / function. Further, the network 10 may comprise other CN nodes that are not shown in Fig. 1.
[0054] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the network 10 may comprise additional nodes, less nodes, or some variants of the existing nodes shown in Fig. 1. For example, in a network with the 4G architecture, the entities (e.g., an eNB) which perform these functions may be different from those (e.g., the gNB 105) shown in Fig. 1. For another example, in a network with a mixed 4G / 5G architecture, some of the entities may be same as those shown in Fig. 1, and others may be different.
[0055] Further, although two UEs 100, one gNB 105, and one AMF 110 are shown in Fig. 1, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, any number of UEs and / or any number of gNBs and / or any number of AMFs (or other CN nodes) may be comprised in the network 10.
[0056] As shown in Fig. 1, the UEs 100 may be communicatively connected to the gNB 105 which in turn may be communicatively connected to the AMF 110 and / or other CN nodes, such that the UEs 100 may finally communicate its control signaling with the AMF 110 and / or other CN nodes via the gNB 105, and its user plane data with other devices outside the network 10 via the gNB 105 and / or UPF (s) .
[0057] As mentioned above, for A-IoT and / or ZE-IoT, due to the limited energy storage and unpredictability of energy sources such as harvesting, the UE might not be able to complete a long procedure with multiple steps (or shorter procedure that takes time to complete) . When the UE has sufficient energy, it will start from scratch and thus may get stuck in a loop without completing the procedure. One of the examples of long procedure is the initial NAS procedure with registration, identification, authentication, and security setup. However this inability to complete a long procedure may also apply to other signaling procedures that have several / multiple handshaking steps.
[0058] In some embodiments, solutions are proposed to enable devices and network to suspend / pause a signaling procedure when device energy storage falls below a configurable or pre-determined minimum level and resume / continue the suspended / paused procedure / transaction later when the device has sufficient energy again.
[0059] Some embodiments of the present disclosure may cover at least one of following aspects:
[0060] ● UE and network behaviours to support suspending a procedure / transaction, i.e., triggering, requesting, and / or responding to procedure / transaction suspension.
[0061] ● UE and Network (NW) behaviours for suspending a procedure / transaction (e.g., storing status, information, context related to the ongoing procedure / transaction) .
[0062] ● UE and NW behaviours upon resuming a suspended procedure / transaction (e.g. monitoring for resumption indication, or information of last consumed message / state, and upon detection continuing the procedure / transaction from the previously stored state) .
[0063] ● Information / identifier to support suspension and resumption of a procedure / transaction. In some embodiments, the procedure / transaction identifier can be assigned either at the start of the procedure / transaction or upon suspension, and can in some cases (e.g., when only one simultaneous procedure is possible) even be implicit.
[0064] Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose energy intermittency aware UE and network behaviours to allow for a long procedure / transaction to be performed in multiple steps by suspending the procedure / transaction when UE runs low energy and resuming it when UE has sufficient energy again.
[0065] In some embodiments, network may assume UE can run out of energy at any time and thus prepare itself for procedure suspension. In some embodiments, UE when experiencing low energy level can also request to suspend a procedure.
[0066] In some embodiments, UE and network may signal / communicate at suspension of a procedure, i.e., what information to be used when resuming the procedure, what information to be stored, and / or how long network can keep the procedure context for the UE.
[0067] In some embodiments, UE and network behaviours upon resumption of a suspended procedure when UE has sufficient energy are proposed, i.e., network and UE may continue a suspended procedure rather than starting over again.
[0068] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, IoT devices are enabled to operate with limited energy storage and unpredictable energy sources, e.g., harvesting to be able to complete a long procedure / transaction. One example is the signaling heavy initial NAS procedure that requires many handshaking steps including registration, identification, mutual authentication, and security setup.
[0069] Some embodiments provide at least one of following advantages:
[0070] ● Long procedure / transaction can be completed after several attempts according to device energy situation with reduced / minimal signalling overhead. That is, it can be ensured longer signalling procedures can still be supported when the device is operating using harvested energy (not being caught an endless loop of re-starting the procedure from the beginning and not having time to finish) .
[0071] ● Confusion and thus resource wastage at network side regarding whether a device disappeared or moved to another area or it just needs time to accumulate / harvest more energy can be mitigated and / or reduced.
[0072] In some embodiments, use cases with ultra-low power devices, zero-energy, or ambient IoT devices are considered or assumed. However, the solutions should not be limited to such devices, and can be extended to other service / device classes or categories, e.g., related to enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) , massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) , Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) , Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) , etc.
[0073] Network-initiated suspension
[0074] In some embodiments, network may determine to initiate suspension of an ongoing procedure / transaction based on information about at least one of the UE, the procedure itself, harvesting capabilities of the UE and network condition. In some embodiments, the information may include at least one of, e.g., typical or expected number of steps in handshaking communication between network and UE to complete the procedure, (typical / expected / average) message size of each communication step, device profile and / or capability of the UE, whether UE has failed to complete the same procedure earlier, network load condition, etc. In this case, network can indicate and / or request and / or offer the UE to suspend a procedure and prepare itself for the suspension.
[0075] In some embodiments, network can indicate in any Downlink (DL) transmission during a procedure that UE can suspend the procedure.
[0076] In some embodiments, the suspend indication can be in a form of lower layer (LL) control signaling or higher-layer (HL) control signaling, e.g., NAS information element, L2 / L3 protocol header, flag / field, indication, identifier (s) , and / or any combination of those.
[0077] In some embodiments, a suspend indication may include or be sent together with information for the UE to be used when accessing network again, e.g., having sufficient energy so that both UE and network can continue performing remaining steps of the procedure rather than starting from scratch. In some embodiments, such information may hereafter be referred to “procedure resume information” or “procedure resume identifier (PRID) ” , which will be described in greater detail in a section below.
[0078] In some embodiments, network may only initiate the suspension with a suspend indication in the DL transmission ifthe communicating UE is known at network side, i.e., UE ID of either RAN scope level (such as C-RNTI or equivalent) or core network level (such as 5G-S-TMSI, 5G-GUTI or equivalent) has been allocated.
[0079] In some embodiments, the network may indicate for how long time the procedure will and / or could be suspended.
[0080] In some embodiments, in case the procedure / transaction is a control plane procedure / transaction, the NW may indicate the ID of AMF (or any other network node) with which the procedure / transaction is being performed, or an ID / index that can be mapped to this AMF (or any other network node) where the mapping may only be known to the NW. In some embodiments, such ID / index may only be informed when the AMF is initially selected or reallocated. As another option, the UE context may be stored centrally e.g. in Unified Data Repository (UDR) or Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF) and the ID would be a pointer to UE context stored in UDR (or UDSF) .
[0081] In some embodiments, the information sent to the UE may identify the DL message the network sends to the UE, e.g. few bits with sequence number (that is increased for each message and at e.g. 1111 goes to 0000) , the UE is required in the resume to provide the sequence number of the last consumed DL message such that the network knows what message the UE consumed i.e. to aid the network to determine from where the procedure / transaction shall be resumed (if suspended) .
[0082] In some embodiments, in association with the suspend indication, network may provide UE with (dedicated) UL resources for sending the suspension confirmation e.g., to avoid possible contention during UL access. In some embodiments, similarly, at the suspension, network may provide UE with UL resources for the UL access to resume procedure.
[0083] In some embodiments, the NW-initiated procedure suspension may be based on static or statistic information. That is, based on the NWs knowledge of the UE capabilities, e.g., energy harvesting type or class, size of energy storage, time since last communication to the NW, etc., the NW can decide to suspend the procedure at a certain stage and include the “procedure suspension indication” to the device in downlink.
[0084] In some embodiments, part of the above suspension information may be sent only once, e.g., in the first DL transmission of the whole procedure, while some other part of the above suspension information may be sent multiple times, e.g., at least one of:
[0085] -how long time the procedure will / could be suspended which may depend on the remained steps in the procedure;
[0086] -ID / index of / associated to AMF which will change when AMF is reallocated; and
[0087] -from where the procedure / transaction shall be resumed which depends on where the procedure is suspended.
[0088] Note that, in some embodiments, such suspension information from the NW does not necessarily mean the procedure must be suspended, rather it enables the suspension of the procedure together with some information for the UE to perform the suspension / resumption when needed.
[0089] In some embodiments, upon reception of a DL transmission carrying the suspend indication / information, UE can perform at least one of:
[0090] ● Confirm to the network that the suspension is needed to take place (e.g., UE experiences a low energy level remaining) and both network and UE will suspend the procedure after the confirmation. In some embodiments, such a confirmation can be realized by the UL transmission in response to the DL transmission carrying the suspend indication, e.g., in a form of LL or HL control signaling. In some embodiments, the confirmation may be sent in a dedicated resource if that is provided by the NW.
[0091] ● alternative to the confirmation, UE can proceed with suspension without contacting network back for any confirmation / reply, e.g., in case UE is already running at a so low energy that it is not able to provide the reply / feedback or after a configured time period.
[0092] ● Inform the NW whether it is able to resume communication with the NW within the indicated suspension time.
[0093] ● Alternatively, UE may refuse to suspend the procedure, e.g., in case UE still has more energy to continue the procedure than the estimate by network. In this case, UE can indicate to the network in any UL transmission after the DL transmission carrying the suspend indication so that both network and UE do not unnecessarily pause the procedure. In some embodiments, the UE may refuse or not start the suspension implicitly by continuing to perform the next step in the procedure with the NW.
[0094] In some embodiments, in both cases of either UE sending back a confirmation to a suspend indication from network or UE is not responsive to the suspend indication for a configured time period (e.g., due to that UE has not received the DL transmission carrying the suspend indication or UE has received but not replying to the network) , i.e., whatever comes first, network may suspend the ongoing procedure.
[0095] In some embodiments, the NW may only send the suspension information to a UE when the UE supports the suspension / resumption. In some embodiments, the UE can send its capability on supporting of procedure suspension / resumption during e.g., initial registration in initial registration request. In some embodiments, NW may also get the capability from the database (e.g. Unified Data Management (UDM) / UDR) . In some embodiments, this capability can be in a form of UE AS capability (exchanged via UEInformationEnquiry / UEInformationTransfer) and / or UE NAS capability (exchanged via Registration request) .
[0096] In some embodiments, the state of the suspended procedure can either be implicit or explicit. That is, for the explicit case, the “procedure suspension indication” would contain information about both the procedure, and at which step the procedure was suspended. For example, the information may include that the “RRC Connection Setup” procedure was suspended after Msg 3 (e.g., as shown in Fig. 2) . In the implicit case, which would be beneficial due to less signaling overhead, the procedure state would be stored both in device and NW for any procedure that is ongoing and whichever state the procedure is in when suspended. In this case nothing but a “procedure suspend indication” , which could be as small as a 1-bit flag, would need to be communicated from the NW to the device. Both the device and NW would have a common understanding that the next message to be transmitted when the procedure later resumes is the message in the signaling exchange for the procedure which follows the message in which the “procedure suspension indication” was included.
[0097] In some embodiments, in the NW-initiated case, the resumption of the procedure would be up to the device. That is, later when the UE has harvested some energy it would transmit in uplink to continue the procedure from the point it was suspended.
[0098] In some alternative embodiments to the explicit suspend indication, the network does not indicate an explicit suspend. Instead, the network may always be prepared to resume the procedure from last sent network signal / transmission / message (UE executed the message) and / or from message before last sent network signal / transmission / message (UE could not execute the last message) . In some embodiments, the UE in UL message may include PRID always or after a suspend state in the UE. In some embodiments, the network does not need to indicate anything to the UE or only that the functionality is enabled with the PRID to use for subsequent UL message by the UE.
[0099] In some embodiments, the implicit suspension can be assumed based on the UE’s energy state. In some embodiments, this time may be calculated based on the discharge rate of the UE’s energy level which the network may decipher depending upon the difference in the transmit power experienced by the network while the UE is transmitting.
[0100] In some embodiments, in the case where the network does not explicitly send a suspend, but assumes the UE is suspended based on its energy levels, the network may store and resume the UE context based on the last state the network assumes the UE to be in and based on the content of the UL message from the UE. This is the last rollback state the UE would also assume to be in so that there is no context mismatch. In some embodiments, the network may store the state / information needed to resume assuming the UE consumed the last sent DL message to the UE, as well as the state / information needed to resume in case the UE could not resume the last sent DL message sent to the UE. In some embodiments, the network may identify which state / information to resume from based on the UL message sent by the UE, e.g., based on the message type sent by the UE (known sequence of messages according to the procedure) and / or based on the PRID or associated information including the information (e.g. sequence number) of the last DL message the UE consumed.
[0101] In some embodiments, the network-initiated suspension requires some guess-work from the NW and procedure suspension is more unreliable, may not always be optimal, or can even be done incorrectly in some cases. Therefore, in some embodiments, the network-initiated suspension may instead be based on a dynamic information of the UE’s energy status to the NW. In one example, 4 energy levels may be indicated from the device to the NW (i.e., 2 bits are appended to uplink transmission) , where level 4 may mean energy is full (relative measure compared to the UE’s energy storage capability, or absolute measure that it is above a configured threshold of N Joule) and level 1 means the energy storage is close to being emptied. In some embodiments, based on this information the NW can decide to suspend the procedure. In some embodiments, the energy status can either be reported from the device in every uplink transmission, or only if the UE’s energy storage is below a certain limit (e.g., less than M Joules or not being able to transmit more than K uplink transmissions) . In the case with the least signaling a 1-bit flag used as the “procedure suspension indication” could be appended by the UE when its energy storage is so low that it does not have enough energy for one more uplink transmission (i.e., after the reception of the “procedure suspension indication” from the NW in the response) .
[0102] UE-initiated suspension
[0103] In some embodiments, for the devices that are capable of monitoring energy status / consumption and estimating that it is not able to complete the ongoing procedure due to low energy, UE can send a suspend request / indication / signal to network requesting suspension of the procedure / transaction, e.g., when experiencing low energy situations.
[0104] In some embodiments, network can provide assistance information to the UE for the estimate / calculation regarding when to trigger a suspend request. In some embodiments, the assistance information may include an energy threshold below which the UE should trigger a suspend request. In some embodiments, such a threshold may be determined by network based on, e.g., UE capability / category / class, typical / average message size of each or remaining communication steps.
[0105] In some embodiments, a suspend request can be sent during a procedure in any UL transmission, e.g., the last UL transmission or second / third last UL transmission before the actual suspension. As an example, if the UE knows it has energy sufficient for one UL transmission and one DL reception in the current procedure, it can send the suspend request in the UL transmission. In some embodiments, the suspend request can be in a form of lower layer (LL) control signaling or higher-layer (HL) control signaling, e.g., L2 / L3 protocol header, flag / field, indication, identifier (s) or and / or any combination those. In some embodiments, the suspend request can be independent or combined with other control information such as buffer status, etc. In some embodiments, the UE may inform the NW after how long time it can resume the procedure.
[0106] In some embodiments, the device may include a 1-bit “procedure suspension indication” in the last uplink transmission which is allowed by its energy storage to be transmitted before being depleted if also the procedure state should be stored to device memory (this limit can either be left to device implementation or specified) . After this transmission the device would store the procedure state to memory and enter a power saving state for energy harvesting. In some embodiments, the NW would upon reception of the “procedure suspension indication” store the procedure state in the UE context of the device or later resumption of the procedure. Note that the resumption of the procedure may always be up to the device.
[0107] In some embodiments, the procedure may be resumed from the message after the uplink message in which the “procedure suspension indication” was included. Since this is a downlink message, the device would need to transmit a “procedure resumption indication” to the NW once it has harvested enough energy to resume to procedure, and the NW would respond by continuing the procedure with the transmission of the downlink message. In some embodiments, an alternative is that the procedure is resumed from the next uplink message, in which case the procedure cannot be suspended after the uplink message in which the “procedure suspension indication” was included but also the subsequent downlink message will be transmitted before suspension. Note the energy level for triggering the procedure suspension must be somewhat higher in this case such that the device has enough energy for both an uplink transmission and the reception of a downlink message. (Here, and also for the NW-initiated case above, it is for simplicity assumed that every other message is downlink or uplink. However, the solution is generally applicable also to procedures with several uplink or downlink messages in a row) .
[0108] In some embodiments, the NW may indicate whether it supports the suspension / resumption in e.g., common control signaling or during the initial registration (e.g., indicating the capability after receiving the initial registration request) . In some embodiments, the UE may only send the suspend request when the NW supports the suspension / resumption. In some embodiments, if the network does not support suspension / resumption and the UE requires the functionality, the UE may attempt cell (re-) selection to select another cell supporting the functionality which may include selecting another network (Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or Standalone Non-Public Network (SNPN) ) .
[0109] In some embodiments, UE may maintain an energy level always above a defined threshold that allows UE to perform suspension, i.e., storing necessary information about the suspended procedure. In some embodiments, such a maintenance threshold can be determined by network based on UE capability information such as device category, energy harvesting profile, etc. and signaled to the UE via (common) control signaling, e.g., System Information Blocks (SIBs) . Fig. 3 shows an example ofUE behaviours during procedure suspend / resume with regard to energy thresholds for suspension trigger and maintenance.
[0110] As shown in Fig. 3, the UE may initiate the procedure (e.g., an initial registration procedure) when it has sufficient energy storage. When its energy storage falls to a suspension threshold, the UE and / or the NW may suspend and / or request to suspend and / or indicate to suspend the procedure. For the procedure suspension, some energy is consumed for storing necessary information at UE, for example, context information for the procedure to be resumed, and therefore the energy level will decrease even after the procedure is suspended. However, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the UE shall maintain its energy storage / level to be above the maintenance threshold as mentioned above. After a period of time for energy harvesting / accumulating, the UE will once again have sufficient energy to continue the procedure, and therefore it resume the suspended procedure, for example, by transmitting to the network a resume request. In some embodiments, if network receives a suspend request / indication from UE, it can either accept or reject the request with or without communicating with UE to inform the decision.
[0111] In some embodiments, in case of rejection (due to e.g., the UE cannot resume within the maximum allowed suspension time) , network can inform the UE of the decision in the DL message in response to the UL message containing the request so that when UE is accessing network again, it shall not attempt to resume the procedure. In some embodiments, network does not reply to the UL message containing the suspend request, but when UE attempts to resume a procedure, network may request the UE to fall back to start the procedure from scratch.
[0112] In some embodiments, in case of acceptance, network can confirm with a reply / response in the DL transmission with (part of) the suspension information as described above based on which the UE may know how to resume. In some embodiments, network can decide to not reply to the device and it may be (pre) configured whether the suspension should be performed in this case.
[0113] In some embodiments, irrespective of suspend request / signal from UE, network can indicate in any (suitable) DL transmission to enable / disable suspension request of a procedure (or in general for all procedures for the UE) . This is to avoid situation that any UEs can request for suspension of a procedure even without energy depletion. In some embodiments, the network can enable / disable the procedure suspension to all UEs of a given type via common control signaling such as system information. In some embodiments, the authorization to use suspend / resume procedure may be enabled / disabled based on UE subscription or UE type within the CN, and RAN is informed about the authorization.
[0114] In some embodiments, UE can provide some possible hardcoded parameters that affect the energy states of the UE, for example, as part of the initial registration procedure. For instance, these can be parameters that determine the charge / discharge capabilities of the energy harvester that the UE is equipped with, which can aid the network in determining the amount of time the UE is capable of staying within a certain energy threshold. For example, in a UE aided by a simple RC (resistor-capacitor) based energy harvester, the charge and discharge cycle of the UE may be determined by the time constant T which is the product of the magnitudes of the resistance of the resistor and the capacitance of the capacitor used by the harvester circuit. In some embodiments, charge and discharge cycles based on various set thresholds (like mentioned in Fig. 3) can be determined proportional to this time constant which can be hardcoded to the UE in advance. Parameters like time constant can be shared in advance by the UE in any UL message initiated by the UE (for example, initial RACH attempt and / or as part of UE assistance information and / or as part of UE capability in the Registration request etc. ) . Based on this information, the network can configure the suspend / resume procedure for the UE.
[0115] UE and network behaviour during the suspension
[0116] In some embodiments, suspension of a procedure means storing the allocated procedure resume information / identifier (PRID) and procedure context information, e.g., what steps have been performed and what are left to be completed, relevant protocol parameters, variables, entities; (re) setting / stopping / extending relevant timers (both NAS and AS level) ; buffering ongoing data / PDU / control signaling. The intention is next time UE is back with sufficient energy within a configured time period, based on the procedure context, network can help the UE to continue the suspended procedure from where the UE left rather than starting from scratch.
[0117] In some embodiments, both UE and network may perform suspension.
[0118] In some embodiments, both UE and network may store the relevant procedure resume information. In some embodiments, the UE may only store part of the resume information, e.g., PRID, index / ID of / associated to the AMF with which the procedure is being performed, the cell ID where the procedure is suspended, while the NW may store the relevant procedure context information.
[0119] In some embodiments, in case of network-initiated suspension, network may suspend a procedure either at expiration of a configured timer or upon reception of a confirmation from the UE. In some embodiments, the network may suspend a procedure after sending the suspension indication / information and resume / cancel the suspension when receiving an explicit or implicit rejection from the UE, whereas UE may suspend the procedure when receiving and accepting a suspend indication from the network.
[0120] In some embodiments, in case of UE-initiated suspension, network may suspend a procedure upon reception and acceptance of a suspend request / indication from the UE, whereas UE may suspend the procedure either when receiving a confirmation from the network in response to the suspend request / indication or expiration of a configured timer or after sending the suspend request / indication. In some embodiments, the UE may suspend the procedure at any time without explicitly requesting it e.g. network has indicated suspend is allowed / authorized for the UE or for the procedure, or the network allows a UE type to suspend.
[0121] In some embodiments, during suspension of a procedure, the NW may continue to perform the steps not involving the UE. For instance, during initial registration, if the procedure is suspended after receiving the registration request from the UE, the NW (e.g., the gNB 105) may continue to perform AMF selection, UE context transfer, etc., which only involves nodes in the network.
[0122] In some embodiments, during suspension of a procedure, network does not try to contact UE (often) , for example, to continue the ongoing procedure. Instead, network may wait until UE is back to continue the procedure.
[0123] In some embodiments, in case the UE is not accessing the network for a period longer than a configured time period, network can poll / request / page the silent UE to resume or extend the timer to allow for more time of energy harvesting / accumulation. In this case, a response from the UE may be needed, e.g., in a form of a keep-alive UL message. In some embodiments, UE may be configured with a timer to know up to how long it can be away / inactive, i.e., without contacting network and ifUE is not able to contact network within the timer period, procedure context information may be discarded. That is, next time UE accesses to network again, it needs to start the procedure from beginning again rather than resumption.
[0124] In some embodiments, in case the UE is not accessing the network to resume the procedure for a period longer than a configured “maximal procedure suspension period” timer, the network and UE may discard the information about the suspended procedure, i.e., procedure context and procedure resume ID / information. In some embodiments, the “maximal procedure suspension period” timer value can be configured / predefined e.g., in system information (per UE category / class etc. ) and may be started once the suspension takes place. In some embodiments, the same “maximal procedure suspension period” timer may be started at the UE side when it suspends the procedure and therefore indicate a maximal energy harvesting time to the UE if it wishes to be able to resume the procedure at a later point in time. That is, if the “maximal procedure suspension period” timer is running in UE and NW, both entities will have a common understanding that the suspended procedure can be resumed, but after timer expiration both UE and NW will have a common understanding that the procedure can no longer be resumed but will have to be started over.
[0125] In some embodiments, in case there is no limitation in suspension time, the network may indicate the increased network resource consumption e.g. in CHF (Charging Function) and the network operator may use the information to make differentiated billing towards the customer (e.g. user of the UE) . As an option, the AMF may provide the information to the CHF.
[0126] UE and network behaviour at resumption
[0127] In some embodiments, when UE has sufficient energy to continue / resume a suspended procedure / transaction, UE may access to the network to continue the suspended procedure.
[0128] In some embodiments, in case UE has stored the procedure context, it may restore / resume protocol entities, radio bearers, variables, parameters, and / or timers itself and prepare an UL PDU / message / transmission which is subsequent / close to the step in the procedure / transaction where it left for suspension.
[0129] In some embodiments, in the UL transmission to the network, the UE can include also the procedure resume information / identifier PRID provided by network at the suspension. Based on this information / PRID, network may know what procedure the UE did suspend and thus can restore / recover / resume all protocol elements (entities and associated variables, parameters, and / or timers) to continue the procedure.
[0130] In some embodiments, UE does not need to include the procedure resume information / PRID. Based on the UE ID inside the UL transmission, network can also check the device context and procedure context to restore / recover / resume the suspended procedure.
[0131] In some embodiments, alternatively, irrespective of whether UE has stored procedure context or not, when having sufficient energy, UE can send a small UL transmission with only the procedure resume information / PRID and / or UE ID to indicate to network that the UE is ready for the resumption of the procedure. In some embodiments, the UE may indicate in the UL transmission that it missed an expected response to the UL message it sent or an expected DL message before the suspension. For example, such an indication can be sequence number or procedure transaction identity / message identity of the last DL message the UE consumed.
[0132] In this case, network can look up the UE context and / or procedure context and instruct UE with remaining steps to continue to complete the procedure. In one example, network can send (again) the DL transmission which it has not sent before the suspension or it has sent to the UE before the suspension but has not yet received the reply from the UE or the response to the UL transmission last time it received from the UE before the suspension.
[0133] In some embodiments, in addition, network can instruct UE to configure protocol elements / components, such as re-initializing local variables / parameters, e.g., sequence number, resetting / restarting timers. In some embodiments, this control information can be included in the DL transmission itself.
[0134] In some embodiments, based on the information provided by the network, UE may know what / how to restore / resume the procedure.
[0135] In some embodiments, the UE may abort the resumption if the NW informs that the resumption cannot be performed (due to e.g., the relevant context is deleted or cannot be fetched) .
[0136] In some embodiments, when moving to another RAN node, the UE may abort the resumption for procedures that are RAN node specific, e.g., (initial) RRC connection control and AS security configuration.
[0137] In some embodiments, when moving to another CN node (e.g. AMF) , the new CN node may fetch the UE context, procedure context information from the old CN node using PRID and / or UE ID (e.g., SUCI, (temporary) 5G-GUTI) , to handle the resumption request from the UE.In some embodiments, the new CN node may inform the UE the failure of the resumption, by local policy or the context fetching failure.
[0138] In some embodiments, the UE may consider itself having sufficient energy to continue / resume a suspended procedure if, for example, it has full energy in the storage. In some embodiments, the UE may consider itself having sufficient energy to continue / resume a suspended procedure if, for example, its energy is above some configured / defined threshold, which can either be hardcoded or signalled by the network, e.g., based on information about device capability / type, harvesting profile, etc.
[0139] Procedure context and procedure resume information / identifier
[0140] In some embodiments, procedure context, i.e., information about procedure to be stored during suspension for the use when UE has sufficient energy to resume the procedure can include at least one of, for example:
[0141] ● How many handshaking steps (in total and remaining) , and / or maximum / average message size in each of the steps,
[0142] ● Timers at different sub-layers (i.e., both at NAS and AS) ,
[0143] ● Protocol elements / components, i.e., entities and associated variables and parameters, such as message / packet / PDU sequence number (e.g., NAS Sequence number, NAS protocol transaction identity, NAS COUNT or PDCP / RLC / MAC sequence number) ,
[0144] ● Assistance information from network for the UE to know when it is time to trigger / request suspension, e.g., energy thresholds, maximum / average energy required for whole procedure and for remaining steps for a given type of device.
[0145] In some embodiments, procedure resume information or identifier (PRID) may be information that can be used to identify context of a procedure (rather than a UE) in network to allow both UE and network to understand which procedure to resume and where to continue to complete a suspended procedure. In some embodiments, this is allocated by network (e.g., either RAN or CN) and used by the UE at the procedure resumption.
[0146] In some embodiments, procedure resume information / ID (PRID) can be specified as the following:
[0147] ● This can be sent as part of control information, e.g., in addition to UE ID in the UL transmission at resumption. Other UE ID can be CN level UE ID (e.g., 5G-S-TMSI) or RAN scope UE ID (e.g., C-RNTI like or UE AS context ID like) .
[0148] ● PRID can be implicit from UE ID. As an example, PRID can be implicit from a temporary UE ID at CN level, especially in case CN level UE ID (e.g., 5G-GUTI) is not yet available such as suspension and resumption during the initial NAS procedure before the step of the Registration accept (e.g., see Fig. 2) .
[0149] ● PRID can be designed so that its structure / format can help distinguish NAS vs AS procedure and / or reflect the progress / sub-phase of the procedure.
[0150] ● NAS level PRID can be an existing or new field / indication inside the NAS message itself. For example, the procedure transaction identity (plain NAS message without security) or sequence number (security protected NAS messages, TS 24.501, clause 9.1) can implicitly be used as the PRID. In this case, the first NAS message to be exchanged between UE and CN helps receiver (UE or network) understand the procedure is being resumed and perform the resumption accordingly.
[0151] ● As an example, for NAS PRID, a new 2-bit field can be used, 00: Registration request has been received and mutual authentication done, 01: NAS security mode command done, 11: UE capability performed, 10: reserved. For example, when UE has sufficient energy to perform the resumption, it may send a NAS message (subsequent to or the same message as it sent before suspension) with a CN level UE ID and a PRID value of 00 to continue the initial NAS procedure. Note that this NAS PRID is transparent to RAN node. Upon reception of the NAS message, network may understand that this means UE has done authentication, thus will start from NAS security mode command. As another example the NAS PRID can be an extension associated to the 5G-GUTI and be few bits of a sequence number / procedure transaction identity that the network provides in DL messages, and the UE provides in UL message (in all or after resumption) . Upon reception of the NAS PRID and the 5G-GUTI, the network (e.g. AMF) may find the UE context using the 5G-GUTI and identify the state / information to resume using the NAS PRID.
[0152] ● AS level PRID can be sent in the L2 / L1 header, e.g., MAC control element.
[0153] ● As an example, PRID can be an access / establishment cause in the UL transmission at resumption to distinguish it from other legacy reasons of accessing to the network, i.e., procedure resumption from non-resumption, access for data or control signaling. This is particular relevant in case of suspension / resumption of an AS signaling procedure such as the initial procedure of setting an RRC connection and AS security which requires UE to have energy to perform multiple steps.
[0154] Initial NAS procedure as a typical use case
[0155] As mentioned earlier, the solution for procedure suspend / resume would be beneficial in any procedure with multiple communication steps. An example of initial NAS procedure (or initial setup phase) that the IoT device needs to fully perform at least one time, including registration, identification, authentication, NAS security setup, AS security setup (in case of user plane solution) , and PDU session establishment, as depicted in Fig. 2, may be considered. The scenario is the IoT device is not able to complete all the steps in one attempt. In particular, UE 100 has sufficient energy to perform only up to the step of authentication response (S213 shown in Fig. 2) and needs to suspend and harvest for more energy. That is, UE 100 has not been allocated a CN level identifier (5G-S-TMSI like) . Fig. 4 shows suspend / resume of the initial NAS procedure with network-initiated suspension under assumption that AS access mechanism is based on the concept of RRC connection-less and self-contained transmission. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this concept. In some other embodiments, the procedure suspension / resumption may also applied to a normal RRC connection based communication.
[0156] As shown in Fig. 4, at step S410, a ZE-IoT device or UE 100 may send a NAS registration request by means of self-contained transmission with a RAN level UE ID as a random number (as UE is not known by network) and UE 100 may include an ID like SUCI or SUPI or new Ambient UE ID to let CN identify which UE this request comes from.
[0157] In some embodiments, another approach may be to use legacy RACH procedure messages, e.g., 4-step RACH, where UE 100 may first include random ID, and upon successfully identified or resolution at RAN scope level, then in next UL message, UE can include CN ID, e.g., SUCI or SUPI or new Ambient UE ID to let CN identify.
[0158] In some embodiments, UE 100 and network (e.g., via the BS 105) may exchange NAS messages in UL and DL for mutual authentication successfully.
[0159] Network may estimate energy situation of the UE 100 based on at least one of UE information, procedure information, network condition, etc. (i.e., suspend conditions fulfilled) and determine to send a suspend indication in the DL NAS message (or the network may sendsuspend information in all relevant DL messages as to allow the UE to suspend whenever required) at step S420. In this case, the procedure resume information / ID may be the temporary CN ID, a NAS level PRID, or the like.
[0160] In some embodiments, the temporary CN ID can have a similar structure / format as the legacy 5G-GUTI, e.g., “Temporary GUTI” . In one example, Temporary 5G-GUTI can be allocated and signaled to UE 100 earlier than in legacy, and is only promoted to the actual / real 5G-GUTI ifUE 100 passes all the security related procedure and registration is accepted.
[0161] In some embodiments, UE can use the SUCI to send at the resumption. In this case, there needs an explicit PRID to distinguish the resume attempt from non-resume case.
[0162] Referring back to Fig. 4, once UE 100 received the DL NAS message with the temporary CN ID, it may send, at step S430, a confirmation to suspend the procedure with a lightweight UL transmission containing only UE ID, e.g., RAN scope UE ID or the random number UE 100 selected in the first step and an indication, e.g., 1-bit flag that UE 100 confirms to suspend the procedure. Or the UE 100 may send the information once the UE 100 determines to suspend the procedure.
[0163] Then, energy is depleted at UE 100.
[0164] Both UE 100 and network may suspend the procedure, i.e., storing protocol elements / components (entities, states, variables, parameters) , stopping timers, buffering ongoing ctrl signal messages and wait for the UE 100 to harvest more energy.
[0165] In some embodiments, both UE 100 and network may store important protocol elements / components (entities, states, variables, parameters) , buffering ongoing control signal messages, etc. at every signalling exchange or end of sub-procedure (state) .
[0166] In some embodiments, network does not know when UE's energy will deplete and suddenly go silent, so it is important that the protocol allows UE to save the state parameters and let UE harvest energy and resume later.
[0167] In some embodiments, in order to resume later, the timers may be extended (e.g., various timers at NAS / AS registration level, such as T3510, T3550, T3460, etc. or similar timers device for Ambient IoT UE) , so when UE 100 comes back again, its resumption is within the time; otherwise ifUE 100 takes very long time, then network may reject the resumption, and the procedure falls back to registration from the scratch.
[0168] In some embodiments, in another scenario, both UE and network may store important protocol elements / components (entities, states, variables, parameters) , buffering ongoing control signal messages, etc. ifUE 100 sends some suspension signal.
[0169] In some embodiments, in another scenario, UE 100 must send feedback that it has saved existing or previous state parameters, and from now it cannot continue with registration and will go in suspension modes, and thus network will store important protocol elements / components (entities, states, variables, parameters) , buffering ongoing control signal messages, etc. corresponding to that state.
[0170] In some embodiments, network may save the UE's state parameters corresponding to its temporary GUTI / SUCI / SUP I.
[0171] Note: if suspension is not applied, it means, both UE 100 and network have to save parameters every time, i.e., the old state parameters with new state parameters, because both network and UE do not know when UE 100 will become silent, given energy depletion happens in a sudden manner; so there is no time for UE 100 to learn its own energy storage instantaneous conditions.
[0172] In some embodiments, by state, it means, e.g., the signalling / handshake step (corresponding parameters UE 100 has received from or delivered to network) , or group of signalling correspond to a sub-procedure (e.g., NAS security command, capability negotiation, etc. ) in the whole registration procedure.
[0173] Referring back to Fig. 4, when UE 100 has sufficient energy (i.e., resume conditions fulfilled if defined or UE implemented ) , it may send, at step S440, e.g., self-contained UL or legacy RACH based transmission (s) with UE ID (e.g., RAN scope ID (e.g., C-RNTI alike or new type of RAN scope ID) or a random number) and the UL NAS message with temp CN ID, e.g., temporary GUTI / SUCI / SUPI / new Ambient UE ID as the PRID.
[0174] In some embodiments, the later NAS message can be in same UL self-contained message or different UL message in multi-step RACH procedure, in UL in step 3 (3rd handshake message in UL) or step 5 (5th handshake message in UL) .
[0175] Referring back to Fig. 4, by checking this temp CN ID, network may know the UE is resuming the initial NAS procedure and continue with the remaining steps, i.e., NAS security mode command.
[0176] In some embodiments, Network and UE 100 may continue for several steps in the initial NAS procedure and network can indicate, at step S450, suspend again if it estimates that UE would run out of energy soon. In this example, the second suspension may take place after the network allocates CN ID (5G-GUTI like) and thus UE 100 can use the short form of this CN ID in the next access attempt. In some embodiments, in addition, an explicit PRID at NAS level may be needed for CN to restore the procedure context next time UE is back resuming the procedure.
[0177] In some embodiments, once the registration is successful, network can promote temporary CN ID to official CN ID, e.g., promotes temporary GUTI to official GUTI for the successfully registered UE 100.
[0178] In this case, to support the suspend / resume of initial NAS procedure, a flag in registration request can be introduced to let network to understand it is from A-IoT and / or ZE-IoT device to consider the suspension when needed.
[0179] With the embodiments described above, IoT devices are enabled to operate with limited energy storage and unpredictable energy sources, e.g., harvesting to be able to complete a long procedure / transaction. One example is the signaling heavy initial NAS procedure that requires many handshaking steps including registration, identification, mutual authentication, and security setup.
[0180] At least one of following advantages may be provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure:
[0181] ● Long procedure / transaction can be completed after several attempts according to device energy situation with reduced / minimal signalling overhead. That is, it can be ensured that longer signalling procedures can still be supported when the device is operating using harvested energy (not being caught an endless loop of re-starting the procedure from the beginning and not having time to finish) .
[0182] ● Confusion and thus resource wastage at network side regarding whether a device disappeared or moved to another area or it just needs time to accumulate / harvest more energy can be mitigated and / or reduced.
[0183] Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 500 at a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 500 may be performed at a terminal device (e.g., the UE 100) . The method 500 may comprise at least one of steps S510, S520, and S530. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 500 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 500 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 500 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and / or multiple steps in the method 500 may be combined into a single step.
[0184] The method 500 may begin with at least one of steps S510, S520, and S530.
[0185] At step S510, the terminal device may receive, from a network node, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0186] At step S520, the terminal device may transmit, to a network node, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0187] At step S530, the terminal device may suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0188] In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: transmitting, to the network node, a third message indicating that the terminal device confirms that the procedure is to be suspended in response to receiving the first message; receiving, from the network node, a fourth message indicating that the suspension of the procedure is accepted or rejected in response to transmitting the second message; storing context information for the terminal device and / or context information for the procedure when the procedure is suspended; accumulating energy for resuming the suspended procedure; and transmitting, to the network node, a fifth message indicating that the suspended procedure is resumed or to be resumed.
[0189] In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: transmitting, to the network node, a sixth message indicating that the terminal device is able to continue the procedure or is not to suspend the procedure in response to receiving the first message. In some embodiments, the first message may further indicate information comprising at least one of: a maximum time period during which the terminal device is allowed by the network node to resume a suspended procedure; an identifier (ID) of a network node with which the procedure is being performed; an ID and / or index that is mapped to a network node with which the procedure is being performed; a pointer pointing to a context of the terminal device; a sequence number of the first message; an uplink (UL) resource for the terminal device to transmit a suspension confirmation; a UL resource for the terminal device to transmit a request for resuming the procedure; information about the procedure that is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended; information about at which step the procedure is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended; and a Procedure Resumption ID (PRID) for the terminal device to resume the procedure after the procedure is suspended.
[0190] In some embodiments, the information may comprise at least one of: a first part that is received once during the procedure; and a second part that will be updated by one or more messages that are subsequently received during the procedure. In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: transmitting, to the network node, a message indicating whether or not the terminal device is able to resume the procedure within the maximum time period. In some embodiments, the first message may be received only when the terminal device has an ID known to the network node.
[0191] In some embodiments, the fifth message may indicate at least one of: a sequence number of the last downlink (DL) message that is consumed by the terminal device before the procedure is suspended; a procedure identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device before the procedure is suspended; a message identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device before the procedure is suspended; a PRID associated with the procedure that is provided by the network node before the procedure is suspended; an ID of the terminal device; an indication that the terminal device is ready for resuming the procedure; an indication that the terminal device missed an expected response to a UL message the terminal device sent; an indication that the terminal device missed an expected DL message before the suspension of the procedure. In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: receiving, from the network node, a seventh message indicating one or more remaining steps in the procedure to continue to complete the procedure in response to transmitting the fifth message. In some embodiments, the seventh message may further indicate at least one of: one or more parameters to be resumed for the procedure; one or more variables to be resumed for the procedure; one or more entities to be resumed for the procedure; one or more radio bearers to be resumed for the procedure; and one or more timers to be resumed for the procedure.
[0192] In some embodiments, before the step of receiving the first message, the method 500 may further comprise: transmitting, to a network node, a message indicating that the terminal device supports procedure suspension. In some embodiments, before the step of receiving the first message, the method 500 may further comprise: transmitting, to the network node, a message indicating an energy status of the terminal device. In some embodiments, when the first message indicates that the terminal device is to suspend the procedure, the fifth message may be the next message in the procedure that follows the first message. In some embodiments, when no first message is received by the terminal device, the fifth message may indicate information that enables the network node to determine from where the procedure is to be resumed. In some embodiments, the information may comprise at least one of: a PRID; a message type of the fifth message; and associated information of the last DL message the terminal device consumed before the procedure is suspended.
[0193] In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: receiving, from the network node, a message requesting the terminal device to respond for resuming or extending a timer at the network node to allow for more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation; and transmitting, to the network node, a message indicating whether or not more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation is needed. In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: setting a timer with a value indicating for how long it is allowed to not contact the network node; starting the timer upon the suspension of the procedure. In some embodiments, if the terminal device did not contact the network node during the timer was running and when the timer is expired, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: restarting the procedure from the beginning; and discarding the stored information associated with the suspended procedure. In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: resuming one or more parameters that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more variables that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more entities that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more radio bearers that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more timers that are stored before the procedure is suspended; preparing one or more UL PDUs that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended; preparing one or more UL messages that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended; and preparing one or more UL transmissions that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended.
[0194] Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 600 at a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 600 may be performed at a network node (e.g., the gNB 105, the AMF 110) . The method 600 may comprise at least one of steps S610, S620, and S630. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 600 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 600 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 600 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and / or multiple steps in the method 600 may be combined into a single step.
[0195] The method 600 may begin with at least one of steps S610, S620, and S630.
[0196] At step S610, the network node may transmit, to a terminal device, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0197] At step S620, the network node may receive, from a terminal device, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0198] At step S630, the network node may suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0199] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise at least one of: receiving, from the terminal device, a third message indicating that the terminal device confirms that the procedure is to be suspended in response to transmitting the first message; transmitting, to the terminal device, a fourth message indicating that the suspension of the procedure is accepted or rejected in response to receiving the second message; storing context information for the terminal device and / or context information for the procedure when the procedure is suspended; and receiving, from the terminal device, a fifth message indicating that the suspended procedure is resumed or to be resumed. In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: receiving, from the terminal device, a sixth message indicating that the terminal device is able to continue the procedure or is not to suspend the procedure in response to transmitting the first message.
[0200] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: determining whether or not the terminal device is to suspend or is allowed to suspend the procedure. In some embodiments, the step of transmitting the first message may be performed in response to determining that the terminal device is to suspend the procedure or is allowed to suspend the procedure. In some embodiments, whether or not the terminal device is to suspend or is allowed to suspend the procedure may be determined based on at least one of: information about the terminal device; information about the procedure; one or more harvesting capabilities of the terminal device; one or more harvesting types of the terminal device; one or more harvesting classes of the terminal device; a size of energy storage of the terminal device; a time since the last communication to the network node; one or more network conditions; an expected number of steps in handshaking communication between the network node and the terminal device to complete the procedure; an expected message size of at least one communication step in the procedure; an average message size of at least one communication step in the procedure; a device profile of the terminal device; a device capability of the terminal device; whether or not the terminal device has failed to complete the same procedure earlier; and a network load condition.
[0201] In some embodiments, the first message may further indicate information comprising at least one of: a maximum time period during which the terminal device is allowed by the network node to resume a suspended procedure; an identifier (ID) of a network node with which the procedure is being performed; an ID and / or index that is mapped to a network node with which the procedure is being performed; a pointer pointing to a context of the terminal device; a sequence number of the first message; an uplink (UL) resource for the terminal device to transmit a suspension confirmation; a UL resource for the terminal device to transmit a request for resuming the procedure; information about the procedure that is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended; information about at which step the procedure is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended; and a Procedure Resumption ID (PRID) for the terminal device to resume the procedure after the procedure is suspended. In some embodiments, the information may comprise at least one of: a first part that is transmitted once during the procedure; and a second part that will be updated by one or more messages that are subsequently transmitted during the procedure. In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: receiving, from the terminal device, a message indicating whether or not the terminal device is able to resume the procedure within the maximum time period.
[0202] In some embodiments, the first message may be transmitted only when the terminal device has an ID known to the network node. In some embodiments, the fifth message may indicate at least one of: a sequence number of the last downlink (DL) message that is consumed by the terminal device before the procedure is suspended; a procedure identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device before the procedure is suspended; a message identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device before the procedure is suspended; a PRID associated with the procedure that is provided by the network node before the procedure is suspended; an ID of the terminal device; an indication that the terminal device is ready for resuming the procedure; an indication that the terminal device missed an expected response to a UL message the terminal device sent; and an indication that the terminal device missed an expected DL message before the suspension of the procedure. In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise at least one of: looking up context information for the terminal device and / or context information for the procedure; and transmitting, to the terminal device, a seventh message indicating one or more remaining steps in the procedure to continue to complete the procedure in response to receiving the fifth message. In some embodiments, the seventh message may further indicate at least one of: one or more parameters to be resumed for the procedure; one or more variables to be resumed for the procedure; one or more entities to be resumed for the procedure; one or more radio bearers to be resumed for the procedure; and one or more timers to be resumed for the procedure.
[0203] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise at least one of: transmitting, to the terminal device (100) , a message requesting the terminal device (100) to respond for resuming or extending a timer at the network node (105, 110) to allow for more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation; and receiving, from the terminal device (100) , a message indicating whether or not more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation is needed. In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: setting a timer with a value indicating for how long it is allowed to not contact the network node (105, 110) ; starting the timer upon the suspension of the procedure. In some embodiments, ifthe terminal device (100) did not contact the network node (105, 110) during the timer was running and when the timer is expired, the method (600) further comprises at least one of: restarting the procedure from the beginning; and discarding the stored information associated with the suspended procedure. In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise at least one of: resuming one or more parameters that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more variables that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more entities that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more radio bearers that are stored before the procedure is suspended; resuming one or more timers that are stored before the procedure is suspended; preparing one or more DL PDUs that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended; preparing one or more DL messages that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended; and preparing one or more DL transmissions that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended.
[0204] Fig. 7 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement 700 which may be used in a terminal device and / or a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Comprised in the arrangement 700 are a processing unit 706, e.g., with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or a Central Processing Unit (CPU) . The processing unit 706 may be a single unit or a plurality of units to perform different actions of procedures described herein. The arrangement 700 may also comprise an input unit 702 for receiving signals from other entities, and an output unit 704 for providing signal (s) to other entities. The input unit 702 and the output unit 704 may be arranged as an integrated entity or as separate entities.
[0205] Furthermore, the arrangement 700 may comprise at least one computer program product 708 in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and / or a hard drive. The computer program product 708 comprises a computer program 710, which comprises code / computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processing unit 706 in the arrangement 700 causes the arrangement 700 and / or the terminal device and / or the network node in which it is comprised to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 2 through Fig. 6 or any other variant.
[0206] The computer program 710 may be configured as a computer program code structured in at least one of computer program modules 710A, 710B, and 710C. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 700 is used in a terminal device, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 700 includes at least one of: a module 710A configured to receive, from a network node, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; a module 710B configured to transmit, to a network node, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; and a module 710C configured to suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0207] Additionally or alternatively, the computer program 710 may be further configured as a computer program code structured in at least one of computer program modules 710D, 710E, and 710F. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 700 is used in a network node, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 700 includes at least one of: a module 710D configured to transmit, to a terminal device, a first message indicating that the terminal device is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; a module 710E configured to receive, from a terminal device, a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; and a module 710F configured to suspend a procedure that is ongoing.
[0208] The computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Fig. 2 through Fig. 6, to emulate the terminal device and / or the network node. In other words, when the different computer program modules are executed in the processing unit 706, they may correspond to different modules in the terminal device and / or the network node.
[0209] Although the code means in the embodiments disclosed above in conjunction with Fig. 7 are implemented as computer program modules which when executed in the processing unit causes the arrangement to perform the actions described above in conjunction with the figures mentioned above, at least one of the code means may in alternative embodiments be implemented at least partly as hardware circuits.
[0210] The processor may be a single CPU (Central processing unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units. For example, the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and / or related chips sets and / or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs) . The processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes. The computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor. The computer program product may comprise a computer readable medium on which the computer program is stored. For example, the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random-access memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within the terminal device and / or the network node.
[0211] The present disclosure is described above with reference to the embodiments thereof. However, those embodiments are provided just for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the attached claims as well as equivalents thereof. Those skilled in the art can make various alternations and modifications without departing from the scope of the disclosure, which all fall into the scope of the disclosure.
Claims
1.A method (500) at a terminal device (100) , the method (500) comprising at least one of:receiving (S510) , from a network node (105, 110) , a first message indicating that the terminal device (100) is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing;transmitting (S520) , to a network node (105, 110) , a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device (100) is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; andsuspending (S530) a procedure that is ongoing.2.The method (500) of claim 1, further comprising at least one of:transmitting, to the network node (105, 110) , a third message indicating that the terminal device (100) confirms that the procedure is to be suspended in response to receiving the first message;receiving, from the network node (105, 110) , a fourth message indicating that the suspension of the procedure is accepted or rejected in response to transmitting the second message;storing context information for the terminal device (100) and / or context information for the procedure when the procedure is suspended;accumulating energy for resuming the suspended procedure; andtransmitting, to the network node (105, 110) , a fifth message indicating that the suspended procedure is resumed or to be resumed.3.The method (500) of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:transmitting, to the network node (105, 110) , a sixth message indicating that the terminal device (100) is able to continue the procedure or is not to suspend the procedure in response to receiving the first message.4.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first message further indicates information comprising at least one of:- a maximum time period during which the terminal device (100) is allowed by the network node (105, 110) to resume a suspended procedure;- an identifier (ID) of a network node (105, 110) with which the procedure is being performed;- an ID and / or index that is mapped to a network node (105, 110) with which the procedure is being performed;- a pointer pointing to a context of the terminal device (100) ;- a sequence number of the first message;- an uplink (UL) resource for the terminal device (100) to transmit a suspension confirmation;- a UL resource for the terminal device (100) to transmit a request for resuming the procedure;- information about the procedure that is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended;- information about at which step the procedure is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended; and- a Procedure Resumption ID (PRID) for the terminal device (100) to resume the procedure after the procedure is suspended.5.The method (500) of claim 4, wherein the information comprises at least one of:- a first part that is received once during the procedure; and- a second part that will be updated by one or more messages that are subsequently received during the procedure.6.The method (500) of claim 4 or 5, further comprising:transmitting, to the network node (105, 110) , a message indicating whether or not the terminal device (100) is able to resume the procedure within the maximum time period.7.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first message is received only when the terminal device (100) has an ID known to the network node (105, 110) .8.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fifth message indicates at least one of:- a sequence number of the last downlink (DL) message that is consumed by the terminal device (100) before the procedure is suspended;- a procedure identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device (100) before the procedure is suspended;- a message identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device (100) before the procedure is suspended;- a PRID associated with the procedure that is provided by the network node (105, 110) before the procedure is suspended;- an ID of the terminal device (100) ;- an indication that the terminal device (100) is ready for resuming the procedure;- an indication that the terminal device (100) missed an expected response to a UL message the terminal device (100) sent;- an indication that the terminal device (100) missed an expected DL message before the suspension of the procedure.9.The method (500) of claim 8, further comprising:receiving, from the network node (105, 110) , a seventh message indicating one or more remaining steps in the procedure to continue to complete the procedure in response to transmitting the fifth message.10.The method (500) of claim 9, wherein the seventh message further indicates at least one of:- one or more parameters to be resumed for the procedure;- one or more variables to be resumed for the procedure;- one or more entities to be resumed for the procedure;- one or more radio bearers to be resumed for the procedure; and- one or more timers to be resumed for the procedure.11.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein before the step of receiving the first message, the method (500) further comprises:transmitting, to a network node (105, 110) , a message indicating that the terminal device (100) supports procedure suspension.12.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein before the step of receiving the first message, the method (500) further comprises:transmitting, to the network node (105, 110) , a message indicating an energy status of the terminal device (100) .13.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein when the first message indicates that the terminal device (100) is to suspend the procedure, the fifth message is the next message in the procedure that follows the first message.14.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein when no first message is received by the terminal device (100) , the fifth message indicates information that enables the network node (105, 110) to determine from where the procedure is to be resumed.15.The method (500) of claim 14, wherein the information comprises at least one of:- a PRID;- a message type of the fifth message; and- associated information of the last DL message the terminal device (100) consumed before the procedure is suspended.16.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 15, further comprising at least one of:receiving, from the network node (105, 110) , a message requesting the terminal device (100) to respond for resuming or extending a timer at the network node (105, 110) to allow for more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation; andtransmitting, to the network node (105, 110) , a message indicating whether or not more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation is needed.17.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 16, further comprising:setting a timer with a value indicating for how long it is allowed to not contact the network node (105, 110) ;starting the timer upon the suspension of the procedure;wherein if the terminal device (100) did not contact the network node (105, 110) during the timer was running and when the timer is expired, the method (500) further comprises at least one of:restarting the procedure from the beginning; anddiscarding the stored information associated with the suspended procedure.18.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 17, further comprising at least one of:resuming one or more parameters that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more variables that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more entities that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more radio bearers that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more timers that are stored before the procedure is suspended;preparing one or more UL PDUs that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended;preparing one or more UL messages that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended; andpreparing one or more UL transmissions that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended.19.A terminal device (100, 700) comprising:a processor (706) ;a memory (708) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (706) , cause the terminal device (100, 700) to perform at least one of:receive, from a network node (105, 110) , a first message indicating that the terminal device (100) is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing;transmit, to a network node (105, 110) , a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device (100, 700) is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; andsuspend a procedure that is ongoing.20.The terminal device (100, 700) of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor (706) , further cause the terminal device (100, 700) to perform the method (500) of any of claims 2 to 18.21.A method (600) at a network node (105, 110) , the method (600) comprising at least one of:transmitting (S610) , to a terminal device (100) , a first message indicating that the terminal device (100) is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing;receiving (S620) , from a terminal device (100) , a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device (100) is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; andsuspending (S630) a procedure that is ongoing.22.The method (600) of claim 21, further comprising at least one of:receiving, from the terminal device (100) , a third message indicating that the terminal device (100) confirms that the procedure is to be suspended in response to transmitting the first message;transmitting, to the terminal device (100) , a fourth message indicating that the suspension of the procedure is accepted or rejected in response to receiving the second message;storing context information for the terminal device (100) and / or context information for the procedure when the procedure is suspended; andreceiving, from the terminal device (100) , a fifth message indicating that the suspended procedure is resumed or to be resumed.23.The method (600) of claim 21 or 22, further comprising:receiving, from the terminal device (100) , a sixth message indicating that the terminal device (100) is able to continue the procedure or is not to suspend the procedure in response to transmitting the first message.24.The method (600) of any of claims 21 to 23, further comprising:determining whether or not the terminal device (100) is to suspend or is allowed to suspend the procedure,wherein the step of transmitting the first message is performed in response to determining that the terminal device (100) is to suspend the procedure or is allowed to suspend the procedure.25.The method (600) of claim 24, wherein whether or not the terminal device (100) is to suspend or is allowed to suspend the procedure is determined based on at least one of:- information about the terminal device (100) ;- information about the procedure;- one or more harvesting capabilities of the terminal device (100) ;- one or more harvesting types of the terminal device (100) ;- one or more harvesting classes of the terminal device (100) ;- a size of energy storage of the terminal device (100) ;- a time since the last communication to the network node (105, 110) ;- one or more network conditions;- an expected number of steps in handshaking communication between the network node (105, 110) and the terminal device (100) to complete the procedure;- an expected message size of at least one communication step in the procedure;- an average message size of at least one communication step in the procedure;- a device profile of the terminal device (100) ;- a device capability of the terminal device (100) ;- whether or not the terminal device (100) has failed to complete the same procedure earlier; and- a network load condition.26.The method (600) of any of claims 21 to 25, wherein the first message further indicates information comprising at least one of:- a maximum time period during which the terminal device (100) is allowed by the network node (105, 110) to resume a suspended procedure;- an identifier (ID) of a network node (105, 110) with which the procedure is being performed;- an ID and / or index that is mapped to a network node (105, 110) with which the procedure is being performed;- a pointer pointing to a context of the terminal device (100) ;- a sequence number of the first message;- an uplink (UL) resource for the terminal device (100) to transmit a suspension confirmation;- a UL resource for the terminal device (100) to transmit a request for resuming the procedure;- information about the procedure that is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended;- information about at which step the procedure is to be suspended or allowed to be suspended; and- a Procedure Resumption ID (PRID) for the terminal device (100) to resume the procedure after the procedure is suspended.27.The method (600) of claim 26, wherein the information comprises at least one of:- a first part that is transmitted once during the procedure; and- a second part that will be updated by one or more messages that are subsequently transmitted during the procedure.28.The method (600) of claim 26 or 27, further comprising:receiving, from the terminal device (100) , a message indicating whether or not the terminal device (100) is able to resume the procedure within the maximum time period.29.The method (600) of any of claims 21 to 28, wherein the first message is transmitted only when the terminal device (100) has an ID known to the network node (105, 110) .30.The method (600) of any of claims 21 to 29, wherein the fifth message indicates at least one of:- a sequence number of the last downlink (DL) message that is consumed by the terminal device (100) before the procedure is suspended;- a procedure identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device (100) before the procedure is suspended;- a message identity of the last DL message that is consumed by the terminal device (100) before the procedure is suspended;- a PRID associated with the procedure that is provided by the network node (105, 110) before the procedure is suspended;- an ID of the terminal device (100) ;- an indication that the terminal device (100) is ready for resuming the procedure;- an indication that the terminal device (100) missed an expected response to a UL message the terminal device (100) sent; and- an indication that the terminal device (100) missed an expected DL message before the suspension of the procedure.31.The method (600) of claim 30, further comprising at least one of:looking up context information for the terminal device (100) and / or context information for the procedure; andtransmitting, to the terminal device (100) , a seventh message indicating one or more remaining steps in the procedure to continue to complete the procedure in response to receiving the fifth message.32.The method (600) of claim 31, wherein the seventh message further indicates at least one of:- one or more parameters to be resumed for the procedure;- one or more variables to be resumed for the procedure;- one or more entities to be resumed for the procedure;- one or more radio bearers to be resumed for the procedure; and- one or more timers to be resumed for the procedure.33.The method (600) of any of claims 21 to 32, further comprising at least one of:transmitting, to the terminal device (100) , a message requesting the terminal device (100) to respond for resuming or extending a timer at the network node (105, 110) to allow for more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation; andreceiving, from the terminal device (100) , a message indicating whether or not more time of energy harvesting and / or accumulation is needed.34.The method (600) of any of claims 21 to 33, further comprising:setting a timer with a value indicating for how long it is allowed to not contact the network node (105, 110) ;starting the timer upon the suspension of the procedure;wherein if the terminal device (100) did not contact the network node (105, 110) during the timer was running and when the timer is expired, the method (600) further comprises at least one of:restarting the procedure from the beginning; anddiscarding the stored information associated with the suspended procedure.35.The method (600) of any of claims 21 to 34, further comprising at least one of:resuming one or more parameters that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more variables that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more entities that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more radio bearers that are stored before the procedure is suspended;resuming one or more timers that are stored before the procedure is suspended;preparing one or more DL PDUs that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended;preparing one or more DL messages that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended; andpreparing one or more DL transmissions that follow the last step in the procedure before the procedure is suspended.36.A network node (105, 110, 700) comprising:a processor (706) ;a memory (708) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (706) , cause the network node (105, 110, 700) to perform at least one of:transmit, to a terminal device (100) , a first message indicating that the terminal device (100) is to or is allowed to suspend a procedure that is ongoing;receive, from a terminal device (100) , a second message requesting a suspension of a procedure that is ongoing or indicating that the terminal device (100) is to suspend a procedure that is ongoing; andsuspend a procedure that is ongoing.37.The network node (105, 110, 700) of claim 36, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor (706) , further cause the network node (105, 110, 700) to perform the method (600) of any of claims 22 to 35.38.A computer program (710) comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor (706) , cause the at least one processor (706) to carry out the method (500, 600) of any of claims 1 to 18 and 21 to 35.39.A carrier (708) containing the computer program (710) of claim 38, wherein the carrier (708) is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.40.A telecommunication system (10) , comprising:a terminal device (100) of claim 19 or 20; anda network node (105, 110) of claim 36 or 37.
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