Communication method, communication device, communication system, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, and a storage medium. The communication method comprises: a first device sends first data to a second device, the first data being used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model. According to the present disclosure, the first device sends the first data to the second device, such that the second device uses the data to operate the AI model, thereby effectively improving the communication efficiency.

Description

Communication method, communication device, communication system and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) can be deployed in user equipment (UE), next-generation NodeB (gNB), and location management function (LMF). LMF, UE, and UE's over-the-top (OTT) server can all train and fine-tune AI models.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] How to improve communication efficiency when operating AI models is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0005] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, and a storage medium.

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, comprising: a first device sending first data to a second device, wherein the first data is used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0007] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, which includes: a second device receives first data sent by a first device, and the first data is used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0008] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, comprising: a first device sending first data to a second device, wherein the first data is used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model; and the second device receives the first data.

[0009] According to the fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal is proposed, comprising: a transceiver module for sending first data to a core network device, or for receiving first data sent by a core network device, wherein the first data is used by the core network device to operate an artificial intelligence AI model.

[0010] According to the fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a network device is proposed, including: a transceiver module, used to receive first data sent by a terminal, or used to send first data to a core network device, wherein the first data is used by the core network device to operate an artificial intelligence AI model.

[0011] According to the sixth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal is proposed, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the terminal is used to execute the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect or the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect.

[0012] According to the seventh aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a network device is proposed, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the network device is used to execute the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect or the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect.

[0013] According to an eighth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication system is proposed, comprising a terminal and a network device, wherein the terminal is configured to implement the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect, and the network device is configured to implement the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect; or, the terminal is configured to implement the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect, and the network device is configured to implement the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect.

[0014] According to the ninth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a storage medium is proposed, which stores instructions. When the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device executes a communication method such as the first aspect and any one of the first aspects or the second aspect and any one of the second aspects.

[0015] The present disclosure sends first data to a second device through a first device, so that the second device uses the data to operate an AI model, thereby effectively improving communication efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following drawings required for describing the embodiments are introduced. The following drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG1a is a schematic diagram showing a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG1 b is a schematic diagram showing a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG1c is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG1d is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG1e is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG1f is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG2 a is a schematic diagram showing interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG2 b is a schematic diagram showing interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG2c is a schematic diagram showing interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG2 d is a schematic diagram showing an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG2e is a schematic diagram showing an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG2f is a schematic diagram showing an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG3 a is a flow chart showing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG3 b is a flow chart showing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG4 a is a flow chart showing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG4 b is a flow chart showing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG4 c is a flow chart showing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG5 is a flow chart showing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG6 a is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG6 b is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0038] FIG7 b is a schematic diagram showing a chip structure according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, and a storage medium.

[0040] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a communication method, which includes: a first device sends first data to a second device, and the first data is used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0041] In the above embodiment, the first data is sent to the second device through the first device so that the second device can use the data to operate the AI ​​model, thereby effectively improving communication efficiency.

[0042] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, operating the AI ​​model includes at least one of the following: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; and managing the AI ​​model.

[0043] In the above embodiments, different operations of the AI ​​model require data collection to improve communication performance in at least one operation of training, fine-tuning, monitoring performance management, etc. of the AI ​​model.

[0044] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the first device is a terminal, and the second device is a core network device; or, the first device is a core network device, and the second device is a terminal.

[0045] In the above embodiment, if the AI ​​model is operated on a terminal, the core network device can collect data and send it to the terminal to improve communication efficiency. If the AI ​​model is operated on a core network device, the terminal can collect data and send it to the core network device to improve communication efficiency. That is, if the first device is a terminal, then the second device can be a core network device; if the first device is a core network device, then the second device can be a terminal. This allows for flexible response to different situations and effectively improves communication efficiency.

[0046] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the terminal includes at least one of the following: user equipment UE; a streaming media server OTT server of the UE; and a positioning reference unit PRU.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the terminal may be a user device, a streaming media server of the user device, a positioning reference unit, etc. Communication efficiency can be improved when the user device operates an AI model, when the streaming media server of the user device operates an AI model, and when the positioning reference unit operates an AI model.

[0048] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the core network device includes at least one of the following: a positioning management function LMF; and an access management function AMF.

[0049] In the above embodiments, the core network device may be an LMF, AMF, etc. This can improve communication efficiency when the LMF operates an AI model. This can also improve communication efficiency when the AMF operates an AI model.

[0050] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the first data includes at least one of the following: a reference signal measurement result; reference signal configuration information; the number of transmission points TRP of the reference signal; terminal location information; a first quality indication of the reference signal measurement result; a second quality indication of the terminal location information; a first timestamp of the reference signal measurement result; and a second timestamp of the terminal location information.

[0051] In the above embodiment, the first data includes at least one of the above items, so that the second device can more accurately use the first data to operate the AI ​​model and improve communication efficiency.

[0052] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the first data is carried by first information, and the first information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; the scenario in which the first device collects the first data; and the positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0053] In the above embodiment, the first device sends the first data to the second device while also indicating at least one of the above items, so that the second device can more reasonably utilize the first data to operate the AI ​​model and improve the efficiency of the communication line.

[0054] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the scenario for collecting the first data includes at least one of the following: an indoor scene; an outdoor scene.

[0055] In the above embodiment, the collected first data may also vary due to different scenarios. The scenario includes at least one of the above, so that the second device can determine the scenario of the first data and better utilize the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0056] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the positioning technology includes at least one of the following: a positioning technology related to a radio access technology RAT; or a positioning technology not related to RAT.

[0057] In the above embodiments, due to different positioning technologies, the collected first data may also be different. The scenario includes at least one of the above, so that the second device can determine the positioning technology of the first data and better utilize the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0058] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the method further includes: the first device receiving second information sent by the second device, where the second information is used to request the first device to collect the first data.

[0059] In the above embodiment, the second device may request the first device to collect the first data, so that the first device may collect the first data after receiving the request, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0060] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the second information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation of the AI ​​model performed by the second device corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; the type of the reference signal measurement result; whether the first data includes the terminal location information; whether the first data includes the second quality indication; whether the first data includes the first timestamp; whether the first data includes the second timestamp; the quantity of the first data; the quality of service QoS of the collected first data; the reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; the scenario for collecting the first data; the positioning technology for collecting the first data; and the delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

[0061] In the above embodiment, when requesting the first device to collect the first data, the second device also indicates at least one of the above items, so that the first device can accurately collect the first data and accurately send the first information, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0062] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the type of the reference signal measurement result includes at least one of the following: reference signal time difference RSTD; reception transmission time difference; reference signal received power RSRP.

[0063] In the above embodiment, the type of the reference signal measurement result may be at least one of the above items, so as to flexibly adapt to different situations and collect appropriate first data, thereby improving efficiency.

[0064] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the AI ​​function includes at least one of the following: determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication; determining the terminal position; and determining an intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning.

[0065] In the above embodiment, when requesting the first data, the second device indicates that the AI ​​function includes at least one of the above items, so that the first device can collect more reasonable first data according to the AI ​​function.

[0066] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the first device is a core network device, the second device is a terminal, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol LPP providing assistance data message, and the second information is an LPP assistance request message.

[0067] In the above embodiment, when the first device is an LMF and the second device is a terminal, a request to collect the first data and the collected first data can be sent through LPP-related messages to save signaling consumption and improve communication efficiency.

[0068] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect, the first device is a terminal, the second device is a core network device, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is an LPP location information provision message, and the second information is an LPP location information request message.

[0069] In the above embodiment, when the first device is a terminal and the second device is an LMF, a request to collect the first data and the collected first data can be sent through LPP-related messages to save signaling consumption and improve communication efficiency.

[0070] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: a second device receiving first data sent by a first device, wherein the first data is used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0071] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, operating the AI ​​model includes at least one of the following: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; and managing the AI ​​model.

[0072] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the first device is a terminal, and the second device is a core network device; or, the first device is a core network device, and the second device is a terminal.

[0073] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the terminal includes at least one of the following: user equipment UE; a streaming media server OTT server of the UE; and a positioning reference unit PRU.

[0074] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the core network device includes at least one of the following: a positioning management function LMF; an access management function AMF.

[0075] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the first data includes at least one of the following: a reference signal measurement result; reference signal configuration information; the number of transmission points TRP of the reference signal; terminal location information; a first quality indication of the reference signal measurement result; a second quality indication of the terminal location information; a first timestamp of the reference signal measurement result; and a second timestamp of the terminal location information.

[0076] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the first data is carried by first information, and the first information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; the scenario in which the first device collects the first data; and the positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0077] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the scenario for collecting the first data includes at least one of the following: an indoor scene; an outdoor scene.

[0078] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the positioning technology includes at least one of the following: a positioning technology related to a radio access technology RAT; or a positioning technology not related to RAT.

[0079] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the method further includes: the second device sending second information to the first device, where the second information is used to request the first device to collect the first data.

[0080] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the second information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation of the AI ​​model performed by the second device corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; the type of the reference signal measurement result; whether the first data includes the terminal location information; whether the first data includes the second quality indication; whether the first data includes the first timestamp; whether the first data includes the second timestamp; the quantity of the first data; the quality of service QoS of the collected first data; the reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; the scenario for collecting the first data; the positioning technology for collecting the first data; and the delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

[0081] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the type of the reference signal measurement result includes at least one of the following: reference signal time difference RSTD; reception transmission time difference; reference signal received power RSRP.

[0082] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the AI ​​function includes at least one of the following: determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication; determining the terminal position; and determining an intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning.

[0083] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the first device is a core network device, the second device is a terminal, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol LPP providing assistance data message, and the second information is an LPP assistance request message.

[0084] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect, the first device is a terminal, the second device is a core network device, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is an LPP location information provision message, and the second information is an LPP location information request message.

[0085] In a third aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: a first device sending first data to a second device, wherein the first data is used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model; and the second device receives the first data.

[0086] In a fourth aspect, a terminal is provided, comprising: a transceiver module for sending first data to a core network device, or for receiving first data sent by a core network device, wherein the first data is used by the core network device to operate an artificial intelligence AI model.

[0087] In a fifth aspect, a network device is provided, including: a transceiver module for receiving first data sent by a terminal, or for sending first data to a core network device, wherein the first data is used by the core network device to operate an artificial intelligence AI model.

[0088] In a sixth aspect, a terminal is provided, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the processor is used to execute the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect or the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect.

[0089] In a seventh aspect, a network device is provided, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the processor is used to execute the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect or the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect.

[0090] In an eighth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising a terminal and a network device, wherein the terminal is configured to implement the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect, and the network device is configured to implement the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect; or, the network device is configured to implement the first aspect and any one of the communication methods in the first aspect, and the terminal is configured to implement the second aspect and any one of the communication methods in the second aspect.

[0091] In the ninth aspect, a storage medium is provided, which stores instructions. When the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device executes a communication method such as the first aspect and any one of the first aspect or the second aspect and any one of the second aspect.

[0092] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a program product. When the program product is executed by a communication device, the communication device executes the method described in the optional implementation manner of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0093] In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in the optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0094] In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip or a chip system, wherein the chip or chip system includes a processing circuit configured to execute the method described in the optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0095] It is understandable that the terminal, access network device, first device, other network elements, core network device, communication system, storage medium, program product, computer program, chip, or chip system involved in each embodiment of the present disclosure are all used to perform the methods proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can refer to the beneficial effects of the corresponding methods and will not be repeated here.

[0096] The present disclosure provides communication methods, devices, equipment, and storage media. In some embodiments, the terms "communication method," "information processing method," and "communication method" are interchangeable; the terms "communication device," "information processing device," and "communication device" are interchangeable; and the terms "information processing system," "communication system," and "communication system" are interchangeable.

[0097] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not exhaustive and are merely illustrative of some embodiments, and are not intended to be a specific limitation on the scope of protection of the present disclosure. In the absence of contradiction, each step in a certain embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a certain embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily exchanged. In addition, the optional implementation methods in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; in addition, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. For example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments.

[0098] In each embodiment of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified or provided for, the terms and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and may be referenced by each other. The technical environments in different embodiments may be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0099] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0100] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, elements expressed in the singular, such as "a", "an", "the", "above", "said", "the", "the", etc., may mean "one and only one", or "one or more", "at least one", etc. For example, when using articles such as "a", "an", "the" in English in translation, the noun following the article may be understood as a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, “plurality” refers to two or more.

[0102] In some embodiments, the terms "at least one," "one or more," "a plurality of," "multiple," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0103] In some embodiments, descriptions such as "at least one of A and B," "A and / or B," "A in one case, B in another case," or "in response to one case A, in response to another case B" may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); and in some embodiments, A and B (both A and B are executed). The above is also applicable when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0104] In some embodiments, "A or B" and other descriptions may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The above is also applicable when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0105] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only used to distinguish different description objects and do not constitute any restriction on the position, order, priority, quantity or content of the description objects. For the statement of the description object, please refer to the description in the context of the claims or embodiments, and no unnecessary restriction should be constituted due to the use of prefixes. For example, if the description object is a "field", the ordinal number before the "field" in the "first field" and the "second field" does not limit the position or order between the "fields". "First" and "second" do not limit whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they limit the order of the "first field" and the "second field". For another example, if the description object is a "level", the ordinal number before the "level" in the "first level" and the "second level" does not limit the priority between the "levels". For another example, the number of description objects is not limited by the ordinal number and can be one or more. Taking "first device" as an example, the number of "devices" can be one or more. In addition, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the description object is "device", then the "first device" and the "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different; for example, if the description object is "information", then the "first information" and "the performance of each AI model" can be the same information or different information, and their contents can be the same or different.

[0106] In some embodiments, “including A,” “comprising A,” “used to indicate A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0107] In some embodiments, terms such as "in response to...", "in response to determining...", "in the case of...", "at the time of...", "when...", "if...", "if...", etc. can be used interchangeably.

[0108] In some embodiments, terms such as "greater than", "greater than or equal to", "not less than", "more than", "more than or equal to", "not less than", "higher than", "higher than or equal to", "not less than", and "above" can be replaced with each other, and terms such as "less than", "less than or equal to", "not greater than", "less than", "less than or equal to", "not more than", "lower than", "lower than or equal to", "not higher than", and "below" can be replaced with each other.

[0109] In some embodiments, devices and equipment can be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to the names recorded in the embodiments. In some cases, they can also be understood as "equipment", "device", "circuit", "network element", "node", "function", "unit", "section", "system", "network", "chip", "chip system", "entity", "subject", etc.

[0110] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in the network, such as access network equipment, core network equipment, etc.

[0111] In some embodiments, "access network device (AN device)" may also be referred to as "radio access network device (RAN device)", "base station (BS)", "radio base station", "fixed station", and in some embodiments may also be understood as "node", "access point", "transmission point (TP)", "reception point (RP)", "transmission and / or reception point (TRP)" "panel", "antenna panel", "antenna array", "cell", "macro cell", "small cell", "femto cell", "pico cell", "sector", "cell group", "serving cell", "carrier", "component carrier", "bandwidth part (BWP)", etc.

[0112] In some embodiments, "terminal" or "terminal device" may be referred to as "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal" "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, etc.

[0113] In some embodiments, obtaining data, information, etc. may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the data is obtained.

[0114] In some embodiments, data, information, etc. may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0115] In addition, each element, each row, or each column in the table of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the combination of any elements, any rows, and any columns can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0116] Currently, AI models can be deployed on various devices, including UEs, gNBs, and LMFs. AI model operations, such as training, fine-tuning, performance monitoring, and management, require the collection of corresponding data. However, these devices often collect relatively small amounts of data, making it difficult to operate AI models. Alternatively, collecting large amounts of data can be time-consuming and inefficient.

[0117] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a communication method, in which a second device can obtain a large amount of data for operating an AI model by receiving first data sent by a first device. The first data is used to operate the AI ​​model, so that the operation of the AI ​​model is more effective and more efficient, thereby effectively improving communication efficiency.

[0118] FIG1a is a schematic diagram showing a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0119] As shown in FIG. 1 a , a communication system 100 includes a first device 101 and a second device 102 .

[0120] In some embodiments, the first device 101 may be a terminal, and the second device 102 may be a core network device or a base station. This disclosure will be described by taking the second device 102 as a core network device, but is not limited thereto.

[0121] As shown in Figure 1b, Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Figure 1b, a communication system 200 includes a terminal 201 and a core network device 202.

[0122] In some embodiments, the terminal includes, for example, a mobile phone, a wearable device, an Internet of Things device, a car with communication function, a smart car, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, and at least one of a wireless terminal device in a smart home, but is not limited thereto.

[0123] In some embodiments, the core network device includes at least one of the following: LMF; access and mobility management function (AMF).

[0124] In some embodiments, a core network device may be a device including one or more network elements, or may be multiple devices or device groups, each including all or part of the one or more network elements. The network element may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), and a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0125] In some embodiments, the first device 101 may be a core network device, and the second device 102 may be a terminal, as shown in Figure 1c. Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a communication system 300 includes a core network device 301 and a terminal 302.

[0126] FIG1d is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0127] As shown in FIG. 1 d , the communication system 400 includes a first device 401 , a second device 402 , and a third device 403 .

[0128] In some embodiments, the first device 401 may be a terminal, the second device 402 may be a core network device, and the third device may be a terminal other than the first device 401 or a core network device other than the second device.

[0129] FIG1e is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0130] As shown in FIG. 1 e , the communication system 500 includes a terminal 501 , a core network device 502 , and a terminal 503 .

[0131] In some embodiments, the terminal 503 is any terminal other than the terminal 501. As shown in FIG1f , the communication system 600 includes a terminal 601, a core network device 602, and a core network device 603.

[0132] In some embodiments, the core network device 603 is any other core network device except the core network device 602 .

[0133] It can be understood that the communication system described in the embodiment of the present disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Ordinary technicians in this field can know that with the evolution of the system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure is also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0134] The network device in the present disclosure may be a base station or a core network device. In some cases, the network device and the core network device may be used interchangeably.

[0135] The following embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to at least one item or part of the entities in each communication system shown in Figures 1a to 1e, but are not limited thereto. The entities shown in Figures 1a to 1e are examples. The communication system may include all or part of the entities in Figures 1a to 1e, or may include other entities other than those in Figures 1a to 1e. The number and form of each entity are arbitrary. Each entity can be physical or virtual. The connection relationship between the entities is an example. The entities can be connected or disconnected. The connection can be in any manner, either directly or indirectly, and can be wired or wireless.

[0136] The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), future radio access (FRA), new radio access technology (RAT), new radio (NR), new radio access (NX), future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems based on and extending these methods. Furthermore, multiple systems may be combined (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0137] Currently, 5G NR or 6G are preparing to research artificial intelligence (AI) and apply AI or machine learning (ML) to 5G or 6G networks. For example, positioning based on AI and / or ML can be used. For AI-based positioning, there may be multiple AI models used for positioning, and different AI models are applied to different positioning application scenarios.

[0138] In some embodiments, the AI ​​model may include but is not limited to an AI model, an ML algorithm, an ML model, an AI and ML algorithm, an AI and ML model, etc.

[0139] In some embodiments, for different positioning application scenarios, different data sets are used to train AI models, thereby obtaining different AI models for different positioning application scenarios.

[0140] In some embodiments, different data sets are used to train AI models for different positioning functions, thereby obtaining different AI models for different positioning function applications.

[0141] In some embodiments, the AI ​​model can be deployed on user equipment (UE), base stations or access network equipment, such as the next generation NodeB (gNB) and location management function (LMF). For example, the AI ​​model for positioning can be deployed on UE, gNB and LMF. LMF, UE, and UE's streaming server (over the top server, OTT server) can all operate the AI ​​model. For example, the AI ​​model can be trained, fine-tuned, monitored, and managed. To operate the AI ​​model, the entity operating the AI ​​model needs to collect data, and then use the data to train the AI ​​model or fine-tune the AI ​​model.

[0142] FIG2a is a schematic diagram illustrating an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG2a , the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method for use in a communication system 100, the method comprising:

[0143] Step S2101: The second device 102 sends second information to the first device 101.

[0144] In some embodiments, the first device 101 receives the second information sent by the second device 102 .

[0145] Optionally, the first device 101 may be a terminal, and the second device 102 may be a core network device. For example, the core network device may send the second information to the terminal.

[0146] Optionally, the first device 101 may be a terminal, and the second device 102 may be a base station. For example, the base station may send the second information to the terminal.

[0147] Optionally, the first device 101 may be a core network device, and the second device 102 may be a terminal. For example, the terminal may send the second information to the core network device.

[0148] In some embodiments, the terminal includes at least one of the following: a UE; an OTT server of the UE; and a positioning reference unit (PRU), wherein the PRU can be understood as a special UE.

[0149] In some embodiments, the core network device includes at least one of the following: LMF; access and mobility management function (AMF).

[0150] In some embodiments, the second information is used to request the first device to collect first data. The first data is used to operate the AI ​​model.

[0151] Optionally, the second device is a terminal and the first device is a core network device, that is, the terminal requests the first data from the core network device, and the first data can be used by the second device to operate the AI ​​model, that is, the first data can be used by the terminal to operate the AI ​​model.

[0152] Optionally, the second device is a core network device, and the first device is a terminal, that is, the core network device requests first data from the terminal, and the first data can be used by the second device to operate the AI ​​model, that is, the first data can be used by the core network device to operate the AI ​​model.

[0153] Optionally, the second device is a core network device and the first device is a terminal. That is, the core network device requests the first data from the terminal, and the first data can be used to operate the AI ​​model on other terminals other than the first device. In other words, the core network device can send the first data to other terminals other than the first device for the other terminals to operate the AI ​​model.

[0154] In some embodiments, operating the AI ​​model includes at least one of: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; and managing the AI ​​model.

[0155] In some embodiments, when the AI ​​model is operated to train the AI ​​model, the first data is data used to train the AI ​​model. When the AI ​​model is operated to fine-tune the AI ​​model, the first data is data used to fine-tune the AI ​​model. When the AI ​​model is operated to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, the first data is data used to monitor the AI ​​model. When the AI ​​model is operated to manage the AI ​​model, the first data is data used to manage the AI ​​model, such as activating the AI ​​model, deactivating the AI ​​model, updating the AI ​​model, and switching the AI ​​model. Of course, the first data corresponding to different operations may also be the same, and this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0156] In some embodiments, the second information can also be used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; the type of reference signal measurement result; whether the first data includes terminal location information; whether the first data includes a second quality indication; whether the first data includes a first timestamp; whether the first data includes a second timestamp; the quantity of the first data; the quality of service QoS for collecting the first data; the reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; the scenario for collecting the first data; the positioning technology for collecting the first data; the delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

[0157] Optionally, the second information can be used to indicate the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data. That is, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it indicates the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data. For example, the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data includes at least one of the above examples. For example, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it indicates through the second information that the collected first data is used to train the AI ​​model. The first device can then collect data for training the AI ​​model and send it to the second device for the second device to train the AI ​​model. For another example, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it indicates through the second information that the collected first data is used to fine-tune the AI ​​model and monitor the performance of the AI ​​model. The first device can then collect data for fine-tuning the AI ​​model and monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model and send it to the second device. Of course, the above examples in the present disclosure are merely exemplary and are not limited to this.

[0158] Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate the AI ​​model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data. That is, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it indicates the AI ​​model or AI function that the first data will be used for. For example, if the AI ​​model that the second device needs to operate is X, then when requesting the first device to collect the first data, it may indicate that the AI ​​model used for the first data is X. For another example, if the AI ​​function corresponding to the AI ​​model that the second device needs to operate is Y, then when requesting the first device to collect the first data, it may indicate that the AI ​​function that the first data will be used for is Y. It is understandable that the AI ​​function corresponds to one or more AI models. Among them, the AI ​​function includes at least one of the following: determining whether the path is non-line of sight (NLOS) or line of sight (LOS), for example, determining whether the path in the multipath is LOS or NLOS; determining the terminal position; determining the intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning, such as flight time, reference signal measurement. For example, if the AI ​​function is to determine the terminal position, then one or more AI models can be used to determine the terminal position.

[0159] Optionally, the second information can be used to indicate the type of the reference signal measurement result. That is, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it indicates that the first data includes the reference signal measurement result and indicates the type of the reference signal measurement result. For example, the type of the reference signal measurement result includes the measurement result of the positioning reference signal, such as: reference signal time difference (RSTD); receive-transmit time difference (Rx-Tx time difference); reference signal receiving power (RSRP). In this way, the first device collects the measurement result of the corresponding reference signal according to the instruction of the second device. For example, the first device collects data based on the RSTD of the positioning reference signal according to the instruction of the second device.

[0160] Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate whether the first data includes terminal location information. That is, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it also indicates whether the first data includes terminal location information. Specifically, when the first device is a terminal and the second device is a core network device, the terminal location information may be the location information of the first device. That is, when the core network device requests the terminal to collect the first data, the first data may include the location information of the terminal. When the first device is a core network device and the second device is a terminal, the terminal location information may be the location information of terminals other than the second device. That is, when the terminal requests the core network device to collect the first data, the first data may include the location information of terminals other than the terminal. If the second device indicates that the first data includes terminal information, the first device may send the terminal location information to the second device. For example, when the first device is a terminal and the second device is a core network device, the terminal may send its location information to the core network device so that the core network device can better operate the AI ​​model based on the terminal's location information. If the first device is a core network device and the second device is a terminal, the core network device can send the location information of other terminals except the second device to the second device, so that the second device can better operate the AI ​​model based on the location information of other terminals. If the second device indicates that the first data does not include terminal location information, it can not send the location information to save power.

[0161] Optionally, the second information can be used to indicate whether the first data includes a second quality indication. The second quality indication represents a quality indication of the terminal location information, and is used to indicate the quality (quality) of the terminal location information. For example, the higher the second quality indication, the higher the quality of the terminal location information, that is, it can be considered to be closer to the actual location. The second quality indication can also be understood as the accuracy or precision of the measured terminal location information. That is, the higher the second quality indication, the higher the accuracy of the terminal location information, or the higher the precision of the terminal location information. That is, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it indicates whether the first data includes the second quality indication. For example, if the second device indicates that the first data includes the second quality indication, the first device may send the second quality indication. If the second device indicates that the first data does not include the second quality indication, the first device may not send the second quality indication.

[0162] Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate whether the first data includes a first timestamp. The first timestamp represents the timestamp of the reference signal measurement result, or the first timestamp represents the timestamp of obtaining the first data. A timestamp can be a character sequence that uniquely indicates a specific moment in time. Specifically, the first timestamp represents the time when the reference signal measurement result was obtained, or the first timestamp represents the time when the first data was obtained. Specifically, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it indicates whether the first data includes the first timestamp. If the second device indicates that the first data includes the first timestamp, the first device may record the timestamp, i.e., the first timestamp, when obtaining the reference signal measurement result and send the first timestamp to the second device. Alternatively, the first device may record the timestamp, i.e., the first timestamp, when obtaining the first data and send the first timestamp to the second device. If the second device indicates that the first data does not include the first timestamp, the first device may not record the first timestamp, or may record the first timestamp but not send it to the second device. Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate whether the first data includes a second timestamp. The second timestamp represents the timestamp of the terminal location information. That is, when the second device requests the first device to collect the first data, it also indicates whether the first data includes the second timestamp. If the second device indicates that the first data includes the second timestamp, the first device may record the second timestamp when determining the terminal's location information and send the second timestamp to the first device. If the second device indicates that the first data does not include the second timestamp, the first device may not record the second timestamp when determining the terminal's location information, or may record the second timestamp but not send it to the second device.

[0163] Optionally, the second information can be used to indicate the amount of first data. That is, when the second device requests the first device to collect first data, it also indicates the amount of first data to be collected. This allows the first device to determine the amount of first data to be collected and, when the collected first data meets this amount, send the first data to the second device. The amount of first data can be, for example, the capacity of the first data, or the amount of storage space occupied by the first data, in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes. That is, the second information can indicate the number of bytes of first data to be collected. Assuming A bytes, when the first network element collects A bytes of first data, it can send the first data to the second network element. The first data can include at least one of the following: reference signal measurement results; reference signal configuration information; the number of reference signal transmission points (TRPs); terminal location information; a first quality indicator of the reference signal measurement results; a second quality indicator of the terminal location information; a first timestamp of the reference signal measurement results; or a second timestamp of the terminal location information. Regardless of whether the first data includes one or more of the aforementioned types, the first data can be sent to the second network element as long as the total capacity of the first data reaches the amount of first data indicated by the second information. For example, assuming the second information indicates the amount of first data is A bytes, if the first data includes reference signal measurement results, then the first network element may send the reference signal measurement results to the second network element if the reference signal measurement results collected by the first network element meet the A-byte requirement. For another example, if the first data includes reference signal measurement results and reference signal configuration information, then the reference signal measurement and reference signal configuration information may be sent to the second network element if the total amount of the reference signal measurement results and reference signal configuration information collected by the first network element meets the A-byte requirement. This disclosure does not provide all examples, but is not limited to these. The amount of first data may be the number of first data items. For example, the amount of first data may be the total number of first data items. That is, regardless of the types of first data items mentioned above, as long as the total number meets the amount of first data items indicated by the second information, the first data may be sent to the second network element. For another example, if the first data includes multiple types, the amount of first data may be the number of first data items of each type. That is, the second information may indicate the number of first data items of each type collected. Once all types of first data items have been collected, the first data items are sent to the second network element. For example, the second information may indicate the number of collected reference signal measurement results, assuming it is X, and the number of terminal location information, assuming it is Y. Then, when the number of collected reference signal measurement results meets X and the number of collected terminal location information meets Y, the X reference signal measurement results and the Y terminal location information are sent to the second network element. Of course, the present disclosure uses the example of the first data including the reference signal measurement results and the terminal location information as an example, but is not limited to this.

[0164] Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate the quality of service (QoS) for collecting the first data. The QoS may include transmission bandwidth, transmission latency, packet loss rate, and the like. That is, the second device may indicate the QoS for collecting the first data while requesting the first device to collect the first data. For example, the QoS may include transmission bandwidth, transmission latency, packet loss rate, and the like for collecting the first data.

[0165] Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data. That is, the second device may indicate the reference signal configuration information while requesting the first device to collect the first data. For example, the reference signal may be a positioning reference signal (PRS), including information such as the number of transmission points (TRPs) required to transmit the PRS and the configuration of the transmitted PRS.

[0166] Optionally, the second information can be used to indicate the scenario for collecting the first data. For example, the scenario includes at least one of the following: indoor scene (indoor), outdoor scene (outdoor). Among them, the indoor scene includes at least one of the following: indoor office scene (indoor office), indoor factory scene (indoor factory). That is, the second device can indicate the scenario for collecting the first data while requesting the first device to collect the first data. So that the first device collects the first data in the corresponding scenario, so that the second device can use the first data to better operate the AI ​​model.

[0167] Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate the positioning technology used to collect the first data. For example, the positioning technology includes at least one of the following: radio access technology (RAT)-related positioning technology (dependent positioning); non-radio access technology-related positioning technology (RAT-independent positioning). Among them, RAT-related positioning technologies include, for example, time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning technology, angle of departure (AOD) positioning technology, etc. Non-RAT-related positioning technologies include, for example, wireless networks (wifi), Bluetooth, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), etc.

[0168] Optionally, the second information may be used to indicate a latency between collecting the first data and sending the first data. For example, the latency may be real-time transmission, near real-time transmission, or no latency requirement. Real-time transmission may be understood as sending the first data immediately after collecting the first data. The latency may also be set based on actual circumstances and is not limited in this disclosure.

[0169] In some embodiments, after receiving the second information sent by the second device, the first device may collect the first data and send the first data to the second device, so that the second device can operate the AI ​​model based on the first data, or so that the second device can send the first data to other network elements, so that other network elements can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model and improve communication efficiency. For example, the first device is a terminal and the second device is a core network device. After receiving the second information sent by the core network device, the terminal may collect the first data and send the first data to the core network device. The core network device can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model. The core network device may also send the first data to other terminals other than the first device.

[0170] In some embodiments, when the first data is sent from the first device to the second device, it can be carried by the first information. When the first data is sent from the second device to other terminals other than the first device, it can be carried by the third information.

[0171] In some embodiments, the third information may be used to indicate the content indicated by the first information. For example, the third information may be used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function of the operation corresponding to the first data; the scenario in which the first device collected the first data; or the positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0172] In some embodiments, the name of the second information is not limited, and it can be, for example, "request message", "indication information", etc.

[0173] Step S2102 : The first device 101 sends first data to the second device 102 .

[0174] In some embodiments, the second device 102 receives the first data sent by the first device 101 .

[0175] In some embodiments, the first data is used by the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first data includes at least one of the following: a reference signal measurement result; reference signal configuration information; the number of transmission points TRP of the reference signal; terminal location information; a first quality indication of the reference signal measurement result; a second quality indication of the terminal location information; a first timestamp of the reference signal measurement result; and a second timestamp of the terminal location information.

[0177] Optionally, the first data may include reference signal measurement results. The reference signal measurement results can be used to operate an AI model. For example, the reference signal measurement results may be positioning reference signal measurement results. Positioning reference signal measurement results include RSTD, receive-transmit time difference, RSRP, and the like. For example, RSTD can be used to operate the AI ​​model, for example, by using RSTD as input to the AI ​​model and terminal location information as the output of AI model learning to train the AI ​​model. For another example, RSRP can be used as input to the AI ​​model, and the resulting output can be compared with actual location information to monitor AI model performance. That is, if the error between the output and the actual terminal location information is large, the AI ​​model performance is poor. If the AI ​​model performance falls below a certain threshold, the AI ​​model can be managed, for example, by deactivating an AI model whose performance falls below the threshold. Of course, the above scenario is merely illustrative and not limiting. For example, the first data may also include both RSTD and RSRP, etc., and this disclosure does not provide a comprehensive list of examples.

[0178] Optionally, the first data may include the number of TRPs of the reference signal, that is, the number of TRPs that transmit the reference signal. The number of TRPs may also be the maximum number of TRPs, that is, the maximum number of TRPs that transmit the reference signal.

[0179] Optionally, the first data may include a first quality indicator of the reference signal measurement result. The first quality indicator may indicate the quality of the reference signal measurement result.

[0180] Optionally, the first data may include terminal location information. When the first device is a terminal and the second device is a core network device, the terminal location information may be the location information of the first device. That is, when the terminal sends the first data to the core network device, its location information may be sent to the core network device. When the first device is a core network device and the second device is a terminal, the terminal location information may be the location information of terminals other than the second device. That is, when the core network device sends location information to a terminal, it may also send location information of terminals other than the terminal to the terminal.

[0181] Optionally, the first data may include a second quality indicator of the terminal location information. The second quality indicator may indicate the quality of the terminal location information.

[0182] Optionally, the first data may include a first timestamp. For example, the first timestamp may be a timestamp of a reference signal measurement result or a first timestamp when the first data is acquired. For example, when the second information indicates that the first data includes the first timestamp, the first data may include the first timestamp. For another example, when the second information does not indicate whether the first data includes the first timestamp, the first device may determine whether the first data includes the first timestamp.

[0183] Optionally, the first data may include a second timestamp of the terminal location information. For example, when the second information indicates that the first data includes a second timestamp, the first data may include the second timestamp. For another example, when the second information does not indicate whether the first data includes the second timestamp, the first device may determine whether the first data includes the second timestamp.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first data may be carried by the first information, that is, the first device may send the first data by sending the first information.

[0185] In some embodiments, when the core network device is a LMF, the first information and the second information may be messages related to the Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol (LPP).

[0186] In some embodiments, when the core network device is an AMF, the first information and the second information may be non-access stratum (NAS) messages.

[0187] In some embodiments, when the first device is an LMF and the second device is a terminal, the first information may be an LPP provide assistance data message, and the second information may be an LPP assistance information request message.

[0188] In some embodiments, when the first device is a terminal and the second device is an LMF, the first information may be an LPP provide location information message, and the second information may be an LPP location information request message.

[0189] In some embodiments, the first information is also used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; the scenario in which the first device collects the first data; and the positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0190] Optionally, the first information may be used to indicate an operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data. For example, the first information may be used to indicate that the operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data includes at least one of the following: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; or managing the AI ​​model.

[0191] Optionally, the first information may be used to indicate an AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data. For example, the AI ​​function may include at least one of the following: determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication; determining the terminal location; or determining an intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning. The first information indicates that the second device is operating an AI model or AI function corresponding to the first data. If there are multiple AI models or AI functions to be operated, the second device can use the first data to operate the corresponding AI model or AI function.

[0192] Optionally, the first information can be used to indicate a scenario for collecting the first data. For example, the scenario includes at least one of the following: an indoor scene, an outdoor scene. Among them, the indoor scene can include at least one of the following: an indoor office scene, an indoor factory scene. The first information indicates the scenario for collecting the first data, so as to inform the second device of the scenario for collecting the first data. For example, when the second device requests to collect the first data, it does not indicate the scenario for collecting the first data. After collecting the data, the first device can inform the second device of the scenario for collecting the first data through the first information. For another example, when the second device indicates the scenario for collecting the first data when requesting to collect the first data, but the scenario cannot collect the first data, the first device collects the first data through other alternative scenarios, and informs the second device of the scenario for collecting the first data through the first information.

[0193] Optionally, the first information can be used to indicate the positioning technology for collecting the first data. For example, the positioning technology includes at least one of the following: RAT-related positioning technology; non-RAT-related positioning technology. The first device can indicate the positioning technology for collecting the first data while sending the first data. For example, if the second device does not indicate the positioning technology when requesting to collect the first data, the first device can indicate the positioning technology through the first information while sending the first data. For another example, if the second device indicates the positioning technology when requesting to collect the first data, but the first data cannot be collected under the changed positioning technology, the first device can collect the first data through other positioning technologies, and indicate the positioning technology for collecting the first data while sending the first data.

[0194] In some embodiments, the scene for collecting the first data indicated by the first information, and / or the scene for collecting the first data indicated by the second information, includes at least one of the following: indoor scene, outdoor scene

[0195] In some embodiments, the positioning technology for collecting the first data indicated by the first information, and / or the positioning technology for collecting the first data of the mobile phone indicated by the second information, includes at least one of the following: RAT-related positioning technology and non-RAT-related positioning technology.

[0196] In some embodiments, the AI ​​function of the second device operation corresponding to the first data indicated by the first information, and / or the AI ​​function of the second device operation corresponding to the first data indicated by the second information, includes at least one of the following: determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication; determining the terminal position; determining the intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning.

[0197] In some embodiments, intermediate quantities used for terminal positioning may include, for example, flight time, measurement quantities of positioning reference signals, such as RSTD (reference signal time difference), Rx-Tx time difference (receive-transmit time difference), angle, RSRP (reference signal received power), RSRPP (reference signal received path power), and multipath line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight indicators. Flight time may represent the time it takes for a signal to travel from a transmitter to a receiver.

[0198] In some embodiments, the second device may operate the AI ​​model based on the first data.

[0199] In some embodiments, the name of the second information is not limited, and it can be, for example, "configuration information", "instruction information", etc.

[0200] In step S2103 , the second device 102 operates the AI ​​model using the first data.

[0201] In some embodiments, the second device 102 can operate the AI ​​model using the first data received from the first device 101.

[0202] In some embodiments, operations on the AI ​​model may include at least one of the following: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; and managing the AI ​​model.

[0203] In some embodiments, taking the first device as a terminal and the second device as a core network device as an example, it is assumed that the terminal sends first data to the core network device. The core network device can train an AI model based on the first data. Alternatively, the core network device can use the first data to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model and determine, based on the monitoring results, that the AI ​​model is not suitable for the terminal. Alternatively, the core network device can use the first data to manage the AI ​​model on the terminal side, for example, to activate, deactivate, or switch the AI ​​model. Alternatively, the core network device can instruct the terminal to fine-tune or update the AI ​​model, etc. Of course, the above situations are only exemplary, and this disclosure does not give examples one by one, but is not limited to this.

[0204] In some embodiments, terms such as "send", "transmit", "report", "download", "transmit", "bidirectional transmission", "send and / or receive" can be used interchangeably.

[0205] In some embodiments, "obtain", "get", "get", "receive", "transmit", "bidirectional transmission", "send and / or receive" can be interchangeable, and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, obtaining from protocols, obtaining from higher layers, obtaining by self-processing, autonomous implementation, etc.

[0206] In some embodiments, the names of information, etc. are not limited to the names described in the embodiments, and terms such as "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", "field", "symbol", "symbol", "codeword", "codebook", "codeword", "codepoint", "bit", "data", "program", etc. can be used interchangeably.

[0207] The communication method involved in the embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2103. For example, step S2102 may be implemented as an independent embodiment, but is not limited thereto.

[0208] In some embodiments, step S2101 and step S2103 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or replaced in different embodiments.

[0209] In some embodiments, reference may be made to other optional implementations described before or after the description corresponding to FIG. 2 .

[0210] In some embodiments, the first device 101 may be a terminal, and the second device 102 may be a core network device.

[0211] FIG2b is a schematic diagram illustrating an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG2b , the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method for use in a communication system 200, the method comprising:

[0212] Step S2201: The core network device 202 sends second information to the terminal 201.

[0213] The optional implementation of step S2201 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0214] Step S2202 , the terminal 201 sends first data to the core network device 202 .

[0215] The optional implementation of step S2202 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0216] In step S2203, the core network device 202 operates the AI ​​model using the first data.

[0217] The optional implementation of step S2203 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2103 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0218] Figure 2c is a schematic diagram illustrating an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2c, the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method for a communication system 300, the method comprising:

[0219] Step S2301: Terminal 302 sends second information to core network device 301.

[0220] The optional implementation of step S2301 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0221] Step S2302 : The core network device 301 sends first data to the terminal 302 .

[0222] The optional implementation of step S2302 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0223] In step S2303, the terminal 302 operates the AI ​​model using the first data.

[0224] The optional implementation of step S2303 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2103 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0225] FIG2d is a schematic diagram illustrating an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG2d , the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method for use in a communication system 400, the method comprising:

[0226] Step S2401 : The second device 402 sends second information to the first device 401 .

[0227] The optional implementation of step S2401 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0228] Step S2402 : The first device 401 sends first data to the second device 402 .

[0229] The optional implementation of step S2402 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0230] In step S2403 , the second device 402 sends the first data to the third device 403 .

[0231] In some embodiments, the third device 403 may be another network element other than the first device 401 and the second device 402 .

[0232] For example, first device 401 may be a terminal, and second device 402 may be a core network device. Third device 403 may be another terminal other than the first device. The core network device may request the terminal to collect first data. The core network device obtains the first data sent by the terminal and sends the first data to other terminals so that the other terminals can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0233] For another example, the first device 401 may be a terminal, and the second device 402 may be a core network device. The third device 403 may be another core network device other than the second device, such as an AMF or a network data analytics function (NWDAF). The core network device may request the terminal to collect the first data. The core network device obtains the first data sent by the terminal and sends the first data to other core network devices so that the other core network devices can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0234] In some embodiments, the first data sent by the second device to the third device may be carried by third information.

[0235] In some embodiments, the third information may be used to indicate the content indicated by the first information. For example, the third information may be used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function of the operation corresponding to the first data; the scenario in which the first device collected the first data; or the positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0236] In some embodiments, the third information may also be used to indicate a third timestamp. The third timestamp indicates the time when the second device acquires the first data, so that other terminals can better utilize the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0237] In step S2404, the third device 403 operates the AI ​​model using the first data.

[0238] In some embodiments, the third device 403 can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model. For example, the AI ​​model can be trained, fine-tuned, monitored, and managed. For specific implementations, please refer to the optional implementation of step S2103 and other related parts of the embodiment involved in FIG2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0239] Figure 2e is a schematic diagram illustrating an interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2e, the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method for a communication system 500, the method comprising:

[0240] Step S2501: The core network device 502 sends second information to the terminal 501.

[0241] The optional implementation of step S2501 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0242] Step S2502 , the terminal 501 sends first data to the core network device 502 .

[0243] The optional implementation of step S2502 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0244] Step S2503 : The core network device 502 sends the first data to the terminal 503 .

[0245] In some embodiments, terminal 503 may be a terminal other than terminal 501. Core network device 502 may request terminal 501 to collect first data. Core network device 502 obtains the first data sent by terminal 501 and sends the first data to a terminal other than terminal 501, namely, terminal 503, so that the other terminal can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0246] In some embodiments, the first data sent by the second device to the third device may be carried by third information.

[0247] In some embodiments, the third information may be used to indicate the content indicated by the first information. For example, the third information may be used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function of the operation corresponding to the first data; the scenario in which the first device collected the first data; or the positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0248] In some embodiments, the third information may also be used to indicate a third timestamp. The third timestamp indicates the time when the second device acquires the first data, so that other terminals can better utilize the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0249] In step S2504, the terminal 503 operates the AI ​​model using the first data.

[0250] In some embodiments, the terminal 503 can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model. For example, the AI ​​model can be trained, fine-tuned, the performance of the AI ​​model can be monitored, the AI ​​model can be managed, etc. The specific implementation method can refer to the optional implementation method of step S2103 and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here. Figure 2f is a schematic diagram of an interaction method of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2f, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method for use in a communication system 600, and the above method includes:

[0251] Step S2601: The core network device 602 sends second information to the terminal 601.

[0252] The optional implementation of step S2601 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0253] Step S2602 , the terminal 601 sends first data to the core network device 602 .

[0254] The optional implementation of step S2602 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0255] In step S2603 , the core network device 602 sends the first data to the core network device 603 .

[0256] In some embodiments, core network device 603 may be another core network device other than core network device 602. Core network device 602 may request terminal 601 to collect first data. Core network device 602 obtains the first data and sends the first data to another core network device, namely, core network device 603, so that the other core network device can use the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first data sent by the second device to the third device may be carried by third information.

[0258] In some embodiments, the third information may be used to indicate the content indicated by the first information. For example, the third information may be used to indicate at least one of the following: the operation performed on the AI ​​model corresponding to the first data; the AI ​​model or AI function of the operation corresponding to the first data; the scenario in which the first device collected the first data; or the positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0259] In step S2604, the core network device 603 operates the AI ​​model using the first data.

[0260] In some embodiments, the core network device 603 may use the first data to operate the AI ​​model. For example, the AI ​​model may be trained, fine-tuned, monitored, and managed. For specific implementations, reference may be made to the optional implementation of step S2103 and other related portions of the embodiment described in FIG. 2a , which will not be further described here.

[0261] Figure 3a is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3a, the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method, which is executed by a first device 101 or a first device 401. The first device 101 is, for example, a terminal 201 or a core network device 301. The first device 401 is, for example, a terminal 501. For example, the method executed by the terminal 201 or the core network device 301 includes:

[0262] Step S3101, obtain second information.

[0263] The optional implementation of step S3101 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0264] In some embodiments, the first device 101 receives the second information sent by the second device 102, but is not limited thereto and may also receive the second information sent by other entities.

[0265] In some embodiments, the first device 101 obtains second information specified by the protocol.

[0266] In some embodiments, the first device 101 obtains the second information from an upper layer(s).

[0267] In some embodiments, the first device 101 performs processing to obtain the second information.

[0268] In some embodiments, step S3101 is omitted, and the first device 101 autonomously implements the function indicated by the second information, or the above function is default or by default.

[0269] Step S3102, sending first data.

[0270] The optional implementation of step S3102 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0271] In some embodiments, the first device 101 sends the first data to the second device 102 , but is not limited thereto. The first data may also be sent to other entities.

[0272] Figure 3b is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3b, the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method, which is executed by a first device 101 or a first device 401. The first device 101 is, for example, a terminal 201 or a core network device 301. The first device 401 is, for example, a terminal 501. The method includes:

[0273] Step S3201, sending first data.

[0274] The optional implementation of step S3201 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0275] In some embodiments, the first device 101 sends the first data to the second device 102 , but is not limited thereto. The first data may also be sent to other entities.

[0276] In some embodiments, operating the AI ​​model includes at least one of: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; and managing the AI ​​model.

[0277] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal and the second device is a core network device. Alternatively, the first device is a core network device and the second device is a terminal.

[0278] In some embodiments, the terminal includes at least one of the following: a user equipment (UE), an OTT server of the UE, and a positioning reference unit (PRU).

[0279] In some embodiments, the core network device includes at least one of the following: a location management function LMF and an access management function AMF.

[0280] In some embodiments, the first data includes at least one of the following: a reference signal measurement result; reference signal configuration information; the number of transmission points (TRPs) of the reference signal; terminal location information; a first quality indicator of the reference signal measurement result; a second quality indicator of the terminal location information; a first timestamp of the reference signal measurement result; and a second timestamp of the terminal location information.

[0281] In some embodiments, the first data is carried by the first data, and the first data is further used to indicate at least one of the following: an operation performed on an AI model by a second device corresponding to the first data; an AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; a scenario in which the first device collects the first data; and a positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0282] In some embodiments, the scene in which the first data is collected includes at least one of the following: an indoor scene or an outdoor scene.

[0283] In some embodiments, the positioning technology includes at least one of the following: a positioning technology related to a radio access technology (RAT) or a positioning technology not related to a RAT.

[0284] In some embodiments, the method further includes: the first device receiving second information sent by the second device, where the second information is used to request the first device to collect the first data.

[0285] In some embodiments, the second information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: an operation performed on an AI model by the second device corresponding to the first data; an AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; a type of reference signal measurement result; whether the first data includes terminal location information; whether the first data includes a second quality indication; whether the first data includes a first timestamp; whether the first data includes a second timestamp; the amount of first data; quality of service (QoS) for collecting the first data; reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; a scenario for collecting the first data; a positioning technology for collecting the first data; and a delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

[0286] In some embodiments, the type of the reference signal measurement result includes at least one of the following: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Receive Transmit Time Difference (RTD), and Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP).

[0287] In some embodiments, the AI ​​functionality includes at least one of: determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication, determining a terminal location, or determining an intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning.

[0288] In some embodiments, the first device is a core network device, the second device is a terminal, the core network device is an LMF, the first data is a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol LPP providing assistance data message, and the second information is an LPP assistance request message.

[0289] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal, the second device is a core network device, the core network device is an LMF, the first data is an LPP location information provision message, and the second information is an LPP location information request message.

[0290] FIG4a is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG4a, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which is executed by the second device 102, for example, by the core network device 202, or by the terminal 302. The method includes:

[0291] Step S4101, sending the second information.

[0292] The optional implementation of step S4101 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0293] In some embodiments, the second device 102 sends the second information to the first device 101 , but is not limited thereto and the second information may also be sent to other entities.

[0294] Step S4102, obtaining first data.

[0295] The optional implementation of step S4102 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0296] In some embodiments, the second device 102 receives the first data sent by the first device 101, but is not limited thereto and may also receive the first data sent by other entities.

[0297] In some embodiments, the second device 102 obtains first data specified by the protocol.

[0298] In some embodiments, the second device 102 obtains the first data from an upper layer(s).

[0299] In some embodiments, the second device 102 performs processing to obtain the first data.

[0300] In some embodiments, step S4102 is omitted, and the second device 102 autonomously implements the function indicated by the first data, or the above function is default or by default.

[0301] Step S4103: Use the first data to operate the AI ​​model.

[0302] The optional implementation of step S4103 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2103 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0303] FIG4b is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG4b, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which is executed by a second device 402, for example, a core network device 502. The method includes:

[0304] Step S4201, sending the second information.

[0305] The optional implementation of step S4201 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0306] In some embodiments, the second device 402 sends the second information to the first device 401 , but is not limited thereto and the second information may also be sent to other entities.

[0307] Step S4202, obtaining first data.

[0308] The optional implementation of step S4202 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0309] In some embodiments, the second device 402 receives the first data sent by the first device 401 , but is not limited thereto and may also receive the first data sent by other entities.

[0310] In some embodiments, the second device 402 obtains first data specified by the protocol.

[0311] In some embodiments, the second device 402 obtains the first data from an upper layer(s).

[0312] In some embodiments, the second device 402 performs processing to obtain the first data.

[0313] In some embodiments, step S4202 is omitted, and the second device 402 autonomously implements the function indicated by the first data, or the above function is default or by default.

[0314] Step S4203: Send the first data.

[0315] The optional implementation of step S4203 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2403 in Figure 2d and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2d, which will not be repeated here.

[0316] In some embodiments, the second device 402 sends the first data to the third device 403 , but is not limited thereto and the first data may also be sent to other entities.

[0317] In some embodiments, the third device 403 may be a terminal 503 or a core network device 603 .

[0318] Figure 4c is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4c, the present disclosure embodiment relates to a communication method, which is performed by a second device 102 or a second device 402. The second device 102 is, for example, a core network device 202 or a terminal 302. The second device 402 can be, for example, 502. The above method includes:

[0319] Step S4301, obtaining first data.

[0320] The optional implementation of step S4301 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2a, which will not be repeated here.

[0321] In some embodiments, the second device 102 receives the first data sent by the first device 101, but is not limited thereto and may also receive the first data sent by other entities.

[0322] In some embodiments, the second device 102 obtains first data specified by the protocol.

[0323] In some embodiments, the second device 102 obtains the first data from an upper layer(s).

[0324] In some embodiments, the second device 102 performs processing to obtain the first data.

[0325] In some embodiments, step S4201 is omitted, and the second device 102 autonomously implements the function indicated by the first data, or the above function is default or by default.

[0326] FIG5 is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG5 , the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method, and the method includes:

[0327] Step S5101: The first device sends first data to the second device.

[0328] The optional implementation of step S5101 can be found in S2102 of FIG. 2 a and other related parts of the embodiment involved in FIG. 2 a , which will not be described in detail here.

[0329] In some embodiments, the above method may include the method of the above embodiments related to the communication system 100, the first device 101, the second device 102, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0330] Step S5102: The second device receives the first data.

[0331] Optional implementations of step S5102 may refer to S2102 in FIG. 2 a and other related parts in the embodiment involved in FIG. 2 a , which will not be described in detail here.

[0332] In some embodiments, the above method may include the method of the above embodiments related to the communication system 100, the first device 101, the second device 102, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0333] The present disclosure also provides a data collection method as follows:

[0334] In one embodiment, the data collection method may be a communication method. The data collection method may be used by a UE, a UE server, a PRU, or a LMF to train or fine-tune an AI model, monitor AI model performance, or manage an AI model.

[0335] In some embodiments, UE data collection includes the UE sending a data collection request to the LMF, requesting the LMF to provide the UE with the data required by the UE for training or fine-tuning the AI ​​model.

[0336] In some embodiments, the request message is sent via an LPP message, for example, the request is sent via an LPP assistance information request.

[0337] In some embodiments, the UE sending the data collection request to the LMF includes one of the following:

[0338] The purpose of data collection, such as training AI models, fine-tuning AI models, monitoring AI model performance, and managing AI models;

[0339] AI model or AI function indication, indicating the AI ​​model or AI function for which the collected data is used; for example, the AI ​​function is to determine Nlos / Los, determine the UE position, or determine an intermediate quantity for UE positioning;

[0340] The type of measurement information collected, such as RSTD, Rx-Tx time difference, RSRP, etc.

[0341] Whether to collect location coordinates;

[0342] whether to collect quality indicators corresponding to location coordinates;

[0343] Whether the timestamp corresponding to the data sample is required;

[0344] the amount of data collected;

[0345] QoS of collected data;

[0346] The positioning reference signal configuration information corresponding to the data collection; for example, how many TRPs need to send PRS and the PRS configuration information to be sent;

[0347] Application scenarios for collecting data, such as indoor, outdoor, indoor office, and indoor factory;

[0348] The positioning technology used to collect data, such as RAT-dependent positioning, such as TDOA, AoD, etc. RAT-independent positioning, such as Wi-Fi, bulb teeth, GNSS, etc.;

[0349] The latency requirements of the collected data. For example, the latency requirements can be real-time, (Near) real-time, and no latency requirement.

[0350] In some embodiments, the data may be first data, and the purpose of data collection may be an operation performed on the AI ​​model by the second device corresponding to the first data.

[0351] In some embodiments, the AI ​​model or AI function indication may be the AI ​​model or AI function of the second device operation corresponding to the first data.

[0352] In some embodiments, the measurement information may be reference signal measurement information.

[0353] In some embodiments, the location coordinates may be terminal location information.

[0354] In some embodiments, application scenario and scenario have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0355] In some embodiments, the latency requirement of the collected data may be the delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

[0356] In some embodiments, the LMF provides data requested by the UE, and the requested data can be sent via an LPP message, LPP provide assistance data.

[0357] In some embodiments, the LMF, when providing data, indicates one of the following:

[0358] The purpose of data application, such as training AI models, fine-tuning AI models, monitoring AI model performance, and managing AI models;

[0359] AI model or AI function indication, indicating the AI ​​model or AI function used by the data; for example, the AI ​​function is to determine Nlos / Los, determine the UE position, and determine the intermediate quantity used for UE positioning;

[0360] The data includes one of the following:

[0361] Measurement results;

[0362] Location information;

[0363] Measurement results or location information quality indication, timestamp;

[0364] Positioning reference signal configuration information corresponding to the data; for example, how many TRPs need to send PRS and the PRS configuration information to be sent;

[0365] Data collection scenarios, such as indoor, outdoor, indoor office, and indoor factory;

[0366] Positioning technology used for data collection, such as RAT-dependent positioning (TDOA, AoD, etc.) and RAT-independent positioning (wifi, bulbs, GNSS, etc.).

[0367] In some embodiments, the location information may be terminal location information.

[0368] In some embodiments, LMF data collection includes the LMF sending a data collection request to the UE, requesting the UE to provide the LMF with the data required by the LMF for training or fine-tuning the AI ​​model.

[0369] In some embodiments, the request message is sent via an LPP message, for example, the request is sent via an LPP location information request.

[0370] In some embodiments, the LMF sending the data collection request to the UE includes one of the following:

[0371] The type of measurement information collected, such as RSTD, Rx-Tx time difference, RSRP, etc.

[0372] Whether to collect location coordinates;

[0373] whether to collect quality indicators corresponding to location coordinates;

[0374] Whether a timestamp corresponding to the data is required, for example, a timestamp corresponding to measurement information or UE location;

[0375] the amount of data collected;

[0376] QoS of collected data;

[0377] The positioning technology used to collect data, such as RAT-dependent positioning (TDOA, AoD, etc.) and RAT-independent positioning (wifi, bulbs, GNSS, etc.);

[0378] The latency requirements of the collected data, for example, the latency requirements can be real-time, (Near) real-time, and no latency requirement;

[0379] The number or maximum number of TRPs measured by the UE when collecting data;

[0380] The time window for collecting data, such as collecting data within a certain period of time;

[0381] Scenarios for collecting data, such as indoor offices and indoor factories.

[0382] In some embodiments, the UE provides data requested by the LMF, and the requested data may be sent via an LPP message, where the LPP provides location information.

[0383] In some embodiments, when providing data, the UE indicates one of the following:

[0384] The data includes one of the following:

[0385] Measurement results;

[0386] Location information;

[0387] Measurement results or location information quality indication, timestamp;

[0388] The positioning reference signal configuration information corresponding to the data collection; for example, how many TRPs need to send PRS and the PRS configuration information to be sent;

[0389] Data collection scenarios, such as indoor, outdoor, indoor office, and indoor factory;

[0390] The positioning technology used to collect data, such as RAT-dependent positioning (TDOA, AoD, etc.) and RAT-independent positioning (wifi, bulbs, GNSS, etc.);

[0391] The time window for data collection.

[0392] In some embodiments, the time window for data collection may be the first timestamp and / or the second timestamp.

[0393] Figure 6a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6a, terminal 6100 may include a transceiver module 6101. Transceiver module 6101 is configured to send first data to a core network device, or to receive first data sent by a core network device, where the first data is used by a second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0394] In some embodiments, the terminal 6100 may further include a processing module 6102 for operating the AI ​​model using the first data.

[0395] In some embodiments, operating the AI ​​model includes at least one of: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; and managing the AI ​​model.

[0396] In some embodiments, the terminal is the first device and the core network device is the second device. Alternatively, the core network device is the first device and the terminal is the second device.

[0397] In some embodiments, the terminal includes at least one of the following: a user equipment (UE), an OTT server of the UE, and a positioning reference unit (PRU).

[0398] In some embodiments, the core network device includes at least one of the following: a location management function LMF and an access management function AMF.

[0399] In some embodiments, the first data includes at least one of the following: a reference signal measurement result; reference signal configuration information; the number of transmission points (TRPs) of the reference signal; terminal location information; a first quality indicator of the reference signal measurement result; a second quality indicator of the terminal location information; a first timestamp of the reference signal measurement result; and a second timestamp of the terminal location information.

[0400] In some embodiments, the first data is carried by first information, and the first information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: an operation performed on an AI model by a second device corresponding to the first data; an AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; a scenario in which the first device collected the first data; and a positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0401] In some embodiments, the scene in which the first data is collected includes at least one of the following: an indoor scene or an outdoor scene.

[0402] In some embodiments, the positioning technology includes at least one of the following: a positioning technology related to a radio access technology (RAT) or a positioning technology not related to a RAT.

[0403] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 6101 is further used to: receive second information sent by the core network device, or send second information to the core network device, where the second information is used to request collection of first data.

[0404] In some embodiments, the second information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: an operation performed on an AI model by the second device corresponding to the first data; an AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; a type of reference signal measurement result; whether the first data includes terminal location information; whether the first data includes a second quality indication; whether the first data includes a first timestamp; whether the first data includes a second timestamp; the amount of first data; quality of service (QoS) for collecting the first data; reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; a scenario for collecting the first data; a positioning technology for collecting the first data; and a delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

[0405] In some embodiments, the type of the reference signal measurement result includes at least one of the following: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Receive Transmit Time Difference (RTD), and Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP).

[0406] In some embodiments, the AI ​​functionality includes at least one of: determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication, determining a terminal location, or determining an intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning.

[0407] In some embodiments, the first device is a core network device, the second device is a terminal, the core network device is an LMF, the first information is a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol LPP providing assistance data message, and the second information is an LPP assistance request message.

[0408] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal, the second device is a core network device, the core network device is an LMF, the first information is an LPP location information provision message, and the second information is an LPP location information request message.

[0409] Figure 6b is a schematic diagram of the structure of a core network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6b, network device 6200 may include a transceiver module 6201. Transceiver module 6201 is configured to receive first data sent by a terminal, or to send first data to a terminal, the first data being used by the core network device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

[0410] In some embodiments, operating the AI ​​model includes at least one of: training the AI ​​model; fine-tuning the AI ​​model; monitoring the performance of the AI ​​model; and managing the AI ​​model.

[0411] In some embodiments, the terminal is the first device and the core network device is the second device. Alternatively, the core network device is the first device and the terminal is the second device.

[0412] In some embodiments, the terminal includes at least one of the following: a user equipment (UE), an OTT server of the UE, and a positioning reference unit (PRU).

[0413] In some embodiments, the core network device includes at least one of the following: a location management function LMF and an access management function AMF.

[0414] In some embodiments, the first data includes at least one of the following: a reference signal measurement result; reference signal configuration information; the number of transmission points (TRPs) of the reference signal; terminal location information; a first quality indicator of the reference signal measurement result; a second quality indicator of the terminal location information; a first timestamp of the reference signal measurement result; and a second timestamp of the terminal location information.

[0415] In some embodiments, the first data is carried by first information, and the first information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: an operation performed on an AI model by a second device corresponding to the first data; an AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; a scenario in which the first device collected the first data; and a positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

[0416] In some embodiments, the scene in which the first data is collected includes at least one of the following: an indoor scene or an outdoor scene.

[0417] In some embodiments, the positioning technology includes at least one of the following: a positioning technology related to a radio access technology (RAT) or a positioning technology not related to a RAT.

[0418] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 6201 is further used for: the second device sends second information to the first device, where the second information is used to request the first device to collect the first data.

[0419] In some embodiments, the second information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: an operation performed on an AI model by the second device corresponding to the first data; an AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; a type of reference signal measurement result; whether the first data includes terminal location information; whether the first data includes a second quality indication; whether the first data includes a first timestamp; whether the first data includes a second timestamp; the amount of first data; quality of service (QoS) for collecting the first data; reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; a scenario for collecting the first data; a positioning technology for collecting the first data; and a delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

[0420] In some embodiments, the type of the positioning reference signal measurement result includes at least one of the following: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD), Receive Transmit Time Difference (RTD), and Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP).

[0421] In some embodiments, the AI ​​functionality includes at least one of: determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication, determining a terminal location, or determining an intermediate quantity used for terminal positioning.

[0422] In some embodiments, the first device is a core network device, the second device is a terminal, the core network device is an LMF, the first information is a Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol LPP providing assistance data message, and the second information is an LPP assistance request message.

[0423] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal, the second device is a core network device, the core network device is an LMF, the first information is an LPP location information provision message, and the second information is an LPP location information request message.

[0424] In some embodiments, the network device 6200 may further include a processing module 6202 for operating the first data using the first data.

[0425] Figure 7a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 7100 proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Communication device 7100 can be a network device, a terminal, a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports a network device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports a terminal in implementing any of the above methods. Optionally, the network device can be an access network device, a core network device, or the like. Optionally, the terminal can be a user equipment, or the like. Communication device 7100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. For details, please refer to the description of the above method embodiments.

[0426] As shown in Figure 7a, communication device 7100 includes one or more processors 7101. Processor 7101 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, for example, a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device, execute programs, and process program data. Communication device 7100 is used to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the communication device can be a base station, a baseband chip, a terminal device, a terminal device chip, a DU or CU, etc.

[0427] In some embodiments, the communication device 7100 further includes one or more memories 7102 for storing instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 7102 may be located outside the communication device 7100.

[0428] In some embodiments, the communication device 7100 further includes one or more transceivers 7103. When the communication device 7100 includes one or more transceivers 7103, the transceiver 7103 performs the communication step S2101 such as sending and / or receiving in the above method, and the processor 7101 performs other steps.

[0429] In some embodiments, a transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter. The receiver and transmitter may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, and transceiver circuit may be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, and transmitting circuit may be used interchangeably; and the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, and receiving circuit may be used interchangeably.

[0430] In some embodiments, the communication device 7100 may include one or more interface circuits 7104. Optionally, the interface circuit 7104 is connected to the memory 7102. The interface circuit 7104 may be configured to receive signals from the memory 7102 or other devices, and may be configured to send signals to the memory 7102 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 7104 may read instructions stored in the memory 7102 and send the instructions to the processor 7101.

[0431] The communication device 7100 described in the above embodiment may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 7100 described in the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 7100 may not be limited by FIG. 7a. The communication device may be an independent device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: 1) an independent integrated circuit IC, or a chip, or a chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the above IC collection may also include a storage component for storing data or programs; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, a terminal device, an intelligent terminal device, a cellular phone, a wireless device, a handheld device, a mobile unit, an in-vehicle device, a network device, a cloud device, an artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0432] FIG7 b is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip 7200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. If the communication device 7100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of the structure of the chip 7200 shown in FIG7 b , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0433] The chip 7200 includes one or more processors 7201 , and the chip 7200 is configured to execute any of the above methods.

[0434] In some embodiments, the chip 7200 further includes one or more interface circuits 7202. Optionally, the interface circuit 7202 is connected to the memory 7203. The interface circuit 7202 can be used to receive signals from the memory 7203 or other devices, and can be used to send signals to the memory 7203 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 7202 can read instructions stored in the memory 7203 and send the instructions to the processor 7201.

[0435] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 7202 executes the communication step S2101 of sending and / or receiving in the above method, and the processor 7201 executes other steps.

[0436] In some embodiments, terms such as interface circuit, interface, transceiver pin, and transceiver may be used interchangeably.

[0437] In some embodiments, the chip 7200 further includes one or more memories 7203 for storing instructions. Alternatively, all or part of the memories 7203 may be located outside the chip 7200.

[0438] The present disclosure also proposes a storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are executed on the communication device 7100, the communication device 7100 executes any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but is not limited thereto and may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but is not limited thereto and may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0439] The present disclosure also provides a program product, which, when executed by the communication device 7100, enables the communication device 7100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product.

[0440] The present disclosure also proposes a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform any one of the above methods.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: A first device sends first data to a second device, where the first data is used for the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Operating the AI model includes at least one of the following: Training the AI model; Fine-tuning the AI model; Monitoring the performance of the AI model; Managing the AI model.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first device is a terminal and the second device is a core network device; or, The first device is a core network device and the second device is a terminal.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The terminal includes at least one of the following: A user equipment (UE); An over-the-top (OTT) server of the UE; A positioning reference unit (PRU).

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The core network device includes at least one of the following: A positioning management function (LMF); An access management function (AMF).

6. The method according to any one of claims 3, characterized in that, The first data includes at least one of the following: Reference signal measurement results; Reference signal configuration information; The number of transmission and reception points (TRPs) of the reference signal; Terminal location information; A first quality indication of the reference signal measurement results; A second quality indication of the terminal location information; A first timestamp of the reference signal measurement results; A second timestamp of the terminal location information.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first data is carried by first information, and the first information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: The operation of the AI model by the second device corresponding to the first data; The AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; The scenario where the first device collects the first data; The positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein The scenario where the first data is collected includes at least one of the following: An indoor scenario; An outdoor scenario.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positioning technology includes at least one of the following: A positioning technology related to a radio access technology (RAT); A positioning technology not related to RAT.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The first device receives second information sent by the second device, where the second information is used to request the first device to collect the first data.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: The operation of the AI model by the second device corresponding to the first data; The AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; The type of the reference signal measurement results; Whether the first data includes the terminal location information; Whether the first data includes the second quality indication; Whether the first data includes the first timestamp; Whether the first data includes the second timestamp; The quantity of the first data; The quality of service (QoS) for collecting the first data; The reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; The scenario where the first data is collected; The positioning technology for collecting the first data; The time delay between collecting the first data and sending the first data.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The type of the reference signal measurement results includes at least one of the following: Reference signal time difference (RSTD); Time difference of arrival and departure; Reference signal received power (RSRP).

13. The method according to claim 7 or 11, characterized in that, The AI function includes at least one of the following: Determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication; Determining the terminal location; Determining an intermediate quantity for terminal positioning.

14. The method according to claim 5, wherein The first device is a core network device, the second device is a terminal, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is an auxiliary data message provided by the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol LPP, and the second information is an LPP auxiliary request message.

15. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first device is a terminal, the second device is a core network device, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is an LPP-provided location information message, and the second information is an LPP location information request message.

16. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: The second device receives first data sent by the first device, where the first data is used for the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein Operating the AI model includes at least one of the following: Training the AI model; Fine-tuning the AI model; Monitoring the performance of the AI model; Managing the AI model.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The first device is a terminal and the second device is a core network device; or, The first device is a core network device and the second device is a terminal.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein The terminal includes at least one of the following: A user equipment (UE); An over-the-top (OTT) server of the UE; A positioning reference unit (PRU).

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein The core network device includes at least one of the following: A positioning management function (LMF); An access management function (AMF).

21. The method according to any one of claims 18, characterized in that, The first data includes at least one of the following: Positioning reference signal measurement results; Reference signal configuration information; The number of transmission and reception points (TRPs) of the reference signal; Terminal location information; A first quality indication of the reference signal measurement results; A second quality indication of the terminal location information; A first timestamp of the reference signal measurement results; A second timestamp of the terminal location information.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein The first data is carried by first information, and the first information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: The operation of the AI model by the second device corresponding to the first data; The AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; The scenario in which the first device collects the first data; The positioning technology used by the first device to collect the first data.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein The scenario for collecting the first data includes at least one of the following: An indoor scenario; An outdoor scenario.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein The positioning technology includes at least one of the following: Positioning technologies related to radio access technology (RAT); Positioning technologies not related to RAT.

25. The method according to claim 22, wherein The method further includes: The second device sends second information to the first device, where the second information is used to request the first device to collect the first data.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein The second information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: The operation of the AI model by the second device corresponding to the first data; The AI model or AI function operated by the second device corresponding to the first data; The type of the reference signal measurement results; Whether the first data includes the terminal location information; Whether the first data includes the second quality indication; Whether the first data includes the first timestamp; Whether the first data includes the second timestamp; The quantity of the first data; The quality of service (QoS) for collecting the first data; The reference signal configuration information corresponding to the first data; The scenario for collecting the first data; The positioning technology for collecting the first data; The latency between collecting the first data and sending the first data is measured.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The type of the reference signal measurement result includes at least one of the following: Reference signal time difference (RSTD); Receive transmit time difference; Reference signal received power (RSRP).

28. The method according to claim 22 or 26, characterized in that, The AI function includes at least one of the following: Determining non-line-of-sight communication or line-of-sight communication; Determining the terminal location; Determining an intermediate quantity for terminal positioning.

29. The method according to claim 20, wherein The first device is a core network device, the second device is a terminal, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is an assistance data message provided by the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP), and the second information is an LPP assistance request message.

30. The method according to claim 20, wherein The first device is a terminal, the second device is a core network device, the core network device is the LMF, the first information is an LPP location information message, and the second information is an LPP location information request message.

31. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: The first device sends first data to the second device, where the first data is used for the second device to operate an artificial intelligence (AI) model. The second device receives the first data.

32. A terminal, characterized in that, It includes: A transceiver module, configured to send first data to a core network device or receive first data sent by the core network device, where the first data is used for the core network device to operate an AI model.

33. A network device, characterized in that, It includes: A transceiver module, configured to receive first data sent by a terminal or send first data to the terminal, where the first data is used for the core network device to operate an AI model.

34. A terminal, characterized in that, It includes: One or more processors; Wherein, the processor is configured to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1-15 or 16-30.

35. A network device, characterized in that, It includes: One or more processors; Wherein, the processor is configured to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1-15 or 16-30.

36. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes a terminal and a network device, where the terminal is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1-15, and the network device is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 16-30; or, The terminal is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 16-30, and the network device is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1-15.

37. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction runs on a communication device, the communication device is caused to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1-15 or 16-30.

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