Devices and methods for feeder link switch enhancement
By sharing information about feeder link switches, communication devices in non-terrestrial networks can prepare for and recover from interruptions, addressing the issue of service disruptions caused by feeder link switches.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/140445
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Feeder link switches in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) cause service disruptions due to the lack of effective communication and coordination between devices, leading to interruptions in data and signaling transmissions.
The implementation of communication devices and methods that share information about feeder link switches, including start time, type, and pausing indications, to enable devices to prepare for and recover from interruptions more effectively.
This solution minimizes service disruptions by allowing NTN RAN and terminal devices to anticipate and quickly recover from feeder link switch interruptions, ensuring continuous communication.
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Figure CN2023140445_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR FEEDER LINK SWITCH ENHANCEMENT
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for feeder link switch enhancement in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) .BACKGROUND
[0003] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is also working with the satellite communication industry to specify an integrated satellite and terrestrial network infrastructure in the context of the fifth generation (5G) . This is referred to as non-terrestrial networks (NTN) which term refers to networks, or segments of networks, using an airborne or spaceborne vehicle for transmission. Satellites refer to spaceborne vehicles in Low Earth Orbits (LEO) , Medium Earth Orbits (MEO) , Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) (also referred to as Geostationary Stationary Orbit, GSO) . Airborne vehicles refer to High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) -including tethered UAS, Lighter than Air UAS and Heavier than Air UAS -all operating quasi-stationary at an altitude typically between 8 and 50 km. Satellites in GEO have a period precisely 24 hours. Satellites in MEO take about 12 hours to do the same, with a satellite speed of about 3.13km / s. Satellites in LEO, like the International Space Station, take about 1.5 hour to orbit the Earth, with a satellite speed of about 7.56km / s) .SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: receive, from a second communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a third communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the third communication device to: receive, from a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch between the first communication device and a second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: in response to a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and a second communication device, store at least one of a signaling or data to be transmitted to the second communication device; and in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, transmit the at least one of a signaling or data to the second communication device.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first communication device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second communication device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a third communication device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch between the first communication device and a second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first communication device. The method comprises: in response to a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and a second communication device, storing at least one of a signaling or data to be transmitted to the second communication device; and in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, transmitting the at least one of a signaling or data to the second communication device.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth aspect.
[0013] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0016] FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate possible implementations of a radio access network (RAN) that may be used in an NTN environment;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of feeder link switch enhancement in an NTN in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a third communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0025] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0026] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0027] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0028] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0029] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0030] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0031] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0032] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0033] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0034] The communications in the communication environment may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0035] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The environment 100 involves, a first communication device 110 (for example, a satellite or UAS platform 110) , a second communication device 120, a third communication device 130 (for example, a terminal device 130) , an NTN gateway 140, and a data network 150.
[0037] The second communication device 120 may be an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node 120 of a core network (CN) , or may be an NTN control function node, or other suitable device or node. For purpose of discussion, in some embodiments, the second communication device 120 may be discussed as the AMF node 120. It is to be understood that the AMF node 120 is just an example of the second communication device 120, rather than suggesting any limitation. In some other embodiments, the NTN control function node or other suitable device (s) are also applicable.
[0038] The NTN gateway 140 is an earth station or gateway that is located at the surface of Earth, and provides sufficient radio frequency (RF) power and RF sensitivity for accessing to the satellites (high altitude platform stations, HAPS) . The NTN Gateway 140 may be considered as a transport network layer (TNL) node. A feeder link or radio link is a wireless link between an NTN gateway 140 and the satellite (or UAS platform) 110. The satellite (or UAS platform 130) may have one or more feeder links with the NTN gateway 140, and such links are mandatory if there is no Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) between different satellites 110.
[0039] A service link or radio link is a wireless link between a terminal device 130 and a satellite (or UAS platform) 110. A beam foot print 112 is the area of the Earth visible to satellites. From the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) 130, more than one foot print 112 may be covered. Generally, to determine whether a terminal device 130 can communicate with a satellite, it depends on whether the signal coverage area of the satellite 110 will cover the terminal device 130 and at what time.
[0040] The NTN gateway 140 may connect with the data network 150 via a core network. The core network may include a plurality of nodes or devices, including, for example, the second communication device (e.g., AMF node or NTN control function node) 120, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0041] The following connectivity is supported by the NTN payload. In an example, an NTN gateway may serve multiple NTN payloads. In a further example, an NTN payload may be served by multiple NTN gateways.
[0042] Three types of service links are supported in the NTN. In an earth-fixed type, a service link is provisioned by beam (s) continuously covering the same geographical areas all the time (e.g., the case of GSO satellites) . In a quasi-earth-fixed type, a service link is provisioned by beam (s) covering one geographic area for a limited period and a different geographic area during another period (e.g., the case of non-GSO (NGSO) satellites generating steerable beams) . In an earth-moving type, a service link is provisioned by beam (s) whose coverage area slides over the Earth surface (e.g., the case of NGSO satellites generating fixed or non-steerable beams) .
[0043] FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate possible implementations 200, 201, 202, and 203 of a radio access network (RAN) that may be used in an NTN environment. As seen in FIGS. 2A-2D, new radio (NR) -RAN may be implemented in a number of different ways in an NTN environment, and thus the interfaces between different entities may vary in different implementations. The implementation 200 in FIG. 2A shows a networking-RAN architecture with a transparent satellite, where the satellite and an NTN gateway is considered as a remote radio unit. The implementation 201 in FIG. 2B shows a regenerative satellite with ISL, network device (e.g., gNB) processed payload. The implementation 202 in FIG. 2C shows a regenerative satellite without ISL, network device (e.g., gNB) processed payload. The implementation 203 in FIG. 2D shows a NG-RAN with a regenerative satellite based on a distributed unit (DU) of a network device which connects to a central unit (CU) of the network device in the NG-RAN. The regenerative payload is payload that transforms and amplifies an uplink RF signal before transmitting it on the downlink. The transformation of the signal refers to digital processing that may include demodulation, decoding, re-encoding, re-modulation and / or filtering. The transparent payload is payload that changes the frequency carrier of the uplink RF signal, filters and amplifies it before transmitting it on the downlink.
[0044] During NTN operation, a feeder link may be switched between different NTN gateways toward the same satellite. This may be due to, for example, maintenance, traffic offloading, or for LEO due to the satellite moving out of visibility with respect to the current NTN gateway. The switch may cause service disruption or interruption to the served UEs, which is unavoidable.
[0045] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for feeder link switch enhancement in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In the proposed solution, information about a feeder link switch is shared from a device, e.g., AMF node 120 or an NTN control function node with NTN RAN, e.g., the satellite 110 and / or the terminal device 130. The shared information comprises information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, and / or a pausing indication of an interruption caused by the feeder link switch. In this way, the NTN RAN and terminal device (s) will well prepare for an interruption caused by the feeder link switch and / or recover the communication very soon after the feeder link switch is finished.
[0046] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 of feeder link switch enhancement in an NTN in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the first communication device 110, the second communication device 120 and the third communication device 130.
[0047] For purpose of discussion, in the following embodiments, the first communication device 110 may be discussed as a network device in an NTN RAN, which may be implemented at the satellite 110, the second communication device 120 may be discussed as an AMF node and the third communication device 130 may be discussed as a terminal device 130, e.g., a UE 130. It is to be understood these examples are just illustrated for discussion, rather than suggest any limitation. For example, the second communication device 120 may be implemented as a NTN control function node or other suitable device.
[0048] In the signaling flow 300, the second communication device 120 transmits (340) to the first communication device 110 information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device 110 and the second communication device 120. The first communication device 110 receives (345) , from the second communication device 120, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device. The information about the feeder link switch comprises, for example, but not limited to, information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0049] In some example embodiments, the information of the start time included in the information about a feeder link switch may have various implementations. In an example, the information of the start time may comprise a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service. The t-Service indicates the time information on when a cell provided via NTN is going to stop serving the area it is currently covering. For instance, the second communication device 120 may send the feeder link switch start time to the NTN RAN, and the start time is a UTC like the t-Service defined in SIB19.
[0050] Table 1 shows an example of an information element (IE) of Feeder Link Switch Start Time which indicates the feeder link switch start time from the AMF node to the network device (e.g., gNB) for the NTN regenerative architecture.
[0051] Table 1
[0052] Alternatively, the information of the start time may comprise a time difference between the start time and a reference time. The reference time may be the t-Service, that is, the start time could also be a delta time compared to the t-Service. It is to be understood that t-Service is just an example for the reference time. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the reference time may be other suitable time as a reference for determining the time difference.
[0053] Table 2 shows another example of an information element (IE) of Feeder Link Switch Start Time.
[0054] Table 2
[0055] Alternatively, the information of the start time may comprise a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch. For example, the timer may begin to count when it reaches the RAN. The feeder link switch is expected to happen when the timer expires.
[0056] Table 3 shows another example of an information element (IE) of Feeder Link Switch Start Time.
[0057] Table 3
[0058] As a further alternative, the information of the start time may comprise a t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time. That is, the t-Service could also indicate the start time. The t-Service could be the same as the feeder link switch start time.
[0059] The t-Service may indicate the time information on when a cell provided via NTN is going to stop serving the area it is currently covering. This field applies for both service link switches in NTN quasi-Earth fixed system and feeder link switches for both NTN quasi-Earth fixed and Earth moving system. And the field also applied to indicate feeder link switch interruption starting time. The field indicates a time in multiples of 10 ms after 00: 00: 00 on Gregorian calendar date 1 January, 1900 (midnight between Sunday, December 31, 1899 and Monday, January 1, 1900) . The exact stop time is between the time indicated by the value of this field minus 1 and the time indicated by the value of this field.
[0060] In some embodiments, the Feeder Link Switch Start Time may be included in an AMF configuration update message. This message is sent by the AMF node 120 to a NG-RAN node to transfer updated information for an NG-C interface instance.
[0061] If the Feeder Link Switch Start Time IE is included in the AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE message, the NG-RAN node may pause NG-related data or signaling flow after the feeder link switch begins.
[0062] Table 4 shows an example of the Feeder Link Switch Start Time IE.
[0063] Table 4
[0064] Generally, there are two types of a feeder link switch, a hard feeder link switch and a soft feeder link switch. The hard feeder link switch requires the satellite to maintain only one feeder link at a time. Thus, before establishing a connection to a new gateway, the satellite must first sever the connection with the former serving gNB. The soft feeder link switch allows the satellite to maintain multiple feeder links for a period prior to severing the connection with the former serving gNB. In some example embodiments, the type indication of the feeder link switch may indicate whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch. The start time and / or end time of the feeder link switch may be applicable to the hard feeder link switch or the soft feeder link switch.
[0065] In some example embodiments, the type indication may be implicitly indicated from the second communication device 120 to the first communication device 110. For example, if the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is received from the second communication device, the first communication device 110 may determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch. If the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is not received from the second communication device, the first communication device 110 may determine that the feeder link switch is a soft feeder link switch. If the pausing indication is received from the second communication device, the first communication device 110 may determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch.
[0066] More details related to the type indication are discussed below. In some embodiments, the network sends the feeder link switch type indication to the network device of the NTN RAN. The “network” may refer to the AMF node or an NTN control function node, or a further suitable device.
[0067] The feed link switch type could be the soft or hard switch. The type indication may be an explicit indication or an implicit indication. The explicit indication may be implemented with an IE indicating soft and hard switches. The implicitly indication may be implemented as below. If the feeder link switch time is not informed to RAN, it is a soft feeder link switch. If the feeder link switch time is informed to RAN, it is a hard feeder link switch. The feeder link switch type indication may be transmitted without the feeder link switch time. The RAN thinks the feeder link switch happens once it receives the feeder link switch indication.
[0068] Table 5 shows an example of an information element (IE) of Feeder Link Switch Type which indicates the feeder link switch type from the AMF node to the network device (gNB) for the NTN regenerative architecture.
[0069] Table 5
[0070] Table 6 shows an example of the type indication in a case where it is sent without feeder link switch time.
[0071] Table 6
[0072] Table 7 shows an example of an information element (IE) of Feeder Link Switch Start Time which indicates the feeder link switch start time from the AMF node to the gNB for the NTN regenerative architecture. Specifically, Table 7 illustrates an example of implicit indication of the type of the feeder link switch. The feeder link hard switch will be performed if this IE is present.
[0073] Table 7
[0074] In some embodiments, the IE of Feeder Link Switch Type may be included in an AMF configuration update message. This message is sent by the AMF node 120 to a NG-RAN node (e.g., gNB) to transfer updated information for an NG-C interface instance.
[0075] If the Feeder Link Switch Type IE is included in the AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE message, the RAN shall pause NG-related data and signaling transmission. Or
[0076] If the Feeder Link Switch Start Time IE is included in the AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE message, the NG-RAN node shall pause NG-related data or signaling flow after the feeder link switch begins. Moreover, it means the feeder link switch type is a hard switch.
[0077] Table 8 shows an example of the Feeder Link Switch Type IE.
[0078] Table 8
[0079] In some embodiments, the second communication device 120 (which is sometimes referred to as “network” for brief) ) may transmit a pausing indication to the NTN RAN (e.g., the network device in the NTN RAN, which is sometimes referred to as “RAN” for brief) when the feeder link switch causes an interruption between AMF / UPF and RAN.
[0080] The RAN may pause NG-related data and signal transmission when it receives the feeder link switch indication. It may implicitly indicate the hard feeder link switch. The indication may be contained in the AMF configuration update message NG reset or a new message from AMF to RAN. The pausing indication may be transmitted to the third communication device 130 (e.g., UE) . Furthermore, the cells in the NTN RAN share the same feeder link switch start time.
[0081] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may pause (360) a transmission between the first communication device and the second communication device during the feeder link switch.
[0082] Specifically, the first communication device 110 may pause all data flows, pausing all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) , pause all Quality of Service (QoS) flows, pausing all Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions, pause a PDU session management-related message; pause a user equipment (UE) context management-related message; pause UE mobility management-related message; pause a paging related message; pause a NG interface management signaling; and / or pause at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.
[0083] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may transmit configuration information of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Conditional Handover (CHO) procedure before the start time of the feeder link switch.
[0084] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch may be comprised in at least one of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) configuration update message, a NG reset message, or a new message. For instance, the AMF node 120 may transmit the information about the feeder link switch via an AMF configuration update message or a NG reset message. Alternatively, the AMF node 120 may use a newly defined message to transmit the information about the feeder link switch.
[0085] In addition to the above, the information about the feeder link switch may further include information of an end time of the feeder link switch, an end indication of the feeder link switch, and / or other necessary information.
[0086] The information of the end time may have different forms. For example, it may comprise a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the end time and the start time, a time difference between the end time and a reference time, a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.
[0087] In some example embodiments, the end time and / or the end indication may be not explicitly indicated via the information of the feeder link switch. The first communication device 110 may determine whether the feeder link switch is finished in a variety of ways. For example, in response to receiving a message or data from the second communication device, the first communication device 110 may determine that the feeder link switch is finished. Alternatively, in response to receiving information of an end indication of the feeder link switch, the first communication device 110 may determine that the feeder link switch is finished. As a further alternative, the first communication device 110 may, in response to receiving information of an end time of the feeder link switch, determine that the feeder link switch is finished at the end time.
[0088] In some example embodiments, if the feeder link switch is finished, the first communication device 110 may resume (370) the transmission between the first communication device and the second communication device. Specifically, in some example embodiments, the first communication device may resume to transmit a PDU session management-related message; resume to transmit a UE context management-related message; resume to transmit a UE mobility management-related message; resume to transmit a paging related message; resume to transmit a NG interface management signaling; and / or resume to transmit at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.
[0089] More details related to the end time / end indication are discussed below.
[0090] In some embodiments where the feeder link switch ending time is transmitted from the second communication device 120 (e.g., the AMF node 120) to the first communication device 110 (e.g., the network device in the NTN RAN, also referred to as “RAN” or “NTN RAN” ) , the end time may be a UTC like the t-Service defined in SIB19. The end time may also be a delta time compared to the start time. The end time may also be a delta time compared to the t-Service.
[0091] The first communication device 110 may resume the data flow and signaling flow transmission after the end time of the feeder link switch.
[0092] Alternatively, in some embodiments where the end indication may be transmitted from the second communication device 120 (e.g., the AMF node 120) to the first communication device 110 (e.g., the network device in the NTN RAN) It can be an explicit indication. In some cases, the end indication may be an explicit indication, for example, the end time, which may be a UTC like the t-Service defined in SIB19, or a delta time reference to the feeder link switch start time, or a delta time reference to the t-Service defined in SIB19, or a timer. When this timer is run out, the RAN will think the feeder link switch is finished.
[0093] In alternative embodiments, the end indication may be an implicit indication. After the start time or indication or hard switch indication or pausing indication is sent to RAN, the RAN will think the feeder link switch is finished once it receives a message from the AMF or NTN control function. The RAN will resume to transmit PDU session management-related messages; resume to transmit UE context management-related messages; resume to transmit UE mobility management-related messages; resume to transmit paging related messages; resume to transmit NG interface management signaling; resume to transmit other messages like warning / positioning / trace / location The RAN may resume the data flow and signaling flow transmission after receiving the feeder link switch indication.
[0094] The end time may be transmitted to the third communication device 130 (e.g., UE) by broadcast or RRC signaling. It may be broadcast the ending time / delta time reference to reference to the feeder link switch start time / adelta time reference to the t-Service / ending time is a timer. Alternatively, the RRC signaling may be resume the UE from idle state or inactive state. For example, the RAN paging signaling.
[0095] The first communication device 110 may transmit (350) information about the feeder link switch to the third communication device 130. Upon receipt (355) of the information, the third communication device 130 may have the knowledge of the feeder link switch, for example, when the feeder link switch starts, the type of the feeder link switch, even when feeder link switch ends. The third communication device 130 may suspend data / signaling transmission during the feeder link switch and may resume related operations after the feeder link switch is finished.
[0096] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch may be transmitted from the second communication device 120 to the third communication device 130 via a System Information Block (SIB) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. The SIB may be for example, SIB19 or a new SIB.
[0097] In an example, the start time of the feeder link switch may be broadcasted to the third communication device 130 via SIB 19. Table 9 shows an example of an implementation of a part of SIB 19.
[0098] Table 9
[0099] In another example, the start time of the feeder link switch may be transmitted to the third communication device 130 via a RRC signaling, for example, via a RRCReconfiguration message. The following shows IEs include the start time of the feeder link switch in the RRCReconfiguration message.
[0100] RRCReconfiguration ->CellGroupConfig -> SCellConfig-> ServingCellConfigCommon ->NTN-Config.
[0101] That is, the start time is included in NTN-Config, the NTN-Config is included in ServingCellConfigCommon, the ServingCellConfigCommon is included in SCellConfig, the SCellConfig is included in CellGroupConfig, and the CellGroupConfig is included in the RRCReconfiguration.
[0102] Table 10 shows an example of information elements in the RRCreconfiguration message.
[0103] Table 10
[0104] In response to receiving the pausing indication, the third communication device 130 may enter an inactive mode or an idle mode.
[0105] In some example embodiments, the third communication device 130 (e.g., a UE) may perform (365) at least one of the following: suspending all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) , suspending all Multicast-Broadcast Services Radio Bearers (MRBs) , suspending at least one of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity, a Radio Link Control (RLC) entity, a Medium Access Control (MAC) entity, or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) entity, suspending monitoring of at least one of Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) , Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) or Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , suspending monitoring of at least one of Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) or Channel State Information –Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , suspending a RRC connection, pausing an inter-Mobility Management Function (AMF) handover, or pausing a further NG-related signaling flow.
[0106] In an example, the pausing indication may be transmitted to the third communication device 130 (e.g., UE) . The pausing indication may be broadcasted in SIB19 or a new SIB or RRC signaling. The pausing indication may cause the UE to enter an idle state or inactive state.
[0107] The UE may pause NG-related data or signaling flow after the feeder link switch begins. For example, the UE may suspend all of DRB (s) , suspend all of MRBs (s) , suspend PDCP / RLC / MAC / RRC entity, suspend PDSCH / PDCCH / PBCH monitoring, suspend DMRS / CSI-RS monitoring, suspend the RRC connections, pause inter-AMF handover, and / or pause other NG-related signaling flows. The UE may not suspend all SRB (s) , may suspend all SRB (s) but not SRB0, may not suspend monitoring SSB, and / or may not suspend SSB measurement and reporting.
[0108] In some cases where the information about the feeder link switch including the end indication or the information of the end time of the feeder link switch, the third communication device 130 may, after the end time or in response to the end indication, perform (375) at least one of the following: resuming all DRBs, resuming all MRBs, resuming PDCP / RLC / MAC / RRC entity, resuming all SRBs, resuming PDSCH / PDCCH / PBCH monitoring, resuming DMRS / CSI-RS monitoring, or resuming a RRC connection.
[0109] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 400 implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the first communication device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0110] At block 410, the first communication device 110 receives, from a second communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0111] In some example embodiments, the information of the start time comprises at least one of: a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the start time and a reference time, a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.
[0112] In some example embodiments, the type indication of the feeder link switch indicates whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch.
[0113] In some example embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is received from the second communication device, the first communication device 110 may determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch; in accordance with a determination that the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is not received from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a soft feeder link switch; and in accordance with a determination that the pausing indication is received from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch.
[0114] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may pause a transmission between the first communication device and the second communication device during the feeder link switch.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may perform at least one of: pausing all data flows, pausing all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) , pausing all Quality of Service (QoS) flows, pausing all Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions, pausing a PDU session management-related message; pausing a user equipment (UE) context management-related message; pausing UE mobility management-related message; pausing a paging related message; pausing a NG interface management signaling; or pausing at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may transmit configuration information of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Conditional Handover (CHO) procedure before the start time of the feeder link switch.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is comprised in at least one of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) configuration update message, a NG reset message, or a new message.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch further comprises at least one of: information of an end time of the feeder link switch, or an end indication of the feeder link switch.
[0119] In some example embodiments, the information of the end time comprises at least one of: a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the end time and the start time, a time difference between the end time and a reference time, a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may in response to receiving a message or data from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is finished; or in response to receiving information of an end indication of the feeder link switch, determine that the feeder link switch is finished; or in response to receiving information of an end time of the feeder link switch, determine that the feeder link switch is finished at the end time.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, resume the transmission between the first communication device and the second communication device.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the first communication device110 may perform at least one of: resuming to transmit a PDU session management-related message; resuming to transmit a UE context management-related message; resuming to transmit a UE mobility management-related message; resuming to transmit a paging related message; resuming to transmit a NG interface management signaling; or resuming to transmit at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the first communication device110 may transmit the information about the feeder link switch to a third communication device served by the first communication device.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is transmitted via a System Information Block (SIB) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , and the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node or an NTN control function node.
[0126] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 500 implemented at a second communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the second communication device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0127] At block 510, the second communication device 120 transmits, to a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the information of the start time comprises at least one of: a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the start time and a reference time, a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the type indication of the feeder link switch indicates whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is comprised in at least one of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) configuration update message, a NG reset message, or a new message.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch further comprises at least one of: information of an end time of the feeder link switch, or an end indication of the feeder link switch.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the information of the end time comprises at least one of: a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the end time and the start time, a time difference between the end time and a reference time, a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , and the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node or an NTN control function node.
[0134] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 600 implemented at a third communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the third communication device 130 in FIG. 1.
[0135] At block 610, the third communication device 130 receives, from the first communication device 110, information about a feeder link switch between the first communication device 110 and the second communication device 120, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is received via a System Information Block (SIB) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0137] In some example embodiments, the information of the start time comprises at least one of: a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the start time and a reference time, a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.
[0138] In some example embodiments, the type indication of the feeder link switch indicates whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch.
[0139] In some example embodiments, the third communication device 130 in response to receiving the pausing indication, enters an inactive mode or an idle mode.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the third communication device 130 may suspend all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) , suspend all Multicast-Broadcast Services Radio Bearers (MRBs) , suspend at least one of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity, a Radio Link Control (RLC) entity, a Medium Access Control (MAC) entity, or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) entity, suspend monitoring of at least one of Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) , Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) or Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , suspend monitoring of at least one of Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) or Channel State Information –Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , suspend a RRC connection, pause an inter-Mobility Management Function (AMF) handover, or pause a further NG-related signaling flow.
[0141] In some example embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch further comprises at least one of: information of an end time of the feeder link switch, or an end indication of the feeder link switch.
[0142] In some example embodiments, the information of the end time comprises at least one of: a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the end time and the start time, a time difference between the end time and a reference time, a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.
[0143] In some example embodiments, after the end time or in response to the end indication, the third communication device 130 may resume all DRBs, resume all MRBs, resume PDCP / RLC / MAC / RRC entity, resume all SRBs, resume PDSCH / PDCCH / PBCH monitoring, resume DMRS / CSI-RS monitoring, or resume a RRC connection.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node or an NTN control function node, and the third communication device comprises a terminal device service by the network device in the RAN of the NTN.
[0145] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 700 implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0146] At block 710, the first communication device in response to a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and a second communication device, store at least one of a signaling or data to be transmitted to the second communication device.
[0147] At block 720, in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, the first communication device transmits the at least one of a signaling or data to the second communication device.
[0148] For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the first communication device 110 or the second communication device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the first communication device may be a network device 110 in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , as shown in FIG. 1, and the second communication device may be an AMF node 120 as shown in FIG. 1 or an NTN control function node.
[0150] Alternatively, the first communication device may be an AMF node 120 or an NTN control function node, and the second communication device comprises a network device 110 in a RAN of NTN.
[0151] More details of the above embodiments are discussed. Generally, the NTN RAN (e.g., the network device 110 in the NTN RAN) is not informed when the feeder link switch happens. It may be applicable when the feeder link switch interruption is small. For example, the NTN RAN may send messages to the core network (e.g., the AMF node) via the NG interface even if a feeder link switch causes an interruption.
[0152] If a failure happens, the NTN RAN may handle this problem by implementing feeder link switch-related procedures. The AMF node may store the signaling and data and forward them to corresponding entities once the feeder link switch finished.
[0153] As to the terminal device, for example, a UE, it is not informed when the feeder link switch happens. It may applicable when the feeder link switch interruption is small. The UE may send messages to RAN even if a feeder link switch causes an interruption. The NTN RAN may store the signaling and data, and forward them to corresponding entities once the feeder link switch finished. In some cases, few signaling failure may occur and the NTN RAN may handle it as legacy behaviors.
[0154] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first communication device 110, the second communication device 120 or the third communication device 130.
[0155] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 820 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 and a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0156] The program 830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable the device 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 810 of the device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 810 and memory 820 may form processing means 850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0157] The memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 820 is shown in the device 800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 800. The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0158] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first communication device as discussed above.
[0159] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second communication device as discussed above.
[0160] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a third communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch between the first communication device and a second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the third communication device as discussed above.
[0161] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: in response to a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and a second communication device, store at least one of a signaling or data to be transmitted to the second communication device; and in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, transmit the at least one of a signaling or data to the second communication device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first communication device as discussed above.
[0162] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0163] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication apparatus is provided. The first communication apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: means for information of a start time of the feeder link switch, means for a type indication of the feeder link switch, or means for a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0164] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication apparatus is provided. The second communication apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: means for information of a start time of the feeder link switch, means for a type indication of the feeder link switch, or means for a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0165] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a third communication apparatus is provided. The third communication apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch between the first communication device and a second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: means for information of a start time of the feeder link switch, means for a type indication of the feeder link switch, or means for a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0166] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication apparatus is provided. The first communication apparatus comprises means for in response to a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and a second communication device, means for storing at least one of a signaling or data to be transmitted to the second communication device; and means for in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, transmitting the at least one of a signaling or data to the second communication device. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0167] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0168] In an aspect, it is proposed a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: receive, from a second communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0169] In some embodiments, the information of the start time comprises at least one of: a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the start time and a reference time, a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.
[0170] In some embodiments, the type indication of the feeder link switch indicates whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch.
[0171] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is received from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch; in accordance with a determination that the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is not received from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a soft feeder link switch; and in accordance with a determination that the pausing indication is received from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch.
[0172] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: pause a transmission between the first communication device and the second communication device during the feeder link switch.
[0173] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to perform at least one of: pausing all data flows, pausing all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) , pausing all Quality of Service (QoS) flows, pausing all Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions, pausing a PDU session management-related message; pausing a user equipment (UE) context management-related message; pausing UE mobility management-related message; pausing a paging related message; pausing a NG interface management signaling; or pausing at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.
[0174] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: transmit configuration information of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Conditional Handover (CHO) procedure before the start time of the feeder link switch.
[0175] In some embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is comprised in at least one of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) configuration update message, a NG reset message, or a new message.
[0176] In some embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch further comprises at least one of: information of an end time of the feeder link switch, or an end indication of the feeder link switch.
[0177] In some embodiments, the information of the end time comprises at least one of: a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the end time and the start time, a time difference between the end time and a reference time, a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.
[0178] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: in response to receiving a message or data from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is finished; or in response to receiving information of an end indication of the feeder link switch, determine that the feeder link switch is finished; or in response to receiving information of an end time of the feeder link switch, determine that the feeder link switch is finished at the end time.
[0179] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, resume the transmission between the first communication device and the second communication device.
[0180] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to perform at least one of: resuming to transmit a PDU session management-related message; resuming to transmit a UE context management-related message; resuming to transmit a UE mobility management-related message; resuming to transmit a paging related message; resuming to transmit a NG interface management signaling; or resuming to transmit at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.
[0181] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: transmit the information about the feeder link switch to a third communication device served by the first communication device.
[0182] In some embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is transmitted via a System Information Block (SIB) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0183] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , and the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node or an NTN control function node.
[0184] In an aspect, it is proposed a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0185] In some embodiments, the information of the start time comprises at least one of: a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the start time and a reference time, a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.
[0186] In some embodiments, the type indication of the feeder link switch indicates whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch.
[0187] In some embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is comprised in at least one of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) configuration update message, a NG reset message, or a new message.
[0188] In some embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch further comprises at least one of: information of an end time of the feeder link switch, or an end indication of the feeder link switch.
[0189] In some embodiments, the information of the end time comprises at least one of: a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the end time and the start time, a time difference between the end time and a reference time, a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.
[0190] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , and the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node or an NTN control function node.
[0191] In an aspect, it is proposed a third communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the third communication device to: receive, from a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch between the first communication device and a second communication device, the information comprising at least one of: information of a start time of the feeder link switch, a type indication of the feeder link switch, or a pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first communication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.
[0192] In some embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch is received via a System Information Block (SIB) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
[0193] In some embodiments, the information of the start time comprises at least one of: a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the start time and a reference time, a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.
[0194] In some embodiments, the type indication of the feeder link switch indicates whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch.
[0195] In some embodiments, the third communication device is further caused to: in response to receiving the pausing indication, enter an inactive mode or an idle mode.
[0196] In some embodiments, the third communication device is further caused to: suspend all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) , suspend all Multicast-Broadcast Services Radio Bearers (MRBs) , suspend at least one of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity, a Radio Link Control (RLC) entity, a Medium Access Control (MAC) entity, or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) entity, suspend monitoring of at least one of Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) , Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) or Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , suspend monitoring of at least one of Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) or Channel State Information –Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , suspend a RRC connection, pause an inter-Mobility Management Function (AMF) handover, or pause a further NG-related signaling flow.
[0197] In some embodiments, the information about the feeder link switch further comprises at least one of: information of an end time of the feeder link switch, or an end indication of the feeder link switch.
[0198] In some embodiments, the information of the end time comprises at least one of: a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service, a time difference between the end time and the start time, a time difference between the end time and a reference time, a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, or a t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.
[0199] In some embodiments, the third communication device is further caused to: after the end time or in response to the end indication, resume all DRBs, resume all MRBs, resume PDCP / RLC / MAC / RRC entity, resume all SRBs, resume PDSCH / PDCCH / PBCH monitoring, resume DMRS / CSI-RS monitoring, or resume a RRC connection.
[0200] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node or an NTN control function node, and the third communication device comprises a terminal device service by the network device in the RAN of the NTN.
[0201] In an aspect, it is proposed a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: in response to a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and a second communication device, store at least one of a signaling or data to be transmitted to the second communication device; and in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, transmit the at least one of a signaling or data to the second communication device.
[0202] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , and the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node or an NTN control function node, or wherein the first communication device comprises an AMF node or an NTN control function node, and the second communication device comprises a network device in a RAN of NTN.
[0203] In an aspect, a first communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0204] In an aspect, a second communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0205] In an aspect, a third communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the third communication device discussed above.
[0206] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0207] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0208] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the third communication device discussed above.
[0209] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0210] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0211] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the third communication device discussed above.
[0212] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0213] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0214] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0215] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0216] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0217] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first communication device to:receive, from a second communication device, information about a feeder link switch involving the first communication device and the second communication device, the information comprising at least one of:information of a start time of the feeder link switch,a type indication of the feeder link switch, ora pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first commu-nication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the information of the start time comprises at least one of:a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service,a time difference between the start time and a reference time,a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, ora t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.3.The device of claim 1, wherein the type indication of the feeder link switch indicates whether the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch or a soft feeder link switch.4.The device of claim 3, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is received from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch;in accordance with a determination that the information of the start time of the feeder link switch is not received from the second communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a soft feeder link switch; andin accordance with a determination that the pausing indication is received from the sec-ond communication device, determine that the feeder link switch is a hard feeder link switch.5.The device of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:pause a transmission between the first communication device and the second communi-cation device during the feeder link switch.6.The device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first communication device is further caused to perform at least one of:pausing all data flows,pausing all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) ,pausing all Quality of Service (QoS) flows,pausing all Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions,pausing a PDU session management-related message;pausing a user equipment (UE) context management-related message;pausing UE mobility management-related message;pausing a paging related message;pausing a NG interface management signaling; orpausing at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.7.The device of any claims 1 to 6, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit configuration information of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Conditional Handover (CHO) procedure before the start time of the feeder link switch.8.The device of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the information about the feeder link switch is comprised in at least one of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) configuration update message, a NG reset message, or a new message.9.The device of claim 1, wherein the information about the feeder link switch further comprises at least one of:information of an end time of the feeder link switch, oran end indication of the feeder link switch.10.The device of claim 9, wherein the information of the end time comprises at least one of:a value for the end time in the form of a t-Service,a time difference between the end time and the start time,a time difference between the end time and a reference time,a timer which expires at an end of the feeder link switch, ora t-Service that is configured to indicate the end time.11.The device of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first communication device is fur-ther caused to:in response to receiving a message or data from the second communication device, de-termine that the feeder link switch is finished; orin response to receiving information of an end indication of the feeder link switch, de-termine that the feeder link switch is finished; orin response to receiving information of an end time of the feeder link switch, determine that the feeder link switch is finished at the end time.12.The device of claim 11, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the feeder link switch is finished, resume the transmission between the first communication device and the second communication device.13.The device of claim 12, wherein the first communication device is further caused to perform at least one of:resuming to transmit a PDU session management-related message;resuming to transmit a UE context management-related message;resuming to transmit a UE mobility management-related message;resuming to transmit a paging related message;resuming to transmit a NG interface management signaling; orresuming to transmit at least one of a warning message, a positioning message, a trace message, a location reporting message, a UE capability message, a broadcast message, or a multiple-cast message.14.The device of claim 1, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit the information about the feeder link switch to a third communication device served by the first communication device.15.The device of claim 14, wherein the information about the feeder link switch is transmitted via a System Information Block (SIB) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.16.The device of any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the first communication device com-prises a network device in a radio access network (RAN) of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , and the second communication device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Func-tion (AMF) node or an NTN control function node.17.A third communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the third communication device to:receive, from a first communication device, information about a feeder link switch between the first communication device and a second communication device, the information comprising at least one of:information of a start time of the feeder link switch,a type indication of the feeder link switch, ora pausing indication indicating an interruption between the first commu-nication device and the second communication device caused by the feeder link switch.18.The device of claim 17, wherein the information about the feeder link switch is received via a System Information Block (SIB) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.19.The device of claim 17, wherein the information of the start time comprises at least one of:a value for the start time in the form of a t-Service,a time difference between the start time and a reference time,a timer which expires at a start of the feeder link switch, ora t-Service that is configured to indicate the start time.20.The device of any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the third communication device is further caused to: in response to receiving the pausing indication, enter an inactive mode or an idle mode, orwherein the third communication device is further caused to:suspend all Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) ,suspend all Multicast-Broadcast Services Radio Bearers (MRBs) ,suspend at least one of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity, a Radio Link Control (RLC) entity, a Medium Access Control (MAC) entity, or a Radio Resource Con-trol (RRC) entity,suspend monitoring of at least one of Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) , Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) or Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) ,suspend monitoring of at least one of Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) or Chan-nel State Information –Reference Signal (CSI-RS) ,suspend a RRC connection,pause an inter-Mobility Management Function (AMF) handover, orpause a further NG-related signaling flow.
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