Plasma power supply and control method therefor, and fusion reaction system

Abstract

A plasma power supply (10) and a control method therefor, and a fusion reaction system. The plasma power supply (10) comprises: a breakdown power supply module (101) and an extraction power supply module (102). The breakdown power supply module (101) is used for: outputting a first voltage to a plasma generator (20) which generates plasma under the application of the first voltage; and when the output voltage is decreased from the first voltage to a second voltage, maintaining the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator (20). The extraction power supply module (102) is used for forming an electric field between the plasma generator (20) and a housing (30) of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator (20) generates the plasma, forming a plasma current between the housing (30) and the plasma generator (20) on the basis of the plasma and the electric field. The plasma power supply (10) allows for direct formation of the plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, thereby simplifying the formation process of the plasma current.

Description

Plasma power supply and control method thereof, and fusion reaction system

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on December 22, 2023, with application number "202311786579.4" and invention name "Plasma Power Supply and Its Control Method, Fusion Reaction System", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a plasma power supply and a control method thereof, and a fusion reaction system. Background Art

[0003] With the development of electronic technology, there are more and more electronic devices with various functions, and electronic devices with different functions have different requirements for current.

[0004] For example, a nuclear fusion reaction device can use a plasma gun (also known as a plasma generator) to input plasma into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. Then, the plasma in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber can be controlled by a magnetic field to form a plasma current, thereby heating the plasma to a fusion reaction temperature to initiate a fusion reaction.

[0005] However, the process of forming plasma current in a nuclear fusion reaction chamber based on the plasma output by a plasma gun is currently relatively complicated.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present application provides a plasma power supply and a control method thereof, and a fusion reaction system, which can directly form a plasma current in a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, thereby simplifying the plasma current formation process.

[0008] In one aspect, the present application provides a plasma power supply, comprising:

[0009] a breakdown power supply module configured to output a first voltage to a plasma generator, wherein the plasma generator generates plasma under the pressure of the first voltage; and maintain outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to a second voltage;

[0010] The extraction power supply module is configured to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator generates plasma, form a plasma current between the shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

[0011] On the other hand, the present application provides a method for controlling a plasma power supply, which is applied to the above-mentioned plasma power supply, and the method comprises:

[0012] controlling a breakdown power module in the plasma power supply to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, and maintaining the second voltage to be output to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to a second voltage;

[0013] An extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply is controlled to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. When the plasma generator generates plasma, a plasma current is formed between the shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

[0014] In another aspect, the present application provides a fusion reaction system, comprising: a nuclear fusion reaction device, a plasma generator, and the above-mentioned plasma power supply;

[0015] The positive electrode of the breakdown power module and the negative electrode of the extraction power module in the plasma power supply are both connected to the anode of the plasma generator, the negative electrode of the breakdown power module is connected to the cathode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the extraction power module is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

[0016] The plasma power supply provided in the present application includes a breakdown power supply module and an extraction power supply module, which can be used to enable the plasma generator to generate plasma, and maintain the plasma in the stage where the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module is maintained at a second voltage. The extraction power supply module can form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and form a plasma current between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma generated by the plasma generator and the electric field, so as to realize the extraction of the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. In this way, the plasma current can be obtained without adding an additional magnetic field to control the plasma generated by the plasma generator, and the formation process of the plasma current can be simplified. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fusion reaction system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0018] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a plasma power supply provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0019] FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a plasma power supply according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0021] The terms used in one or more embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present application. The singular forms of "a", "said" and "the" used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. The term "at least one" in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to "one or more" and "a plurality" refers to "two or more". The term "including" is an open description and should be understood as "including but not limited to", and may include other content on the basis of the content already described.

[0022] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of the present application, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present application, "first" may also be referred to as "second", and similarly, "second" may also be referred to as "first". Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0023] Currently, nuclear fusion is being widely studied because it can provide a large amount of clean energy using low-cost fuel. In some implementations of nuclear fusion reactions, a plasma generator (such as a plasma gun) is used to pre-ionize the gas to generate the plasma required for the nuclear fusion reaction. This plasma is then driven by an induced current or a non-induced current to achieve the nuclear fusion reaction. The plasma generator generates plasma by receiving a voltage applied by a plasma power supply to break down the gas. To ensure the stability and efficiency of the nuclear fusion reaction, the plasma generator must be able to stably generate and maintain the plasma.

[0024] In the related art, a single high-voltage capacitor is used in the plasma power supply to apply voltage to the plasma generator to achieve gas breakdown and plasma maintenance. This method requires the capacitor to have the characteristics of high voltage and large capacity. The realization and control of the capacitor are relatively difficult, and the economic efficiency of the plasma power supply is relatively poor. In addition, the plasma generator can only generate plasma, which is subsequently driven by other components in the nuclear fusion reaction system. In order to ensure that the plasma generator generates plasma that meets the requirements, the plasma generator needs to draw out the plasma current for testing before actual use. The plasma power supply connected to the plasma generator in the related art cannot directly realize the drawing of this current, so the testing process of the plasma generator will be more complicated.

[0025] The present invention provides a plasma power supply that is relatively easy to implement and control, yet highly economical. It can extract plasma current from a plasma generator, facilitating testing of the plasma generator. It can also directly generate plasma current in a nuclear fusion reaction chamber when the plasma generator is in use, simplifying the plasma current generation process. The present invention also provides a plasma power supply control method and a fusion reaction system.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fusion reaction system provided in one embodiment of the present application. The fusion reaction system includes a plasma power supply 10, a plasma generator 20, and a nuclear fusion reaction device (not shown in the figure).

[0027] The nuclear fusion reaction device may include a nuclear fusion reaction chamber for containing plasma to generate a nuclear fusion reaction. When performing a nuclear fusion reaction, the nuclear fusion reaction chamber usually needs to maintain a vacuum state, and the nuclear fusion reaction chamber may also be referred to as a vacuum chamber.

[0028] The plasma generator 20 can be fixed to the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. If the nuclear fusion reaction chamber has a window, the head of the plasma generator 20 can be inserted into the window to connect the head space of the plasma generator 20 with the internal space of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The plasma generator 20 has an anode and a cathode. The plasma generator 20 generates plasma by breaking down the gas between the anode and the cathode. The anode and cathode are arranged at the head of the plasma generator 20 to facilitate ejecting the generated plasma into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The plasma generator 20 can be a plasma gun.

[0029] As shown in Figure 1, the plasma power supply 10 includes a breakdown power module 101 and an extraction power module 102. The positive pole of the breakdown power module 101 can be connected to the negative pole of the extraction power module 102, and both are connected to the anode of the plasma generator 20. The negative pole of the breakdown power module 101 can be connected to the cathode of the plasma generator 20, and the positive pole of the extraction power module 102 can be connected to the shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber can have a grounded external electrode. The positive pole of the extraction power module 102 is connected to the shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and can be connected to the external electrode.

[0030] The breakdown power module 101 is used to output a first voltage to the plasma generator 20, so that the plasma generator 20 breaks through the gas between the anode and the cathode under the pressure of the first voltage to produce plasma. Afterwards, a plasma current can be formed between the anode and the cathode, and the breakdown power module 101 forms a current loop with the anode and the cathode. After the plasma current is formed between the anode and the cathode, the output voltage of the breakdown power module 101 can be gradually reduced. When the output voltage drops to the second voltage, the breakdown power module 101 can maintain outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator 20.

[0031] The power supply module 102 is used to generate an electric field between the plasma generator 20 and the fusion reaction chamber housing 30. When the plasma generator 30 generates plasma, the plasma can diffuse between the plasma generator 20 and the fusion reaction chamber housing 30. Under the influence of this electric field, a plasma current can be generated between the fusion reaction chamber housing 30 and the plasma generator 20. This is equivalent to extracting the plasma current between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator 30 to the space between the fusion reaction chamber housing 30 and the plasma generator 20.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, after the output voltage of the breakdown power module 101 causes the plasma generator 20 to generate plasma, the nuclear fusion reaction chamber housing 30, the anode and cathode of the plasma generator 20 can sequentially form a plasma current loop, thereby leading the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. Because the nuclear fusion reaction chamber housing 30 is grounded, the anode of the plasma generator 20 can be at a relatively negative potential relative to the nuclear fusion reaction chamber housing 30, and the cathode of the plasma generator 20 can be at an even more negative potential.

[0033] In the plasma power supply 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the breakdown power supply module 101 can be the front-stage power supply for the extraction power supply module 102, and the extraction power supply module 102 is the rear-stage power supply for the breakdown power supply module 101. The plasma power supply 10 has the ability to simultaneously drive two plasma loads in the plasma generator 20 and the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. In a fusion reaction system, the plasma power supply 10 can be directly used to generate a plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber without the need for additional structures to generate a magnetic field to drive the plasma, which can simplify the process of generating the plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, when the plasma generator 20 is not installed in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, the plasma generator 20 can also be tested. For example, the plasma current generated by the plasma generator 20 can be extracted into the test space using the plasma power supply 10 to detect whether the plasma current meets the requirements. In this case, the anode of the power supply module 102 in the plasma power supply 10 can be connected to the electrode in the test space, but not connected to the shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. If the plasma current meets the requirements, the plasma generator 20 can be used in the nuclear fusion reaction to ensure that the performance of the plasma generator 20 is good when used in the nuclear fusion reaction, and to ensure a good effect of the nuclear fusion reaction.

[0035] The plasma power supply 10 is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a plasma power supply provided in one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG2 , the plasma power supply 10 includes a breakdown power module 101 and an extraction power module 102. The anode and cathode in FIG2 refer to the anode and cathode of the plasma generator, respectively, and the ground terminal GND in FIG2 represents the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber.

[0036] The breakdown power supply module 101 may include: a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a switch unit T. The first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2, and the positive electrode of the parallel capacitor is connected to the anode of the plasma generator through the switch unit T, and the negative electrode is connected to the cathode of the plasma generator. As shown in Figure 2, the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor C2, the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the negative electrode of the second capacitor C2, the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is also connected to the first end of the switch unit T, the second end of the switch unit T is connected to the anode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is also connected to the cathode of the plasma generator.

[0037] The capacitance of the first capacitor C1 can be smaller than the capacitance of the second capacitor C2, and the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 can be greater than the output voltage of the second capacitor C2. For example, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 is a second voltage. The first capacitor C1 is a high-voltage, low-capacity capacitor, and the second capacitor C2 is a low-voltage, high-capacity capacitor. For example, the first capacitor C1 can be a high-voltage film capacitor, and the second capacitor C2 can be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Both the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be single capacitors, or a capacitor group formed by connecting multiple capacitors in parallel.

[0038] When the switch unit T is turned on, a first voltage can be applied to the anode and cathode of the plasma generator by the first capacitor C1. Under the action of the first voltage, the gas between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator is broken down, and plasma is gradually generated. The resistance of the plasma is small, and a plasma current can be formed between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator. Because the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 is small and the output voltage is large, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 will drop very quickly. When the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 drops below the output voltage (such as the second voltage) of the second capacitor C2 by the first voltage, a voltage is output by the second capacitor C2 to the plasma generator to maintain outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator, so as to maintain plasma generation between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator.

[0039] As the second capacitor C2 discharges, its capacitance gradually decreases, and after a certain period of time, the second capacitor C2 will not be able to maintain the second voltage output to the plasma generator. Afterwards, the plasma current between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator will gradually disappear. What the breakdown current module 101 outputs to the plasma generator 20 is a pulse current, and the maintenance duration of the second voltage is also the pulse width of the pulse current. For example, the duration that the second capacitor C2 maintains the second voltage output to the plasma generator can be 30 milliseconds. This duration is related to the capacitance, discharge performance and output voltage of the second capacitor C2, and the duration can also be 20 milliseconds, 40 milliseconds or other durations. The duration can even reach 100 milliseconds to 200 milliseconds, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited. Due to the discharge to the plasma generator, heat will gradually accumulate on the plasma generator, which may cause equipment damage. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the duration that the second capacitor C2 can maintain the second voltage output to the plasma generator is shorter.

[0040] In one example, the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 can be 100 microfarads, and the capacitance of the second capacitor C2 can be 0.28 farads. The output voltage range of the first capacitor C1 can be 1300 volts to 1500 volts, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 can be 200 volts to 400 volts. For example, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 can be 1500 volts, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 can be 400 volts. The output current of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be the same, such as both are 2000 amps. This numerical value is only an example, and the capacitance, output voltage and output current of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can also be different from the aforementioned values, and the various parameter values ​​of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can also be adjusted accordingly when the demand for plasma current is different.

[0041] In some embodiments, the switch unit T is an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), wherein the first terminal of the switch unit T is a collector and the second terminal of the switch unit T is an emitter. The gate of the switch unit T can be connected to a control unit, which can control the on and off of the switch unit T. The switch unit T can also be replaced by other power devices that can support larger current transmission.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, two sets of capacitors are used in the breakdown power module 101 to respectively achieve gas breakdown and plasma maintenance. The two sets of capacitors are respectively a high-voltage, low-capacity voltage and a low-voltage, high-capacity capacitor. Since the technology for implementing capacitors with such characteristics is relatively mature, the capacitors required for the breakdown power module 101 are relatively easy to obtain and control, and the plasma power supply is more economical.

[0043] The first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 in the breakdown power module 101 can also be connected to a DC power supply to be charged by the DC power supply, so that the first capacitor C1 is charged to a first voltage and the second capacitor C2 is charged to a second voltage. After disconnecting the charging, the gas pressure and magnetic field in the plasma generator can be adjusted to the required conditions, and then the switch unit T is turned on to discharge the breakdown power module 101 into the plasma generator.

[0044] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 , the breakdown power module 101 may further include: a first anti-reverse diode D1, a second anti-reverse diode D2, a first current-limiting resistor R1, a second current-limiting resistor R2, and a third current-limiting resistor R3. The first anti-reverse diode D1 and the first current-limiting resistor R1 are located in the branch where the first capacitor C1 is located, and are connected in series with the first capacitor C1. The second anti-reverse diode D2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2 are located in the branch where the second capacitor C2 is located, and are connected in series with the second capacitor C2. The third current-limiting resistor R3 is located in the branch where the switch unit T is located.

[0045] The first anti-reverse diode D1 is used to prevent the current and voltage of the first capacitor C1 from reversing, and the second anti-reverse diode D2 is used to prevent the current and voltage of the second capacitor C2 from reversing. The first current-limiting resistor R1, the second current-limiting resistor R2, and the third current-limiting resistor R3 are used to prevent excessive current in the circuit when the cathode and anode of the plasma generator break down the gas, thereby reducing current oscillations in the circuit. After the gas breaks down, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 can be primarily consumed by the first current-limiting resistor R1, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 can be primarily consumed by the second current-limiting resistor R2.

[0046] The anti-reverse diode and current-limiting resistor can be connected in the following manner.

[0047] The positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the auxiliary node J via the first anti-reverse diode D1 and the first current-limiting resistor R1. The input end of the first anti-reverse diode D1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1, and the output end of the first anti-reverse diode D1 is connected to the auxiliary node J. Figure 2 uses the example of the case where the input end of the first anti-reverse diode D1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 via the first current-limiting resistor R1, that is, the first current-limiting resistor R1 is located between the first capacitor C1 and the first anti-reverse diode D1. The positions of the first anti-reverse diode D1 and the first current-limiting resistor R1 can also be interchanged.

[0048] The positive electrode of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the auxiliary node J via the second anti-backward diode D2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2. The input end of the second anti-backward diode D2 is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor C2, and the output end of the second anti-backward diode D2 is connected to the auxiliary node J. Figure 2 uses the output end of the second anti-backward diode D2 connected to the auxiliary node J via the second current-limiting resistor R2 as an example, that is, the second anti-backward diode D2 is located between the second capacitor C2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2. The second anti-backward diode D2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2 can also be interchanged.

[0049] The first end of the switch unit T is connected to the auxiliary node J, and the second end of the switch unit T is connected to the anode of the plasma generator through the third current-limiting resistor R3. The second end of the switch unit T is connected to the first end of the third current-limiting resistor R3, and the second end of the third current-limiting resistor R3 is connected to the anode of the plasma generator.

[0050] The resistance of the first current-limiting resistor R1 can be greater than the resistance of the second current-limiting resistor R2. The resistance of the first current-limiting resistor R1 and the second current-limiting resistor R2 can both be greater than the resistance of the third current-limiting resistor R3. For example, the resistance of the first current-limiting resistor R1 can be 5 ohms, the resistance of the second current-limiting resistor R2 can be 250 milliohms, and the resistance of the third current-limiting resistor R3 can be 100 milliohms. The aforementioned resistance values ​​can also be other values, which can be specifically set according to circuit requirements and are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, some components in the first anti-reverse diode D1, the second anti-reverse diode D2, the first current limiting resistor R1, the second current limiting resistor R2 and the third current limiting resistor R3 may also not be set, and the circuit structure of the breakdown power supply module 101 can be adjusted accordingly. Other circuit structures that can be obtained by adjustment are not further illustrated here.

[0052] In some embodiments, referring again to FIG. 2 , the breakdown power module 101 may further include a first bypass resistor R4. The two ends of the first bypass resistor R4 may be connected to the anode and cathode of the plasma generator, respectively. The second end of the switch unit T may also be connected to the first end of the first bypass resistor R4, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 may also be connected to the second end of the first bypass resistor R4. If the breakdown power module 101 includes a third current-limiting resistor R3, the second end of the switch unit T may be connected to the first end of the first bypass resistor R4 via the third current-limiting resistor R3.

[0053] The first bypass resistor R4 is used to prevent the cathode and anode of the plasma generator from not breaking down and affecting the circuit. When not breaking down, the current output by the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be transmitted by the first bypass resistor R4. As in the case where the breakdown power module 101 outputs the first voltage to the plasma generator, and the plasma generator does not produce plasma, the first bypass resistor R4 is used to transmit the current corresponding to the first voltage. Even if the cathode and anode of the plasma generator cannot break down the gas due to some reasons (such as air pressure, magnetic field do not meet the requirements or the plasma load itself is unstable), the energy in the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can also be slowly released by the first bypass resistor R4, to ensure circuit reliability.

[0054] The resistance of the first bypass resistor R4 can be greater than the resistance of the first current-limiting resistor R1, the second current-limiting resistor R2, and the third current-limiting resistor R3. For example, the resistance of the first bypass resistor R4 can be 500 ohms. This resistance can also be other values, which can be set according to circuit requirements and are not limited in this embodiment of the application.

[0055] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 2 , the breakdown power module 101 further includes a third capacitor C3 and a third anti-reverse diode D3 . The third capacitor C3 can be connected in parallel with the third anti-reverse diode D3 and the first bypass resistor R4 .

[0056] The second end of the switch unit T is also connected to the positive electrode of the third capacitor C3, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is also connected to the negative electrode of the third capacitor C3. The positive electrode of the third capacitor C3 is also connected to the output end of the third anti-reverse diode D3, and the negative electrode of the third capacitor C3 is also connected to the input end of the third anti-reverse diode D3. In the case where the breakdown power supply module 101 includes a third current-limiting resistor R3, the second end of the switch unit T is connected to the positive electrode of the third capacitor C3 through the third current-limiting resistor R3.

[0057] The third capacitor C3 can absorb the sudden change current generated when the plasma generator breakdown gas produces plasma. When the plasma generated between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator forms a plasma current, the load in the circuit can suddenly decrease, and there may be stray inductance in the circuit so that the current in the circuit suddenly increases. The third capacitor C3 can absorb the current that suddenly increases, ensuring the stability of the circuit. When the plasma current between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator goes out, a current spike may also occur in the circuit to produce a sudden change current, and the sudden change current at this moment can also be absorbed by the third capacitor C3.

[0058] The third capacitor C3 can be a high-voltage capacitor. The capacitance of the third capacitor C3 can be smaller than the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. For example, the capacitance of the third capacitor C3 can be in the microfarad level, such as the capacitance of the third capacitor C3 is 2.8 microfarads. The capacitance can also be other values, which can be set according to circuit requirements and are not limited in the present embodiment.

[0059] Continuing with Figure 2 , the lead-out power module 102 includes at least two capacitor modules M connected in series. The two capacitor modules M at the two ends of the series are connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, respectively. Each capacitor module M may include a capacitor C and at least two switches connected to the two ends of the capacitor C.

[0060] When the breakdown power module 101 outputs a first voltage, the two switches respectively connected to the two ends of the capacitor C in each capacitor module M are turned on, so that the capacitors C in each capacitor module M are connected in series. When the switch unit T is turned on, the two switches respectively connected to the two ends of the capacitor C can be turned on. Then, each capacitor C in series applies a voltage to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator to form an electric field between the outer shell and the anode. Under the action of the electric field, the plasma generated by the plasma generator is used to form a plasma current between the outer shell and the anode.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present application, the duration of the plasma current between the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator can be slightly different from the duration of the plasma current between the cathode and anode of the plasma generator. The difference between the two durations can be within 0.5 milliseconds. For example, the plasma current between the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator can also be maintained for 30 milliseconds. This can prevent the anode of the plasma generator from discharging to the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, causing ablation of the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber; and can improve the utilization rate of the plasma and the duration of the nuclear fusion reaction; it can also prevent the irregular movement of plasma in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and avoid affecting the working process of other components.

[0062] Of the at least two capacitor modules M in the breakdown power module 102, the voltage provided by one capacitor module M can serve as a base, and the voltage provided by the other capacitor modules M can serve as a floating voltage superimposed on the base. By providing these multiple capacitor modules M, the current waveform can be more precisely controlled to ensure that the plasma current drawn into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber has a small variation within the duration, and the waveform of the plasma current can be a flat-top waveform. Based on this plasma current, the stability of the subsequent nuclear fusion reaction can be improved.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present application, the power supply module 102 includes two capacitor modules M, and each capacitor module M includes four switches, and each end of each capacitor C is connected to two switches as an example. As shown in Figure 2, the setting of the capacitor module M can be similar to an H-bridge circuit. Each capacitor module M includes a first switch T1, a second switch T2, a third switch T3 and a fourth switch T4. In each capacitor module M, the positive pole of capacitor C, the first end of the first switch T1 and the first end of the third switch T3 are connected, the negative pole of capacitor C, the second end of the second switch T2 and the second end of the fourth switch T4 are connected, the second end of the first switch T1 is connected to the first end of the second switch T2, and the second end of the third switch T3 is connected to the first end of the fourth switch T4.

[0064] When the breakdown power module 101 outputs the first voltage, the second switch T2 and the third switch T3 in each capacitor module M can be turned on, and the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 can be turned off. At this time, the capacitors C in the two capacitor modules M are connected in series to apply a voltage to the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, so as to form an electric field between the shell and the anode, thereby generating a plasma current.

[0065] In the process of the second switch T2 and the 3rd switch T3 being turned on in each capacitor module M, the opening duty cycle of pulse width modulation (PWM) adjustment switch can be utilized to control the current waveform transmitted in the power module 102. As the current waveform can be made to be flat-top wave, the variation value of plasma current is less than the target threshold value, to ensure that the plasma current is substantially constant. The adjustment parameter of duty cycle can be based on the current and voltage (such as the voltage output by capacitor C) setting in the power module 102 measured. For example, the second switch T2 in each capacitor module M can be made to remain normally open, and the opening duty cycle of the 3rd switch T3 can be regulated.

[0066] The capacitor C in the capacitor module M can output a current that meets the current value required by the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The plasma current required in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber is relatively large, such as up to 10 kiloamperes. Each switch in each capacitor module M can be composed of multiple sub-switches to ensure that each switch can support the transmission of 10 kiloamperes of current. The capacitor C in the capacitor module M can be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. The capacity of the capacitor C can be relatively small, such as 0.56 farads. The output voltage of the capacitor C can also be relatively small, such as the type of the capacitor C in each capacitor module M can be the same, and the capacitance can also be the same. The capacitors C in different capacitor modules M can also be different, in which case the control parameters of the modulation model can be changed accordingly. The capacitor C can be a single capacitor or formed by multiple sub-capacitors connected in parallel.

[0067] Each switch in the capacitor module M can be an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), with the first end of the switch being the collector and the second end being the emitter. The gate of the switch can be connected to a control unit that can control the on and off of the switch. The IGBT includes a diode connected in parallel with the transistor. During the discharge of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M, the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 can simply function as diodes. In some embodiments, the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 can also be replaced by diodes. The switches can also be replaced by other power devices that can support larger current transmission.

[0068] In some embodiments, the switches in the two capacitor modules M may belong to an integral module, and the capacitors C in the two capacitor modules M may belong to an integral module, and the two modules may be connected to obtain the two capacitor modules M connected in series. In this way, the component structure of the power supply module 101 can be relatively simple and can be flexibly adjusted. If the second switch T2 or the third switch T3 in any capacitor module M fails, it is only necessary to reverse the connection of the capacitor C and the module to which the switch belongs, so that the positive electrode of the capacitor C is connected to the second end of the second switch T2 and the second end of the fourth switch T4, without replacing the entire circuit structure, which facilitates circuit maintenance.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present application, the outgoing power supply module 102 may also include three or more capacitor modules M. The capacitor module M may also include only three or two switches, and one end of the capacitor C may also be connected to only one switch. For example, the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 may not be provided in the capacitor module M.

[0070] In some embodiments, referring again to FIG. 2 , the output power module 102 may further include a second bypass resistor R5 . The two ends of the second bypass resistor R5 may be connected to the housing of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, respectively. Two capacitor modules M at both ends of the at least two capacitor modules M connected in series may be connected to the two ends of the second bypass resistor R5 , respectively.

[0071] The second bypass resistor R5 is used to prevent the plasma current from being formed between the housing and the anode from affecting the circuit. When the plasma current is not formed, the current transmitted by the capacitor C in each capacitor module M can be transmitted through the second bypass resistor R5. Even if the plasma current cannot be formed due to some reasons, the energy in the capacitor C can be slowly released through the second bypass resistor R5 to ensure circuit reliability. For example, the resistance value of the second bypass resistor R5 can be 30 ohms. The resistance value can also be other values, which can be specifically set according to the circuit requirements, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0072] In some embodiments, referring again to FIG. 2 , the lead-out power module 102 may further include an inductor L, through which the capacitor module M is connected to the housing of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. For example, the second end of the third switch T3 in the capacitor module M is connected to the first end of the fourth switch T4, and both are also connected to the first end of the inductor L; the second end of the inductor L is connected to the housing of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber.

[0073] Inductor L can stabilize the current in the output power module 102, reducing the current rise and fall rates and balancing the instability of the plasma load. When the plasma impedance between the nuclear fusion reaction chamber housing and the plasma generator anode increases, the presence of inductor L can ensure that a higher voltage is provided to the nuclear fusion reaction chamber housing, ensuring the stability of the current in the circuit. Even if the plasma current between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator is quenched, the plasma current between the nuclear fusion reaction chamber housing and the plasma generator anode can be ensured to be unaffected, ensuring better power supply safety.

[0074] The rated current of the inductor L can be relatively high, and the structural strength can be relatively high. The inductance of the inductor L can be relatively small, for example, the inductance of the inductor L can be 50 microhenries. The inductance can also be other values, which can be set according to the circuit requirements and are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0075] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 , the lead-out power module 102 may further include a fourth current-limiting resistor R4. The capacitor module M is connected to the housing of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber via the fourth current-limiting resistor R4 and the inductor L. The fourth current-limiting resistor R4 may be located between the capacitor module M and the inductor L, with the capacitor module M being connected to a first end of the inductor L via the fourth current-limiting resistor R4. Alternatively, the inductor L may be located between the capacitor module M and the fourth current-limiting resistor R4.

[0076] The fourth current-limiting resistor R4 is used to prevent excessive current in the circuit when plasma current is generated between the housing of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, thereby reducing current oscillations in the circuit. The resistance of the fourth current-limiting resistor R4 can be relatively small, for example, the resistance of the fourth current-limiting resistor R4 can be 50 milliohms. This resistance can also be other values, specifically set according to circuit requirements, and is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0077] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 2, the lead power module 102 may further include a freewheeling diode D4. The input end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the anode of the plasma generator, and the output end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The freewheeling diode D4 can be located after the inductor L, and the second end of the inductor L is also connected to the output end of the freewheeling diode D4, and the input end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the negative pole of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M. For example, the input end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the second end of the first switch T1 and the first end of the second switch T2, and then connected to the negative pole of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M through the second switch T2.

[0078] The freewheeling diode D4 can be used to freewheel the plasma between the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, and to freewheel the stray inductance in the transmission line leading out of the power module 102. When the capacitor C in the capacitor module M stops discharging, the plasma current between the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, as well as the current generated by the stray inductance in the transmission line, can also be transmitted through the freewheeling diode D4.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, only FIG2 is used as an example to illustrate the case where the plasma power supply 10 includes all the components mentioned above. The components in the above different embodiments can also be combined in different ways to obtain different structures of the plasma power supply 10, which will not be further illustrated here.

[0080] In the plasma power supply 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the breakdown power supply module 101 is responsible for outputting a breakdown voltage (i.e., the above-mentioned first voltage) and a pulse current to the plasma generator. If the breakdown voltage reaches 1500 volts, the current value of the pulse current is 2000 amps, and the duration can reach 30 milliseconds. The breakdown voltage is provided by the first capacitor C1. When the breakdown voltage is applied to the cathode and anode of the plasma generator, the gas in the plasma generator can be broken down to produce plasma. Afterwards, the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module 101 can be quickly reduced to a second voltage (e.g., 400 volts) and maintained, and continue to output a pulse current of 2000 amps. The second voltage maintained and the current continuously output thereafter are provided by the second capacitor C2. In this way, the plasma generated by the breakdown power supply module 101 and the plasma generator can form a plasma current loop and can maintain the plasma current. The extraction power supply module 102 is responsible for extracting the plasma current from the plasma generator into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The power supply module 102 can output a current of 10 kA for a duration of up to 30 milliseconds. When the power supply module 101 is broken down to cause the plasma generator to generate plasma, the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, the anode and cathode of the plasma generator can form a plasma current loop.

[0081] In the embodiment of the present application, each capacitor in the plasma power supply 10 can be charged to a target capacitance value. For example, the first capacitor C1 in the breakdown power supply module 101 can be charged to 1500 volts, the second capacitor C2 can be charged to 400 volts, and the capacitor C in the lead power supply module 102 can be charged to 300 volts. Afterwards, the gas pressure and magnetic field in the plasma generator and the nuclear fusion reaction chamber can be adjusted to suitable parameters, and then the switch unit T is turned on. At this time, the breakdown power supply module 101 uses its first capacitor C1 to apply a breakdown voltage to the cathode and anode of the plasma generator, and the current output by the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be transmitted by the first bypass resistor R4. Under the action of this breakdown voltage, the gas between the cathode and anode of the plasma generator is broken down and gradually produces plasma, and the current output by the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be transmitted by this plasma. Since the impedance when the plasma is used as a load is very small, the first bypass resistor R4 is equivalent to being short-circuited. Furthermore, thereafter, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 rapidly drops to below a second voltage (eg, 400V), and the second capacitor C2 maintains the discharge to the plasma generator, and the current is maintained for about 30 milliseconds.

[0082] When the switch unit T is triggered to open, the second switch T2 and the third switch T3 in each capacitor module M of the output power module 102 can be triggered to open simultaneously. At this time, the capacitor C, the fourth current-limiting resistor R6, the inductor L and the second bypass resistor R5 in the capacitor module M form a current loop. In addition, the output power module 102 forms an electric field between the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator during nuclear fusion. In this process, the opening duty cycle of the second switch T2 and the third switch T3 can be controlled based on the output voltage of the capacitor C to ensure that the power supply in the circuit is constant. After the gas between the cathode and cathode of the plasma generator is broken down and plasma is gradually generated, the plasma can diffuse between the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, and under the action of the electric field, a plasma current will gradually form, thereby forming a plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The plasma current can also last for 30 milliseconds. In this way, a plasma current loop is formed between the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode and cathode of the plasma generator.

[0083] If breakdown is not achieved between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator during the above process, the capacitor voltage in the breakdown power module 101 can be released through the first bypass resistor R4, and the capacitor voltage in the lead-out power module 102 can be released through the second bypass resistor R5.

[0084] In the plasma power supply provided in the embodiment of the present application, the breakdown power supply module can output a higher breakdown voltage, thereby meeting the plasma generator's demand for stable breakdown. After the plasma is generated, the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module can be automatically maintained at a lower voltage, thereby meeting the demand for stable maintenance of the plasma. The extraction power supply module can extract a plasma current with a larger current value, thereby meeting the demand for driving a large current plasma. The extraction power supply module can adopt feedback control technology to adjust the waveform of the extracted plasma current by controlling the on-duty cycle of the switch, so that the waveform of the plasma current can be a flat-top waveform, thereby ensuring the stability of the plasma current. In addition, the extraction power supply module can utilize inductance to prevent the influence on the plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber when the plasma current at the plasma generator is quenched, and the safety of the power supply is relatively high.

[0085] In summary, the plasma power supply provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a breakdown power supply module and an extraction power supply module. The breakdown power supply module can be used to enable the plasma generator to generate plasma, and the plasma is maintained in the stage where the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module is maintained at the second voltage. The extraction power supply module can form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and a plasma current is formed between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma generated by the plasma generator and the electric field, thereby achieving the extraction of the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. In this way, the plasma current can be obtained without adding an additional magnetic field to control the plasma generated by the plasma generator, which can simplify the formation process of the plasma current.

[0086] FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a plasma power supply according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to the plasma power supply 10 described above. For example, the plasma power supply 10 may be connected to a control unit, and the control unit may be used to execute the control method to control the plasma power supply 10. As shown in FIG3 , the method may include:

[0087] Step 302: Control the breakdown power module in the plasma power supply to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, and maintain outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to the second voltage.

[0088] The control unit can control the breakdown power module to output a first voltage to the plasma generator by controlling the switch unit in the breakdown power module to be turned on. Under the pressure of the first voltage, plasma can be generated between the anode and cathode of the plasma. Afterwards, the output voltage of the breakdown power module can automatically decrease, and when it decreases to a second voltage, the second voltage can be maintained. The first voltage and the second voltage can be provided by two capacitors in the breakdown power module respectively.

[0089] Step 304: Control the extraction power module in the plasma power supply to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator generates plasma, form a plasma current between the shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

[0090] For example, when controlling the breakdown power module to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, the control unit can control the capacitor in the extraction power module to output a current, thereby forming an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. Subsequently, after plasma is generated, this electric field can generate a plasma current between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator.

[0091] Continuing with reference to FIG2 , the control unit controls the two switches (such as the second switch T2 and the third switch T3) in each capacitor module M, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the capacitor C, to turn on, so that the capacitor C in each capacitor module M outputs a voltage to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell.

[0092] In the process of controlling the conduction of the two switches connected to the two ends of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M, the control unit can adjust the on-duty cycle of the switch in each capacitor module M so that the change value of the plasma current is less than the target threshold.

[0093] For the control method shown in FIG3 , reference may be made to the above description of the plasma power supply, which will not be described in detail here.

[0094] In summary, in the control method of the plasma power supply provided in the embodiment of the present application, the breakdown power module in the plasma power supply can be controlled to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, so that the plasma generator generates plasma, and the plasma is maintained in the stage where the output voltage of the breakdown power module is maintained at the second voltage. The extraction power module is controlled to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and a plasma current is formed between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma generated by the plasma generator and the electric field, thereby achieving the extraction of the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. In this way, the plasma current can be obtained without adding an additional magnetic field to control the plasma generated by the plasma generator, which can simplify the process of forming the plasma current.

[0095] The foregoing description describes specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in an order different from that described in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order shown or the sequential order to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0096] Those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by this application. In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts not detailed in one embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0097] The preferred embodiments disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present application. The optional embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present application to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of the present application. The present application selects and describes these embodiments in detail in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present application.

Claims

1. A plasma power supply, comprising: a breakdown power supply module configured to output a first voltage to a plasma generator, wherein the plasma generator generates plasma under the pressure of the first voltage; and maintain outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to a second voltage; The lead-out power supply module is configured to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator generates plasma, form a plasma current between the shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

2. The plasma power supply according to claim 1, wherein: The breakdown power supply module comprises: a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a switch unit, wherein the capacitance of the first capacitor is smaller than the capacitance of the second capacitor; The positive electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor, the negative electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the negative electrode of the second capacitor, the positive electrode of the first capacitor is also connected to the first end of the switch unit, the second end of the switch unit is connected to the anode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is also connected to the cathode of the plasma generator; The first capacitor is configured to output the first voltage to the plasma generator when the switch unit is turned on; the second capacitor is configured to maintain outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to the second voltage.

3. The plasma power supply according to claim 2, wherein: The breakdown power supply module further includes: a first anti-reverse diode, a second anti-reverse diode, a first current limiting resistor, a second current limiting resistor and a third current limiting resistor, wherein the resistance value of the first current limiting resistor is greater than the resistance value of the second current limiting resistor; The positive electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the auxiliary node through the first anti-reverse diode and the first current-limiting resistor, and the input end of the first anti-reverse diode is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor, and the output end of the first anti-reverse diode is connected to the auxiliary node; The positive electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the auxiliary node through the second anti-reverse diode and the second current limiting resistor, and the input end of the second anti-reverse diode is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor, and the output end of the second anti-reverse diode is connected to the auxiliary node; A first end of the switch unit is connected to the auxiliary node, and a second end of the switch unit is connected to an anode of the plasma generator through the third current limiting resistor.

4. The plasma power supply according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The breakdown power supply module further includes: a first bypass resistor; The second end of the switch unit is also connected to the first end of the first bypass resistor, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is also connected to the second end of the first bypass resistor; The first bypass resistor is used to transmit a current corresponding to the first voltage when the breakdown power module outputs a first voltage to the plasma generator and the plasma generator does not generate plasma.

5. The plasma power supply according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The breakdown power supply module further includes: a third capacitor and a third anti-reverse diode; The second end of the switch unit is also connected to the positive electrode of the third capacitor, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is also connected to the negative electrode of the third capacitor; the positive electrode of the third capacitor is also connected to the output end of the third anti-reverse diode, and the negative electrode of the third capacitor is also connected to the input end of the third anti-reverse diode; The third capacitor is configured to absorb a sudden current generated when the plasma generator generates plasma.

6. The plasma power supply according to claim 1, wherein: The lead-out power supply module comprises: at least two capacitor modules connected in series, and the two capacitor modules at both ends are respectively connected to the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator; Each capacitor module includes: a capacitor and at least two switches respectively connected to the two ends of the capacitor; when the breakdown power module outputs a first voltage, the two switches respectively connected to the two ends of the capacitor in each capacitor module are turned on, and the capacitors in the at least two capacitor modules output voltage to form an electric field between the shell and the anode.

7. The plasma power supply according to claim 6, wherein: Each capacitor module includes a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch; In each capacitor module, the positive electrode of the capacitor, the first end of the first switch and the first end of the third switch are connected, the negative electrode of the capacitor, the second end of the second switch and the second end of the fourth switch are connected, the second end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the second switch, and the second end of the third switch is connected to the first end of the fourth switch; In the case where the breakdown power module outputs the first voltage, the second switch and the third switch in each capacitor module are turned on, and the first switch and the fourth switch are turned off.

8. The plasma power supply according to claim 7, wherein: Any switch in the capacitor module is an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, the first end of the switch is a collector, and the second end of the switch is an emitter.

9. The plasma power supply according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: The output power module further includes: a second bypass resistor; Two capacitor modules at both ends of the at least two capacitor modules connected in series are also connected to both ends of the second bypass resistor respectively; The second bypass resistor is configured to transmit current output by capacitors in the at least two capacitor modules when an electric field is formed between the housing and the anode and no plasma current is generated.

10. The plasma power supply according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: The lead-out power supply module further includes: an inductor, a fourth current limiting resistor and a freewheeling diode; The at least two capacitor modules are connected to the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber through the inductor and the fourth current limiting resistor; the at least two capacitor modules are connected to the first end of the inductor, and the second end of the inductor is connected to the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber; The second end of the inductor is also connected to the output end of the freewheeling diode, and the input end of the freewheeling diode is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor in the at least two capacitor modules.

11. A method for controlling a plasma power supply, applied to the plasma power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the method comprising: Controlling a breakdown power module in the plasma power supply to output a first voltage to a plasma generator, and maintaining outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to a second voltage; An extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply is controlled to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator generates plasma, a plasma current is formed between the shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The extraction power module includes at least two capacitor modules connected in series, each capacitor module includes: a capacitor and at least two switches connected to both ends of the capacitor respectively; the extraction power module in the plasma power supply is controlled to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, including: Two switches respectively connected to the two ends of the capacitor in each capacitor module are controlled to be turned on, so that the capacitors in the at least two capacitor modules output voltage to the shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the shell.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: In the process of controlling the conduction of two switches respectively connected to the two ends of the capacitor in each capacitor module, the on-duty ratio of the switch in each capacitor module is adjusted so that the change value of the plasma current is less than the target threshold.

14. A fusion reaction system, comprising: A nuclear fusion reaction device, a plasma generator and a plasma power supply as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10; The positive electrode of the breakdown power module and the negative electrode of the lead-out power module in the plasma power supply are both connected to the anode of the plasma generator, the negative electrode of the breakdown power module is connected to the cathode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the lead-out power module is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

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