Electronic device

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application is an electronic device. The electronic device comprises an antenna structure, which antenna structure comprises: a feed port; a first antenna unit, which first antenna unit comprises a first antenna main stub and a first antenna parasitic stub, wherein the first antenna main stub is connected to the feed port, the direction in which the first antenna main stub and the first antenna parasitic stub extend in the circumferential direction of the electronic device is a first direction, and the first antenna unit is used for receiving a signal; and a second antenna unit, which second antenna unit comprises a second antenna main stub and a second antenna parasitic stub, wherein the second antenna main stub is connected to the feed port, the direction in which the second antenna main stub and the second antenna parasitic stub extend in the circumferential direction of the electronic device is a second direction, the second direction being opposite to the first direction, and the second antenna unit is used for transmitting a signal.

Description

electronic devices

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on December 19, 2023, with application number 202311746468.0 and invention name “Electronic Device”. The entire contents of the application are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to an electronic device. Background Art

[0004] With the development of integrated communications technology across land, sea, air, and space, satellite communications are gaining increasing attention. When satellite communications technology is applied to electronic devices, these devices typically use linearly polarized antennas. Because of the Faraday rotation effect when satellites travel through the ionosphere, the use of linearly polarized antennas changes the direction of electromagnetic waves, resulting in poor communication performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electronic device that at least solves one of the problems of poor communication performance of electronic devices.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes an antenna structure, and the antenna structure includes: a feeding port; a first antenna unit, the first antenna unit including a first antenna main branch and a first antenna parasitic branch, the first antenna main branch being connected to the feeding port, and the direction in which the first antenna main branch and the first antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially along the electronic device is a first direction, and the first antenna unit is used to receive signals; a second antenna unit, the second antenna unit including a second antenna main branch and a second antenna parasitic branch, the second antenna main branch being connected to the feeding port, and the direction in which the second antenna main branch and the second antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially along the electronic device is a second direction, the second direction is opposite to the first direction, and the second antenna unit is used to transmit signals.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present application, an electronic device includes an antenna structure, the antenna structure including: a feed port; a first antenna unit, the first antenna unit including a first antenna main branch and a first antenna parasitic branch, the first antenna main branch being connected to the feed port, the direction in which the first antenna main branch and the first antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially of the electronic device being a first direction, and the first antenna unit being used to receive signals; a second antenna unit, the second antenna unit including a second antenna main branch and a second antenna parasitic branch, the second antenna main branch being connected to the feed port, the direction in which the second antenna main branch and the second antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially of the electronic device being a second direction, the second direction being opposite to the first direction, and the second antenna unit being used to transmit signals. In this way, by providing the first antenna main branch, the first antenna parasitic branch, the second antenna main branch, and the second antenna parasitic branch, the direction in which the first antenna main branch and the first antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially of the electronic device is opposite to the direction in which the second antenna main branch and the second antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially of the electronic device, thereby supporting the implementation of circular polarization of the antenna, thereby improving the communication effect of the electronic device.

[0008] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description and in part will become obvious from the following description or will be learned through practice of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0010] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0011] FIG2 is a second structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0012] FIG3 is a third structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0013] FIG4 is a fourth structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] FIG5 is a fifth structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] FIG6 is a sixth structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] FIG7 is a seventh structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] FIG8 is an eighth structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] FIG9 is a diagram of an S-parameter display interface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] FIG10 is a diagram of a Smith diagram display interface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] FIG11 is a diagram showing a simulated antenna efficiency display interface provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] FIG12 is a diagram of a left-handed circularly polarized display interface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG13 is a diagram of a right-handed circularly polarized display interface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG14 is one of the axial ratio display interface diagrams provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG15 is a second diagram of an axial ratio display interface provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG16 is one of the current distribution display interface diagrams provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG17 is a second diagram of a current distribution display interface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly refer to one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected entities, and the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the connected entities.

[0030] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean internal communication between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific circumstances.

[0032] The electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below through specific embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes an antenna structure, and the antenna structure includes: a feeding port 10; a first antenna unit 20, the first antenna unit 20 includes a first antenna main branch 21 and a first antenna parasitic branch 22, the first antenna main branch 21 is connected to the feeding port 10, and the direction in which the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 extend circumferentially of the electronic device is a first direction, and the first antenna unit 20 is used to receive signals; a second antenna unit 30, the second antenna unit 30 includes a second antenna main branch 31 and a second antenna parasitic branch 32, the second antenna main branch 31 is connected to the feeding port 10, and the direction in which the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 extend circumferentially of the electronic device is a second direction, the second direction is opposite to the first direction, and the second antenna unit 30 is used to transmit signals.

[0034] The main antenna branch may also be described as a main antenna radiator branch, and the parasitic antenna branch may also be described as a parasitic antenna radiator branch.

[0035] In one embodiment, the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are arranged on the frame of the electronic device, and the direction in which the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 extend along the frame of the electronic device is a first surrounding direction, and the first direction is the first surrounding direction; the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are arranged on the frame of the electronic device, and the direction in which the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 extend along the frame of the electronic device is a second surrounding direction, and the second direction is the second surrounding direction, and the first surrounding direction is opposite to the second surrounding direction.

[0036] In one embodiment, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be greater than 0° and less than 180°.

[0037] For example, the border of the electronic device is rectangular, and the angle between the first direction and the second direction can be 90°; or, the border of the electronic device is circular, and the angle between the first direction and the second direction can be greater than 0° and less than 180°, the first direction can be a first rotation direction, the second direction can be a second rotation direction, and the first rotation direction and the second rotation direction are opposite rotation directions.

[0038] In one embodiment, the first direction may be clockwise, and the second direction may be counterclockwise; or, the first direction may be counterclockwise, and the second direction may be clockwise.

[0039] In which, the first antenna unit 20 can also include a first parasitic matching circuit 23, which is connected to the first antenna parasitic branch 22. The first parasitic matching circuit 23 is used to adjust the current phase difference generated by the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22, so that the polarization direction of the first antenna unit 20 at the receiving frequency is right-hand circular polarization; or, the first parasitic matching circuit 23 can be not set, and only the length of the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can be adjusted through testing, so that the polarization direction of the first antenna unit 20 at the receiving frequency is right-hand circular polarization.

[0040] Among them, the second antenna unit 30 can also include a second parasitic matching circuit 33, which is connected to the second antenna parasitic branch 32. The second parasitic matching circuit 33 is used to adjust the current phase difference generated by the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32, so that the polarization direction of the second antenna unit 30 at the transmitting frequency is left-hand circular polarization; or, the second parasitic matching circuit 33 can be omitted, and only the length of the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can be adjusted through testing, so that the polarization direction of the second antenna unit 30 at the transmitting frequency is left-hand circular polarization.

[0041] Among them, the electronic device may include an antenna structure, and the electronic device may include a accommodating cavity, which can accommodate the antenna structure. The accommodating cavity can be a square structure, a circular structure, or an irregularly shaped structure, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0042] For example, the electronic device may include a square structure, the antenna structure is disposed in the square structure, and the feeding port 10 of the antenna structure is disposed near any one of the four right angles of the square structure.

[0043] Taking a smartwatch as an example, the electronic device comprises a screen module, a plastic middle frame, and a bottom shell. The screen module is located above the plastic middle frame, which is in turn located above the bottom shell. The antenna structure can be disposed within a cavity formed by the plastic middle frame, and the feed port 10 can be placed at any of the four corners of the plastic middle frame. These four corners can be described as 11 o'clock, 1 o'clock, 5 o'clock, and 7 o'clock, based on the smartwatch's clock perspective.

[0044] In one embodiment, the feeding port 10 can be placed in any one of the four corners of the plastic middle frame, and the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22, the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are arranged at a certain angle or arc, so that the polarization direction of the second antenna unit 30 at the transmitting frequency is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction of the first antenna unit 20 at the receiving frequency is right-hand circular polarization.

[0045] For example, as shown in FIG1 , the feeding port 10 is located at the 11 o'clock direction; as shown in FIG3 , the feeding port 10 is located at the 1 o'clock direction.

[0046] It's important to note that with the development of 6G integrated land, sea, air, and space communications technology, satellite communications are becoming increasingly popular. Because satellites experience Faraday rotation when they pass through the ionosphere, the direction of electromagnetic waves changes if linearly polarized antennas are used. Circularly polarized antennas, on the other hand, avoid this problem. Therefore, circularly polarized antennas are typically used for satellite communications.

[0047] Smartwatches are increasingly becoming an indispensable smart terminal device in people's daily lives due to their portability and their functions such as health monitoring and exercise monitoring. Related technologies integrate satellite communications into smartwatches. However, the design of circularly polarized antennas for smartwatch satellite communications is a major challenge.

[0048] Table 1 shows the frequency bands and circular polarization directions of satellite communications in related technologies.

[0049] It should be noted that the antenna of a smart watch is generally a linearly polarized antenna. If Beidou satellite communication is to be achieved, the antenna needs to be left-hand circularly polarized in the transmitting frequency band and right-hand circularly polarized in the receiving frequency band. Currently, there is no corresponding implementation solution on smart watches.

[0050] The embodiment of the present application proposes an antenna design that meets the circular polarization requirements of smartwatch satellite communications, which can achieve left-hand circular polarization in the transmitting frequency band and right-hand circular polarization in the receiving frequency band. The embodiment of the present application designs and arranges the transmitting branches, receiving branches, and the corresponding parasitic winding directions, that is, the transmitting branches and parasitic routing are counterclockwise, and the receiving branches and receiving parasitic routing are clockwise, so that the polarization direction of the antenna in the transmitting frequency band is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction in the receiving frequency band is right-hand circular polarization, which meets the circular polarization rotation requirements of Beidou satellite communications and can improve user experience. Furthermore, the embodiment of the present application can improve the axial ratio characteristics and further improve the circular polarization performance by loading capacitors and inductors on the parasitic branches.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure includes: a feeding port 10; a first antenna unit 20, the first antenna unit 20 including a first antenna main branch 21 and a first antenna parasitic branch 22, the first antenna main branch 21 being connected to the feeding port 10, the extension direction of the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 being a first direction, and the first antenna unit 20 being used to receive signals; a second antenna unit 30, the second antenna unit 30 including a second antenna main branch 31 and a second antenna parasitic branch 32, the second antenna main branch 31 being connected to the feeding port 10, the extension direction of the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 being a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction, and the second antenna unit 30 being used to transmit signals. In this way, by setting the first antenna main branch, the first antenna parasitic branch, the second antenna main branch and the second antenna parasitic branch, the direction in which the first antenna main branch and the first antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially along the electronic device is opposite to the direction in which the second antenna main branch and the second antenna parasitic branch extend circumferentially along the electronic device, which can support the realization of circular polarization of the antenna, thereby improving the communication effect of the electronic device.

[0052] Optionally, the polarization direction of the second antenna unit 30 at the transmitting frequency is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction of the first antenna unit 20 at the receiving frequency is right-hand circular polarization.

[0053] In this embodiment, the polarization direction of the second antenna unit 30 at the transmitting frequency is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction of the first antenna unit 20 at the receiving frequency is right-hand circular polarization, so that the antenna can meet the circular polarization rotation direction requirements of Beidou satellite communication, improve the communication effect of electronic equipment, and thus enhance user experience.

[0054] Optionally, as shown in FIG5 and FIG6 , the first direction is clockwise, and the second direction is counterclockwise.

[0055] The first antenna main branch and the first antenna parasitic branch may extend in a clockwise direction along the circumference of the electronic device; the second antenna main branch and the second antenna parasitic branch may extend in a counterclockwise direction along the circumference of the electronic device.

[0056] It should be noted that, by designing the layout of the first antenna unit 20 and the second antenna unit 30 and their winding direction, that is, the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are counterclockwise, and the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are clockwise, the polarization direction of the antenna in the transmitting frequency band is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction in the receiving frequency band is right-hand circular polarization, which meets the circular polarization rotation direction requirements of Beidou satellite communication and can improve user experience.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first direction is clockwise and the second direction is counterclockwise, so that the polarization direction of the second antenna unit 30 at the transmitting frequency is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction of the first antenna unit 20 at the receiving frequency is right-hand circular polarization, which meets the circular polarization rotation direction requirements of Beidou satellite communication.

[0058] Optionally, the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is coupled to the first antenna main branch 21; and / or,

[0059] The second antenna parasitic branch 32 is coupled to the second antenna main branch 31 .

[0060] The routing length of the first antenna main branch 21 can be set to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the received signal, and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can be set at a certain distance from the end of the first antenna main branch 21. The routing length of the second antenna main branch 31 can be set to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the transmitted signal, and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can be set at a certain distance from the end of the second antenna main branch 31.

[0061] In this embodiment, the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is coupled with the first antenna main branch 21; thereby, the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can both generate a pattern, and when the patterns generated by the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 differ by 90°, the first antenna unit 20 can generate circular polarization; and / or, the second antenna parasitic branch 32 is coupled with the second antenna main branch 31, thereby, the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can both generate a pattern, and when the patterns generated by the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 differ by 90°, the second antenna unit 30 can generate circular polarization.

[0062] Optionally, the first end of the first antenna main branch 21 is connected to the feeding port 10, and the second end of the first antenna main branch 21 is closer to the first antenna parasitic branch 22 relative to the first end of the first antenna main branch 21; and / or,

[0063] The first end of the second antenna main branch 31 is connected to the feeding port 10 . The second end of the second antenna main branch 31 is closer to the second antenna parasitic branch 32 than the first end of the second antenna main branch 31 .

[0064] It should be noted that to avoid coupling energy failure due to excessive distance, the first antenna parasitic branch 22 cannot be located too far from the end of the first antenna main branch 21. For example, the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can be located 1 mm to 10 mm from the end of the first antenna main branch 21. The length of the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can be approximately equal to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the received signal, and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is arranged in a clockwise direction.

[0065] In addition, the second antenna parasitic branch 32 cannot be located too far from the end of the second antenna main branch 31. For example, the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can be located 1 mm to 10 mm from the end of the second antenna main branch 31. The length of the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can be approximately equal to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the transmitted signal, and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 is arranged in a counterclockwise direction.

[0066] In this embodiment, the first end of the first antenna main branch 21 is connected to the feeding port 10, and the second end of the first antenna main branch 21 is arranged closer to the first antenna parasitic branch 22 relative to the first end of the first antenna main branch 21, so that the first antenna parasitic branch 22 and the first antenna main branch 21 can be coupled to produce circular polarization; and / or, the first end of the second antenna main branch 31 is connected to the feeding port 10, and the second end of the second antenna main branch 31 is arranged closer to the second antenna parasitic branch 32 relative to the first end of the second antenna main branch 31, so that the second antenna parasitic branch 32 and the second antenna main branch 31 can be coupled to produce circular polarization.

[0067] Optionally, as shown in FIG2 , the first antenna unit 20 further includes a first parasitic matching circuit 23 , and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is grounded through the first parasitic matching circuit 23 ; and / or,

[0068] The second antenna unit 30 further includes a second parasitic matching circuit 33 , and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 is grounded through the second parasitic matching circuit 33 .

[0069] The first parasitic matching circuit 23 is connected to the first antenna parasitic branch 22 , and is used to adjust the current phase difference generated by the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 .

[0070] The second parasitic matching circuit 33 is connected to the second antenna parasitic branch 32 , and is used to adjust the current phase difference generated by the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 .

[0071] In which, the first parasitic matching circuit 23 may include an inductor or a capacitor, one end of the inductor or capacitor is connected to the first antenna parasitic branch 22, and the other end of the inductor or capacitor is grounded; and / or, the second parasitic matching circuit 33 may include an inductor or a capacitor, one end of the inductor or capacitor is connected to the second antenna parasitic branch 32, and the other end of the inductor or capacitor is grounded.

[0072] It should be noted that capacitance and inductance can be added to the parasitic branch 22 of the first antenna to adjust the electrical length of the parasitic branch, that is, to adjust the phase difference between the main branch and the parasitic branch. When the phase difference between the pattern generated by the first antenna main branch 21 and the pattern generated by the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is 90 degrees, circular polarization can be generated. Capacitance and inductance can be added to the parasitic branch 32 of the second antenna to adjust the electrical length of the parasitic branch, that is, to adjust the phase difference between the main branch and the parasitic branch. When the phase difference between the pattern generated by the second antenna main branch 31 and the pattern generated by the second antenna parasitic branch 32 is 90 degrees, circular polarization can be generated.

[0073] In this embodiment, the first antenna unit 20 also includes a first parasitic matching circuit 23, which is connected to the first antenna parasitic branch 22, so that the current phase difference generated by the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can be adjusted through the first parasitic matching circuit 23, so that the first antenna unit 20 generates circular polarization in the transmitting frequency band; and / or, the second antenna unit 30 also includes a second parasitic matching circuit 33, which is connected to the second antenna parasitic branch 32, so that the current phase difference generated by the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can be adjusted through the second parasitic matching circuit 33, so that the second antenna unit 30 generates circular polarization in the receiving frequency band.

[0074] Optionally, one end of the first antenna parasitic branch 22 connected to the first parasitic matching circuit 23 is arranged closer to the first antenna main branch 21 than the other end; and / or,

[0075] One end of the second antenna parasitic branch 32 connected to the second parasitic matching circuit 33 is arranged closer to the second antenna main branch 31 than the other end.

[0076] In this embodiment, one end of the first antenna parasitic branch 22 connected to the first parasitic matching circuit 23 is arranged closer to the first antenna main branch 21 than the other end, so that the coupling effect between the first antenna parasitic branch 22 and the first antenna main branch 21 is better; and / or, one end of the second antenna parasitic branch 32 connected to the second parasitic matching circuit 33 is arranged closer to the second antenna main branch 31 than the other end, so that the coupling effect between the second antenna parasitic branch 32 and the second antenna main branch 31 is better.

[0077] Optionally, the first parasitic matching circuit 23 includes an inductor, one end of the inductor is connected to the first antenna parasitic branch 22, and the other end of the inductor is grounded; and / or

[0078] The second parasitic matching circuit 33 includes a capacitor, one end of which is connected to the second antenna parasitic branch 32 , and the other end of which is grounded.

[0079] In this embodiment, the first parasitic matching circuit 23 includes an inductor, one end of which is connected to the first antenna parasitic branch 22, and the other end of which is grounded. In the high frequency band, the inductor is used to adjust the current phase difference between the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22, which is better; and / or, the second parasitic matching circuit 33 includes a capacitor, one end of which is connected to the second antenna parasitic branch 32, and the other end of which is grounded. In the low frequency band, the capacitor is used to adjust the current phase difference between the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32, which is better.

[0080] Optionally, the receiving frequency of the first antenna unit 20 is higher than the transmitting frequency of the second antenna unit 30 .

[0081] In this embodiment, the receiving frequency of the first antenna unit 20 is higher than the transmitting frequency of the second antenna unit 30, which can realize a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna design and meet the frequency band characteristics of Beidou satellite communication.

[0082] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna structure described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0083] Optionally, the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are located on a first side of the electronic device; and / or

[0084] The second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are located on the second side of the electronic device, or the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are arranged vertically;

[0085] The first side and the second side are adjacent sides.

[0086] In one embodiment, the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are located on a first side of the electronic device, and branch extension directions of the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are on the same straight line.

[0087] In one embodiment, the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are located on the second side of the electronic device, and the branch extension directions of the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are on the same straight line.

[0088] In one embodiment, the first antenna main branch 21 and the second antenna main branch 31 are located on different sides of the electronic device.

[0089] For example, the electronic device includes a square structure, the antenna structure is arranged in the square structure, the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are located on the same side of the square structure, and the first antenna main branch 21 and the second antenna main branch 31 are respectively located on adjacent sides of the square structure.

[0090] In addition, the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are arranged vertically. It can be understood that the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are respectively located on adjacent sides of the square structure, and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 and the first antenna main branch 21 are respectively located on opposite sides of the square structure.

[0091] In this embodiment, the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are located on the first side of the electronic device, which can achieve a better coupling effect between the first antenna parasitic branch 22 and the first antenna main branch 21; the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are located on the second side of the electronic device, which can achieve a better coupling effect between the second antenna parasitic branch 32 and the second antenna main branch 31; or, the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are arranged vertically, which can produce a better circular polarization effect.

[0092] Optionally, the electronic device includes a square structure, the antenna structure is arranged in the square structure, and the feeding port of the antenna structure is arranged at any one of the four right angles of the square structure.

[0093] Taking a smartwatch as an example, the electronic device may include a screen module, a plastic middle frame, and a bottom shell. The screen module is located above the plastic middle frame, which is in turn located above the bottom shell. The plastic middle frame is a square structure, and the cavity formed by the square structure can be placed in a battery, speaker, motor, and other various components. The antenna structure is arranged around the plastic middle frame, and the feed port 10 of the antenna structure is located at any of the four right angles of the square structure.

[0094] In this embodiment, the electronic device includes a square structure, the antenna structure is arranged in the square structure, and the feeding port 10 of the antenna structure is arranged at any one of the four right angles of the square structure, which is convenient for arranging the first antenna parasitic branch 22 and the first antenna main branch 21, so that the coupling effect between the first antenna parasitic branch 22 and the first antenna main branch 21 is better, and it is convenient for arranging the second antenna parasitic branch 32 and the second antenna main branch 31, so that the coupling effect between the second antenna parasitic branch 32 and the second antenna main branch 31 is better.

[0095] Optionally, the electronic device is a watch.

[0096] As a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , a smart watch is worn on an arm 40. The smart watch includes a screen module 51, a plastic middle frame 52, and a bottom shell 53. The screen module is located above the plastic middle frame, and the plastic middle frame is located above the bottom shell. The screen module includes a display screen and a touch layer, as well as a flexible printed circuit (FPC) for a touch sensor connecting the display screen and the touch layer. As shown in FIG8 , the plastic middle frame is in a structure with surrounding walls. The accommodation cavity formed by the structure can be provided with a battery 54, a speaker, a motor, and various other devices. The antenna structure in the embodiment of the present application is arranged around the plastic middle frame. The antenna structure can be implemented by an FPC process or by a laser direct structuring (LDS) process, which is not limited in this embodiment. The bottom shell can include sensors such as a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor.

[0097] As shown in FIG5 and FIG6, when the alignment of the antenna main branch and the antenna parasitic branch rotates clockwise, the antenna is right-hand circularly polarized; when the alignment of the antenna main branch and the antenna parasitic branch rotates counterclockwise, the antenna is left-hand circularly polarized.

[0098] In this embodiment, the feed port 10 of the antenna main branch is placed at any one of the four corners of the plastic middle frame. The four corners can be described as 11 o'clock, 1 o'clock, 5 o'clock, and 7 o'clock from the perspective of the smart watch clock. In order to realize the circularly polarized antenna design of the Beidou satellite shown in Table 1, a dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna is designed as shown in Figure 3. By designing the layout of the first antenna unit 20 and the second antenna unit 30 and their winding direction, that is, the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are oriented counterclockwise, and the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are oriented clockwise, the polarization direction of the antenna in the transmitting frequency band is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction in the receiving frequency band is right-hand circular polarization, which meets the circular polarization rotation direction requirements of Beidou satellite communication and can improve the user experience.

[0099] For example, as shown in Figure 4, the feed port 10 is set at 10 to 11 o'clock on the smart watch, and the antenna implementation method can be an IFA antenna or a Monopole antenna, wherein the IFA antenna needs to be grounded and the Monopole antenna does not need to be grounded. From the feed port 10 to the 12 o'clock direction of the smart watch, a high-frequency or satellite receiving frequency band trace (i.e., the first antenna main branch 21) is set in a clockwise direction. The trace length can be one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the received signal, and a parasitic branch (i.e., the first antenna parasitic branch 22) is set at a certain distance from the end of the first antenna main branch 21. In order to avoid the coupling energy being unable to be coupled due to the distance being too far, the first antenna parasitic branch 22 cannot be too far away from the end of the first antenna main branch 21. For example, the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can be set 1mm-10mm away from the end of the first antenna main branch 21. The length of the first antenna parasitic branch 22 can be approximately equal to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the received signal, and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is traced in a clockwise direction. Capacitors and inductors can be added to the first antenna parasitic branch 22 to adjust the electrical length of the parasitic branch, that is, to adjust the phase difference between the main branch and the parasitic branch. When the phase difference between the pattern generated by the first antenna main branch 21 and the pattern generated by the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is 90 degrees, circular polarization can be generated. For example, an inductor can be added to the first antenna parasitic branch 22 to adjust the electrical length of the parasitic branch.

[0100] In addition, as shown in FIG4 , a low-frequency main radiation branch (i.e., the second antenna main branch 31) is arranged in a counterclockwise direction from the feed port 10 to the 9 o'clock position of the smart watch. The branch length can be one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the required frequency band, and a parasitic branch (i.e., the second antenna parasitic branch 32) is arranged at a certain distance from the end of the second antenna main branch 31. To avoid the coupling energy being unable to be coupled due to the distance being too far, the second antenna parasitic branch 32 cannot be too far from the end of the second antenna main branch 31. For example, the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can be arranged 1mm-10mm from the end of the second antenna main branch 31. The length of the second antenna parasitic branch 32 can be approximately equal to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the transmitted signal, and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 is arranged in a counterclockwise direction. Capacitors and inductors can be added to the second antenna parasitic branch 32 to adjust the electrical length of the parasitic branch, that is, to adjust the phase difference between the main branch and the parasitic branch. When the mode generated by the second antenna main branch 31 and the mode generated by the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are 90 degrees out of phase, circular polarization can be generated. For example, a capacitor can be added to the second antenna parasitic branch 32 to adjust the electrical length of the parasitic branch.

[0101] Figure 9 is an S parameter display interface diagram, and Figure 10 is a Smith chart display interface diagram. As shown in Figures 9 and 10, it can be seen from the S parameters and Smith charts of the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application that the antenna of the embodiment of the present application covers two frequency bands. The low frequency band covers GPS L1 1.575GHz, which is close to the Beidou satellite's transmit frequency band 1.615GHz, and the high frequency covers BT 2.4GHz-2.5GHz, which includes the Beidou satellite's receive frequency band 2.491GHz. Through the Smith Chart, it can be seen that the antenna generates two modes at low frequency, one mode is mainly generated by the second antenna main branch 31 as the main radiation branch, and the other mode is generated by the second antenna parasitic branch 32. By adjusting the size of the capacitance value loaded by the second antenna parasitic branch 32, the frequency deviation of the parasitic mode can be adjusted so that the S parameter is concave just at the center frequency of the required frequency band, so that the center frequency can produce better circular polarization. The capacitance value loaded on the second antenna parasitic branch 32 is adjusted so that the resonance generated by the parasitic is to the right of the second antenna main branch 31, that is, the resonance generated by the second antenna parasitic branch 32 is biased towards high frequency. Since the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are distributed counterclockwise, the antenna generates left-hand circular polarization at low frequency.

[0102] Similarly, Figures 9 and 10 show that the antenna also generates two modes at high frequencies. One mode is primarily generated by the first antenna main branch 21, which serves as the main radiating branch, and the other mode is generated by the first antenna parasitic branch 22. By adjusting the inductance value loaded on the first antenna parasitic branch 22, the frequency deviation of the parasitic mode can be adjusted so that the S parameter dips exactly at the center frequency of the desired frequency band, allowing this center frequency to produce better circular polarization. By adjusting the inductance value loaded on the first antenna parasitic branch 22, the resonance generated by the parasitic resonance is to the left of the first antenna main branch 21, that is, the resonance generated by the first antenna parasitic branch 22 is biased toward a lower frequency. Since the first antenna main branch 21 and the first antenna parasitic branch 22 are arranged clockwise, the antenna generates right-hand circular polarization at high frequencies.

[0103] Figure 11 shows the simulated antenna efficiency display interface, and Figure 12 shows the left-hand circular polarization display interface for the transmit frequency band of approximately 1.6 GHz. As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the simulated antenna efficiency diagram and the comparison of the left-hand circular polarization component and the right-hand circular polarization component in the low-frequency band show that the left-hand circular polarization component is significantly greater than the right-hand circular polarization component, indicating that the low-frequency band is left-hand circular polarization. Figure 13 shows the right-hand circular polarization display interface for the receive frequency band of approximately 2.5 GHz. As shown in Figure 13, the comparison of the left-hand circular polarization component and the right-hand circular polarization component in the high-frequency band shows that the right-hand circular polarization component is significantly greater than the left-hand circular polarization component, indicating that the high-frequency band is right-hand circular polarization.

[0104] Figure 14 shows the axial ratio display interface for the transmit frequency band of approximately 1.6 GHz, and Figure 15 shows the axial ratio display interface for the receive frequency band of approximately 2.5 GHz. The low-frequency and high-frequency axial ratios shown in Figures 14 and 15 indicate that by controlling the rotational relationship between the main radiating branch and the parasitic branch and controlling the distance between them, the power of the main radiating branch can be coupled to the parasitic branch, making the amplitudes of the two modes as equal as possible. By adjusting the value of the loading capacitor or inductor, the phases of the two modes can be controlled so that the phase difference approaches 90 degrees, causing the antenna to produce left-hand circular polarization in the low-frequency transmit frequency band and right-hand circular polarization in the high-frequency receive frequency band, and achieving a good axial ratio. The low-frequency and high-frequency axial ratio diagrams of the antenna indicate that the smartwatch exhibits a good circular polarization axial ratio within the satellite's effective operating area.

[0105] Figure 16 is a current distribution display interface diagram of the antenna at a low frequency of 1.575GHz. As shown in Figure 16, the current is mainly distributed in the long low-frequency branch (i.e., the second antenna main branch 31) and the low-frequency parasitic (i.e., the second antenna parasitic branch 32). As shown in Figure 17, Figure 17 is a current distribution display interface diagram of the antenna at a high frequency of 2.45GHz. The current is mainly distributed in the short high-frequency branch (i.e., the first antenna main branch 21) and the high-frequency parasitic (i.e., the first antenna parasitic branch 22).

[0106] As shown in FIG. 18 , the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application may be provided on a PCB 55 , where the PCB is a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0107] It should be noted that, as shown in FIG18 , the low-frequency parasitic (i.e., the second antenna parasitic branch 32 ) can be set at the corner of the smart watch at about seven o'clock, so that the second antenna main branch 31 and the second antenna parasitic branch 32 are exactly orthogonal, resulting in a better circular polarization effect.

[0108] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, high frequency and low frequency do not refer to a specific frequency, but relatively speaking, the frequency of high frequency is higher than the frequency of low frequency. For example, the receiving frequency of the antenna is 2.45 GHz, the transmitting frequency is 1.575 GHz, and the receiving frequency is greater than the transmitting frequency. Then it can be considered that the receiving frequency is high frequency and the transmitting frequency is low frequency. In the above embodiment, the receiving frequency of the antenna is greater than the transmitting frequency of the antenna. Therefore, relative to the second antenna unit 30 for transmitting signals, the first antenna unit 20 for receiving signals includes a high frequency branch (i.e., the first antenna main branch 21) and a high frequency parasitic (i.e., the first antenna parasitic branch 22); relative to the first antenna unit 20 for receiving signals, the second antenna unit 30 for transmitting signals includes a low frequency branch (i.e., the second antenna main branch 31) and a low frequency parasitic (i.e., the second antenna parasitic branch 32).

[0109] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0110] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising an antenna structure, wherein the antenna structure comprises: A feeding port (10); A first antenna unit (20), the first antenna unit (20) comprising a first antenna main branch (21) and a first antenna parasitic branch (22), the first antenna main branch (21) being connected to the feeding port (10), the direction in which the first antenna main branch (21) and the first antenna parasitic branch (22) extend along the circumference of the electronic device being a first direction, and the first antenna unit (20) being used for receiving signals; A second antenna unit (30), the second antenna unit (30) comprising a second antenna main branch (31) and a second antenna parasitic branch (32), the second antenna main branch (31) being connected to the feeding port (10), the direction in which the second antenna main branch (31) and the second antenna parasitic branch (32) extend along the circumference of the electronic device being a second direction, the second direction being opposite to the first direction, and the second antenna unit (30) being used for transmitting signals.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The polarization direction of the second antenna unit (30) at the transmission frequency is left-hand circular polarization, and the polarization direction of the first antenna unit (20) at the reception frequency is right-hand circular polarization.

3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The first direction is a clockwise direction, and the second direction is a counterclockwise direction.

4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The first antenna parasitic branch (22) is coupled to the first antenna main branch (21); and / or, The second antenna parasitic branch (32) is coupled to the second antenna main branch (31).

5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The first end of the first antenna main branch (21) is connected to the feeding port (10), and the second end of the first antenna main branch (21) is arranged closer to the first antenna parasitic branch (22) than the first end of the first antenna main branch (21); and / or, The first end of the second antenna main branch (31) is connected to the feeding port (10), and the second end of the second antenna main branch (31) is arranged closer to the second antenna parasitic branch (32) than the first end of the second antenna main branch (31).

6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The first antenna unit (20) further comprises a first parasitic matching circuit (23), and the first antenna parasitic branch (22) is grounded via the first parasitic matching circuit (23); and / or, The second antenna unit (30) further comprises a second parasitic matching circuit (33), and the second antenna parasitic branch (32) is grounded via the second parasitic matching circuit (33).

7. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein: One end of the first antenna parasitic branch (22) connected to the first parasitic matching circuit (23) is arranged closer to the first antenna main branch (21) than the other end; and / or, One end of the second antenna parasitic branch (32) connected to the second parasitic matching circuit (33) is arranged closer to the second antenna main branch (31) than the other end.

8. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein: The first parasitic matching circuit (23) comprises an inductor, one end of the inductor is connected to the first antenna parasitic branch (22), and the other end of the inductor is grounded; and / or The second parasitic matching circuit (33) comprises a capacitor, one end of which is connected to the second antenna parasitic branch (32), and the other end of which is grounded.

9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The receiving frequency of the first antenna unit (20) is higher than the transmitting frequency of the second antenna unit (30).

10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The first antenna main branch (21) and the first antenna parasitic branch (22) are located on a first side of the electronic device; and / or The second antenna main branch (31) and the second antenna parasitic branch (32) are located on the second side of the electronic device, or the second antenna main branch (31) and the second antenna parasitic branch (32) are arranged vertically; Wherein, the first side and the second side are adjacent sides.

11. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The electronic device comprises a square structure, the antenna structure is arranged in the square structure, and the feeding port (10) of the antenna structure is arranged at any one of the four right angles of the square structure.

12. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The electronic device is a watch.

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