Wireless portable defibrillator

Abstract

A method of use of a portable defibrillator system including supplying a defibrillator pad with a local processor and a communication connection, positioning the defibrillator pad on a subject undergoing a cardiac event, powering the defibrillator pad, opening a communication channel between the processor on the pad and a general-purpose computer, instructing the processor on the pad by the general-purpose computer over the communication channel to apply a shock to the subject, and applying the shock by the pad to the subject, as instructed by the general-purpose computer.

Description

[0001] WIRELESS PORTABLE DEFIBRILLATOR

[0002] RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 613,085 filed 12 / 21 / 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0004] FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a portable defibrillator, and, more particularly, but not exclusively, which is wireless.

[0006] Each year, 350,000 Americans experience cardiac arrest, and only around 10% survive. Further, about 74-80% of out of hospital cardiac arrests happen at home, and just over 6% of people survive in-home cardiac arrest. This can at least in part be attributed to the unavailability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at home.

[0007] Police vehicles and ambulance crews carry AEDs, and AEDs are commonly available in many public places, including malls, office buildings, sports arenas, gyms, and airplanes. However, while AEDs are theoretically commonly available, the time taken to locate and retrieve the AED in the public place can waste valuable minutes in reviving a person, since time is critical in saving lives.

[0008] With a few exceptions, AEDs are bulky and designed to sit in wall cabinets. AED units range in weight from about 1 Kg to about 3 Kg, and AEDs range in size (volume) from about 1.5 L to about 9 L. Therefore, they are not easily carried in a backpack or stowed in the glove box of a car, making them stationary devices that can be difficult to quickly access when and where cardiac arrest emergencies happen.

[0009] Having an AED readily available can save precious minutes in reviving a person experiencing cardiac arrest. AEDs are designed to restore normal heart rhythm by delivering an electrical shock to the heart. This shock is administered through two electrodes affixed to the subject's body in proximity to the heart. The electric shock essentially restarts the heart's activity, enabling it to beat regularly once more. Home AEDs can be expensive and aren't usually covered by insurance. AED prices generally range anywhere from $900 to $2,500, depending on the features of the device. Furthermore, AEDs generally have a battery life of only 2 to 7 years, and the pads are usually good for only 2-5 years.

[0010] United States patent publication No. 2014 / 0222095 appears to teach " A rescue cell apparatus used for cardiac defibrillation of a patient, the apparatus comprising: a hand held device for sending and receiving communication signals and configured to be used as a remote control to administer a defibrillation pulse to the patient for cardiac defibrillation; a defibrillator unit having a sensor electronic pad positionable on the patient, the sensor electronic pad adapted to deliver the defibrillation pulse; and a second electronic pad, connectable by an electrical wire to the defibrillator unit, the second electronic pad positionable on the patient and adapted to detect ECG signals and to deliver the defibrillation pulse to the patient; and an image recognition module configured in the handheld device, and adapted to verify positioning of the sensor electronic pad and the second electronic pad on the patient before defibrillation."

[0011] Further art includes United States patent publication No. 2011 / 0046688, United States patent No. 9,517,354, United States patent publication No. 2014 / 0222096, United States patent No. 9,889,311, Korean patent No. 101874947, and international patent publication No. 2009 / 147678.

[0012] Therefore, there is a need for a small, cheap, lightweight, easily portable, effective AED, which can be easily applied, and can be controlled remotely and / or wirelessly.

[0013] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of use of a portable defibrillator system including: supplying a defibrillator pad with a local processor and a communication connection; positioning the defibrillator pad on a subject undergoing a cardiac event; powering the defibrillator pad; opening a communication channel between the processor on the pad and a general-purpose computer; instructing the processor on the pad by the general-purpose computer over the communication channel to apply a shock to the subject; and applying the shock by the pad to the subject, as instructed by the general-purpose computer.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the invention, the powering is independent of the general -purpose computer.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the invention, the powering is independent of the communication channel. According to some embodiments of the invention, the opening is of a wireless communication channel.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the invention, the method for use further includes sensing at least one parameter of the subject.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the invention, the instructing is via a defibrillator App installed on the general-purpose computer.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the invention, the App is configured for alerting at least one emergency contact.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the invention, the method for use further includes communicating sensor data to the general-purpose computer.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the invention, the App is configured for analyzing the sensor data.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the invention, the App is configured for guiding a user in treatment of the subject with the defibrillator system.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the invention, the positioning the pad includes wearing the pad.

[0024] According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a portable defibrillator system including: a general-purpose computer configured to control administration, intensity and duration of an electric pulse; a first power source powering the general purpose computer; and a first defibrillator pad, including: an electrode configured to provide the electric pulse to a subject in need thereof; a second power source independent of the first power source and configured to power the electric pulse; a communication channel configured to receive instructions from the general -purpose computer for providing the electric pulse; and a processor for receiving the instructions and applying the electric pulse according to the instructions.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the invention, the system further includes a second defibrillator pad wherein the processor is located on the second defibrillator pad.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer is a remote device.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer is a personal computing device selected from at least one of a smartphone, a laptop, a vehicle touch screen, and a tablet.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer includes a dedicated defibrillator App downloaded to the general -purpose computer. According to some embodiments of the invention, the App includes access to an artificial intelligence algorithm (Al) or machine learning (ML) algorithm.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer is configured to contact one or more pre-set contacts and alert them in response to at least one of activating the defibrillator, providing the electrical pulse, and opening the App.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the invention, the second power source is internal to the first pad.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the invention, the second power source includes a rechargeable battery.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the invention, the second power source is external to the first pad.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the invention, the second power source includes at least one of a power bank, a vehicle, direct current (DC) power supply and an alternating (AC) power source with a transformer connected to an electrical grid.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the invention, the communication channel is a wireless connection.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the invention, the wireless connection is selected from at least one of cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, and Bluetooth.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the invention, the communication channel includes at least one cable configured to connect the first pad to the general-purpose computer.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the invention, the system further includes: least a sensor mounted to the first pad.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the invention, the sensor is configured for measuring or monitoring at least one physiological indication of the subject.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the invention, the sensor is configured for measuring at least a parameter of the first pad.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the invention, the system further includes: a sensor is remote from the first pad.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the invention, the sensor is integral to the general- purpose computer.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pad includes an extendable handle, wherein the handle is configured to protect a user from electric shock while the handle is held by the user to assure contract between the first pad and a body of the subject. According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pad includes an adaptive surface is configured to expand or contract an area of contact with the subject.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the invention, the adaptive surface includes a plurality of electrodes, and the general-purpose computer is configured to differentially activate a portion of the plurality of electrodes on the adaptive surface.

[0044] According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method for use of a portable defibrillator with an extendable handle, the method including: positioning a defibrillator pad on a subject undergoing a cardiac event; extending the extendable handle; holding the pad by a user in position with the handle extended; and activating the pad by a general -purpose computer to provide an electric pulse to the subject.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer is connected to the pad wirelessly.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes powering the electric pulse from the pad by a power source internal to the pad.

[0047] According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes alerting a pre-set contact to the cardiac event.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes transferring accurate real-time information to a response team enroute to the subject or waiting for the subject at a treatment facility.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes using an artificial intelligence algorithm (Al) for determining a status of the subject, providing treatment guidance, and communicating with a response team enroute to the subject or waiting for the subject at a treatment facility.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the invention, the pad includes an adaptive surface, and the use of the portable defibrillator includes adapting a size of the adaptive surface according to at least one of a severity of a condition of the subject, an age of the subjects, and a weight of the subject.

[0051] According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a portable defibrillator system including: a general-purpose computer configured to control administration, intensity and duration of an electric pulse; and a first defibrillator pad, including: an electrode configured to provide the electric pulse to a subject in need thereof; and a communication channel configured for communication with the general-purpose computer.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer includes a personal computing device. According to some embodiments of the invention, the first defibrillator pad is attached to the general-purpose computer, such that the portable defibrillator is carried by carrying the general -purpose computer.

[0053] According to some embodiments of the invention, the defibrillator is powered by the general -purpose computer.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer includes a dedicated defibrillator App on the general-purpose computer.

[0055] According to some embodiments of the invention, the App includes access to an artificial intelligence algorithm (Al) or machine learning algorithm (ML).

[0056] According to some embodiments of the invention, the general-purpose computer is configured to contact one or more pre-set contacts and to alert them in response to at least one of activating the defibrillator, providing the electrical pulse, and opening the App.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the invention, the system according to further includes: a second power source configured for powering the first pad and independent of the general -purpose computer.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pad includes an extendable handle configured to protect a user from electric shock while the handle is held by the user to assure contract between the first pad and a body of the subject.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pad includes an adaptive surface is configured to expand or contract an area of contact with the subject.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the invention, the adaptive surface includes a plurality of electrodes and the general-purpose computer is configured to selectively activate a portion of the plurality of electrodes on the adaptive surface.

[0061] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings make apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.

[0063] Fig. 1 : Schematic diagram illustrating a first aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. Figs. 2A-D: Schematic diagrams illustrating various aspects of the defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.

[0064] Figs. 3A-B: Exemplary schematic diagrams illustrating the pads in their stored form, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0065] Figs. 4A-B: Exemplary schematic diagrams illustrating sticker type pads, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0066] Figs. 5A-B: Exemplary schematic diagrams illustrating handle type pads, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0067] Fig. 6: Schematic diagram illustrating a second aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0068] Fig. 7: Schematic diagram illustrating a second aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0069] Figs. 8A-B: Schematic diagrams illustrating the basic structure of the pads in the first and second aspects, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0070] Fig. 9: Schematic diagram illustrating a third aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0071] Fig. 10: Schematic diagram illustrating a fourth aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0072] Figs. 11 A-B: Schematic diagrams illustrating the basic structure of the pads in the third and fourth aspects, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0073] Fig. 12: Schematic diagram illustrating the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0074] Fig. 13: Schematic diagram illustrating the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0075] Fig. 14: Schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary worn portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0076] Fig. 15: Schematic diagram illustrating exemplary electrodes, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. Fig. 16: Schematic diagram illustrating exemplary electrodes, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0077] Fig. 17: Schematic diagram illustrating a fifth aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0078] Fig. 18: Block diagram of the first and second aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0079] Fig. 19: Block diagram of the third and fourth aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0080] Fig. 20: Flow diagram for a method of use of the first and second aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0081] Fig. 21 : Flow diagram for a method of use the third and fourth aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0082] Fig. 22: Block diagram of a portable defibrillator system with an extendable handle, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0083] Fig. 23 : Flow diagram for a method of use of a portable defibrillator system with an extendable handle, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0084] Fig. 24: Block diagram of a portable defibrillator system with remote communication, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0085] Fig. 25: Block diagram of a portable defibrillator system with adjustable and / or adaptive electrodes, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0086] Fig. 26: Flow diagram for a method of use of a portable defibrillator system with adjustable and / or adaptive electrodes, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0087] Fig. 27: Flow diagram for a method of use of a portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention.

[0088] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0089] The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a portable defibrillator, and, more particularly, but not exclusively, which is wireless. OVERVIEW

[0090] Some embodiments relate to a portable defibrillator. According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may be an automated external defibrillator (AED). According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may be wireless. According to some embodiments, some or all of the components of the portable defibrillator may be powered individually.

[0091] In some embodiments, the current invention includes defibrillator kit. Optionally, the kit includes at least one portable defibrillator pad that is configured to communicate with a general -purpose computer, for example, a personal computing device, for example a mobile phone, laptop, tablet, etc. In some embodiments, at least one of the pads may include a processor and / or a communication port configured to communicate with the personal computing device. Optionally, communication may be one-way or two-way. For example, the personal computing device may send instructions to the processor on the pad e.g., on the strength, timing, frequency and / or polarity of a defibrillation signal. Alternatively, or additionally, the processor on the pad may send data to the personal computing device (e.g. sensor data on the condition of a subject and / or data about the state of the device and / or about the connection between the device and the subject). Additionally, or alternatively, the pad may include a power source (e.g., the pad may have a power source that is independent of the personal computing device, for example a rechargeable battery and / or a DC power source etc.). For example, a smart defibrillator may use the supplied portable pads with a ubiquitous mobile phone and / or mobile phone App. to produce an easily available smart defibrillator. Optionally, the smart defibrillator may be used by a user (e.g., non-medical professional, first responder, medical professional (e.g., paramedic, nurse, doctor, carer, etc.), etc.) in the treatment of a subject in need thereof.

[0092] According to some embodiments, the “brains” of the smart defibrillator may an App downloaded to a user’s personal computing device. Optionally, the defibrillator pads may be portable and / or small, e.g., sized to fit in the pocket of a user. According to some embodiments, the small size of the portable defibrillator may make it easy to carry, e.g., in a pocket, handbag, wallet, attached to a mobile phone, in a glove compartment, etc. Optionally, the connection to the personal computing may facilitate a personalized treatment for a subject who may have personalized parameters for defibrillation on their cell phone. In some embodiments, the system may make use of data and / or components (e.g., sensor, GPS, navigation software, personal data, etc.) on the personal computing device. In some embodiments, the system makes use of the communication capabilities of the personal computing device to access data available over a network and / or to notify others (e.g., family members, medical professionals, emergency personnel) of the condition and / or location of the subject.

[0093] According to some embodiments, an App for controlling the defibrillator may be installed on the general-purpose computer. For example, the App. may be downloaded to the user’s personal computing device. Optionally, an administrator version of the application may be installed on the Emergency service systems or others. For example, the administrator version may facilitate the Emergency service organization (and / or others) to receive all the relevant information prior to arrival at the scene of the emergency. Additionally or alternatively, the administrator version may facilitate monitoring of the battery and / or functioning status of the defibrillator device.

[0094] According to some embodiments, the small size of the portable defibrillator may facilitate rapid access to a defibrillator when an emergency arises, increasing reaction times, decreasing time to treatment, and / or saving lives. For example, in a public area, a user may not need to leave a subject to search for and / or receive permission to access an AED, but rather has an AED readily available on their person.

[0095] According to some embodiments, the App may analyze the condition of the subject. Optionally, the App may be configured to process and / or analyze the data collected by one or more sensors. Optionally, the App may be updated, for example, due to new studies and / or research to provide optimal care to the subject. Optionally, the updates may be automated, e.g., when medical procedures (e.g., level and / or form of shock for defibrillation) change. Optionally, the App may automatically be updated to keep up with the newest developments, e.g., updates may be pushed to the App over the Internet.

[0096] According to some embodiments, the App may determine if an electric pulse is needed to treat the subject, or not. Optionally, the App may facilitate communication with a medical professional e.g., who may determine if an electric pulse is needed, or not. Optionally, the App may facilitate remote activation of the electric pulse by a remote medial professional, e.g., a non-professional user may attach the pads to the subject's body while activation of the pulses may be done remotely. Optionally, the App may facilitate real-time assistance and / or remote guidance by medical professionals, e.g., a medical professional may instruct a user on placement of the electrodes and / or activation of an electric pulse.

[0097] According to some embodiments, the App may facilitate real-time updates to the medical professionals on their way to the location of the subject and / or medical professionals awaiting arrival of the subj ect at a treatment facility. Optionally, such real-time data may ensure that the emergency team that arrives to assist the subject and / or the medical facility to which the subject is taken, has all the relevant data and / or may be prepared to deliver the most relevant treatment to the subject without spending time learning the subject’s condition.

[0098] According to some embodiments, sensors internal to the defibrillator may be connected to the App. Optionally, the internal sensors may detect and / or monitor one or more physiological indications of the subject, e.g., elevated heart rate, arrhythmia, decreased heart rate variability (HRV), increased blood pressure, changes in blood oxygen levels, changes in skin conductivity, changes in body temperature, etc. or a combination thereof. Optionally, the internal sensors may detect and / or monitor one or more parameters of the system, e.g., charge, functionality, etc. Optionally, the internal sensors may continuously update the App on the physiological indications of the subject and / or the parameters of the system.

[0099] According to some embodiments, an external sensor (e.g., mobile phone camera, GPS, and / or audio) may be accessed by the App to display a subject's condition to a remote medical professional and / or team to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. Optionally, the App may be configured to provide online capability to facilitate the emergency health agency, that uses the application as an administrator, to locate App users, in case it receives a request for urgent medical assistance in the vicinity of an App user. Optionally, the App user may be directed to the subject to provide emergency assistance.

[0100] According to some embodiments, an external sensor (e.g., mobile phone camera and / or audio) may be accessed by the App to detect injuries to the subject and / or a condition of the subject. For example, the camera of a mobile phone may be used to take a picture of a subject or a portion of the subject (e.g., his mouth, one or both eyes, his face) and the picture may be analyzed by a remote health provider and / or by an automated application (e.g., an application running on the mobile phone and / or an application running on a remote processor accessed over a network). For example, various pictures may be taken and / or analyzed for various signs including for example: facial expressions and movements may be recorded on a still camera and / or a video and / or including sound recording. The images and / or videos may be analyzed for example, to detect grimacing or wincing, e.g., indicating pain., drooping eyelids or difficulty speaking e.g., indicated stroke or neurological issues., signs of seizures or convulsions, etc. Optionally, an image or video may include and / or focus at high resolution on eyes. For example, the image may be analyzed for dilated pupils e.g., indicating shock, head injury, and / or drug overdose. For example, the image may be analyzed for constricted pupils e.g., indicating opioid overdose and / or exposure to certain chemicals. For example, the image may be analyzed for redness, swelling, or discharge e.g., indicating infection and / or eye injury. An image and / or video may include skin and / or lips. For example, the images and / or video may be analyzed to detect pale or clammy skin e.g., indicating shock, dehydration, and / or internal bleeding. For example, the images and / or video may be analyzed to detect blueish or grayish skin e.g., indicating lack of oxygen and / or carbon monoxide poisoning. For example, the images and / or video may be analyzed to detect redness, swelling, and / or blisters, for example indicating levels of burns, allergic reactions, and / or infections. Videos and / or images and / or sound recordings of the mouth and / or nose and / or chest and / or abdomen may be made. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for rapid or shallow breathing e.g., indicating respiratory distress or anxiety. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for slow or labored breathing e.g., indicating shock, head injury, or poisoning. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for absence of breathing. Images, videos and / or recordings may be made of various parts of the bodies and / or movements and / or reactions to stimuli. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for restlessness and / or agitation e.g., indicating pain, fever, and / or delirium. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for posture, slouching and / or unresponsiveness may suggest unconsciousness or head injury. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for unusual movements or seizures. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for disheveled clothing and / or dirt e.g., indicating trauma or confusion. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for injuries or bleeding. For example, the images and / or video and / or recordings may be analyzed for the presence of medical alert jewelry or devices.

[0101] In some embodiments, the general-purpose computer may include data for use by emergency medical personnel. For example, the general-purpose computer may warn when the subject is wearing an electronic device, such as, pacemaker, smart watch, etc., and / or when the subject is wearing an electric conducting material, such as, a ring, necklace, watch, etc.

[0102] According to some embodiments, the defibrillator kit may include one or more defibrillator pads. Optionally, the pads may include a processor, and / or one or more electrodes, and / or one or more sensors. Optionally, the pads may be connected to an external processor, and / or one or more electrodes, and / or one or more sensors. Optionally, some or all of the pads and / or processor and / or sensors may include their own individual power source. Optionally, the pads and / or processor and / or sensors may share the same power source. According to some embodiments, additional components, such as sensors, pads, electrodes, monitors and / or other accessories may be added to the system.

[0103] According to some embodiments, the components of the system (e.g., pads, sensors, electrodes, accessories, etc.) and / or the additional components may be added easily and / or may be controlled by the same processor, and / or different processors, the additional components may be added easily and / or may be controlled by the same general computer device. Optionally, the various components of the system may be connected wirelessly and / or through various cables (e.g., power cable, communication cable, etc.).

[0104] According to some embodiments, communication between the components of the system may be a cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, and / or Bluetooth. Optionally, the various components of the system may be controlled wirelessly. Optionally, the various components of the system may be controlled by an App on a user’s personal computing device. Optionally, the App on the user’s personal computing device may connect to the processor and / or various components of the system wirelessly (e.g., cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, and / or Bluetooth) and / or via a cable. According to some embodiments, the user’ s personal computing device may be connected to the cloud and / or a server to receive, save and / or transmit information. Optionally, if there is no internet communication, the system may operate as an offline version. Optionally, the App may maintain an updated version of algorithms and / or actions to respond and handle cardiac events, e.g., in areas without cellular reception, and / or weak and / or spotty internet connection, etc.

[0105] According to some embodiments, each, and / or some, and / or all of the components of the portable defibrillator may include their own individual power source, e.g., a pad, processor, personal computing device, etc. According to some embodiments, some or all of the pads may include its own individual power source. Optionally, the power source may be a rechargeable battery. Optionally, a battery may be recharged wirelessly. Optionally, a battery may be recharged by connection to an external power source. According to some embodiments, some or all of the pads may include a port for connection to an external power source. Optionally, the external power source may be a power bank, smart device, laptop, desktop, vehicle, electricity grid, vehicle battery, etc. Optionally, the port may be a standard USB port, e.g., USB-C, etc., a power adaptor, AC adaptor, etc. Optionally, the portable defibrillator may be connected to an external power source for multiple shocks, and / or high-powered shocks. Optionally, the portable defibrillator may be connected to an external power source when the internal batteries of the high-powered components are not fully charged, and / or to provide direct power.

[0106] According to some embodiments, some or all of the pad and / or the personal computing device have separate power sources. Optionally, the personal computing device may supply power to one or more pads. Optionally, when the personal computing device supplies power to a pad, the power may charge the pad and / or processor. Optionally, in contrast to conventional electrodes that are hard wired to a power source and / or external controller wherein the defibrillation signal is the power supplied from the external controller to the electrode, in the defibrillator system of the invention, the power supplied by the personal computing device supplies to a pad not be communicating with the pad through the power link, and / or may not activate the processor and / or electrodes of the pad. For example, the power to the electrode may be independent of the power supplied by the personal computing device.

[0107] According to some embodiments, power may be transferred from one pad to another pad. Optionally, one pad may be configured to provide power, and the other pad may be configured to receive power. Optionally, a pad may be configured to provide and / or receive power to and from the other pad, e.g., the pads may exchange functions. Optionally, a pad may be configured to function independently. Optionally, the pads may be configured to function simultaneously, and / or sequentially. Optionally, a pad may be configured to function independently in synchronization with the other pad.

[0108] According to some embodiments, the batteries may provide power to one or more electrodes. Optionally, the electrodes may be located on the pads. Optionally, the electrodes may be external to the pads. Optionally, a user may select the number and / or location of the electrodes to be powered. Optionally, the user may select the amount of power to deliver in a shock and / or use of the system. Optionally, a pad may connect to one or more electrodes wirelessly and / or through a cable. Optionally, the pad may pass instructions and / or power to the electrodes.

[0109] According to some embodiments, a component may include a non-rechargeable power source (e.g., a dry cell battery and / or a single use battery and / or a disposable battery). For example, a pad that is stored for a long time to be ready for incidental use may use a power source that can be stored for long times and / or contains a large energy content. For example, in such a case a single use power source may have an advantage over a rechargeable battery. For example, a lithium thionyl chloride (LiSOCh) battery may be used.

[0110] According to some embodiments, the pads may include one or more stickers, e.g., for attaching to a subject in need of treatment. Optionally, the stickers may be disposable and / or reusable. Optionally, the pads and / or stickers, or parts thereof, may be foldable and / or unfoldable. Optionally, the ability to adjust the size of the pad and / or sticker may facilitate tailored treatment to the subject, e.g., according to subject age, physical characteristics, etc., for instance, smaller pads may be used for children while larger pads may be used for adults.

[0111] According to some embodiments, the pads may be adaptive. Optionally, the pads may expand and / or contract their surface area e.g., according to command sent by the App. According to some embodiments, certain sensors and / or electrodes may be selectively activated by the App. For example, if attached to a large body, the user can activate more electrodes to cover a larger area. For smaller bodies, fewer electrodes may be activated, creating a smaller active electrical area. Advantageously, the adaptability of the system may ensure that treatment may be more effective and / or safer for an individual.

[0112] According to some embodiments, the system may include multiple pads. Optionally, multiple smaller pads and / or electrodes and / or sensors may be linked to the system and / or to the processor and / or to a central pad and / or App. Optionally, the adaptive pads may include electrodes and / or sensors which may be attached to and / or detached from the pad. Optionally, additional electrodes and / or sensors may be reversibly attached to the adaptive pads. Optionally, the adaptive pads may include electrodes and / or sensors which may be extended from the adaptive pad.

[0113] According to some embodiments, the pads may include a handle. Optionally, the handle may include a grip. Optionally, the handle may be opened and / or extended away from the pad and / or the subject’s body. Optionally, the handle may be telescoping. Optionally, the handle may be extendable. Optionally, the telescopic handle may be extended by pulling the handle upwards. Optionally the handle may be gripped to hold the pad in place on the subject’s body during treatment. Optionally, the handle may ensure the safety of the user by extending the handles away from the subject’s body. Optionally, the handle may enable the user to maintain a safe distance from the subject, ensuring there is no direct physical contact between the user and the subject during use, thereby reducing risk to the user. Additionally, or alternatively, with the extended handles, the user may exert easily pressure on the subject’s body during the transmission of the electric pulse e.g., 12 kg of pressure may be exerted when using a modified dry pad technique.

[0114] According to some embodiments, the pads may include a user interface. According to some embodiments, the pads may include one or more displays, e.g., a display screen (e.g., to display a subject's pulse, to show the charge, to show the status of the pads, to show connectivity, etc.). Optionally, the pads may include one or more indicator lights e.g., LED light. Optionally, the indicator lights may indicate a subject's pulse, to show the charge, to show the status of the pads, to show connectivity, etc.

[0115] According to some embodiments, the pads and / or processor may be connected to one or more sensors. According to some embodiments, the pads may include one or more local sensors. Optionally, the sensors may be internal to the pads. Optionally, the sensors may be located on one or more surfaces of the pads. Optionally, the sensors may be external to the pads. Optionally the sensors may be separate from the pads.

[0116] According to some embodiments, the sensors may be configured to detect one or more physiological indications from a subject, e.g., pulse, temperature, moisture, electrical conductivity, etc. Optionally, the sensors may detect the electrical conductivity between electrode and skin of the subject. Optionally, the electrical signal may be adjusted accordingly. Optionally, the sensors may be configured to detect and / or transmit electrocardiogram (EKG) monitoring to the processor and / or App and / or via the processor to the App, e.g., until the arrival of the ambulance.

[0117] According to some embodiments, the sensors may be configured to detect one or more features external to the subject, e.g., location, proximity to a medical facility. Optionally, the sensors may transmit such data to the App on the general-purpose computer. Optionally, the sensors may be included in the general-purpose computer. Optionally, data (e.g., the location of medical facilities) may be available over a network and / or accessible to the general-purpose computer. Optionally, the sensors may provide data to the general-purpose computer which may be transmitted to emergency medical personnel, e.g., location of the subject, condition of the subject, etc.

[0118] According to some embodiments, the defibrillator pads may connect wirelessly to a remote device (e.g., an administrator App, and / or general computer device of a medical professional) and / or be controlled by the external device (e.g., a user’s mobile phone, dedicated remote device, heart monitor, smart watch, etc.). Optionally, a remote device may be external to the system. Optionally, an external device may include one or more external features (e.g., location, proximity to a medical facility, etc.). Optionally, an external device may be configured for monitoring a subject and / or alerting the subject and / or others when an emergency occurs. Optionally, the external device may be wearable. Optionally, the external device may provide real-time indications and / or alerting of heart function and / or measurements. Optionally, data from the external device may be transmitted (e.g., wirelessly) to the user’s personal computing device. Optionally, data from the external device may enable pre-setting of the pads to be activated. Optionally, data from the external device may facilitate simultaneous alerting of pre-set contacts and / or emergency medical services. Optionally, the App may facilitate all such operations e.g., the App may receive the data from the external device and may execute the operations mentioned.

[0119] According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may connect wirelessly to an external device to use the sensors of such device, e.g., GPS, camera, etc. Optionally, the external device may be a personal computing device of the subject, and / or one or more bystanders. Optionally, the personal computing device may be smart device, smart watch, smart ring, mobile phone, laptop, tablet, etc.

[0120] According to some embodiments, a system may include connection to remote sensors. Optionally, the remote sensors may be external sensors (e.g., smart watch, etc.) to the system. Optionally the external sensors may facilitate alerting and / or respond to a cardiac event while sleeping, such an event would in most cases have resulted in death.

[0121] According to some embodiments, the system may be worn by the subject e.g., electrodes and / or sensors and / or pads may be worn by the subject, e.g., a user with a known medical condition (e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD), high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, family history, etc. or a combination thereof), and / or living alone and / or living with an elderly and / or incapacitated partner and / or living far away from rapid medical care. Optionally, the sensors (e.g., internal sensors of the electronic pad, and / or separately worn dedicated sensors, and / or external sensors (e.g., smart watch, mobile phone, etc. or a combination thereof)) may detect when a dangerous condition is occurring and / or is about to occur. Optionally, a dangerous condition detected by the sensors may include elevated heart rate, arrhythmia, decreased heart rate variability (HRV), increased blood pressure, changes in blood oxygen levels, changes in skin conductivity, changes in body temperature, etc. or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, an App on a personal computing device (e.g., a smartphone) of the subject may facilitate access to personal information and / or medical records while preserving privacy of the subject. For example, this data may be used to adjust interventions (e.g., the power level, timing, frequency of electric shocks) and / or to interpret sensor readings.

[0122] According to some embodiments, the subject may wear one or more electrodes and / or electronic pads. Optionally, the system may be configured to provide an electric shock through the electrodes and / or electronic pads when a dangerous condition is detected by the sensors. Optionally, the system may be integrated into an item of clothing, e.g. vest, shirt, etc. For example, the clothing may have elastic properties and / or may include an elastic band to hold the device snugly to the skin of the subject. Alternatively, or additionally, a device may be strapped to the subject. Optionally, the item of clothing may include one or more sensors, and / or one or more electrodes, and / or one or more electronic pads. Optionally, the system may be configured to protect a subject when there is no supervision, such as when no third party (e.g., spouse, children, carer, medical professional, first responder, by-stander, etc.) is present. Optionally, the system may be configured to be worn by a subject and / or to protect a subject when they are asleep. Optionally, the system may be configured to automatically apply an electric shock to a subject when a dangerous condition is detected. Optionally, the system may be configured to alert the subject and / or third party (e.g., spouse, children, carer, medical professional, first responder, by-stander, etc.) of an imminent cardiac event and / or when undergoing a cardiac event e.g., a 10-second advance warning, a warning that activates the system fully automatically, etc. Optionally, the alert may be visual, and / or audible, and / or haptic. Optionally, the wearable system may shorten the time to treatment.

[0123] According to some embodiments, the system may be configured to alert one or more pre-set contacts (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.) and / or activate a vocal alert when a cardiac disorder occurs in the subject. Optionally, the system may automatically prepare the pads and / or dial the local emergency center and / or pre-set phone numbers when a cardiac disorder is detected in the subject.

[0124] According to some embodiments, the pads and / or processor and / or personal computing device of the user may be connected to one or more local and / or remote sensors wirelessly and / or through cables. Optionally, a pad may connect to one or more sensors wirelessly and / or through a cable. Optionally, the pad may receive data from the sensors. Optionally, the pad may pass data received from the sensors to the processor and / or personal computing device of the user. Optionally, the pad may pass instructions received from the processor and / or personal computing device of the user to the sensors. Optionally, the pad may provide power to local sensors.

[0125] According to some embodiments, wireless connection to a processor and / or personal computing device of the user may advantageously alleviate the need to carry and / or transport and / or store and / or deploy and / or keep clear of wires and / or cables connecting between the pads and / or the sensors and / or the processor and / or personal computing device of the user. According to some embodiments, wireless control of the components of the portable defibrillator may facilitate transfer of control of the defibrillator when transferring the subject e.g., from the care of the user to the care of a medical professional, such as a paramedic, etc., from the care of one medical professional to another, such as from a paramedic to hospital staff, etc.

[0126] According to some embodiments, some or all of the pads may include its own individual wireless connection. Optionally, the wireless connection may facilitate wireless connection between the pads. Optionally, the wireless connection may facilitate wireless connection to a processor and / or an App on the personal computing device of the user.

[0127] According to some embodiments, some or all of the pads may include a port for connection to processor and / or an App on the personal computing device of the user through one or more cables. Optionally, the pads may be connected to each other and / or to the App on the personal computing device of the user by one or more cables. Optionally, the cables may be configured for communication between the pads, charging of the pads, transfer of charge from one pad to another, transmission and reception of instructions from an App on the personal computing device of the user, transfer of electrical power from a processor unit e.g., which may be connected to only one electrode.

[0128] According to some embodiments, the App may be located on a remote controller device. Optionally, the remote controller device may be included in a storage case for the pads and / or may be a separate dedicated device. Optionally, the control device may be an App on a personal computing device e.g., smart device, mobile phone, laptop, tablet, etc.

[0129] According to some embodiments, the pads may attach to each other for convenient carrying. Optionally, the pads may attach to a personal computing device for convenience and / or ease of transport, e.g., a mobile phone, etc. According to some embodiments, the pads may be carried in a housing and / or case. Optionally, the case may include a dedicated remote controller. Optionally, the case may be a dedicated remote controller.

[0130] According to some embodiments, the pads may be small enough to fit into the pocket of a user. Optionally, the pads and / or the case may have a length ranging between about 2 cm to about 4 cm, and / or between about 4 cm to about 6 cm, and / or between about 6 cm to about 10 cm, and / or between about 10 cm to about 20 cm. Optionally, the pads and / or the case may have a width ranging between about 2 cm to about 4 cm, and / or between about 4 cm to about 6 cm, and / or between about 6 cm to about 10 cm, and / or between about 10 cm to about 20 cm. Optionally, the pads and / or stickers may be folded for compact storage and / or transportation. Optionally, the pads and / or stickers may be unfolded, at least in part, during use.

[0131] According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may not require a dedicated user interface and / or processor. According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may be controlled by an App. Optionally, the App may be downloaded onto a general-purpose computer. According to some embodiments, the App may connect to one or more additional features and / or Apps present on the general-purpose computer, e.g., GPS, communication resources (e.g., connecting to an online communication system, connecting to a mobile phone network, connecting to a satellite phone network, etc.). Optionally, the App may communicate with one or more external devices of the user, subject, by-standers, location, etc. According to some embodiments, the App may activate communication with authorities, and / or medical professionals, and / or the subject’s emergency contacts, and / or any pre-set phone number (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.) to report the emergency and / or request assistance. According to some embodiments, the App may be configured to contact one or more pre-set contacts and / or alert them in response to at least one of activating the defibrillator, providing the electrical pulse, and / or opening the App.

[0132] According to some embodiments, the App may access the subject’s personal medical data and / or personal contact data. Optionally, the App may facilitate access and / or protection of confidential and pertinent data. Optionally, access to the subject’s medical data may assist in customization of the settings of the system and / or make the notifications more effective. For example, the App. may present instructions for a user on the interface of the computer. For example, the instructions may be step by step instructions and / or warnings for the proper application and activation of the defibrillator. According to some embodiments of the invention, the App will be integrated with the relevant Cardiac Arrest Algorithms databases, in order to determine the best method of treatment. According to some embodiments, the App may be configured to contact one or more pre-set monitoring devices (i.e. wearable sensors like smart watches, smart rings, etc.) in order to provide an early alert, e.g., few seconds before the cardiac arrest. Optionally, this automatic early alert may prepare the pads for treatment, and / or alert relevant contacts and emergency services. According to some embodiments, the App may be configured to guide the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (CPR). Optionally, the App may display how CPR is performed. Optionally, the App may provide feedback regarding the effectiveness of the CPR action (e.g., press harder, maintain this rhythm, move your hands to the left, etc.). Optionally, the App may give an indication of the exact location of the pads on the subject’s body.

[0133] According to some embodiments, the App may include an artificial intelligence algorithm (Al). According to some embodiments of the invention, the App will be integrated with Al and / or machine learning (ML) engine, in order to help the user to deliver the treatment in the most effective way. Optionally, the Al may instruct and / or assist a user in using the portable defibrillator, e.g., correctly positioning the pads and / or sensors, activating the electrodes or the duration of an electronic pulse, and / or at the intensity of the electronic pulse, contacting authorities and / or medical professionals and / or pre-set contacts (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.), etc. Optionally, the Al may provide feedback and / or instructions to the user if there is a difficulty related to the treatment. Optionally, the Al may analyze the condition of the subject. Optionally, the Al may determine if an electric pulse is needed, or not. Optionally, the Al may activate the electric pulse as needed by the subject once the pads have been correctly attached by the user. Optionally, a remote sensor (e.g., mobile phone camera and / or audio) may be accessed by the Al to assist in diagnosing a subject's condition to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. Optionally, the Al may send the location of the emergency event to an emergency service. Optionally, a remote sensor (e.g., mobile phone camera and / or audio) may be accessed by the Al to detect injuries to the subject. Optionally, the Al may facilitate real-time updates to the medical professionals on their way to the emergency location and / or medical professionals awaiting arrival of the subject at a treatment facility.

[0134] According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may be cheaper than current automated external defibrillators (AED). According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may facilitate rapid availability of a portable defibrillator anywhere in a minimum of time. According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may enable assistance and / or remote guidance of medical staff and / or provide updates on the treatment and / or status of a subject. According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may facilitate use of one or more external sensors (e.g., camera, microphone, etc.). Optionally, the one or more external sensors may be located on a personal computing device of a user. Optionally, one or more external sensors may be located on a dedicated controller. Optionally, the one or more external sensors may facilitate mirroring the subject's condition to an Al routine and / or another algorithm and / or another routine and / or to a remote medical team. Optionally, the personal computing device may facilitate performance of a wide variety of online operations, e.g., sending location, automatic dialing an emergency number and / or pre-entered phone numbers, transferring the subject's status to professionals, receiving instructions from a medical professional, etc.

[0135] Advantageously, the portable defibrillator may provide quick response and real-time care and updates to save lives, e.g., a huge time difference between defibrillators that are in a closed closet somewhere and a device that could be in anyone's pocket, since saving time saves lives. Advantageously, the portable defibrillator may provide an easily carried defibrillator which may answer the need for an external defibrillator without the need for a storage infrastructure for it.

[0136] According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may comprise an App which may be downloaded onto a personal computing device (e.g., smartphone, etc.) for controlling the system, and two or more pads. Optionally, thereby providing a life-saving solution at a low cost and with a short response time.

[0137] Advantageously, since the batteries may be installed inside the electrode pads, commands are received by wireless transmission, electrically conductive cables may not be required to provide an electrical pulse. Alternatively, or additionally, the electrode pads may be connected to an external power source (e.g., car battery, power grid, etc.). According to some embodiments, the defibrillator may not require being equipped with large external portable batteries, as in conventional AEDs. Optionally, the pads may include extending handles, thereby facilitating use of dry pads (e.g., no need for stickers). Optionally, one or more components of the system and / or the pads may be replaceable and / or interchangeable.

[0138] According to some embodiments, the system may include one or more multi -function pads. Optionally, the pads may include one or more of batteries, sensors, electric capacitor, other wireless connectors. Optionally, the pad may be capable of communication with an App. Optionally, the controller for the pads may include an App. Optionally, the pads may be adaptive. Optionally, the pads may include the capability of changing the electric surface area. Optionally, the App may be on a personal computing device. Optionally, the pads and / or personal computing device may be connected to an external power source. Optionally, the App may be connected to other remote on-line devices, such as, a smart phone, a smart watch, personal computer. Optionally, the connection to an external device may facilitate alerting and / or responding to a cardiac event.

[0139] Alternatively, or additionally, integration the portable defibrillator with Al may provide accurate diagnosis, optimal guidance of the user (non-professional), transfer of images and / or accurate real-time information to the ambulance team on the way and / or medical staff waiting at a treatment facility.

[0140] In some embodiments, the system may include sensors that remain on the body of a user. For example, in some embodiments, the pads may include sensors and / or may be kept in contact with a person in danger of cardiac events. Additionally, or alternatively, other sensors such e.g., a dedicated sensor (e.g., a biometric sensor such an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and / or a blood pressure sensor) and / or an external sensor (e.g., a smart watch) may be kept of the patient even in times when the defibrillator in not in use. These sensors may give early warning on coming coronary events and / or a caretaker may be notified and / or the user may be notified and / or the defibrillator may be activated.

[0141] Alternatively, or additionally, the portable defibrillator may be used as a temporary pacemaker. Optionally, the portable defibrillator may detect and / or treat tachycardia e.g., on the way to a medical treatment facility.

[0142] The terms “general purpose computer” and “computer” as used herein may refer to a device designed to perform a broad range of tasks and / or computations. General-purpose computers are characterized by their flexibility, as they can run a variety of software applications, for example including word processing and data analysis. They are programmable, meaning they can be reprogrammed or configured to perform different tasks. Some general-purpose computers are capable of multitasking, allowing them to handle multiple applications or processes at the same time. The general functionality of general-purpose computers includes performing arithmetic operations, logic processing, and handling different types of data, including text, images, and video.

[0143] Examples of general-purpose computers include personal computers (PCs) such as desktops and laptops, which run operating systems like Windows, macOS, or Linux and can be used for tasks ranging from word processing to gaming. Smart phones and tablets are also general -purpose devices, as they can run a wide range of applications, from communication tools to entertainment and productivity apps. Servers, which are powerful computers designed to host websites, databases, and applications for multiple users, also fall into this category. Larger systems like mainframes, used in organizations for bulk data processing and complex computations, and supercomputers, which perform high-level scientific research, simulations, and weather modeling, are examples of general-purpose computers. Regardless of their size or complexity, all these devices are general-purpose because they can be used for a variety of tasks depending on the software that they are running.

[0144] For the purpose of the current disclosure, personal computing devices are electronic devices designed for individual use, enabling users to perform a variety of tasks. For example, tasks performed on a personal computing device may include, browsing the internet, managing documents, creating media, and running software applications. These devices are typically portable, user-friendly, and tailored for personal or home use. A personal computing device may be used for work, entertainment, communication, and / or education. In some embodiments, a personal computing device is designed to be accessible and efficient, allowing users to engage in a broad range of activities. Examples of personal computing devices include desktop computers, laptop computers, smartphones, tablets, wearables and gaming consoles. Desktop computers, are stationary machines that may comprise a central unit, monitor, keyboard, and / or mouse, and are commonly used for work, gaming, and general computing tasks. Laptops are portable computers that combine the monitor, keyboard, and / or other components into a single, compact device. In some embodiments, laptop computers offer flexibility for users to work or browse the internet from virtually anywhere. Smartphones are mobile phones with advanced computing capabilities, which may include, internet access, app support, camera functionality, and media playback. In some embodiments, a smartphone may be used in daily life for communication, social media, navigation, and entertainment. Tablets are portable touchscreen devices that are larger than smartphones, but smaller than laptops, often used for media consumption, browsing, and light productivity tasks, with popular examples including the Apple iPad and Microsoft Surface. E-readers, such as the Amazon Kindle, are specialized devices primarily designed for reading digital books, providing a paper-like screen for a comfortable reading experience. Wearables, like smartwatches (e.g., Apple Watch or Samsung Galaxy Watch), integrate with smartphones to offer on-the-go access to notifications, health tracking, and communication tools. Gaming consoles, such as the Sony PlayStation, Microsoft Xbox, and Nintendo Switch, are devices primarily designed for playing video games, though they also offer multimedia capabilities and internet connectivity beyond gaming.

[0145] In some embodiments, a general-purpose computer and / or personal computing device may include a user interface such as a keyboard, a display screen, a pointing device, touchscreen, and / or voice recognition to facilitate interaction with a user. Optionally, they may include wired and / or wireless connections and / or network connections.

[0146] For the sake of the current disclosure, the terms plate and pad (e.g., defibrillator plate and defibrillator pad) are used synonymously. Where the term plate is used, it is understood to also refer a pad and where the term pad is used it is understood to refer also to a plate unless stated otherwise.

[0147] According to some embodiments, the portable defibrillator may include two or more pads. According to some embodiments, the pads may be electrified. Optionally, the pads may include a power source, and / or a capacitator, and / or the electronic system. Optionally, the pads may be identical. Optionally, the pads may be non-identical. Optionally, if the pads are nonidentical, they may be marked to indicate the difference and / or recommended positioning of the pad, e.g., left and right, etc.

[0148] SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0149] Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components and / or methods set forth in the following description and / or illustrated in the drawings and / or the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

[0150] Reference is now made to Fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a first aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the portable defibrillator system may include two pads 52 and a wireless connection to a personal computing device 54 (e.g., a mobile phone). The pads 52 may connect wirelessly to personal computing device 54 and vice versa. Some or all of the pads may include its own power source (e.g., a rechargeable battery), a pad 52 includes one or more electrodes (not shown) and one or more sensors 56. The pads may be attached to the subject using stickers and / or extendable handles. The stickers may be foldable. Personal computing device 54 may include an App configured to control the system. The App may be configured to connect to and / or to control the pads e.g., charge, duration, activation, etc. and / or receive data from the sensors 56. The App may be downloadable. The App may be downloadable onto any make, model and / or type of personal computing device. The App may connect to a cloud server 58. Optionally, the cloud server 58 may connect to one or more additional devices and / or networks. The App may use one or more sensors and / or functionality of the personal computing device 54, e.g., GPS, network connection, satellite connection, cellular network connection e.g., to request medical assistance and / or to contact pre- determined phone numbers.

[0151] Reference is now made to Figs. 2A-D are schematic diagrams illustrating various aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. For example, each of Figs. 2A-D may schematically show an aspect of the invention. For example, Fig. 2A may show a first aspect of the invention in which a personal computing device 12 e.g., a mobile phone) may connect wirelessly (e.g., a cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, Bluetooth, etc.) to two or more pads 2, wherein some or all of the pads 2 and personal computing device 12 includes its own power source (e.g., rechargeable batteries). Optionally, some or all of the pads 2 may be sized to fit within a pocket of a user.

[0152] For example, Fig. 2B may show a second aspect of the invention in which a dedicated remote control device 14 (e.g., control device, mobile phone, etc.) may connect wirelessly (e.g., a cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, Bluetooth, etc.) to two or more pads 4, wherein some or all of the pads 4 and the remote control device 14 includes its own power source (e.g., rechargeable batteries). Optionally, some or all of the pads 4 and / or the remote controller 14 may be sized to fit within a pocket of a user.

[0153] For example, Fig. 2C may show a third aspect of the invention in which personal computing device 16 (e.g., a touch screen in a vehicle 18) may connect to two or more pads 6. Optionally, a personal computing device 10 may connect wirelessly to the pads 6. Optionally, some or all of the pads 6 and the personal computing device 16 may include its own power source. Optionally, the battery of vehicle 18 may be connected by one or more cables 20 to pads 6. Optionally, vehicle 18 may power pads 6 for one or more electric shocks to the subject.

[0154] For example, Fig. 2D may show a fourth aspect of the invention in which personal computing device 12 (e.g., a mobile phone, laptop, tablet, desktop computer, etc.) may connect wirelessly and / or by one or more cables (not shown) to two or more pads 8. Optionally, some or all of the pads 8 and the personal computing device 12 may include its own power source 22. Optionally, an external power source 22 (e.g., electricity grid, power bank, household outlet, etc.) may be connected by one or more cables 24 to pads 8. Optionally, external power source 22 may be used to power some or all of the pads 8 and / or personal computing device 12. Optionally, external power source 22 may power pads 8 for one or more electric shocks to the subject.

[0155] Reference is now made to Figs. 3A-B, which are exemplary schematic diagrams illustrating of the pads in their stored form, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the pads 30 may attach to each other and / or to a personal computing device for easy and / or convenient transportation. Optionally, the pads 30 may be incorporated into a case and / or holder. Optionally, the case and / or holder may attach to a personal computing device. Optionally, the pads 30 may be held to the personal computing device by various means, e.g., clips, stickers, an attachment frame, bracket, etc. Optionally, the pads may connect to the personal computing device by a cable, e.g., a USB cable. Optionally, the pads may include a user interface 32 and / or a display 34.

[0156] Reference is now made to Figs. 4A-B, which are exemplary schematic diagrams illustrating sticker type pads, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, pads 38 may include electrodes. Optionally, the electrodes may provide an electric pulse to a subject on activation by a processor and / or by connection to a personal computing device. Optionally, the electrodes and / or pads may be wet, dry and / or sticky. Optionally, the pads may include one or more stickers 36. Optionally, the stickers 36 may be located on the backs of the pads. Optionally, the stickers 36 may be folded away during transport. Optionally, the stickers 36 may be unfolded during use. Optionally, the stickers 36 may attach the pads to the skin of the subject. Optionally, stickers 36 may facilitate contact between the electrodes and the skin of the subject. Optionally, stickers 36 may maintain contact between the electrodes and the skin of the subject.

[0157] According to some embodiments, the pads may be portable. According to some embodiments, a pad 38 may have its own power source (i.e., two electrodes / pads have separate power sources). Optionally, the power source may include a rechargeable battery and / or a single use battery. Optionally, a pad 38 may connect to an external electricity source, e.g., external battery or electric grid. According to some embodiments, the power source of the pads may be independent of the power source of the processor. According to some embodiments, the power source of the personal computing device may be independent of the power source of a pad. Optionally, pads 38 may include a user interface 40 and / or a display 42. According to some embodiments, a pad 38 may be wireless. Optionally, pads 38 may communicate with the personal computing device over a wireless connection (e.g., a cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, Bluetooth, etc.). Optionally, control of pads 38 may be switched from one personal computing device to another personal computing device without physical connection (e.g., the pads may be supplied alone with instructions to download an application to a personal computing device and use thereof).

[0158] According to some embodiments, the wireless system, the online access, the combination of the batteries within the pads (with the electrodes) may facilitate rapid and efficient treatment.

[0159] Reference is now made to Figs. 5A-B, which are exemplary schematic diagrams illustrating handle type pads, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, pads 48 may include a handle 46. Optionally, pads 48 may be transported with the handle 46 flat against the back of the pad. Optionally, handle 46 may be opened and / or extended prior to use and / or while in use. Optionally, pad 48 may include a security button and / or lock which may inhibit accidental extension of handle 46 when not in use. Optionally, the security button may be released prior to use and / or when in use. Optionally, the security button may ensure that a distance between the user and the subject's body e.g., to prevent electrocution of the user. Optionally, handle 46 may facilitate holding the pad 48 against the skin of the subject. Optionally, the handle may facilitate contact between the electrodes and the skin of the subject.

[0160] According to some embodiments, the pads may be small enough to fit into the pocket of a user. Optionally, the pads and / or the case may have a length ranging between about 2 cm to about 4 cm, and / or between about 4 cm to about 6 cm, and / or between about 6 cm to about 10 cm. Optionally, the pads and / or the case may have a width ranging between about 2 cm to about 4 cm, and / or between about 4 cm to about 6 cm, and / or between about 6 cm to about 10 cm.

[0161] According to some embodiments, the pads 48 may include a user interface 44. Optionally, one or some or all of the pads may include a processor. According to some embodiments, pads 48 may include one or more displays 50, e.g., a display screen (e.g., to display a subject's pulse, to show the charge, to show the status of the pads, to show connectivity, etc.). Optionally, the pads may include one or more indicator lights e.g., LED light. Optionally, the indicator lights may indicate a subject's pulse, to show the charge, to show the status of the pads, to show connectivity, etc. Optionally, the display may include one or more indicator lights.

[0162] Reference is now made to Fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a second aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the portable defibrillator system may include two pads 60 and a wireless connection to a remote-control device 62 (e.g., a personal computing device, a dedicated controller etc.). The pads 60 may connect wirelessly to the remote control device 62 and vice versa. Some or all of the pads 60 includes its own power source (e.g., a rechargeable battery). A pad 60 includes one or more electrodes and one or more sensors. The pads may be attached using stickers and / or extendable handles 64. The stickers may be foldable. The remote control device 62 may be a personal computing device 66 (e.g., a mobile phone). The remotecontrol device 62 may include an App. The App may connect to a cloud server. The remotecontrol device may include a GPS, network connection, satellite connection, cellular network connection to request medical assistance and / or to contact pre-determined phone numbers. Optionally, a personal computing device 66 may take over from the remote-control device 62 at any point during use of the portable defibrillator system.

[0163] Reference is now made to Fig. 7, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a second aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the portable defibrillator system may include two pads 70 and a wireless connection to a remote-control 72 (e.g., personal computing device, dedicated remote controller, etc.). A pad 70 may include a power source 74 (e.g., a rechargeable battery), one or more of a processor e.g., smart card, (not shown), wireless connector 82 (e.g., a cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, Bluetooth, etc.), capacitor (not shown), electrodes (not shown), sensors 80, a display screen 76, an optional grip handle 78 and / or optional safety button 84. Pads may connect to each other pad wirelessly. A pad may connect wirelessly to a remote controller 72. The remote controller 72 may connect to the cloud 86.

[0164] Reference is now made to Figs. 8A-B, which are schematic diagrams illustrating the basic structure of the pads in the first and second aspects, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, a pad may have a multilayered structure. The proximal layer 90 may include the electrodes and sensors. The proximal layer 90 may contact the skin of the subject. Optionally, the proximal layer 90 may include foldable sticker (not shown). The stickers may attach the pad to the via the sticker. The layer adjacent 92 to the proximal layer 90 may be the electronic and communication layer. The electronic and communication layer 92 may include a capacitor and / or one or more sensors and / or one or more electrodes, and / or a processor (e.g., smart card), and / or wireless connector, etc. The electronic and communication layer 92 may be connected to the power layer 94 which may include, for example, a rechargeable battery. The distal (outer) layer 96 may include an extendable handle 98, and / or indicator lights 95, and / or a display screen 97 (in Fig. 8B, two possible variations are shown). The shown layers may be merged, and / or divided and / or be in different orders. Optionally, not all components of the system may be included in the illustrations. Optionally, various layers may be combined into a single layer. Optionally, the order of the various layers may vary.

[0165] According to some embodiments, since the batteries may be located within the pad may facilitate the system to being wireless. Optionally, the pads may be dry or sticky. Optionally, opening the handles 98 and extending them may require release of a security button. Optionally, the security button may ensure that a distance between the user and the subject (e.g., to prevent electrocution). Optionally, the wireless system may include online access. Optionally, the combination of the batteries in the pad with the electrode, may facilitate rapid and efficient treatment.

[0166] Reference is now made to Fig. 9, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a third aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the portable defibrillator system may include two pads 108 and a connection to a general computer device. A pad 108 may include one or more of a power source (e.g., a rechargeable battery, port for connection to an external power source, etc.), processor (e.g., smart card), wireless connector (e.g., a cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, Bluetooth, etc.), capacitor, sensors, a display screen, a grip handle and / or safety button. Pads 108 may connect to each other pad wirelessly. A pad may connect to a general computer device by a cable 106. The cable 106 may be a USB cable. The general computer device may be a vehicle touch screen 102, personal computing device 100 (e.g., mobile phone, tablet, laptop, etc.) and / or dedicated remote-control device (not shown). Optionally, a vehicle 104 may include a dedicated connection point to the vehicle touch screen. Optionally, vehicle 104 may power pads 108.

[0167] According to some embodiments, pads 108 may be connected to an external power source (e.g., vehicle electrical system, a vehicle battery, power bank, etc.). Optionally, vehicle 104 may include a connection point to the vehicle electrical system. Optionally, the connection point may be installed externally, or internally in the vehicle (e.g., in the dashboard, or the side mirrors, etc.). Optionally, the connection point may be the dedicated port and cable, (e.g., in electric cars) that facilitates connection to external electrical devices. Optionally, the cable may include a transformer and / or power adapter.

[0168] According to some embodiments, use of the electric power provided by the vehicle's 104 electrical system (e.g., battery) may facilitate providing an unlimited number of electrical pulses to the subject. Optionally, a vehicle system may provide a quick response to ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, etc. on the road. Optionally, the App may be downloaded onto the vehicle's media player. Optionally, the App may activate the pads through the touch screen in the vehicle. Optionally, the pads may be activated through a personal computing device 100, e.g., mobile phone, tablet, laptop, etc. Optionally, treatment may be provided in the vehicle, or outside the vehicle e.g., within the range of the cables and / or Bluetooth connection.

[0169] According to some embodiments, the third aspect may include any and / or all features of the first and / or second aspects of the invention.

[0170] Reference is now made to Fig. 10, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a fourth aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the portable defibrillator system may include two pads 120 and a connection to a personal computing device 112 (e.g., mobile phone, tablet, laptop, desktop, entertainment center, a tablet, a smartphone etc.). A pad 120 may include a power source (e.g., a rechargeable battery), processor (e.g., smart card), wireless connector (e.g., a cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, Bluetooth, etc.), capacitor, sensors, a display screen, a grip handle and / or safety button. Pads 120 may connect to each other pad wirelessly. A pad 120 may connect to a personal computing device 112 wirelessly. A pad may connect to a personal computing device 112 by a communication cable (not shown). The communication cable may be a USB cable.

[0171] According to some embodiments, the pads 120 may be connected to the power grid, e.g., in a building. Optionally, the pads 120 may connect to an electrical outlet 122 by one or more cables 118. Optionally, electrical outlet 122 may be any type of electrical outlet. Optionally, a building may include a dedicated connection point. Optionally, a building may include a house, apartment building, office building, public building, monument, guard house, garage, warehouse, factory, etc. Optionally, the system may include a transformer 116. According to some embodiments, use of the electric power provided by the external power source may facilitate providing an unlimited number of electrical pulses. Optionally, the system may provide a quick response to ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, etc. at home, in the office and / or in a public place. Optionally, the App may be downloaded onto the user's personal computing device e.g., mobile phone, tablet, laptop, etc. Optionally, the App may activate the pads. Optionally, treatment may be provided in the building, or outside the building e.g., within the range of the cables and / or Bluetooth connection. According to some embodiments, the system may include a pair of wireless pads, a power cable and a downloadable App (e.g., onto a smartphone) for use when needed at home, in the office, etc.

[0172] According to some embodiments, the fourth aspect may include any and / or all features of the first and / or second and / or third aspects of the invention.

[0173] Reference is now made to Figs. 11A-B which are schematic diagrams illustrating the basic structure of the pads in the third and fourth aspects, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, a pad may have a multilayered structure. The proximal layer 130 may include the electrode and sensors. The proximal layer 130 may contact the skin of the subject. Optionally, the proximal layer 130 may include a foldable sticker. The stickers may attach the pad to the via the sticker. The layer adjacent to the proximal layer 130 may be the electronic and communication layer 132. The electronic and communication layer 132 may include a capacitor and / or one or more sensors and / or one or more electrodes, and / or a processor (e.g., smart card), and / or wireless connector, etc. The distal (outer) layer 134 may include an extendable handle 136, and / or indicator lights 133, and / or a display screen 135 (in Fig. 1 IB two possible variations are shown). The shown layers may be merged, and / or divided and / or be in different orders. Optionally, not all components of the system may be included in the illustration. Optionally, various layers may be combined into a single layer. Optionally, the order of the various layers may vary.

[0174] According to some embodiments, the pads may be dry or sticky. Optionally, opening the handles 136 and extending them may require release of a security button. Optionally, the security button may ensure that the distance between the user and the subject (e.g., to prevent electrocution). Optionally, the system may include online access. Optionally, the system may facilitate rapid and efficient treatment.

[0175] According to some embodiments, the system may be powered by an external source, e.g., vehicle electrical system, (e.g., through the cigarette lighter, a USB plug (e.g., available in public places such as trains, busses, mobile computers etc.), power bank (such as a mobile phone charger), power grid (through an electrical outlet of a building optionally with a rectifier and / or transformer), etc. Optionally, since the source of electrical power is from an external source, there may be no need for batteries inside the pads. Optionally, the source of electrical power is large, may facilitate delivery of multiple electrical pulses.

[0176] According to some embodiments, the system, in any of its aspects, may include a means of automatic dialing to an emergency center and / or pre-set phone numbers.

[0177] According to some embodiments, the system may be operated with two pads and a personal computing device including an App. Optionally, when connected to a personal computing device with the App, e.g., a smartphone that has the application downloaded and installed. Optionally, the smartphone may "take control". Optionally, the App may display a dashboard of the data from the pads and / or additional sensors. Optionally, the App may mirror the display of the screen of the pads (e.g., indications, operation system, feedback, etc.). Optionally, the location of the emergency event may be sent to an emergency center. Optionally, connecting the App may activate any of the options of the various aspects of the invention.

[0178] According to some embodiments, use of an App on a personal computing device may provide additional options, such as: automatic dialing to an emergency center, automatic dialing to any pre-set phone number, receiving voice and / or visual instructions from an Al and / or medical professional, transmitting indications regarding heart function, receiving instructions from an Al and / or medical professional, transferring activation control of the pads to and / or medical professional, etc.

[0179] Reference is now made to Fig. 12, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, pads 404 may be placed on the subject. Optionally, the pads 404 be connected to each other wirelessly and / or by one or more cables 408. Optionally, the pads may communicate with a personal computing device 406, such as a mobile phone, smart watch 410, dedicated remote control device (not shown), etc.). Optionally, an App on the personal computing device 406 may control the functions of the pads. Optionally, the App may be configured to contact one or more pre-set phone numbers 400, and / or emergency services 402, medical systems, and / or switchboards and / or medical databases, etc. Optionally, the system may connect wirelessly to a pre-programmed device, e.g., a smart watch 410. Optionally, the system may facilitate alerting pre-set contacts. Optionally, the system may facilitate two-way communication with a medical professional. Functions such as monitoring the subject and / or warning of certain conditions may exploit sensors on the defibrator unit, electrodes, an external wearable device, an external sensor (e.g., sensors of a cell phone). Optionally, the defibrillator application may conduct monitoring and / or warning whether or not the defibrillator pads are in contact with the subject.

[0180] For example, connection to a smart watch 410 may facilitate detection of physical indicators, such as by sensors commonly found in a sports watch. The subject and / or the user may receive an alert prior to a dangerous event (e.g., about 10 seconds before a heart attack). In such a situation, connected devices (including pre-set contacts) may receive an alert. Optionally, the system may prepare itself for action (e.g., may begin charging, etc.). Optionally, the system may be configured to facilitate use in the case of a heart attack during sleep.

[0181] According to some embodiments, the described features may be combined with any previously described and / or disclosed aspect of the invention.

[0182] In some embodiments, the sensors may be used as a warning system even whether or not the defibrillator is in use. For example, the general computer may read physical indicators from a sensor (e.g., a dedicated sensor worn by the user and / or a general-purpose sensor such as a sports watch). For example, based on the sensor output, the computer may transmit an alert and / or an alarm. For example, between 5 and 20 seconds before a cardiac event the system may alert the subject and / or emergency services and / or someone else. Alternatively, or additionally, an alert may send to a caretaker (e.g., to a family members' smartphone). In some embodiments, the defibrillator may be worn by a subject and / or the computer may active the defibrillator automatically, when a subject is experiencing a cardiac event. The computer may prepare the defibrillator for action. For example, this background monitoring, alerting and / or preparing may save a live in the case of a heart attack during sleep.

[0183] Reference is now made to Fig. 13, which is a schematic diagram illustrating the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, communication between a personal computing device 420 (e.g., mobile phone, a tablet, etc.) and one or more pads 422 may be wireless and / or through one or more cables (not shown). Additionally, or alternatively, pads 422 may be connected to each other wirelessly and / or via one or more cables 424. Optionally, pads 422 may be connected to each other and / or to the personal computing device 420 by one or more cables 424. Optionally, cable 424 may be configured for communication between the pads 422, charging of the pads 422, transfer of charge from one pad to another, transmission and reception of instructions from a personal computing device 420, transfer of electrical power from a single control unit e.g., which may be connected to only one electrode and / or to various electrodes. Optionally, cable 424 may be flexible, and / or semi-flexible, and / or rigid. Optionally, cable 424 may be a data cable. Optionally, cable 424 may be an electrical cable.

[0184] According to some embodiments, the described features may be combined with any previously described and / or disclosed aspect of the invention.

[0185] Reference is now made to Fig. 14, which is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary worn portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the system may be integrated into a wearable accessory. Optionally, the system may be integrated into an item of clothing 432, e.g. vest, shirt, etc. Optionally, the item of clothing 432 may include one or more sensors, and / or one or more electrodes, and / or one or more electronic pads. Optionally, one or more pads 434 may be integrated into the item of clothing 432. Optionally, pads 434 may be connected to each other and / or to a personal computing device 430 (e.g., a mobile phone, a tablet, a personal computer (PC) etc.) by one or more cables 436 and / or wirelessly. Optionally, pads 434 and / or personal computing device 430 may be connected to one or more external sensors and / or devices e.g., smart watch 438, etc.

[0186] According to some embodiments, pads 434 may include one or more integral batteries (not shown). Optionally, pads 434 may be connected to one or more external batteries (not shown). Optionally, the batteries may be housed within the item of clothing, e.g., a pocket of the vest, etc. Optionally, the batteries may be housed within a separate item of clothing, e.g., a pocket of a belt, jacket, etc. Optionally, the item of clothing 432 may be worn by the subject during the day e.g., while performing daily activities, and / or at night e.g., while asleep. Optionally, the item of clothing 432 may fit snuggly to the skin of the subject. Optionally, the item of clothing 432 may be adjustable.

[0187] According to some embodiments, the system may be configured to protect a subject when there is no supervision, such as when no third party (e.g., spouse, children, carer, medical professional, first responder, by-stander, etc.) is present. Optionally, the system may be configured to be worn by a subject and / or to protect a subject when they are asleep. Optionally, the system may be configured to automatically apply an electric shock to a subject when a dangerous condition is detected.

[0188] According to some embodiments, the system may be worn by the subject e.g., electrodes and / or sensors and / or pads may be worn by the subject, e.g., a subject with a known medical condition (e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD), high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, family history, etc. or a combination thereof), and / or living alone and / or living with an elderly and / or incapacitated partner and / or living far away from rapid medical care. Optionally, the sensors (e.g., internal sensors of the electronic pad, and / or separately worn dedicated sensors, and / or external sensors (e.g., smart watch, mobile phone, etc. or a combination thereof)) may detect when a dangerous condition is occurring and / or is about to occur in the subject. Optionally, a dangerous condition detected by the sensors may include elevated heart rate, arrhythmia, decreased heart rate variability (HRV), increased blood pressure, changes in blood oxygen levels, changes in skin conductivity, changes in body temperature, etc. or a combination thereof.

[0189] According to some embodiments, the subject may wear one or more electrodes and / or electronic pads. Optionally, the system may be configured to provide an electric shock through the electrodes and / or electronic pads when a dangerous condition is detected by the sensors.

[0190] According to some embodiments, the described features may be combined with any previously described and / or disclosed aspect of the invention.

[0191] Reference is now made to Fig. 15, which is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary pads, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the system may include one or more disposable pads 440 including an electrode 441. Optionally, pads 440 may include sticker electrodes. Optionally, pads 440 may have multiple layers 442 and / or include an electronic device. For example, the electronic device may include a processor and / or a communication module (e.g., a wireless transceiver) and / or a charge source (e.g., a capacitor) and / or a power source and / or a sensor. Optionally, the electronic device may connect to personal computing device 444 wirelessly and / or through one or more cables (not shown). Optionally, the pads 440 and / or the electronic device may include various components of the miniaturized defibrillator: a power source (e.g., a battery and / or a connector for connection to an external power source), capacitor, a processor (e.g., a printed circuit board (PCB), smart card, etc.), sensors (e.g., to detect the heart rate and / or condition), a communication component (e.g., for wireless connection to a computer 444, e.g., a compatible App on a smartphone which may optionally diagnose, analyzes, and / or operates the pad. Optionally, pad 440 and / or electronic device may be connected to one electrode 441. Optionally, multiple pads 440 may be connected by a cable (not shown) e.g., for information transfer from the sensors and / or charge transfer. Optionally, instruction to provide an electric shock (or not) may be transferred from personal computing device 444 to pad 440 and / or electrode 441 via an electronic device on a pad 440.

[0192] According to some embodiments, the described features may be combined with any previously described and / or disclosed aspect of the invention.

[0193] Reference is now made to Fig. 16, which is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary pads, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the system may include one or more pads 450, 454. Optionally, a pad 450, 454 may include one or more electrodes 451, for example, sticker electrodes. Optionally, pads 450, 454 may be interconnected through one or more cables 458a, 458b. For example, there may be a data cable 458a and / or a power cable 458b. Alternatively or additionally, power and / or communication may be through a single cable. Optionally, electrodes 451 and / or pads 450, 454 may connect to personal computing device 456 wirelessly and / or through one or more cables (not shown). Optionally, pad 450, 454 may include an electrode 451 and / or sticker. Optionally, a pad 454 may include an electronic device 452. For example, device 452 may include a processor and / or a communication module (e.g., a wireless transceiver) and / or a power source and / or a charge source (e.g., a capacitor) and / or a sensor. Alternatively, or additionally, some electronic components may be included in one pad 454 and / or some electronic components may be included in another pad 450. Optionally, cables 458a, 458b may include two or more wires. Optionally, the wires may be configured for connecting the electronic device 452 of pad 454 to pad 450 and / or electrode 451. Optionally, cables 458a, 458b may facilitate transfer of electrical power and / or information, e.g., the transmission and reception of instructions. Optionally, a single pad 454 may include a processor configured to control the transfer of electrical power and / or information to and from one or more connected electrodes and / or sensors upon instruction from personal computing device 456. Optionally, pad 454 may include one or more of the following components: sensors, battery, capacitor, processor (e.g., electronic card), communication component (e.g., for connection to a personal computing device, and / or one or more external devices), etc. Optionally, some components may be located in a separate layer of the pad. Optionally, various components may be combined into a single layer. Optionally, the order of the various layers may vary. Optionally, personal computing device 456 may include an App configured to receive data from electronic device 452, and / or to analyze the data from the sensors, and / or to provide instructions, including whether or not to deliver an electric shock.

[0194] According to some embodiments, the described features may be combined with any previously described and / or disclosed aspect of the invention.

[0195] Reference is now made to Fig. 17, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a fifth aspect of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, the system may include and / or function in conjunction with an Al 140 and / or ML algorithm. Optionally, the Al may be included in an App. Optionally, the Al 140 may be located on a personal computing device 142.

[0196] According to some embodiments, the fifth aspect may include any and / or all features of the first and / or second and / or third and / or fourth aspects of the invention. According to some embodiments, online defibrillator which is not limited in terms of power availability, may be supported by Al, and / or may be easy to operate by any user.

[0197] According to some embodiments, the Al 140 may function as a personal assistant. Optionally, the Al 140 may understand human speech. Optionally, the Al 140 may guide the user, Optionally, the Al 140 may ask questions and / or provide answers to improve the quality of care. Optionally, the Al 140 may function as a personal assistant. Optionally, the Al 140 may guide the user in positioning the pads and / or activating an electric pulse. Optionally, Al 140 may function without an internet connection. Optionally, the Al 140 may use the sensors to determine the status of the subject and / or to provide treatment guidance. Optionally, the Al 140 may communicate with the approaching ambulance crew and / or waiting medical team at a medical facility. Optionally, the Al 140 may transmit the user's condition to the approaching ambulance crew and / or waiting medical team at a medical facility.

[0198] According to some embodiments, the Al may instruct the user to use one or more external sensors (e.g., camera) to detect injuries on the body of the subject (e.g., injuries that could have been caused by the subject falling, or for any other reason which may or may not be connected to the heart problem), for example, checking and / or photographing the pupils of the eyes and / or transferring the images to the approaching ambulance crew and / or waiting medical team at a medical facility.

[0199] According to some embodiments, even without the support of a medical team, the Al may be able to guide the user in various actions, such as CPR, etc. Optionally, the Al may provide feedback on the effectiveness of the user's actions. Optionally, the Al may guide the user regarding positioning and / or attaching the (adhesive) pads. Optionally, the computer may guide the user regarding turning the pads into a pacemaker (if needed) until the arrival of the medical team.

[0200] Reference is now made to Fig. 18 is a block diagram of the first and second aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, system 150 may include two pads 160 and a personal computing device 158. A pad 160 may optionally include processor 161, wireless connector 162, at least one electrode 164, power source 166 (e.g., rechargeable battery), sensors 168, display 170 and / or stickers (not shown) and / or a handle (not shown). The personal computing device 158 may optionally include a wireless connector 152, a power source 154 (e.g., a rechargeable battery), a display 156 and / or one or more sensors (not shown). The pads 160 and the personal computing device 158 may connect to each other wirelessly and / or via one or more cables e.g., communication cables, power cables, etc.

[0201] Reference is now made to Fig. 19 is a block diagram of the third and fourth aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, system 180 may include two pads 190 and a personal computing device 188. A pad 190 may optionally include one or more of a processor 191, wireless connector 192, electrode 194, power source port 196, sensor 198, display 200 and / or sticker (not shown) and / or a handle (not shown). Personal computing device 188 may optionally include a wireless connector 182, a power source 184 (e.g., a rechargeable battery), a power source port (not shown), a user interface 186 and / or one or more sensors (not shown). The pads 190 and the personal computing device 188 may connect to each other wirelessly and / or through cables. The pads 190 and / or the personal computing device 188 may connect to an external power source through the cables. Optionally, the power source for the pads and personal computing device may be the same power source. Optionally, the power source for the pads and personal computing device may be different power sources. Optionally, the power source may be connected to the pads and / or personal computing device via the power source ports. Optionally, personal computing device 188 may power pad 190.

[0202] Reference is now made to Fig. 20 is a flow diagram for a method of use of the first and second aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, in method 210, pads are positioned 212 on the body of the subject. The pads are connected 214 to a personal computing device, e.g., wirelessly and / or by cables. The personal computing device is activates 216 the pads provide an electric pulse. Optionally, the pulse may be powered by a power source within the pads (e.g., batteries). The personal computing device may optionally contact 218 one or more pre-set contacts (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.) and alert them to the cardiac event. Optionally, the pads may be activated repeatedly to provide multiple electric pulses to the subject.

[0203] Reference is now made to Fig. 21 is a flow diagram for a method of use of the third and fourth aspects of the portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, in method 220 pads are positioned 222 on the body of the subject. The pads are connected 224 to a personal computing device e.g., wirelessly or through cables. The pads and / or personal computing device are connected 226 to an external power source, e.g., power bank, power grid, vehicle electrical system, etc. The personal computing device is activated 228 by a user to provide an electric pulse powered by an external power source. The personal computing device may optionally contact 230 one or more pre-set contacts (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.) and alert them to the cardiac event. Optionally, the pads may be activated repeatedly to provide multiple electric pulses to the subject.

[0204] Reference is now made to Fig. 22, which is a block diagram of a portable defibrillator system with an extendable handle, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, in system 240, pad 242 may include one or more of the following a processor 243, a wireless connector 244, one or more electrodes 246, a power source or power source port 248, sensors 250, display 252, handle 254, lock and / or security button 256.

[0205] According to some embodiments, pads 242 may include a handle. Optionally, the handle 254 may include a grip. Optionally, handle 254 may be opened and / or extended away from the pad. Optionally, the handle may be telescoping. Optionally, the telescopic handle may be extended by pulling the handle upwards. Optionally the handle may be gripped to hold the pads in place on the subject during treatment. Optionally, the handle may enable the user to maintain a safe distance from the subject, ensuring there is no direct physical contact between the user and the subject during use, thereby preventing any risk to the user. Optionally, the handle may ensure the safety of the user by extending the handles away from the subject’s body. Additionally, or alternatively, with the extended handles, the user may exert easily pressure on the body during the transmission of the electric pulse e.g., 12 kg of pressure may be exerted when using a modified dry pad technique. According to some embodiments, pad 242 may include a security button 256 and / or lock which may prevent accidental extension of the handle 254 when not in use. Optionally, the security button 256 may be released when in use. Optionally, the security button 256 may ensure that a distance between the user and the subject's body e.g., to prevent electrocution of the user. Optionally, handle 254 may facilitate holding pad 242 against the skin of the subject. Optionally, handle 254 may facilitate contact between the electrodes 246 and the skin.

[0206] Reference is now made to Fig. 23, which is a flow diagram for a method of use of a portable defibrillator system with an extendable handle, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, in method 260, pads are positioned 262 on the body of the subject. The pads are connected 264 to a personal computing device, e.g., wirelessly and / or by cables. The handle is extended 266 and / or locked in position. The pads are gripped by the user to hold the pads in the correct position on in the body of the subject. The personal computing device is activated 268 by a user to provide an electric pulse powered by a power source either internal or external to the pads. The personal computing device may optionally contact 270 one or more pre-set contacts (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.) and alert them to the cardiac event. Optionally, the pads may be activated repeatedly to provide multiple electric pulses to the subject.

[0207] Reference is now made to Fig. 24, which is a block diagram of a portable defibrillator system with remote communication, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, system 280 includes a computer 272 for a portable defibrillator. The computer 272 may be linked by a communication channel 274, which may be wired and / or wireless, to one or more remote and / or local sensors 278. The sensor 278 may include an internal power source and / or may be linked to an external power source 276.

[0208] According to some embodiments, such a system may be used in a method as described in Figs. 15, 16, 18 and 20, or a combination thereof.

[0209] Reference is now made to Fig. 25, which is a block diagram of a portable defibrillator system with adjustable and / or adaptive electrodes, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, system 290 may include one or more adaptive pads 306. The adaptive pads 306 may include one or more of the following a processor 304, a wireless connector 292, one or more electrodes 294, a power source or power source port 296, sensors 298, display 300 and / or a sticker 302. According to some embodiments, the adaptive pads 306 may expand and / or contract their surface area e.g., according to command sent by a personal computing device, and / or by manually stretching and / or unfolding the pads. Optionally, an adaptive pad 306 may include multiple sensors 298 and / or electrodes 294. Optionally, the sensors 298 and / or electrodes 294 may be selectively activated. Optionally, the user, and / or an App on the personal computing device, and / or an Al, and / or a remote medical professional may decide which and / or how many electrodes to activate, e.g., according to the severity of the subject’s condition, and / or age, and / or weight, etc. For example, if attached to a large body, the user can activate more conductors to cover a larger area. For smaller bodies, fewer conductors may be activated, creating a smaller active electrical area. Advantageously, the adaptability of the system ensures that treatment may be more effective and / or safer for an individual.

[0210] According to some embodiments, the system may include multiple pads. Optionally, multiple smaller pads and / or electrodes and / or sensors may be linked to the system and / or to the personal computing device and / or to a central pad. Optionally, the adaptive pads may include electrodes and / or sensors which may be attached to and / or detached from the pad. Optionally, additional electrodes and / or sensors may be reversibly attached to the adaptive pads. Optionally, the adaptive pads may include electrodes and / or sensors which may be extended from the adaptive pad. Optionally, one or more components of the system and / or the pads may be replaceable and / or interchangeable.

[0211] Reference is now made to Fig. 26, which is a flow diagram for a method of use of a portable defibrillator system with adjustable and / or adaptive electrodes, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, in method 310, adaptive pads are adjusted 312 to fit the subject, e.g., according to the severity of the subject’s condition, and / or age, and / or weight, etc. The pads are positioned 314 on the body of the subject. The pads are connected 316 to a personal computing device, e.g., wirelessly and / or by cables. The user, and / or an App on the personal computing device, and / or an Al, and / or a remote medical professional may decide and / or select 318 which and / or how many electrodes to activate, e.g., according to the severity of the subj ect’ s condition, and / or age, and / or weight, etc. The personal computing device activates 320 the selected electrodes to provide the electric pulse powered by a power source either internal or external to the pads. The personal computing device may optionally contact 322 one or more pre-set contacts (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.) and alert them to the cardiac event. Optionally, the pads may be activated repeatedly to provide multiple electric pulses to the subject.

[0212] Reference is now made to Fig. 27, which is a flow diagram for a method of use of a portable defibrillator system, in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention. For example, in method 330, supplying a defibrillator pad with a local processor and a communication connection is supplied 332. The defibrillator pad is applied 334 to a subject in need thereof. Power is supplied 336 to the defibrillator pad. A communication channel is opened 338 between the processor on the pad and a general purpose computer. The general purpose computer instructs 340 the processor on the pad over the communication channel to apply a shock to the subject. The pad applies 342 the shock to the subject, as instructed by the general purpose computer. Optionally, the pads may be activated repeatedly to provide multiple electric pulses to the subject. The general-purpose computer may optionally contact 344 one or more pre-set contacts (e.g., emergency services, family members, family physician, treating medical professional, friends, etc.) and alert them to the cardiac event.

[0213] These embodiments are provided by way of example and are in no means intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0214] While the invention has been described in its preferred form or embodiment with some degree of particularity, it is understood that this description has been given only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction, fabrication, and use, including the combination and arrangement of parts, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0215] GENERAL

[0216] It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant building technologies, artificial intelligence methodologies, computer user interfaces, image capture devices will be developed and the scope of the terms for design elements, analysis routines, user devices is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.

[0217] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and / or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and / or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

[0218] Implementation of the method and / or system of embodiments of the invention can involve performing or completing selected tasks manually, automatically, or a combination thereof. Moreover, according to actual instrumentation and equipment of embodiments of the method and / or system of the invention, several selected tasks could be implemented by hardware, by software or by firmware or by a combination thereof using an operating system.

[0219] As used herein the term “about” refers to ± 10%

[0220] The term "subject" refers to person in need of medical treatment.

[0221] The term "user" refers to a person administering medical treatment to a subject with the aid of the portable defibrillator. The user may be a non-medical professional (police officer, fireman, concerned citizen, family member, etc.) and / or a medical professional (e.g., paramedic, first responder, nurse, doctor, etc.).

[0222] The term "hole" refers to an opening in or through a particular medium.

[0223] The term "wearable accessory” refers to technology that is worn directly or indirectly by people, such as clothing, watches, or glasses, that contain computer technology or can connect to a network or to other compatible devices.

[0224] The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", “having” and their conjugates mean "including but not limited to".

[0225] The term “consisting of’ means “including and limited to”.

[0226] The term "consisting essentially of' means that the composition, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and / or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and / or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.

[0227] As used herein, the singular form "a", "an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0228] As used herein, the term “plurality” may relate to two or more, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, etc. and / or any value therebetween.

[0229] Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0230] Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range. The phrases “ranging / ranges between” a first indicate number and a second indicate number and “ranging / ranges from” a first indicate number “to” a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals therebetween.

[0231] It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

[0232] Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

[0233] All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent that section headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarily limiting.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method of use of a portable defibrillator system comprising: supplying a defibrillator pad with a local processor and a communication connection; positioning the defibrillator pad on a subject undergoing a cardiac event; powering the defibrillator pad; opening a communication channel between the processor on the pad and a general-purpose computer; instructing the processor on the pad by the general-purpose computer over the communication channel to apply a shock to the subject; and applying the shock by the pad to the subject, as instructed by the general-purpose computer.

2. The method for use according to claim 1, wherein the powering is independent of the general -purpose computer.

3. The method for use according to claim 1, wherein the powering is independent of the communication channel.

4. The method for use according to claim 1, wherein the opening is of a wireless communication channel.

5. The method for use according to claim 1, further comprising sensing at least one parameter of the subject.

6. The method for use according to claim 1, wherein the instructing is via a defibrillator App installed on the general-purpose computer.

7. The method for use according to claim 6, wherein the App is configured for alerting at least one emergency contact.

8. The method for use according to claim 6, further comprising communicating sensor data to the general-purpose computer.

9. The method for use according to claim 8, wherein the App is configured for analyzing the sensor data.

10. The method for use according to claim 6, wherein the App is configured for guiding a user in treatment of the subject with the defibrillator system.

11. The method for use according to claim 1, wherein the positioning the pad includes wearing the pad.

12. A portable defibrillator system comprising: a general-purpose computer configured to control administration, intensity and duration of an electric pulse; a first power source powering said general purpose computer; and a first defibrillator pad, including: an electrode configured to provide the electric pulse to a subject in need thereof; a second power source independent of said first power source and configured to power said electric pulse; a communication channel configured to receive instructions from the general-purpose computer for providing the electric pulse; and a processor for receiving said instructions and applying said electric pulse according to said instructions.

13. The system according to claim 12, further comprising a second defibrillator pad wherein the processor is located on said second defibrillator pad.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the general-purpose computer is a remote device.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the general-purpose computer is a personal computing device selected from at least one of a smartphone, a laptop, a vehicle touch screen, and a tablet.

16. The system according to claim 12, wherein the general-purpose computer includes a dedicated defibrillator App downloaded to said general purpose computer.

17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the App includes access to an artificial intelligence algorithm (Al) or machine learning (ML) algorithm.

18. The system according to claim 16, wherein the general-purpose computer is configured to contact one or more pre-set contacts and alert them in response to at least one of activating said defibrillator, providing said electrical pulse, and opening said App.

19. The system according to claim 12, wherein the second power source is internal to the first pad.

20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the second power source includes a rechargeable battery.

21. The system according to claim 12, wherein the second power source is external to the first pad.

22. The system according to claim 21, wherein the second power source includes at least one of a power bank, a vehicle, direct current (DC) power supply and an alternating (AC) power source with a transformer connected to an electrical grid.

23. The system according to claim 12, wherein the communication channel is a wireless connection.

24. The system according to claim 23, wherein the wireless connection is selected from at least one of cellular network, proximity system, Wi-Fi, satellite communication system, and Bluetooth.

25. The system according to claim 12, wherein the communication channel includes at least one cable configured to connect the first pad to the general -purpose computer.

26. The system according to claim 12, further comprising: least a sensor mounted to said first pad.

27. The system according to claim 26, wherein the sensor is configured for measuring or monitoring at least one physiological indication of the subject.

28. The system according to claim 26, wherein the sensor is configured for measuring at least a parameter of the first pad.

29. The system according to claim 12, further comprising: a sensor is remote from the first pad.

30. The system according to claim 29, wherein said sensor is integral to said general purpose computer.

31. The system according to claim 12, wherein the first pad includes an extendable handle, wherein the handle is configured to protect a user from electric shock while the handle is held by the user to assure contract between the first pad and a body of the subject.

32. The system according to claim 12, said first pad includes an adaptive surface configured to expand or contract an area of contact with the subject.

33. The system according to claim 32, wherein the adaptive surface includes a plurality of electrodes, and the general-purpose computer is configured to differentially activate a portion of said plurality of electrodes on the adaptive surface.

34. A method for use of a portable defibrillator with an extendable handle, the method comprising: positioning a defibrillator pad on a subject undergoing a cardiac event; extending said extendable handle; holding the pad by a user in position with the handle extended; and activating the pad by a general -purpose computer to provide an electric pulse to the subject.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the general -purpose computer is connected to the pad wirelessly.

36. The method according to claim 34, further comprising powering the electric pulse from the pad by a power source internal to the pad.

37. The method according to claim 34, further comprising alerting a pre-set contact to the cardiac event.

38. The method according to claim 34, further comprising transferring accurate real-time information to a response team enroute to the subject or waiting for the subject at a treatment facility.

39. The method according to claim 34, further comprising using an artificial intelligence algorithm (Al) for determining a status of the subject, providing treatment guidance, andcommunicating with a response team enroute to the subject or waiting for the subject at a treatment facility.

40. The method of claim 34, wherein the pad includes an adaptive surface, and the use of the portable defibrillator includes adapting a size of the adaptive surface according to at least one of a severity of a condition of the subject, an age of the subjects, and a weight of the subject.

41. A portable defibrillator system comprising: a general-purpose computer configured to control administration, intensity and duration of an electric pulse; and a first defibrillator pad, including: an electrode configured to provide the electric pulse to a subject in need thereof; and a communication channel configured for communication with the general-purpose computer.

42. The portable defibrillator system of claim 41, wherein said general purpose computer includes a personal computing device.

43. The portable defibrillator system of any one of claims 41 and 42, wherein said first defibrillator pad is attached to said general purpose computer, such that the portable defibrillator is carried by carrying said general purpose computer.

44. The portable defibrillator system of any one of claims 41 and 42 wherein said defibrillator is powered by said general purpose computer.

45. The system according to any one of claims 41 and 42, wherein the general -purpose computer includes a dedicated defibrillator App on said general-purpose computer.

46. The system according to claim 45, wherein the App includes access to an artificial intelligence algorithm (Al) or machine learning algorithm (ML).

47. The system according to of claim 45, wherein the general-purpose computer is configured to contact one or more pre-set contacts and to alert them in response to at least one of activating said defibrillator, providing said electrical pulse, and opening said App.

48. The system according to of any one of claims 41 and 42, further comprising:a second power source configured for powering said first pad and independent of said general -purpose computer.

49. The system according to of any one of claims 41 and 42, wherein the first pad includes an extendable handle configured to protect a user from electric shock while the handle is held by the user to assure contract between the first pad and a body of the subject.

50. The system according to any one of claims 41 and 42, said first pad includes an adaptive surface configured to expand or contract an area of contact with the subject.

51. The system according to claim 50, wherein the adaptive surface includes a plurality of electrodes and the general-purpose computer is configured to selectively activate a portion of said plurality of electrodes on the adaptive surface.

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