Devices and methods of communication
The terminal device in telecommunication networks addresses security handling in mobility procedures by determining the need for security key updates and performing identity verification or horizontal key derivation, ensuring secure handovers across different network units.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/141485
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-03
AI Technical Summary
The security handling for mobility procedures in telecommunication networks, particularly during conditional and subsequent handover processes, is unclear, especially when switching between cells managed by different network units, leading to uncertainties in updating security keys.
A terminal device determines the need for deriving or updating a security key during mobility procedures and performs operations such as transmitting identity information for verification or performing horizontal key derivation to ensure secure handovers, especially when switching between cells with different security-related identities.
This approach ensures secure and efficient handover processes by deriving or updating security keys as needed, enhancing security and reducing uncertainties in mobility procedures across different network units.
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Figure CN2023141485_03072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for security in a mobility procedure.BACKGROUND
[0002] A layer 1 (L1) / layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) is a procedure in which a network device receives a L1 measurement report from a terminal device, and changes the terminal device’s serving cell by a cell switch command signaled via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) . To further reduce mobility latency, it is proposed recently to support conditional LTM in which a cell switch is not triggered by the MAC CE but by a condition fulfilled at the terminal device side. Conditional handover (CHO) is defined as a handover that is executed by a terminal device when one or more handover execution conditions are met. To further reduce signaling overhead, subsequent CHO may be supported, which means that a subsequent CHO procedure is executed after a handover procedure based on a pre-configured subsequent CHO configuration of a set of candidate primary cells (PCells) without reconfiguration and re-initiation of CHO. However, security handling for at least some of the above mobility procedures is still unclear.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for security in a mobility procedure.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: determine that a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is to be derived or updated; and perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting, to a network device providing the target cell, a first message for requesting a verification of the terminal device, the first message comprising identity information of the terminal device; or performing a horizontal key derivation.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: determine that first information for derivation or update of a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is stored; and trigger an execution of the mobility procedure.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: determine that a candidate cell configured for a conditional mobility procedure has a security-related identity same as a security-related identity for a serving cell; and perform an evaluation for the conditional mobility procedure to the candidate cell.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device, that a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is to be derived or updated; and performing an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting, to a network device providing the target cell, a first message for requesting a verification of the terminal device, the first message comprising identity information of the terminal device; or performing a horizontal key derivation.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device, that first information for derivation or update of a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is stored; and triggering an execution of the mobility procedure.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device, that a candidate cell configured for a conditional mobility procedure has a security-related identity same as a security-related identity for a serving cell; and performing an evaluation for the conditional mobility procedure to the candidate cell.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fourth to sixth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0011] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a user plane (UP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a control plane (CP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for security handling according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication for security handling according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating still another example process of communication for security handling according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of still another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0025] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0026] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The “terminal device” can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0027] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0028] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0029] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0030] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, self-organizing networks (SON) / minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0031] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0032] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0033] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “at least in part based on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0034] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0035] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “a cell switch” may be interchangeably used with “reconfiguration with sync for secondary cell group (SCG) or master cell group (MCG) ” or “a cell change” . The term “primary secondary cell (PSCell) ” refers to a special cell (SpCell) of a SCG, the term “PCell” refers to a SpCell of a MCG, and the term “SpCell” refers to a primary cell of a SCG or MCG. The term “secondary cell (SCell) ” refers to a secondary cell. The term “lower-layer signaling” may be interchangeably used with “L1 / L2 signaling” . The term “RRC reconfiguration” may be interchangeably used with “RRC reconfiguration message” . The term “candidate cell” may be interchangeably used with “LTM candidate cell” or “candidate cell allowing LTM” . The term “target cell” may be interchangeably used with “target candidate cell” , “candidate target cell” , or “LTM target candidate cell” . The term “L1 measurement” may be interchangeably used with “physical layer measurement” .
[0036] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “amobility procedure” herein may refer to an LTM cell switch procedure, a conditional LTM cell switch procedure, a CHO procedure, a subsequent CHO procedure, or any other mobility procedures existing or to be developed in future. The term “aconditional mobility procedure” herein may refer to a conditional LTM cell switch procedure, a CHO procedure, a subsequent CHO procedure, or any other mobility procedures existing or to be developed in future that are triggered by a conditional evaluation.
[0037] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for security handling in a mobility procedure. In one aspect, upon determination that a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is to be derived or updated, a terminal device performs an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting, to a network device providing the target cell, a first message for requesting a verification of the terminal device, the first message comprising identity information of the terminal device; or performing a horizontal key derivation. In this way, a security key may be derived or updated for a mobility procedure.
[0038] In another aspect, upon determination that first information for derivation or update of a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is stored, a terminal device triggers an execution of the mobility procedure. In this way, security key update information provided in advance may be used in a mobility procedure.
[0039] In still another aspect, upon determination that a candidate cell configured for a conditional mobility procedure has a security-related identity same as a security-related identity for a serving cell, a terminal device performs an evaluation for the conditional mobility procedure to the candidate cell. In this way, only an intra-central unit (CU) conditional mobility procedure may be supported.
[0040] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0041] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0042] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100A in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100A may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120 and 130. The network device 120 may provide one or more cells (cells 122-1 and 123-1 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices. The network device 130 may also provide one or more cells (cells 131 and 132 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices.
[0043] As shown in FIG. 1A, the network device 120 may comprise a CU 121 and DUs 122 and 123. The CU 121 may communicate with the DUs 122 and 123. It is to be understood that the two DUs 122 and 123 are shown only for illustration, and more or less DUs may also be provided for implementation of embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0044] As shown in FIG. 1A, the DU 122 provides the cell 122-1 and the DU 123 provides the cell 123-1. It is to be understood that this is merely an example, and any of the DUs 122 and 123 may provide more cells. The terminal device 110 may communicate with any of these cells. In this example, the terminal device 110 is located in the cell 123-1 and served by the network device 120.
[0045] Although not shown, the network device 130 may comprise a CU and one or more DUs as described in connection with the network device 120. Alternatively, the network device 130 may not be implemented in a CU-DU architecture, and may be implemented in an integrated architecture as shown.
[0046] The CU 121 may communicate with the network device 130. In some embodiments where the network device 130 comprises a CU and one or more DUs, the CU 121 may communicate with the CU of the network device 130.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100A may further include a core network (CN) 135. The terminal device 110 may communicate with the CN 135 via the network device 120 and / or the network device 130. In this example, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the CU 121 via the DU 123 and the CU 121 may further communicate with the CN 135.
[0048] It is to be understood that the number of devices or cells or CUs or DUs in FIG. 1A is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100A may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or cells and / or CUs and / or DUs adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0049] The communications in the communication network 100A may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0050] Communication in a direction from the terminal device 110 towards the network device 120 is referred to as uplink (UL) communication, while communication in a reverse direction from the network device 120 towards the terminal device 110 is referred to as downlink (DL) communication. The terminal device 110 may move amongst the cells of the network devices 120 and 130 and possibly other network devices. In UL communication, the terminal device 110 may transmit UL data and control information to the network device 120 or 130 via a UL channel. In DL communication, the network device 120 or 130 may transmit DL data and control information to the terminal device 110 via a DL channel.
[0051] The communications in the communication network 100A can be performed in accordance with UP and CP protocol stacks. Generally speaking, for a communication device (such as a terminal device or a network device) , there are a plurality of entities for a plurality of network protocol layers in a protocol stack, which can be configured to implement corresponding processing on data or signaling transmitted from the communication device and received by the communication device. FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram 100B illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for UP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 1B, in the UP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a physical (PHY) layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and layer 3 (L3) layers, or upper layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a radio link control (RLC) layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for a service data application protocol (SDAP) layer (also referred to as a SDAP entity, which is established in 5G and higher-generation networks) .
[0053] FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram 100C illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for CP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 1C, in the CP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a PHY layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and L3 layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a RLC layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a PDCP layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for an RRC layer (also referred to as an RRC entity) . The RRC layer may be also referred to as an access stratum (AS) layer, and thus the RRC entity may be also referred to as an AS entity. As shown in FIG. 1C, the terminal device 110 may also comprise an entity for a non-access stratum (NAS) layer (also referred to as a NAS entity) . An NAS layer at the network side is not located in a network device and is located in CN.
[0055] In the context of the present disclosure, L1 refers to the PHY layer, L2 refers to the MAC or RLC or PDCP or SDAP layer, and L3 refers to the RRC layer. In the context of the present disclosure, L1 or L2 may also be collectively referred to as a lower-layer, and L3 may also be referred to as a higher-layer. Accordingly, L1 or L2 signaling may be also referred to as a lower-layer signaling, and L3 signaling may be also referred to as a higher-layer signaling.
[0056] Returning to FIG. 1A, a CU (e.g., the CU 121) may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of RRC, SDAP and PDCP entities, and a DU (e.g., the DU 122 or 123 may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of the RLC entity, the MAC entity and the PHY entity. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in the same device. In some embodiments, different DUs may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, different CUs are implemented in separate devices.
[0057] In the context of the present disclosure, a CU (also referred to as a gNB-CU herein) is a logic node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of a gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of an en-gNB that controls operation of one or more DUs (also referred to as gNB-DUs herein) . The gNB-CU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU. A DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0058] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1A, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be located within the coverage of the cell 123-1, and the terminal device 110 may communicate with the DU 123 of the network device 120 based on a network configuration. In this case, the cell 123-1 may be referred to as a serving cell of the terminal device 110. Other cells such as the cells 122-1, 122-2 and 123-2 may be referred to as candidate cells of the terminal device 110.
[0059] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may establish a dual connection (i.e., simultaneous connection) with the network device 120 and the network device 130. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may serve as a master node (MN) . In these embodiments, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the network device 120 via a set of serving cells. The set of serving cells form an MCG, and a primary cell in the MCG is called as PCell. In some scenarios, the PCell may be changed from the cell 123-1 to the cell 131. This is called as a handover (HO) . In some embodiments, the network device 120 may serve as a secondary node (SN) . In these embodiments, the set of serving cells provided by the network device 120 form an SCG, and a primary cell in the SCG is called as PSCell. In some scenarios, the PSCell may be changed from the cell 123-1 to the cell 131. This is called as a PSCell change.
[0060] In some scenarios, the network device 120 may receive a set of L1 measurement reports from the terminal device 110. Based on the set of L1 measurement reports, the network device 120 may change the terminal device 110’s serving cell by a cell switch command signaled via a MAC CE. The cell switch command may indicate an LTM candidate cell configuration that the network device 120 previously prepared and provided to the terminal device 110 through an RRC signaling. Then the terminal device 110 may switch to a target cell (e.g., the cells 122-1) according to the cell switch command. This procedure is called as an LTM cell switch procedure or a non-conditional LTM cell switch procedure or an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a command.
[0061] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may perform L1 measurements on a set of configured LTM candidate target cells. If a condition is fulfilled at the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may execute an LTM cell switch to a target cell. In this case, the LTM cell switch execution is not triggered by a MAC CE, but a condition evaluation at the terminal device 110. This procedure is called as a conditional LTM cell switch procedure or an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation.
[0062] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may starts evaluating one or more handover execution conditions upon reception of a CHO configuration. When the one or more handover execution conditions are met, the terminal device 110 may execute a handover to a target cell. Once the handover is executed, the terminal device 110 may stop evaluating the one or more handover execution conditions. This procedure is called as a CHO procedure.
[0063] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may receive a pre-configured subsequent CHO configuration of a set of candidate PCells. The terminal device 110 may continue to evaluate one or more handover execution conditions after a handover procedure based on pre-configured subsequent CHO configuration of a set of candidate PCells without reconfiguration and re-initiation of CHO. When the one or more handover execution conditions are met, the terminal device 110 may execute a handover to a target cell. This procedure is called as a subsequent CHO procedure.
[0064] In a conventional HO procedure, a configuration of security key update is indicated to a terminal device in a HO command. For intra-MN LTM, a security key is not updated since a PDCP anchor is not changed. For inter-CU conditional or non-conditional LTM where serving PCell / source PCell and LTM candidate target PCell belong to different CUs / gNBs, a security key should be updated for safety requirement. However, due to the supporting of subsequent LTM or subsequent CHO that is executed after an LTM or handover procedure without reconfiguration and re-initiation of LTM and CHO, it is impossible to configure security key update information in an RRC message. In this case, it is unclear how to perform security key update.
[0065] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for security handing so as to enhance security for an inter-CU mobility procedure. More details will be described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 4 below.
[0066] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF SECURITY KEY DERIVATION OR UPDATE
[0067] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of deriving or updating a security key for a mobility procedure. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 2 below.
[0068] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 of communication for security handling according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0069] As shown in FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may receive 210, from the network device 120, a security-related identity (ID) for a serving cell (i.e., source cell, e.g., the cell 123-1) . In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive a value of security-cell-set ID associated with the source cell from the network device 120 as the security-related ID. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may store the security-related ID for the serving cell in a variable (e.g., UE variable) of the terminal device 110.
[0070] With reference to FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may receive 220, from the network device 120, a configuration of a mobility procedure.
[0071] In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may be an LTM cell switch procedure. In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may be a CHO procedure.
[0072] In some embodiments, the configuration may comprise a set of security-related IDs associated with a set of candidate cells. For example, security-cell-set ID associated with each of the LTM candidate cell may be configured in the LTM candidate configuration associated with the LTM candidate cell. In another example, security-cell-set ID associated with each of CHO candidate cell may be configured in the conditional reconfiguration (may be also referred to as candidate configuration) associated with each of the CHO candidate cell.
[0073] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may determine 230 that a security key for the mobility procedure from the source cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) to a target cell (e.g., the cell 131) is to be derived or updated.
[0074] With reference to FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may determine 231 whether an execution of the mobility procedure is triggered.
[0075] In some embodiments, if a condition of the execution in a configuration of the mobility procedure associated with the target candidate cell is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered. For example, an LTM cell switch execution or CHO execution may be triggered due to an execution condition of one target LTM or CHO candidate cell or configuration is fulfilled.
[0076] In some embodiments, if an indication that the mobility procedure is triggered is received from lower layers of the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may determine that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered. For example, an LTM cell switch execution may be triggered due to reception of an indication by lower layers (e.g., MAC layer) that an LTM cell switch is triggered.
[0077] In some embodiments, if the mobility procedure is to be performed following a cell selection performed while a timer configured for an RRC re-establishment procedure is running, the terminal device 110 may determine that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered. For example, an LTM cell switch execution or CHO execution may be triggered upon performing an LTM cell switch or CHO following cell selection performed while a timer T311 was running. In some embodiments, if the selected cell is an LTM candidate cell or CHO candidate cell, the terminal device110 may attempt the LTM cell switch execution or CHO execution.
[0078] With reference to FIG. 2, upon determination that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered, the terminal device 110 may determine 232 whether the security-related ID for the serving cell is stored and whether the security-related ID for the serving cell is different from a security-related ID for the target cell. If the security-related ID for the serving cell is stored and is different from the security-related ID for the target cell, the terminal device 110 may determine that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated.
[0079] For example, during an LTM cell switch or CHO execution, the terminal device 110 may determine whether there is a security-cell-set ID for the serving cell, and whether a value of the security-cell-set ID associated with the source / serving cell and a value of a security-cell-set ID associated with an LTM or CHO target cell or configuration are same or different. If there is no security-cell-set ID associated with the source / serving cell, the terminal device 110 may determine that the security key for the LTM cell switch or CHO execution is to be derived. If there is the security-cell-set ID for the serving cell and the value of the security-cell-set ID associated with the source / serving cell and the value of the security-cell-set ID associated with the LTM or CHO target cell or configuration are different, the terminal device 110 may determine that the security key for the LTM cell switch or CHO execution is to be derived or updated.
[0080] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, upon determination that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation for deriving or updating the security key. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may replace a value of a security-cell-set ID associated with the serving cell with a value of a security-cell-set ID associated with the LTM / CHO target cell.
[0081] As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform 240 RRC re-establishment like procedures to derive or update the security key.
[0082] With reference to FIG. 2, upon determination that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated, the terminal device 110 may transmit 241, to the network device 130 providing the target cell, a message (for convenience, also referred to as a first message herein) for requesting a verification of the terminal device 110. The first message may comprise identity information of the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the first message may be transmitted in SRB0. In some embodiments, the first message may be transmitted in SRB1. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways for transmitting the first message may also be feasible.
[0083] In some embodiments, the identity information of the terminal device 110 may comprise a cell-radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI) of the terminal device 110 in the source cell (e.g., cell 123-1) . In some embodiments, the source cell may be source PCell. In some embodiments, the identity information of the terminal device 110 may comprise an identity (e.g., physical cell identity) of the source cell (e.g., cell 123-1) .
[0084] In some embodiments, the identity information of the terminal device 110 may comprise a short message authentication code for integrity (MAC-I) , e.g., 16 least significant bits of a MAC-I calculated. In some embodiments, an input used to calculate the MAC-I may include the identity (e.g., PCI) of the source cell, an identity of the target cell (e.g., cell 131) , or C-RNTI of the terminal device 110 in the source cell 123-1. In some embodiments, the MAC-I may be calculated using or with KRRCint key and integrity protection algorithm that was used in the source cell 123-1, where KRRCint key is a key for integrity protection of RRC signaling. In some embodiments, the MAC-I may be calculated with all input bits for count, bearer and direction set to binary ones.
[0085] In some embodiments, if the LTM cell switch is for PSCell switch, the first message may comprise an ID of a configuration for the mobility procedure associated with the target cell, for example, an LTM candidate ID (e.g., LTM-CandidateId) associated with the target LTM cell or candidate configuration.
[0086] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may deactivate AS security before transmission of the first message. In some embodiments, the first message may be an RRC reconfiguration complete message or any other suitable messages.
[0087] With reference to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, upon determination that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated, the terminal device 110 may suspend 242 a set of SRBs and a set of DRBs. In some embodiments, before sending the first message, the terminal device 110 may consider a reference configuration as a current configuration, and then apply an candidate configuration or conditional reconfiguration associated with an LTM or CHO target cell.
[0088] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, upon reception of the first message, the network device 130 may verify 243 the terminal device 110 based on the identity information of the terminal device 110 by interworking with the network device 120 providing the source cell (e.g., source gNB) .
[0089] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may access to the network device 120 providing the source cell (e.g., source gNB) , and the network device 120 may send a new security key, a value of next hop chaining count (NCC) , and a token (i.e., short MAC-I) to each of the LTM / CHO candidate gNBs. After receiving the first message from the terminal device 110, the network device 130 (e.g., LTM / CHO target gNB) may verify the terminal device 110 based on the token received from the network device 120 and the identity information of the terminal device 110 received from the terminal device 110. For example, if the token received from the network device 120 is the same as the short MAC-I received from the terminal device 110, the network device 130 may verify the terminal device 110 as a valid terminal device; otherwise, the network device 130 may verify the terminal device 110 as an invalid terminal device.
[0090] In some embodiments, the network device 130 (e.g., LTM / CHO target gNB) may transmit, to the network device 120 (e.g., source gNB) , a UE CONTEXT RETRIVE message comprising C-RNTI of the terminal device 110 in the source cell and the short MAC-I. The network device 120 may verify the terminal device 110 and then transmit new security key, a value of NCC to the network device 130. For example, if the short MAC-I received from the network device 130 is the same as a token calculated by itself, the network device 120 may verify the terminal device 110 as a valid terminal device; otherwise, the network device 120 may verify the terminal device 110 as an invalid terminal device.
[0091] With reference to FIG. 2, if the network device 120 or network device 130 is able to find and verify a valid UE context, the network device 130 may transmit 244, to the terminal device 110, a message (for convenience, also referred to as a second message herein) comprising information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) for derivation or update of the security key. It is to be understood that the second message may be any suitable messages.
[0092] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise a key set change indicator. The key set change indicator may indicate whether a KgNB key is derived from a KAMF key, or from a current KgNB key, or from NH. In the context of the present disclosure, KgNB key denotes a master key, KAMF key denotes a key for access management function (AMF) , and NH denotes a key derived by mobile equipment (ME) and AMF to provide forward security. In some embodiments, the first information may comprise a NCC value. It is to be understood that the first information may comprise any other suitable information or any combination of information.
[0093] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may transmit 245, to the network device 130, a message (for convenience, also referred to as a third message herein) indicating successful completion of the mobility procedure. In some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may stop a timer (e.g., timer T304) for a reconfiguration with sync procedure.
[0094] In some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may apply the configuration of the mobility procedure associated with the target cell. For example, the terminal device 110 may consider a reference configuration as a current configuration, and then apply an candidate configuration or conditional reconfiguration associated with an LTM or CHO target cell.
[0095] In some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may derive or update the security key based on the first information, e.g., based on current KgNB key or the NH, using the received NCC value, or update the security key based on KAMF key if the received key set change indicator indicating that the KgNB key is derived from a KAMF key. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may store the NCC value indicated in the second message. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may derive KRRCenc and KUPenc keys associated with a configured ciphering algorithm. In the context of the present disclosure, KRRCenc key denotes a key for ciphering of RRC signaling, and KUPenc key denotes a key for ciphering of user data. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may derive KRRCint and KUPint keys associated with a configured integrity protection algorithm. In the context of the present disclosure, KRRCint key denotes a key for integrity protection of RRC signaling, and KUPint key denotes a key for integrity protection of user data.
[0096] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform integrity protection check of the second message. In some embodiments, if an integrity protection check fails, the terminal device 110 may consider radio link failure to be detected for the MCG, store the radio link failure information, initiate connection re-establishment procedure or initiate MCG failure information procedure. In some embodiments, if an integrity protection check fails, the terminal device 110 may perform actions upon going to RRC_IDLE, with release cause 'RRC connection failure” .
[0097] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may configure lower layers to resume integrity protection for SRB (e.g., SRB1) using the configured algorithm and the KRRCint key immediately, i.e., integrity protection shall be applied to all subsequent messages received and sent by the UE, including the third message. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may configure lower layers to resume ciphering for SRB (e.g., SRB1) using the configured algorithm and, the KRRCenc key immediately, i.e., ciphering shall be applied to all subsequent messages received and sent by the UE, including the third message.
[0098] In some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may consider that the AS security is activated. In some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may resume the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs that are suspended.
[0099] In some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may re-establish a PDCP entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs. In other words, for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs, the terminal device 110 may trigger the PDCP entity to perform a re-establishment procedure.
[0100] In some embodiments, upon reception of the second message, the terminal device 110 may re-establish an RLC entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs. In other words, for each of the set of RBs / logical channels / RLC bearers, the terminal device 110 may re-establish the RLC entity.
[0101] With reference to FIG. 2, if the network cannot find or verify the valid UE context, the network device 130 may transmit 246 an RRC setup message to the terminal device 110. Then the terminal device 110 may perform an RRC setup procedure.
[0102] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, in some alternative embodiments, upon determination that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated, the terminal device 110 may perform 250 a horizontal key derivation to derive or update the security key.
[0103] With reference to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may derive or update 251 the security key by performing a horizontal key derivation. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may derive or update the KgNB key based on the current KgNB (i.e., the new / updated security key is derived from the currently active KgNB) . In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may derive or update the KgNB key based on the current KgNB key or the NH using the stored NCC value.
[0104] With reference to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, upon determination that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated, the terminal device 110 may re-establish 252 a PDCP entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs. In other words, for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs, the terminal device 110 may trigger the PDCP entity to perform a re-establishment procedure.
[0105] With reference to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, upon determination that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated, the terminal device 110 may re-establish 253 an RLC entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs. In other words, for each of the set of RBs / logical channels / RLC bearers, the terminal device 110 may re-establish the RLC entity.
[0106] In some embodiments, the network device 130 (e.g., LTM / CHO target gNB) may trigger the terminal device 110 to perform a vertical key derivation later after the terminal device 110 successfully accesses to the network device 130 by sending an RRC reconfiguration message comprising a NCC value.
[0107] So far, it is described that the security key for the mobility procedure may be derived or updated if the stored security-related ID for the serving cell and is different from the security-related ID for the target cell.
[0108] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, if the stored security-related ID for the serving cell is the same as the security-related ID for the target cell, the terminal device 110 may determine 260 whether a PDCP recovery is performed for each of a set of DRBs and a re-establishment of a RLC entity is performed for each of a set of RBs. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to trigger the PDCP entity to perform recovery for each of acknowledgement mode (AM) DRBs and re-establish the RLC entity for each of RBs or logical channels or RLC bearers, by comparing a value of no-reset-ID associated with a serving cell and a value of no-reset-ID associated with an LTM / CHO candidate cell.
[0109] With the process 200, a security key may be derived or updated for a mobility procedure based on RRC re-establishment like procedures or a horizontal key derivation.
[0110] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRIGGER OF MOBILITY PROCEDURE
[0111] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution for triggering an execution of a mobility procedure. The solution will be described below in connection with FIG. 3.
[0112] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 300 of communication for security handling according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 300 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0113] As shown in FIG. 3, the network device 120 may transmit 310, to the terminal device 110, information (i.e., the first information described above) for derivation or update of a security key for a mobility procedure (i.e., a following or upcoming mobility procedure) from a source cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) to a candidate cell (e.g., the cell 131) .
[0114] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: a key set change indicator, or a NCC value. Other details of the first information are the same as that described above in connection with FIG. 2, and are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0115] In some embodiments, the first information may be transmitted in an RRC message. In some embodiments, the first information may be transmitted in a MAC CE. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways may also be feasible.
[0116] With reference to FIG. 3, the network device 120 may transmit 320, to the network device 130 providing the candidate cell, the security key and the first information for the mobility procedure (i.e., a following or upcoming mobility procedure) .
[0117] With reference to FIG. 3, upon reception of the first information, the terminal device 110 may store 330 the first information in a variable for a configuration of the mobility procedure. For example, the first information may be stored in a UE variable for LTM configuration (e.g., VarLTM-Config) . In another example, the first information may be stored in a UE variable for CHO configuration (e.g., VarConditionalReconfig) .
[0118] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may determine 340 whether the first information for derivation or update of the security key for the mobility procedure from the source cell to the target cell is stored.
[0119] In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may be an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation (i.e., a conditional LTM cell switch procedure) . In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may be a CHO procedure, e.g., the first CHO procedure or a subsequent CHO procedure. It is to be understood that any other suitable mobility procedures may also be feasible.
[0120] With reference to FIG. 3, if the first information for derivation or update of the security key for the mobility procedure from the source cell to the target cell is stored, the terminal device 110 may trigger 350 an execution of the mobility procedure.
[0121] In some embodiments, during the execution of the mobility procedure (e.g., an LTM cell switch execution or a CHO execution) , the terminal device 110 may update the security key using the received or stored first information.
[0122] In some embodiments, during the execution of the mobility procedure, the terminal device 110 may re-establish a PDCP entity for each of a set of SRBs and a set of DRBs. In other words, for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs, the terminal device 110 may trigger the PDCP entity to perform a re-establishment procedure.
[0123] In some embodiments, during the execution of the mobility procedure, the terminal device 110 may re-establish an RLC entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs. In other words, for each of the set of RBs / logical channels / RLC bearers, the terminal device 110 may re-establish the RLC entity.
[0124] In some embodiments, during the execution of the mobility procedure, the terminal device 110 may remove the stored first information.
[0125] As such, the terminal device 110 may trigger or initiate (conditional) LTM / CHO cell switch execution for one LTM / CHO target cell only if the terminal device 110 has received security key update information (i.e., the first information) to be used for a following LTM cell switch procedure from the network device 120 (e.g., the serving / source gNB) .
[0126] For example, if the execution condition of one LTM / CHO target cell is fulfilled (e.g., L1 or L3 measurement results of the LTM / CHO target cell fulfills a condition, or an event associated with measurement results of the LTM / CHO target cell is fulfilled) , there is no security-cell-set ID associated with the serving cell, and if the terminal device 110 has stored security key update information (i.e., the first information) , the terminal device 110 may trigger LTM cell switch execution / CHO execution for the LTM / CHO target cell. In another example, if the execution condition of one LTM / CHO target cell is fulfilled, the value of security-cell-set ID associated with the source cell and the value of security-cell-set ID associated with the LTM / CHO target cell are different, and if the terminal device 110 has stored security key update information (i.e., the first information) , the terminal device 110 may trigger LTM cell switch execution / CHO execution for the LTM / CHO target cell. In other words, if the terminal device 110 does not have stored security key update information (i.e., the first information) , the terminal device 110 does not trigger the LTM / CHO cell switch execution.
[0127] With the process 300, security key update information provided in advance may be used in a mobility procedure.
[0128] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF EVALUATION OF CONDITIONAL MOBILITY PROCEDURE
[0129] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution for evaluating an execution condition of a conditional mobility procedure. The solution will be described below in connection with FIG. 4.
[0130] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 400 of communication for security handling according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 400 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0131] As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 120 may transmit 410, to the terminal device 110, a configuration of a conditional mobility procedure. In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may be an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation (i.e., a conditional LTM cell switch procedure) . In this case, the configuration may be an LTM configuration indicating a set of LTM candidate cells. In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may be a subsequent CHO procedure. In this case, the configuration may be a conditional reconfiguration indicating a set of CHO candidate cells. It is to be understood that any other suitable mobility procedures may also be feasible.
[0132] With reference to FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may determine 420 whether a candidate cell configured for the conditional mobility procedure has a security-related ID same as a security-related ID for a serving cell.
[0133] If the security-related ID of the candidate cell configured for the conditional mobility procedure is same as the security-related ID for the serving cell, the terminal device 110 may perform 430 an evaluation for the conditional mobility procedure to the candidate cell.
[0134] As such, the terminal device 110 may only perform conditional LTM cell switch evaluation for the conditional LTM candidate configuration, with which the LTM candidate cell associated has the same security-cell-set ID value as the security-cell-set ID value of the serving cell. Or the terminal device 110 may only perform conditional reconfiguration evaluation for the conditional configuration, with which the CHO candidate cell associated has the same security-cell-set ID value as the security-cell-set ID value of the serving cell.
[0135] In other words, the network device 120 may configure the terminal device 110 with conditional LTM candidate configurations which associated with LTM candidate cells in the same CU, different CUs or different gNBs. However, the terminal device 110 does not perform conditional LTM cell switch or conditional reconfiguration evaluation for the LTM or CHO candidate cell / configuration which has different security-cell-set ID value as the security-cell-set ID value of the serving cell.
[0136] In some embodiments, if a cell associated with an LTM / CHO candidate configuration (e.g., the cell which has a physical cell identity matching a value indicated in an information element (IE) ServingCellConfigCommon included in the reconfigurationWithSync within the candidate configuration or conditional reconfiguration has the same security-cell-set ID value as the security-cell-set ID value of the serving cell, the terminal device 110 may consider the cell as an applicable cell for conditional evaluation.
[0137] In this way, only an intra-CU conditional mobility procedure may be supported.
[0138] It is to be understood that operations of the processes 200 to 400 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0139] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0140] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 5 to 7.
[0141] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 500 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 500 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 500 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0142] At block 510, the terminal device 110 determines that a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is to be derived or updated.
[0143] In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may comprise an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a command from a network device (e.g., the network device 120) providing the source cell. In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may comprise an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation. In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may comprise a subsequent CHO procedure.
[0144] In some embodiments, if a condition of the execution in a configuration of the mobility procedure associated with the target cell is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered. In some embodiments, if an indication that the mobility procedure is triggered is received from lower layers of the terminal device, the terminal device 110 may determine that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered. In some embodiments, if the mobility procedure is to be performed following a cell selection performed while a timer configured for an RRC re-establishment procedure is running, the terminal device 110 may determine that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered.
[0145] In some embodiments, upon determination that an execution of the mobility procedure is triggered, the terminal device 110 may determine whether a security-related identity for a serving cell is stored and the security-related identity for the serving cell is different from a security-related identity for the target cell. If the security-related identity for the serving cell is stored and the security-related identity for the serving cell is different from the security-related identity for the target cell, the terminal device 110 may determine that the security key is to be derived or updated.
[0146] Upon determination that the security key for the mobility procedure is to be derived or updated, the method 500 proceeds to block 520. At block 520, the terminal device 110 performs an operation for deriving or updating the security key.
[0147] In some embodiments, the operation for deriving or updating the security key may comprise: transmitting, to a network device (e.g., the network device 130) providing the target cell, a first message for requesting a verification of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the first message may comprise identity information of the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the identity information of the terminal device 110 may comprise at least one of the following: a C-RNTI of the terminal device 110 in the source cell; a physical cell identity of the source cell; a short MAC-I; or an identity of a configuration for the mobility procedure associated with the target cell.
[0148] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may suspend a set of SRBs and a set of DRBs. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may deactivate AS security before transmission of the first message. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive an RRC setup message from the network device.
[0149] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device, a second message comprising first information for derivation or update of the security key. In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: a key set change indicator, or a NCC value.
[0150] In some embodiments, if the second message is received, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: stopping a timer for a reconfiguration with sync procedure; applying the configuration of the mobility procedure associated with the target cell; deriving or updating the security key based on the first information; considering that the AS security is activated; resuming the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs that are suspended; re-establishing a PDCP entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs; re-establishing an RLC entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs; or transmitting, to the network device, a third message indicating successful completion of the mobility procedure.
[0151] In some embodiments, the operation for deriving or updating the security key may comprise: performing a horizontal key derivation. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the horizontal key derivation by: deriving or updating the security key based on a stored NCC value.
[0152] In some embodiments, if a stored security-related identity for the serving cell is the same as the security-related identity for the target cell, the terminal device 110 may determine whether a PDCP recovery is performed for each of a set of DRBs and a re-establishment of a RLC entity is performed for each of a set of RBs.
[0153] With the method 500, a security key may be derived or updated for a mobility procedure.
[0154] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0155] At block 610, the terminal device 110 may determine that first information for derivation or update of a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is stored.
[0156] In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may comprise: an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation; or a subsequent CHO procedure.
[0157] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive the first information from a network device (e.g., the network device 120) providing the source cell, and store the first information in a variable for a configuration of the mobility procedure.
[0158] In some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of the following: a key set change indicator, or a NCC value.
[0159] At block 620, the terminal device 110 may trigger an execution of the mobility procedure.
[0160] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform, during the execution of the mobility procedure, an operation comprising at least one of the following: updating the security key using stored first information; re-establishing a PDCP entity for each of a set of SRBs and a set of DRBs; re-establishing an RLC entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs; or removing the stored first information.
[0161] With the method 600, security key update information provided in advance may be used in a mobility procedure.
[0162] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of still another example method 700 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 700 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0163] At block 710, the terminal device 110 may determine that a candidate cell configured for a conditional mobility procedure has a security-related identity same as a security-related identity for a serving cell.
[0164] In some embodiments, the mobility procedure may comprise: an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation; or a subsequent CHO procedure.
[0165] At block 720, the terminal device 110 may perform an evaluation for the conditional mobility procedure to the candidate cell.
[0166] With the method 700, only an intra-CU conditional mobility procedure may be supported.
[0167] It is to be understood that the operations of methods 500 to 700 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 4, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0168] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0169] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or the network device 130 as shown in FIG. 1A. Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or the network device 130.
[0170] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 810 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 or a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0171] The program 830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable the device 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1A to 7. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 810 of the device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 810 and memory 820 may form processing means 850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0172] The memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 820 is shown in the device 800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 800. The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0173] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine that a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is to be derived or updated; and perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting, to a network device providing the target cell, a first message for requesting a verification of the terminal device, the first message comprising identity information of the terminal device; or performing a horizontal key derivation.
[0174] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine that first information for derivation or update of a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is stored; and trigger an execution of the mobility procedure.
[0175] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine that a candidate cell configured for a conditional mobility procedure has a security-related identity same as a security-related identity for a serving cell; and perform an evaluation for the conditional mobility procedure to the candidate cell.
[0176] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0177] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0178] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1A to 7. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0179] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0180] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0181] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0182] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine that a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is to be derived or updated; andperform an operation comprising at least one of the following:transmitting, to a network device providing the target cell, a first message for requesting a verification of the terminal device, the first message comprising identity information of the terminal device; orperforming a horizontal key derivation.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the mobility procedure comprises:a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure triggered by a command from a network device providing the source cell;an LTM cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation; ora subsequent conditional handover (CHO) procedure.3.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine that the security key is to be derived or updated by:determining that an execution of the mobility procedure is triggered; andin accordance with a determination that a security-related identity for a serving cell is stored and the security-related identity for the serving cell is different from a security-related identity for the target cell, determine that the security key is to be derived or updated.4.The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered by at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that a condition of the execution in a configuration of the mobility procedure associated with the target cell is fulfilled, determining that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered;in accordance with a determination that an indication that the mobility procedure is triggered is received from lower layers of the terminal device, determining that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered; orin accordance with a determination that the mobility procedure is to be performed following a cell selection performed while a timer configured for a radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment procedure is running, determining that the execution of the mobility procedure is triggered.5.The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a stored security-related identity for the serving cell is the same as the security-related identity for the target cell, determine whether a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) recovery is performed for each of a set of data radio bearers (DRBs) and a re-establishment of a radio link control (RLC) entity is performed for each of a set of radio bearers (RBs) .6.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the identity information of the terminal device comprises at least one of the following:a cell-radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI) of the terminal device in the source cell;a physical cell identity of the source cell;a short message authentication code for integrity (MAC-I) ; oran identity of a configuration for the mobility procedure associated with the target cell.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to at least one of the following:suspend a set of signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and a set of data radio bearers (DRBs) ;deactivate access stratum (AS) security before transmission of the first message;receive, from the network device, a second message comprising first information for derivation or update of the security key; orreceive a radio resource control (RRC) setup message from the network device.8.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following:a key set change indicator, ora next hop chaining count value.9.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the second message is received, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:stopping a timer for a reconfiguration with sync procedure;applying the configuration of the mobility procedure associated with the target cell;deriving or updating the security key based on the first information;considering that the AS security is activated;resuming the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs that are suspended;re-establishing a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs;re-establishing a radio link control (RLC) entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs; ortransmitting, to the network device, a third message indicating successful completion of the mobility procedure.10.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to perform the horizontal key derivation by:deriving or updating the security key based on a stored next hop chaining count value.11.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine that first information for derivation or update of a security key for a mobility procedure from a source cell to a target cell is stored; andtrigger an execution of the mobility procedure.12.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the mobility procedure comprises:a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation; ora conditional handover (CHO) procedure.13.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive the first information from a network device providing the source cell; andstore the first information in a variable for a configuration of the mobility procedure.14.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following:a key set change indicator, ora next hop chaining count value.15.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:perform, during the execution of the mobility procedure, an operation comprising at least one of the following:updating the security key using stored first information;re-establishing a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity for each of a set of signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and a set of data radio bearers (DRBs) ;re-establishing a radio link control (RLC) entity for each of the set of SRBs and the set of DRBs; orremoving the stored first information.16.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine that a candidate cell configured for a conditional mobility procedure has a security-related identity same as a security-related identity for a serving cell; andperform an evaluation for the conditional mobility procedure to the candidate cell.17.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein the conditional mobility procedure comprises:a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure triggered by a condition evaluation; ora subsequent conditional handover (CHO) procedure.
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