Devices, methods, and medium for communication
The implementation of MCS configurations with OOK, ASK, or FSK modulation types and parameters addresses the lack of link adaptation in A-IoT devices, enhancing communication efficiency and capacity in NR systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/142808
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication technologies lack effective link adaptation mechanisms for ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power consumption A-IoT devices in NR systems, which are essential for ambient Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
Implementing a modulation coding scheme (MCS) configuration that includes modulation types such as OOK, ASK, or FSK, and modulation parameters like symbol duration, symbol rate, and number of amplitude or frequency components to optimize communication between A-IoT devices and communication devices.
Enhances communication efficiency and improves throughput and capacity in A-IoT systems by adapting link conditions based on MCS configurations, reducing power consumption and enhancing reliability.
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Figure CN2023142808_03072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES, METHODS, AND MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATIONFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices, methods, and a computer readable medium for communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] Recently, a study item on ambient internet of things (ambient-IoT or A-IoT) has been started in new radio (NR) release 18 (Rel-18 or R18) , and will be further discussed in release 19 (Rel-19 or R19) . A third generation partner project (3GPP) IoT technology is targeted to be studied, which relies on the A-IoT devices. The A-IoT devices may be ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications. However, some new features should be introduced to support the A-IoT devices in the NR system.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods, and a computer storage medium for communication.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the first device at least to: determine a modulation coding scheme (MCS) configuration indicating at least one of: at least one modulation type comprising the at least one modulation type comprises at least one of: on-off keying (OOK) , amplitude shift keying (ASK) , or frequency shift keying (FSK) , or one or more modulation parameters comprising at least one of: a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, or a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation; and perform a communication with a second device based on the MCS configuration, wherein one of the first device or the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to: receive, from a communication device, a first forward link (FL) transmission based on a first MCS configuration; transmit, to the communication device, a first backward link (BL) transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; receive, from the communication device, a second FL transmission comprising a second MCS configuration; and perform a communication with the communication device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication device. The communication device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to: transmit, to an A-IoT device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration; receive, from the A-IoT device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; determine a second MCS configuration based on the first BL transmission; transmit, to the A-IoT device, a second FL transmission comprising the second MCS configuration; and perform a communication with the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining an configuration indicating at least one of: at least one modulation type comprising the at least one modulation type comprises at least one of: OOK, ASK, or FSK, or one or more modulation parameters comprising at least one of: a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, or a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation; and performing a communication with a second device based on the MCS configuration, wherein one of the first device or the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, from a communication device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration; transmitting, to the communication device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; receiving, from the communication device, a second FL transmission comprising a second MCS configuration; and performing a communication with the communication device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: transmitting, to an A-IoT device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration; receiving, from the A-IoT device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; determining a second MCS configuration based on the first BL transmission; transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a second FL transmission comprising the second MCS configuration; and performing a communication with the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any of the fourth to the sixth aspects above.
[0011] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of communication of a tag;
[0014] FIGS. 2A-2E illustrate some example communication environment in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication environment in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 5A illustrates an example schematic of a signal with OOK-1 or ASK in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5B illustrates an example schematic of a signal with FSK in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates an example schematic of a signal with a duration of a transmission symbol in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates an example schematic of a communication between the communication device and the A-IoT device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate example schematics of an FL transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate example schematics of a BL transmission in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0027] FIG. 14 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0028] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0030] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0031] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0032] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0033] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0034] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0035] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0036] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also be incorporated one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0037] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a satellite, an unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0038] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device and the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0039] Communications discussed herein may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, New Radio (NR) Access, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , cdma2000, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the like. Furthermore, the communications may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.85G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , and the sixth (6G) communication protocols. The techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other wireless networks and radio technologies. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0040] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0041] The terminal device or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz –7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network device under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0042] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, or channel emulator.
[0043] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or 6G networks.
[0044] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0045] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0046] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0047] It is proposed to study a deployment of A-IoT devices in 3GPP system, such as in an NR system. To support A-IoT devices in the NR system, some new features should be introduced and studied, such as new waveform, new frame structure, new physical layer and higher layer procedure.
[0048] A-IoT devices have ultra-low power consumption. In terms of energy storage, the A-IoT devices may be pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely be dependent on the availability of an external source of energy; or the A-IoT devices may be devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.
[0049] The batteryless devices or devices with limited energy storage capability have already been widely used in many real-world applications, e.g., retail, positioning, highway toll charging, etc. For a batteryless device, such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, backscattering communication may be used. FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of communication 100 of a tag. A reader 110 may transmit a continuous wave to the tag 120, where the reader 110 may also be called as an interrogator and the continuous wave is a pure carrier wave signal without modulated information on it. The tag 120 may harvest the energy from the received continuous wave, and then modulate its information on the wave and transmit it to the reader 110. For a device with energy storage capability (e.g., a device with solar battery) , the continuous wave may not be needed since the device may have enough power to generate the carrier wave by an oscillator module.
[0050] Some representative use cases have been discussed, the use cases may relate to inventory, e.g. automated warehousing, medical instruments inventory management and positioning, non-public network for logistics; sensor, e.g. smart homes, base station machine room environmental supervision, forest fire monitoring; positioning, e.g., finding remote lost item, location service, ranging in a home; and / or command, e.g. online modification of medical instruments status, device activation and deactivation, elderly health care. For supporting these use cases, a specific management function of 5GC, e.g., an A-IoT function (AIF) may be defined.
[0051] FIGS. 2A-2E illustrate some example communication environments in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The possible deployment scenarios for an A-IoT device in an NR system may be divided into two categories: a monostatic architecture and a bistatic architecture.
[0052] In the present disclosure, a monostatic architecture may involve at least two entities, e.g., a network device and an A-IoT device, or a terminal device and an A-IoT device. A bistatic architecture may involve at least three entities, e.g., a network device, a terminal device and an A-IoT device, or two terminal devices and an A-IoT device.
[0053] In the present disclosure, a transmission link to the A-IoT device may be referred to as a forward link (FL) , in this case, the A-IoT device is a receiver of a transmission from a network device or a terminal device. A transmission link from the A-IoT device may be referred to as a backward link (BL) , in this case, the A-IoT device is a transmitter of a transmission to a network device or a terminal device.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 2A, which illustrates an example environment 210 of a monostatic architecture, a terminal device 211 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 212 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 212 may perform a transmission to the terminal device 211 through a BL, for example, the BL transmission may be a response of the FL transmission. As shown in FIG. 2B, which illustrates an example environment 220 of a monostatic architecture, a network device 221 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 222 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 222 may perform a transmission to the network device 221 through a BL, for example, the BL transmission may be a response of the FL transmission.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 2C, which illustrates an example environment 230 of a bistatic architecture, a terminal device 231 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 232 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 232 may perform a transmission to another terminal device 233 through a BL. As shown in FIG. 2D, which illustrates an example environment 240 of a bistatic architecture, a terminal device 241 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 242 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 242 may perform a transmission to a network device 243 through a BL. As shown in FIG. 2E, which illustrates an example environment 230 of a bistatic architecture, a network device 251 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 252 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 252 may perform a transmission to a terminal device 253 through a BL.
[0056] The example communication environment as shown in FIG. 2B may be regarded as topology 1 for the A-IoT device, in which the A-IoT device may directly and bidirectionally communicate with a base station (such as a gNB) . The communication between the base station and the A-IoT device includes A-IoT data and / or signalling. In some examples, topology 1 includes a possibility that the base station transmitting to the A-IoT device is different from a base station receiving from the A-IoT device.
[0057] The example communication environment as shown in FIG. 2A may be regarded as topology 2 for the A-IoT device if the terminal device 211 is regarded as an intermediate node between the A-IoT device 212 and a base station (not shown in FIG. 2A) . In some other examples, the intermediate node may be a relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node (such as the terminal device 211) transfers the information between a base station and the A-IoT device 212.
[0058] The A-IoT devices may be characterized according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating radio frequency (RF) signals for their transmission. For example, an A-IoT device may have one of the following energy storage capacities: storage capacity 1: No storage at all; storage capacity 2: Up to E1 Joules; and storage capacity 3: Up to E2 Joules. It is to be understood that there may be two capacities in case E1=E2. In this case, an A-IoT device with storage capacity 2 / 3 may be a device with a limited energy storage.
[0059] The following sets of A-IoT devices may be considered by relying on these storage capacities:
[0060] - Device type A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission.
[0061] - Device type B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
[0062] - Device type C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.
[0063] In some example embodiments, there may be a device which is introduced to charge the A-IoT device. The device may be used to transmit a carrier wave (CW) signal to the A-IoT device, in some examples, the device may be referred to as a CW source device. In some examples, a type of the CW source device may be a terminal device or a network device. For example, the CW source device may be a CW source terminal device, such as a CW source UE.
[0064] The CW signal may be called as a CW for brevity, and the CW signal may be transmitted to the A-IoT device. In some examples, the CW may be used for generating a backscattered signal by the A-IoT device. In some examples, the CW may be used for providing energy source to the A-IoT device. In some examples, the CW may be used for both the two purposes: i.e., generating a backscattered signal by the A-IoT device and providing energy source to the A-IoT device. As an example, the CW is a pure sine or cosine wave; as another example, the CW is a modulated signal, e.g., an Orthogonal Frequency Divided Multiple (OFDM) signal or a single carrier signal.
[0065] In the present disclosure, a transmission over the FL may be referred to as an FL transmission (or communication) , a forward transmission (or communication) , a forward link transmission (or communication) , or the like. In the present disclosure, a transmission over the BL may be referred to as a backscattering transmission (or communication) , a backscattered transmission (or communication) , a BL transmission (or communication) , a backward transmission (or communication) , a reflected transmission (or communication) , or the like. In the present disclosure, a transmission link from a CW source device to an A-IoT device may be called as a CW link, which may be used for CW signal transmission or CW transmission.
[0066] In the NR system, an open loop link adaptation (OLLA) or a close loop link adaption is used. For the OLLA, the gNB adjusts the MCS based on a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback, for example, an MCS index may represent a specific modulation order, a target code rate, and a spectral efficiency. The close loop link adaption may be based on channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback or based on channel reciprocity. For example, a CQI index is associated with an assumed modulation order, a code rate, and an efficiency, a UE derives a CQI index based on measurement on a channel state indicator (CSI) reference signal (RS) and reports the CQI index to a gNB, and the gNB determines the MCS based on the CQI index. For example, a UE transmits a sounding reference signal (SRS) based on gNB configuration, and the gNB derives the MCS based on a measurement of the SRS. However, there is no adaptation mechanism for A-IoT communication. Thus, an issue about a link adaptation for an A-IoT device needs to be studied.
[0067] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication. In the solution, a communication between an A-IoT device and a communication device may be performed based on an MCS configuration, where the MCS configuration indicating at least one of: at least one modulation type, or one or more modulation parameters. In this solution, the at least one modulation type may comprise at least one of: OOK, ASK, or FSK. In this solution, the one or more modulation parameters may comprise at least one of: a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, or a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation. As such, a modulation mechanism is defined for the A-IoT communication. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0068] In the present disclosure, an identifier (ID) of an A-IoT device may include one or more of: a device ID, a group ID, a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) , an ID configured by a network device, or an ID configured by manufacture. In the present disclosure, a coding manner may be used by the A-IoT device, such as Manchester code.
[0069] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication environment 300 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication environment 300 may also be called as a network environment, a network system, a communication system, a communication network, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. The communication environment 300 includes an A-IoT device 310, a terminal device 321, a network device 322, and a core network entity 323.
[0070] The core network entity 323 may be a function or a network entity in a core network (CN) 350, which may implement as a 5GC or a 6G core network. For example, the core network entity 323 may be implemented as an AIF mentioned above or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) of a 5GC.
[0071] The terminal device 321 may be implemented as an assisting node or an intermediate node between the A-IoT device 310 and the network device 322. It is to be understood that although the terminal device 321 is shown as a smart phone, in some other examples, the terminal device 321 may be implemented as an NR RAN node (such as a gNB, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node) , an AP, an STA, or the like.
[0072] In the environment 300, the A-IoT device 310 may receive a forward link transmission from any one of: the terminal device 321, the network device 322, or the core network entity 323. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 3, there may be an FL from the terminal device 321 to the A-IoT device 310, and / or an FL from the network device 322 to the A-IoT device 310.
[0073] Although not shown in FIG. 3, a backward link transmission may be performed by the A-IoT device 310 over a BL from the A-IoT device 310 to any one of: the terminal device 321, the network device 322, another terminal device, another network device, or the core network entity 323.
[0074] In some implementations, there may be a further device, which is not shown in FIG. 3, used for transmitting e.g. a CW signal to the A-IoT device 310. In some implementations, the terminal device 321 or the network device 322 may be used for transmitting a CW signal to the A-IoT device 310.
[0075] In some implementations, a device which can transmit a forward link transmission to the A-IoT device 310 over an FL may be referred to as a communication device, for example, the communication device may be the terminal device 321, the network device 322, or the core network entity 323 as shown in FIG. 3. For ease of description, a communication device 320 is used in the present disclosure to represent any of the terminal device 321, the network device 322, or the core network entity 323.
[0076] Communications in the environment, between a network device and a terminal device for example, between a network device / aterminal device and an A-IoT device for example, may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Divided Multiple Address (CDMA) , Frequency Divided Multiple Address (FDMA) , Time Divided Multiple Address (TDMA) , Frequency Divided Duplexer (FDD) , Time Divided Duplexer (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Divided Multiple Access (OFDMA) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0077] Embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to any suitable scenarios. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented at reduced capability NR devices. Alternatively, embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in one of the followings: NR multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) , NR sidelink enhancements, NR systems with frequency above 52.6GHz, an extending NR operation up to 71GHz, narrow band-Internet of Thing (NB-IOT) / enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) over non-terrestrial networks (NTN) , NTN, UE power saving enhancements, NR coverage enhancement, NB-IoT and LTE-MTC, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , NR Multicast and Broadcast Services, or enhancements on Multi-Radio Dual-Connectivity.
[0078] It is to be understood that the numbers of devices and their connection relationships and types shown in FIG. 3 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The environment may include any suitable numbers of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0079] Reference is further made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 400 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve an A-IoT device 310 and a communication device 320, for example, the A-IoT device 310 may be that shown in FIG. 3, and the communication device 320 may be the terminal device 321, the network device 322, or the core network entity 323 as shown in FIG. 3. It would be appreciated that the process 400 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0080] In the process 400, the communication device 320 determines an MCS configuration at 410. In some implementations, the MCS configuration may indicate at least one modulation type and / or one or more modulation parameters. In some implementations, the MCS configuration may be specific to the A-IoT device 310.
[0081] In some example embodiments, a modulation type may also be referred to as a modulation scheme, a modulation manner, or the like. In some example embodiments, the at least one modulation type indicated by the MCS configuration may include one or more of: OOK, ASK, FSK, or an OFDM quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . For example, the MCS configuration may indicate: an OOK modulation, an ASK modulation, an FSK modulation, or a combination thereof.
[0082] In some embodiments, different modulation types may be used for A-IoT devices with different channel quality conditions or with different device types. For example, an A-IoT device with “Device type C” may use ASK and / or FSK, and an A-IoT device with “Device type A” may use OOK. In some examples, the communication device 320 may determine the at least one modulation type based on a channel quality condition of a channel between the A-IoT device 310 and the communication device 320. In some examples, the communication device 320 may determine the at least one modulation type based on a device type of the A-IoT device 310.
[0083] In some example embodiments, the one or more modulation parameters may include one or more of: a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation, or a code rate.
[0084] In some embodiments, the at least one modulation type and the one or more modulation parameters may be indicated in a combined manner. For example, “M-ASK” (or MASK) may indicate that the at least one modulation type comprises “ASK” , and a number of amplitude levels of an ASK modulation is M, where M is an integer, e.g. M is one of {2, 4, 8, 16, …} . For example, “N-FSK” (or NFSK) may indicate that the at least one modulation type comprises “FSK” , and a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation is N, where N is an integer, e.g. N is one of {1, 2, …} .
[0085] In some examples, “2-ASK” or “1-FSK” may be equivalent to OOK. In some examples, two modulation types may be supported. For example, “2-ASK” may indicate that the at least one modulation type comprises both OOK and ASK, and a number of amplitude levels is 2. For example, “1-FSK” may indicate that the at least one modulation type comprises both OOK and FSK, and a number of frequency components is 1.
[0086] In some other examples, three modulation types may be supported. For example, the at least one modulation type comprises OOK, ASK, and FSK. For example, two integer values may be used for indicating the three modulation types. For example, two integers M and N may represent a number of amplitude levels and a number of frequency components respectively.
[0087] In some example embodiments, the one or more modulation parameters may include a code rate. For example, the code rate may be any of: 1, 1 / 2, 1 / 4, etc.
[0088] In some example embodiments, the one or more modulation parameters may include a symbol duration, which may be a time length of an OOK / ASK / FSK / QAK symbol.
[0089] An OOK / ASK / FSK symbol (or a modulated symbol) may be a (minimum) time unit which is modulated with OOK / ASK / FSK to convey at least one information bit. For example, an OOK symbol is modulated with a higher amplitude level and a lower (or zero) amplitude level to represent an information bit with values of “1” and “0” , respectively. For example, a 4-ASK (i.e., ASK with four amplitude levels) symbol is modulated with four different amplitude levels to represent two information bits with values of “00” , “01” , ” 10” , and ” 11” , respectively. For example, an FSK symbol is modulated with non-zero values in two different frequency ranges to represent an information bit with values of “0” and “1” , respectively; in addition, the FSK may be an N-FSK, i.e., it has more than two frequency components therefore can convey more than 1 information bit with one symbol.
[0090] In some implementations, the communication device 320 may determine the symbol duration based on a channel quality of a channel between the communication device 320 and the A-IoT device 310. Generally, the symbol duration of an OOK / ASK / FSK symbol has significant impact on the detection performance. Typically, the longer the symbol duration is, the better the detection performance can be, however the overhead will be increased with long symbol duration. Therefore, the symbol duration can be a parameter of the MCS configuration, and can be adjusted based on the channel quality of the A-IoT device 310.
[0091] In some examples, the symbol duration may be defined without considering OFDM compatibility. For example, the symbol duration may be represented as a time length, such as a specific time value, e.g. 10μs, 20μs, 100μs, etc.
[0092] In some examples, the symbol duration may be represented by a scaled value relative to a reference time duration. For example, the reference time duration may be a time duration of an OFDM symbol with a reference numerology, where the reference numerology is predefined or preconfigured. Accordingly, an OOK / ASK / FSK signal associated with the symbol duration may be generated based on an OFDM framework, and thus a better coexistence with existing NR may be achieved.
[0093] For example, the reference time duration may be a time duration of a reference time unit (also be referred to as a reference time length) , e.g., a time duration of a slot, a sub-slot, a frame, a sub-frame, or the like. For example, the scaled value may be any value, such as any of: 1 / 60, 1 / 45, 1 / 30, 1 / 15, 1 / 10, 1 / 8, 1 / 5, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1, 2, 5, etc.
[0094] In some examples, the symbol duration may be implicitly indicated by a symbol rate, which may be a reciprocal of the symbol duration. In some examples, the one or more modulation parameters may include a symbol rate. For example, the symbol duration may be represented as T, and the symbol rate may be represented as 1 / T.
[0095] In some examples, the symbol duration may be represented as a nominal value, and the actual symbol duration may be determined based on a value of a configured symbol duration (aconfigured value) , however it can be different from the configured value. For example, if a cyclic prefix (CP) of OFDM is considered in the symbol duration, the actual symbol duration can be different from the configured symbol duration.
[0096] In some example embodiments, the MCS configuration may include an MCS index, which is associated with the at least one modulation type and / or one or more modulation parameters.
[0097] In some implementations, an MCS table may be defined, where a column of the MCS table represents an MCS index. In some embodiments, the MCS configuration may be indicated by one row of the MCS table, for example, a row associated with the MCS index may indicate the MCS configuration. Tables 1-3 below show some examples of the MCS table.
[0098] Table 1
[0099] In Table 1, an MCS index i may indicate a symbol duration Lsym (i) and a code rate CR (i) , this table may be used for an A-IoT device which supports one modulation type, e.g., OOK.
[0100] Table 2 (M is a number of amplitude levels)
[0101] In Table 2, an MCS index i may indicate a modulation type (OOK or ASK, or indicate a value of M which is the number of amplitude levels) , a symbol duration Lsym (i) , and a code rate CR (i) , this table may be used for an A-IoT device which supports OOK and ASK.
[0102] Table 3 (N is a number of frequency components)
[0103] In Table 3, an MCS index i may indicate a modulation type (OOK or FSK, or indicate a value of N which is the number of frequency components) , a symbol duration Lsym (i) , and a code rate CR (i) , this table may be used for an A-IoT device which supports OOK and FSK.
[0104] In some examples, the symbol duration in any of Tables 1-3 may be replaced by the symbol rate (or bit rate, data rate) , which may equal to 1 / Lsym (i) .
[0105] In some examples, the symbol duration represents a length of a symbol, which means a transmission symbol. For example, the transmission symbol may be defined as multiple OOK / ASK / FSK symbols. For example, a transmission symbol may include multiple (e.g., two) consecutive OOK / ASK / FSK symbols with specific orders, durations, and / or values.
[0106] In some implementations, one or more CQI tables may also be defined. In some examples, the CQI tables may have a same structure as the MCS tables discussed above. In some examples, a CQI index is associated with a CQI configuration, and the CQI configuration may include at least one of the MCS configurations discussed above. In some examples, the CQI tables may be used by the A-IoT device 310 for CQI feedback. Details of the CQI tables will not be redundantly described herein.
[0107] In the process 400, the A-IoT device 310 determines the MCS configuration at 420. In some implementations, the MCS configuration may be predefined, e.g. in the 3GPP specification. In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 310 may determine the MCS configuration in a similar way as the communication device 320.
[0108] In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 4, the communication device 320 may transmit 415 the MCS configuration 416 to the A-IoT device 310. Alternatively, the A-IoT device 310 may receive 417 the MCS configuration 416, and accordingly determine the MCS configuration based on the received MCS configuration 416. For example, an FL transmission from the communication device 320 to the A-IoT device 310 may include the MCS configuration 416.
[0109] In the process 400, the A-IoT device 310 and the communication device 320 perform an FL / BL communication at 430 based on the MCS configuration. In some implementations, the A-IoT device 310 transmits a BL signal based on the MCS configuration to the communication device 320, and the communication device 320 receives the BL signal based on the MCS configuration. In some implementations, the communication device 320 transmits an FL signal based on the MCS configuration to the A-IoT device 310, and the A-IoT device 310 receives the FL signal based on the MCS configuration.
[0110] For the A-IoT device 310, it may determine an MCS configuration, and further receive an FL signal or transmit a BL signal based on the MCS configuration, as such, the link adaptation can be applied in an efficient way.
[0111] In some implementations, the FL signal and the BL signal may be generated based on the MCS configuration. In some implementations, the at least one modulation type indicated by the MCS configuration may be used for generating the FL / BL signal.
[0112] In some examples, for OOK, an OOK modulation sequence may include at least one OOK ON symbol and at least one OOK OFF symbol. For example, the OOK ON symbol and the OOK OFF symbol may represent symbols with higher and lower amplitude respectively. For example, an OFDM symbol with non-zero values on the subcarriers represents an OOK symbol “1” , and an OFDM symbol with zero values on the subcarriers represents an OOK symbol “0” .
[0113] For example, several options for OOK signal generation based on OFDM waveform may be used for generating each of the messages in the mobility related procedure, such as options OOK-1 and OOK-4. For example, a number of SCs used by each of the messages in the mobility related procedure including potential guard-bands may be represented as N, the value of K may represent a number of OFDMs for SSB (such as K=4) .
[0114] Option OOK-1: Single-bit in 1 OFDM symbol, SCs of each of the messages in the mobility related procedure are:
[0115] ● OOK=1 means all SCs are modulated;
[0116] ● OOK=0 means all SCs are zero power (from base-band point of view) .
[0117] Option OOK-4: Transform M-bit OOK in time domain
[0118] ● N SCs of OOK-1 are generated by a transformation (DFT / Least square)
[0119] - N’ samples are generated from M-bits;
[0120] - signal modification may or may NOT be used;
[0121] - truncation or other additional modification may or may NOT be used, if not used, N is the same as N’ ;
[0122] ● N’ can be the same as K.
[0123] It is to be noted that, in the present disclosure, if not specified otherwise, the term “OFDM symbol” indicates CP-OFDM symbol, or any variant of OFDM symbol, e.g., DFT- s-OFDM, GI-OFDM, zero CP OFDM, unique word OFDM, etc.
[0124] In some examples, for ASK, an OFDM symbol with values with a first level of amplitude on the subcarriers represents a first ASK symbol, and an OFDM symbol with values with a second level of amplitude on the subcarriers represents a second ASK symbol.
[0125] In some examples, an OOK ON symbol is equivalent to a non-zero symbol which is transmitted in a frequency component of FSK modulation, and an OOK OFF symbol is equivalent to a symbol with zero power in a frequency component of FSK modulation. For example, for FSK, an OFDM symbol with non-zero values on a first set of subcarriers represents an FSK symbol “1” (meanwhile zero values are mapped on a second set of subcarriers) , and an OFDM symbol with non-zero values on the second set of subcarriers represents an FSK symbol “0” (meanwhile zero values are mapped on the first set of subcarriers) .
[0126] FIG. 5A illustrates an example schematic 510 of a signal (such as FL / BL) with OOK-1 or ASK in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is assumed that a reference CSC is 15kHz and an SCS of the signal is 60kHz. Since OOK-1 or ASK is used, one OFDM symbol for the signal (OOK / ASK signal in FIG. 5A) may convey one bit (such as an OOK bit) .
[0127] FIG. 5B illustrates an example schematic 520 of a signal (such as FL / BL) with FSK in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is assumed that a reference CSC is 15kHz and an SCS of the message is 60kHz. Since FSK is used, one OFDM symbol for the signal (FSK signal in FIG. 5B) has convey a value on a first set of subcarriers (F1) and a value on a second set of subcarriers (F2) . For example, an OFDM symbol with a non-zero value on F1 and a zero value on F2 may represent an FSK symbol “1” .
[0128] FIG. 6 illustrates an example schematic of a signal 600 with a duration of a transmission symbol in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, a symbol duration may be a duration of a transmission symbol, which includes two consecutive OOK / ASK symbols.
[0129] According to some example embodiments with reference to FIGS. 4-6, an MCS configuration may be defined for a communication between the A-IoT device 310 and the communication device 320. The A-IoT device 310 may use at least one modulation type (such as OOK, ASK, and / or FSK) and one or more modulation parameters for communication. Therefore, a link adaption may be applied for the A-IoT communication in an efficient way, accordingly the throughput and capacity of the communication system may be improved.
[0130] FIG. 7 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 700 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 700 may involve an A-IoT device 310 and a communication device 320, for example, the A-IoT device 310 may be that shown in FIG. 3, and the communication device 320 may be the terminal device 321, the network device 322, or the core network entity 323 as shown in FIG. 3. It would be appreciated that the process 700 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0131] In the process 700, the communication device 320 transmits 710 a first FL transmission 712 to the A-IoT device 310. In some implementations, the first FL transmission 712 may be referred to as a common FL transmission with a first MCS configuration.
[0132] In some implementations, the first FL transmission 712 may be common for multiple A-IoT devices, for example, the first FL transmission 712 may not be dedicated to a specific A-IoT device (such as the A-IoT device 310) . In some examples, the first FL transmission 712 may be a broadcast transmission or a multi-cast transmission, for example, the first FL transmission 712 is intended to wake up (or activate or page) multiple A-IoT devices.
[0133] In some other implementations, the first FL transmission 712 may be dedicated to the A-IoT device 310, for example, the first FL transmission 712 may include an ID of the A-IoT device 310.
[0134] The first FL transmission 712 may include a preamble and a payload, optionally may further include a header. The preamble may include a sequence of OOK / ASK / FSK symbols, for example, the preamble may be used for synchronization, measurement, or cell / device discovery. The payload may include multiple information bits which are generated based on control or traffic data. In some examples, the payload of the first FL transmission 712 may be generated based on the first MCS configuration.
[0135] As an example, the first MCS configuration may be a predefined or preconfigured MCS configuration, e.g. known to the A-IoT device 310. In this case, the payload of the first FL transmission 712 may use a predefined or preconfigured MCS configuration for transmission, for example, the predefined or preconfigured MCS configuration may be one of:an MCS configuration with lowest spectrum efficiency, an MCS configuration with the lowest index in an MCS table, or an MCS configuration with the longest symbol duration, as such, the reliability and coverage can be improved.
[0136] As another example, the first MCS configuration may be a dynamic MCS configuration. In some examples, the communication device 320 may determine the first MCS configuration from an MCS table. In some other examples, the communication device 320 may determine the first MCS configuration based on the preamble of the first FL transmission 712. In some examples, the header of the first FL transmission 712 (or a header of the payload) may indicate the first MCS configuration. For example, the header may use a predefined or preconfigured MCS configuration. For example, the header may be in front of the payload (that is, the header is independent from the payload) or in the front of the payload (in this case, the header may be a payload header, that is, the payload includes the header) .
[0137] On the other side of communication, the A-IoT device 310 receives 714 the first FL transmission 712. In some implementations, the A-IoT device 310 may stay in a low power mode, and monitor the first FL transmission 712. In some implementations, the first FL transmission 712 may be used for triggering a round of an A-IoT related procedure.
[0138] In some implementations, the first FL transmission 712 may be used for charging the A-IoT device 310, for example, the first FL transmission 712 may include a CW signal for harvesting the A-IoT device 310.
[0139] In some implementations, upon receiving the first FL transmission 712, the A-IoT device 310 may switch to an active mode, that is, the A-IoT device 310 may wake up from the low power mode. In some implementations, upon receiving the first FL transmission 712, the A-IoT device 310 may start an A-IoT related procedure, that is, a beginning of the A-IoT related procedure (or a round of the A-IoT related procedure) may be determined.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT related procedure may include one or more of: an inventory procedure, a positioning procedure, a ranging procedure, a traffic transmission procedure (e.g., FL command transmission or BL data transmission procedure) , or the like. In some examples, a round of an A-IoT related procedure may involve a series of FL transmissions and BL transmissions. In some examples, the first FL transmission 712 may be a common control channel which conveys information of the A-IoT related procedure for the A-IoT device 310.
[0141] As an example, the first MCS configuration may be a predefined or preconfigured MCS configuration, accordingly, the A-IoT device 310 may use the predefined or preconfigured MCS configuration for a reception of the first FL transmission 712.
[0142] As another example, the first MCS configuration may be a dynamic MCS configuration, accordingly, the A-IoT device 310 may determine an MCS index based on the preamble (or sequence of the preamble) of the first FL transmission 712, and then the A-IoT device 310 may determine the first MCS configuration based on the MCS index.
[0143] As another example, the first MCS configuration may be a dynamic MCS configuration, accordingly, the A-IoT device 310 may determine the first MCS configuration based on the header of the first FL transmission 712.
[0144] In addition or alternatively, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit 720 a further BL transmission 722 to the communication device 320. In some implementations, the further BL transmission 722 may be a response to the first FL transmission 712. In some implementations, the further BL transmission 722 may use the first MCS configuration.
[0145] In some implementations, the first FL transmission 712 may indicate a common MCS configuration for the further BL transmission 722, and accordingly the further BL transmission 722 uses the common MCS configuration indicated by the first FL transmission 712.
[0146] Upon receiving 724 the further BL transmission 722, the communication device 320 may transmit 730 a further FL transmission 732 to the A-IoT device 310. In some implementations, the further FL transmission 732 may be dedicated to the A-IoT device 310, for example, the further FL transmission 732 may include an ID of the A-IoT device 310.
[0147] In some implementations, the further FL transmission 732 may use the first MCS configuration. In some implementations, the further FL transmission 732 may be regarded as a confirmation of the reception of the further BL transmission 722. In some implementations, the further FL transmission 732 may include resource configuration information for a first BL transmission.
[0148] In the process 700, the A-IoT device 310 transmits 740 a first BL transmission 742 to the communication device 320, where the first BL transmission 742 may include a measurement report. In some implementations, the first BL transmission 742 may include an ID of the A-IoT device 310.
[0149] In some implementations, the first BL transmission 742 may be a response to the first FL transmission 712. In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 310 may perform a measurement based on the first FL transmission 712 and generate a measurement report based on the measurement result.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 310 may perform a measurement, e.g., a CSI measurement or a CQI measurement, based on the preamble, the payload, the header, or a CW signal associated with the first FL transmission 712. For example, the header may be a payload header, which may be called as a control channel or a control field.
[0151] In some examples, the measurement report may be any of a received signal strength, a received signal power, a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) , a CQI, a recommended MCS index, or any combination thereof.
[0152] In some examples, the measurement report may be generated based on the payload of the first FL transmission 712, and the A-IoT device 310 may perform the measurement or determine that the measurement report is valid, if the payload is successfully detected (e.g. a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checking is successful) or if an ID of the A-IoT device 310 is included in the payload or in the header.
[0153] In some examples, the measurement report may be generated based on the CW signal associated with the first FL transmission 712, and the A-IoT device 310 may determine the CW signal within a specific window and further determine the measurement report based on the CW signal within the specific window. For example, the specific window may be a time window before the start of the first FL transmission 712 or after the end of the first FL transmission 712.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the first FL transmission 712 may include an indication indicating to the A-IoT device 310 to perform the measurement and / or to transmit the measurement report. In some examples, the header or the payload of the first FL transmission 712 may include the indication (ameasurement indication) , which may indicate to perform the measurement based on one or more of: the preamble, the header, the payload, or the CW signal, and to transmit the measurement report to the communication device 320.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission 742 may include a preamble, or may include a preamble and a payload. In some examples, the preamble of the first BL transmission 742 may include a sequence which is determined based on a preamble configuration. For example, the communication device 320 may transmit the preamble configuration to the A-IoT device 310, and the preamble of the first BL transmission 742 is generated based on the preamble configuration from the communication device 320. In some examples, the preamble of the first BL transmission 742 may be associated with an ID of the A-IoT device 310. In some other examples, the preamble of the first BL transmission 742 may be associated with an ID configured by the communication device 320, e.g., an ID included in the preamble configuration. In some examples, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the preamble of the first BL transmission 742 in a next BL transmission occasion after a reception of the preamble configuration.
[0156] In some other implementations, the operations 720 and 730 may be included, the A-IoT device 310 may generate the first BL transmission 742 upon a reception 734 of the further FL transmission 732. For example, the first BL transmission 742 may be a response to the further FL transmission 732. In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission 742 may include a measurement report which is generated based on the further FL transmission 732, that is, the further FL transmission 732 may have a similar structure as the first FL transmission 712, and the further FL transmission 732 may be used for measurement. In some example embodiments, if the further FL transmission 732 includes resource configuration information for the first BL transmission 742, then the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the first BL transmission 742 by using the resource configuration information indicated by the further FL transmission 732.
[0157] It is to be understood that the first BL transmission 742 may be failed received by the communication device 320. In some examples, the first BL transmission 742 may be content based, which means it may not be successfully detected by the communication device 320. In some examples, if there is no acknowledgment information is received after the A-IoT device 310 has sent the first BL transmission 742 e.g. within a period, the A-IoT device 310 may retransmit the measurement report in the next BL transmission. For ease of description, it is assumed that the first BL transmission 742 is received 744 by the communication device 320.
[0158] In the process 700, the communication device 320 transmits 750 a second FL transmission 752 to the A-IoT device 310, where the second FL transmission 752 indicates (or includes) a second MCS configuration.
[0159] In some implementations, the communication device 320 may determine the second MCS configuration based on the measurement report included in the first BL transmission 742.
[0160] In some implementations, the communication device 320 may determine the second MCS configuration based on channel reciprocity. In some example embodiments, the communication device 320 may perform a measurement based on the first BL transmission 742 and determine the second MCS configuration based on a measurement result. In some examples, this solution may be applied when TDD band is used, for example, applied for a configuration that the first BL transmission 742 and the second FL transmission 752 are transmitted in a same frequency band. For example, the first BL transmission 742 and the second FL transmission 752 may use a same or an overlapped frequency resource. For example, the first BL transmission 742 and the second FL transmission 752 may use a same frequency band of NR, even the band is a FDD downlink or uplink band.
[0161] In some implementations, the second FL transmission 752 may include a preamble and a payload (e.g. the payload may include a header) , or include a preamble, a header, and a payload. In some example embodiments, the second MCS configuration may be indicated by the preamble of the second FL transmission 752, or may be indicated by the header of the second FL transmission 752.
[0162] For example, the preamble of the second FL transmission 752 may include a sequence which is generated based on the second MCS configuration. For example, a format (such as a length of the preamble, a symbol duration of the preamble) of the preamble of the second FL transmission 752 may be determined based on the second MCS configuration.
[0163] On the other side of communication, the A-IoT device 310 receives 754 the second FL transmission 752. In addition, the A-IoT device 310 may determine the second MCS configuration indicated by the second FL transmission 752.
[0164] In some implementations, the second MCS configuration may be indicted by the preamble of the second FL transmission 752, in this case, the A-IoT device 310 may detect the sequence of the preamble of the second FL transmission 752 to determine the second MCS configuration.
[0165] In some implementations, the A-IoT device 310 may determine that the second FL transmission 752 uses the second MCS configuration. In some implementations, the A-IoT device 310 may determine that one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission 752 is to use the second MCS configuration. In some implementations, the A- IoT device 310 may determine that the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration is received, e.g. a new MCS configuration is received. In some implementations, the A-IoT device 310 may determine that the second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed. In some implementations, the A-IoT device 310 may determine that a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed if the A-IoT device 310 has received a completion indication from the communication device 320, or the A-IoT device 310 has finished the transmission or reception of all the traffic or control data, or the A-IoT device 310 has not received any transmission from the communication device 320 in a time duration.
[0166] In the process 700, the A-IoT device 310 and the communication device 320 perform an FL / BL communication at 760 based on the second MCS configuration. In some implementations, the A-IoT device 310 transmits a third BL transmission (aBL signal) based on the second MCS configuration to the communication device 320, and the communication device 320 receives the BL signal based on the second MCS configuration. In some implementations, the communication device 320 transmits a third FL transmission (an FL signal) based on the second MCS configuration to the A-IoT device 310, and the A-IoT device 310 receives the FL signal based on the second MCS configuration.
[0167] FIG. 8 illustrates an example schematic of a communication 800 between the communication device and the A-IoT device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. A round of A-IoT related procedure is shown in FIG. 8, which may include FL1, BL1, FL2, BL2, …, BLj, and FLi.
[0168] In some examples, FL1, BL1, FL2, BL2, and FL3 in FIG. 8 may be the first FL transmission 712, the further BL transmission 722, the further FL transmission 732, the first BL transmission 742, and the second FL transmission 752 respectively, as discussed in FIG. 7. In some other examples, FL1, BL1, and FL2 in FIG. 8 may be the first FL transmission 712, the first BL transmission, and the second FL transmission respectively, as discussed in FIG. 7, while the further BL transmission 722 and the further FL transmission 732 in FIG. 7 may be omitted.
[0169] In some embodiments, FL1 (i.e. the first FL transmission of an A-IoT related procedure) may indicate a common MCS configuration for BL1 (the first BL transmission of the A-IoT related procedure) . For example, the common MCS configuration may be the first MCS configuration discussed above. For example, there may be more than one A-IoT device (such as multiple A-IoT devices) which determines to respond to FL1. For example, the more than one A-IoT device may transmit BL1 based on the common MCS configuration indicated by FL1.
[0170] In some embodiments, FL2 may indicate a common MCS configuration or a dedicated MCS configuration. For example, the dedicated MCS configuration may be associated with an ID of the A-IoT device 310, and the dedicated MCS configuration is to be used by the A-IoT device 310. For example, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit BL2 by using the common MCS configuration or the dedicated MCS configuration indicated by FL2. As another example, the MCS configuration used for BL2 may be the same as that for BL1.
[0171] In some embodiments, FL3 may indicate a second MCS configuration discussed above. For example, the A-IoT device 310 may determine that BL3, which is a next BL transmission after the reception of FL3, will use the second MCS configuration. For example, the BL transmissions after the reception of FL3 will use the second MCS configuration until a third MCS configuration is received or until the round of the A-IoT related procedure is completed.
[0172] FIG. 9A illustrate an example schematic of an FL transmission 910 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The FL transmission 910 may be FL1 as shown in FIG. 8, which may include a preamble and a payload.
[0173] FIG. 9B illustrate an example schematic of an FL transmission 920 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The FL transmission 920 may be FL1 as shown in FIG. 8, which may include a preamble, a header, and a payload. For example, the header and the payload in FIG. 9B may be equivalent to the payload in FIG 9A. In some examples, the header may be included in the payload.
[0174] The preamble in FIGS. 9A-9B may be a sequence of OOK / ASK / FSK symbols, and the preamble may be used for synchronization, measurement, cell discovery, or device discovery. The payload in FIGS. 9A-9B may convey multiple information bits which are generated based on control data or traffic data.
[0175] FIG. 10A illustrate an example schematic of a BL transmission 1010 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The BL transmission 1010 may be BL1 or BL2 as shown in FIG. 8, which may include a preamble and a payload.
[0176] FIG. 10B illustrate an example schematic of a BL transmission 1020 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The BL transmission 1020 may be BL1 or BL2 as shown in FIG. 8, which may include a preamble.
[0177] The preamble in FIGS. 10A-10B may be a sequence which is generated based on a preamble configuration, for example, the preamble configuration may be predefined or be pre-configured by the communication device. In some examples, the sequence of the preamble may be associated with an ID of the A-IoT device.
[0178] According to some example embodiments with reference to FIGS. 7-10B, an A-IoT related procedure may be started based on a reception of a first FL transmission. In this solution, the A-IoT device does not need to perform CSI measurement until there is a real requirement of A-IoT related procedure, as such the power consumption may be reduced. The measurement and report of the channel state information is started from the beginning of a round of an A-IoT related procedure. On one hand, the A-IoT device does not need to perform measurements frequently, therefore the power consumption is saved. On the other hand, the measurement report can be sent to the communication device in an early stage of the round of the A-IoT related procedure, therefore the MCS configuration can be determined and adjusted timely.
[0179] In some implementations, the above example embodiments may be combined into some other embodiments. In some examples, the second MCS configuration may be the MCS configuration discussed with reference to FIG. 4, for example, the operations 750-754 as shown in FIG. 7 may correspond to operations 415-417 as shown in FIG. 4, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0180] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1100 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the first device which may perform the method 1100 can be the A-IoT device 310 or the communication device 320 discussed above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0181] At block 1110, the first device determines an configuration indicating at least one of: at least one modulation type comprising the at least one modulation type comprises at least one of: OOK, ASK, or FSK, or one or more modulation parameters comprising at least one of:a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, or a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation. At block 1120, the first device performs a communication with a second device based on the MCS configuration, wherein one of the first device or the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0182] For example, the first device is the A-IoT device 310, and the second device is the communication device 320. For another example, the first device is the communication device 320, and the second device is the A-IoT device 310.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the symbol duration is indicated by a scaled value relative to a reference time duration. In some example embodiments, the reference time duration is a time duration of an OFDM symbol with a reference numerology or a time duration of a reference time unit.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the at least one modulation type is associated with at least one of: a channel quality condition of a channel between the A-IoT device and the communication device, or a type of the A-IoT device.
[0185] In some example embodiments, the MCS configuration is indicated by a row in an MCS table.
[0186] In some example embodiments, the first device is the A-IoT device, and the first device further receives, from the second device (i.e. the communication device) , a message comprising the MCS configuration.
[0187] In some example embodiments, the second device is the A-IoT device, and the first device further transmits, to the second device (i.e. the A-IoT device) , a message comprising the MCS configuration.
[0188] In some example embodiments, the MCS configuration comprises an MCS index, and the MCS index is associated with at least one of: the at least one modulation type, or the one or more modulation parameters.
[0189] In some example embodiments, the communication comprises at least one of: an FL transmission to the A-IoT device, or a BL transmission from the A-IoT device.
[0190] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1200 implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the A-IoT device which may perform the method 1200 can be the A-IoT device 310 mentioned above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0191] At block 1210, the A-IoT device receives, from a communication device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration. At block 1220, the A-IoT device transmits, to the communication device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission. At block 1230, the A-IoT device receives, from the communication device, a second FL transmission comprising a second MCS configuration. At block 1240, the A-IoT device performs a communication with the communication device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device determines a CW signal which is associated with the first FL transmission and within a specific window; and the A-IoT device generates the measurement report by performing a measurement based on the CW signal.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the first FL transmission comprises a first preamble and a first payload, and the A-IoT device further generates the measurement report by performing a measurement based on at least one of: the first preamble, the first payload, or a first header of the first payload.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the first preamble comprises at least one of: a sequence of OOK symbols, a sequence of ASK symbols, or a sequence of FSK symbols.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the first payload is determined based on the first MCS configuration, and the first MCS configuration is one of: a predefined MCS configuration, an MCS configuration indicated by the first header of the first payload, or an MCS configuration associated with the first preamble.
[0196] In some example embodiments, if the measurement report is generated based on the first payload, the A-IoT device determines that the measurement report is valid based on at least one of: the first payload is successfully detected, or an identifier of the A-IoT device is comprised in the first payload or the first header of the first payload.
[0197] In some example embodiments, the first payload or the first header of the first payload comprises a measurement indication indicating to the A-IoT device to perform at least one of: performing the measurement, or transmitting the measurement report.
[0198] In some example embodiments, based on determining that the first FL transmission is received, the A-IoT device performs at least one of: switching from a low power mode to an active mode; starting an A-IoT related procedure.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission is a response to the first FL transmission.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission comprises an identifier of the A-IoT device and the first BL transmission is contention based.
[0201] In some example embodiments, if a feedback of the first BL transmission is not received within a period, the A-IoT device retransmits the first BL transmission.
[0202] In some example embodiments, prior to transmitting the first BL transmission, the A-IoT device transmits a further BL transmission comprising a response to the first FL transmission; and the A-IoT device receives a further FL transmission comprising an identifier of the A-IoT device based on the first MCS configuration, where the first BL transmission is a further response to the further FL transmission.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission is based on the first MCS configuration, and the further FL transmission further comprises resource configuration information for the first BL transmission.
[0204] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission indicates a common MCS configuration or a dedicated MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission is based on the common MCS configuration or the dedicated MCS configuration.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the dedicated MCS configuration is associated with an identifier of the A-IoT device.
[0206] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device determines at least one of: one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission is to use the second MCS configuration, the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration is received, or the second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed.
[0207] In some example embodiments, the second MCS configuration is indicated by a second preamble of the second FL transmission or is comprised in a second header of a second payload of the second FL transmission.
[0208] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission is used for determining the second MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission comprises a third preamble which is generated based on a preamble configuration received from the communication device.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the third preamble comprises at least one of: an identifier of the A-IoT device, or a further identifier indicated by the preamble configuration.
[0210] In some example embodiments, the communication comprises at least one of: a third FL transmission to the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration, or a second BL transmission from the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0211] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1300 implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the communication device which may perform the method 1300 can be the communication device 320 mentioned above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0212] At block 1310, the communication device transmits, to an A-IoT device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration. At block 1320, the communication device receives, from the A-IoT device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission. At block 1330, the communication device determines a second MCS configuration based on the first BL transmission. At block 1340, the communication device transmits, to the A-IoT device, a second FL transmission comprising the second MCS configuration. At block 1350, the communication device performs a communication with the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0213] In some example embodiments, the measurement report is generated based on a measurement of a CW signal which is associated with the first FL transmission and within a specific window.
[0214] In some example embodiments, the first FL transmission comprises a first preamble and a first payload, and the measurement report is generated based on a measurement of at least one of: the first preamble, the first payload, or a first header of the first payload.
[0215] In some example embodiments, the first preamble comprises at least one of: a sequence of OOK symbols, a sequence of ASK symbols, or a sequence of FSK symbols.
[0216] In some example embodiments, the first payload is determined based on the first MCS configuration, and the first MCS configuration is one of: a predefined MCS configuration, an MCS configuration indicated by the first header of the first payload, or an MCS configuration associated with the first preamble.
[0217] In some example embodiments, the first payload or the first header of the first payload comprises a measurement indication indicating to the A-IoT device to perform at least one of: performing the measurement, or transmitting the measurement report.
[0218] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission is a response to the first FL transmission.
[0219] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission comprises an identifier of the A-IoT device and the first BL transmission is contention based.
[0220] In some example embodiments, prior to receiving the first BL transmission, the communication device receives, from the A-IoT device, a further BL transmission comprising a response to the first FL transmission; and transmits, to the A-IoT device, a further FL transmission comprising an identifier of the A-IoT device based on the first MCS configuration, where the first BL transmission is a further response to the further FL transmission.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission is based on the first MCS configuration, and the further FL transmission further comprises resource configuration information for the first BL transmission.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission indicates a common MCS configuration or a dedicated MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission is based on the common MCS configuration or the dedicated MCS configuration. In some example embodiments, the dedicated MCS configuration is associated with an identifier of the A-IoT device.
[0223] In some example embodiments, the communication device determines at least one of: one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission is to use the second MCS configuration, the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration different the second MCS configuration is received, or the second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed.
[0224] In some example embodiments, the second MCS configuration is indicated by a second preamble of the second FL transmission or is comprised in a second header of a second payload of the second FL transmission.
[0225] In some example embodiments, the communication device determines the second MCS configuration by performing a measurement based on the first BL transmission.
[0226] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission comprises a third preamble which is generated based on a preamble configuration received from the communication device.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the third preamble comprises at least one of: an identifier of the A-IoT device, or a further identifier indicated by the preamble configuration.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the communication comprises at least one of: a third FL transmission to the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration, or a second BL transmission from the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0229] Details of some embodiments according to the present disclosure have been described with reference to FIGS. 3-13. Now an example implementation of the A-IoT device and the communication device will be discussed below.
[0230] In some example embodiments, a first device (an A-IoT device or a communication device) comprises circuitry configured to: determine an MCS configuration indicating at least one of: at least one modulation type comprising the at least one modulation type comprises at least one of: OOK, ASK, or FSK, or one or more modulation parameters comprising at least one of: a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, or a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation; and perform a communication with a second device based on the MCS configuration, wherein one of the first device or the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0231] In some example embodiments, the symbol duration is indicated by a scaled value relative to a reference time duration.
[0232] In some example embodiments, the reference time duration is a time duration of an OFDM symbol with a reference numerology or a time duration of a reference time unit.
[0233] In some example embodiments, the at least one modulation type is associated with at least one of: a channel quality condition of a channel between the A-IoT device and the communication device, or a type of the A-IoT device.
[0234] In some example embodiments, the MCS configuration is indicated by a row in an MCS table.
[0235] In some example embodiments, the first device is the A-IoT device, and the first device comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from the second device, a message comprising the MCS configuration.
[0236] In some example embodiments, the second device is the A-IoT device, and the first device comprises circuitry configured to: transmit, to the second device, a message comprising the MCS configuration.
[0237] In some example embodiments, the MCS configuration comprises an MCS index, and the MCS index is associated with at least one of: the at least one modulation type, or the one or more modulation parameters.
[0238] In some example embodiments, the communication comprises at least one of: an FL transmission to the A-IoT device, or a BL transmission from the A-IoT device.
[0239] In some example embodiments, an A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from a communication device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration; transmit, to the communication device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; receive, from the communication device, a second FL transmission comprising a second MCS configuration; and perform a communication with the communication device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0240] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: determine a CW signal which is associated with the first FL transmission and within a specific window; and generate the measurement report by performing a measurement based on the CW signal.
[0241] In some example embodiments, the first FL transmission comprises a first preamble and a first payload, and the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: generate the measurement report by performing a measurement based on at least one of: the first preamble, the first payload, or a first header of the first payload.
[0242] In some example embodiments, the first preamble comprises at least one of: a sequence of OOK symbols, a sequence of ASK symbols, or a sequence of FSK symbols.
[0243] In some example embodiments, the first payload is determined based on the first MCS configuration, and the first MCS configuration is one of: a predefined MCS configuration, an MCS configuration indicated by the first header of the first payload, or an MCS configuration associated with the first preamble.
[0244] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: in accordance with a determination that the measurement report is generated based on the first payload, determine that the measurement report is valid based on at least one of: the first payload is successfully detected, or an identifier of the A-IoT device is comprised in the first payload or the first header of the first payload.
[0245] In some example embodiments, the first payload or the first header of the first payload comprises a measurement indication indicating to the A-IoT device to perform at least one of: performing the measurement, or transmitting the measurement report.
[0246] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: based on determining that the first FL transmission is received, perform at least one of: switching from a low power mode to an active mode; or starting an A-IoT related procedure.
[0247] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission is a response to the first FL transmission.
[0248] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission comprises an identifier of the A-IoT device and the first BL transmission is contention based.
[0249] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: in accordance with a determination that a feedback of the first BL transmission is not received within a period, retransmit the first BL transmission.
[0250] In some example embodiments, prior to transmitting the first BL transmission, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: transmit a further BL transmission comprising a response to the first FL transmission; and receive a further FL transmission comprising an identifier of the A-IoT device based on the first MCS configuration, where the first BL transmission is a further response to the further FL transmission.
[0251] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission is based on the first MCS configuration, and the further FL transmission further comprises resource configuration information for the first BL transmission.
[0252] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission indicates a common MCS configuration or a dedicated MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission is based on the common MCS configuration or the dedicated MCS configuration.
[0253] In some example embodiments, the dedicated MCS configuration is associated with an identifier of the A-IoT device.
[0254] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to determine at least one of: one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission is to use the second MCS configuration, the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration is received, or the second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed.
[0255] In some example embodiments, the second MCS configuration is indicated by a second preamble of the second FL transmission or is comprised in a second header of a second payload of the second FL transmission.
[0256] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission is used for determining the second MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission comprises a third preamble which is generated based on a preamble configuration received from the communication device.
[0257] In some example embodiments, the third preamble comprises at least one of: an identifier of the A-IoT device, or a further identifier indicated by the preamble configuration.
[0258] In some example embodiments, the communication comprises at least one of: a third FL transmission to the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration, or a second BL transmission from the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0259] In some example embodiments, a communication device comprises circuitry configured to: transmit, to an A-IoT device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration; receive, from the A-IoT device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; determine a second MCS configuration based on the first BL transmission; transmit, to the A-IoT device, a second FL transmission comprising the second MCS configuration; and perform a communication with the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0260] In some example embodiments, the measurement report is generated based on a measurement of a CW signal which is associated with the first FL transmission and within a specific window.
[0261] In some example embodiments, the first FL transmission comprises a first preamble and a first payload, and the measurement report is generated based on a measurement of at least one of: the first preamble, the first payload, or a first header of the first payload.
[0262] In some example embodiments, the first preamble comprises at least one of: a sequence of OOK symbols, a sequence of ASK symbols, or a sequence of FSK symbols.
[0263] In some example embodiments, the first payload is determined based on the first MCS configuration, and the first MCS configuration is one of: a predefined MCS configuration, an MCS configuration indicated by the first header of the first payload, or an MCS configuration associated with the first preamble.
[0264] In some example embodiments, the first payload or the first header of the first payload comprises a measurement indication indicating to the A-IoT device to perform at least one of: performing the measurement, or transmitting the measurement report.
[0265] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission is a response to the first FL transmission.
[0266] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission comprises an identifier of the A-IoT device and the first BL transmission is contention based.
[0267] In some example embodiments, prior to receiving the first BL transmission, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from the A-IoT device, a further BL transmission comprising a response to the first FL transmission; and transmit, to the A-IoT device, a further FL transmission comprising an identifier of the A-IoT device based on the first MCS configuration, where the first BL transmission is a further response to the further FL transmission.
[0268] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission is based on the first MCS configuration, and the further FL transmission further comprises resource configuration information for the first BL transmission.
[0269] In some example embodiments, the further FL transmission indicates a common MCS configuration or a dedicated MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission is based on the common MCS configuration or the dedicated MCS configuration.
[0270] In some example embodiments, the dedicated MCS configuration is associated with an identifier of the A-IoT device.
[0271] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to determine at least one of: one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission is to use the second MCS configuration, the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration different the second MCS configuration is received, or the second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed.
[0272] In some example embodiments, the second MCS configuration is indicated by a second preamble of the second FL transmission or is comprised in a second header of a second payload of the second FL transmission.
[0273] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to determine the second MCS configuration by: determining the second MCS configuration by performing a measurement based on the first BL transmission.
[0274] In some example embodiments, the first BL transmission comprises a third preamble which is generated based on a preamble configuration received from the communication device.
[0275] In some example embodiments, the third preamble comprises at least one of: an identifier of the A-IoT device, or a further identifier indicated by the preamble configuration.
[0276] In some example embodiments, the communication comprises at least one of: a third FL transmission to the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration, or a second BL transmission from the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0277] FIG. 14 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device 1400 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1400 can be considered as a further example implementation of the A-IoT device and the communication device as described above. Accordingly, the device 1400 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the A-IoT device or the communication device.
[0278] As shown, the device 1400 includes a processor 1410, a memory 1420 coupled to the processor 1410, a suitable transceiver 1440 coupled to the processor 1410, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1440. The memory 1420 stores at least a part of a program 1430. The transceiver 1440 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1440 may include at least one of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and the receiver may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver1440 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0279] The program 1430 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1410, enable the device 1400 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 3-13. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1410 of the device 1400, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1410 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1410 and memory 1420 may form processing means 1450 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0280] The memory 1420 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1420 is shown in the device 1400, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1400. The processor 1410 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1400 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0281] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the following solutions.
[0282] The present disclosure provides a first device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the first device at least to: determine an MCS configuration indicating at least one of: at least one modulation type comprising the at least one modulation type comprises at least one of: OOK, ASK, or FSK, or one or more modulation parameters comprising at least one of: a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, or a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation; and perform a communication with a second device based on the MCS configuration, wherein one of the first device or the second device is an A-IoT device.
[0283] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the symbol duration is indicated by a scaled value relative to a reference time duration.
[0284] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the reference time duration is a time duration of an OFDM symbol with a reference numerology or a time duration of a reference time unit.
[0285] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the at least one modulation type is associated with at least one of: a channel quality condition of a channel between the A-IoT device and the communication device, or a type of the A-IoT device.
[0286] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the MCS configuration is indicated by a row in an MCS table.
[0287] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the first device is the A-IoT device, and the first device is further configured to: receive, from the second device, a message comprising the MCS configuration.
[0288] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the second device is the A-IoT device, and the first device is further configured to: transmit, to the second device, a message comprising the MCS configuration.
[0289] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the MCS configuration comprises an MCS index, and the MCS index is associated with at least one of: the at least one modulation type, or the one or more modulation parameters.
[0290] In one embodiment, the first device as above, the communication comprises at least one of: an FL transmission to the A-IoT device, or a BL transmission from the A-IoT device.
[0291] The present disclosure provides an A-IoT device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to: receive, from a communication device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration; transmit, to the communication device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; receive, from the communication device, a second FL transmission comprising a second MCS configuration; and perform a communication with the communication device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0292] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the A-IoT device is further caused to:determine a CW signal which is associated with the first FL transmission and within a specific window; and generate the measurement report by performing a measurement based on the CW signal.
[0293] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first FL transmission comprises a first preamble and a first payload, and the A-IoT device is further caused to: generate the measurement report by performing a measurement based on at least one of: the first preamble, the first payload, or a first header of the first payload.
[0294] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first preamble comprises at least one of: a sequence of OOK symbols, a sequence of ASK symbols, or a sequence of FSK symbols.
[0295] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first payload is determined based on the first MCS configuration, and the first MCS configuration is one of: a predefined MCS configuration, an MCS configuration indicated by the first header of the first payload, or an MCS configuration associated with the first preamble.
[0296] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the measurement report is generated based on the first payload, determine that the measurement report is valid based on at least one of: the first payload is successfully detected, or an identifier of the A-IoT device is comprised in the first payload or the first header of the first payload.
[0297] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first payload or the first header of the first payload comprises a measurement indication indicating to the A-IoT device to perform at least one of: performing the measurement, or transmitting the measurement report.
[0298] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the A-IoT device is further caused to: based on determining that the first FL transmission is received, perform at least one of: switching from a low power mode to an active mode; or starting an A-IoT related procedure.
[0299] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first BL transmission is a response to the first FL transmission.
[0300] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first BL transmission comprises an identifier of the A-IoT device and the first BL transmission is contention based.
[0301] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that a feedback of the first BL transmission is not received within a period, retransmit the first BL transmission.
[0302] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, prior to transmitting the first BL transmission, the A-IoT device is further caused to: transmit a further BL transmission comprising a response to the first FL transmission; and receive a further FL transmission comprising an identifier of the A-IoT device based on the first MCS configuration, where the first BL transmission is a further response to the further FL transmission.
[0303] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the further FL transmission is based on the first MCS configuration, and the further FL transmission further comprises resource configuration information for the first BL transmission.
[0304] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the further FL transmission indicates a common MCS configuration or a dedicated MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission is based on the common MCS configuration or the dedicated MCS configuration.
[0305] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the dedicated MCS configuration is associated with an identifier of the A-IoT device.
[0306] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the A-IoT device is further caused to determine at least one of: one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission is to use the second MCS configuration, the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration is received, or the second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed.
[0307] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the second MCS configuration is indicated by a second preamble of the second FL transmission or is comprised in a second header of a second payload of the second FL transmission.
[0308] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first BL transmission is used for determining the second MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission comprises a third preamble which is generated based on a preamble configuration received from the communication device.
[0309] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the third preamble comprises at least one of: an identifier of the A-IoT device, or a further identifier indicated by the preamble configuration.
[0310] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the communication comprises at least one of: a third FL transmission to the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration, or a second BL transmission from the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0311] The present disclosure provides a communication device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to: transmit, to an A-IoT device, a first FL transmission based on a first MCS configuration; receive, from the A-IoT device, a first BL transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission; determine a second MCS configuration based on the first BL transmission; transmit, to the A-IoT device, a second FL transmission comprising the second MCS configuration; and perform a communication with the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0312] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the measurement report is generated based on a measurement of a CW signal which is associated with the first FL transmission and within a specific window.
[0313] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first FL transmission comprises a first preamble and a first payload, and the measurement report is generated based on a measurement of at least one of: the first preamble, the first payload, or a first header of the first payload.
[0314] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first preamble comprises at least one of: a sequence of OOK symbols, a sequence of ASK symbols, or a sequence of FSK symbols.
[0315] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first payload is determined based on the first MCS configuration, and the first MCS configuration is one of: a predefined MCS configuration, an MCS configuration indicated by the first header of the first payload, or an MCS configuration associated with the first preamble.
[0316] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first payload or the first header of the first payload comprises a measurement indication indicating to the A-IoT device to perform at least one of: performing the measurement, or transmitting the measurement report.
[0317] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first BL transmission is a response to the first FL transmission.
[0318] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first BL transmission comprises an identifier of the A-IoT device and the first BL transmission is contention based.
[0319] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, prior to receiving the first BL transmission, the communication device is further caused to: receive, from the A-IoT device, a further BL transmission comprising a response to the first FL transmission; and transmit, to the A-IoT device, a further FL transmission comprising an identifier of the A-IoT device based on the first MCS configuration, where the first BL transmission is a further response to the further FL transmission.
[0320] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the further FL transmission is based on the first MCS configuration, and the further FL transmission further comprises resource configuration information for the first BL transmission.
[0321] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the further FL transmission indicates a common MCS configuration or a dedicated MCS configuration, and the first BL transmission is based on the common MCS configuration or the dedicated MCS configuration.
[0322] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the dedicated MCS configuration is associated with an identifier of the A-IoT device.
[0323] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the communication device is further caused to determine at least one of: one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission is to use the second MCS configuration, the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration different the second MCS configuration is received, or the second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed.
[0324] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the second MCS configuration is indicated by a second preamble of the second FL transmission or is comprised in a second header of a second payload of the second FL transmission.
[0325] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the communication device is caused to determine the second MCS configuration by: determining the second MCS configuration by performing a measurement based on the first BL transmission.
[0326] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first BL transmission comprises a third preamble which is generated based on a preamble configuration received from the communication device.
[0327] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the third preamble comprises at least one of: an identifier of the A-IoT device, or a further identifier indicated by the preamble configuration.
[0328] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the communication comprises at least one of: a third FL transmission to the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration, or a second BL transmission from the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
[0329] The present disclosure provides a method of communication, comprising the operations implemented at the first device (the A-IoT device or the communication device) discussed above. The present disclosure provides a method of communication, comprising the operations implemented at the A-IoT device discussed above. The present disclosure provides a method of communication, comprising the operations implemented at the communication device discussed above.
[0330] The present disclosure provides an A-IoT device, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer program codes; the memory and the computer program codes configured to, with the processor, cause the A-IoT device to perform the method implemented at the A-IoT device discussed above.
[0331] The present disclosure provides a communication device, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer program codes; the memory and the computer program codes configured to, with the processor, cause the communication device to perform the method implemented at the communication device discussed above.
[0332] The present disclosure provides a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method implemented at an A-IoT device or a communication device discussed above.
[0333] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0334] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0335] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0336] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0337] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0338] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the first device at least to:determine a modulation coding scheme (MCS) configuration indicating at least one of:at least one modulation type comprising the at least one modulation type comprises at least one of: on-off keying (OOK) , amplitude shift keying (ASK) , or frequency shift keying (FSK) , orone or more modulation parameters comprising at least one of: a symbol duration, a symbol rate, a number of amplitude levels of an OOK modulation or an ASK modulation, or a number of frequency components of an FSK modulation; andperform a communication with a second device based on the MCS configuration, wherein one of the first device or the second device is an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the symbol duration is indicated by a scaled value relative to a reference time duration.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein the reference time duration is a time duration of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol with a reference numerology or a time duration of a reference time unit.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the at least one modulation type is associated with at least one of:a channel quality condition of a channel between the A-IoT device and the communication device, ora type of the A-IoT device.5.An ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to:receive, from a communication device, a first forward link (FL) transmission based on a first modulation coding scheme (MCS) configuration;transmit, to the communication device, a first backward link (BL) transmission comprising a measurement report associated with the first FL transmission;receive, from the communication device, a second FL transmission comprising a second MCS configuration; andperform a communication with the communication device based on the second MCS configuration.6.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:determine a carrier wave (CW) signal which is associated with the first FL transmission and within a specific window; andgenerate the measurement report by performing a measurement based on the CW signal.7.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the first FL transmission comprises a first preamble and a first payload, and wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:generate the measurement report by performing a measurement based on at least one of: the first preamble, the first payload, or a first header of the first payload.8.The A-IoT device of claim 7, wherein the first preamble comprises at least one of:a sequence of on-off keying (OOK) symbols,a sequence of amplitude shift keying (ASK) symbols, ora sequence of frequency shift keying (FSK) symbols.9.The A-IoT device of claim 7, wherein the first payload is determined based on the first MCS configuration, and wherein the first MCS configuration is one of:a predefined MCS configuration,an MCS configuration indicated by the first header of the first payload, oran MCS configuration associated with the first preamble.10.The A-IoT device of claim 7, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the measurement report is generated based on the first payload, determine that the measurement report is valid based on at least one of:the first payload is successfully detected, oran identifier of the A-IoT device is comprised in the first payload or the first header of the first payload.11.The A-IoT device of claim 7, wherein the first payload or the first header of the first payload comprises a measurement indication indicating to the A-IoT device to perform at least one of: performing the measurement, or transmitting the measurement report.12.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:based on determining that the first FL transmission is received, perform at least one of:switching from a low power mode to an active mode; orstarting an A-IoT related procedure.13.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the first BL transmission is a response to the first FL transmission.14.The A-IoT device of claim 13, wherein the first BL transmission comprises an identifier of the A-IoT device and the first BL transmission is contention based.15.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein prior to transmitting the first BL transmission, the A-IoT device is further caused to:transmit a further BL transmission comprising a response to the first FL transmission; andreceive a further FL transmission comprising an identifier of the A-IoT device based on the first MCS configuration,wherein the first BL transmission is a further response to the further FL transmission.16.The A-IoT device of claim 15, wherein the further FL transmission is based on the first MCS configuration, and the further FL transmission further comprises resource configuration information for the first BL transmission.17.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to determine at least one of:one or more FL transmissions after the second FL transmission is to use the second MCS configuration,the second MCS configuration is used until a third MCS configuration is received, orthe second MCS configuration is used until a round of A-IoT related procedure is completed.18.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the second MCS configuration is indicated by a second preamble of the second FL transmission or is comprised in a second header of a second payload of the second FL transmission.19.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the first BL transmission is used for determining the second MCS configuration, and wherein the first BL transmission comprises a third preamble which is generated based on a preamble configuration received from the communication device.20.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the communication comprises at least one of:a third FL transmission to the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration, ora second BL transmission from the A-IoT device based on the second MCS configuration.
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