Method and system for restoring operating wind speed of wind farm in complex terrain to free-stream wind speed

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and system for restoring an operating wind speed of a wind farm in a complex terrain to a free-stream wind speed. The method comprises: selecting operating wind speed, wind direction and generated active power data series from wind turbines of a wind farm, a wind speed, wind direction, air temperature and air pressure data series from a wind power prediction tower, and a wind speed and wind direction data series from a numerical weather prediction; on the basis of operation data of the wind farm, dividing the wind farm into wind areas on the basis of wind directions; on the basis of the divided wind areas, selecting representative turbine locations, which represent the wind direction of the wind farm; on the basis of a representative turbine wind direction, constructing a wind direction structure of the wind farm, establishing a wake loss matrix of the wind direction structure of the wind farm, and performing consistency checking and correction; and on the basis of the wind direction structure of the wind farm and the corresponding wake loss matrix, restoring the operating wind speed of each wind turbine to a free-stream wind speed. The invention achieves high operability, and can accurately calculate a wake loss of an operating wind speed of each turbine location of a wind farm, thereby improving the accuracy of restoring the operating wind speed of each wind turbine to a free-stream wind speed.

Description

A method and system for restoring free wind speed from operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a method for restoring free wind speed from operating wind speed in a wind farm with complex terrain. Background Art

[0002] The "upgrading and decommissioning" transformation and upgrading will dismantle the wind turbines with small single-unit capacity in the original wind farms, and select sites with better wind energy resources among the sites of the dismantled wind turbines to install high-efficiency wind turbines with large single-unit capacity. During the period 2021-2030, the cumulative capacity of transformed and retired wind turbines nationwide will exceed 60 million kW, and there will be huge demand for transformation and upgrading of wind farms in the future.

[0003] Traditional methods for analyzing wind energy resources for wind farms, which are being upgraded through the "upgrading large and downgrading small" strategy, still rely on pre-construction wind energy data from a small number of wind towers to extrapolate the wind energy resources for the entire wind farm. This method, due to the lack of representativeness of wind towers, results in inaccurate wind energy analysis and fails to fully utilize operational data from the wind farm.

[0004] In addition, in the wind power prediction of wind farms, the wind power prediction of wind farms is carried out by combining the numerical weather forecast of wind farms with the wind power prediction tower. The wind power prediction tower of wind farms with complex terrain has low representativeness, and the wind measurement data of the wind power prediction tower is affected by the wake of the wind farm. The accuracy of wind power prediction of wind farms with complex terrain is not high. If the operating wind speed of each unit can be restored to the free wind speed, and each unit replaces the wind power prediction tower, the accuracy of wind power prediction of wind farms will be greatly improved.

[0005] The wind speed and direction data of each wind turbine in the wind farm and the wind power prediction tower wind measurement data. These wind speed data are affected by the wind farm's operating wake, and the wind speed is significantly reduced. They cannot be used directly, and the operating wind speed needs to be converted into free wind speed.

[0006] The wake is related to the layout of the wind farm and the direction of each turbine or the wind direction. There are N turbines in the wind farm, each of which is divided into 16 sectors. The number of wind direction combinations of N turbines is 16. N The workload and calculation amount are extremely high. Ignoring the wind turbine directional combination layout, directly calculating the average wake of 16 sectors at each unit, and then reconstructing the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of each unit is a simple method but has low accuracy. Currently, there is no very feasible method.

[0007] The transformation and upgrading of wind farms and wind power forecasting both urgently need to find a feasible method for "restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed" of each unit, so as to improve the accuracy of wind energy resource analysis and wind power forecasting in wind farms.

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain. Based on the construction of a wind direction combination structure, the average wind speed series of each unit in the wind farm over the years for 10 minutes is restored to a free wind speed series that is not affected by wake vortexes. This provides a solution for the "upgrading large and suppressing small" transformation and upgrading, accurately analyzing the wind energy resources and wind power prediction of each unit, and replacing the wind power prediction tower for each unit to accurately predict the wind farm power.

[0010] The present invention provides a method for restoring free wind speed from operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain, comprising:

[0011] Step 1: Select the data series of wind speed, wind direction, and active power generated by each wind turbine in the wind farm; the data series of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and air pressure from the wind power prediction tower; the data series of wind speed and wind direction from the numerical weather forecast; the actual operating power curve of each wind turbine on a monthly basis; the operating data of the first four for a full year during the same period; and the measured 1:2000 topographic map of the wind farm;

[0012] Operation data of the three for a full year during the same period;

[0013] Step 2: Based on the selected wind farm operation data, the wind farm is divided into wind zones according to wind direction;

[0014] Step 3: Based on the divided wind zones, select a representative position representing the wind direction of the wind farm;

[0015] Step 4: Construct the wind direction structure of the wind farm according to the representative wind turbine wind direction, establish the wake loss matrix of the wind direction structure of the wind farm, and perform consistency check and correction on the wake loss matrix results;

[0016] Step 5: According to the wind direction structure of the wind farm and the corresponding wake loss matrix, the operating wind speed of each wind turbine is restored to the free wind speed.

[0017] Furthermore, the step 2 includes:

[0018] 1) Select the wind direction data series of wind turbine operation to form a wind direction sector numerical matrix, including:

[0019] The wind turbine with the largest annual average wind speed in the wind farm is taken as the benchmark unit. The wind speed of the benchmark unit is greater than the starting wind speed by 2.5m / s. The wind direction sector data of each wind turbine in the wind farm are selected. The 10-minute average wind direction series of N wind turbines form the matrix F = (f ij ) M×N , where M represents the number of time series, N represents the number of wind turbines, f represents the wind direction sector value, and f ij Indicates the wind direction sector value of wind turbine No. i and time period No. j;

[0020] 2) Selection of wind zone division indicators, including:

[0021] Based on the phenomenon that wind flow through wind farms is delayed and disturbed by terrain, based on statistics for a full year, wind turbines with the same or similar wind direction and a frequency of more than 2 / 3 are divided into a wind zone. The wind zone division method is: if the amplitude of the difference between the wind direction sectors of two wind turbines is 1 and the frequency of the difference is less than or equal to 1 for more than 2 / 3 of the year, they belong to the same wind zone.

[0022] 3) Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix, including:

[0023] The wind direction amplitude is defined as the absolute value of the difference in wind direction sectors between two units in the same time period;

[0024] The calculation method of wind direction amplitude matrix is: Matrix F = (f ij ) M×N , taking the kth wind turbine as an example, calculate whether other wind turbines are in the same wind zone as the kth wind turbine; each column in the matrix represents a different wind direction time series of the wind turbine, and the absolute value of the difference between each column of data and the kth column of data is taken, that is, a ij =|f ij -f ik |(i=1,M;j=1,N)composes the matrix A, A=(a ij ) M×N ;

[0025] 4) Make the same wind zone judgment, including:

[0026] For matrix A, the frequency of occurrence is less than or equal to 1, and the columns with a frequency of more than 2 / 3 constitute a wind zone;

[0027] 5) Follow the steps below to divide the wind farm into wind zones:

[0028] Step 1: Select the full-year operating wind data of N wind turbines in the wind farm, convert the annual wind direction series of N wind turbines into a wind direction sector series, and select the wind direction series of N turbines simultaneously with the wind speed of the benchmark turbine being greater than 2.5m / s. The series is M time periods long, forming an M×N wind direction matrix F=(f ij ) M×N (i=1,M;j=1,N);

[0029] Step 2: Determine whether the fan in the first column of the matrix belongs to the same wind zone as other fans; take the absolute value of the difference between the data in each column of the matrix and the data in the first column, i.e. a ij =|f ij -f i1 |(i=1,M;j=1,N), forming the wind direction amplitude matrix A, A=(a ij ) M×N ;

[0030] Step 3: For the wind direction amplitude matrix A, count the frequency of occurrences less than or equal to 1 by column. The wind turbine positions corresponding to the columns with an occurrence frequency of more than 2 / 3 form a wind zone. The number of wind turbines forming this wind zone is S1. This wind zone includes at least wind turbine number 1 in the matrix.

[0031] Step 4: Deduct the number of wind turbine units and corresponding positions in the divided wind zones, and form an M×N1 wind direction matrix F1=(f ij ) M×N1 ;

[0032] Step 5: According to steps 2 and 3, and so on, divide the N wind turbines in the wind farm into H wind zones. The number of wind turbines in each wind zone is S1, S2, S3, ..., S H ;

[0033] 6) Check the consistency of wind farm wind zone division, including:

[0034] According to the wind zone division index, the amplitude of the difference between the wind direction sectors of two wind turbines is 1, and the frequency of less than or equal to 1 in the whole year is more than 2 / 3, which means they are in the same wind zone;

[0035] The wind direction amplitude formed by the above wind zone division only determines whether the wind turbines in the first column of the matrix are in the same wind zone as the wind turbines in other columns. Then, the wind turbines in the same wind zone are deducted, and then the wind turbines in the same wind zone are determined.

[0036] Check whether other aircraft positions in the same wind zone belong to the same wind zone as other wind zone positions. If they do, merge the two wind zones.

[0037] 7) Wind farm wind zone division results: According to the wind farm wind zone division steps, after the wind zone division consistency check, the wind farm N units are divided into L wind zones, and each wind zone contains units QS1, QS2, QS3, ..., QS L .

[0038] Furthermore, the step 3 includes:

[0039] 1) Select representative wind zones representing the main wind directions of the wind farm, including:

[0040] The wind farm wind zone division results, each wind zone contains the number of units QS1, QS2, QS3, ..., QS L , sort by size, and give priority to selecting the wind zone with the largest number of wind turbines as the representative wind zone; if the number of wind turbines in the selected wind zone does not reach more than half, then select the wind zone with the largest and second largest number of wind turbines to form a combined wind zone as the representative wind zone;

[0041] 2) Representative seat selection criteria include:

[0042] The difference between the wind direction sector of the wind turbine and the wind direction sector of the numerical weather forecast is set to 1. The frequency of occurrence of amplitudes less than or equal to 1 throughout the year is calculated, and the position with the highest frequency throughout the year is selected as the representative position.

[0043] 3) The steps for selecting a representative seat are as follows:

[0044] Step 1: The wind direction data of wind turbines in the representative wind zone are used to form a wind direction matrix; the wind direction data of NN wind turbines in the representative wind zone are used to convert the degree wind direction into the sector wind direction to form a wind direction matrix FM = (f ij ) M×NN ;Numerical weather forecast wind direction fy data series M time period, convert the degree wind direction into sector wind direction, forming fy i series i=1,M;

[0045] Step 2: Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix of the wind turbine and the numerical weather forecast; the kth column data in the i-th period f in the wind direction matrix FM ik and numerical weather forecast fy for period i i The absolute value of the difference between the data is calculated according to formula b ij =|f ik -fy i | Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix B = (b ij ) M×NN ;

[0046] Step 3: Count the frequencies of wind direction amplitude matrix columns B that are less than or equal to 1. The frequencies of column 1 are P1, column 2 are P2, etc., column K is PK, etc., and column N is PNN. Select the wind turbine position with the highest frequency as the representative position.

[0047] Furthermore, the method for constructing the wind farm wind direction structure wake loss matrix in step 4 includes:

[0048] Step 1: Select the wind speed and direction data series based on the wind direction of the representative wind turbine. For each of the N wind turbines in the wind farm, obtain the 10-minute average wind speed and direction data series for the entire year. When the representative wind turbine has a certain wind direction, select the 10-minute average wind speed and direction data series for the N wind turbines in the wind farm.

[0049] Step 2: Obtain the wake loss matrix of the wind farm wind direction structure through calculation, including:

[0050] Take each wind turbine as a wind tower, use the data series selected in step 1 as input, and calculate the average wake loss of 16 wind direction sectors of N wind turbines in the wind farm by the complex terrain wake model power generation calculation method. The wake loss matrix W = (wl ij ) N×16, forming an N-row 16-column average wake loss matrix, where wl represents the wake loss, wl ij represents the average wake loss of the i-th wind turbine in the j-th wind direction sector;

[0051] Step 3: According to the calculation method of the wind farm wind direction structure wake loss matrix in step 2, calculate the average wake loss matrix of the 16 wind direction sectors of the N units in the wind farm as W0, W1, ..., Wk, ..., W14, and W15 when the representative wind turbines appear in wind direction sectors 0, 1, 2, ..., 14, and 15 respectively.

[0052] Furthermore, the consistency check and correction method of the wake loss matrix results in step 4 includes:

[0053] If the absolute value of the difference between the wake loss calculated twice before and after for the same unit in the wind direction sector is within the given error range, the wake loss results are determined to be consistent. The error range is set to 0.5%. Assume that the wake loss of unit a in the wind direction sector b is checked and judged as follows: |W 前ab -W 后ab |×p≤0.5%,W 前ab Represents the last calculated wake loss, W 后ab represents the wake loss calculated this time, and p represents the frequency of unit a appearing in wind direction sector b.

[0054] Furthermore, the consistency check and correction of the wake loss matrix results specifically include the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Select the wind speed and direction data series according to the wind direction of the representative wind turbine; for N wind turbines in the wind farm, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction operation data of each wind turbine for a full year are collected. When the representative wind turbine has wind direction M, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data series of N wind turbines in the wind farm are selected conditionally, and the wake loss matrix W is calculated. M =(wl ij ) N×16 ;

[0056] Step 2: For each of the L wind zones divided by wind power, select the wind direction sector with the highest frequency for each turbine in each wind zone and perform a consistency check. In addition to the representative turbine, select turbines a1, a2, a3, ..., aL. When the wind direction sector of the representative turbine is M, the sectors with the highest frequency for each selected turbine are M1, M2, M3, ..., ML, respectively.

[0057] Step 3: When wind turbine a1 appears in wind direction sector M1, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data series of N wind turbines in the wind farm are selected as the condition;

[0058] Step 4: According to the data series selected in step 3, calculate the wind direction sector frequency matrix of each wind turbine, P = (p ij) N×16 , (i=1,N;j=0,15)p represents the frequency of wind direction in sector j, p ij It indicates the frequency of occurrence of wind direction in sector j of unit i;

[0059] Step 5: Calculation of the wind direction structure wake loss matrix:

[0060] Each wind turbine is used as a wind tower. The data series selected in step 4 is used as input. Based on the complex terrain wind farm wake loss model power generation calculation method, the average wake loss of N wind turbines in 16 wind direction sectors of the wind farm is calculated. The wake loss matrix WW = (wwl ij ) N×16 , forming an N-row 16-column average wake loss matrix, where wwl represents the wake loss, wwl ij represents the average wake loss of the i-th wind turbine in the j-th wind direction sector;

[0061] Step 6: Check the consistency of the wake loss results of wind direction sector number M1 of wind turbine a1:

[0062] (1) In the WM matrix, only the wake loss of wind direction sector number M1 is retained for wind turbine a1, and the wake losses of other wind direction sectors are assigned 0 values. M =(wl ij ) N×16 Become WF M =(wf ij ) N×16 ;

[0063] (2) Calculate the wake loss deviation matrix; for WF M The matrix and WW matrix are calculated according to the formula WC ij =|wf ij -wwl ij |×p ij Form the wake loss deviation matrix WC=(wc ij ) N×16 ;

[0064] (3) If each element wc of the wake loss deviation matrix WC ij If both are less than or equal to 0.5%, the wake loss results consistency check meets the requirements and proceed to step eight. Otherwise, subdivide the wind direction structure of a1 fan;

[0065] Step 7: Subdivide the wind direction structure of the a1 wind turbine and correct the wake loss deviation matrix, including:

[0066] Based on step 1, select the wind direction sectors with a frequency of more than 10% for fan a1, which are M a1 1 、M a1 2 ,...,M a1 L-1, other sectors form a combined sector M a1 L ;

[0067] The number of wind direction sectors of fan a1 is M a1 1 、M a1 2 ,...,M a1 L ,Condition Select the 10-min average wind speed and wind direction data series of N wind turbines in the wind farm;

[0068] The number of wind direction sectors of fan a1 is M a1 1 、M a1 2 ,...,M a1 L , calculate the average wake loss matrix of 16 wind direction sectors of N wind turbines in the wind farm respectively, and get the wake loss matrix W a1 1 , W a1 2 ,...,W a1 L , and use this result to replace the wake loss result W of the wind turbine M sector M =(wl ij ) N×16 ;

[0069] Step 8: Using a similar method, perform a consistency check on the wake loss results of wind turbines a2, a3, ..., aL. If the wake loss matrix results do not meet the consistency check, subdivide the wind direction structure and modify the results.

[0070] Step 9: Follow the above steps to check and correct the results of the 16 wind direction sectors representing the wind turbine at one time.

[0071] Furthermore, the step 5 includes:

[0072] Step 1: Convert the degree wind direction of the wind direction series of N wind turbines in the wind farm into sector wind direction;

[0073] Step 2: When the wind direction sector k appears for the representative wind turbine, select the 10-minute average wind speed, wind direction data, and active power series of N wind turbines in the wind farm;

[0074] Step 3: Select the wake loss matrix W of 16 wind direction sectors of N wind turbines in the wind farm when the wind turbine appears in wind direction k sector k =(wl ij ) N×16 If there is a wake correction result for the subdivided wind zone structure, the correction result will be used;

[0075] Step 4: For each selected wind turbine, the average wind speed, wind direction, and active power data time series for 10 minutes of operation is obtained. When the active power is greater than 0 in the mth time period, the wake loss matrix is ​​checked according to the turbine number and wind direction. For example, the wind direction of wind turbine No. L in the mth time period is sector No. C, and the wind speed is V. 运ml, check the wake loss wl of wind turbine No. L in the wake loss matrix Wk for sector No. c Lc , according to the calculation formula Restore to the free wind speed V that is not affected by the wake 自ml ;

[0076] Step 5: When the wind direction sectors k representing the wind turbines are 0, 1, 2, ..., 14, and 15, respectively, the operating wind speed, wind direction, and active power series of each wind turbine are selected, and the operating wind speed is restored to the free wind speed according to steps 2 to 4.

[0077] The present invention also provides a system for restoring the free wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain by operating the wind speed, characterized in that it includes a wind speed restoration module, which is used to execute the method for restoring the free wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

[0078] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement a method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

[0079] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0080] A memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 by executing the computer instructions.

[0081] Through the above scheme, the method and system for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain are highly operational. Based on the construction of a wind direction combination structure for each wind farm position in the main wind direction, the operating wind speed wake loss of each wind farm position is accurately calculated, thereby improving the accuracy of restoring the operating wind speed of each wind turbine to the free wind speed. Based on the construction of a wind direction combination structure for each wind farm position in the main wind direction, the demonstration is sufficient, the analysis is correct, and the results are reasonable. Restoring the operating wind speed of each wind turbine over the years to the free wind speed provides a feasible solution for accurately analyzing wind energy resources for the "upgrading and downgrading" transformation and upgrading of wind farms and accurately predicting the wind power of wind farms by replacing each wind turbine with a wind power prediction tower. This method is suitable for the "upgrading and downgrading" transformation and upgrading of wind farms and wind power prediction under mountainous and complex terrain conditions in the domestic and foreign wind power industries, and has strong applicability.

[0082] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0083] FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for restoring free wind speed from operating wind speed in a wind farm with complex terrain according to the present invention;

[0084] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0086] As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment provides a method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain, including:

[0087] Step S1, selecting a data series of wind speed, wind direction, and active power generated by each wind turbine in the wind farm, a data series of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and air pressure from a wind power prediction tower, and a data series of wind speed and wind direction from a numerical weather forecast, all of which are operating data for a full year at the same time;

[0088] Step S2, dividing the wind farm into wind zones according to wind direction based on the selected wind farm operation data;

[0089] Step S3: selecting a representative position representing the wind direction of the wind farm based on the divided wind zones;

[0090] Step S4: constructing a wind direction structure of the wind farm according to the wind direction of the representative wind turbine, establishing a wake loss matrix of the wind direction structure of the wind farm, and performing consistency check and correction on the wake loss matrix results;

[0091] Step S5: according to the wind direction structure of the wind farm and the corresponding wake loss matrix, the operating wind speed of each wind turbine is restored to the free wind speed.

[0092] The specific content of each step of the present invention is further described in detail below:

[0093] 1. Select wind farm operation data.

[0094] The study selected data on wind speed, wind direction, and active power generated by each wind turbine at the wind farm (at 10-minute intervals); wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and air pressure data from the wind power prediction tower (at 15-minute intervals); wind speed and direction data from the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) (at 15-minute intervals); monthly actual operating power curves for each wind turbine; a full year of operating data for the first four data points; and a 1:2000 topographic map of the wind farm; and a full year of operating data for the third data point. Wind turbine operating wind speed and direction are measured by wind speed and vane instruments on the wind turbine nacelles, respectively. Because wind turbine operation is affected by turbine wakes, the measured wind speed is defined as the "operating wind" speed, or simply the operating wind speed.

[0095] 2. Wind farms are divided into wind zones according to wind direction.

[0096] (1) Basic principles of dividing wind zones by wind direction. When air flows through a mountain wind farm, it follows the general laws of air flow in complex terrain. The air flow affected by the mountain terrain basically flows along the terrain. Due to the changes in the terrain, the air flow will produce peeling and compression during the flow. When air flows through a complex mountain wind farm, it is affected by terrain factors such as mountain slope, slope, height, and ground roughness. The wind direction structure of the wind farm will change slightly, which is manifested as different wind directions at each unit in the wind farm. However, the main structure of the wind direction at each unit in the wind farm does not change much. Therefore, the wind farm can be divided into different wind zones according to wind direction.

[0097] (2) Conversion of degree wind direction into wind direction sectors. The 10-minute average degree wind direction (0-360 degrees) of each wind turbine during the entire year of operation is converted into 16 wind direction sectors (see Table 1 for conversion of degree wind direction into wind direction sectors).

[0098] Table 1: Conversion of degree wind direction into wind direction sector

[0099] (3) Select the wind direction data series of the wind turbine to construct the wind direction sector matrix. The wind turbine with the largest annual average wind speed in the wind farm is the benchmark unit. Based on the fact that the wind speed of the benchmark unit is 2.5m / s greater than the starting wind speed of the wind turbine, the wind direction sector data of each wind turbine is selected. Assuming that there are N wind turbines in a wind farm, the 10-minute average wind direction series of the N wind turbines constitute the matrix F = (f ij ) M×N , where M represents the number of time series, N represents the number of wind turbines, f represents the wind direction sector value, and f ij Indicates the wind direction sector value of wind turbine No. i and time period No. j.

[0100] (4) Selection of wind zone division indicators. Considering the lag in wind flow through the wind farm and the disturbance caused by terrain, based on statistics for a full year, wind turbines with the same or similar wind direction and a frequency of more than 2 / 3 are divided into one wind zone. The specific method of wind zone division is: if the amplitude of the difference between the wind direction sectors of two wind turbines is 1 and the frequency of less than or equal to 1 is more than 2 / 3 throughout the year, they belong to the same wind zone.

[0101] (5) Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix

[0102] The wind direction amplitude is defined as the absolute value of the difference in wind direction sectors between two wind turbines in the same time period.

[0103] Calculation method of wind direction amplitude matrix: Matrix F = (f ij ) M×N , taking the kth wind turbine as an example, calculate whether other wind turbines are in the same wind zone as the kth wind turbine. Each column in the matrix represents a different wind direction time series of the wind turbine, and the absolute value of the difference between each column data and the kth column data is a ij =|f ij -f ik |(i=1,M;j=1,N)composes the matrix A, A=( aij ) M×N .

[0104] (6) Judgment of the same wind zone

[0105] For matrix A, the frequency of occurrence is less than or equal to 1, and the columns with an occurrence frequency of more than 2 / 3 constitute a wind zone.

[0106] (7) Steps for wind farm wind zone division

[0107] Step 1: Select the full-year operating wind data of N wind turbines in the wind farm, convert the annual wind direction series of N wind turbines into a wind direction sector series, and select N wind turbine wind direction series simultaneously with the wind speed of the benchmark unit greater than 2.5m / s. The series is M time periods long, forming an M×N wind direction matrix F=(f ij ) M×N (i=1,M; j=1,N).

[0108] Step 2: Determine whether the fan in the first column of the matrix belongs to the same wind zone as other fans. The absolute value of the difference between the data in each column of the matrix and the data in the first column is a ij =|f ij -f i1 |(i=1,M;j=1,N;)composes the wind direction amplitude A matrix, A=( aij ) M×N .

[0109] Step 3: For the wind direction amplitude matrix A, count the frequencies of occurrences less than or equal to 1 by column. The wind turbine positions (referred to as wind turbine positions) corresponding to the columns with an occurrence frequency of more than 2 / 3 form a wind zone. The number of wind turbine positions constituting this wind zone is S1. This wind zone includes at least wind turbine No. 1 in the matrix.

[0110] Step 4: Deduct the number of wind turbines in the divided wind zone and the corresponding positions, and form an M×N1 wind direction matrix F1=(f ij ) M×N1 .

[0111] Step 5: According to steps 2 and 3, and so on, divide the N wind turbines in the wind farm into H wind zones. The number of wind turbines in each wind zone is S1, S2, S3, ..., S H .

[0112] (8) Check the consistency of wind farm wind zone division

[0113] According to the wind zone division index, the amplitude of the difference between the wind direction sectors of two wind turbines is 1. If the frequency of the difference being less than or equal to 1 is more than 2 / 3 throughout the year, they are in the same wind zone.

[0114] The above wind zone division only determines whether the wind turbines in the first column and other columns in the matrix are in the same wind zone, and then deducts the positions in the same wind zone, and then determines whether the other positions are in the same wind zone.

[0115] The wind zone division consistency check is to check whether other aircraft positions in the same wind zone belong to the same wind zone as aircraft positions in other wind zones. If they belong to the same wind zone, the two wind zones will be merged.

[0116] (9) Wind farm wind zone division results: According to the wind farm wind zone division steps, after the wind zone division consistency check, the wind farm N units are divided into L wind zones, and each wind zone contains units QS1, QS2, QS3, ..., QS L .

[0117] 3. Select a representative position that represents the wind direction of the wind farm.

[0118] (1) Requirements for selecting representative turbine positions. When air flows through a complex mountainous wind farm, the main airflow of the wind farm remains relatively stable due to factors such as terrain. This is reflected in the fact that the main wind direction of most wind turbine positions in the wind farm does not change much. The wind direction data for the representative wind farm area uses the numerical weather forecast data used for wind power prediction. The wind turbine position that can represent the wind direction of most wind turbine positions in the wind farm and has the best consistency with the wind direction of the numerical weather forecast is selected as the representative position.

[0119] (2) Select the representative wind zone representing the main wind direction of the wind farm. For the wind zone division results of the wind farm, the number of units in each wind zone is QS1, QS2, QS3, ..., QS L , sort by size, and prioritize the wind zone with the largest number of wind turbines as the representative wind zone. If the number of wind turbines in the selected wind zone does not reach more than half, the wind zones with the largest and second largest number of wind turbines are selected to form a combined wind zone as the representative wind zone.

[0120] (3) Judgment index for selecting representative positions. The 10-minute average wind direction series of wind turbines in the representative wind zone of the wind farm and the 15-minute average wind direction series of the numerical weather forecast for the same period are counted at 30-minute intervals. The wind turbine positions with the wind direction close to the numerical weather forecast and the highest frequency are selected. The amplitude of the difference between the wind direction sector of the wind turbine and the wind direction sector of the numerical weather forecast is selected as 1. The frequency of occurrence of amplitudes less than or equal to 1 throughout the year is calculated, and the position with the highest frequency throughout the year is selected as the representative position.

[0121] (4) The steps for selecting representative seats are as follows

[0122] Step 1: The wind direction data of wind turbines in the representative wind zone are used to form a wind direction matrix. In the representative wind zone, there are NN wind turbine positions and M wind direction time periods throughout the year. The degree wind direction is converted into wind direction sectors to form a wind direction matrix FM = (f ij ) M×NN . Numerical weather forecast wind direction f y The data series has M time periods, and the degree wind direction is converted into wind direction sectors to form f yi Series i=1,M.

[0123] Step 2: Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix of the wind turbine and the numerical weather forecast; the kth column data in the i-th period f in the wind direction matrix FM ik and numerical weather forecast fy for period i i The absolute value of the difference between the data is calculated according to formula b ij =|f ik -fy i | Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix B = (b ij ) M×NN ;

[0124] Step 3: Count the frequencies of wind direction amplitude matrix columns B that are less than or equal to 1. The frequencies of column 1 are P1, column 2 are P2, etc., column K is PK, etc., and column N is PNN. Select the wind turbine position with the highest frequency as the representative position.

[0125] 4. According to the wind direction of the representative wind turbine, construct the wind direction structure of the wind farm and establish the wind farm wind direction structure wake loss matrix.

[0126] 1) Establish the wake loss matrix of the wind farm wind direction structure

[0127] The wind direction of the representative wind turbine represents the direction of the dominant airflow in the wind farm. Based on the wind direction of the representative wind turbine, the main wind direction structure of the wind farm is constructed, the wake loss of each wind turbine position in the wind farm is calculated, and the wake loss matrix of the wind direction structure of the wind farm is constructed. The steps are as follows:

[0128] Step 1: Select a wind speed and direction data series based on the wind direction of the representative wind turbine. Select the 10-minute average wind speed and direction data series for each wind turbine in the wind farm over the entire year. When the representative wind turbine has wind direction k (k = 0, 1, 2, ..., 15), conditionally select the 10-minute average wind speed and direction data series for N wind turbines in the wind farm.

[0129] Step 2: Calculation method of the wake loss matrix of the wind direction structure of the wind farm. Take each wind turbine as a wind tower, select the power generation calculation software suitable for the complex terrain wind farm wake model, input the data series selected in step 1, calculate the average wake loss of the 16 wind direction sectors of the N wind turbines in the wind farm, and form the wake loss matrix W = (wl ij ) N×16 , we get the average wake loss matrix with N rows and 16 columns, where wl represents the wake loss, ij It represents the average wake loss of the i-th wind turbine in the j-th wind direction sector.

[0130] Step 3: According to the calculation method of step 2, calculate the average wake loss matrices W0, W1, ..., Wk, ..., W14, and W15 of the 16 wind direction sectors of the N wind turbines in the wind farm when the representative wind turbines appear in wind direction sectors 0, 1, 2, ..., 14, and 15 respectively.

[0131] 2) Consistency check and correction of the wake loss matrix results of the wind farm wind direction structure

[0132] Based on representative wind turbine wind directions, the wind farm's main wind direction structure is constructed, and a wake loss matrix result is generated. This result's accuracy meets the required consistency check. Further subdividing the wind direction structure can improve the accuracy of the wake loss result. If the two results after subdividing the wind direction structure are within the given error range, the result consistency check is met. If it does not meet the requirements, the result is revised.

[0133] Consistency check and judgment index of wake loss results: if the absolute value of the difference between the wake loss calculated twice before and after in the wind direction of the same unit is within the given error range, the judgment results are basically consistent. The error range is tentatively set at 0.5%. Excluding low-probability events, assuming that the wake loss of unit a in the wind direction sector b is checked and judged as: W 前ab -W 后ab |×p≤0.5%,W 前ab Represents the last calculated wake loss, W 后abrepresents the wake loss calculated this time, and p represents the frequency of unit a appearing in wind direction sector b. The steps for checking the consistency of the wake loss matrix results and correcting the results are as follows:

[0134] Step 1: Select the wind speed and direction data series according to the wind direction of the representative wind turbine. For N wind turbines in a wind farm, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction operation data of each wind turbine for a full year are collected. When the representative wind turbine has wind direction M, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data series of N wind turbines in the wind farm are selected conditionally, and the wake loss matrix W is calculated. M =(wl ij ) N×16 .

[0135] Step 2: For each of the L wind zones, select the wind direction sector with the highest frequency for each turbine in each zone and perform a consistency check. In addition to the representative turbine, select turbines a1, a2, a3, ..., aL. When the representative turbine's wind direction sector is M, the sectors with the highest frequency for each selected turbine are M1, M2, M3, ..., ML, respectively.

[0136] Step 3: When wind turbine a1 appears in wind direction sector M1, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data series of N wind turbines in the wind farm are selected as the condition.

[0137] Step 4: According to the data series selected in step 3, calculate the wind direction sector frequency matrix of each wind turbine, P = (p ij ) N×16 , (i=1,N;j=0,15)p represents the frequency of wind direction in sector j, p ij Indicates the frequency of wind direction in sector j of unit i

[0138] Step 5: Calculation of the wake loss matrix of the wind direction structure. Each wind turbine is used as a wind tower. Using the data series selected in step 4 as input, select the power generation calculation software suitable for the wake loss model of the complex terrain wind farm, calculate the average wake loss of the 16 wind direction sectors of the N wind turbines in the wind farm, and obtain the wake loss matrix WW = (wwl ij ) N×16 , forming an N-row 16-column average wake loss matrix, where wwl represents the wake loss, wwl ij It represents the average wake loss of the i-th wind turbine in the j-th wind direction sector.

[0139] Step 6: Check the consistency of the wake loss results of wind direction sector number M1 of wind turbine a1.

[0140] (1) In the WM matrix, only the wake loss of wind direction sector number M1 is retained for wind turbine a1, and the wake losses of other wind direction sectors are assigned 0 values. M =(wl ij )N×16 Become WF M =(wf ij ) N×16 .

[0141] (2) Calculate the wake loss deviation matrix. M The matrix and WW matrix are calculated according to the formula WC ij =|wf ij -wwl ij |×p ij Form the wake loss deviation matrix WC=(wc ij ) N×16 .

[0142] (3) If each element wc of the wake loss deviation matrix WC ij If both are less than or equal to 0.5%, the consistency check of the wake loss results meets the requirements and proceeds to step eight. Otherwise, the wind direction structure of the fan a1 is subdivided.

[0143] Step 7: Subdivide the wind direction structure of the a1 wind turbine and correct the wake loss deviation matrix.

[0144] Based on step 1, select the wind direction sectors with a frequency of more than 10% for fan a1, which are M a1 1 、M a1 2 ,...,M a1 L-1 , other sectors form a combined sector M a1 L .

[0145] The number of wind direction sectors of fan a1 is M a1 1 、M a1 2 ,...,M a1 L ,The condition is to select the 10-min average wind speed and direction data series of N wind turbines in the wind farm.

[0146] The number of wind direction sectors of fan a1 is M a1 1 、M a1 2 ,...,M a1 L , calculate the average wake loss matrix of 16 wind direction sectors of N wind turbines in the wind farm respectively, and get the wake loss matrix W a1 1 , W a1 2 ,...,W a1 L , this result will replace the wake loss result W representing the wind turbine M sector M =(wl ij ) N×16 .

[0147] Step 8: Using a similar method, perform a consistency check on the wake loss results of wind turbines a2, a3, ..., aL. If the consistency check of the wake loss matrix results is not met, subdivide the wind direction structure and correct the results.

[0148] Step 9: Follow the above steps to check and correct the results of the 16 wind direction sectors representing the wind turbine at one time.

[0149] 5. Restore the operating wind speed of each wind turbine to the free wind speed.

[0150] The 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data of N wind turbines in a wind farm for a full year are restored to free wind speed data that is not affected by wake losses. The steps are as follows:

[0151] Step 1: Convert the degree wind direction of the wind direction series of N wind turbines in the wind farm into sector wind direction;

[0152] Step 2: When the wind direction sector k appears for the representative wind turbine, select the 10-minute average wind speed, wind direction data, and active power series of N wind turbines in the wind farm;

[0153] Step 3: Select the wake loss matrix W of 16 wind direction sectors of N wind turbines in the wind farm when the wind turbine appears in wind direction k sector k =(wl ij ) N×16 (If there are wake correction results for the subdivided wind zone structure, the correction results shall be used);

[0154] Step 4: For each selected wind turbine, the average wind speed, wind direction, and active power data time series for 10 minutes of operation is obtained. When the active power is greater than 0 in the mth time period, the wake loss matrix is ​​checked according to the turbine number and wind direction. For example, the wind direction of wind turbine No. L in the mth time period is sector No. C, and the wind speed is V. 运ml , in the wake loss matrix Wk (if there is a correction result, use the corresponding correction result) check the wake loss wl of wind turbine No. L in the wind direction of sector No. c Lc , according to the calculation formula Restore to the free wind speed V that is not affected by the wake 自ml (If there is a wake correction result of a subdivided wind zone structure, the operating wind speed is restored to the free wind speed using the original subdivided wind zone structure);

[0155] Step 5: When the wind direction sectors k representing the wind turbines are 0, 1, 2, ..., 14, and 15, respectively, the operating wind speed, wind direction, and active power series of each wind turbine are selected, and the operating wind speed is restored to the free wind speed according to steps 2 to 4.

[0156] The present invention is based on the fact that the wind direction combination structure of each position in the main wind direction of the wind farm is basically stable. By dividing the wind farm into wind zones according to wind direction, the same wind zone represents the stable wind direction structure of each position in the wind zone, and different wind zones represent the wind direction combination structure of the wind farm, the wind zone representing the main wind direction of the wind farm is selected, and with the help of the historical data of the numerical weather forecast of the wind farm, the position closest to the numerical weather forecast wind direction (representing the wind direction of the wind farm area) is selected as the representative position. According to the representative wind turbine wind direction, the wind direction structure of each position in the wind farm and the corresponding wake loss matrix are constructed, and then the operating wind speed of each wind turbine is restored to the free wind speed. The present invention solves the key problem of the wind direction combination arrangement of each wind turbine in the wind farm, and proposes a method for judging the wind zone division index of the wind direction consistency of the wind farm, a method for dividing wind zones according to wind direction, a method for selecting the representative position representing the wind direction of the wind farm, and a method for constructing the wind direction structure of the wind farm according to the representative wind turbine wind direction. The problem of wake losses corresponding to the wind direction layout of each wind turbine in a wind farm is solved. A method for constructing a wind farm wind direction structure and building a corresponding wake loss matrix, as well as checking and correcting the consistency of the results, is proposed. The problem of restoring the operating wind speed to the free wind speed based on the wake loss is solved. A method for restoring the operating wind speed of each wind turbine to the free wind speed based on the wind direction structure of the wind farm and the corresponding wake loss matrix is ​​proposed.

[0157] This method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain is highly operational. Based on constructing a wind direction combination structure for each wind farm position in the main wind direction, it accurately calculates the operating wind speed wake loss of each wind farm position, improving the accuracy of restoring the operating wind speed of each wind turbine to the free wind speed. Based on constructing a wind direction combination structure for each wind farm position in the main wind direction, the demonstration is sufficient, the analysis is correct, and the results are reasonable. The method of restoring the operating wind speed of each wind turbine over the years to the free wind speed provides a feasible solution for accurately analyzing wind energy resources during the "upgrading and downgrading" transformation and upgrading of wind farms, and accurately predicting the wind power of wind farms by replacing each wind turbine with a wind power prediction tower. This method is suitable for the "upgrading and downgrading" transformation and upgrading of wind farms and wind power prediction under complex mountainous terrain conditions in the domestic and foreign wind power industries, and has strong applicability.

[0158] The present invention also provides a system for restoring free wind speed from operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain, comprising a wind speed restoration module, wherein the wind speed restoration module is used to execute the method for restoring free wind speed from operating wind speed of a wind farm in complex terrain.

[0159] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the method of restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of the complex terrain wind farm is implemented.

[0160] Referring to FIG2 , an electronic device includes:

[0161] The memory 201 and the processor 202 are communicatively connected to each other, the memory 201 stores computer instructions, and the processor 202 executes the method of restoring the free wind speed of the wind farm operating in complex terrain by executing the computer instructions.

[0162] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring the free wind speed of the operating wind speed in a complex terrain wind farm, characterized in that, Including: Step 1: Select the operation wind speed, wind direction, and active power generation data series of each wind turbine in the wind farm, the wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and air pressure data series of the wind power prediction tower, the numerical weather prediction wind speed and wind direction data series, the actual monthly operation power curve of each wind turbine, the operation data of the previous four for a complete year, and the 1:2000 topographic map measured in the wind farm; Step 2: Based on the selected operation data of the wind farm, divide the wind farm into wind zones according to the wind direction; Step 3: Based on the divided wind zones, select the representative wind turbines representing the wind direction of the wind farm; Step 4: According to the wind direction of the representative wind turbines, construct the wind direction structure of the wind farm, form the wake loss matrix of the wind farm wind direction structure, and conduct consistency inspection and correction of the wake loss matrix results; Step 5: According to the wind direction structure of the wind farm and the corresponding wake loss matrix, restore the operation wind speed of each wind turbine to the free wind speed.

2. The method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm according to claim 1, wherein, The said Step 2 includes: 1) Select the wind direction data series of the wind turbines to form a wind direction sector numerical matrix, including: Taking the wind turbine with the highest annual average wind speed in the wind farm as the benchmark unit, and taking the condition that the wind speed of the benchmark unit is greater than the starting wind speed of 2.5 m / s, select the wind direction sector data of each wind turbine in the wind farm; The 10-minute average wind direction series of N wind turbines form a matrix F = (f ij ) M×N , where M represents the number of time series, N represents the number of wind turbines, f represents the wind direction sector value, and f ij represents the wind direction sector value of the i-th wind turbine and the j-th time period; 2) Selection of wind zone division indicators, including: Based on the phenomena of wind flow lag and terrain disturbance when flowing through the wind farm, statistically for a complete year, the wind turbines with the same or similar wind directions and a frequency of more than 2 / 3 are divided into one wind zone; the wind zone division method is: if the amplitude of the difference between the wind direction sectors of two wind turbines is 1, and the frequency of less than or equal to 1 throughout the year is more than 2 / 3, they belong to the same wind zone; 3) Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix, including: Define the wind direction amplitude as the absolute value of the difference between the wind direction sectors of two wind turbines in the same time period; The calculation method of the wind direction amplitude matrix is as follows: Matrix F = (f ij ) M×N . Taking the k-th fan as an example, calculate whether other fans are in the same wind area as the k-th fan; each column in the matrix represents the wind direction time series of different fans, and the absolute value of the difference between each column of data and the data in the k-th column is taken, that is, a ij = |f ij - f ik | (i = 1, M; j = 1, N) to form matrix A, A = (a ij ) M×N ; 4) Conduct the same wind zone judgment, including: For matrix A, statistically count the frequency of less than or equal to 1 by column, and the columns with a frequency of more than 2 / 3 form one wind zone; 5) Divide the wind zones of the wind farm according to the following steps: Step 1: Select the complete annual operating wind data of N wind turbines in the wind farm, convert the annual wind direction series of N wind turbines into a wind direction sector series, and synchronously select the wind direction series of N turbines when the wind speed of the benchmark turbine is greater than 2.5 m / s. The series has M time periods, and an M×N wind direction matrix F=(f ij ) M×N (i = 1, M; j = 1, N); Step 2: Determine whether the fans in the first column of the matrix belong to the same wind area as other fans; take the absolute value of the difference between the data in each column of the matrix and the data in the first column, that is, a ij = |f ij - f i1 | (i = 1, M; j = 1, N), to form the wind direction amplitude A matrix, A = (a ij ) M×N ; Step three: For the wind direction amplitude A matrix, statistically count the frequency of less than or equal to 1 by column. The wind turbine positions corresponding to the columns with a frequency of more than 2 / 3 form one wind zone. The number of wind turbines forming this wind zone is S1, and this wind zone includes at least the wind turbine with serial number 1 in the matrix; Step 4: Deduct the number of fan units and corresponding positions in the divided wind areas, and form an M×N1 wind direction matrix F1=(f ij ) M×N1 ; Step 5: According to Step 2 and Step 3, by analogy, divide the N wind turbine positions in the wind farm into H wind zones, and the number of wind turbine positions contained in each wind zone is S1, S2, S3, …, S H ; 6) Conduct consistency inspection on the wind zone division of the wind farm, including: According to the wind zone division index selection, if the amplitude of the difference between the wind direction sectors of two wind turbines is 1 and the frequency of less than or equal to 1 throughout the year is more than 2 / 3, they belong to the same wind zone; For the wind direction amplitude formed by the above wind zone division, only judge whether the wind turbines in the first column of the matrix are in the same wind zone as those in other columns, and then deduct the wind turbine positions in the same wind zone, and then judge whether the other wind turbine positions are in the same wind zone; Check whether the other wind turbine positions in the same wind zone belong to the same wind zone as those in other wind zones. If they belong to the same wind zone, merge the two wind zones; 7) The results of the wind zone division of the wind farm. According to the steps of the wind zone division of the wind farm, after the consistency check of the wind zone division, N wind turbine positions of the wind farm are divided into L wind zones, and the wind turbine positions included in each wind zone are QS1, QS2, QS3, …, QS L .

3. The method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm according to claim 2, wherein, The said Step 3 includes: 1) Select the representative wind zone representing the main wind direction of the wind farm, including: For the wind zone division results of the wind farm, the number of turbine positions QS1, QS2, QS3, …, QS contained in each wind zone L , sort them by size, and preferentially select the wind zone with the largest number of wind turbine positions as the representative wind zone; if the number of turbine positions in the selected wind zone cannot reach more than half, then select the wind zones with the largest and the second largest number of turbine positions to form a combined wind zone as the representative wind zone; 2) Representative wind turbine selection judgment indicators, including: Select the wind turbine with an amplitude of 1 for the difference between the wind direction sector and the numerical weather prediction wind direction sector, calculate the frequency of less than or equal to 1 throughout the year, and select the wind turbine with the highest frequency throughout the year as the representative wind turbine; 3) The steps for selecting the representative wind turbine are as follows: Step 1: The wind direction data of wind turbines in the representative wind area form a wind direction matrix; there are N wind turbine positions in the representative wind area, and there are M time periods in the annual wind direction series. Convert the degree wind direction into sector wind direction to form the wind direction matrix FM=(f ij ) M×NN ; for the numerical weather prediction wind direction fy data series with M time periods, convert the degree wind direction into sector wind direction to form the fy i series i = 1, M; Step 2: Calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix of the fan and the numerical weather prediction; for the data in the k-th column of the wind direction matrix FM at the i-th time period f ik and the numerical weather prediction at the i-th time period fy i Take the absolute value of the difference between the data, and calculate the wind direction amplitude matrix B=(b ij =|f ik -fy i | according to the calculation formula, where B=(b ij ) M×NN ; Step three: Statistically count the frequency of less than or equal to 1 by column in the wind direction amplitude matrix B. The frequency of the first column The occurrence frequencies in the second column of P1, P2 in the K-th column, …, PK in the K-th column, …, PNN in the N-th column are selected, and the fan position with the highest frequency is selected as the representative fan position.

4. The method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm according to claim 3, wherein, The method for constructing the wake loss matrix of the wind farm wind direction structure in step 4 includes: Step 1: Select the wind speed and wind direction data series according to the wind direction of the representative fan; for the N wind turbines in the wind farm, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction operation data series for each complete year of each turbine. When a certain wind direction appears at the representative fan, the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data series of the N fans in the wind farm are conditionally selected; Step 2: Calculate the wake loss matrix of the wind farm wind direction structure, including: Taking each wind turbine as a wind measurement tower, using the data series selected in Step 1 as the input, and through the power generation calculation method of the wake model for complex terrain wind farms, calculate the average wake loss of the N units in the wind farm for 16 wind direction sectors, and obtain the wake loss matrix W=(wl ij ) N×16 , forming an average wake loss matrix with N rows and 16 columns, where wl represents the wake loss, and wl ij represents the average wake loss of the i-th wind turbine in the j-th wind direction sector; Step 3: According to the calculation method of the wake loss matrix of the wind farm wind direction structure in step 2, when the representative fan appears in wind direction sectors 0, 1, 2, …, 14, 15, the average wake loss matrices of the 16 wind direction sectors of the N units in the wind farm are W0, W1, …, Wk, …, W14, W15.

5. The method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm according to claim 4, wherein The method for checking and correcting the consistency of the wake loss matrix results in step 4 includes: If the absolute value of the difference between the wake losses calculated twice in the same sector wind direction of the same unit is within the given error range, it is determined that the wake loss results are consistent. The error range is set to 0.5%. Assume the wake loss inspection and judgment of unit a in sector b wind direction: |W 前ab -W 后ab |×p ≤ 0.5%, where W 前ab represents the previously calculated wake loss, W 后ab represents the currently calculated wake loss, and p represents the frequency of unit a in sector b wind direction.

6. The method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm according to claim 5, wherein, The specific steps for checking and correcting the consistency of the wake loss matrix results are as follows: Step 1: Select the wind speed and wind direction data series according to the representative wind turbine direction; for the N wind turbines in the wind farm, for the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction operation data of each wind turbine in a complete year, when the representative wind turbine has M wind directions, conditionally select the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data series of the N wind turbines in the wind farm, and calculate the wake loss matrix W M =(wl ij ) N×16 ; Step 2: For the L wind zones divided in the wind farm, the wind direction sectors with the highest occurrence frequency of any one fan position in each wind zone are selected for consistency inspection; except for the representative fan, select fans a1, a2, a3, …, aL. When the wind direction sector of the representative fan is M, the number of sectors with the highest occurrence frequency of the selected fan positions are M1, M2, M3, …, ML respectively; Step 3: When the wind direction sector M1 appears at fan a1, the 10-minute average wind speed, wind direction data series of the N fans in the wind farm are conditionally selected; Step 4: According to the data series selected in Step 3, statistically calculate the wind direction sector frequency matrix of each fan, P = (p ij ) N×16 , (i = 1, N; j = 0, 15) p represents the frequency of the wind direction in the j-th sector, p ij represents the frequency of the wind direction in the j-th sector of the i-th unit; Step 5: Calculation of the wake loss matrix of the wind direction structure: Each wind turbine serves as a wind measurement tower. Using the data series selected in Step Four as the input, based on the power generation calculation method for the wake loss model of a complex terrain wind farm, calculate the average wake loss of the 16 wind direction sectors of the N wind turbines in the wind farm, and obtain the wake loss matrix WW = (wwl ij ) N×16 . Form an average wake loss matrix with N rows and 16 columns, where wwl represents the wake loss, and wwl ij represents the average wake loss of the i-th wind turbine in the j-th wind direction sector; Step 6: Check the consistency of the wake loss results for the wind direction sector number M1 of fan a1: (1) In the WM matrix, only the wake loss of the wind turbine a1 in the M1 wind direction sectors is retained, and the wake losses in other wind direction sectors are all assigned a value of 0, W M =(wl ij ) N×16 becomes WF M =(wf ij ) N×16 ; (2) Calculate the wake loss deviation matrix; for the WF M matrix and the WW matrix according to the calculation formula WC ij = |wf ij - wwl ij | × p ij Form the wake loss deviation matrix WC = (wc ij ) N×16 ; (3) If each element wc of the wake loss deviation matrix WC ij is less than or equal to 0.5%, the consistency check of the wake loss results meets the requirements, and proceed to step eight; otherwise, refine the wind direction structure of the a1 fan. Step 7: Subdivide the wind direction structure of fan a1 and correct the wake loss deviation matrix, including: On the basis of Step 1, for the wind direction sectors where the frequency of the wind direction selected by the a1 fan is more than 10%, they are respectively M a1 1 、M a1 2 、...、M a1 L-1 , and the other sectors form a combined sector M a1 L ; Select the 10-minute average wind speed and wind direction data series of N wind turbines in the wind farm according to the number of wind direction sectors where the a1 fan appears is M a1 1 , M a1 2 ,..., M a1 L ; According to the number of wind direction sectors where the a1 fan appears being M a1 1 , M a1 2 ,..., M a1 L , calculate the average wake loss matrix of 16 wind direction sectors of N units in the wind farm respectively, and obtain the wake loss matrix W a1 1 , W a1 2 ,..., W a1 L , and replace the wake loss result W M =(wl ij ) N×16 ; Step 8: According to a similar method, perform consistency inspection on the wake loss results of fans a2, a3, …, aL. When the consistency of the wake loss matrix results is not met, subdivide the wind direction structure and correct the results; Step 9: According to the above steps, perform one-time inspection and correction on the results of the 16 wind direction sectors of the representative fan.

7. The method for restoring the free wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm according to claim 6, characterized in that, The said step 5 includes: Step 1: Convert the degree wind direction of the wind direction series of the N fan units in the wind farm into sector wind direction; Step 2: When the wind direction sector k appears at the representative fan, select the 10-minute average wind speed, wind direction data, and active power series of the N fans in the wind farm; Step 3: Select the wake loss matrix W of 16 wind direction sectors of N wind turbines in the wind farm when the representative wind turbine shows wind direction k in the sector k =(wl ij ) N×16 , if there is a wake correction result for the refined wind area structure, then adopt the correction result; Step 4: Run the time series of the average wind speed, wind direction, and active power data of each selected wind turbine for 10 minutes. When the active power is greater than 0 in the m-th time period, look up the wake loss matrix according to the unit number and wind direction. For example, if the wind direction of the L-th wind turbine in the m-th time period is in the c-th sector and the wind speed is V 运ml , look up the wake loss wl of the L-th wind turbine with a wind direction in the c-th sector in the wake loss matrix Wk Lc , according to the calculation formula Restore to the free wind speed V unaffected by the wake 自ml ; Step 5: When the wind direction sectors k of the representative fan are 0, 1, 2, …, 14, 15 respectively, select the operating wind speed, wind direction, and active power series of each wind turbine, and restore the operating wind speed to the free wind speed according to steps 2 to 4.

8. A system for restoring the free wind speed of the operating wind speed in a complex terrain wind farm, characterized in that, It includes a wind speed restoration module, and the wind speed restoration module is used to execute the method for restoring the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm to the free wind speed according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement a method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes: A memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute a method for restoring the free wind speed from the operating wind speed of a complex terrain wind farm as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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