Waste processing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of waste recovery using fermentation plants for the biological decomposition of organic matter and the accompanying production of biogas. The present device contains at least one preliminary processing module connected by a first pipe to at least one anaerobic digestion module connected by a second pipe to at least one digestate module. Disposed in the preliminary processing module are: a heater and, connected to one another in sequence, an organic waste shredder / mixer, a high-pressure homogenizer and a centrifuge. Disposed in the anaerobic digestion module are: a heater and a coiled pipe which is connected to a biogas system module and is configured to permit the generation of electrical energy. The biogas system module is equipped with a gas purifier. Disposed in the digestate module is a membrane bioreactor. The invention makes it possible to reduce the environmental impact of waste processing and is capable of operating under various climatic conditions.

Description

[0001] WASTE PROCESSING DEVICE

[0002] Description of the invention

[0003] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0004] The invention relates to the field of waste utilization by fermentation plants for biological decomposition of organic raw materials and the associated production of biogas. More specifically, the invention relates to a device for biological decomposition of organic material and for producing biogas as a result of said decomposition. The device can operate in various climatic conditions, including in cold extreme climatic zones - moderate and subarctic.

[0005] Prior art

[0006] Most of the known waste recycling containers use methane bioreactors to anaerobic decompose waste.

[0007] The prior art discloses an analog of a device for processing a suspension with anaerobic fermentation of biogas, disclosed in CN 216106569 U, published on 03 / 22 / 2022, which comprises a tank for processing and separating solid and liquid fractions and a fermentation tank, the device for separating solid and liquid fractions is located in the tank for processing the separation of solid and liquid fractions, the device for separating solid and liquid fractions is inclined, the left end of the device for separating solid and liquid fractions is located above the right end of the device for separating solid and liquid fractions, and the right side of the tank for processing the separation of solid and liquid fractions is rigidly connected to a solid transfer pipeline.The solid feed pipe is arranged above the right end of the solid-liquid separation device, a material inlet is formed at the top of the solid feed pipe, a biogas production fermentation tank is arranged on the right side of the solid-liquid separation treatment tank, a biogas storage pressure container is arranged on the right side of the fermentation tank, and the first cleaning tank is arranged on the left side of the solid-liquid separation tank; and the second cleaning tank is rigidly connected below the first cleaning tank, so as to solve the problems that kitchen garbage contains an excessive amount of moisture and organic matter, is easy to rot and creates an unpleasant odor, and that illegal collection and recycling of kitchen garbage may endanger the environment and the health of residents.The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of its design and operation, as well as the impossibility of adapting the device to the required volume of waste.

[0008] The closest analogue from the prior art is a distributed container-type organic waste processing system disclosed in CN216864150 U, published 01.07.2021, providing a distributed container-type organic waste processing system. The system comprises a pre-processing unit, an environmentally friendly feed production unit and a methane production and use unit, which are connected in series, the pre-processing unit comprises an automatic classification machine for sifting organic waste; the environmentally friendly feed production unit comprises a suspension storage device, an ultrasonic treatment apparatus, a built-in bioreactor, a sludge heating cylinder, a sludge drying machine and a granulating machine; the methane production and use unit comprises a methane-generating bioreactor, a bag filter, a hydraulic sealing device, a gas cleaner, a biogas tank and a biogas generator.According to the system, kitchen waste is pre-treated at the source, the retention time of waste is shortened, and the possibility of odor generation is reduced; meanwhile, the containers are arranged in an ascending line, and the occupied area is reduced; the processing capacity of kitchen waste can be increased, the methane capacity can be improved, and zero emission can be achieved; the system has a high resource recovery rate, and environmentally friendly feed can be made by extracting high-protein sediment from kitchen waste and recycling high-protein sediment.

[0009] The disadvantage of this analogue is the inability to process a wide range of waste, high energy consumption, and the inability to operate in cold climates.

[0010] The essence of the invention

[0011] The technical result of the claimed invention is a reduction in the harmful impact on the environment during waste processing.

[0012] The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the waste processing device contains at least one pre-treatment module connected by means of a first pipeline to at least one anaerobic digestion module connected to at least one digestate module by means of a second pipeline, wherein the pre-treatment module contains: a heater, and a sequentially connected organic waste mixer-grinder, a high-pressure pump and homogenizer, and a centrifuge, in which case the anaerobic digestion module contains: a heater, a pipeline in the form of a coil connected to a biogas system module and configured to generate electrical energy, wherein the biogas system module is equipped with a gas cleaner, and a membrane bioreactor is located in the digestate module.In particular, the digestate module is equipped with a solid fraction pipeline and a liquid fraction pipeline, designed with the possibility of returning the organic waste mixture to the pre-treatment module.

[0013] In particular, the pre-treatment module and anaerobic digestion module are equipped with insulation material to prevent heat loss and maintain a stable temperature throughout the process.

[0014] In particular, the pre-processing module is equipped with a data processing system and sensors for temperature, pressure, viscosity, pH, water dosing, reaction catalyst dosing, feeding of bioadditives, and raw material dosing.

[0015] In particular, the anaerobic digestion module is equipped with temperature sensors, a pH sensor, a level sensor, a pressure sensor, the data from which is transmitted to a computer designed to monitor and regulate the parameters of organic waste, a feedback control unit and an organic waste recycling unit.

[0016] In particular, the biogas system module is equipped with a tank, gas cleaner and gas compressor connected in series.

[0017] In particular, the digestate module includes pressure and viscosity sensors.

[0018] List of figures, drawings

[0019] Fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of a waste processing device.

[0020] Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the anaerobic digestion module.

[0021] In Fig. 1, 2 the following is indicated: 1 - pre-treatment module, 2 - anaerobic digestion module, 3 - digestate module, 4 - mixer-grinder, 5 - pump, 6 - high-pressure homogenizer, 7 - centrifuge, 8 - distribution valves, 9 - heater, 10 - solid fraction pipeline, 11 - liquid fraction pipeline, 12 - biogas system module, 13 - coil pipeline, 14 - first pipeline, 15 - second pipeline. Information confirming the possibility of implementing the invention

[0022] The waste processing device comprises at least one pre-treatment module 1, connected by means of a first pipeline 14 to at least one anaerobic digestion module 2, connected to at least one digestate module 3 by means of a second pipeline 15, wherein the pre-treatment module 1 contains: a heater 9, and a sequentially connected organic waste mixer-grinder 4, a pump 5, a high-pressure homogenizer 6 and a centrifuge 7, in which the anaerobic digestion module 2 contains: a heater 9, a pipeline in the form of a coil 13, connected to a biogas system module 12 by means of distribution valves 8, and configured to generate electrical energy, wherein the biogas system module 12 is equipped with a gas cleaner, and a membrane bioreactor is located in the digestate module.

[0023] The digestate module is also equipped with a solid fraction pipeline 10 and a liquid fraction pipeline 11, the pre-treatment module 1 and the anaerobic digestion module 2 are equipped with an insulating material for maintaining a stable temperature throughout the processing process, the pre-treatment module 1 is also equipped with a data processing system and sensors for temperature, pressure, viscosity, pH, water dosing, reaction catalyst dosing, feeding bioadditives, raw material dosing, the anaerobic digestion module 2 is equipped with temperature sensors, a pH Ph sensor, a level sensor, a pressure sensor, a feedback control unit and an organic waste recirculation unit, the biogas system module is equipped with a series-connected tank, a gas cleaner and a gas compressor, the digestate module includes pressure and viscosity sensors.

[0024] The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that organic waste is fed into the mixer-grinder of the pre-treatment module, which undergoes the primary grinding procedure, the entire mixture is mixed to achieve a uniform consistency, after which the organic waste is fed by a pump through the internal pipeline of the pre-treatment module into a high-pressure homogenizer, which subjects them to high pressure and mechanical action. This leads to grinding and disintegration of waste into tiny particles, which helps improve the availability of organic material for biological decomposition and further processing. Using a high-pressure homogenizer as a pre-treatment of organic waste, it is possible to significantly increase the yield of biogas, since organic waste becomes more digestible and is easier to convert into biogas.The optimum parameters of the high pressure homogenizer, such as pressure, temperature, moisture content and pH, may vary depending on the type and composition of organic waste and can be determined using various optimization methods, such as artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). From the high pressure homogenizer, the processed waste enters the anaerobic digestion module through the first pipeline. In the anaerobic digestion module, waste is fermented in a coiled pipeline at an ambient temperature of at least 0 degrees and a pressure of at least 1 atmosphere for a time calculated by the computer while the mixture moves along the coiled pipeline towards the outlet. The temperature in the module is maintained by installing heaters. New waste, which is fed into the coiled pipeline, "pushes" the old waste forward along the pipe, which continues its fermentation process.As the fermentation proceeds, biogas is formed, which accumulates in the pipes and moves through the liquid mixture towards the pipe outlet. The aerobic digestion module contains various sensors and devices to monitor and measure important parameters such as temperature, oxygen level, pH, environment, air flow rate and other factors. These devices allow monitoring and adjusting the conditions inside the module to ensure an optimal aerobic digestion process. As the processed waste is fermented, biogas is formed, which is fed by distribution valves to the biogas system module, which includes a gas storage tank, which can be made in the form of a pipe of a wider diameter and is designed to collect and store biogas released as a result of anaerobic digestion of organic waste.The tank is usually equipped with control and safety devices such as pressure gauges, safety valves and relief systems to prevent unwanted pressure increases or the formation of explosive mixtures. The biogas then passes through a scrubber designed to remove impurities from the emitted biogas. The scrubber may include filters, sorbents or other air cleaning systems to treat and clean the biogas. The scrubber is connected to a gas compressor responsible for compressing the biogas to the required pressure before feeding it into the energy system.

[0025] The processed and fermented waste enters the digestate module for separation into liquid and solid fractions. The main element of the digestate module is the membrane bioreactor, which serves for further decomposition and processing of the digestate. The membrane bioreactor is a container where the biological process of anaerobic decomposition of residual organic materials takes place. Organic waste entering the digestate module may contain a solid fraction, in the form of remaining organic waste, insoluble materials or other solid particles. The digestate module can also be equipped with sensors that monitor various parameters inside the bioreactor, such as pressure, temperature, pH, etc. These sensors provide information for monitoring and optimizing the anaerobic decomposition process. Two pipelines exit the digestate module. One pipeline is intended for the liquid fraction, and the other for the solid fraction.The digestate module shall include a system for separating and cleaning the digestate and for recycling, disposing of or using it as a fertilizer or soil conditioner, which shall include a composting or drying mechanism to stabilize and reduce the volume of the solid fraction, which can be used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. The system shall also have a nitrification-denitrification system or membrane bioreactor to treat and remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the liquid fraction, which can be reused in the unit as inoculum or co-substrate.

[0026] In case of necessity to remove the solid fraction of processed waste from the system, this waste enters the centrifuge of the pre-treatment module through the solid fraction pipeline for the fractionation procedure and is subjected to intensive rotation, which creates a strong centrifugal force. The centrifuge is set with the parameters for the required water content to stop the intensive rotation process. This allows the mixture to be divided into solid and liquid fractions.

[0027] Thus, the process of movement of organic waste when entering the pre-treatment module is as follows: a) - Organic waste enters the mixer-grinder, which grinds the waste into a homogeneous mass. b) - Organic waste is fed into a pump, which increases the pressure of the liquid to the desired level, which can be from 1 to 1500 bar. c) - The pressurized liquid is then forced through a narrow gap or nozzle of the homogenizer, where it experiences a sudden pressure drop and high shear force. d) - The pressure drop and shear force cause turbulence, cavitation and implosion in the homogenizer, which breaks down the cell walls and complex molecules of the organic waste into smaller fragments.e) - As a result, the homogenizer produces liquid organic waste, which is a homogeneous mixture of small particles and soluble molecules that have a larger surface area and higher accessibility for enzymes and microorganisms involved in the anaerobic digestion process. f) - The homogenized liquid waste then enters the aerobic digestion module, where it undergoes four stages of anaerobic digestion: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, resulting in the formation of biogas containing methane and carbon dioxide. d) - The biogas formed as a result of the fermentation of organic waste enters the biogas system module for its purification and further use. h) - The processed organic waste from the anaerobic digestion module enters the digestate module, where it is separated into solid and liquid fractions.

[0028] The waste processing device described above is an environmentally friendly solution for the disposal of organic waste. Firstly, it is based on anaerobic digestion, which means that the recycling process occurs without access to oxygen. This avoids the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere.

[0029] The anaerobic digestion process also produces biogas, which is made up primarily of methane, a renewable and clean energy source. Biogas can be used to produce electricity, heat, or even fuel for vehicles, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0030] Another aspect of the eco-efficiency of this device is its ability to process organic waste and transform it into valuable products. The liquid fraction obtained after anaerobic digestion can be used to produce fertilizers, which reduces the need for chemical fertilizers and prevents pollution of soil and water bodies.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A waste processing device comprising at least one pre-treatment module connected via a first pipeline to at least one anaerobic digestion module connected to at least one digestate module via a second pipeline, wherein the pre-treatment module comprises: a heater, and a sequentially connected organic waste mixer-grinder, a high-pressure pump and homogenizer, and a centrifuge, and the anaerobic digestion module comprises: a heater, a pipeline in the form of a coil connected to a biogas system module and capable of generating electrical energy, wherein the biogas system module is equipped with a gas cleaner, and a membrane bioreactor is located in the digestate module.

2. The device according to item 1, characterized in that the digestate module is equipped with a solid fraction pipeline and a liquid fraction pipeline, designed with the possibility of returning the organic waste mixture to the centrifuge located in the pre-treatment module.

3. The device according to item 1, characterized in that the pre-treatment module and the anaerobic digestion module are equipped with insulating material to prevent maintaining a stable temperature throughout the entire process.

4. The device according to item 1, characterized in that the pre-processing module is equipped with a data processing system and sensors for temperature, pressure, viscosity, pH, water dosing, reaction catalyst dosing, feeding of bioadditives, and raw material dosing.

5. The device according to item 1, characterized in that the anaerobic digestion module is equipped with temperature sensors, a pH sensor, a level sensor, a pressure sensor, the data from which are transmitted to a computer designed for monitoring and adjusting the parameters of organic waste, a feedback control unit and an organic waste recycling unit.

6. The device according to item 1, characterized in that the biogas system module is equipped with a series-connected tank, gas cleaner and gas compressor.

7. The device according to item 1, characterized in that the digestate module includes pressure and viscosity sensors.

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