Air curable olefin / silane interpolymer compositions
The combination of olefin/silane interpolymer, Tempo compound, and peroxide in the composition addresses the challenge of high crosslinking rates and non-tacky surfaces, enhancing curing efficiency and suitability for automotive applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/070102
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing olefin-based polymer compositions face challenges in achieving high crosslinking rates while preventing tacky surfaces, especially when oxygen is present during the curing process, as radical scavengers or oxygen-resistant peroxides can reduce curing speed or fail to produce non-tacky surfaces consistently.
A composition comprising olefin/silane interpolymer, a Tempo compound, and peroxide, optionally with an oxygen-resistant peroxide composition, which allows for improved curing speeds and non-tacky surfaces without the need for excessive radical scavengers.
The composition achieves fast curing rates and non-tacky surfaces in crosslinked products, minimizing the use of costly anti-tackiness additives and is suitable for automotive applications and ultra-lightweight parts.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024070102-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024070102-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024070102-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
AIR CURABLE OLEFIN / SILANE INTERPOLYMER COMPOSITIONSBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Peroxide-crosslinked polymers are known to have superior properties, as compared to sulfur-cured EPDM, including high heat aging resistance, low compression set, low VOC / odor, and easy production of colored products, which have color stability during cross-linking and long periods of use. The cross-linked carbon-carbon bonds from peroxide curing are responsible for the improved aging and compression set properties, compared to those through the sulfur containing linkages. However, the drawback for the cure of polymers with free radicals from organic peroxides, is that, if air is not excluded during cure, the cure inhibition by oxygen (O2) will result in a tacky surface on the crosslinked product. To avoid a tacky surface, free radical scavengers or oxygen-resistant peroxide compositions have been developed for the hot-air curing process, to prevent the cure inhibition caused by oxygen. This approach allows the manufacturers to use their existing hot air curing chambers to produce the parts, reducing the cost and the complexity of redesigning air-free manufacturing equipment.
[0002] However, it was discovered that some radical scavengers may significantly reduce the curing speed of the formulation, especially if more of the scavenger is needed to achieve a non-tacky surface. A reduced curing speed will negatively impact the effectiveness of the crosslinking reaction and the cycle time of part manufacturing. Also, depending on the curing condition and polymer type, the use of an oxygen-resistant peroxide composition does not always produce a non-tacky surface. There is a need for olefin-based polymers formulations that can be crosslinked with organic peroxides, and that afford improved crosslinking rates and form non-tacky surfaces in the final crosslinked product.
[0003] U.S. Publication 2020 / 0263018 discloses a composition comprises the following: (A) an ethylene / alpha-olefin / diene interpolymer; (B) a peroxide comprising at least one peroxide bond; and (C) a bis-TEMPO compound having the Structure (I) , as described therein. The ratio of the molar amount of nitroxide groups of component (C) to the molar amount of the peroxide bonds of component (B) is from 0.100: 1.000 to 2.000: 1.000. See abstract.
[0004] U.S. Publication 2004 / 0180985 discloses compositions that comprise mixtures of at least one compound selected from silicone elastomers; bis-, tri-or higher polymaleimides; and / or bis-, tri-or higher polyciraconimides; and at least one compound selected from p-phenylene-diamine based antiozonants; and sulfur compounds capable of accelerating the sulfur vulcanization of polymers. When such a mixture is compounded into polymers, curable by free radical initiators, it is disclosed that substantially tack free surface results from the cure of the polymers in the presence of molecular oxygen. See abstract.
[0005] U.S. Publication 2011 / 0147986 discloses organic peroxides of the dialcyl, perester, perketal, and dialkyl classes, which were modified to resist to oxygen, and to be used in the production of power wires and cables; and shapes, flocculated, compact and spongeous, used for the sealing of doors, trunks and windows in the automobile industry and in civil construction. The modified peroxides are used in a continuous vulcanization in a hot air tunnel, in presence of oxygen. See abstract.
[0006] International Publication WO2021 / 258328 discloses a process to form a crosslinked composition, the process comprising thermally treating a composition that comprises the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) optionally, at least one crosslinking coagent (see abstract) .
[0007] International Publication WO2023 / 108587 discloses a composition that comprises the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer comprising at least one Si-H group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) at least one crosslinking coagent, wherein the composition has a mole ratio of active oxygen atom to carbon-carbon double bond of > 0.02 and < 0.7, based on the active oxygen atom content of component b and the carbon-carbon double bond content of component c. See abstract.
[0008] Additional compositions are described in the following references: U.S. Patent 4070329, U.S. Patent 5741858, U.S. Patent 6642254, U.S. Patent 7897689, U.S. Patent 7897689, U.S. Patent 8211982, U.S. Patent 8318864, U.S. Patent 8609779, U.S. Patent 9012563, U.S. Publication 2004 / 0132912.
[0009] However, as discussed above, there remains a need for olefin-based polymer compositions that can be crosslinked with peroxide at high crosslinking rates, and that result in crosslinked parts with non-tacky surfaces. This need has met as discussed below.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] In a first aspect, a composition comprising at least the following components a through c as follows:
[0011] a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;
[0012] b) at least one tempo compound;
[0013] c) at least one peroxide.
[0014] In a second aspect, a composition comprising at least the following components a and z as follows:
[0015] a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;
[0016] z) at least one oxygen-resistant peroxide composition comprising at least one peroxide.
[0017] DETAILED DRESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] Olefin-based polymer compositions have been discovered that show unexpected advantages over the other compositions during a hot-air, peroxide cure process. Such compositions allowed for a reduced amount of a radical scavenger or an oxygen-resistant peroxide composition in the formulation, resulting in improved curing speeds and / or non-tacky surfaces in the crosslinked product. The compositions will help to minimize the usage of costly anti-tackiness additives, and are especially useful for automotive weatherstripping applications and ultra-lightweight and durable automotive parts.
[0019] As discussed, in a first aspect, a composition is provided comprising at least the following components a through c as follows:
[0020] a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;
[0021] b) at least one tempo compound;
[0022] c) at least one peroxide.
[0023] Also, in a second aspect, a composition is provided comprising at least the following components a and z as follows:
[0024] a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;
[0025] z) at least one oxygen-resistant peroxide composition comprising at least one peroxide.
[0026] Each composition may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, each as described herein. Each component of each composition may independently comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, each as described herein. As used herein, in regard to the sub structures of Formula 1, R1 = R1 and R2 = R2. Also, in reference to Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC (see component b) , R1 = R1, R2 = R2, R3 = R3, etc.. Also, in regard to the number of carbon atoms in a chemical substituent, the notation, for example, “C1-C18, ” where “1 through 18” represents consecutive numbers from 1 to 18, refers to “from 1 to 18 carbon atoms” that may be present in the substituent. An “alkyl” group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or any combination thereof. An “alkylene” group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or any combination thereof.
[0027] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component b is present in an amount ≥ 0.10, or ≥ 0.12, or ≥ 0.14, or ≥ 0.16, or ≥ 0.18, or ≥ 0.20, or ≥ 0.22, or ≥ 0.24 phr, based on 100 parts of component a. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component b is present in an amount ≤ 0.80, or ≤ 0.78, or ≤ 0.76, or ≤ 0.74, or ≤ 0.72, or ≤ 0.70 or ≤ 0.68, or ≤ 0.66, or ≤0.64, or ≤ 0.62, or ≤ 0.60, or ≤ 0.58, or ≤ 0.56, or ≤ 0.54, or ≤ 0.52, or ≤ 0.50 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0028] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the molar ratio of the NO·from the at least one Tempo compound (component b) to the peroxide (O-O) bonds from the at least one peroxide (component c) is ≥ 0.09, or ≥ 0.10, or ≥0.11, ≥ 0.12, or ≥ 0.13, or ≥ 0.14, or ≥ 0.15, or ≥ 0.16, or ≥ 0.17, ≥ 0.18, or ≥ 0.19, or ≥ 0.20. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the molar ratio of the NO·from the at least one Tempo compound (component b) to the peroxide (O-O) bonds from the at least one peroxide (component c) is ≤ 0.60, or ≤ 0.58, or ≤ 0.56, or ≤0.54, or ≤ 0.52, or ≤ 0.50, or ≤ 0.48, or ≤ 0.46, or ≤ 0.44, or ≤ 0.42, or ≤ 0.40.
[0029] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component z is present in an amount ≥ 0.50, or ≥ 0.55, or ≥ 0.60, or ≥ 0.65, or ≥ 0.70, or ≥ 0.75, or ≥ 0.80, or ≥ 0.85, or ≥ 0.90 or ≥ 0.95, or ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.1 or ≥ 1.2 phr, based on 100 parts of component a. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component z is present in an amount ≤ 3.0, or ≤ 2.8, or ≤ 2.6, or ≤ 2.4, or ≤ 2.2, or ≤ 2.0 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0030] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component a has a density ≥ 0.854 g / cc, or ≥ 0.856 g / cc, or ≥ 0.858 g / cc, or ≥ 0.860 g / cc, or ≥ 0.862 g / cc, or ≥ 0.864 g / cc, or ≥ 0.866 g / cc, or ≥ 0.868 g / cc, or ≥ 0.869 g / cc, or ≥ 0.870 g / cc (1 cc= 1 cm3) . In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component a has a density ≤ 0.940 g / cc, or ≤ 0.930 g / cc, or ≤ 0.925 g / cc, or ≤ 0.920 g / cc, or ≤ 0.915 g / cc, or ≤ 0.910 g / cc, or ≤ 0.905 g / cc, or ≤ 0.900 g / cc, or ≤ 0.895 g / cc, or ≤ 0.890 g / cc, or ≤ 0.885 g / cc, or ≤ 0.880 g / cc.
[0031] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer is an ethylene / silane interpolymer. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the at least one ethylene / silane interpolymer is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.
[0032] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition comprises two or more olefin / silane interpolymers as component a, further two or more ethylene / silane interpolymers as component a, further two or more ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymers or terpolymers as component a.
[0033] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition comprises two olefin / silane interpolymers as component a, further two ethylene / silane interpolymers as component a, further two ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymers or terpolymers as component a.
[0034] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition comprises only one olefin / silane interpolymer as component a, further only one ethylene / silane interpolymer as component a, further only one ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or terpolymer as component a.
[0035] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the silane of the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is derived from a silane monomer selected from Formula 1: A- (SiBC-O) x-Si-EFH (Formula 1) , as described herein.
[0036] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, Formula 1 is selected from compounds sl) through s16) , each as described herein.
[0037] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, ≥ 0.10 wt%, or ≥ 0.20 wt%, or ≥ 0.40 wt%, ≥ 0.50 wt%, or ≥ 0.60 wt%, or ≥ 0.80 wt%, or ≥ 1.0 wt%, or ≥ 1.1 wt%, or ≥ 1.2 wt%, or ≥ 1.3 wt%, or ≥ 1.4 wt%, or ≥ 1.5 wt%, or ≥ 1.6 wt%, or ≥ 1.8 wt%of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the at least one interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, ≤ 40 wt%, or ≤ 30 wt%, or ≤ 20 wt%, or ≤ 10 wt%, or ≤ 9.0 wt%, or ≤ 8.0 wt%, or ≤ 7.0 wt%, or ≤ 6.0 wt%, or ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 4.0 wt%of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer.
[0038] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the at least one tempo compound is selected from Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC, each as described herein.
[0039] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the weight ratio of component a to component b is ≥ 50, or ≥ 60, or ≥ 70, or ≥ 80, or ≥90, or ≥ 100, or ≥ 110, or ≥ 120, or ≥ 130 and / or ≤ 500, or ≤ 480, or ≤ 460, or ≤ 440, or ≤ 420, or ≤ 410, or ≤ 400.
[0040] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the weight ratio of component a to component c is ≥ 50, or ≥ 60, or ≥ 70, or ≥ 75, or ≥ 80, or ≥ 85, or ≥ 90 and / or ≤ 200, or ≤ 190, or ≤ 180 or ≤ 170, or ≤ 160, or ≤ 155, or ≤ 150, or ≤ 145, or ≤ 140, or ≤ 135.
[0041] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition comprises≥ 90.0 wt%, or ≥ 92.0 wt%, or ≥ 94.0 wt%, or ≥ 95.0 wt%, or ≥ 95.5 wt%, or ≥ 96.0 wt%or ≥ 96.5 wt%, or ≥ 97.0 wt% and / or ≤ 100.0 wt%, or ≤ 99.5 wt%, or ≤ 99.0 wt%of the sum of components a, b and c, based on the weight of the composition.
[0042] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the weight ratio of component c to component b is ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.1, or ≥ 1.2, or ≥ 1.3, or ≥ 1.4 and / or ≤ 10, or ≤ 7.0, or ≤ 4.0, or ≤ 3.8, or ≤ 3.6, or ≤ 3.4, or ≤ 3.2, or ≤ 3.1.
[0043] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the weight ratio of component a to component z is ≥ 20, or ≥ 22, or ≥ 25, or ≥ 28, or ≥30, or ≥ 32 and / or ≤ 200, or ≤ 150, or ≤ 100, or ≤ 90, or ≤ 85, or ≤ 80, or ≤ 78, or ≤ 76, or ≤74, or ≤ 72, or ≤ 70, or ≤ 68.
[0044] In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition comprises ≥ 90.0 wt%, or ≥ 92.0 wt%, or ≥ 94.0 wt%, or ≥ 95.0 wt%, or ≥ 96.0 wt%, or ≥ 96.5 wt%or ≥ 97.0 wt%, or ≥ 97.5 wt% and / or ≤ 100.0 wt%, or ≤ 99.8 wt%, or ≤ 99.5 wt%of the sum of components a and z, based on the weight of the composition.
[0045] Also provided is a crosslinked composition formed from a composition of an embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the crosslinked composition has an H1714 / H1465 value ≤ 0.050, or ≤ 0.045, or ≤ 0.040, or ≤ 0.035, or ≤ 0.030, or ≤ 0.025, where the H1714 value and the H1465 value are determined by the FTIR-ATR method described herein. In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the crosslinked composition has a RD value ≤ 10%, or ≤8.0%, or ≤ 6.0%, or ≤ 5.5%, or ≤ 5.0%, or ≤ 4.5%, or ≤ 4.0%, where the RD value is determined by the FTIR-ATR method described herein.
[0046] Also provided is an article comprising at least one component formed from a composition of an embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein.
[0047] Also provided is an article comprising at least one component formed from a crosslinked composition of an embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein.
[0048] Also provided is a method of forming a crosslinked composition, said method comprising mixing the composition of an embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein.
[0049] Peroxides (Component c)
[0050] As used herein, a peroxide contains at least one oxygen-oxygen bond (O-O) . Peroxides include, but are not limited to, dialkyl, diary 1, dialkaryl, or diaralkyl peroxide, having the same or differing respective alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl moieties, and further each dialkyl, diaryl, dialkaryl, or diaralkyl peroxide, having the same respective alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl moieties.
[0051] Exemplary organic peroxides include dicumyl peroxide ( "DCP" ) ; tert-butyperoxy-benzoate; di-tert-amyl peroxide ( "DTAP" ) ; bis (t-butyl-peroxy isopropyl) benzene ( "BIPB" ) ; isopropylcumyl t-butyl peroxide; t-butylcumylperoxide; di-t-butyl peroxide; 2, 5-bis (t-butylperoxy) -2, 5-dimethylhexane; 2, 5-bis (t-butylperoxy) -2, 5-dimethylhexyne-3; 1, 1-bis (t-butyl-peroxy) -3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane; isopropylcumyl cumylperoxide; buty-l 4, 4-di (tert-butylperoxy) valerate; di (isopropylcumyl) peroxide; 1, l-di- (tert-butylperoxy) -cyclohexane ( "LUPEROX 331" ) ; 1, 1-di- (tert-amylperoxy) cyclohexane ( "LUPEROX 531" ) ; tert-butylperoxyacetate ( "TBPA" ) ; tert-amyl peroxyacetate ( "TAPA" ) ; 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane ( "LUPEROX 101" ) ; tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate ( "TBEC" ) ; and mixtures of two or more thereof.
[0052] The peroxide may be a cyclic peroxide. Examples of cyclic peroxides include those derived from acetone, methylamyl ketone, methylheptyl ketone, methylhexyl ketone, methylpropyl ketone, methylbutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methylethyl ketone, methyloctyl ketone, methylnonyl ketone, methyldecyl ketone, methylundecyl ketone and combinations thereof, among others. The cyclic peroxides can be used alone or in combination with one another. A number of cyclic peroxides are commercially available, for example, under the tradename TRIGONOX, such as 3, 6, 9-triethyl-3, 6, 9-trimethyl-1, 4, 7-triperoxonane.
[0053] Crosslinking Coagents (Component d)
[0054] Crosslinking coagents, include, but are not limited to, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) , triallyl cyanurate (TAC) , triallyl trimellitate (TATM) , trimethylolpropane triacylate (TMPTA) , trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate (TMPTMA) , 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol penta acrylate, tris- (2-hydroxy ethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate, trivinyl cyclohexane (TVCH) , or combinations thereof. Additional coagents include alkenyl-functional monocyclic organosiloxanes, as disclosed in WO 2019 / 000311 and WO 2019 / 000654, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety (for example, a monocyclic organosiloxane of the formula [R1, R2SiO2 / 2] n, wherein subscript n is an integer greater than or equal to 3; each R1 is independently a (C2-C4) alkenyl or a H2C=C (R1a) -C (=O) -O- (CH2) m-wherein R1a is H or methyl and subscript m is an integer from 1 to 4; and each R2 is independently H, (C1-C4) alkyl, phenyl, or R1; for example 2, 4, 6, 8-tetramethyl-2, 4, 6, 8-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane; 2, 4, 6-trimethyl-2, 4, 6-trivinyl-cyclotrisiloxane, or a combination thereof) .
[0055] DEFINITIONS
[0056] Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight, and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.
[0057] The term "composition, " as used herein, includes a mixture of materials, which comprise the composition, as well as reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition. Any reaction product or decomposition product is typically present in trace or residual amounts.
[0058] The term "polymer, " as used herein, refers to a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing monomers, whether of the same or a different type. The generic term polymer thus includes the term homopolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities can be incorporated into the polymer structure) , and the term interpolymer as defined hereinafter. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, can be incorporated into and / or within the polymer. Typically, a polymer is stabilized with very low amounts ( “ppm” amounts) of one or more stabilizers, such as one or more antioxidants.
[0059] The term "interpolymer, " as used herein, refers to a polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. The term interpolymer thus includes the term copolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from more than two different types of monomers.
[0060] The term “olefin-based polymer, ” as used herein, refers to a polymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority weight percent of an olefin, such as ethylene or propylene (based on the weight of the polymer) , and optionally may comprise one or more comonomers.
[0061] The term "propylene-based polymer, " as used herein, refers to a polymer that comprises, in polymerized form, a majority weight percent of propylene (based on the weight of the polymer) , and optionally may comprise one or more comonomers.
[0062] The term "ethylene-based polymer, " as used herein, refers to a polymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority weight percent of ethylene (based on the weight of the polymer) , and optionally may comprise one or more comonomers.
[0063] The term "ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer, " as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority weight percent of ethylene (based on the weight of the interpolymer) , and an alpha-olefin. The alpha-olefin is randomly distributed within the interpolymer. The term, "ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, " as used herein, refers to a copolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority amount of ethylene monomer (based on the weight of the copolymer) , and an alpha-olefin, as the only two monomer types. The alpha-olefin is randomly distributed within the copolymer.
[0064] The term "olefin / silane interpolymer, " as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority weight percent of an olefin (based on the weight of the interpolymer) , and a silane monomer. The silane monomer is randomly distributed within the interpolymer. The olefin / silane interpolymer is formed by the copolymerization of at least the olefin and the silane monomer. An example of a silane monomer is depicted in Formula 1, as described herein.
[0065] The term "ethylene / silane interpolymer, " as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority weight percent of ethylene (based on the weight of the interpolymer) , and a silane monomer. The silane monomer is randomly distributed within the interpolymer. The ethylene / silane interpolymer is formed by the copolymerization of at least the ethylene and the silane monomer. An example of a silane monomer is depicted in Formula 1, as described herein.
[0066] The term "ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, " as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority weight percent of ethylene (based on the weight of the interpolymer) , an alpha-olefin, and a silane monomer. The alpha-olefin and silane monomer are randomly distributed within the interpolymer. The ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer is formed by the copolymerization of at least the ethylene, the alpha-olefin and the silane monomer. An example of a silane monomer is depicted in Formula 1, as described herein.
[0067] The term "ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer, " as used herein, refers to a terpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt%or a majority weight percent of ethylene (based on the weight of the terpolymer) , an alpha-olefin, and a silane monomer as the only three monomer types. The alpha-olefin and silane monomer are randomly distributed within the terpolymer. The ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer is formed by the copolymerization of the ethylene, the alpha-olefin and the silane monomer, as the only three monomer types. An example of a silane monomer is depicted in Formula 1, as described herein.
[0068] The phrase “a majority weight percent, ” as used herein, in reference to a polymer (or interpolymer, terpolymer or copolymer) , refers to the amount of monomer present in the greatest amount in the polymer.
[0069] The term “tempo compound, ” as used herein, refers to a chemical compound or structure that comprises at least one of the following chemical group: where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each, independently, H or an alkyl (for example, a C1-C18 alkyl) ; and the notation represents the attachment of this chemical group to another chemical group, to a chemical structure, or to an atom.
[0070] The term “oxygen-resistant peroxide composition, ” as used herein, refers to a composition comprising at least one peroxide and typically one or more additives, and which composition shows an increased resistance to molecular oxygen, in order to reduce cure inhibition due to oxygen in a polymer composition (for example, a composition containing an olefin-based polymer, during the crosslinking of the polymer in typically a hot air tunnel) , as compared to, for example, a similar composition that contains a peroxide and not an oxygen-resistant peroxide composition.
[0071] The term "heteroatom, " as used herein, refers to an atom other than hydrogen or carbon (for example, O, S, N or P) . The term "heteroatom group" refers to a heteroatom or a chemical group containing one or more heteroatoms.
[0072] The terms "hydrocarbon, " "hydrocarbyl, " and similar terms, as used herein, refer to a respective compound or chemical group, etc., containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. A divalent "hydrocarbylene group" is defined in similar manner.
[0073] The terms “silane, ” “silane monomer, ” “silane compound, ” or similar terms, as used herein, refer to an organic compound comprising at least one SiH group. Typically the molecular weight of such a compound is ≤ 1000 g / mol.
[0074] The term “silane compound comprising a hydrolyzable organic group, ” as used herein, refers to a silane compound in which one or more of hydrogen atoms of the SiH group (s) is / are substituted with a hydrolyzable organic group.
[0075] The terms “thermally treating, ” “thermally treated, ” “thermal treatment, ” and similar terms, as used herein, in reference to, for example, a composition comprising an olefin / silane interpolymer as discussed herein, refer to increasing the temperature of the composition by the application of heat. As an example, heat may be applied by electrical means (for example, a heating coil) and / or by radiation and / or by hot oil and / or by mechanical shearing. Note, the temperature at which the thermal treatment takes place, refers to the temperature of the “heat-applying” device, or, if the device contains an enclosed or semi-enclosed atmosphere, the temperature of the atmosphere within the device, such as, for example, the atmosphere within an oven or a tunnel (for example, the air temperature in an hot air oven or a hot air tunnel) .
[0076] The term "alkenyl group, " as used herein, refers to an organic chemical group that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) . In a preferred embodiment, the alkenyl group is a hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and further containing only one carbon-carbon double bond.
[0077] The terms "heterohydrocarbon, " "heterohydrocarbyl, " and similar terms, as used herein, refer to a respective hydrocarbon, " or "hydrocarbyl group, etc., in which at least one carbon atom is substituted with a heteroatom group (for example, O, S, N or P) . The monovalent heterohydrocarbyl group may be bonded to the remaining compound of interest via a carbon atom or via a heteroatom. A divalent "heterohydrocarbylene group" is defined in similar manner; and the divalent heterohydrocarbylene group may be bonded to the remaining compound of interest via two carbon atoms, or two heteroatoms, or a carbon atom and a heteroatom.
[0078] The terms "substituted hydrocarbon, " "substituted hydrocarbyl group, " and similar terms, as used herein, refer to a respective hydrocarbon or hydrocarbyl group, etc., in which one or more hydrogen atoms is / are independently substituted with a heteroatom group. The terms "substituted heterohydrocarbon, " "substituted heterohydrocarbyl group, " etc., are similarly defined.
[0079] The terms "substituted aryl, " "substituted aryl group, " and similar terms, as used herein, refer to an aryl group, etc., in which one or more hydrogen atoms is / are independently substituted with a heteroatom group.
[0080] The term “crosslinked composition, ” and similar terms, as used herein, refer to a composition that has a network structure due to the formation of chemical bonds between polymer chains. The degree of formation of this network structure is indicated by an increase in the “MH-ML” differential, relative to the non-crosslinked composition.
[0081] The terms "comprising, " "including, " "having, " and their derivatives, are not intended to exclude the presence of any additional component, step or procedure, whether the same is specifically disclosed. In order to avoid any doubt, all compositions claimed through use of the term “comprising” may include any additional additive, adjuvant, or compound, whether polymeric or otherwise, unless stated to the contrary. In contrast, the term, “consisting essentially of” excludes from the scope of any succeeding recitation any other component, step or procedure, excepting those that are not essential to operability. The term “consisting of” excludes any component, step or procedure, not specifically delineated or listed.
[0082] Listing of Some Composition and Process Features
[0083] A] A composition comprising at least the following components a through c as follows:
[0084] a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;
[0085] b) at least one tempo compound;
[0086] c) at least one peroxide.
[0087] B] The composition of A] above, wherein component b is present in an amount ≥ 0.10, or ≥ 0.12, or ≥ 0.14, or ≥ 0.16, or ≥ 0.18, or ≥ 0.20, or ≥ 0.22, or ≥ 0.24 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0088] C] The composition of A] or B] above, wherein component b is present in an amount ≤ 0.80, or ≤ 0.78, or ≤ 0.76, or ≤ 0.74, or ≤ 0.72, or ≤ 0.70 or ≤ 0.68, or ≤ 0.66, or ≤ 0.64, or ≤ 0.62, or ≤ 0.60, or ≤ 0.58, or ≤ 0.56, or ≤ 0.54, or ≤ 0.52, or ≤ 0.50 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0089] D] The composition of any one of A] -C] (A] through C] ) above, wherein the molar ratio of the NO·from the at least one Tempo compound (component b) to the peroxide (O-O) bonds from the at least one peroxide (component c) is ≥ 0.09, or ≥ 0.10, or ≥ 0.11, ≥ 0.12, or ≥ 0.13, or ≥ 0.14, or ≥ 0.15, or ≥ 0.16, or ≥ 0.17, ≥ 0.18, or ≥ 0.19, or ≥ 0.20.
[0090] E] The composition of any one of A] -D] above, wherein the molar ratio of the NO·from the at least one Tempo compound (component b) to the peroxide (O-O) bonds from the at least one peroxide (component c) is ≤ 0.60, or ≤ 0.58, or ≤ 0.56, or ≤ 0.54, or ≤ 0.52, or ≤ 0.50, or ≤0.48, or ≤ 0.46, or ≤ 0.44, or ≤ 0.42, or ≤ 0.40.
[0091] F] A composition comprising at least the following components a and z as follows:
[0092] a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;
[0093] z) at least one oxygen-resistant peroxide composition comprising at least one peroxide.
[0094] G] The composition of F] above, wherein component z is present in an amount ≥ 0.50, or ≥ 0.55, or ≥ 0.60, or ≥ 0.65, or ≥ 0.70, or ≥ 0.75, or ≥ 0.80, or ≥ 0.85, or ≥ 0.90 or ≥ 0.95, or ≥1.0, or ≥ 1.1 or ≥ 1.2 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0095] H] The composition of F] or G] above, wherein component z is present in an amount ≤ 3.0, or ≤ 2.8, or ≤ 2.6, or ≤ 2.4, or ≤ 2.2, or ≤ 2.0 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0096] I] The composition of any one of A] -H above, wherein component a has a density ≥ 0.854 g / cc, or ≥ 0.856 g / cc, or ≥ 0.858 g / cc, or ≥ 0.860 g / cc, or ≥ 0.862 g / cc, or ≥ 0.864 g / cc, or ≥ 0.866 g / cc, or ≥ 0.868 g / cc, or ≥ 0.869 g / cc, or ≥ 0.870 g / cc (1 cc = 1 cm3) .
[0097] J] The composition of any one of A] -I] above, wherein component a has a density ≤ 0.940 g / cc, or ≤ 0.930 g / cc, or ≤ 0.925 g / cc, or ≤ 0.920 g / cc, or ≤ 0.915 g / cc, or ≤ 0.910 g / cc, or ≤ 0.905 g / cc, or ≤ 0.900 g / cc, or ≤ 0.895 g / cc, or ≤ 0.890 g / cc, or ≤ 0.885 g / cc, or ≤ 0.880 g / cc.
[0098] K] The composition of any one of A] -J] above, wherein component a has a melt index (I2) ≥ 0.01 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.02 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.05 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.10 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.20 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.30 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.40 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.50 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.60 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.70 g / 10 min, or ≥ 0.80 g / 10 min.
[0099] L] The composition of any one of A] -K] above, wherein component a has a melt index (I2) ≤ 100 g / 10 min, or ≤ 80 g / 10 min, or ≤ 50 g / 10 min, or ≤ 40 g / 10 min, or ≤ 30 g / 10 min, or ≤ 28 g / 10 min, or ≤ 25 g / 10 min, or ≤ 22 g / 10 min, or ≤ 20 g / 10 min, or ≤ 18 g / 10 min, or ≤ 17 g / 10 min, or ≤ 16 g / 10 min.
[0100] M] The composition of any one of A] -L] above, wherein component a has a molecular weight distribution (MWD = Mw / Mn) ≥ 1.4, or ≥ 1.5, or ≥ 1.6, or ≥ 1.8, or ≥ 1.9, or ≥ 2.0, or ≥2.1.
[0101] N] The composition of any one of A] -M] above, wherein component a has a molecular weight distribution (MWD = Mw / Mn) ≤ 5.0, or ≤ 4.5, or ≤ 4.0, or ≤ 3.8, or ≤ 3.6, or ≤ 3.4, or ≤ 3.2, or ≤ 3.0.
[0102] O] The composition of any one of A] -N] above, wherein component a has a number average molecular weight (Mn) ≥ 2,000, or ≥ 5,000, or ≥ 10,000, or ≥ 15,000, or ≥ 18,000, or ≥ 20,000, or ≥ 22,000, or ≥ 24,000, or ≥ 26,000 g / mol, or ≥ 28,000, or ≥ 30,000, or ≥ 32,000, or ≥ 34,000 g / mol and / or ≤ 120,000, or ≤ 110,000, or ≤ 100,000, or ≤ 90,000, or ≤ 80,000, or ≤ 70,000, or ≤ 65,000, or ≤ 60,000, or ≤ 55,000, or ≤ 50,000 g / mol.
[0103] P] The composition of any one of A] -O] above, wherein component a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) ≥ 5,000, or ≥ 10,000, or ≥ 20,000, or ≥ 30,000, or ≥ 35,000, or ≥ 40,000, or ≥ 45,000, or ≥ 50,000 g / mol and / or ≤ 500,000, or ≤ 400,000, or ≤ 300,000, or ≤ 200,000, or ≤ 180,000, or ≤ 160,000, or ≤ 150,000, or ≤ 140,000, or ≤ 135,000, or ≤ 130,000, or ≤ 128,000 g / mol.
[0104] Q] The composition of any one of A] -P] above, wherein component a has melting point (Tm) ≥ 50℃, or ≥ 52℃, or ≥ 54℃, or ≥ 56℃, or ≥ 58℃, or ≥ 60℃ and / or ≤ 130℃, or ≤ 120℃, or ≤ 110℃, or ≤ 100℃, or ≤ 90℃, or ≤ 85℃, or ≤ 80℃, or ≤ 78℃, or ≤ 76℃, as determined by DSC.
[0105] R] The composition of any one of A] -Q] above, wherein component a has a glass transition temperature (Tg) ≥ -90℃, or ≥ -85℃, or -75℃, or ≥ -70℃, or ≥ -65℃, or ≥ -60℃, or ≥ -58℃, or ≥ -56℃ and / or ≤ -30℃, ≤ -35℃, or ≤ -40℃, or ≤ -42℃, or ≤ -44℃, or ≤ -46℃, ≤ -48℃, or ≤ -50℃, or ≤ -51℃, or ≤ -52℃, as determined by DSC.
[0106] S] The composition of any one of A] -R] above, wherein the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer is an ethylene / silane interpolymer.
[0107] T] The composition of S] above, wherein the at least one ethylene / silane interpolymer is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.
[0108] U] The composition of T] above, wherein the at least one ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer (component a) is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer.
[0109] V] The composition of T] or U] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, or terpolymer, is a C3-C20 alpha-olefin, and further a C3-C10 alpha-olefin, and further a C3-C8 alpha-olefin.
[0110] W] The composition of any one of T] -V] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, or terpolymer, is selected from propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene, further propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, further 1-butene or 1-octene, further 1-octene.
[0111] X] The composition of any one of A] -W] above, wherein the composition comprises two or more olefin / silane interpolymers as component a, further two or more ethylene / silane interpolymers as component a, further two or more ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymers or terpolymers as component a.
[0112] Y] The composition of any one of A] -W] above, wherein the composition comprises two olefin / silane interpolymers as component a, further two ethylene / silane interpolymers as component a, further two ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymers or terpolymers as component a.
[0113] Z] The composition of any one of A] -W] above, wherein the composition comprises only one olefin / silane interpolymer as component a, further only one ethylene / silane interpolymer as component a, further only one ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or terpolymer as component a.
[0114] A2] The composition of any one of A] -Z] above, wherein the silane of the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is derived from a silane monomer selected from Formula 1: A- (SiBC-O) x-Si-EFH (Formula 1) ,
[0115] where A is an alkenyl group;
[0116] B is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, C is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, and where B and C may be the same or different;
[0117] H is hydrogen, and x ≥ 0;
[0118] E is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, F is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, and where E and F may be the same or different.
[0119] B2] The composition of A2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, x is from 0 to 10, or from 0 to 8, or from 0 to 6, or from 0 to 4, or from 0 to 2, or from 0 or 1, or 0.
[0120] C2] The composition of A2] or B2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, A is a C2-C50 alkenyl group, or a C2-C40 alkenyl group, or a C2-C30 alkenyl group, or a C2-C20 alkenyl group.
[0121] D2] The composition of any one of A2] -C2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, A is selected from the following structures i) -iv) :
[0122] i) R1R2C=CR3-, where each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R3 is hydrogen, and wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different;
[0123] ii) R1R2C=CR3- (CR4R5) n-, where each of R1, R2, R4, R5 is independently hydrogen, or an alkyl group, and R3 is hydrogen, and wherein two or more from R1, R2, R4, R5 may be the same or different, and n is from 1 to 10, or from 1 to 8, or from 1 to 6, or from 1 to 4, or from 1 to 2, or 1;
[0124] iii) where each or R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl, and wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different, and n is from 1 to 10, or from 1 to 8, or from 1 to 6, or from 1 to 4, or from 1 to 2, or 1; or
[0125] iv) where each or R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl, and wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different, and n is from 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1.
[0126] E2] The composition of any one of A2] -D2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, A is selected from the following structures is) -ivs) :
[0127] is R1R2C=CR3-, where each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R3 is hydrogen, and wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different;
[0128] iis) R1R2C=CR3- (CR4R5) n-, where each of R1, R2, R4, R5 is independently hydrogen, or an alkyl group, and R3 is hydrogen, and wherein two or more from R1, R2, R4, R5 may be the same or different, and n is from 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1;
[0129] iiis) where n is from 1 to 10, or from 1 to 8, or from 1 to 6, from or 1 to 4, or from 1 to 2, or 1; or
[0130] ivs) where n is from 1 to 10, or from 1 to 8, or from 1 to 6, or from 1 to 4, or from 1 to 2, or 1.
[0131] F2] The composition of E2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, A is selected from the structure is) or structure iis) .
[0132] G2] The composition of E2] or F2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, A is selected from the structure iis) .
[0133] H2] The composition of any one of E2] -G2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, A is selected from the structure iis) , and where n is from 1 to 10, or from 2 to 10, or from 2 to 8, or from 2 to 6.
[0134] I2] The composition of any one of A2] -H2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, B is an alkyl, or a Cl-C5 alkyl, or a Cl-C4 alkyl, or a Cl-C3 alkyl, or a Cl-C2 alkyl, or methyl.
[0135] J2] The composition of any one of A2] -I2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, C is an alkyl, or a Cl-C5 alkyl, or a Cl-C4 alkyl, or a Cl-C3 alkyl, or a Cl-C2 alkyl, or methyl.
[0136] K2] The composition of any one of A2] -J2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, E is an alkyl, or a Cl-C5 alkyl, or a Cl-C4 alkyl, or a Cl-C3 alkyl, or a Cl-C2 alkyl, or methyl.
[0137] L2] The composition of any one of A2] -K2] above, wherein, for Formula 1, F is an alkyl, or a Cl-C5 alkyl, or a Cl-C4 alkyl, or a Cl-C3 alkyl, or a Cl-C2 alkyl, or methyl.
[0138] M2] The composition of any one of A2] -L2] above, wherein Formula 1 is selected from compounds sl) through s16) , as described below:
[0139] N2] The composition of any one of A2] -M2] above, wherein Formula 1 is selected from structures sl) to s8) , as described above.
[0140] O2] The composition of any one of A2] -N2] above, wherein Formula 1 is selected from structures sl) to s6) , as described above.
[0141] P2] The composition of any one of A2] -N2] above, wherein Formula 1 is selected from structure s7) or structure s8) , as described above.
[0142] Q2] The composition of any one of A2] -M2] above, wherein Formula 1 is selected from structures s9) to s16) , as described above.
[0143] R2] The composition of any one of A2] -Q2] above, wherein the silane is derived from a silane monomer selected from the following compounds: 1-ethenyldimethylsilane; allyldimethylsilane; 3-butenyl-dimethylsilane; 4-pentenyl-dimethylsilane; 5-hexenyl-dimethylsilane; 6-heptenyl-dimethylsilane; 7-octenyl-dimethylsilane; 8-nonenyl-dimethylsilane; 9-decenyl-dimethylsilane; l- (but-3-en-1-yl) -1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyl-disiloxane (BuMMH) ; l- (hex-5-en-1-yl) -1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane (HexMMH) ; (2-bicyclo- [2.2. l] hept-5-en-2-yl) ethyl) -silane (NorDMS) ; or l- (2-bicyclo [2.2. l] hept-5-en-2-yl) ethyl) -l, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane (NorMMH) .
[0144] S2] The composition of any one of A2] -R2] above, wherein the silane is derived from a silane monomer selected from the following compounds: 1-ethenyldimethylsilane; allyldimethylsilane; 3-butenyl-dimethylsilane; 4-pentenyl-dimethylsilane; 5-hexenyl-dimethylsilane; 6-heptenyl-dimethylsilane; 7-octenyl-dimethylsilane; 8-nonenyl-dimethyl-silane; or 9-decenyl-dimethylsilane.
[0145] T2] The composition of any one of A2] -S2] above, wherein the silane is derived from a silane monomer selected from the following compounds: 5-hexenyl-dimethylsilane; or 7-octenyl-dimethylsilane, and further 5-hexenyl-dimethylsilane.
[0146] U2] The composition of any one of A] -T2] above, wherein the at least one interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, ≥ 0.10 wt%, or ≥ 0.20 wt%, or ≥ 0.40 wt%, ≥0.50 wt%, or ≥ 0.60 wt%, or ≥ 0.80 wt%, or ≥ 1.0 wt%, or ≥ 1.1 wt%, or ≥ 1.2 wt%, or ≥ 1.3 wt%, or ≥ 1.4 wt%, or ≥ 1.5 wt%, or ≥ 1.6 wt%, or ≥ 1.8 wt%of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer.
[0147] V2] The composition of any one of A] -U2] above, wherein the at least one interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, ≤ 40 wt%, or ≤ 30 wt%, or ≤ 20 wt%, or ≤ 10 wt%, or ≤ 9.0 wt%, or ≤ 8.0 wt%, or ≤ 7.0 wt%, or ≤ 6.0 wt%, or ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 4.0 wt%of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer.
[0148] W2] The composition of any one of A] -V2] above, wherein composition comprises ≥ 90.0 wt%, or ≥ 92.0 wt%, or ≥ 93.0 wt%, or ≥ 93.5 wt%, or ≥ 94.0 wt%or ≥ 94.5 wt%, or ≥ 95.0 wt% and / or ≤ 100.0 wt%, or ≤ 99.5 wt%, or ≤ 99.0 wt%, or ≤ 98.5 wt%of component a based on the weight of the composition.
[0149] A3] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -W2] above, wherein the at least one tempo compound of component b is selected from Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC, each as follows:
[0150] Structure IA is
[0151] wherein n is an integer ≥ 1;
[0152] R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H or a C1-C18 alkyl;
[0153] X is selected from CH2, ether (-O-) , thioether (-Sm-, where m ≥ 1) , carbonyl (-C (O) -) , ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , amine (-N (R) -) , amide (-N (R) -C (O) -or -C (O) -N (R) -) , urethane (-O-C (O) -NH-or -NH-C (O) -O-) , carbamide (-NH-C (O) -NH-) , or imide (-C (O) -N (R) -C (O) -) ;
[0154] R’ is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;
[0155] R” may or may not be present, and if present, R” is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;
[0156] Y is selected from CR4-n where n = 1 to 4, OR2-n where n = 1 to 2, NR3-n where n = 1 to 3, SR2-n where n = 1 to 2, PR3-n where n = 1 to 3, PR5-n where n = 1 to 5, SiR4-n where n =1 to 4, a bifunctional C-C core, a phenyl core, a phenyl core substituted with ester, a phenyl core substituted with amide, a tris-isocyanurate core, or a melamine core; and
[0157] wherein the bifunctional C-C core is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:
[0158] wherein the phenyl core is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:
[0159] wherein the phenyl core substituted with ester is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:
[0160] wherein the phenyl core substituted with amide is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:
[0161] wherein the tris-isocyanurate core is as follows, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above;
[0162] wherein the melamine core is as follows, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above;
[0163] wherein each R group in Structure IA is independently selected from H, an unsub-stituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;
[0164] Structure IB comprises sub-structure IB) as follows:
[0165] wherein n is an integer ≥ 1;
[0166] R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H or a C1-C18 alkyl;
[0167] X is selected from CH2, ether (-O-) , thioether (-Sm-, where m ≥ 1) , carbonyl (-C (O) -) , ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , amine (-N (R) -) , amide (-N (R) -C (O) -or -C (O) -N (R) -) , urethane (-O-C (O) -NH-or -NH-C (O) -O-) , carbamide (-NH-C (O) -NH-) , or imide (-C (O) -N (R) -C (O) -) ;
[0168] R’ is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;
[0169] R” may or may not be present, and if present, R” is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;
[0170] each R group in sub-structure IB is independently selected from H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;
[0171] each * (asterisk) in sub-structure IB represents the respective chemical end of Structure IB;
[0172] Structure IC comprises sub-structure IC) as follows:
[0173] wherein n is an integer ≥ 1;
[0174] R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H or a C1-C18;
[0175] X is selected from CH2, ether (-O-) , thioether (-Sm-, where m ≥ 1) , carbonyl (-C (O) -) , ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , amine (-N (R) -) , amide (-N (R) -C (O) -or -C (O) -N (R) -) , urethane (-O-C (O) -NH-or -NH-C (O) -O-) , carbamide (-NH-C (O) -NH-) , or imide (-C (O) -N (R) -C (O) -) ;
[0176] R’ is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;
[0177] R” may or may not be present, and if present, R” is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;
[0178] each R’” group in sub-structure IC is independently selected from an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;
[0179] each R group in sub-structure IC is independently selected from H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;
[0180] each * (asterisk) in sub-structure IC represents the respective chemical end of Structure IC, and if n ≥ 3, then each end may or may not form a cyclic structure with the other end.
[0181] B3] The composition of A3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is the same.
[0182] C3] The composition of A3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is different than the others of R1, R2 , R3 and R4.
[0183] D3] The composition of A3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is, independently, selected from H or a C1-C5 alkyl, further H or a C1-C4 alkyl, further H or a C1-C3 alkyl, further H or a C1-C2 alkyl, further H or a methyl.
[0184] E3] The composition of any A3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is, independently, selected from a C1-C6 alkyl, further a C1-C5 alkyl, further a C1-C4 alkyl, further a C1-C3 alkyl, further a C1-C2 alkyl, further a methyl.
[0185] F3] The composition of any one of A3] -E3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, X is selected from CH2, ether (-O-) , carbonyl (-C (O) -) , ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , amine (-N (R) -) , or amide (-N (R) -C (O) -or -C (O) -N (R) ) , and further CH2, ether (-O-) or ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , and further ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) .
[0186] G3] The composition of any one of A3] -F3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, R’ selected from a C1-C6 alkylene, further a C1-C5 alkylene, further a C1-C4 alkylene, further a C1-C3 alkylene, further a C1-C2 alkylene.
[0187] H3] The composition of any one of A3] -G3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, R” selected from a C1-C6 alkylene, further a C1-C5 alkylene, further a C1-C4 alkylene, further a C1-C3 alkylene, further a C1-C2 alkylene, and further methylene.
[0188] I3] The composition of any one of A3] -G3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, R” is not present.
[0189] J3] The composition of any one of A3] -I3] above, wherein, for each of Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC of component b, n ≥ 2.
[0190] K3] The composition of any one of A3] -J3] above, wherein the at least one tempo compound (component b) is selected from Structure IA.
[0191] L3] The composition of K3] above, wherein, for Structure IA, n is from 2 to 4, or from 2 or 3, or 2.
[0192] M3] The composition of K3] or L3] above, wherein, for Structure IA, each R is independently selected from an H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, or a substituted hydrocarbyl, and further H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, and further H or an alkyl, and further H or a C1-C5 alkyl.
[0193] N3] The composition of any one of K3] -M3] above, wherein, for Structure IA, Y is selected from CR4-n where n = 1 to 4, OR2-n where n = 1 to 2, NR3-n where n = 1 to 3, a bifunctional C-C core as described herein, a phenyl core as described herein, a phenyl core substituted with ester as described herein, a phenyl core substituted with amide as described herein, and further from CR4-n where n = 1 to 4, OR2-n where n = 1 to 2, NR3-n where n = 1 to 3, a bifunctional C-C core as described herein, or a phenyl core as described herein, and further from CR4-n where n = 1 to 4, OR2-n where n = 1 to 2 or a bifunctional C-C core as described herein, and further from CR4-n where n = 1 to 4 or a bifunctional C-C core as described herein, and further from a bifunctional C-C core as described herein.
[0194] O3] The composition of N3] above, wherein the bifunctional C-C core is selected from where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above; and further each R of the C-C core is H.
[0195] P3] The composition of any one of K3] -O3] above, wherein Structure IA is Structure IA1 below:
[0196] Q3] The composition of any one of A3] -J3] above, wherein Structure I (component b) is selected from Structure IB, which comprises sub-structure IB.
[0197] R3] The composition of Q3] above, wherein, for sub-structure IB, n ≥ 10, or n ≥ 20, or n ≥50, or n ≥ 100.
[0198] S3] The composition of Q3] or R3] above, wherein, for sub-structure IB, each R group is independently selected from an H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, or a substituted hydrocarbyl, and further H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, and further H or an alkyl, and further H or a C1-C5 alkyl.
[0199] T3] The composition of any one of A3] -J3] above, wherein Structure I (component b) is selected from Structure IC, which comprises sub-structure IC.
[0200] U3] The composition of T3] above, wherein, for sub-structure IC, n ≥ 10, or n ≥ 20, or n ≥50, or n ≥ 100.
[0201] V3] The composition of T3] or U3] above, wherein, for sub-structure IC, each R group is independently selected from an H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, or a substituted hydrocarbyl, and further H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, and further H or an alkyl, and further H or a C1-C5 alkyl.
[0202] W3] The composition of any one of T3] -V3] above, wherein, for sub-structure IC, each R’” group is independently selected from an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, or a substituted hydrocarbyl, and further an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, and further an alkyl, and further a C1-C5 alkyl.
[0203] X3] The composition of any one of T3] -W3] above, wherein, for sub-structure IC, n ≥ 3 and each end * (asterisk) forms a cyclic structure with the other end.
[0204] Y3] The composition of any one of A3] -X3] above, wherein composition comprises one Tempo compound for component b.
[0205] A4] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -Y3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component b is ≥ 50, or ≥ 60, or ≥ 70, or ≥ 80, or ≥ 90, or ≥ 100, or ≥ 110, or ≥120, or ≥ 130 and / or ≤ 500, or ≤ 480, or ≤ 460, or ≤ 440, or ≤ 420, or ≤ 410, or ≤ 400.
[0206] B4] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -A4] above, wherein composition comprises ≥ 90.0 wt%, or ≥ 92.0 wt%, or ≥ 93.0 wt%, or ≥ 94.0 wt%, or ≥ 94.5 wt%, or ≥ 95.0 wt%and / or ≤ 100.0 wt%, or ≤ 99.5 wt%, or ≤ 99.0 wt%of the sum of component a and component b based on the weight of the composition.
[0207] C4] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -B4] above, wherein component c is present in an amount ≥ 0.50, or ≥ 0.55, or ≥ 0.60, or ≥ 0.62, or ≥ 0.64, or ≥ 0.66, or ≥ 0.68, or ≥ 0.70, or ≥ 0.72, or ≥ 0.74 phr, and / or ≤ 2.00, or ≤ 1.90, or ≤ 1.80, or ≤ 1.70, or ≤ 1.60, or ≤ 1.50, or ≤ 1.40, or ≤ 1.30, or ≤ 1.20 phr, based on 100 parts component a.
[0208] D4] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -C4] above, wherein composition comprises one peroxide for component c.
[0209] E4] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -D4] above, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component c is ≥ 50, or ≥ 60, or ≥ 70, or ≥ 75, or ≥ 80, or ≥ 85, or ≥ 90 and / or ≤ 200, or ≤ 190, or ≤ 180 or ≤ 170, or ≤ 160, or ≤ 155, or ≤ 150, or ≤ 145, or ≤ 140, or ≤ 135.
[0210] F4] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -E4] above, wherein composition comprises ≥ 90.0 wt%, or ≥ 92.0 wt%, or ≥ 94.0 wt%, or ≥ 95.0 wt%, or ≥ 95.5 wt%, or ≥ 96.0 wt%or ≥96.5 wt%, or ≥ 97.0 wt% and / or ≤ 100.0 wt%, or ≤ 99.5 wt%, or ≤ 99.0 wt%of the sum of components a, b and c, based on the weight of the composition.
[0211] G4] The composition of any one of A] -E] or I] -F4] above, wherein the weight ratio of component c to component b is ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.1, or ≥ 1.2, or ≥ 1.3, or ≥ 1.4 and / or ≤ 10, or ≤ 7.0, or ≤ 4.0, or ≤ 3.8, or ≤ 3.6, or ≤ 3.4, or ≤ 3.2, or ≤ 3.1.
[0212] H4] The composition of any one of F] -W2] above, wherein component z is present in an amount ≥ 0.50, or ≥ 0.60, or ≥ 0.70, or ≥ 0.80, or ≥ 0.90, or ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.1, or ≥ 1.2 phr, and / or ≤ 3.0, or ≤ 2.8, or ≤ 2.6, or ≤ 2.4, or ≤ 2.2, or ≤ 2.0, or ≤ 1.8 phr, based on 100 parts component a.
[0213] I4] The composition of any one of F] -W2] or H4] above, wherein component z comprises two peroxides, P1 and P2.
[0214] J4] The composition of I4] above, wherein the weight ratio of P1 / P2 ≥ 5.0, or ≥ 7.0, or ≥8.0, or ≥ 9.0, or ≥ 10, or ≥ 20, or ≥ 30, or ≥ 40, or ≥ 50 and / or ≤ 100, or ≤ 90, or ≤ 80 or ≤ 70.
[0215] K4] The composition of any one of F] -W2] or H4] -J4] above, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component z is ≥ 20, or ≥ 22, or ≥ 25, or ≥ 28, or ≥ 30, or ≥ 32 and / or ≤ 200, or ≤ 150, or ≤ 100, or ≤ 90, or ≤ 85, or ≤ 80, or ≤ 78, or ≤ 76, or ≤ 74, or ≤ 72, or ≤ 70, or ≤ 68.
[0216] L4] The composition of any one of F] -W2] or H4] -K4] above, wherein composition comprises ≥ 90.0 wt%, or ≥ 92.0 wt%, or ≥ 94.0 wt%, or ≥, 95.0 wt%, or ≥ 96.0 wt%, or ≥ 96.5 wt%or ≥ 97.0 wt%, or ≥ 97.5 wt% and / or ≤ 100.0 wt%, or ≤ 99.8 wt%or ≤ 99.5 wt%of the sum of components a and z, based on the weight of the composition.
[0217] M4] The composition of any one of F] -W2] or H4] -L4] above, wherein the composition comprises only one oxygen-resistant peroxide composition as component z.
[0218] N4] The composition of any one of A] -M4] above, wherein the composition further comprises a crosslinking coagent (component d) .
[0219] O4] The composition of N4] above, wherein component d is present in an amount ≥ 0.20, or ≥ 0.22, or ≥ 0.25, or ≥ 0.28, or ≥ 0.30, or ≥ 0.32 or ≥ 0.35 phr, and / or ≤ 0.75, or ≤ 0.70, or ≤ 0.65, or ≤ 0.60, or ≤ 0.55, or ≤ 0.50, or ≤ 0.45 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0220] P4] The composition of N4] or O4] above, wherein component d is selected from triallyl cyanurate; triallyl isocyanurate; triallyl phosphate; zinc diacrylate; zinc dimethacrylate; trifunctional acrylic ester; dipentaerythritol penta acrylate; polyfunctional acrylate; 1, 3, 5, 7-tetravinyl-1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (vinyl D4) ; or a combination thereof.
[0221] Q4] The composition of any one of N4] -P4] above, wherein component d is selected from triallyl cyanurate (TAC) ; triallyl phosphate (TAP) ; triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) ; 1, 3, 5, 7-tetravinyl-1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (vinyl D4) ; or a combination thereof.
[0222] R4] The composition of any one of A] -Q4] above, wherein the composition further comprises at least one filler as component e.
[0223] S4] The composition of R4] above, wherein component e is selected from carbon black calcium carbonate, talc, a nano clay or any combination thereof.
[0224] T4] The composition of R4] or S4] above, wherein t component e is selected from carbon black, calcium carbonate, talc, or any combination thereof.
[0225] U4] The composition of any one of R4] -T4] above, wherein component e is present in an amount ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.2, or ≥ 1.6, or ≥ 1.8, or ≥ 2.0, or ≥ 2.2, or ≥ 2.4 phr and / or ≤ 20, or ≤ 15, or ≤ 10, or ≤ 8.0, or ≤ 6.0, or ≤ 4.0, or ≤ 3.5, or ≤ 3.0 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.
[0226] V4] The composition of any one of R4] -U4] above, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component e is ≥ 10, or ≥ 15, or ≥ 20, or ≥ 22, or ≥ 24, or ≥ 26, or ≥ 28, or ≥ 30, or ≥ 32, or ≥ 34, or ≥ 36, or ≥ 38 and / or ≤ 60, or ≤ 55, or ≤ 50, or ≤ 48, or ≤ 46 or ≤ 44, or ≤ 42, or ≤ 40.
[0227] W4] The composition of any one of A] -V4] above, wherein the composition further comprises a polymer, different from component a in one or more features, such as comonomer type, comonomer distribution, comonomer content, density, melt index (I2) , total unsaturation, Mn, Mw, MWD, or any combination thereof, and further comonomer type, comonomer distribution, comonomer content, density, melt index (I2) , or any combination thereof.
[0228] X4] The composition of any one of A] -W4] above, wherein the composition further comprises at least one additive.
[0229] Y4] The composition of X4] above, wherein the at least one additive is selected from scorch retardants, flow aids, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, colorants, processing aids (for example, zinc stearate) or any combination thereof.
[0230] Z4] The composition of X4] or Y4] above, wherein the at least one additive is present in an amount ≥ 0.01 wt%, or ≥ 0.02 wt%, or ≥ 0.05 wt%, or ≥ 0.08 wt%, or ≥ 0.10 wt%, or ≥ 0.20 wt%, or ≥ 0.50 wt%, or ≥ 0.80 wt%, or ≥ 1.0 wt% and / or ≤ 20 wt%, or ≤ 18 wt%, or ≤ 15 wt%, or ≤ 12 wt%, or ≤ 10 wt%, or ≤ 8.0 wt%, or ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 2.0 wt%, based on the weight of the composition.
[0231] A5] The composition of any one of A] -Z4] above, wherein the composition comprises ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 2.0 wt%, or ≤ 1.0 wt%, or ≤ 0.5 wt%, or ≤ 0.2 wt%, or ≤ 0.1 wt%, or ≤ 0.05 wt%of a sulfur compound, based on the weight of the composition; and further the composition does not comprise a sulfur compound (or a compound containing at least one sulfur atom) .
[0232] B5] The composition of any one of A] -A5] above, wherein the composition comprises ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 2.0 wt%, or ≤ 1.0 wt%, or ≤ 0.5 wt%, or ≤ 0.2 wt%, or ≤ 0.1 wt%, or ≤ 0.05 wt%of a phenolic resin, based on the weight of the composition; and further the composition does not comprise a phenolic resin.
[0233] C5] The composition of any one of A] -B5] above, wherein the composition comprises ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 2.0 wt%, or ≤ 1.0 wt%, or ≤ 0.5 wt%, or ≤ 0.2 wt%, or ≤ 0.1 wt%, or ≤ 0.05 wt%of a silicone rubber, based on the weight of the composition; and further the composition does not comprise a silicone rubber.
[0234] D5] The composition of any one of A] -C5] above, wherein the composition comprises ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 2.0 wt%, or ≤ 1.0 wt%, or ≤ 0.5 wt%, or ≤ 0.2 wt%, or ≤ 0.1 wt%, or ≤ 0.05 wt%of a silane compound comprising a hydrolyzable organic group, based on the weight of the composition; and further the composition does not comprise a silane compound comprising a hydrolyzable organic group (for example, an alkoxy, an aryloxy, an araloxy, an aliphatic acyloxy, an amino or a substituted amino) .
[0235] E5] The composition of any one of A] -D5] , wherein the composition has an “MH-ML” value ≥ 4.0, or ≥ 4.5, or ≥ 5.0 dNm. See Test Methods section for the determination of the ML and MH values.
[0236] F5] The composition of any one of A] -E5] , wherein the composition has an “MH-ML” value ≤ 20 or ≤ 18, or ≤ 16, or ≤ 14, or ≤ 12 dNm. See Test Methods section.
[0237] G5] The composition of any one of A] -F5] , wherein the composition has an “T95” value ≤ 8.0 or ≤ 7.5, or ≤ 7.0 min . See Test Methods section or the determination of the T95 values..
[0238] H5] The composition of any one of A] -G5] , wherein the composition has an “TS1” value ≤ 2.0, or ≤ 1.8, or ≤ 1.6, or ≤ 1.4, or ≤ 1.2, or ≤ 1.0 min and / or ≥ 0.8 min. See Test Methods section for the determination of the TS1 values.
[0239] A6] A crosslinked composition formed from the composition of any one of A] -H5] .
[0240] B6] The crosslinked composition of A6] above, wherein the crosslinked composition has an H1714 / H1465 value ≤ 0.050, or ≤ 0.045, or ≤ 0.040, or ≤ 0.035, or ≤ 0.030, or ≤ 0.025, where the H1714 value and the H1465 value are determined by the FTIR-ATR method described herein.
[0241] C6] The crosslinked composition of A6] or B6] above, wherein the crosslinked composition has a RD value ≤ 10%, or ≤ 8.0%, or ≤ 6.0%, or ≤ 5.5%, or ≤ 5.0%, or ≤ 4.5%, or ≤ 4.0%, where the RD value is determined by the FTIR-ATR method described herein.
[0242] D6] The crosslinked composition of any one of A6] -C6] above, wherein the crosslinked composition has surface tack rating of 3 or 5, and further 5, as determined by the Surface Tack Test described herein.
[0243] E6] An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of any one of A] -H5] above,
[0244] F6] An article comprising at least one component formed from the crosslinked composition of any one of A6] -D6] above.
[0245] G6] The article of E6] or F6] above, wherein the article is a an automotive part, a building material, a footwear component, or a PV film, and further an automotive part.
[0246] H6] The article of E6] or F6] above, wherein the article is a weatherstrip profile.
[0247] I6] A method of forming a crosslinked composition, said method comprising mixing the composition of any one of A] -H5] above.
[0248] J6] The method of I6] above, further comprising thermally treating the composition.
[0249] K6] The method of I6] or J6] above, wherein the composition is thermally treated at a temperature ≥ 120℃, or ≥ 125℃, or ≥ 130℃, or ≥ 135℃, or ≥ 140℃, or ≥ 145℃, or ≥ 150℃, or ≥ 155℃, or ≥ 160℃, or ≥ 165℃, or ≥ 170℃, or ≥ 175℃, or ≥ 180℃ and / or ≤ 250℃, or ≤ 240℃, or ≤ 230℃, or ≤ 220℃, or ≤ 215℃, or ≤ 210℃, or ≤ 205℃, or ≤ 200℃.
[0250] TEST METHODS
[0251] Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
[0252] Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is used to measure Tm, Tc, Tg and crystallinity in ethylene-based polymer samples. Each sample (0.5 g) is compression molded into a film, at 25000 psi, 190℃, from 10 to 15 seconds. About 5 to 8 mg of film sample is weighed and placed in a DSC pan. The lid is crimped on the pan to ensure a closed atmosphere. The sample pan is placed in a DSC cell, and then heated, at a rate of approximately 10℃ / min, to a temperature of 180℃. The sample is kept at this temperature for three minutes. Then the sample is cooled at a rate of 10℃ / min to -80℃, and kept isothermally at that temperature for three minutes. The sample is next heated at a rate of 10℃ / min, to 150℃ (second heat) . Unless otherwise stated, melting point (Tm, peak) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of each polymer sample are determined from the second heat curve, and the crystallization temperature (Tc) is determined from the first cooling curve. The Tg and the respective peak temperatures for the Tm and the Tc are recorded. The percent crystallinity can be calculated by dividing the heat of fusion (Hf) , determined from the second heat curve, by a theoretical heat of fusion of 292 J / g for PE, and multiplying this quantity by 100 (for example, %cryst. = (Hf / 292 J / g) x 100 (for PE) ) .
[0253] Melt Index
[0254] The melt index MI (or I2) of an ethylene-based polymer or composition is measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, condition 190℃ / 2.16 kg. The melt index I10 of an ethylene-based polymer or composition is measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, condition 190℃ / 10 kg. The melt flow rate MFR of a propylene-based polymer or composition is measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238, condition 230℃ / 2.16 kg.
[0255] Density
[0256] A sheet of material is molded per ASTM D4703 Annex A. 1 Procedure C (15℃cooling) . Each sample is first compression molded at 190℃, 3000 lbs for six minutes, then at 30000 lbs for four minutes, and then cooled at 15℃ per minute, until sample has cooled to 30℃. On removal from the press, 3 (three) coupons (approx. 1.5” x approx. 0.5” x approx. 0.125” ) are cut from the sheet. The density is measured within one hour of molding.
[0257] Density is measured per D792 Method B using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as the immersion fluid. The coupons are weighed in air and then immersed in the IPA. The IPA is contained in a double walled vessel and the temperature is controlled to 23℃ + / -0.1℃. The samples are allowed to soak in the fluid for eight minutes to ensure the samples have equilibrated to the bath temperature. The samples are then weighed while still immersed in the fluid. A glass sinker of known dry weight and volume is then weighed while immersed in the fluid. The density of the immersion fluid is calculated from the known and measured values for the glass sinker. The density of the samples may then be calculated from the known fluid density and the measured wet and dry sample weights. The results from the three coupons are averaged and the result reported in grams per cubic centimeter (g / cc = g / cm3) .
[0258] NMR Characterization of Olefin / Silane Interpolymers
[0259] For 13C NMR experiments, samples were dissolved, in 10 mm NMR tubes, in tetrachloroethane-d2 (with or without 0.025 M Cr (acac) 3) . The concentration was approximately 300 mg / 2.8 ML. Each tube was then heated in a heating block set at l10℃. The sample tube was repeatedly vortexed and heated to achieve a homogeneous flowing fluid. The 13C NMR spectrum was taken on a BRUKER AVANCE 600 MHz spectrometer, equipped with a 10 mm C / H DUAL cryoprobe. The following acquisition parameters were used: 60 seconds relaxation delay, 90 degree pulse of 12.0 μs, 256 scans. The spectrum was centered at 100 ppm, with a spectral width of 250 ppm. All measurements were taken without sample spinning at 110℃. The 13C NMR spectrum was referenced to “74.5 ppm” for the resonance peak of the solvent. For a sample with Cr, the data was taken with a “7 seconds relaxation dela” and 1024 scans. The “mol%silane (silane monomer) ” was calculated based on the integration of SiMe carbon resonances, versus the integration of CH2 carbons associated with ethylene units and CH / CH3 carbons associated with octene units (or other alpha-olefin) . The “mol%octene (or other alpha-olefin) ” was similarly calculated with reference to the CH / CH3 carbons associated with octene (or other alpha-olefin) .
[0260] For 1 H NMR experiments, each sample was dissolved, in 8 mm NMR tubes, in tetrachloroethane-d2 (with or without 0.001 M Cr (acac) 3) . The concentration was approximately l00 mg / 1.8 ML. Each tube was then heated in a heating block set at 110℃. The sample tube was repeatedly vortexed and heated to achieve a homogeneous flowing fluid. The 1H NMR spectrum was taken on a BRUKER AVANCE 600 MHz spectrometer, equipped with a 10 mm C / H DUAL cryoprobe. A standard single pulse, 1H NMR experiment was performed. The following acquisition parameters were used: 70 seconds relaxation delay, 90 degree pulse of 17.2 μs, 32 scans. The spectrum was centered at “1.3 ppm, ” with a spectral width of 20 ppm. All measurements were taken, without sample spinning, at 110℃. The 1H NMR spectrum was referenced to “5.99 ppm” for the resonance peak of the solvent (residual protonated tetrachloroethane) . For a sample with Cr, the data was taken with a “16 seconds relaxation dela” and 128 scans. The “mol%silane (silane monomer) ” was calculated based on the integration of SiMe proton resonances, versus the integration of CH2 protons associated with ethylene units and CH3 protons associated with octene units (or other alpha-olefin) . The “mol%octene was similarly calculated with reference to the CH3 protons associated with octene (or other alpha-olefin) .
[0261] Gel Permeation Chromatography (Conventional GPC) –Ethylene-based Polymers
[0262] The chromatographic system consisted of a PolymerChar GPC-IR (Valencia, Spain) high temperature GPC chromatograph equipped with an internal IR5 infra-red detector (IR5) . The autosampler oven compartment was set at 160° Celsius and the column compartment was set at 150° Celsius. The columns used were four Agilent “Mixed A” 30 cm, 20-micron linear mixed-bed columns. The chromatographic solvent was 1, 2, 4 trichlorobenzene, which contained 200 ppm of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) . The solvent source was nitrogen sparged. The injection volume was 200 microliters and the flow rate was 1.0 milliliters / minute.
[0263] Calibration of the GPC column set was performed with 21 narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene standards with molecular weights ranging from 580 to 8,400,000 g / mol, and arranged in six “cocktail” mixtures with at least a decade of separation between individual molecular weights. The standards were purchased from Agilent Technologies. The polystyrene standards were prepared at “0.025 grams in 50 milliliters of solvent” for molecular weights equal to, or greater than, 1,000,000, and “0.05 grams in 50 milliliters of solvent” for molecular weights less than 1,000,000. The polystyrene standards were pre-dissolved at 80℃, with gentle agitation, for 30 minutes, and then cooled. The room temperature solution was transferred, cooled, into the autosampler dissolution oven, at 160℃, for 30 minutes. The polystyrene standard peak molecular weights were converted to polyethylene molecular weights using Equation 1 (as described in Williams and Ward, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Let., 6, 621 (1968) ) . :
[0264] Mpolyethylene=A× (Mpolystyrene) B (EQ1) , where M is the molecular weight, A has a value of 0.405 and B is equal to 1.0. A fifth order polynomial was used to fit the respective polyethylene-equivalent calibration points.
[0265] The total plate count of the GPC column set was performed with decane, which was introduced into a blank sample via a micropump, controlled with the PolymerChar GPC-IR system. The plate count for the chromatographic system should be greater than 18,000 for the four Agilent “Mixed A” 30 cm, 20-micron linear mixed-bed columns.
[0266] Samples were prepared in a semi-automatic manner with the PolymerChar “Instrument Control” Software, wherein the samples were weight-targeted at 2 mg / ml, and the solvent (contained 200 ppm BHT) was added to a pre nitrogen-sparged septa-capped vial, via the PolymerChar high temperature autosampler. The samples were dissolved for two hours at 160° Celsius under “low speed” shaking.
[0267] The calculations of Mn (GPC) , Mw (GPC) , and Mz (GPC) were based on GPC results using the internal IR5 detector (measurement channel) of the PolymerChar GPC-IR chromatograph according to Equations 2-4, using PolymerChar GPCOneTM software, the baseline-subtracted IR chromatogram at each equally-spaced data collection point (i) , and the polyethylene equivalent molecular weight obtained from the narrow standard calibration curve for the point (i) from Equation 1.
[0268] In order to monitor the deviations over time, a flowrate marker (decane) was introduced into each sample via a micropump controlled with the PolymerChar GPC-IR system. This flowrate marker (FM) was used to linearly correct the pump flowrate (Flowrate (nominal) ) for each sample by RV alignment of the respective decane peak within the sample (RV (FM Sample) ) to that of the decane peak within the narrow standards calibration (RV (FM Calibrated) ) . Any changes in the time of the decane marker peak are then assumed to be related to a linear-shift in flowrate (Flowrate (effective) ) for the entire run. After calibrating the system based on a flow marker peak, the effective flowrate (with respect to the narrow standards calibration) is calculated as Equation 5. Processing of the flow marker peak was done via the PolymerChar GPCOneTM Software. Acceptable flowrate correction is such that the effective flowrate should be within + / -0.5%of the nominal flowrate. Flowrate (effective) = Flowrate (nominal) * (RV (FM Calibrated) / RV (FM Sample) ) (EQ5) .
[0269] Moving Die Rheometer (MDR) . The evaluation of the peroxide reaction to the polymer was evaluated through Moving Die Rheometer testing (MDR) , as follows. Crosslinking characteristics were measured using an Alpha Technologies Moving Die Rheometer (MDR) 2000 E, according to ASTM D5289, with a 0.5 deg arc. For each composition, the MDR was loaded with approximately 4 g of the formulated composition taken from a compression molded plaque (see experimental section) . The MDR was run for 30 minutes at 180℃. The “Torque vs Time” profile was generated over the given interval. The following data were used from each MDR run: MH (dN*m) , or the maximum torque exerted by the MDR during the testing interval (this usually corresponds to the torque exerted at the final time point of the test interval) ; ML (dN*m) , or the minimum torque exerted by the MDR during the testing interval (this usually corresponds to the torque exerted at the beginning of the test interval) ; TS1 (the abrasion time for the viscosity to increase 1 unit above ML) ; and T95 (time it takes to reach 95%of the MH value) . The difference between MH and ML is indicative of the extent of crosslinking, with the greater the difference reflecting a greater extent of crosslinking. One test sample tested per composition.
[0270] Surface Tack. This is a laboratory qualitative test method. For each composition, a compression molded sample (see experimental section) was cured in a hot air circulating oven for 10 minutes at 200℃ (for compositions IE4, IE5, CE7-CE10) or at 180℃ (for the remaining compositions) , to determine surface tack. The test sample was a “1.5 inch round disk (around 4g) ” taken from a compression molded plaque (see experimental section) .
[0271] The Finger Test is a laboratory qualitative test method. Laboratory personnel use their fingers to touch the top surface of the crosslinked sample, and provide feedback regarding the surface tackiness of the sample, using the following criteria Tackiness rating 1 to 5, with 5 =non sticky surface, 3 = moderate sticky surface and 1 = very sticky surface. The final tackiness rating is the average rating by five testers. One test sample, and five testers of surface tackiness, per composition.
[0272] EXPERIMENTAL
[0273] Commercial Reagents, commercial polymers and experimental polymers are listed in Table 1A. Additional properties for SiH-POE A are listed in Table 1B.
[0274] Table 1A: Commercial Reagents, Commercial Polymers and Experimental Polymers
[0275] *The Dow Chemical Company.
[0276] Table 1B: Experimental Polymers
[0277] *The wt%of silane determined by 13C NMR.
[0278] Syntheses for SiH-POE A, SiH-POE B and SiH-POE C
[0279] The interpolymers SiH-POE A, SiH-POE B, and SiH-POE C were each prepared in a one gallon polymerization reactor that was hydraulically full, and operated at steady state conditions. The solvent was ISOPAR-E, supplied by the ExxonMobil Chemical Company. The 5-Hexenyldimethylsilane (HDMS) , supplied by Gelest, was used as a termonomer, and was purified over AZ-300 alumina, supplied by UOP Honeywell, prior to use. The HDMS was fed to the reactor as a 22 wt%solution in ISOPAR-E. The reactor temperature was measured at or near the exit of the reactor. The interpolymer was isolated and pelletized. The catalysts are shown in Table 1C. Polymerization conditions are listed in Table 1D. Polymer properties are listed in Table 1E.
[0280] Table 1C: Catalysts and Co-Cocatalysts
[0281] Table 1D: Polymerization Conditions
[0282] *The “ppm” amount of catalyst metal based on the weight of the respective catalyst feed solution.
[0283] **The “ppm” amount cocatalyst based on the weight of the co-catalyst feed solution.
[0284] ***The “ppm” amount of Al based on the weight of the co-catalyst feed solution.
[0285] Table 1E: Polymer Properties
[0286] *Tg = -50.9℃.
[0287] **Determined by 13C NMR.
[0288] Compositions
[0289] Compositions are shown in Tables 2-5.
[0290] Table 2: Compositions (weight parts or phr)
[0291] Note, the molar ratio NO· / O-O = mol NO· / mol O-O = [ (mass Tempo compound / molar mass of Tempo compound) *number of NO·groups] / [ (mass peroxide / molar mass of peroxide) *number of O-O groups in peroxide] . For example, in IE1: Molar mass of the Tempo compound (Bis- (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl-1-oxyl) Sebacate) = 510.72 g / mol; the number of NO·groups in the Tempo compound = 2; mass (by parts) of Tempo compound = 0.25; Molar mass of peroxide (2, 5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) -2, 5-dimethylhexane) = 290.44 g / mol; the number of O-O groups in peroxide = 2; mass (by parts) of peroxide = 1.67 *0.45 (2, 5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) -2, 5-dimethylhexane) in Luperox101XL45. Thus, the Molar ratio NO· / O-O = [ (0.25 / 510.72 g / mol) *2] / [ (1.67 *0.45) / 290.44 g / mol) *2] = 0.19.
[0292] Table 3: Compositions (weight parts or phr)
[0293] Table 4: Compositions (weight parts or phr)
[0294] Table 5: Compositions (weight parts or phr)
[0295] Preparation of the Compositions
[0296] The compositions that contained TAIC, were mixed in a Brabender internal mixer using a standard “upside-down” mixing procedure, adding carbon black and curatives first, and then adding the polymer (SiH-POE, POE or EPDM) last. The mixing conditions were as follows: fill factor, which is the ratio of the volume of the mixing material to the volume of the mixing chamber, was set at 75%; rotor speed was kept constant at 25 rpm during the mixing cycle; mixer body temperature was set at 90℃. The samples were discharged from the mixer when the mixture temperature reached 100℃.
[0297] For the compositions without TAIC, the polymer was fed into a 50 ml chamber of the Brabender mixer, at a set temperature of 105℃ and with a rotor speed of 30 rpm. After about two minutes, the polymer was homogeneously heated and melted. Afterwards, all other ingredients, were weighed and gradually added into the mixing chamber. The mixing was continued at 50 rpm for another six minutes, to form a homogeneous composition.
[0298] Compression Molding
[0299] Each composition from the Brabender mixer (see above) was compression molded into a plaque in a “1.0 mm” thick mold. The composition was preheated at 110℃ for one minute, and then degassed for six times, followed by another three minutes at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 110℃. The plaque (15 cm x 7 cm x 1.1 mm) was taken out from the mold after ramping the temperature down to room temperature. The plaques (not crosslinked) were further cut into the required shape for curing in a hot-air oven. See also MDR test.
[0300] Curing Study
[0301] The cure properties of the compositions, including the surface tackiness, are shown in Tables 6 and 7
[0302] Table 6: Cure Properties
[0303] Table 7: Cure Properties
[0304] The inventive examples (IE1-IE5) , based on silane / olefin interpolymers and limited amounts of tempo compound (0.1-0.5 phr) or oxygen-resistant peroxide composition (0.5-2.5 phr) , demonstrate fast curing speed (T95 ≤ 8) and non-tacky surface (surface tack rating = 5) . Removing the tempo compound or the oxygen-resistant peroxide composition in the silane / olefin interpolymer formulations will result in tacky surface (CE5-CE7) . Examples based on polyolefin elastomers without the silane component (CE1, CE8-CE10) have tacky surface even in the presence of tempo compound (molar ratio NO· / O-O = 0.06-0.19) . Examples based on EPDM in the presence of the tempo compound or the oxygen-resistant peroxide composition also show tacky surface (CE2 and CE3) . CE3 is an unexpected result, as it is based on oxygen-resistant peroxide technology, but still shows a tacky surface. To avoid tacky surface of the EPDM formulation, additional amount of tempo compound must be used, but it will significantly slow down the curing speed (CE4) . Therefore, the silane / olefin interpolymer, the peroxide and the tempo compound additive (or an oxygen-resistant peroxide composition) are all required components to afford fast curing speed and non-tacky surface at the same time.
[0305] IE6 is similar to IE2, but without carbon black. They both have a non-tacky surface and have similar cure behavior. CE11 with a lower bis-tempo to peroxide ratio also has a non-tacky surface, but has a low TS1 indicating it could be prone to scorching (cures too quickly) . CE12 with a high bis-tempo to peroxide ratio had a tacky surface and slow cure (high T95) .
[0306] IE7 is similar to IE3, but without carbon black and with a different SiH-POE. It had a moderate tacky surface. Meanwhile IE8 used higher level of the oxygen-resistant peroxide composition and had non-tacky surface. CE13 with low level of the oxygen-resistant peroxide composition had moderately tacky surface and low degree of cure (low MH) .
[0307] Degradation Study -FTIR-ATR Analysis (Crosslinked Compositions)
[0308] The degradation of each hot air, crosslinked composition was determined by FTIR-ATR analysis (Nicolet 5700 from Thermo Electron Corporation) . Methylene groups (CH2) signal around 1465 cm-1, and are used as the industry standard. Carbonyl groups (C=O) signal around 1714 cm-1, and are used to monitor the degradation degree. The height ratio between 1714 cm-1 and 1465 cm-1 represents the degradation degree as follows: D = H1714 / H1465, where D is the degradation degree, H1714 is the IR peak height at 1714 cm-1 (using 1845-1570 cm-1 as a baseline) , and H1465 is the IR peak height at 1465 cm-1 (using 1540-1389 cm1 as a baseline) in the spectra of absorption mode. The relative degradation degree is calculated according to the formula as follows: RD = (D / D0) , where RD is the relative degradation degree, D is the degradation degree of the tested specimen, and D0 is the degradation degree of control sample with peroxide, but without the Tempo compound. For each analysis, a small sample of the “hot air cured” compression molded composition was used (see experimental section) . The FTIR analysis used around a one micron penetration depth, and the outer surface of a compression molded sample was exposed to the IR radiation (an area with a diameter of approx. 2 mm) . One sample per composition was examined. Results are shown in Table 8. As seen in Table 8, the crosslinked samples generated from compositions IE4 and IE5 showed considerably lower amounts of degradation (lower D and RD values) as compared to the crosslinked samples generated from compositions CE7 through CE10.
[0309] Table 8: Curing and FTIR Results
[0310] *D0 = 0.630. **D0 = 0.355.
Claims
1.A composition comprising at least the following components a through c as follows:a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;b) at least one tempo compound;c) at least one peroxide.2.The composition of claim 1, wherein component b is present in an amount from 0.10 to 0.80 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.3.The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of the NO·from the at least one Tempo compound (component b) to the peroxide (O-O) bonds from the at least one peroxide (component c) is from 0.09 to 0.60.4.A composition comprising at least the following components a and z as follows:a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer;z) at least one oxygen-resistant peroxide composition comprising at least one peroxide.5.The composition of claim 4, wherein component z is present in an amount from 0.50 to 3.0 phr, based on 100 parts of component a.6.The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein component a has a density from 0.854 g / cc to 0.940 g / cc.7.The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer is at least one ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.8.The composition of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises two ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymers as component a.9.The composition of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises only one ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer as component a.10.The composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the silane of the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is derived from a silane monomer selected from Formula 1: A- (SiBC-O) x-Si-EFH (Formula 1) ,where A is an alkenyl group;B is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, C is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, and where B and C may be the same or different;H is hydrogen, and x ≥ 0;E is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, F is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, and where E and F may be the same or different.11.The composition of claim 10, wherein Formula 1 is selected from compounds sl) through s16) , as described below: 12.The composition of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the at least one olefin / silane interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, from 0.10 wt%to 40 wt%of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer.13.The composition of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-12, wherein the at least one tempo compound of component b is selected from Structure IA, Structure IB or Structure IC, each as follows:Structure IA iswherein n is an integer ≥ 1;R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H or a C1-C18 alkyl;X is selected from CH2, ether (-O-) , thioether (-Sm-, where m ≥ 1) , carbonyl (-C (O) -) , ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , amine (-N (R) -) , amide (-N (R) -C (O) -or -C (O) -N (R) -) , urethane (-O-C (O) -NH-or -NH-C (O) -O-) , carbamide (-NH-C (O) -NH-) , or imide (-C (O) -N (R) -C (O) -) ;R’ is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;R” may or may not be present, and if present, R” is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;Y is selected from CR4-n where n = 1 to 4, OR2-n where n = 1 to 2, NR3-n where n = 1 to 3, SR2-n where n = 1 to 2, PR3-n where n = 1 to 3, PR5-n where n = 1 to 5, SiR4-n where n = 1 to 4, a bifunctional C-C core, a phenyl core, a phenyl core substituted with ester, a phenyl core substituted with amide, a tris-isocyanurate core, or a melamine core; andwherein the bifunctional C-C core is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:wherein the phenyl core is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:wherein the phenyl core substituted with ester is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:wherein the phenyl core substituted with amide is selected from the following structures, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above:wherein the tris-isocyanurate core is as follows, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above;wherein the melamine core is as follows, where each R’ represents the divalent R’ group in Structure IA above;wherein each R group in Structure IA is independently selected from H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;Structure IB comprises sub-structure IB) as follows:wherein n is an integer ≥ 1;R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H or a C1-C18 alkyl;X is selected from CH2, ether (-O-) , thioether (-Sm-, where m ≥ 1) , carbonyl (-C (O) -) , ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , amine (-N (R) -) , amide (-N (R) -C (O) -or -C (O) -N (R) -) , urethane (-O-C (O) -NH-or -NH-C (O) -O-) , carbamide (-NH-C (O) -NH-) , or imide (-C (O) -N (R) -C (O) -) ;R’ is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;R” may or may not be present, and if present, R” is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;each R group in sub-structure IB is independently selected from H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;each * (asterisk) in sub-structure IB represents the respective chemical end of Structure IB;Structure IC comprises sub-structure IC) as follows:wherein n is an integer ≥ 1;R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H or a C1-C18;X is selected from CH2, ether (-O-) , thioether (-Sm-, where m ≥ 1) , carbonyl (-C (O) -) , ester (-O-C (O) -or -C (O) -O-) , amine (-N (R) -) , amide (-N (R) -C (O) -or -C (O) -N (R) -) , urethane (-O-C (O) -NH-or -NH-C (O) -O-) , carbamide (-NH-C (O) -NH-) , or imide (-C (O) -N (R) -C (O) -) ;R’ is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;R” may or may not be present, and if present, R” is selected from a C1-C30 alkylene;each R’” group in sub-structure IC is independently selected from an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;each R group in sub-structure IC is independently selected from H, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl, an unsubstituted heterohydrocarbyl or a substituted heterohydrocarbyl;each * (asterisk) in sub-structure IC represents the respective chemical end of Structure IC, and if n ≥ 3, then each end may or may not form a cyclic structure with the other end.14.The composition of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-13, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component b is from 50 to 500.15.The composition of any one of claim 4-12 above, wherein the weight ratio of component a to component z is from 20 to 200.16.A crosslinked composition formed from the composition of any one of claims 1-15.17.The crosslinked composition of claim 16, wherein the crosslinked composition has an H1714 / H1465 value ≤ 0.050.18.The crosslinked composition of claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the crosslinked composition has a RD value ≤ 10%.19.An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of any one of claims 1-18,20.A method of forming a crosslinked composition, said method comprising mixing the composition of any one of claims 1-15.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Flexible crosslinked cable insulation and methods for making flexible crosslinked cable insulation
CN108140448A
Air curable ethylene / alpha-olefin / diene interpolymer composition
CN111148628A
Air curable ethylene / alpha-olefin / diene interpolymer composition
CN111247201A
Crosslinkable olefin / silane interpolymer compositions
US20230272206A1
Crosslinkable olefin / silane interpolymer compositions with reduced peroxide levels
WO2023108587A1