Ligands for extrahepatic delivery
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/070456
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-09
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-10
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025070456-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025070456-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025070456-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
LIGANDS FOR EXTRAHEPATIC DELIVERY
[0001] The present invention claims the priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202410015313.8 filed on January 04, 2024, Chinese Patent Application No. CN202410643557.0 filed on May 22, 2024, Chinese Patent Application No. CN202410705730.5 filed on May 31, 2024, and Chinese Patent Application No. CN202411096110.2 filed on August 09, 2024, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as part of the disclosure of the present invention.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical and pharmaceutical science, and particularly relates to a lipophilic moiety capable of enhancing the extrahepatic delivery of oligonucleotides and double-stranded RNA, such as an -R-T group of formula I and an R group of formula (I) , and a compound of formula I in which the lipophilic moiety is linked to a nucleotide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] RNA interference is a phenomenon of specific and highly efficient degradation of the target mRNA induced by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA, also known as siRNA) .
[0004] However, most of the current siRNA therapies focus on treating liver-related diseases through N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) -based delivery moieties, and it is difficult to deliver siRNA to extrahepatic tissues (such as the eyes or central nervous system) for subsequent effects, which limits the application of siRNA. Several attempts have been made in the art for the extrahepatic delivery of siRNA. For example, WO2004094595A2 discloses the delivery of siRNA using a single lipid ligand (e.g., cholesterol or long-chain alkane) at a terminal position of a strand; WO2019217459 A1 discloses the delivery of siRNA using a single lipid ligand at an internal position of a strand; and WO2021092371 A2 discloses a series of novel lipid ligand structures.
[0005] There is still a need in the art to develop more lipophilic moiety-based ligands for more efficient extrahepatic delivery.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In one aspect, the invention provides an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises two identical or different lipophilic moieties located at the 5' and 3' ends of the oligonucleotide, respectively, and the lipophilic moieties are each independently selected from compounds of formula (I) :
[0007] wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide;
[0008] wherein each group is defined as follows.
[0009] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of administering a subject the aforementioned oligonucleotide by extrahepatic delivery.
[0010] In another aspect, the present invention provides a vector comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes the aforementioned oligonucleotide.
[0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides a cell comprising the aforementioned oligonucleotide or the aforementioned vector.
[0012] In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the aforementioned oligonucleotide, the aforementioned vector, or the aforementioned cell, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0013] In another aspect, the present invention provides a kit comprising the aforementioned oligonucleotide, the aforementioned vector, or the aforementioned cell.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Definitions
[0015] Chemical Definitions
[0016] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail as follows.
[0017] When a numerical range is provided, it is intended that a particular numerical point and sub-range within said range be included. For example, "C1-6 alkyl" includes alkyls C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-6, C1-5, C1-4, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C3-4, C4-6, C4-5, and C5-6.
[0018] "C1-30 alkyl" refers to any straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group being saturated and with 1 to 30 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, C5-25 alkyl, C10-20 alkyl, C1-20 alkyl, C1-10 alkyl, and C1-6 alkyl are preferred. Examples of C1-6 alkyl described herein include, but are not limited to: methyl (C1) , ethyl (C2) , n-propyl (C3) , isopropyl (C3) , n-butyl (C4) , tert-butyl (C4) , sec-butyl (C4) , isobutyl (C4) , n-pentyl (C5) , 3-pentyl (C5) , pentyl (C5) , neopentyl (C5) , 3-methyl-2-butyl (C5) , tert-pentyl (C5) and n-hexyl (C6) . The term "C1-6 alkyl" also includes any heteroalkyl in which one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) carbon atoms are replaced with heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, silicon, phosphorus) . The alkyls may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents, for example, 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, or 1 substituent, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents. The conventional abbreviations for alkyl include: Me (-CH3) , Et (-CH2CH3) , iPr (-CH (CH3) 2) , nPr (-CH2CH2CH3) , n-Bu (-CH2CH2CH2CH3) , or i-Bu (-CH2CH (CH3) 2) .
[0019] "C2-30 alkenyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group with 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond. In some embodiments, C10-25 alkenyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-6 alkenyl, and C2-4 alkenyl are preferred; In some embodiments, C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl is preferred. Examples of C2-6 alkenyl include, but are not limited to: vinyl (C2) , 1-propenyl (C3) , 2-propenyl (C3) , 1-butenyl (C4) , 2-butenyl (C4) , butadienyl (C4) , pentenyl (C5) , pentadienyl (C5) , and hexenyl (C6) . The term "C2-6 alkenyl" also includes any heteroalkenyl in which one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) carbon atoms are replaced with heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, silicon, phosphorus) . The alkenyls may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents, for example, 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, or 1 substituent, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents.
[0020] "C2-30 alkynyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group with 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and optionally one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. In some embodiments, C10-25 alkynyl, C2-10 alkynyl, C2-6 alkynyl, and C2-4 alkynyl are preferred. Examples of C2-6 alkynyl include, but are not limited to: ethynyl (C2) , 1-propynyl (C3) , 2-propynyl (C3) , 1-butynyl (C4) , 2-butynyl (C4) , pentynyl (C5) , and hexynyl (C6) . The term "C2-6 alkynyl" also includes any heteroalkynyl in which one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) carbon atoms are replaced with heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, silicon, phosphorus) . The alkynyls may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents, for example, 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, or 1 substituent.
[0021] "C1-10 alkylene" , "C2-10 alkenylene" , and "C2-10 alkynylene" refer to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of C1-10 alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, and C2-10 alkynyl, respectively, and may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, C2-8 alkylene, C3-7 alkylene, C4-6 alkylene, C1-4 alkylene, C2-4 alkylene, and C1-3 alkylene are preferred. The unsubstituted alkylenes include, but are not limited to: methylene group (-CH2-) , ethylene group (-CH2CH2-) , propylene group (-CH2CH2CH2-) , butylene group (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-) , pentylene group (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-) , and hexylene group (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-) . Examples of said substituted alkylenes, such as an alkylene substituted by one or more alkyl (methyl) groups, include but are not limited to: substituted methylene (-CH (CH3) -, and -C (CH3) 2-) , substituted ethylene (-CH (CH3) CH2-, -CH2CH (CH3) -, -C (CH3) 2CH2-, and -CH2C (CH3) 2-) , substituted propylene (-CH (CH3) CH2CH2-, -CH2CH (CH3) CH2-, -CH2CH2CH (CH3) -, -C (CH3) 2CH2CH2-, -CH2C (CH3) 2CH2-, and -CH2CH2C (CH3) 2-) .
[0022] "C0-10 alkylene" refers to a bond as well as the aforementioned "C1-10 alkylene" .
[0023] The term "alkenylene" in "lipid containing alkenylene" refers to a -CH=CH-group.
[0024] "Halo-" or "halogen" refers to (substitution by) fluorine (F) , chlorine (Cl) , bromine (Br) , and iodine (I) .
[0025] Accordingly, "C1-20 haloalkyl" , "C1-6 haloalkyl" and "C1-4 haloalkyl" refer to an aforementioned substituted "C1-20 alkyl" , "C1-6 alkyl" and "C1-4 alkyl" , respectively, with one or more halogen groups. In some embodiments, a C1-4 haloalkyl is particularly preferred, and a C1-2 haloalkyl is even more preferred. Exemplary haloalkyls include, but are not limited to: -CF3, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CHFCH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CF2CF3, -CCl3, -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, and 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1, 1-dimethyl-ethyl. The haloalkyls may be substituted at any substitutable connection site, for example, 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, or 1 substituent.
[0026] "C1-30 alkoxyl" refers to C1-30 alkyl, as defined above, attached to the remainder of the molecule via an oxygen atom. In some embodiments, C5-25 alkoxyl, C10-20 alkoxyl, C1-20 alkoxyl, C1-10 alkoxyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, and C1-3 alkoxyl are preferred. Exemplary alkoxyl groups include -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, and -OCH2CH2CH3.
[0027] The term "hydroxyl" refers to an -OH group.
[0028] The term "C1-6 alkylhydroxyl" refers to C1-6 alkyl substituted with at least one hydroxyl group. The group is attached to the remainder of the molecule via C1-6 alkyl.
[0029] The term "amino" refers to an -NH2 group.
[0030] The term "carboxyl" refers to a -COOH group.
[0031] The term "sulfo" refers to an -S (O) 2OH group.
[0032] The term "C1-6 acyl" refers to -C (O) -C1-6 alkyl. Thus, the term "C1-6 acyloxyl" refers to C1-6 acyl attached to the remainder of the molecule via an oxygen atom, i.e., -O-C (O) -C1-6 alkyl.
[0033] "C3-12 cycloalkyl" refers to a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group with 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms and no heteroatoms. "C3-7 cycloalkyl" refers to a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group with 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms and no heteroatoms. In some embodiments, C3-6 cycloalkyl is particularly preferred, more preferably C4-6 cycloalkyl, more preferably C5-6 cycloalkyl. A cycloalkyl herein also includes a ring system in which an aforementioned cycloalkyl ring is fused with one or more aryls or heteroaryls through any connection site (s) on the cycloalkyl ring; in this context, the number of carbons still represents the number of carbons in the cycloalkyl system. Examples of said cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to: cyclopropyl (C3) , cyclopropenyl (C3) , cyclobutyl (C4) , cyclobutenyl (C4) , cyclopentyl (C5) , cyclopentenyl (C5) , cyclohexyl (C6) , cyclohexenyl (C6) , cyclohexadienyl (C6) , cycloheptyl (C7) , cycloheptenyl (C7) , cycloheptadienyl (C7) , and cycloheptatrienyl (C7) .
[0034] "C3-12 cycloalkylene" refers to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of C3-12 cycloalkyl, and may be substituted or unsubstituted C3-12 cycloalkylene. In some embodiments, C3-7 cycloalkylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C5-7 cycloalkylene and C5-6 cycloalkylene are preferred.
[0035] "C6-14 aryl” refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic) group that is a 4n+2 aromatic ring system having 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms and no heteroatom (e.g., with 6 or 10 πelectrons shared in a cyclic arrangement) . In some embodiments, an aryl has six ring carbon atoms ( “C6 aryl” ; e.g., phenyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl has ten ring carbon atoms ( “C10 aryl” ; e.g., a naphthyl, such as 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl) . An aryl herein also includes a ring system in which an aforementioned aryl ring is fused with one or more cycloalkyls or heterocyclyls through the connection sites on said aryl ring; in this context, the number of carbon atoms still represents the number of carbon atoms in said aryl ring system.
[0036] "C6-14 arylene" refers to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of C6-14 aryl, and may be a substituted or unsubstituted C6-14 arylene. In some embodiments, C6-10 arylene is preferred.
[0037] "5-membered to 12-membered heterocyclyl" refers to a group of a 5-membered to 12-membered non-aromatic ring system with ring carbon atom (s) and 1 to 6 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon. "3-membered to 7-membered heterocyclyl" refers to a group of a 3-membered to 7-membered non-aromatic ring system with ring carbon atom (s) and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon. In said heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen atoms, the connection site may be a carbon or nitrogen atom as long as the valence permits. In some embodiments, 5-membered to 7-membered heterocyclyl is preferred, which is a 5-membered to 7-membered non-aromatic ring system with ring carbon atom (s) and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms; preferably 5-membered to 6-membered heterocyclyl, which is a 5 to 6 membered non-aromatic ring system with ring carbon atom (s) and 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms. A heterocyclyl herein also includes a ring system in which an aforementioned heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more cycloalkyls through any connection site (s) on the cycloalkyl ring, or said heterocyclyl includes a ring system in which an aforementioned heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryls or heteroaryls through any connection site (s) on the heterocyclyl ring; in these contexts, the number of ring members still represents the number of ring members in the heterocyclyl ring system. Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: aziridinyl, oxiranyl, and thiorenyl. Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: azetidinyl, oxetidinyl, and thietanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: tetrahydrofuryl, dihydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, dihydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrroli-2, 5-dione. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyls containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: dioxolanyl, oxasulfuranyl, disulfuranyl, and oxazolidin-2-one. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyls containing three heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridyl and thianyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyls containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyls containing three heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: triazinanyl. Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: azepanyl, oxepanyl, and thiepanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyls each of which is fused with a C6 aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 5, 6-bicycloheterocyclyl) include, but are not limited to: dihydroindolyl, isodihydroindolyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothienyl, and benzoxazolinonyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyls each of which is fused with a C6 aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 6, 6-bicycloheterocyclyl) include, but are not limited to: tetrahydroquinolinyl, and tetrahydroisoquinolinyl.
[0038] Heterocyclyl also includes spiroheterocyclyl, i.e., a group in which two rings (e.g., heterocycle and carbane) share one carbon atom, wherein at least one ring is heterocyclyl as defined above. More specifically, the spiroheterocyclyl is a spirocycle formed by two 4-membered rings, two 5-membered rings, two 6-membered rings, one 4-membered ring and one 5-membered ring, one 4-membered ring and one 6-membered ring, or one 5-membered ring and one 6-membered ring, wherein at least one ring is a 4-membered to 6-membered heterocyclyl as defined above, preferably a 4-membered to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing 1, 2, or 3 O, N or S heteroatoms, more preferably a 4-membered to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing 1 N heteroatom. Specific spiroheterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to:
[0039] "5-membered to14-membered heteroaryl" refers to a 5-membered to 14-membered monocyclic or bicyclic group of a 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., with 6 or 10 π electrons shared in a cyclic arrangement) that has ring carbon atom (s) and 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In said heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen atoms, the connection site may be a carbon or nitrogen atom as long as the valence permits. A bicyclic heteroaryl system herein may comprise one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings thereof. A heteroaryl herein also includes a ring system in which an aforementioned heteroaryl ring is fused with one or more cycloalkyls or heterocyclyls through the connection sites on said heteroaryl ring; in this context, the number of carbon atoms still represents the number of carbon atoms in said heteroaryl ring system. In some embodiments, a 5-membered to 10-membered heteroaryl is particularly preferred, which is a 4n+2 aromatic ring system of a 5-membered to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring with ring carbon atom (s) and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a 5-membered to 6-membered heteroaryl is particularly preferred, which is a 4n+2 aromatic ring system of a 5-membered to 6-membered monocyclic or bicyclic ring with ring carbon atom (s) and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: pyrrolyl, furyl, and thienyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryls containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryls containing three heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: triazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., 1, 2, 4-oxadiazolyl) , and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryls containing four heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryls containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryls containing three or four heteroatoms include, but are not limited to: triazinyl, and tetrazinyl. Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryls containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to: azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5, 6-bicycloheteroaryls include, but are not limited to: indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothienyl, isobenzothienyl, benzofuryl, benzoisofuryl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzooxadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6, 6-bicycloheteroaryls include, but are not limited to: naphthalidinyl, pteridinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl.
[0040] "5-membered to 12-membered heteroarylene" refers to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of 5-membered to 12-membered heteroaryl, and may be a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene. In some embodiments, a 5-membered to 10-membered heteroarylene is preferred. In some embodiments, 5-membered to 7-membered heteroarylene and 5-membered to 6-membered heteroarylene are preferred.
[0041] "Carbonyl" , whether used alone or in conjunction with other terms (e.g., aminocarbonyl) , is expressed as -C (O) -.
[0042] "Oxo" is =O.
[0043] The term “lipid” broadly refers to any chemical group having an affinity for lipids. One way to characterize the lipophilicity of the lipophilic moiety is by the octanol-water partition coefficient, log Kow, where Kow is the ratio of a chemical's concentration in the octanol-phase to its concentration in the aqueous phase of a two-phase system at equilibrium. Typically, the lipophilic moiety possesses a log Kow exceeding 1, exceeding 1.5, exceeding 2, exceeding 3, exceeding 4, exceeding 5, or exceeding 10.
[0044] The "lipid" in the present invention may be a molecule having a straight-chain alkyl group as the backbone, wherein the straight-chain alkyl group may be optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl or carbonyl groups, i.e., a "straight-chain lipid" . When the straight-chain alkyl is substituted with one or more carbonyl groups, one or more carbon atoms of the straight-chain alkyl are present in the -C (O) -form. The total number of carbon atoms present in various forms in a lipid is the total number of carbon atoms contained in the lipid molecule. When a lipid is expressed as "-C14-" , it means that the lipid contains 14 carbon atoms. When a lipid is expressed as "-C (O) -C11-" , it means that the lipid contains a total of 12 carbon atoms, one of which is present in the -C (O) -form, the other 11 carbon atoms are expressed as "C11" , and so on. -C (O) -C13-, -C (O) -C14-, -C (O) -C15-, -C (O) -C16-, -C (O) -C17-, -C (O) -C18-, -C (O) -C19-, -C (O) -C20-, -C (O) -C21-, etc. represent a lipid containing one -C (O) -and varying numbers of carbon atoms. When a lipid is expressed as "-C-C (OH) -C14-" , it means that the lipid contains a total of 16 carbon atoms, one of which is substituted with a hydroxyl group (-OH) . When a lipid is expressed as "-C (O) -C19: 4-" , it means that the lipid contains 20 carbon atoms, one of which is present in the -C (O) -form, the other 19 carbons containing 4 double bonds are expressed as "C19: 4" , and so on. The exemplary group is
[0045] The term "lipophilic moiety" refers to a lipid optionally comprising a terminal group at an end. A lipophilic moiety is synonymous with a lipid when the lipid does not contain a terminal group (or when the terminal group is hydrogen) . The terminal group is as defined for the T group in the present invention.
[0046] When any variable (e.g., R) occurs more than once in the composition or structure of a compound, the definition of the variable is independent for each occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is substituted with 0 to 2 R, the group may optionally be substituted with up to two R, wherein the definition of R is independent for each occurrence. Furthermore, combinations of substituents and / or variants thereof are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0047] When one of the variables is a single bond, it means that the two groups linked by the single bond are connected directly. For example, when L in A-L-B represents a single bond, the structure of A-L-B is actually A-B.
[0048] When an enumerated linking group (i.e., divalent group) does not indicate its linking direction, the linking direction is arbitrary. For example, when the linking group L in A-L-B is -M-W-, -M-W-can be linked to variables A and B in the same direction in the reading order from left to right to form A-MW-B, or it can be linked to rings A and B in the reverse direction in the reading order from left to right to form A-WM-B. Preferably, in this context, when the bivalent group -M-W-is present in a nucleotide strand, its linking direction from left to right represents the linking direction from the nucleotide strand to a terminal group. For example, it represents the linking direction from the nucleotide strand to the 3' end or represents the linking direction from the nucleotide strand to the 5' end. For example, in general formula (III) , when L1' is its linking direction from left to right corresponds to the linking direction from Z to the 5' end (i.e., T') of the nucleotide strand, i.e.,
[0049] when L1 is its linking direction from left to right corresponds to the linking direction from Z to the 3' end (i.e., T) of the nucleotide strand, i.e., structure.
[0050] Combinations of linking groups, substituents, and / or variants thereof are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds. Unless otherwise specified, when a group has one or more linking sites, any one or more sites of the group can be linked to other groups via a bond. When the linking position of a bond is variable and there is an H atom at the linking site, if linking sites having an H atom are linked to the bond, as the number of linked bonds increases, the number of H atoms at that site decreases accordingly and the group becomes a group of the corresponding valence.
[0051] Alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl as defined herein are optionally substituted groups.
[0052] Exemplary substituents on carbon atoms include, but are not limited to: halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORaa, -ON (Rbb) 2, -N (Rbb) 2, -N (Rbb) 3+X-, -N (ORcc) Rbb, -SH, -SRaa, -SSRcc, -C (=O) Raa, -CO2H, -CHO, -C (ORcc) 2, -CO2Raa, -OC (=O) Raa, -OCO2Raa, -C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -OC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -NRbbC (=O) Raa, -NRbbCO2Raa, -NRbbC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=NRbb) Raa, -C (=NRbb) ORaa, -OC (=NRbb) Raa, -OC (=NRbb) ORaa, -C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -OC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -NRbbC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, -NRbbSO2Raa, -SO2N (Rbb) 2, -SO2Raa, -SO2ORaa, -OSO2Raa, -S (=O) Raa, -OS (=O) Raa, -Si (Raa) 3, -OSi (Raa) 3, -C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=O) SRaa, -C (=S) SRaa, -SC (=S) SRaa, -SC (=O) SRaa, -OC (=O) SRaa, -SC (=O) ORaa, -SC (=O) Raa, -P (=O) 2Raa, -OP (=O) 2Raa, -P (=O) (Raa) 2, -OP (=O) (Raa) 2, -OP (=O) (ORcc) 2, -P (=O) 2N (Rbb) 2, -OP (=O) 2N (Rbb) 2, -P (=O) (NRbb) 2, -OP (=O) (NRbb) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (ORcc) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (NRbb) 2, -P (Rcc) 2, -P (Rcc) 3, -OP (Rcc) 2, -OP (Rcc) 3, -B (Raa) 2, -B (ORcc) 2, -BRaa (ORcc) , alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein each of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rdd groups;
[0053] or wherein two geminal hydrogens at a carbon atom are substituted by a group, such as =O, =S, =NN (Rbb) 2, =NNRbbC (=O) Raa, =NNRbbC (=O) ORaa, =NNRbbS (=O) 2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORcc;
[0054] wherein each of Raa is independently selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, or two Raa groups are connected each other to form a heterocyclyl ring or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rdd groups;
[0055] Each of Rbb is independently selected from: hydrogen, -OH, -ORaa, -N (Rcc) 2, -CN, -C (=O) Raa, -C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, -CO2Raa, -SO2Raa, -C (=NRcc) ORaa, -C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, -SO2N (Rcc) 2, -SO2Rcc, -SO2ORcc, -SORaa, -C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, -C (=O) SRcc, -C (=S) SRcc, -P (=O) 2Raa, -P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) 2N (Rcc) 2, -P (=O) (NRcc) 2, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, or two Rbb groups are connected each other to form a heterocyclyl ring or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl group is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rdd groups;
[0056] wherein each of Rcc is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups are connected to form a heterocyclyl ring or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rdd groups;
[0057] Each of Rdd is independently selected from: halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORee, -ON (Rff) 2, -N (Rff) 2, -N (Rff) 3+X-, -N (ORee) Rff, -SH, -SRee, -SSRee, -C (=O) Ree, -CO2H, -CO2Ree, -OC (=O) Ree, -OCO2Ree, -C (=O) N (Rff) 2, -OC (=O) N (Rff) 2, -NRffC (=O) Ree, -NRffCO2Ree, -NRffC (=O) N (Rff) 2, -C (=NRff) ORee, -OC (=NRff) Ree, , -OC (=NRff) ORee, -C (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, -OC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, -NRffC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, -NRffSO2Ree, -SO2N (Rff) 2, -SO2Ree, -SO2ORee, -OSO2Ree, -S (=O) Ree, -Si (Ree) 3, -OSi (Ree) 3, -C (=S) N (Rff) 2, -C (=O) SRee, -C (=S) SRee, -SC (=S) SRee, -P (=O) 2Ree, -P (=O) (Ree) 2, -OP (=O) (Ree) 2, -OP (=O) (ORee) 2, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, wherein each of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rgg groups, or two geminal Rdd substituents may be combined to form =O or =S;
[0058] Each of Ree is independently selected from: alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rgg groups;
[0059] wherein each of Rff is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, or two Rff groups are connected each other to form a heterocyclyl ring or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rgg groups;
[0060] Each of Rgg is independently selected from: halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -OC1-6alkyl, -ON (C1-6alkyl) 2, -N (C1-6alkyl) 2, -N (C1-6alkyl) 3+X-, -NH (C1-6alkyl) 2+X-, -NH2 (C1-6alkyl) +X-, -NH3+X-, -N (OC1-6alkyl) (C1-6alkyl) , -N (OH) (C1-6alkyl) , -NH (OH) , -SH, -SC1-6alkyl, -SS (C1-6alkyl) , -C (=O) (C1-6alkyl) , -CO2H, -CO2 (C1-6alkyl) , -OC (=O) (C1-6alkyl) , -OCO2 (C1-6alkyl) , -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) N (C1-6alkyl) 2, -OC (=O) NH (C1-6alkyl) , -NHC (=O) (C1-6alkyl) , -N (C1-6alkyl) C (=O) (C1-6alkyl) , -NHCO2 (C1-6alkyl) , -NHC (=O) N (C1-6alkyl) 2, -NHC (=O) NH (C1-6alkyl) , -NHC (=O) NH2, -C (=NH) O (C1-6alkyl) , -OC (=NH) (C1-6alkyl) , -OC (=NH) OC1-6alkyl, -C (=NH) N (C1-6alkyl) 2, -C (=NH) NH (C1-6alkyl) , -C (=NH) NH2, -OC (=NH) N (C1-6alkyl) 2, -OC (NH) NH (C1-6alkyl) , -OC (NH) NH2, -NHC (NH) N (C1-6alkyl) 2, -NHC (=NH) NH2, -NHSO2 (C1-6alkyl) , -SO2N (C1-6alkyl) 2, -SO2NH (C1-6alkyl) , -SO2NH2, -SO2C1-6alkyl, -SO2OC1-6alkyl, -OSO2C1-6alkyl, -SOC1-6alkyl, -Si (C1-6alkyl) 3, -OSi (C1-6alkyl) 3, -C (=S) N (C1-6alkyl) 2, C (=S) NH (C1-6alkyl) , C (=S) NH2, -C (=O) S (C1-6alkyl) , -C (=S) SC1-6alkyl, -SC (=S) SC1-6alkyl, -P (=O) 2 (C1-6alkyl) , -P (=O) (C1-6alkyl) 2, -OP (=O) (C1-6alkyl) 2, -OP (=O) (OC1-6alkyl) 2, C1-6alkyl, C1-6Haloalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C7Cycloalkyl, C6-C10Aryl, C3-C7Heterocyclyl, C5-C10Heteroaryl; or two geminal Rgg substituents may be connected to form =O or =S; wherein, X-is a counterion.
[0061] Exemplary substituents on a nitrogen atom include, but are not limited to: hydrogen, -OH, -ORaa, -N (Rcc) 2, -CN, -C (=O) Raa, -C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, -CO2Raa, -SO2Raa, -C (=NRbb) Raa, -C (=NRcc) ORaa, -C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, -SO2N (Rcc) 2, -SO2Rcc, -SO2ORcc, -SORaa, -C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, -C (=O) SRcc, -C (=S) SRcc, -P (=O) 2Raa, -P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) 2N (Rcc) 2, -P (=O) (NRcc) 2, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups connecting to said nitrogen atom are connected to form a heterocyclyl ring or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc and Rdd are as described above.
[0062] Some additional definitions
[0063] The term "extrahepatic delivery" herein refers to the delivery of oligonucleotides or dsRNA molecules to extrahepatic tissues, including but not limited to eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, kidney, heart, spleen, and pancreas. Those skilled in the art understand that different methods of administration are required to improve delivery efficiency depending on the target tissue. For example, intrathecal injection can be used for delivery to the central nervous system; intraocular injection can be used for delivery to the eyes; intramuscular injection can be used for delivery to the muscles; administration of aerosol products or systemic administration (including but not limited to subcutaneous injection) can be used for delivery to the lungs.
[0064] The term "expressed extrahepatically" herein refers to that genes are specifically or non-specifically expressed in extrahepatic tissues, including but not limited to eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, kidney, heart, spleen, and pancreas.
[0065] In the present invention, muscle tissue includes, but is not limited to, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscles include, but are not limited to, quadriceps femoris, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, and trapezius. Adipose tissue includes, but is not limited to, subcutaneous fat, gonadal fat, peri-abdominal white adipose tissue (pgWAT) ; inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) , and brown adipose tissue (BAT) .
[0066] The term "oligonucleotide" herein refers to, for example, a nucleic acid molecule (RNA or DNA) having a length of less than 100, 200, 300, or 400 nucleotides. The oligonucleotide may be single-or double-stranded. When it is single-stranded, the oligonucleotide is, for example, an ASO. When it is double-stranded, the oligonucleotide is, for example, a siRNA, miRNA, or shRNA. The oligonucleotide may optionally comprise an end modification (as defined below) at the 5' end and / or 3' end of one or both strands thereof.
[0067] The term "siRNA" herein is a class of dsRNA molecules each of which can mediate the silencing of target RNA (e.g., mRNA, e.g., transcript of a gene encoding a protein) complementary thereto. A siRNAs is generally double-stranded, including an antisense strand complementary to the target RNA thereof and a sense strand complementary to this antisense strand. For the sake of convenience, such an mRNA is also referred to herein as mRNA to be silenced, and such a gene is also called target gene. Usually, an RNA to be silenced herein is an endogenous gene or a pathogen gene. In addition, RNAs other than mRNA (e.g., tRNA) as well as viral RNA may also be targeted.
[0068] The term "antisense strand" herein refers to a strand of a siRNA, wherein said strand contains a region that is completely, sufficiently or substantially complementary to the target sequence thereof. The term "sense strand" herein refers to a strand of a siRNA, wherein said strand contains a region that completely, sufficiently or substantially complementary to a region of an antisense strand as defined herein.
[0069] The term "complementary region" herein refers to a region on an antisense strand that is completely, sufficiently or substantially complementary to the target mRNA sequence thereof. In cases where a complementary region is incompletely complementary to the target sequence thereof, a mismatch may be located in an internal or terminal region of the molecule. Typically, a mismatch most tolerant is located in a terminal region, e.g., within 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 nucleotide at the 5' and / or 3' end. A region in an antisense strand, which is most sensitive to mismatch, is called "seed region" . For example, in a siRNA containing a strand of 19 nt, the 19th site (counting from the 5' end to the 3' end) can tolerate some mismatches.
[0070] The term "complementary" refers to the ability of a first polynucleotide to hybridize with a second polynucleotide under certain conditions, such as stringent conditions. For example, stringent conditions may include 400 mM NaCl, 40 mM PIPES pH 6.4, 1 mM EDTA, and 50℃or 70℃ for 12-16 hours. With respect to fulfilling the above required capabilities related to the hybridization ability thereof, said "complementary" sequences may also include or be entirely composed of non-Watson-Crick base pairs and / or base pairs formed from non-natural as well as modified nucleotides. Such non-Watson-Crick base pairs include, but are not limited to, G: U wobble base pairing or Hoogsteen base pairing.
[0071] A polynucleotide that is "at least partially complementary" , "sufficiently complementary" or "substantially complementary" to a messenger RNA (mRNA) refers to a polynucleotide that is substantially complementary to a continuous portion of the mRNA of interest. For example, a polynucleotide is at least partially complementary to an mRNA encoding PCSK9, when the sequence thereof is substantially complementary to an uninterrupted portion of said PCSK9 mRNA. The terms "complementary, " "completely complementary, " "sufficiently complementary" and "substantially complementary" as used herein may be applied to base pairing between the sense strand and antisense strand of a siRNA, or between the antisense strand of a siRNA reagent and the target sequence thereof.
[0072] "Sufficiently complementary" refers to the extent to which the sense strand only needs to be complementary to the antisense strand to maintain the overall double-stranded character of the molecule. In other words, although perfect complementarity is generally desired, in some cases, particularly in the antisense strand, one or more, e.g., 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 mismatch (relative to the target mRNA) may be included, but the sense and antisense strands can still maintain the overall double-stranded character of the molecule.
[0073] The term "shRNA" herein refers to short hairpin RNA. An shRNA comprises two short inverted repeat sequences. An shRNA cloned into an shRNA expression vector comprises two short inverted repeat sequences, separated by a loop sequence, forming a hairpin structure and controlled by the RNA polymerase III (pol III) promoter. Subsequently, 5 to 6 Ts are ligated as transcription terminators of pol III.
[0074] "Nucleoside" is a compound comprising two substances: one is a purine base or a pyrimidine base, and the other is a ribose or a deoxyribose. "Nucleotide" is a compound comprising three substances: one is a purine base or a pyrimidine base, another is a ribose or deoxyribose, and the third is a phosphoric acid.
[0075] The term "base" is a fundamental building block of nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids; as always containing nitrogen, said base is also referred to as "nitrogenous base. " Unless otherwise specified, the capital letters herein, i.e., A, U, T, G and C, denote the bases of nucleotides, which is adenine, uracil, thymine, guanine and cytosine, respectively.
[0076] As used herein, the "modification" of nucleotides includes, but is not limited to: methoxyl substitution (methoxy-modified) , fluorine substitution (fluoro-modified) , connection with a phosphorothioate group, or protection with a conventional protecting group. For example, a fluoro-modified nucleotide refers to a nucleotide formed by substituting the hydroxyl at the 2' position of the ribosyl of the nucleotide with a fluorine atom, while a methoxy-modified nucleotide refers to a nucleotide formed by substituting the 2'-hydroxyl of the ribosyl with a methoxyl.
[0077] "Modified nucleotides" herein include, but are not limited to: a 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a 2'-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2'-deoxy-modified nucleotide, an inosine ribonucleotide, an abasic nucleotide, an inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a phosphorothioate group, a nucleotide modified by vinylphosphonate, a locked nucleotide, 2'-amino-modified nucleotide, 2'-alkyl-modified nucleotide, a morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, a non-natural base comprising nucleotide, and a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative or a dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group, deoxyribonucleotide, or a nucleotide with protection of a conventional protecting group. For example, a 2'-fluoro modified nucleotide refers to a nucleotide formed by substituting the hydroxyl at the 2' position of the ribosyl in a nucleotide with a fluorine atom. Said 2'-deoxy-modified nucleotide refers to a nucleotide formed by substituting the 2'-hydroxyl of the ribosyl with a methoxyl.
[0078] As used herein, the term "end modification" refers to a modification made to the 5' end and / or 3' end of the sense strand in a siRNA molecule, such as a conjugation or capping modification or structure. Exemplary end modifications of the sense strand include, but are not limited to, inverted abasic deoxyribonucleotide (IB) and STM.
[0079] The IB can include the following two structures (for the 5' and 3' ends of the nucleic acid strand, respectively) depending on its position / linking mode in the siRNA:
[0080] IB is well known in the art. See, for example, F. Czauderna, Nucleic Acids Res., 2003, 31 (11) , 2705-16 and PCT Publication Nos. WO2016011123 and WO2019051402.
[0081] The structure of unmodified STM is
[0082] STM can be modified, for example wherein Rs is selected from hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0083] STM is well known in the art. See, for example, PCT Publication No. WO2024002006.
[0084] The term “ligand moiety” refers to a chemical component conjugated with a siRNA, wherein the moiety is capable of changing the distribution, targeting, or lifespan of the siRNA. In a preferred embodiment, such a ligand offers enhanced affinity for selected targets, such as molecules, cells or cell types, and compartments (e.g., cellular or organ compartments, tissues, organs, or regions of the body) , compared to for example a siRNA without such a ligand.
[0085] The term "reactive phosphorus group" refers to a phosphorus-containing group included within a nucleotide unit or a nucleotide analogue unit, wherein the group can undergo a nucleophilic attack to react with a hydroxyl or amine group in another molecule, especially another nucleotide unit or nucleotide analogue unit. Typically, such a reaction generates an ester-type internucleoside bond connecting a said first nucleotide unit or a said first nucleotide analogue unit with a said second nucleotide unit or a said second nucleotide analogue unit. A reactive phosphorus group can be selected from phosphoramidite, H-phosphonate, alkyl-phosphonate, phosphate or phosphate mimics, including but not limited to: natural phosphate, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, borano phosphate, borano thiophosphate, phosphonate, halogen substituted phosphonates and phosphates, phosphoramidates, phosphodiester, phosphotriester, thiophosphodiester, thiophosphotriester, diphosphates and triphosphates, preferably P (OCH2CH2CN) (N (iPr) 2) .
[0086] "Protecting group" refers to any atom or group of atoms added to a molecule to prevent undesired chemical reactions of existing groups within the molecule. A "protecting group" may be an unstable chemical moiety known in the art, which is used to protect reactive groups such as hydroxyl, amino and thiol groups to prevent undesired or premature reactions during chemical synthesis. Protecting groups are typically used selectively and / or orthogonally to protect sites during the reactions of other reactive sites, which can then be removed to leave the unprotected groups intact or available for further reactions.
[0087] A non-limiting list of protecting groups include benzyl; substituted benzyl; alkylcarbonyls and alkoxycarbonyls (e.g., t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) , acetyl, or isobutyryl) ; arylalkylcarbonyls and arylalkoxycarbonyls (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl) ; substituted methyl ether (e.g. methoxymethyl ether) ; substituted ethyl ether; a substituted benzyl ether; tetrahydropyranyl ether; silyls (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, tri-iso-propylsilyloxymethyl, [2- (trimethylsilyl) ethoxy] methyl or t-butyldiphenylsilyl) ; esters (e.g. benzoate ester) ; carbonates (e.g. methoxymethylcarbonate) ; sulfonates (e.g. tosylate or mesylate) ; acyclic ketal (e.g. dimethyl acetal) ; cyclic ketals (e.g., 1, 3-dioxane, 1, 3-dioxolanes, and those described herein) ; acyclic acetal; cyclic acetal (e.g., those described herein) ; acyclic hemiacetal; cyclic hemiacetal; cyclic dithioketals (e.g., 1, 3-dithiane or 1, 3-dithiolane) ; orthoesters (e.g., those described herein) and triarylmethyl groups (e.g., trityl; monomethoxytrityl (MMTr) ; 4, 4′-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr or DMT) ; 4, 4′, 4″-trimethoxytrityl (TMTr) ; and those described herein) . Preferred protecting groups are selected from acetyl (Ac) , benzoyl (Bzl) , benzyl (Bn) , isobutyryl (iBu) , phenylacetyl, benzyloxymethyl acetal (BOM) , beta-methoxyethoxymethyl ether (MEM) , methoxymethylether (MOM) , p-methoxybenzyl ether (PMB) , methylthiomethyl ether, pivaloyl (Piv) , tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , triphenylmethyl (Trt) , methoxytrityl [ (4-methoxyohenyl) diphenylmethyl-] (MMT) , dimethoxytrityl, [bis- (4-methoxyphenyl) phenylmethyl (DMT) , trimethylsilyl ether (TMS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (TBDMS) , tri-iso-propylsilyloxymethyl ether (TOM) , tri-isopropylsilyl ether (TIPS) , methyl ethers, ethoxyethyl ethers (EE) N, N-dimethylformamidine and 2-cynaonethyl (CE) .
[0088] Protecting groups in the present invention also include, but are not limited to -DMT, -O-DMT, and -N3.
[0089] "Hydroxy-protecting group" refers to a group that can prevent a hydroxyl from undergoing chemical reactions and can be removed under specific conditions to restore the hydroxyl. The main hydroxy-protecting groups include silane-type, acyl-type or ether-type protecting groups, preferably the following:
[0090] trimethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , acetyl (Ac) , chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl (TFA) , benzoyl, p-methoxybenzoyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) , allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) , benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) , benzyl (Bn) , p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) , allyl, triphenylmethyl (Tr) , di-p-methoxytrityl (DMTr) , methoxymethyl (MOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , methylthiomethyl (MTM) , p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM) , -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH or 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, preferably -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH or 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, more preferably -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH.
[0091] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" represents carboxylates or amino acid salts of a compound of the present invention, which are suitable for contact with patient tissues within the scope of sound medical judgment without causing excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions, etc., and are effective in terms of the intended use with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio; said salt includes, where applicable, the zwitterionic form of a compound of the present invention.
[0092] The present invention includes tautomers, which are functional-group isomers resulting from the rapid migration of an atom in a molecule between two positions. A compound with different tautomeric forms, said herein, refers to all the tautomers and does not be restricted to any specific tautomeric form.
[0093] A compound of the present invention may include one or more asymmetric centers, and thus may exist in various stereoisomeric forms, such as enantiomers and / or diastereomers. For example, a compound of the present invention may be one of the forms of enantiomer, diastereoisomer or geometric isomer (e.g. a cis isomer or a trans isomer) , or may be a mixture of any type of stereoisomerism, including a racemic mixture and a mixture enriched with one or more forms of stereoisomer. An isomer herein may be achieved by separating from a mixture via any method known to those skilled in the art, wherein the method includes chiral high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; alternatively, a preferred isomer may be prepared through asymmetric synthesis.
[0094] The present invention also includes isotopically labeled compounds (isotopic variants) which are equivalent to those described by formula (I) , except that one or more atoms are replaced with atoms with an atomic mass or mass number different from that common in nature. Examples of isotopes which may be incorporated into a compound of the present invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine, such as 2H, 3H, 13C, 11C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl. Any compounds based on a compound of the present invention and containing any aforementioned isotope and / or any isotope of other atoms, the prodrugs thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds or said prodrugs all fall in the scope of the present invention. Certain isotopically labeled compounds of the present invention, such as a compound into which any radioisotope (e.g., 3H and 14C) is introduced, may be used for distribution determinations of a drug and / or the substrate tissue thereof. Tritium, i.e. 3H and carbon-14, i.e. 14C isotopes are particularly preferred, because they can be easily prepared and detected. Furthermore, substitution with an isotope heavier, such as deuterium, i.e. 2H, may in some cases be preferred because resultant increased metabolic stability may provide therapeutic benefits such as prolonged in vivo half-life or reduced dosage. An isotopically labeled compound of formula (I) of the present invention and the prodrug thereof may generally be prepared with any readily available isotopically labeled reagent instead of any non-isotopically labeled reagent, in a procedure described below and / or in a process disclosed in any of the Examples and Preparations.
[0095] Compounds of the Present Invention
[0096] The present invention relates to an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises two identical or different lipophilic moieties located at the 5' and 3' ends of the oligonucleotide, respectively, and the lipophilic moieties are each independently a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0097] wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide, and each other group is as defined below.
[0098] The present invention relates to an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises two identical or different lipophilic moieties located at the 5' and 3' ends of the oligonucleotide, respectively, and the lipophilic moieties are each independently a compound of formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0099] wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide, and each other group is as defined below.
[0100] The present invention relates to an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide is a compound of formula III or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0101] wherein L2 and L2' are each independently -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, and each other group is as defined below.
[0102] The present invention relates to a compound of formula V or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0103] each group is defined as follows.
[0104] Lipid R
[0105] In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 10 to 30 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 10 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 11 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 12 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 13 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 14 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 15 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 16 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 17 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 18 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 19 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 20 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 21 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 22 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 23 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 24 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 25 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 26 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 27 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 28 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 29 carbon atoms; In one embodiment, the lipid comprises 30 carbon atoms.
[0106] In one embodiment, R is C8-28 straight-chain alkyl; In one embodiment, R is C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl; In further embodiments, R comprises an alkenylene group; In further embodiments, R comprises four alkenylene groups; In further embodiments, R comprises one hydroxyl substituent; In a further embodiment, R comprises two hydroxyl substituents; In further embodiments, R comprises three hydroxyl substituents; In further embodiments, the carbon atom at one end of R is present in a carbonyl form, which is also referred to herein as "substituted with carbonyl" or "substituted with oxo" ; In a further embodiment, the carbon atoms at both ends of R are present in a carbonyl form.
[0107] In one embodiment, R is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from hydroxyl and oxo.
[0108] In a specific embodiment, R is selected from -C (O) -C11-, -C (O) -C12-, -C (O) -C13-, -C (O) -C14-, -C (O) -C15-, -C (O) -C16-, -C (O) -C17-, -C (O) -C18-, -C (O) -C19-, -C (O) -C20-, -C (O) -C21-, -C (OH) -C14-, -C (O) -C19: 4-, -C (O) -C7-C=C-C8-, -C-C (OH) -C14-, -C14-, and -C16-.
[0109] T
[0110] In one embodiment, T is H; In one embodiment, T is hydroxyl; In one embodiment, T is acetoxyl; In one embodiment, T is carboxyl; In one embodiment, T is a sulfo; In one embodiment, T is tetrazolyl (e.g., ) ; In one embodiment, T is C1-3 alkoxyl; In one embodiment, T is -OCH2CH2OH; In one embodiment, T is -OCH2CH (OH) CH2OH; In one embodiment, T is -OCH (CH2OH) 2.
[0111] Lipophilic moiety R-T
[0112] In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is
[0113] m and n
[0114] In one embodiment, m and n may be any integer, provided that the lipophilic moiety (i.e., R) contains a total of 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably a total of 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.
[0115] In one embodiment, each of m and n is an integer independently selected from 0 to 50, preferably an integer selected from 3 to 25, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25.
[0116] In one embodiment, R contains a total of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, for example, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 carbon atoms, preferably a total of 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.
[0117] L1 and L1'
[0118] In one embodiment, L1 is absent; In one embodiment, L1 is a bond; In one embodiment, L1 is -Lx-Ly-Lz-.
[0119] In one embodiment, L1' is a bond; In one embodiment, L1 is In one embodiment, L1 is In one embodiment, L1 is In one embodiment, L1 is In one embodiment, L1 is In the above embodiments, each k is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
[0120] In a specific embodiment, L1 is In a specific embodiment, L1 is In a specific embodiment, L1 is In a specific embodiment, L1 is
[0121] In one embodiment, L1' is absent; In one embodiment, L1' is a bond; In one embodiment, L1' is -Lx-Ly-Lz-.
[0122] In one embodiment, L1' is a bond; In one embodiment, L1' is In one embodiment, L1' is In one embodiment, L1' is In one embodiment, L1' is In one embodiment, L1' is In the above embodiments, each k is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
[0123] In a specific embodiment, L1' is In a specific embodiment, L1' is In a specific embodiment, L1' is In a specific embodiment, L1' is
[0124] Lx. Ly, Lz
[0125] In one embodiment, Lx is a bond; In one embodiment, Lx is -O-; In one embodiment, Lx is -S-; In one embodiment, Lx is -C (O) -; In one embodiment, Lx is -NRa-, such as -NH-; In one embodiment, Lx is -C (O) NRa-; In one embodiment, Lx is -NRaC (O) -.
[0126] In one embodiment, Ly is C1-10 alkylene, wherein the C1-10 alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from -C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 haloalkyl.
[0127] In a specific embodiment, Ly is In one embodiment, Ly is In one embodiment, Ly is
[0128] In one embodiment, Lz is a bond; In one embodiment, Lz is -O-; In one embodiment, Lz is -S-; In one embodiment, Lz is -S-S-; In one embodiment, Lz is -C (O) -; In one embodiment, Lz is -NRa-; In one embodiment, Lz is -C (O) NRa-; In one embodiment, Lz is -NRaC (O) -.
[0129] Each of Ra is independently selected from H, C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0130] L2 and L2'
[0131] In one embodiment, L2 is -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2 is -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2 is -Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2 is -Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2 is -Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2 is -Le-.
[0132] In one embodiment, L2' is -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2' is -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2' is -Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2' is -Lc-Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2' is -Ld-Le-; In one embodiment, L2' is -Le-.
[0133] In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is wherein q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is In one embodiment, L2 is
[0134] In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is wherein q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is In one embodiment, L2' is
[0135] La. Lb, Lc, Ld and Le
[0136] In one embodiment, La is selected from a bond,
[0137] In one embodiment, La is absent; In one embodiment, La is a bond; In one embodiment, La is In one embodiment, La is In one embodiment, La is In one embodiment, La is In one embodiment, La is In one embodiment, La is In one embodiment, La is In one embodiment, La is wherein q is an integer from 1 to 9.
[0138] In one embodiment, Lb is selected from a bond,
[0139] In one embodiment, Lb is absent; In one embodiment, Lb is a bond; In one embodiment, Lb is In one embodiment, Lb is In one embodiment, Lb is In one embodiment, Lb is In one embodiment, Lb is In one embodiment, Lb is In one embodiment, Lb is In one embodiment, Lb is wherein q is an integer from 1 to 9.
[0140] In one embodiment, Lc is selected from a bond,
[0141] In one embodiment, Lc is absent; In one embodiment, Lc is a bond; In one embodiment, Lc is In one embodiment, Lc is In one embodiment, Lc is In one embodiment, Lc is In one embodiment, Lc is In one embodiment, Lc is In one embodiment, Lc is In one embodiment, Lc is wherein q is an integer from 1 to 9.
[0142] In one embodiment, Ld is selected from a bond,
[0143] In one embodiment, Ld is absent; In one embodiment, Ld is a bond; In one embodiment, Ld is In one embodiment, Ld is In one embodiment, Ld is In one embodiment, Ld is In one embodiment, Ld is In one embodiment, Ld is In one embodiment, Ld is In one embodiment, Ld is wherein q is an integer from 1 to 9.
[0144] In one embodiment, Le is selected from a bond,
[0145] In one embodiment, Le is absent; In one embodiment, Le is a bond; In one embodiment, Le is In one embodiment, Le is In one embodiment, Le is In one embodiment, Le is In one embodiment, Le is In one embodiment, Le is In one embodiment, Le is In one embodiment, Le is wherein q is an integer from 1 to 9.
[0146] R1. R2, ring A, Rb, Rc, Rd, p and q
[0147] In one embodiment, R1 is -O-; In one embodiment, R1 is -S-; In one embodiment, R1 is -C (O) -; In one embodiment, R1 is -NRd-, such as -NH-; In one embodiment, R1 is -C (O) NRd-; In one embodiment, R1 is -NRdC (O) -.
[0148] In one embodiment, R2 is a bond; In one embodiment, R2 is -O-; In one embodiment, R2 is -S-; In one embodiment, R2 is -S-S-; In one embodiment, R2 is -C (O) -; In one embodiment, R2 is -NRd-, such as -NH-; In one embodiment, R2 is -C (O) NRd-, -NRdC (O) -, or-S (O) m-NRd-;
[0149] In one embodiment, ring A is 3-membered to 12-membered cycloalkylene; In one embodiment, ring A is C6-14 arylene; In one embodiment, ring A is 5-membered to 14-membered heteroarylene; In one embodiment, ring A is 5-membered to 14-membered heterocyclylene.
[0150] In one embodiment, Rb is H; In one embodiment, Rb is -C0-6alkylene-OH; In one embodiment, Rb is -C0-6alkylene-NH2; In one embodiment, Rb is -C0-6alkylene-CN; In one embodiment, Rb is -C0-6alkylene-C (O) OH; In one embodiment, Rb is C1-6 alkyl; In one embodiment, Rb is C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0151] In one embodiment, Rc is H; In one embodiment, Rc is -C0-6alkylene-OH; In one embodiment, Rc is -C0-6alkylene-NH2; In one embodiment, Rc is -C0-6alkylene-CN; In one embodiment, Rc is -C0-6alkylene-C (O) OH; In one embodiment, Rc is C1-6 alkyl; In one embodiment, Rc is C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0152] In one embodiment, Rd is H; In one embodiment, Rd is C1-6 alkyl; In one embodiment, Rd is C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0153] In one embodiment, each p is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
[0154] In one embodiment, each q is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
[0155] -L2-R-T and -L2'-R'-T' are each independently selected from Table A:
[0156] Table A
[0157] Z
[0158] In one embodiment, the 5' end of Z comprises an end modification; In one embodiment, the 3' end of Z comprises an end modification; In one embodiment, the 5' and 3' ends of Z each comprise an end modification; In one embodiment, neither the 5' end nor the 3' end of Z comprises an end modification.
[0159] In one embodiment, Z is siRNA; In one embodiment, Z is miRNA; In one embodiment, Z is shRNA.
[0160] Z’
[0161] In one embodiment, Z' is siRNA; In one embodiment, Z' is miRNA; In one embodiment, Z' is shRNA.
[0162] End modification
[0163] In one embodiment, the end modification is In one embodiment, the end modification is In one embodiment, the end modification is In one embodiment, the end modification is In one embodiment, the end modification is wherein represents the position of attachment to the oligonucleotide, and represents the position of attachment to the lipophilic moiety; wherein Rs is hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl, and X is hydroxyl or thiol.
[0164] In one embodiment, P1 is In one embodiment, P1 is In one embodiment, P1 is In one embodiment, P1 is In one embodiment, P1 is In one embodiment, P1 is -DMT; In one embodiment, P1 is -O-DMT; In one embodiment, P1 is -N3.
[0165] M
[0166] In one embodiment, M is In one embodiment, M is and Rs is hydrogen; In one embodiment, M is and Rs is isopropyl; In one embodiment, M is and Rs is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, M is and Rs is hydrogen; In one embodiment, M is and Rs is isopropyl; In one embodiment, M is and Rs is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, M is and X is hydroxyl; In one embodiment, M is and X is thiol; In one embodiment, M is and X is hydroxyl; In one embodiment, M is and X is thiol.
[0167] M’
[0168] In one embodiment, M' is In one embodiment, M' is and Rs is hydrogen; In one embodiment, M' is and Rs is isopropyl; In one embodiment, M' is and Rs is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, M' is and Rs is hydrogen; In one embodiment, M' is and Rs is isopropyl; In one embodiment, M' is and Rs is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, M' is and X is hydroxyl; In one embodiment, M' is and X is thiol; In one embodiment, M' is and X is hydroxyl; In one embodiment, M' is and X is thiol.
[0169] Any technical solution or any combination thereof in any of the above specific embodiments can be combined with any technical solution or any combination thereof in other specific embodiments. For example, any one of the technical solutions for T or any combination thereof can be combined with any one of the technical solutions for L1, L2, R, L1', L2', R', T', M, M', and Z or any combination thereof. The present invention is intended to include all combinations of these technical solutions, which are not listed one by one due to space limitations.
[0170] Specifically, the present invention relates to the following technical solutions.
[0171] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises two identical or different lipophilic moieties located at the 5' and 3' ends of the oligonucleotide, respectively, and the lipophilic moieties are each independently selected from a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0172] wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide;
[0173] R is a lipid, preferably a lipid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms;
[0174] T is selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, sulfo (-S (O) 2OH) , C1-6 acetoxyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, or 5-membered to 10-membered heteroaryl, preferably T is selected from amino, sulfo (-S (O) 2OH) , C1-6 acetoxyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, or 5-membered to 10-membered heteroaryl;
[0175] T is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from hydroxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylhydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0176] preferably,
[0177] R is a lipid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms;
[0178] T is selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, acetoxyl, carboxyl, sulfo, tetrazolyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxyl, preferably the C1-6 alkoxyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from hydroxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylhydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0179] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the lipid comprises 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.
[0180] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the lipid is a straight-chain lipid optionally comprising 1 to 8 olefinic bonds, and the lipid is optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl or oxo groups; preferably, the lipid is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from hydroxyl and oxo.
[0181] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein R is selected from C8-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl, and the C10-28 straight-chain alkyl and C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from hydroxyl and oxo;
[0182] preferably, R is selected from C10-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl comprising 1 to 4 olefinic bonds, wherein the C10-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl comprising 1 to 4 olefinic bonds is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from hydroxyl and oxo;
[0183] more preferably, wherein the lipid is selected from -C (O) -C11-, -C (O) -C12-, -C (O) -C13-, -C (O) -C14-, -C (O) -C15-, -C (O) -C16-, -C (O) -C17-, -C (O) -C18-, -C (O) -C19-, -C (O) -C20-, -C (O) -C21-, -C (OH) -C14-, -C (O) -C19: 4-, -C (O) -C7-C=C-C8-, -C-C (OH) -C14-, -C14-, and -C16-.
[0184] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein T is selected from sulfo, tetrazolyl (e.g., ) , or optionally substituted C1-3 alkoxyl, preferably the C1-3 alkoxyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from hydroxyl and C1-3 alkylhydroxyl (e.g., -CH2OH) .
[0185] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein T is C1-3 alkoxyl, and the C1-3 alkoxyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from hydroxyl and -CH2OH;
[0186] more preferably, the T is selected from -OH, -C (O) OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH2OH, -OCH2CH (OH) CH2OH, -OCH (CH2OH) 2, -S (O) 2OH, and -tetrazolyl, preferably -OCH3, -OCH2CH2OH, -OCH2CH (OH) CH2OH, -OCH (CH2OH) 2, -S (O) 2OH, and
[0187] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein -R-T is each independently selected from:
[0188] wherein m and n may be any integer, provided that R contains a total of 10 to 30 carbon atoms;
[0189] preferably,
[0190] m and n are independently selected from an integer of 0 to 50, preferably an integer selected from 3 to 25, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25;
[0191] R contains a total of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, for example, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 carbon atoms, preferably a total of 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.
[0192] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the oligonucleotide is selected from compounds of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0193] wherein,
[0194] T' end corresponds to the 5' end of the oligonucleotide, and T end corresponds to the 3' end of the oligonucleotide;
[0195] Z is an oligonucleotide;
[0196] L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond or -Lx-Ly-Lz-;
[0197] wherein Lx is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NRa-, -C (O) NRa-, or -NRaC (O) -;
[0198] Ly is selected from C1-10 alkylene, wherein the C1-10 alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from -C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 haloalkyl;
[0199] Lz is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -C (O) -, -NRa-, -C (O) NRa-, or -NRaC (O) -;
[0200] at most one of Lx and Lz is a bond;
[0201] each of Ra is independently selected from H, C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0202] L2 and L2' are each independently -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, preferably selected from -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, -Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, -Lc-Ld-Le-, -Ld-Le-, and -Le-, more preferably -Lc-Ld-Le-, -Ld-Le-, or -Le-;
[0203] wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently selected from a bond,
[0204] R1 is selected from -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NRd-, -C (O) NRd-, or -NRdC (O) -;
[0205] R2 is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -C (O) -, -NRd-, -C (O) NRd-, -NRdC (O) -, or -S (O) m-NRd-;
[0206] ring A is selected from 3-membered to 12-membered cycloalkylene, C6-14 arylene, 5-membered to 14-membered heteroarylene, or 5-membered to 14-membered heterocyclene, preferably 5-membered to 14-membered heterocyclene;
[0207] each of Rb and Rc are independently selected from H, -C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, -C0-6alkylene-C (O) OH, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0208] each of Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0209] m is selected from 0, 1, or 2;
[0210] each p is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0211] q is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0212] R' and T' are defined in the same way as R and T;
[0213] R and T are as defined above;
[0214] preferably,
[0215] L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond, and each k is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;
[0216] L2 and L2' are each independently -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently selected from a bond, -C (O) -5-12-membered heterocyclene-NH-, or
[0217] each p is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0218] each q is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0219] R' and T' are defined in the same way as R and T;
[0220] R and T are as defined above;
[0221] more preferably,
[0222] L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond, each k is independently selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, such as ; L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond,
[0223] wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently absent or selected from a bond,
[0224] each q is an integer independently selected from 1 to 9, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;
[0225] R and T are as defined above.
[0226] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein L2 and L2' are each independently a bond or are selected from the group consisting of:
[0227] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein -L2-R-T and -L2'-R'-T' are each independently selected from the groups listed in Table A below:
[0228] Table A
[0229] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the oligonucleotide is selected from compounds of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0230] wherein,
[0231] T' end corresponds to the 5' end of the oligonucleotide, and T end corresponds to the 3' end of the oligonucleotide;
[0232] Z is an oligonucleotide;
[0233] L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond or -Lx-Ly-Lz-;
[0234] wherein Lx is selected from a bond or -C (O) -;
[0235] Ly is selected from C1-10 alkylene, wherein the C1-10 alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from C0-6alkylene-OH, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 haloalkyl;
[0236] Lz is selected from a bond, -S-, -S-S-, or -NH-;
[0237] at most one of Lx and Lz is a bond;
[0238] L2 and L2' are each independently -Ld-Le-or -Le-, more preferably -Le-;
[0239] wherein Ld and Le are each independently selected from a bond or
[0240] R1 is selected from -C (O) -, -NH-, -C (O) NH-, or -NHC (O) -, preferably -C (O) -or -NH-;
[0241] R2 is selected from a bond, -C (O) -, -NH-, -C (O) NH-, or -NHC (O) -, preferably -C (O) -or -NH-;
[0242] each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0243] p is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0244] q is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0245] R and R' are independently selected from C10-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl comprising 1 to 4 olefinic bonds, preferably C10-20 straight-chain alkyl substituted with 1 or 2 oxo groups;
[0246] T and T' are independently selected from -OH, -C (O) OH, or C1-3 alkoxyl;
[0247] preferably,
[0248] L1 is selected from a bond or
[0249] L1' is selected from a bond,
[0250] each k is independently selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;
[0251] L2 and L2' are each independently -Ld-Le-, wherein Ld and Le are each independently selected from a bond,
[0252] each p is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0253] each q is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;
[0254] -R'-T' and -R-T are each independently selected from: preferably and
[0255] each n is an integer independently selected from 10 to 22;
[0256] more preferably,
[0257] L1 is a bond or preferably a bond;
[0258] L1' is a bond or preferably
[0259] L2 and L2' are each independently selected from a bond, or preferably
[0260] q is 3, 4, or 5;
[0261] -R'-T' and -R-T are each independently
[0262] each n is an integer independently selected from 10 to 20, such as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, preferably 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18, more preferably 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18.
[0263] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the 5' and / or 3' end of Z comprises an end modification, preferably a modified or unmodified IB or STM.
[0264] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein Z is selected from a compound of formula IV:
[0265] wherein Z' is the remainder of the oligonucleotide;
[0266] M and M' are each independently selected from a bond,
[0267] wherein represents the position of attachment to Z'; represents the position of attachment to T'-R'-L2'-L1'-or -L1-L2-R-T;
[0268] ring B is selected from 3-membered to 7-membered heterocyclyl or C3-7 cycloalkyl, preferably 5-membered to 7-membered heterocyclyl, more preferably 6-membered heterocyclyl;
[0269] Rs is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
[0270] X is selected from hydroxyl or thiol;
[0271] Y is selected from O or S;
[0272] preferably, Z' is the remainder of the oligonucleotide;
[0273] M and M' are each independently selected from a bond, preferably a bond,
[0274] wherein represents the position of attachment to Z'; represents the position of attachment to T'-R'-L2'-L1'-or -L1-L2-R-T;
[0275] Rs is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl, preferably hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0276] X is selected from hydroxyl or thiol.
[0277] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein at least one of M and M' is selected from wherein represents the position of attachment to Z'; represents the position of attachment to T'-R'-L2'-L1'-or -L1-L2-R-T; Rs is selected from hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl.
[0278] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein at least one of M and M' is
[0279] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein at least one of T and T' is carboxyl, for example, both T and T' are carboxyl.
[0280] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein T' is carboxyl and T is hydroxyl, or T' is hydroxyl and T is carboxyl.
[0281] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein T' is hydrogen and T is hydroxyl, or T' is hydrogen and T is carboxyl.
[0282] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein T' is hydroxyl and T is hydroxyl.
[0283] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the oligonucleotide is selected from compounds of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0284] wherein Z is
[0285] T'-R'-L2'-L1'-M'-and -M-L1-L2-R-T are as defined in Table B, and T'-R'-L2'-L1'-M'-and -M-L1-L2-R-T are connected to Z' via sulfate or thiosulfate:
[0286] Table B
[0287] In Table B, the structures of LL50 to LL128 are as defined in Table A. "s" represents that two adjacent structures on the left and right are connected via phosphate or phosphorothioate, and the other structures are shown in the table below:
[0288] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein Z or Z' is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) , preferably for inhibiting a gene expressed extrahepatically;
[0289] preferably, the gene expressed extrahepatically is expressed in one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: the eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, heart, kidney, fat, spleen, and pancreas, wherein the muscle is preferably quadriceps or cardiac muscle, and the fat is preferably subcutaneous fat, gonadal fat, pgWAT, iWAT, or BAT.
[0290] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the oligonucleotide is a siRNA having a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, and the two lipophilic moieties are located at the 5' and 3' ends of the sense strand, respectively.
[0291] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide as described above, wherein the oligonucleotide is a siRNA having a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, and the two lipophilic moieties are located at the 5' and 3' ends of the antisense strand, respectively.
[0292] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of administering to the subject an oligonucleotide by extrahepatic delivery, wherein the oligonucleotide is as defined herein, and the extrahepatic delivery comprises delivery to one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, kidney, fat, and spleen, wherein the muscle is preferably quadriceps or cardiac muscle, and the fat is preferably subcutaneous fat or gonadal fat.
[0293] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of administering the subject an oligonucleotide by extrahepatic delivery, wherein the method comprises delivering the oligonucleotide by systemic or topical administration, preferably a method selected from the group consisting of: intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intrathecal injection, intraocular injection, intramuscular injection, and aerosol spray.
[0294] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a cell comprising an oligonucleotide as described herein.
[0295] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an oligonucleotide as described herein, or a cell as described herein, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0296] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit comprising an oligonucleotide as described herein, a cell as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein.
[0297] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound of formula V or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0298] wherein L2, R, and T are as defined above,
[0299] wherein P1 is a protecting group, such as a carboxyl protecting group, preferably selected from -DMTr, -O-DMTr, or -N3.
[0300] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound of formula V or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein P1 is
[0301] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound of formula V or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the compounds listed in Table C below:
[0302] The present invention also provides a vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the oligonucleotide of the invention. The vector of the present invention can amplify or express a nucleotide encoding the oligonucleotide of the invention linked thereto.
[0303] For example, an oligonucleotide targeting a particular gene can be expressed from a transcription unit inserted into a DNA or RNA vector. Expression can be transient (within hours to weeks) or sustained (weeks to months or longer) , depending on the particular construct used and the target tissue or cell type. A nucleotide encoding the oligonucleotide can be introduced into a linear construct, a circular plasmid, or a viral vector. A nucleotide encoding the oligonucleotide can be stably expressed by integration into the cell genome, or can be stably inherited and expressed extrachromosomally. Generally speaking, a vector expressing the oligonucleotide is usually a DNA plasmid or a viral vector.
[0304] Viral vector systems comprising a sequence encoding the oligonucleotide include, but are not limited to: (a) adenoviral vectors; (b) retroviral vectors; (c) adeno-associated viral vectors; (d) herpes simplex virus vectors; (e) SV40 vectors; (f) polyomavirus vectors; (g) papillomavirus vectors; (h) picornavirus vectors; (i) poxvirus vectors; and (j) helper virus-dependent or gutless adenoviral vectors.
[0305] The present invention also provides a cell comprising an oligonucleotide or vector of the invention, wherein the oligonucleotide or vector of the invention can be transcribed in the cell.
[0306] The present invention also provides a method of administering to the subject an oligonucleotide by extrahepatic delivery, wherein the oligonucleotide is as defined hereinbefore, and the extrahepatic delivery comprises delivery to one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: the eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, heart, kidney, fat, spleen, and pancreas, wherein the muscle is preferably quadriceps or cardiac muscle, and the fat is preferably subcutaneous fat, gonadal fat, pgWAT, iWAT, or BAT.
[0307] In one embodiment, the method comprises delivering the oligonucleotide by systemic or topical administration, wherein the topical administration comprises any of the group consisting of: intrathecal injection, intraocular injection, intramuscular injection, and aerosol spray.
[0308] The present invention specifically relates to the following technical solutions:
[0309] The numbers of compounds and substituents appearing in the following technical solutions A1 to A16 are only valid in technical solutions A1 to A16, and if the numbers in other parts herein conflict with them, the definitions in other parts herein shall prevail.
[0310] Technical solution A1. An oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein one or more sites of the oligonucleotide are conjugated to a lipophilic moiety, and the lipophilic moiety optionally comprises 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups.
[0311] Technical solution A2. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution A1, wherein the oligonucleotide is a dsRNA having a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, wherein one or more sites of the sense strand and / or the antisense strand are conjugated to a lipophilic moiety, and the lipophilic moiety optionally comprises 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups.
[0312] Technical solution A3. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution A1 or A2, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises one or more compounds of formula I, formula II, or formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0313] wherein,
[0314] L1 and L2 represent hydrogen, or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide; L3 represents the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0315] Rs is selected from H, D, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl, wherein Rs may be optionally deuterated or fully deuterated;
[0316] m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
[0317] R is -X-L-R1;
[0318] X is selected from a bond, -C (O) -, -C (O) -C0-10alkylene, -C (O) -C2-10alkenylene, or -C (O) -C2-10alkynylene;
[0319] L is selected from a bond, -NHC (O) -, -C (O) NH-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -S-S-, -NHC (O) O-, -NHC (O) NH-, -OC (O) O-, -OC (O) NH-, -NHC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) NH-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -OC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) O-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -NHC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) NH-CH (R1) -, -OC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) O-CH (R1) -, -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -O-CH (R1) CH2O-, -O-CH2CH (R1) O-, -O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, or -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -;
[0320] R1 is independently C1-30 alkyl, C2-30 alkenyl, or C2-30 alkynyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, wherein non-adjacent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms in the group may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, or -CH2CH2-may be replaced by -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -NHC (O) -, or -C (O) NH-, or substituents on one or more carbon atoms may be linked to form a saturated or unsaturated ring;
[0321] wherein the hydrogen atom in C0-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, C2-10 alkynylene, C1-30 alkyl, C2-30 alkenyl, and C2-30 alkynyl may be optionally replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more halogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl groups, and it is optionally deuterated or fully deuterated.
[0322] Technical solution A4. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution A3, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a compound of formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0323] R is -X-L-R1;
[0324] X is selected from a bond, -C (O) -, or -C (O) -C3-6alkylene;
[0325] L is selected from a bond, -NHC (O) -, or -C (O) NH-;
[0326] Rs is selected from hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0327] R1 is selected from C10-24 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, wherein non-adjacent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms in the group may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, or -CH2CH2-may be replaced by -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -NHC (O) -, or -C (O) NH-, or the hydrogen atom may be optionally replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more halogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl groups, and it is optionally deuterated or fully deuterated;
[0328] other groups are as defined in technical solution A3.
[0329] Technical solution A5. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution A4, wherein R1 is C14-22 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups, preferably C14-16 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 hydroxyl group.
[0330] Technical solution A6. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution A5, wherein R is selected from the following structures:
[0331] Technical solution A7. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution A6, wherein R is selected from the following structures:
[0332] Technical solution A8. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions A3 to A7, wherein L1 is hydrogen.
[0333] Technical solution A9. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions A3 to A7, wherein the compound of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa is located at the 5' end of the sense strand.
[0334] Technical solution A10. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions A3 to A7, wherein the compound of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa is selected from the following structures:
[0335] wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide via phosphate or phosphorothioate.
[0336] Technical solution A11. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions A1 to A10, wherein the oligonucleotide is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) , preferably for inhibiting genes expressed in the central nervous system.
[0337] Technical solution A12. A cell comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions A1 to A11.
[0338] Technical solution A13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions A1 to A11, or a cell of technical solution A12, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0339] Technical solution A14. A kit comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions A1 to A11, a cell of technical solution A12, or a pharmaceutical composition of technical solution A13.
[0340] Technical solution A15. A compound of formula I', formula II', or formula III', or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0341] wherein P1, P2, and P3 are each independently a protecting group, preferably each independently selected from trimethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , acetyl (Ac) , chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl (TFA) , benzoyl, p-methoxybenzoyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) , allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) , benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) , benzyl (Bn) , p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) , allyl, triphenylmethyl (Tr) , di-p-methoxytrityl (DMTr) , methoxymethyl (MOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , methylthiomethyl (MTM) , p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM) , 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, -P (OCH2CH2CN) (N (iPr) 2) , or -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH.
[0342] R' is -X-L-R11;
[0343] R11 is independently C14-22 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 -OAc or -ODMTr, preferably C14-16 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 -OAc or -ODMTr;
[0344] Other groups are as defined in any one of the preceding technical solutions.
[0345] Technical solution A16. A compound according to technical solution A15, wherein P1 is DMTr, and P2 and P3 are each independently -P (OCH2CH2CN) (N (iPr) 2) .
[0346] The numbers of compounds and substituents appearing in the following technical solutions B1 to B23 are only valid technical solutions B1 to B23, and if the numbers in other parts herein conflict with them, the definitions in other parts herein shall prevail.
[0347] Technical solution B1. An oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein one or more sites of the oligonucleotide are conjugated to a lipophilic moiety, and the lipophilic moiety optionally comprises 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups.
[0348] Technical solution B2. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution B1, wherein the oligonucleotide is a dsRNA having a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, wherein one or more sites of the sense strand and / or the antisense strand are conjugated to a lipophilic moiety, and the lipophilic moiety optionally comprises 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups.
[0349] Technical solution B3. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution B1 or B2, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises one or more compounds of formula I, formula II, or formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0350] wherein,
[0351] L1 and L2 represent hydrogen, or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide; L3 represents the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0352] Rs is selected from H, D, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl, wherein Rs may be optionally deuterated or fully deuterated;
[0353] m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
[0354] R is -X-L-R1;
[0355] X is selected from a bond, -C (O) -, -C (O) -C0-10alkylene, -C (O) -C2-10alkenylene, or -C (O) -C2-10alkynylene;
[0356] L is selected from a bond, -NHC (O) -, -C (O) NH-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -S-S-, -NHC (O) O-, -NHC (O) NH-, -OC (O) O-, -OC (O) NH-, -NHC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) NH-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -OC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) O-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -NHC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) NH-CH (R1) -, -OC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) O-CH (R1) -, -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -O-CH (R1) CH2O-, -O-CH2CH (R1) O-, -O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, or -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -;
[0357] R1 is independently C1-30 alkyl, C2-30 alkenyl, or C2-30 alkynyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, wherein non-adjacent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms in the group may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, or -CH2CH2-may be replaced by -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -NHC (O) -, or -C (O) NH-, or substituents on one or more carbon atoms may be linked to form a saturated or unsaturated ring;
[0358] wherein the hydrogen atom in C0-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, C2-10 alkynylene, C1-30 alkyl, C2-30 alkenyl, and C2-30 alkynyl may be optionally replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more halogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl groups, and it is optionally deuterated or fully deuterated.
[0359] Technical solution B4. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution B3, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a compound of formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0360] R is -X-L-R1;
[0361] X is selected from a bond, -C (O) -, or -C (O) -C3-6alkylene;
[0362] L is selected from a bond, -NHC (O) -, or -C (O) NH-;
[0363] Rs is selected from hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0364] R1 is selected from C10-24 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, wherein non-adjacent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms in the group may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, or -CH2CH2-may be replaced by -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -NHC (O) -, or -C (O) NH-, or the hydrogen atom may be optionally replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more halogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl groups, and it is optionally deuterated or fully deuterated;
[0365] Other groups are as defined in technical solution B3.
[0366] Technical solution B5. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution B4, wherein R1 is C14-22 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups, preferably C14-16 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 hydroxyl group.
[0367] Technical solution B6. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution B5, wherein R is selected from the following structures:
[0368] Technical solution B7. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution B6, wherein R is selected from the following structures:
[0369] Technical solution B8. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions B3 to B7, wherein L1 is hydrogen.
[0370] Technical solution B9. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions B3 to B7, wherein the compound of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa is located at the 5' end of the sense strand.
[0371] Technical solution B10. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions B3 to B7, wherein the compound of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa is selected from the following structures:
[0372] wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide via phosphate or phosphorothioate.
[0373] Technical solution B11. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions B1 to B10, wherein the oligonucleotide is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) , preferably for inhibiting genes expressed in the central nervous system.
[0374] Technical solution B12. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions B3 to B7, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises two delivery moieties, wherein the two delivery moieties are each independently a compound of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa and are preferably identical, more preferably located at the 5' and 3' ends of the sense strand, respectively.
[0375] Technical solution B13. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution B12, wherein the delivery moiety is selected from the following structures, wherein ----- represents that the delivery moiety is linked to the 3' carbon or the corresponding position of the preceding nucleotide or nucleotide analog via phosphate, phosphorothioate, or other linking groups, and represents that the delivery moiety is linked to the 5' carbon or the corresponding position of the next nucleotide or nucleotide analog via phosphate, phosphorothioate, or other linking groups; if the corresponding structure is located at an end of the nucleic acid strand, ----- or correspondingly represents attachment to hydrogen, end modification, end protecting group, or other structures available at an end of the nucleic acid strand:
[0376] Technical solution B14. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions B1 to B13, wherein the 3' end of the sense strand is linked to the following structures via phosphate or phosphorothioate:
[0377] Technical solution B15. A method of administering to the subject a dsRNA by extrahepatic delivery, wherein the dsRNA comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, wherein one or more sites of the sense strand and / or the antisense strand are conjugated to a delivery moiety selected from compounds of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula Ia, formula IIa, or formula IIIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each substituent has the meaning as defined in any one of technical solutions B1 to B14.
[0378] Technical solution B16. A method according to technical solution B15, wherein the dsRNA comprises two identical or different delivery moieties selected from LL301, LL311, LL321, LL331, LL341, LL351, LL371, LL381, LL391, or LL401, and the structure of each compound is as defined in technical solution B13.
[0379] Technical solution B17. A method according to technical solution B15 or B16, wherein the extrahepatic delivery comprises delivery to one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: the eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, and kidney, preferably the eye or central nervous system.
[0380] Technical solution B18. A method according to any one of technical solutions B15 to B17, wherein the method comprises delivering the dsRNA by systemic or topical administration, wherein the topical administration comprises any of the group consisting of: intrathecal injection, intraocular injection, intramuscular injection, and aerosol spray.
[0381] Technical solution B19. A cell comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions B1 to B14.
[0382] Technical solution B20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions B1 to B14, or a cell of technical solution B19, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0383] Technical solution B21. A kit comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions B1 to B14, a cell of technical solution B19, or a pharmaceutical composition of technical solution B20.
[0384] Technical solution B22. A compound of formula I', formula II', or formula III', or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0385] wherein P1, P2, and P3 are each independently a protecting group, preferably each independently selected from trimethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , acetyl (Ac) , chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl (TFA) , benzoyl, p-methoxybenzoyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) , allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) , benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) , benzyl (Bn) , p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) , allyl, triphenylmethyl (Tr) , di-p-methoxytrityl (DMTr) , methoxymethyl (MOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , methylthiomethyl (MTM) , p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM) , 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, -P (OCH2CH2CN) (N (iPr) 2) , or -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH.
[0386] R' is -X-L-R11;
[0387] R11 is independently C14-22 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 -OAc or -ODMTr, preferably C14-16 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 -OAc or -ODMTr;
[0388] Other groups are as defined in any one of the preceding technical solutions.
[0389] Technical solution B23. A compound according to technical solution B22, wherein P1 is DMTr, and P2 and P3 are each independently -P (OCH2CH2CN) (N (iPr) 2) or -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH.
[0390] The numbers of compounds and substituents appearing in the following technical solutions C1 to C14 are only valid technical solutions C1 to C14, and if the numbers in other parts herein conflict with them, the definitions in other parts herein shall prevail.
[0391] Technical solution C1. A compound of formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0392] wherein,
[0393] L1 and L2 are independently selected from H, a reactive phosphorus group, a hydroxy-protecting group, or a solid support;
[0394] Rs is selected from H, D, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl, wherein Rs may be optionally deuterated or fully deuterated;
[0395] m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
[0396] R is -C (O) -C0-10alkylene-L-R1, -C (O) -C2-10alkenylene-L-R1, or -C (O) -C2-10alkynylene-L-R1;
[0397] L is a bond, -NHC (O) -, -C (O) NH-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -S-S-, -NHC (O) O-, -NHC (O) NH-, -OC (O) O-, -OC (O) NH-, -NHC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) NH-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -OC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) O-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -NHC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) NH-CH (R1) -, -OC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) O-CH (R1) -, -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -O-CH (R1) CH2O-, -O-CH2CH (R1) O-, -O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, or -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -;
[0398] R1 is independently C1-30 alkyl, C2-30 alkenyl, or C2-30 alkynyl, wherein non-adjacent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms in the group may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, or -CH2CH2-may be replaced by -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -NHC (O) -, or -C (O) NH-, or substituents on one or more carbon atoms may be linked to form a saturated or unsaturated ring;
[0399] wherein the hydrogen atom in C0-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, C2-10 alkynylene, C1-30 alkyl, C2-30 alkenyl, and C2-30 alkynyl may be optionally replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more halogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl groups, and it is optionally deuterated or fully deuterated.
[0400] Technical solution C2. A compound of formula (I) according to technical solution C1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R is -C (O) -C0-10alkylene-L-R1, preferably -C (O) -L-R1, preferably -C (O) -C2-8alkylene-L-R1, more preferably -C (O) -C3-7alkylene-L-R1, more preferably -C (O) -C4-6alkylene-L-R1, more preferably C (O) -C1-3alkylene-L-R1.
[0401] Technical solution C3. A compound of formula (I) according to technical solution C1 or C2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein L is a bond, -NHC (O) -, -C (O) NH-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -S-S-, -NHC (O) O-, -NHC (O) NH-, -OC (O) O-, -OC (O) NH-, -O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, -O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-NH-CH (CH2OH) CH (OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) -, or -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH2CH (NH2) CH (OH) -, preferably a bond, -NHC (O) -, -C (O) NH-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -S-S-, -NHC (O) O-, -NHC (O) NH-, -OC (O) O-, -OC (O) NH-, -O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, or -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, preferably a bond, -NHC (O) -, -S-S-, -NHC (O) O-, -O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, -O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (OH) CH2OH) -, or -NHC (O) -CH2-O-CH (CH (NH2) CH2OH) -, more preferably a bond, -NHC (O) -, -S-S-, or -NHC (O) O-, more preferably -NHC (O) -.
[0402] Technical solution C4. A compound of formula (I) according to technical solution C1 or C2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein, L is -NHC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) NH-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -OC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -C (O) O-CH (OR1) CH2O-, -NHC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) NH-CH (R1) -, -OC (O) -CH (R1) -, -C (O) O-CH (R1) -, -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -O-CH (R1) CH2O-, -O-CH2CH (R1) O-, preferably -NHC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-, -NHC (O) -CH (R1) -, or -CH (OR1) CH2O-, more preferably -NHC (O) -CH (OR1) CH2O-.
[0403] Technical solution C5. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of technical solutions C1 to C4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1 is independently C1-30 alkyl or C2-30 alkenyl, wherein non-adjacent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 carbon atoms in the group may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, or -CH2CH2-may be replaced by -NHC (O) -or -C (O) NH-, or substituents on one or more carbon atoms may be linked to form a saturated or unsaturated ring; preferably, R1 is independently C5-25 alkyl, C10-25 alkenyl containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 double bonds, C5-25 alkyl in which 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms are replaced by the N heteroatom and / or 1, 2, or 3 -CH2CH2-groups are replaced by -C (O) NH-, or C5-25 alkyl in which substituents on one or more carbon atoms are linked to form a steroid ring; preferably, R1 is selected from the following groups:
[0404] C6 alkyl, C8 alkyl, C11 alkyl, C12 alkyl, C13 alkyl, C15 alkyl, C16 alkyl, C17 alkyl, C21 alkyl,
[0405] Technical solution C6. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of technical solutions C1 to C5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein one of L1 and L2 is a reactive phosphorus group, preferably phosphoramidites, H-phosphonates, alkyl-phosphonates, phosphates, or phosphate mimics, such as natural phosphates, borano thiophosphates, phosphorodithioates, boranyl phosphates, boranyl phosphorothioates, phosphonates, halogen-substituted phosphonates and phosphates, phosphoramidates, phosphodiesters, phosphotriesters, phosphorothioates, phosphotriesters, bisphosphates, and triphosphates, preferably -P (OCH2CH2CN) (N (iPr) 2) .
[0406] Technical solution C7. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of technical solutions C1 to C5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein L1 and L2 are selected from protecting groups, preferably a hydroxy-protecting group, such as trimethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , dimethylisopropylsilyl (DMIPS) , diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , acetyl (Ac) , chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl (TFA) , benzoyl, p-methoxybenzoyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) , allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) , benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) , benzyl (Bn) , p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) , allyl, triphenylmethyl (Tr) , di-p-methoxytrityl (DMTr) , methoxymethyl (MOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , methylthiomethyl (MTM) , p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM) , -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH or 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, preferably -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH or 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl, more preferably -C (O) CH2CH2C (O) OH.
[0407] Technical solution C8. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of technical solutions C1 to C7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the following formulas:
[0408] wherein each group is as defined in technical solutions C1 to C7.
[0409] Technical solution C9. A compound according to any one of technical solutions C1 to C8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is selected from:
[0410] Technical solution C10. A method of administering to the subject a dsRNA by extrahepatic delivery, wherein the dsRNA comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, wherein one or more sites of the sense strand and / or the antisense strand are conjugated to a delivery moiety selected from a compound of formula I' or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0411] wherein,
[0412] represents H or a hydroxy-protecting group, or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0413] L2 represents H or a solid support, or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0414] Rs is selected from H, D, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl, wherein Rs may be optionally deuterated or fully deuterated;
[0415] m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
[0416] R is a lipophilic moiety;
[0417] preferably,
[0418] represents H or a hydroxy-protecting group, or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0419] L2 represents H or a solid support, or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0420] Rs. m, and R are as defined in any one of technical solutions C1 to C5.
[0421] Technical solution C11. A method according to technical solution C10, wherein the compound of formula (I') is selected from compounds of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0422] wherein,
[0423] represents H or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0424] L2 represents H or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide;
[0425] each other group is as defined in technical solutions C1 to C5.
[0426] Technical solution C12. A method according to technical solution C10, wherein the compound of formula (I') is selected from compounds of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the following:
[0427] wherein one of represents H or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide, and the other represents H or the position of attachment to an adjacent nucleotide.
[0428] Technical solution C13. A method according to any one of technical solutions C10 to C12, wherein the extrahepatic delivery comprises delivery to one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: the eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, and kidney, preferably the eye or central nervous system.
[0429] Technical solution C14. A method according to any one of technical solutions C10 to C13, wherein the method comprises delivering the dsRNA by systemic or topical administration, wherein the topical administration comprises any of the group consisting of: intrathecal injection, intraocular injection, intramuscular injection, and aerosol spray.
[0430] The numbers of compounds and substituents appearing in the following technical solutions D1 to D23 are only valid technical solutions D1 to D23, and if the numbers in other parts herein conflict with them, the definitions in other parts herein shall prevail.
[0431] D1. An oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises two identical or different lipophilic moieties located at the 5' and 3' ends of the oligonucleotide, respectively, and the lipophilic moieties are each independently a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0432] wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide;
[0433] R is a lipid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms;
[0434] T is selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, sulfo, tetrazolyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxyl.
[0435] D2. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution D1, wherein the lipid comprises 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.
[0436] D3. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution D1 or D2, wherein the lipid is a straight-chain lipid optionally comprising 1 to 8 alkenylene groups, wherein the lipid is optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl or carbonyl groups.
[0437] D4. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D1 to D3, wherein T is selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, sulfo, tetrazolyl, C1-3 alkoxyl, -OCH2CH2OH, -OCH2CH (OH) CH2OH, or -OCH (CH2OH) 2.
[0438] D5. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D1 to D4, wherein the lipophilic moieties are each independently a compound of formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0439] wherein R1 and R3 are each independently -C (O) -or -CH2-;
[0440] R2 is C8-28 straight-chain alkyl, optionally comprising 1 alkenylene group, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups.
[0441] D6. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D1 to D5, wherein -R-T is each independently selected from:
[0442] wherein m and n may be any integer, provided that R contains a total of 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably a total of 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.
[0443] D7. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D1 to D6, wherein the oligonucleotide is a compound of formula III or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0444] wherein Z is an oligonucleotide;
[0445] L1 and L1' are each independently absent or selected from a bond,
[0446] L2 and L2' are each independently -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently absent or selected from a bond,
[0447] p is an integer from 0 to 10;
[0448] q is an integer from 0 to 10;
[0449] R' and T' are defined the same as R and T, and R and T are as defined in any one of technical solutions D1 to D5.
[0450] D8. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution D7, wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently absent or selected from a bond,
[0451] q is an integer from 1 to 9.
[0452] D9. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution D7 or D8, wherein L2 and L2' are each independently a bond or selected from the group consisting of:
[0453] D10. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D7 to D9, wherein -L2-R-T and -L2'-R'-T' are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
[0454] D11. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D7 to D10, wherein the 5' and / or 3' end of Z comprises an end modification, preferably a modified or unmodified IB or STM.
[0455] D12. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D7 to D11, wherein Z is a compound of formula IV:
[0456] wherein Z' is an oligonucleotide, and M and M' are each independently selected from a bond,
[0457] wherein represents the position of attachment to Z'; represents the position of attachment to the lipophilic moiety; Rs is selected from hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl; X is selected from hydroxyl or thiol.
[0458] D13. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D7 to D12, wherein Z or Z' is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) , preferably for inhibiting genes expressed extrahepatically.
[0459] D14. An oligonucleotide according to technical solution D13, wherein the gene expressed extrahepatically is expressed in one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: the eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, kidney, fat, and spleen, wherein the muscle is preferably quadriceps or cardiac muscle, and the fat is preferably subcutaneous fat or gonadal fat.
[0460] D15. An oligonucleotide according to any one of technical solutions D7 to D14, wherein the oligonucleotide is a siRNA having a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, and the two lipophilic moieties are located at the 5' and 3' ends of the sense strand, respectively.
[0461] D16. A method of administering to the subject an oligonucleotide by extrahepatic delivery, wherein the oligonucleotide is as defined in any one of technical solutions D1 to D14, and the extrahepatic delivery comprises delivery to one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: the eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, kidney, fat, and spleen, wherein the muscle is preferably quadriceps or cardiac muscle, and the fat is preferably subcutaneous fat or gonadal fat.
[0462] D17. A method according to technical solution D16, wherein the method comprises delivering the oligonucleotide by systemic or topical administration, wherein the topical administration comprises any of the group consisting of: intrathecal injection, intraocular injection, intramuscular injection, and aerosol spray.
[0463] D18. A cell comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions D1 to D15.
[0464] D19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions D1 to D15, or a cell of technical solution D18, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0465] D20. A kit comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of technical solutions D1 to D15, a cell of technical solution D18, or a pharmaceutical composition of technical solution D19.
[0466] D21. A compound of formula V or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof:
[0467] wherein L2, R, and T are as defined in any one of technical solutions 1 to 10,
[0468] wherein P1 is a protecting group, preferably selected from -DMT, -O-DMT, or -N3.
[0469] D22. A compound according to technical solution D21, wherein P1 is
[0470] D23. A compound according to technical solution D22, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
[0471] Synthesis Examples
[0472] The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
[0473] Abbreviations
[0474] Example 1: Preparation of Intermediate Compound
[0475] Example 1.1: Preparation of Compound EE1
[0476] 1. Synthesis of Compound 2
[0477] To a solution of compound 1 (10 g, 67.949 mmol, synthesized with reference to the method in patent WO2023143571A1) in MeOH (100 mL) , TEA (20.63 g, 203.846 mmol) and CBZ-OSU (25.40 g, 101.923 mmol) were sequentially added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. A large amount of water was added, and the mixture was extracted with DCM (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 2 (12.9 g, 45.857 mmol, 67.49%) .
[0478] 2. Synthesis of Compound 3
[0479] Compound 2 (10 g, 17.13 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (100 mL) . TBSCl (3.87 g, 25.70 mmol) and imidazole (2.33 g, 34.27 mmol) were added on an ice bath to react overnight at room temperature. The reaction was terminated by adding a sufficient amount of water. The reaction mixture was extracted three times with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 3 (10.3 g, 86%) .
[0480] 3. Synthesis of Compound 4
[0481] Compound 3 (10.3 g, 14.76 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (100 mL) . Palladium on carbon (1 g) was added to react overnight under a hydrogen atmosphere. Water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 100 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent to obtain crude compound 4 (8 g, 96%) .
[0482] 4. Synthesis of Compound 5
[0483] Compound 4 (5 g, 8.87 mmol) and 2-tetradecyloxirane (2.35 g, 9.76 mmol) were added to a mixed solvent of ethanol (100 mL) and water (50 mL) , stirred vigorously, and heated at 50℃for reaction for 48 h. Water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 100 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 5 (6.1 g, 85%) .
[0484] 5. Synthesis of Compound 6
[0485] Compound 5 (6.1 g, 7.58 mmol) , triethylamine (2.3 g, 22.75 mmol) , DMAP (93 mg, 0.76 mmol) , and acetic anhydride (1.16 g, 11.38 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and allowed to react at room temperature overnight. Water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 100 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent to obtain crude compound 6 (5.6 g, 87%) .
[0486] 6. Synthesis of Compound 7
[0487] Compound 6 (5.6 g, 6.62 mmol) and TBAF (9.93 mL in 1 M THF, 9.93 mmol) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) and allowed to react at room temperature for 3 h. Water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 100 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 7 (4.0 g, 82%) .
[0488] 7. Synthesis of Compound EE1
[0489] Compound 7 (1 g, 1.37 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) , and 4, 5-dicyanoimidazole (0.13 g, 1 mmol) and compound 8 (0.62 g, 2 mmol) were added successively on an ice bath under a nitrogen atmosphere. After reaction at room temperature for 3 h, water (50 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 20 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain EE1 (0.9 g, 71%) .
[0490] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.44 (ddd, J = 7.6, 3.5, 2.1 Hz, 2H) , 7.35-7.27 (m, 6H) , 7.24-7.15 (m, 1H) , 6.88-6.78 (m, 4H) , 4.99 (tt, J = 7.1, 2.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.05-3.88 (m, 2H) , 3.80 (s, 9H) , 3.65-3.56 (m, 2H) , 3.35-3.25 (m, 1H) , 3.14-2.98 (m, 1H) , 2.70-2.23 (m, 8H) , 2.03-1.93 (m, 4H) , 1.57 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 3H) , 1.31-1.23 (m, 22H) , 1.19 (ddd, J = 9.1, 4.3, 2.3 Hz, 10H) , 1.16 (s, 1H) , 0.91-0.87 (m, 3H) . 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3) δ149.09, 149.04, 148.57, 148.41.
[0491] Example 1.2: Preparation of Compound EE2
[0492] 1. Preparation of Compound 2c
[0493] Compound 2a (8.0 g, 24.4 mmol, synthesized using the method described in patent WO2023143571 A1) and compound 2b (1.43 mL, 13.7 mmol) were dissolved in MeOH (80.0 mL) at 25℃, and acetic acid (3.79 mL, 36.7 mmol) was added. After stirring at 25℃ for 5 h, sodium cyanoborohydride (4.54 g, 73.3 mmol) was added and stirred for 12 h. To the reaction mixture, dichloromethane (200 mL) was added, and the mixture was washed three times with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL × 3) and saturated brine (50 mL × 3) in sequence. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, PE / EtOAc = 1 / 0 to 20 / 1) to obtain compound 2c (6.8 g, yield 68.0%) .
[0494] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27-7.38 (m, 10H) , 4.44-4.71 (m, 4H) , 3.91-4.03 (m, 2H) , 3.56-3.70 (m, 4H) , 2.56-2.65 (m, 2H) , 2.46-2.50 (m, 2H) , 2.11-2.22 (m, 1H) , 1.69-1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.61 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.06-1.28 (m, 5H) .
[0495] 2. Preparation of Compound 2d
[0496] Compound 2c (6.8 g, 16.6 mmol) was added to THF (70.0 mL) at 25℃, followed by the addition of Pd / C 10% (1.0 g, 9.3 mmol) and Pd (OH) 2 (1.0 g, 7.12 mmol) in sequence. The mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 12 h under a 15 psi hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, DCM / MeOH = 1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to obtain compound 2d (3.0 g, yield 78.7%) .
[0497] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 3.71-3.88 (m, 4H) , 3.54-3.63 (m, 2H) , 2.58-2.62 (m, 2H) , 2.46-2.50 (m, 2H) , 2.15-2.26 (m, 1H) , 1.77-1.91 (m, 4H) , 1.63 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.21-1.31 (m, 5H) .
[0498] 3. Preparation of Compound 2f
[0499] Compound 2d (2.45 g, 10.7 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (20.0 mL) . After cooling to 0℃, NaH (1.28 g, 32.0 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (0.39 g, 1.07 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 0.5 h. Subsequently, compound 2e (3.76 g, 10.684 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 12 h. To the reaction mixture, saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (50 mL) was added. The mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate (50.0 mL × 3) , and the organic phases were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, DCM / EtOAc = 1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to obtain compound 2f (650 mg, yield 13.4%) .
[0500] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 3.90-3.96 (m, 1H) , 3.71-3.80 (m, 2H) , 3.45-3.64 (m, 5H) , 2.57-2.68 (m, 2H) , 2.46-2.50 (m, 2H) , 2.16-2.25 (m, 1H) , 1.78-1.91 (m, 4H) , 1.53-1.69 (m, 3H) , 1.10-1.41 (m, 32H) , 0.86-0.95 (m, 3H) .
[0501] 4. Preparation of Compound EE2
[0502] Compound 2f (790 mg, 1.74 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10.0 mL) at 25℃. Then, DCI (154 mg, 1.31 mmol) and compound 2g (787 mg, 2.62 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, PE (0.02%TEA) / EA = 1 / 0 to 10 / 1) to obtain compound EE2 (485 mg, yield 42.6%) .
[0503] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.77-3.94 (m, 5H) , 3.51-3.75 (m, 5H) , 3.38-3.48 (m, 2H) , 2.59-2.69 (m, 4H) , 2.38-2.55 (m, 2H) , 2.15-2.26 (m, 1H) , 1.70-1.82 (m, 4H) , 1.. 61-1.65 (m, 1H) , 1.52-1.56 (m, 1H) , 1.26 (s, 26H) , 1.19 (dd, J = 2.4, 6.4 Hz, 16H) , 0.85-0.92 (m, 3H) .
[0504] LCMS: m / z = 654.5 (M+H) +.
[0505] 1.3 Preparation of Compounds EE3, EE5 and EE6
[0506] Compound EE3 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.2, except that tetradecyl iodide was used instead of compound 2e.
[0507] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 3.82-3.68 (m, 4H) , 3.70-3.60 (m, 2H) , 3.60-3.51 (m, 2H) , 3.45-3.41 (m, 2H) , 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H) , 2.75 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.44-2.37 (m, 1H) , 2.36-2.28 (m, 1H) , 2.17-2.11 (m, 1H) , 1.74-1.66 (m, 4H) , 1.58-1.51 (m, 1H) , 1.49-1.42 (m, 2H) , 1.24 (s, 22H) , 1.21-1.16 (m, 5H) , 1.16-1.11 (m, 12H) , 1.10-1.05 (m, 2H) , 0.85 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) .
[0508] LCMS: m / z = 626.61 (M+H) +
[0509] 1.4 Preparation of Compound EE4
[0510] 1. Preparation of Compound 4b
[0511] To oxalyl chloride (0.477 mL, 5.64 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10.0 mL) , a solution of DMSO (0.939 mL, 13.1 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (2 mL) was added at -70℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere and reacted at -70℃ for 30 min. A solution of compound 4a (1.0 g, 1.88 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (2 mL) and TEA (3.13 mL, 22.5 mmol, 12.0 eq) were then added and reacted at -70℃ for 45 min. After the reaction was completed, saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (10.0 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with DCM (20.0 mL × 2) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (20.0 mL × 2) , and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to obtain crude compound 4b (990 mg) .
[0512] 2. Preparation of Compound 4d
[0513] n-BuLi (2.46 mL, 6.16 mmol) (2.50 M in n-hexane) was added to a solution of compound 4c (1.12 g 5.60 mmol) in THF (40.0 mL) at -30℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere and reacted at -30℃ for 30 min. A solution of compound 4b (990 mg, 1.86 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added and reacted at 0℃ for 2 h. To the reaction mixture, saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (60.0 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20.0 mL × 2) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (20.0 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to obtain compound 4d (810 mg, 58.7%) .
[0514] 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.49-7.19 (m, 9H) , 6.89-6.85 (m, 4H) , 4.60-4.56 (m, 1H) , 4.12-3.98 (m, 1H) , 3.78 (s, 6H) , 3.55-3.51 (m, 1H) , 3.30-3.25 (m, 1H) , 3.20-3.09 (m, 1H) , 2.80-2.59 (m, 3H) , 2.50-2.40 (m, 1H) , 2.21-2.14 (m, 3H) , 1.70-1.74 (m, 4H) , 1.59-1.57 (m, 1H) , 1.51-1.37 (m, 4H) , 1.34-1.11 (m, 24H) , 0.87 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) .
[0515] 3. Preparation of Compound 4e
[0516] Pd(OH) 2 / C (1.0 g, 7.12 mmol) was added to anhydrous THF (100 mL) . Then, compound 4d (810 mg, 1.09 mmol) was added and reacted at 25℃ for 24 h under a 50 psi hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 100 / 1 to 10 / 1) to obtain compound 4e (560 mg, 64.6%) .
[0517] 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.49-7.19 (m, 9H) , 6.88-6.86 (m, 4H) , 4.24-3.89 (m, 1H) , 3.78-3.68 (m, 7H) , 3.48-3.30 (m, 1H) , 3.36-3.22 (m, 1H) , 3.17-3.10 (m, 1H) , 2.69-2.57 (m, 3H) , 2.44-2.37 (m, 1H) , 2.24-2.16 (m, 1H) , 1.75-1.66 (m, 4H) , 1.59-1.42 (m, 3H) , 1.42-1.11 (m, 31H) , 0.87 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) .
[0518] 4. Preparation of Compound EE4
[0519] Compound 4e (560 mg, 0.755 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (5.60 mL) , and compound 4f (0.360 mL, 1.13 mmol) and DCI (98.0 mg, 0.83 mmol) were sequentially added at 0℃. After addition, the mixture was allowed to react at 25℃ for 1.5 h. To the reaction mixture, methyl tert-butyl ether (30.0 mL) was added, and the mixture was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (30.0 mL × 6) . The organic phase was collected, washed with brine (30.0 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 100 / 1 to 15 / 1) to obtain compound EE4 (670 mg, 79.0%) .
[0520] 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.49-7.19 (m, 9H) , 6.90-6.86 (m, 4H) , 4.12-4.02 (m, 1H) , 3.92-3.79 (m, 1H) , 3.79-3.78 (m, 6H) , 3.78-3.17 (m, 6H) , 2.76-2.26 (m, 7H) , 1.76-1.56 (m, 6H) , 1.49-1.37 (3H) , 1.37-1.05 (m, 43H) , 0.88 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) .
[0521] 1.5 Preparation of Other Intermediate Compounds
[0522] Other intermediate compounds were prepared with reference to the above examples, except that the key compounds (shown below) were replaced and necessary adjustments were made, which are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0523] Compound EE5 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.2, except that 4, 4'- ( ( (16-iodohexadecyl) oxy (phenyl) methylene) bis (methoxybenzene) was used instead of compound 2e.
[0524] Compound EE6 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.2, except that 4, 4'- ( ( (14-iodotetradecyl) oxy (phenyl) methylene) bis (methoxybenzene) was used instead of compound 2e.
[0525] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.48 –7.40 (m, 2H) , 7.35 –7.30 (m, 4H) , 7.30 –7.26 (m, 2H) , 7.23 –7.17 (m, 1H) , 6.85 –6.79 (m, 4H) , 3.87 (dtdd, J = 16.7, 8.1, 3.7, 1.8 Hz, 4H) , 3.79 (s, 6H) , 3.72 –3.37 (m, 7H) , 3.02 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.63 (ddt, J = 15.9, 7.6, 3.1 Hz, 4H) , 2.53 –2.39 (m, 2H) , 2.18 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.01 (s, 1H) , 1.76 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H) , 1.63 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.59 –1.50 (m, 4H) , 1.34 –1.21 (m, 27H) , 1.18 (dd, J = 6.8, 3.1 Hz, 15H) .
[0526] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.46 –7.41 (m, 2H) , 7.35 –7.24 (m, 6H) , 7.22 –7.16 (m, 1H) , 6.85 –6.78 (m, 4H) , 3.95 –3.77 (m, 11H) , 3.75 –3.50 (m, 5H) , 3.46–3.38 (m, 2H) , 3.02 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.69 –2.58 (m, 4H) , 2.54 –2.38 (m, 2H) , 2.23 –2.14 (m, 1H) , 1.82 –1.73 (m, 4H) , 1.66 –1.49 (m, 6H) , 1.40 –1.22 (m, 24H) , 1.21 –1.16 (m, 12H) .
[0527] Compound EE7 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.4, except that 4, 4'- ( (hexadec-15-yn-1-oxy) (phenyl) methylene) bis (methoxybenzene) was used instead of compound 4c.
[0528] Compound EE8 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.4, except that 4, 4'- (phenyl (tetradec-13-yn-1-oxy) methylene) bis (methoxybenzene) was used instead of compound 4c.
[0529] Compound EE9 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.4, except that tetradec-1-yn was used instead of compound 4c.
[0530] Compound EE10 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.1, except that 16-iodohexadecyl acetate was used instead of 2-tetradecyloxirane.
[0531] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.46 –7.41 (m, 2H) , 7.36 –7.24 (m, 6H) , 7.23 –7.17 (m, 1H) , 6.88 –6.78 (m, 4H) , 4.09 –3.95 (m, 3H) , 3.94 –3.64 (m, 11H) , 3.63 –3.52 (m, 2H) , 3.33 –3.25 (m, 1H) , 3.14 (ddd, J = 21.2, 9.1, 6.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.65 –2.12 (m, 8H) , 2.04 (s, 3H) , 1.64 –1.58 (m, 2H) , 1.46 –1.23 (m, 26H) , 1.21 –1.10 (m, 12H) .
[0532] Compound EE11 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.1, except that 16-acetoxyhexadecanoic acid, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy) dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate, and dichloromethane were used instead of 2-tetradecyloxirane, ethanol, and water.
[0533] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.44 –7.36 (m, 2H) , 7.33 –7.25 (m, 6H) , 7.24 –7.14 (m, 1H) , 6.85 –6.79 (m, 4H) , 4.05 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.94 –3.81 (m, 2H) , 3.79 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 6H) , 3.77 –3.70 (m, 2H) , 3.68 –3.44 (m, 4H) , 3.35 –3.26 (m, 1H) , 3.23 –3.05 (m, 2H) , 2.68 –2.41 (m, 2H) , 2.34 –2.09 (m, 2H) , 2.04 (s, 3H) , 2.00 (s, 3H) , 1.64 –1.51 (m, 4H) , 1.36 –1.22 (m, 22H) , 1.22 –1.10 (m, 12H) .
[0534] Compound EE12 was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1.1, except that 6- (16-acetoxyhexadecanamide) hexanoic acid, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy) dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate, and dichloromethane were used instead of 2-tetradecyloxirane, ethanol, and water.
[0535] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.74 –7.60 (m, 1H) , 7.40 –7.34 (m, 2H) , 7.30 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.26 –7.19 (m, 5H) , 6.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H) , 3.96 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H) , 3.73 (s, 6H) , 3.72 –3.61 (m, 5H) , 3.60 –3.45 (m, 5H) , 3.20 –3.09 (m, 1H) , 3.04 –2.93 (m, 3H) , 2.74 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.72 –2.66 (m, 1H) , 2.30 –2.19 (m, 2H) , 2.04 –1.99 (m, 2H) , 1.98 (s, 3H) , 1.57 –1.49 (m, 2H) , 1.49 –1.40 (m, 4H) , 1.39 –1.31 (m, 2H) , 1.22 (s, 26H) , 1.16 –1.01 (m, 12H) .
[0536] 1.6 Preparation of Compound EE13
[0537] Compound 13-1 was synthesized with reference to the synthesis of intermediate Int-1 described in PCT Publication No. WO2023143571A1.
[0538] To a solution of (9Z) -9-octadecenoic acid (100 mg, 0.145 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL) , diisopropylethylamine (1.071 mL, 6.479 mmol) , EDCI (496.78 mg, 2.591 mmol) , and HOBt (0.29 g, 2.182 mmol) were added. After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for half an hour, compound 13-1 (970.10 mg, 2.160 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After LCMS showed that the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was washed once with water. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted twice with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed once with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was isolated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-100%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain compound 13-2 (1.1 g, 1.204 mmol, 55.76%) .
[0539] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.40 –7.34 (m, 2H) , 7.31 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.27 –7.19 (m, 5H) , 6.88 (dd, J = 9.0, 2.2 Hz, 4H) , 5.37 –5.27 (m, 2H) , 4.76 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.68 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.96 –3.89 (m, 1H) , 3.88 –3.82 (m, 1H) , 3.74 (s, 6H) , 3.61 –3.46 (m, 3H) , 3.45 –3.34 (m, 2H) , 3.30 –3.24 (m, 1H) , 3.18 –3.10 (m, 1H) , 3.00 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.88 (dd, J = 13.1, 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.29 –2.16 (m, 2H) , 2.13 –2.06 (m, 1H) , 1.49 –1.35 (m, 2H) , 1.23 (s, 20H) , 0.84 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) .
[0540] 2. Preparation of Compound EE13
[0541] To a solution of compound 13-2 (1 g, 1.402 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) , CTPPA (0.63 g, 2.102 mmol) and 4, 5-dicyanoimidazole (0.20 g, 1.682 mmol) were added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After LCMS showed that the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was washed once with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted twice with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed once with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was isolated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-24%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether + 1%triethylamine) to obtain EE13 (0.97 g, 1.062 mmol, 75.78%) as a colorless syrup.
[0542] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.40 –7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.30 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.27 –7.19 (m, 4H) , 6.90 –6.85 (m, 4H) , 5.37 –5.26 (m, 2H) , 3.99 –3.84 (m, 1H) , 3.73 (s, 6H) , 3.72 –3.61 (m, 4H) , 3.60 –3.45 (m, 6H) , 3.43 –3.32 (m, 1H) , 3.25 –3.08 (m, 1H) , 3.04 –2.94 (m, 1H) , 2.73 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.71 –2.62 (m, 1H) , 2.32 –2.18 (m, 2H) , 2.17 –2.08 (m, 1H) , 2.04 –1.91 (m, 4H) , 1.48 –1.34 (m, 2H) , 1.23 (s, 20H) , 1.15 –1.05 (m, 12H) , 0.84 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H) .
[0543] 1.7 Preparation of Compound EE14
[0544] To a solution of compound 13-2 (113 mg, 0.158 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) , diisopropylethylamine (0.157 mL, 0.950 mmol) , succinic anhydride (95.10 mg, 0.950 mmol) , and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4.84 mg, 0.040 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After LCMS showed that the reaction was complete, the mixture was washed once with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted twice with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed once with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was separated and purified by reversed-phase flash column chromatography (0-60%acetonitrile / water) to obtain EE14 (41 mg, 0.050 mmol, 31.54%) as a pale yellow oil.
[0545] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.23 (s, 1H) , 7.41 –7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.31 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.27 –7.18 (m, 5H) , 6.91 –6.84 (m, 4H) , 5.37 –5.26 (m, 2H) , 4.15 (dd, J = 11.6, 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.06 (dd, J = 11.5, 4.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.00 –3.87 (m, 4H) , 3.73 (s, 6H) , 3.66 –3.58 (m, 2H) , 3.57 –3.49 (m, 1H) , 3.48 –3.39 (m, 1H) , 3.23 –3.08 (m, 1H) , 3.05 –2.95 (m, 1H) , 2.48 –2.43 (m, 1H) , 2.31 –2.17 (m, 2H) , 2.16 –2.06 (m, 1H) , 2.02 –1.93 (m, 4H) , 1.49 –1.35 (m, 2H) , 1.23 (s, 20H) , 0.84 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) .
[0546] 1.8 Preparation of Compound EE15
[0547] To a solution of compound 15-1 (100 mg, 0.367 mmol) and Et3N (0.153 mL, 1.101 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) , COMU (172.92 mg, 0.404 mmol) and 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (67.05 mg, 0.404 mmol) were sequentially added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (0-100%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain EE15 (106 mg, 62.4%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.99 (tt, J = 9.9, 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.64 (td, J = 6.6, 2.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.67 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.78 (p, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.59 –1.54 (m, 3H) , 1.38 –1.23 (m, 22H) .
[0548] Compounds EE24, EE25, and EE26 were synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE15:
[0549] 1.9 Preparation of Compound EE16
[0550] To a solution of compound 16-1 (200 mg, 0.70 mmol) and Et3N (0.29 mL, 2.1 mmol) in super dry N, N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) , COMU (329 mg, 0.77 mmol) and 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (128 mg, 0.77 mmol) were sequentially added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain EE16 (53 mg, 17.5%) .
[0551] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.92 (s, 1H) , 7.93 (tt, J = 10.9, 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.76 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.18 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.67 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.47 (p, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) , 1.40 –1.32 (m, 2H) , 1.30 –1.20 (m, 20H) .
[0552] 1.10 Preparation of Compound EE17
[0553] 1. Preparation of Compound 17-1
[0554] A solution of compound 17-1 (500 mg, 1.5 mmol) and potassium hydroxide (252 mg, 4.5 mmol) in methanol was heated to reflux overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the methanol. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and 1 N HCl (25 mL) and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed once with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and spin-dried. The residue was isolated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-15%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain compound 17-2 (260 mg, 60.7%) .
[0555] LCMS: m / z = 287.1 (M+H) +.
[0556] 2. Preparation of Compound EE17
[0557] To a solution of compound 17-2 (100 mg, 0.35 mmol) and Et3N (0.146 mL, 1.05 mmol) in super dry N, N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) , COMU (164 mg, 0.38 mmol) and 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (64 mg, 0.38 mmol) were sequentially added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (0-10%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain compound EE17 (100 mg, 65.9%) .
[0558] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.93 (tt, J = 10.9, 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.28 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.20 (s, 3H) , 2.76 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.67 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.46 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 1.39 –1.18 (m, 22H) .
[0559] Compound EE27 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE17:
[0560] 1.11 Preparation of Compound EE18
[0561] 1. Preparation of Compound 1b
[0562] To a suspension of compound 1a (500 mg, 1.63 mmol) in ethylene glycol (5 mL) , KOH (274 mg, 4.89 mmol) was added and stirred at 110℃ overnight. Water (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was separated and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (20 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (20 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound 1b (245 mg, yield 52%) as a white solid.
[0563] 2. Preparation of Compound EE18
[0564] To a solution of compound 1b (245 mg, 0.71 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) , compound 1c (130 mg, 0.78 mmol) , triethylamine (0.3 mL, 2.13 mmol) , and COMU (335 mg, 0.78 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Water (10 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was separated and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (10 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (20 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound EE18 (150 mg, yield 43%) as a white solid.
[0565] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.98 (tt, J = 9.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.76 –3.71 (m, 2H) , 3.55 –3.51 (m, 2H) , 3.47 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.66 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.78 (p, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.59 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.42 (td, J = 7.7, 7.0, 3.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.32 –1.24 (m, 24H) .
[0566] Compounds EE28, and EE29 were synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE18:
[0567] 1.12 Preparation of Compound EE19
[0568] 1. Preparation of Compound 2b
[0569] To a suspension of compound 2a (500 mg, 1.63 mmol) in glycerol (5 mL) , KOH (231 mg, 4.13 mmol) was added and stirred at 110℃ overnight. Water (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was separated and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (20 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (20 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound 2b (156 mg, yield 30%) as a white solid.
[0570] 2. Preparation of Compound EE19
[0571] To a solution of compound 2b (150 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) , compound 2c (73 mg, 0.44 mmol) , triethylamine (0.17 mL, 1.2 mmol) , and COMU (188 mg, 0.44 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Water (10 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was separated and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (10 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (20 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound EE19 (70 mg, yield 33%) .
[0572] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.93 (tt, J = 10.9, 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.54 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.42 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 (h, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.37 –3.31 (m, 4H) , 3.25 (td, J = 10.0, 5.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.76 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.67 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.46 (q, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H) , 1.40 –1.25 (m, 26H) .
[0573] Compounds EE30, and EE31 were synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE19:
[0574] 1.13 Preparation of Compound EE20
[0575] 1. Preparation of Compound 2
[0576] To compound 1 (2 g, 7.80 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) , tetrafluorophenol (1.42 g, 8.58 mmol) , COMU (3.67 g, 8.58 mmol) , and TEA (2.37 g, 23.4 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 16 h. Water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was separated and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (50 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (100 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound 2 (2.80 g, yield 88.7%) .
[0577] 2. Preparation of Compound 3
[0578] To a mixed solution of compound 2 (300 mg, 0.74 mmol) in THF (2 mL) and H2O (4 mL) , 2a (180 mg, 0.82 mmol) and K2CO3 (205 mg, 1.48 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Water (30 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was then adjusted to pH 3 with 1 N hydrochloric acid and filtered. The filter cake was washed three times with water and dried to obtain compound 3 (280 mg, yield 82.1%) as a white solid.
[0579] 3. Preparation of Compound EE20
[0580] To compound 3 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) , tetrafluorophenol (23.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) , COMU (61 mg, 0.14 mmol) , and TEA (39.6 mg, 0.39 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 16 h. Water (10 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was separated and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (10 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (20 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound EE20 (40 mg, yield 50.4%) .
[0581] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.00 (tt, J = 9.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H) , δ 6.04 (t, J = 9.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H) , δ 3.89 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.65 (dddd, J = 15.7, 5.9, 4.3, 2.5 Hz, 8H) , 3.55 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.44 (q, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.95 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.20 –2.11 (m, 2H) , 1.26 (dd, J = 11.0, 3.7 Hz, 24H) , 0.88 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) .
[0582] 1.14 Preparation of Compound EE20
[0583] 2. Preparation of Compound 20-2
[0584] To a suspension of ( (2S, 6S) -morpholine-2, 6-diyl) dimethanol hydrochloride (10 g, 54.624 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) , triethylamine (16.58 g, 163.872 mmol) and ethyl trifluoroacetate (15.52 g, 109.248 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After LCMS showed that the reaction was complete, the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash column chromatography (0-20%ACN in water) to obtain compound 20-2 (11.1 g, 45.7 mmol, 83.60%) . LCMS: m / z = 243.84 (M+H) +
[0585] 3. Preparation of Compound 20-3
[0586] To a solution of compound 20-2 (5 g, 20.570 mmol) in super dry pyridine (50 mL) , a solution of DMTrCl (6.27 g, 18.513 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added dropwise under a nitrogen atmosphere and on an ice-water bath. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed once with water, and extracted twice with dichloromethane after the aqueous phase was separated. The three organic phases were combined, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, washed once with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was isolated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-30%-60%EtOAc in PE) to obtain compound 20-3 (2.7 g, 4.952 mmol, 24.08%) .
[0587] 4. Preparation of Compound EE20
[0588] To a solution of compound 20-3 (1.82 g, 6.053 mmol) in super dry DCM (22 mL) , bis (diisopropylamino) (2-cyanoethoxy) phosphine (1.82 g, 6.053 mmol) and 4, 5-dicyanoimidazole (0.62 g, 5.246 mmol) were added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After TLC showed that the reaction was complete, the mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and extracted twice with dichloromethane after the aqueous phase was separated. The three organic phases were combined, washed once with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was isolated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-42%EtOAc in PE, eluent containing 1%Et3N) to obtain EE20 (2.8 g, 3.757 mmol, 93.10%) . LCMS: m / z = 746.28 (M+H) +.
[0589] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.40 –7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.34 –7.28 (m, 2H) , 7.27 –7.20 (m, 5H) , 6.88 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.5 Hz, 4H) , 4.06 (dq, J = 34.0, 4.1, 3.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.96 –3.79 (m, 1H) , 3.74 (s, 6H) , 3.71 –3.61 (m, 6H) , 3.60 –3.39 (m, 4H) , 3.24 –2.88 (m, 2H) , 2.78 –2.63 (m, 2H) , 1.18 –1.01 (m, 12H) .
[0590] 1.15 Preparation of Compound EE21
[0591] To a solution of compound 20-3 (2.7 g, 4.967 mmol) in DCM (27 mL) , DIEA (4.1 mL, 29.8 mmol) , DMAP (0.12 g, 0.99 mmol) , and succinic anhydride (2.98 g, 29.8 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then spin-dried. The residue was isolated and purified by flash column chromatography (DCM: MeOH = 1: 0 to 10: 1) to obtain EE21 (1.6 g, 50.05%) .
[0592] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.92 (s, 1H) , 7.38 (ddd, J = 8.3, 3.0, 1.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.31 (td, J = 7.6, 1.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.27 –7.21 (m, 5H) , 6.89 (dt, J = 8.8, 1.3 Hz, 4H) , 4.22 (td, J = 11.6, 6.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.04 (dddd, J = 21.7, 9.5, 6.0, 3.7 Hz, 2H) , 3.86 (p, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.74 (s, 6H) , 3.66 (ddd, J = 17.2, 9.0, 3.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.57 –3.41 (m, 3H) , 3.19 (dd, J = 9.9, 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.11 –2.94 (m, 2H) , 2.45 (dtd, J = 7.4, 4.7, 4.2, 1.8 Hz, 2H) . 19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -68.10 (d, J = 44.1 Hz) .
[0593] 1.16 Preparation of Compound EE22
[0594] To a solution of compound 22-1 (5 g, 38.12 mmol) and triethylamine (5.35 mL, 38.50 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) , ethyl trifluoroacetate (5.4 mL, 45.74 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated, and 1 N HCl (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL) were added to the residue. The aqueous phase was extracted and the organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to obtain compound 22-2 (8.4 g, yield 97.0%) .
[0595] 2. Preparation of Compound 22-3
[0596] To a solution of compound 22-2 (2 g, 4.45 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) , DIEA (2.2 mL, 13.35 mmol) and HATU (1.86 g, 4.89 mmol) were added. After stirring at room temperature for 30 min, compound 22-2a (2 g, 4.45 mmol, which was prepared using compound 20-1 as a starting material with reference to the preparation method of compound 20-3 in the above example) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 18 h, the mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) , extracted three times with ethyl acetate (30 mL) , washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, and spin-dried. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane and methanol) to obtain compound 22-3 (2.6 g, yield 88%) .
[0597] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.37 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.95 (s, 1H) , 7.42 –7.34 (m, 2H) , 7.34 –7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.26 –7.20 (m, 5H) , 6.89 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 4H) , 4.71 (dt, J = 32.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.96 –3.80 (m, 1H) , 3.74 (s, 6H) , 3.67 –3.36 (m, 6H) , 3.20 –3.00 (m, 4H) , 2.29 –2.04 (m, 2H) , 1.51 –1.33 (m, 4H) , 1.24 –1.12 (m, 2H) .
[0598] 3. Preparation of Compound EE22
[0599] To a solution of compound 22-3 (1.3 g, 1.97 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) , pyridine (0.80 mL, 9.87 mmol) , compound 22-3a (0.77 g, 2.57 mmol) , and DCI (0.28 g, 2.37 mmol) were sequentially added. The mixture was replaced with nitrogen three times and allowed to react at 25℃ for 1 h. After the reaction mixture was cooled to 0℃, saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (10 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min, separated, and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (20 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, 1%triethylamine) to obtain compound EE22 (980 mg, yield 58%) . m / z: ES+ [M+H] + 859.47.
[0600] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.36 (s, 1H) , 7.38 (q, J = 3.2 Hz, 2H) , 7.31 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.27 –7.19 (m, 5H) , 6.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H) , 3.99 –3.85 (m, 1H) , 3.79–3.62 (m, 11H) , 3.61 –3.33 (m, 6H) , 3.14 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H) , 3.01 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.76 –2.72 (m, 1H) , 2.71 –2.67 (m, 1H) , 2.31 –2.05 (m, 2H) , 1.44 (dq, J = 13.6, 7.0, 5.7 Hz, 4H) , 1.24 (q, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H) , 1.11 (dtd, J = 12.5, 6.7, 3.3 Hz, 12H) .
[0601] 1.17 Preparation of Compound EE23
[0602] 1. Preparation of Compound 2
[0603] To a solution of compound 1 (10 g, 76.23 mmol) in pyridine (50 mL) , MMTrCl (25.90 g, 83.86 mmol) was added at 0℃, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane and methanol) to obtain compound 2 (17 g, yield 55.3%) . m / z: ES+ [M+H] + 403.20
[0604] 2. Preparation of Compound 3
[0605] To a solution of compound 2 (1.0 g, 2.48 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) , N, N-diisopropylethylamine (0.52 mL, 2.97 mmol) and TSTU (0.9 g, 2.97 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with saturated brine, then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to obtain crude compound 3 (1.2 g, yield 96.7%) , which was used directly in the next step. m / z: ES+ [M+H] + 501.34
[0606] 3. Preparation of Compound 4
[0607] To a solution of compound 3a (0.42 g, 2.88 mmol) in TEA (7.2 mL, 7.2 mmol) , a solution of compound 3 (1.2 g, 2.40 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 50℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (eluent: water and acetonitrile) to obtain compound 4 (720 mg, yield 56.4%) . m / z: ES- [M-H] -531.47
[0608] 4. Preparation of Compound 5
[0609] To a solution of compound 4 (720 mg, 1.35 mmol) in pyridine (7 mL) , DMTrCl (458 mg, 1.35 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound 5 (550 mg, yield 48.7%) . m / z: ES+[M+H] + 835.58
[0610] 5. Preparation of Compound EE23
[0611] To a solution of compound 5 (7.0 g, 8.38 mmol) in dichloromethane (70 mL) , pyridine (3.39 mL, 41.91 mmol) , compound 5a (3.03 g, 10.06 mmol) , and DCI (1.19 g, 10.06 mmol) were sequentially added. The mixture was replaced with nitrogen three times and allowed to react at 25℃ for 1 h. After the reaction mixture was cooled to 0℃, saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (70 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min, separated, and extracted three times with dichloromethane (70 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, 1%triethylamine) to obtain compound EE23 (6.0 g, yield 69%) . m / z: ES+ [M+H] +1036.48.
[0612] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.49 –7.33 (m, 8H) , 7.33 –7.22 (m, 10H) , 7.17 (q, J = 8.6, 7.3 Hz, 3H) , 6.80 (dt, J = 8.6, 3.5 Hz, 6H) , 4.08 –3.80 (m, 3H) , 3.79 –3.69 (m, 12H) , 3.68 –3.42 (m, 5H) , 3.35 –3.04 (m, 3H) , 2.62 –2.45 (m, 2H) , 2.32 –2.07 (m, 4H) , 1.50 (dh, J = 22.6, 7.3 Hz, 5H) , 1.39 –1.23 (m, 2H) , 1.15 (ddt, J = 13.6, 10.1, 4.4 Hz, 12H) .
[0613] 1.18 Preparation of Compound EE32
[0614] 1. Preparation of Compound 32-2
[0615] To a solution of compound 32-1 (5 g, 18.3 mmol) and pyridine (29.7 mL, 367 mmol) in super dry dichloromethane (50 mL) , Ac2O (17.2 mL, 183 mmol) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (0-60%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain compound 32-2 (5 g, 86.6%) .
[0616] 2. Preparation of Compound 32-3
[0617] To a solution of compound 32-2 (5 g, 15.9 mmol) in super dry N, N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) , 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (2.90 g, 17.5 mmol) , triethylamine (6.63 mL, 47.7 mmol) , and COMU (7.49 g, 17.5 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (0-100%water / acetonitrile) to obtain compound 32-3 (4.5 g, 61.2%) . LCMS: m / z = 480.3 (M+NH4) +
[0618] 3. Preparation of Compound 32-4
[0619] To a solution of compound 32-3 (4.5 g, 9.73 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) , an aqueous solution of 3- [2- [2- (2-aminoethoxy) ethoxy] ethoxy] propionic acid (2.26 g, 10.2 mmol) (30 mL) and potassium carbonate (2.69 g, 19.5 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and adjusted to pH 3-4 to precipitate a solid, which was filtered to obtain compound 32-4 (4.2 g, 83.4%) . LCMS: m / z = 516.4 (M-H) -
[0620] 4. Preparation of Compound EE32
[0621] To a solution of compound 32-4 (3.1 g, 5.99 mmol) in super dry N, N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) , 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (1.09 g, 6.59 mmol) , triethylamine (2.49 mL, 17.9 mmol) , and COMU (2.82 g, 6.59 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (0-100%water / acetonitrile) to obtain compound EE32 (2.2 g, 55.2%) . LCMS: m / z = 666 (M+H) +.
[0622] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.01 (tt, J = 9.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.07 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.89 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.71 –3.64 (m, 8H) , 3.64 –3.61 (m, 4H) , 3.55 (dd, J = 5.6, 4.5 Hz, 2H) , 3.48 –3.39 (m, 2H) , 2.96 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.19 –2.12 (m, 2H) , 2.04 (s, 3H) , 1.62 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H) , 1.31 –1.23 (m, 20H) .
[0623] 1.19 Preparation of Compound EE33
[0624] 1. Preparation of Compound 33-2
[0625] To a suspension of compound 33-1 (15 g, 44.7 mmol) in ethylene glycol (50 mL) , KOH (7.53 g, 134 mmol) was added and stirred at 75℃ overnight. Water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was separated and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (200 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (200 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound 33-2 (9 g, 63.6%) . LCMS: m / z = 315.4 (M-H) -
[0626] 2. Preparation of Compound 33-3
[0627] To a solution of compound 33-2 (9 g, 28.4 mmol) and pyridine (46 mL, 569 mmol) in super dry dichloromethane (90 mL) , Ac2O (26.7 mL, 284 mmol) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (0-60%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain compound 33-3 (8.8 g, 86.3%) . LCMS: m / z = 357.4 (M-H) -
[0628] 3. Preparation of Compound 33-4
[0629] To a solution of compound 33-3 (8.8 g, 24.5 mmol) in super dry N, N-dimethylformamide (90 mL) , 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (4.48 g, 27.0 mmol) , triethylamine (10.2 mL, 73.6 mmol) , and COMU (11.6 g, 27.0 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (0-100%water / acetonitrile) to obtain 33-4 (6.5 g, 52.3%) . LCMS: m / z = 524.3 (M+NH4) +
[0630] 4. Preparation of Compound 33-5
[0631] To a solution of compound 33-4 (3.5 g, 6.91 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) , an aqueous solution of 3- [2- [2- (2-aminoethoxy) ethoxy] ethoxy] propionic acid (1.61 g, 7.26 mmol) (20 mL) and potassium carbonate (1.91 g, 13.8 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and adjusted to pH 3-4 to precipitate a solid, which was filtered to obtain compound 33-5 (3.59 g, 92.5%) . LCMS: m / z = 560.4 (M-H) -
[0632] 5. Preparation of Compound EE33
[0633] To a solution of compound 33-5 (3.59 g, 6.39 mmol) in super dry N, N-dimethylformamide (35 mL) , 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (1.17 g, 7.03 mmol) , triethylamine (2.67 mL, 19.2 mmol) , and COMU (3.01 g, 7.03 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and after the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed three times with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (0-100%water / acetonitrile) to obtain compound EE33 (2.4 g, 52.9%) . LCMS: m / z = 710 (M+H) +.
[0634] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.00 (tt, J = 9.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.01 (s, 1H) , 4.25 –4.19 (m, 2H) , 3.89 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.71 –3.59 (m, 10H) , 3.55 (dd, J = 5.6, 4.5 Hz, 2H) , 3.46 (td, J = 6.1, 5.5, 2.4 Hz, 6H) , 2.95 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.19 –2.13 (m, 2H) , 2.08 (s, 3H) , 1.59 (dq, J = 13.8, 7.1 Hz, 4H) , 1.36 –1.20 (m, 20H) .
[0635] 1.20 Preparation of Compound EE34
[0636] 1. Preparation of Compound 34-2
[0637] To a solution of 16- (benzyloxy) -16-oxohexadecanoic acid (6.0 g, 15.9 mmol) and Et3N (6.6 mL, 47.8 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) , COMU (7.5 g, 17.5 mmol) and 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (2.9 g, 0.175 mmol) were sequentially added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (0-100%ethyl acetate / petroleum ether) to obtain compound 34-2 (6.2 g, 74.2%) .
[0638] 2. Preparation of Compound 34-3
[0639] Compound 34-2a (3.54 g, 11.437 mmol) was dissolved in water (50 mL) and THF (25 mL) . Potassium carbonate (3.16 g, 22.9 mmol) and compound 34-2 (6 g, 11.4 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was allowed to react at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was adjusted to pH 3, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove THF, extracted three times with EA, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was pulped with EA / PE and filtered to obtain compound 34-3 (5.6 g, 8.4 mmol, 73.31%) .
[0640] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.15 (s, 1H) , 7.80 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.40 –7.30 (m, 5H) , 5.08 (s, 2H) , 3.59 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.48 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 16H) , 3.38 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.48 (s, 2H) , 2.44 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.34 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H) , 2.04 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.50 (dq, J = 27.5, 7.1 Hz, 4H) , 1.22 (s, 21H) .
[0641] 3. Preparation of Compound 34-4
[0642] To a solution of compound 34-3 (5.6 g, 8.4 mmol) and Et3N (3.5 mL, 25.2 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) , COMU (4.0 g, 9.223 mmol) and 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (1.5 g, 9.2 mmol) were sequentially added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was pulped with PE / EA to obtain compound 34-4 (4.5 g, 65.8%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.00 –7.88 (m, 1H) , 7.79 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.43 –7.26 (m, 5H) , 5.08 (s, 2H) , 3.77 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.57 –3.47 (m, 16H) , 3.38 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.02 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.33 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H) , 2.04 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.50 (dq, J = 27.7, 7.0 Hz, 4H) , 1.22 (s, 22H) .
[0643] 4. Preparation of Compound EE34
[0644] Compound 34-4 (3.5 g, 4.290 mmol) was dissolved in super dry THF (40 mL) . Palladium on carbon (0.46 g, 4.290 mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to react under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. After TLC showed that the starting material disappeared, the mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated to obtain a crude product. The crude product was pulped with EA / PE and filtered to obtain compound EE34 (2.3 g, 3.169 mmol, 73.87%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.96 (s, 1H) , 7.94 (tt, J = 10.9, 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.79 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.77 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.60 –3.44 (m, 16H) , 3.38 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.02 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.18 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.04 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.47 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H) , 1.23 (s, 20H) . 19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -139.31, -139.35, -153.29, -153.33.
[0645] 1.21 Preparation of Compound EE35
[0646] 1. Preparation of Compound 35-2
[0647] To a solution of 16- (benzyloxy) -16-oxohexadecanoic acid (5 g, 13.3 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) , DIPEA (4.6 mL, 26.6 mmol) and HATU (5.3 g, 13.9 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then 3- [ (8-amino-3, 6-dioxaoct-1-yl) oxy] propanoic acid (4.41 g, 19.918 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with EA (20 mL × 3) . The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (20 mL × 2) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (water: acetonitrile = 1: 0 to 0: 1) to obtain compound 35-2 (7.1 g, 92.2%) .
[0648] 2. Preparation of Compound 35-3
[0649] To a solution of compound 35-2 (5.3 g, 9.1 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) , COMU (4.3 g, 10.1 mmol) , TEA (3.8 mL, 27.4 mmol) , and 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenol (1.8 g, 10.1 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted three times with ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EA = 1: 0 to 2: 3) to obtain compound 35-3 (3.4 g, 50.7%) .
[0650] 3. Preparation of Compound EE35
[0651] To a solution of compound 35-3 (3.4 g, 4.7 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) , palladium on carbon (10%Pd, containing 40-60%water) (0.5 g, 4.7 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to obtain compound EE35.
[0652] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.95 (s, 1H) , 7.94 (tt, J = 10.9, 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.79 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.77 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.53 (dddd, J = 21.4, 13.2, 5.3, 2.5 Hz, 8H) , 3.38 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.02 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.18 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.03 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.46 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 4H) , 1.23 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 20H) .
[0653] 1.22 Preparation of Compound EE36
[0654] Compound EE36 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE34:
[0655] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.96 (s, 1H) , 7.95 (tt, J = 11.0, 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.81 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.77 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.57 –3.45 (m, 32H) , 3.38 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.02 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.18 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.04 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.46 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 4H) , 1.23 (s, 20H) .
[0656] 1.23 Preparation of Compound EE37
[0657] Compound EE37 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE34:
[0658] 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.96 (s, 1H) , 7.94 (tt, J = 10.9, 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.79 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.77 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.57 –3.46 (m, 8H) , 3.38 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.02 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.18 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.03 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.46 (q, J = 8.2, 7.7 Hz, 4H) , 1.22 (s, 24H) .
[0659] 1.24 Preparation of Compound EE38
[0660] 1. Synthesis of Compound 2
[0661] Compound 1 (5 g, 11.3 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (50 mL) , and DIPEA (4.36 g, 33.8 mmol) and TSTU (3.7 g, 12.4 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After TLC showed that the starting material was completely converted to the intermediate, compound 1a (1.63 g, 12.401 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by C18 reversed-phase column chromatography (ACN: H2O, 0-40%-50%) to obtain compound 2 (6.1 g, 97.2%) .
[0662] 2. Synthesis of Compound 3
[0663] Compound 2 (4.8 g, 8.6 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF (50 mL) , and DIPEA (3.3 g, 25.9 mmol) and HATU (3.6 g, 9.5 mmol) were added. After reaction at room temperature for 0.5 h, compound 2a (4.3 g, 9.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After the reaction was complete, water was added. The mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate (20 mL) . The organic phases were combined, dried, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 3 (8.0 g, 94.0%) .
[0664] 3. Synthesis of Compound 3a
[0665] Compound 3 (8 g, 8.101 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (60 mL) and piperidine (12 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After TLC showed that the reaction was complete, water was added. The mixture was extracted three times with DCM. The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by C16 reversed-phase column chromatography to obtain compound 3a (4.7 g, 75.8%) .
[0666] 4. Preparation of Compound 5
[0667] To a solution of compound 4 (5 g, 16.64 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) and pyridine (20 mL) , acetic anhydride (3.925 mL, 41.60 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain compound 5 (5.3 g, 93.0%) .
[0668] 5. Preparation of Compound 6
[0669] To compound 5 (5.3 g, 15.47 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) , tetrafluorophenol (2.83 g, 17.02 mmol) , COMU (7.29 mg, 17.02 mmol) , and TEA (4.70 g, 46.42 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (50 mL) and separated. The mixture was extracted three times with dichloromethane (50 mL) . The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (50 mL) , dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to obtain compound 6 (5.0 g, 65.9%) . m / z: ES+ [M+H] +490.31
[0670] 6. Preparation of Compound 7
[0671] To a solution of compound 3a (1.5 g, 1.96 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) , diisopropylethylamine (1.03 mL, 5.87 mmol) and compound 6 (1.15 g, 2.35 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (eluent: water and methanol) to obtain compound 7 (2.1 g, 98%) . m / z: ES+ [M+H] + 1090.71
[0672] 7. Preparation of Compound EE38
[0673] To a solution of compound 7 (2.1 g, 1.93 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) , DIEA (1.9 mL, 11.55 mmol) , DMAP (0.05 g, 0.38 mmol) , and compound 7a (1.16 g, 11.555 mmol) were added at 0℃. After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by C18 reversed-phase column chromatography (eluent: water and methanol) to obtain compound EE38 (1.58 g, yield 68.9%) . m / z: ES- [M-H] -1188.74.
[0674] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.45 –7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.33 –7.26 (m, 5H) , 7.25 –7.15 (m, 2H) , 6.98 –6.74 (m, 5H) , 6.39 (d, J = 18.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.29 –4.10 (m, 1H) , 4.05 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) , 3.88 (s, 2H) , 3.78 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 6H) , 3.75 –3.69 (m, 2H) , 3.64 –3.58 (m, 7H) , 3.54 (q, J = 5.1 Hz, 3H) , 3.47 –3.38 (m, 3H) , 3.34 –2.88 (m, 7H) , 2.60 –2.39 (m, 6H) , 2.36 –2.12 (m, 4H) , 2.04 (s, 3H) , 1.61 (q, J = 6.2, 5.0 Hz, 4H) , 1.46 (dd, J = 15.8, 8.7 Hz, 2H) , 1.37 –1.19 (m, 30H) .
[0675] 1.25 Preparation of Compound EE39
[0676] Compound EE39 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE38:
[0677] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.33 –7.24 (m, 7H) , 7.19 –7.14 (m, 3H) , 6.86 –6.79 (m, 4H) , 6.29 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.35 (dd, J = 11.2, 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.17 –4.00 (m, 2H) , 3.86 (td, J = 6.1, 3.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.80 (s, 6H) , 3.77 –3.66 (m, 6H) , 3.63 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 8H) , 3.55 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H) , 3.44 (q, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H) , 3.31 –3.21 (m, 2H) , 3.15 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.64 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 2.48 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.35 (p, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.18 (dd, J = 8.9, 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.62 (h, J = 7.4 Hz, 4H) , 1.48 –1.44 (m, 4H) , 1.30 –1.21 (m, 30H) , 0.88 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) .
[0678] 1.26 Preparation of Compound EE40
[0679] Compound EE40 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE38:
[0680] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.37 –7.35 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 3H) , 7.28 –7.10 (m, 5H) , 6.82 (td, J = 5.4, 2.5 Hz, 5H) , 5.44–5.28 (m, 8H) , 4.25 (ddd, J = 34.4, 11.4, 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 4.17 –3.98 (m, 1H) , 3.79 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 6H) , 3.73 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.62 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 9H) , 3.55 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.45 (dq, J = 15.9, 5.9, 5.2 Hz, 4H) , 3.23 (p, J = 7.7, 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.16 –3.07 (m, 1H) , 2.90 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.82 (dq, J = 9.9, 4.3, 3.0 Hz, 6H) , 2.67 –2.51 (m, 3H) , 2.45 (q, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.28 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.19 (p, J = 7.9, 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.07 (ddd, J = 25.7, 12.2, 5.8 Hz, 4H) , 2.04 (s, 3H) , 1.71 (p, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 1.55 (ddq, J = 44.3, 15.0, 7.6, 7.1 Hz, 3H) , 1.41 –1.23 (m, 16H)
[0681] 1.27 Preparation of Compound EE41
[0682] Compound EE41 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE38:
[0683] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.45 –7.37 (m, 2H) , 7.34 –7.24 (m, 6H) , 6.89 –6.78 (m, 5H) , 4.42 (dd, J = 10.9, 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.24 –4.18 (m, 2H) , 4.11 –3.99 (m, 2H) , 3.89 (ddt, J = 17.8, 8.3, 3.9 Hz, 3H) , 3.79 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 6H) , 3.73 (td, J = 5.9, 2.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.63 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 12H) , 3.58 –3.51 (m, 4H) , 3.46 (hept, J =5.4 Hz, 8H) , 3.29 –3.05 (m, 4H) , 2.68 –2.53 (m, 3H) , 2.46 (q, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.37 –2.22 (m, 1H) , 2.17 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.08 (s, 2H) , 1.68 –1.46 (m, 9H) , 1.26 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 22H) .
[0684] 1.28 Preparation of Compound EE42
[0685] Compound EE42 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE38:
[0686] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.23 (s, 1H) , 7.85 –7.70 (m, 2H) , 7.38 (dd, J = 8.1, 3.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.31 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.27 –7.20 (m, 5H) , 6.89 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.9 Hz, 4H) , 4.16 (dd, J = 11.6, 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.11 –4.07 (m, 2H) , 3.99 –3.86 (m, 2H) , 3.83 –3.76 (m, 1H) , 3.74 (s, 6H) , 3.62 –3.54 (m, 4H) , 3.54 –3.51 (m, 2H) , 3.50 –3.45 (m, 8H) , 3.37 (td, J = 6.3, 2.8 Hz, 6H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.00 (p, J = 6.7 Hz, 4H) , 2.48 –2.43 (m, 2H) , 2.31 –2.18 (m, 4H) , 2.03 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.00 (s, 3H) , 1.51 –1.40 (m, 6H) , 1.40 –1.31 (m, 4H) , 1.22 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 28H) .
[0687] 1.29 Preparation of Compound EE43
[0688] Compound EE43 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE38:
[0689] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.46 –7.38 (m, 2H) , 7.37 –7.24 (m, 7H) , 7.21 (q, J = 8.4, 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.82 (dd, J = 7.8, 4.4 Hz, 4H) , 6.24 (s, 1H) , 4.37 (dd, J = 11.0, 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.15 –3.83 (m, 6H) , 3.79 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 6H) , 3.73 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.63 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 7H) , 3.58 –3.40 (m, 7H) , 3.34 –3.03 (m, 6H) , 2.92 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.57 (dt, J = 9.9, 6.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.46 (q, J = 5.0, 4.1 Hz, 2H) , 2.28 (tt, J = 16.0, 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.17 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.04 (s, 3H) , 1.61 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) , 1.54 –1.45 (m, 2H) , 1.37 –1.22 (m, 36H) .
[0690] 1.30 Preparation of Compound EE44
[0691] 1. Preparation of Compound 44-2
[0692] To a solution of compound 44-1 (2.23 g, 9.795 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) , DIEA (4.415 mL, 26.713 mmol) and HATU (3.72 g, 9.795 mmol) were added. After reaction at room temperature for half an hour, 6- [ (trifluoroacetyl) amino] hexanoic acid (4 g, 8.904 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to react at room temperature overnight. After LCMS and TLC showed that the reaction was complete, ethyl acetate and water were added to the reaction mixture to separate the organic phase. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The three organic phases were combined, washed once with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The residue was isolated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-90%EA in PE) to obtain compound 44-2 (4.73 g, 80.67%) . LCMS: m / z =659.36 (M+H) +.
[0693] 2. Preparation of Compound 44-3
[0694] Compound 44-2 (6.59 g, 10.011 mmol) was dissolved in 7 M NH3 / MeOH (30 mL) and concentrated ammonia solution (30 mL) , sealed in a tube, and heated at 78℃ overnight. After TLC and LCMS showed that the reaction was complete, the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by reversed-phase flash column chromatography (0-50%ACN in water) to obtain compound 44-3 (5.5 g, 97.71%) . LCMS: m / z = 563.24 (M+H) +.
[0695] 3. Preparation of Compound 44-4
[0696] To a solution of compound 44-3 (4.3 g, 7.647 mmol) in super dry dichloromethane (10 mL) , triethylamine (1.55 g, 15.294 mmol) and compound EE20 (4.65 g, 7.647 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for half an hour. After LCMS and TLC showed that the reaction was complete, the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (0-100%ACN in water) to obtain compound 44-4 (8.6 g, 112.05%) . LCMS: m / z = 1021.79 (M+NH4) +.
[0697] 4. Preparation of Compound EE44
[0698] To a solution of compound 44-4 (8.6 g, 8.569 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 mL) , DIEA (6.63 g, 51.412 mmol) , DMAP (0.31 g, 2.571 mmol) , and succinic anhydride (5.14 g, 51.412 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After TLC and LCMS showed that the reaction was complete, the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was isolated and purified by reversed-phase flash column chromatography (0-100%MeOH in water) to obtain EE44 (8.4 g, 7.611 mmol, 88.82%) . LCMS: m / z = 1104.76 (M+H) +.
[0699] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.82 –7.33 (m, 2H) , 7.41 –7.35 (m, 2H) , 7.31 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.27 –7.19 (m, 4H) , 6.89 (dd, J = 8.8, 1.8 Hz, 4H) , 4.16 (dd, J = 11.6, 6.7 Hz, 1H) , 4.06 (dd, J = 11.6, 4.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.94 (dd, J = 11.8, 4.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.79 (dt, J = 11.2, 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.74 (s, 6H) , 3.63 –3.52 (m, 4H) , 3.52 –3.44 (m, 8H) , 3.42 –3.35 (m, 6H) , 3.17 (q, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.05 –2.95 (m, 4H) , 2.48 –2.43 (m, 2H) , 2.28 (td, J = 6.7, 4.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.04 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.51 –1.40 (m, 4H) , 1.40 –1.30 (m, 1H) , 1.23 (d, J =2.9 Hz, 28H) , 1.00 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 0.88 –0.82 (m, 3H) .
[0700] 1.31 Preparation of Compound EE45
[0701] Compound EE45 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE44, wherein the method of synthesis of DL0343 can be found, for example, in PCT Publication No. WO2024148329:
[0702] 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.40 –7.37 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 3H) , 7.35 –7.16 (m, 5H) , 6.82 (td, J = 5.4, 2.5 Hz, 5H) , 5.47 –5.27 (m, 8H) , 4.25 (ddd, J = 34.4, 11.4, 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.17 –3.98 (m, 1H) , 3.79 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 6H) , 3.73 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.62 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 9H) , 3.55 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.45 (dq, J = 15.9, 5.9, 5.2 Hz, 4H) , 3.23 (p, J = 7.7, 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.16 –3.07 (m, 1H) , 2.90 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.82 (dq, J = 9.9, 4.3, 3.0 Hz, 6H) , 2.67 –2.51 (m, 3H) , 2.45 (q, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.28 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.19 (p, J = 7.9, 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.07 (ddd, J = 25.7, 12.2, 5.8 Hz, 4H) , 1.71 (p, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 1.55 (ddq, J = 44.3, 15.0, 7.6, 7.1 Hz, 3H) , 1.41 –1.23 (m, 16H) , 0.89 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H) .
[0703] 1.32 Preparation of Compound EE46
[0704] Compound EE46 was synthesized with reference to the method for compound EE44, wherein the method of synthesis of 46-1 can be found, for example, in PCT Publication No. WO2024148329:
[0705] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.26 –7.93 (m, 1H) , 7.79 (q, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.37 (dd, J = 7.9, 3.3 Hz, 2H) , 7.31 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.24 (dd, J = 8.8, 4.9 Hz, 5H) , 6.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H) , 4.13 (dd, J = 12.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.08 –4.00 (m, 1H) , 3.93 –3.86 (m, 1H) , 3.78 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.73 (s, 6H) , 3.65 –3.48 (m, 6H) , 3.15 (q, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.01 (dd, J = 12.5, 6.3 Hz, 4H) , 2.43 (q, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.34 –2.18 (m, 6H) , 2.06 –2.00 (m, 2H) , 1.98 (s, 3H) , 1.58 –1.50 (m, 2H) , 1.49 –1.34 (m, 6H) , 1.32 –1.14 (m, 32H) .
[0706] According to the preparation methods described in the above representative examples, all the compounds shown in the specification can be easily prepared using commercially available starting materials and in combination with common knowledge known in the art.
[0707] Intermediate compounds containing tetrafluorophenol protecting groups can also be conjugated to nucleic acid strands using the following strategies, which are also included in the scope of the present invention.
[0708] 1. General post-conjugation
[0709] 2. Symmetric molecular post-conjugation (or post-conjugation in single-stranded form followed by purification and annealing)
[0710] 3. Asymmetric post-conjugation
[0711] 4. Multi-step post-conjugation
[0712] Example 2: Synthesis of siRNA
[0713] The siRNA of the present invention was prepared using the solid-phase phosphoramidite method well known in the art. The specific methods can be referred to, for example, PCT Publication Nos. WO2016081444 and WO2019105419, and are briefly described below.
[0714] 1.1 Synthesis of Sense Strand (SS)
[0715] Using the solid-phase phosphoramidite method, a blank CPG solid support was used as the starting cycle, and nucleoside monomers (including the monomer compound of the present invention) were linked one by one according to the arrangement of sense strand nucleotides from the 3' to 5' direction. Each linkage of a nucleoside monomer involved four steps of deprotection, coupling, capping, and oxidation or thiolation to synthesize 5 μmol oligonucleotide. The synthesis conditions were as follows:
[0716] Nucleoside monomers were provided in a 0.05 mol / L acetonitrile solution. The conditions for each step were identical: 25℃; deprotection for 3 times using a 3%trichloroacetic acid-dichloromethane solution; coupling twice using a 0.25 mol / L 5- (ethylthio) -1H-tetrazole (ETT) -acetonitrile solution as an activator; capping twice using 10%acetic anhydride-acetonitrile and pyridine / N-methylimidazole / acetonitrile (10: 14: 76, v / v / v) ; oxidation twice using 0.05 mol / L of iodine in tetrahydrofuran / pyridine / water (70: 20: 10, v / v / v) ; thiolation twice using 0.2 mol / L phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) in acetonitrile / 3-methylpyridine (1: 1, v / v) .
[0717] 1.2 Synthesis of Antisense Strand (AS)
[0718] Using the solid-phase phosphoramidite method, a blank CPG solid support was used as the starting cycle, and nucleoside monomers (including the monomer compound of the present invention) were linked one by one according to the arrangement of antisense strand nucleotides from the 3' to 5' direction. Each linkage of a nucleoside monomer involved four steps of deprotection, coupling, capping, and oxidation or thiolation. The conditions for the synthesis of a 5 μmol oligonucleotide for the antisense strand were identical to those for the sense strand.
[0719] 1.3 Purification and Annealing of Oligonucleotides
[0720] 1.3.1 Ammonolysis
[0721] The synthesized solid support (sense or antisense strand) was transferred to a 5 mL centrifuge tube, followed by the addition of 3%diethylamine / ammonia (v / v) or a mixed solution of ammonia and methylamine (50%-50%, v / v) . The mixture was allowed to react in a thermostatic water bath at 35℃ (or 55℃) for 16 h (or 8 h) , and then filtered. The solid support was washed three times with ethanol / water, 1 mL each time. The filtrate was concentrated by centrifugation, and the crude product was purified.
[0722] 1.3.2 Purification
[0723] The methods for purification and desalting are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a strong anionic packing column can be used; a sodium chloride-sodium hydroxide system can be used for elution and purification. The product can be collected in tubes and desalted using a gel packing purification column. The elution system can be pure water.
[0724] 1.3.3 Annealing
[0725] The sense strand (SS) was mixed with the antisense strand (AS) at a molar ratio (SS / AS =1 / 1.05) according to the instructions. The mixture was heated in a water bath to 70-95℃ for 3-5 min, and then allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. The system was freeze-dried to obtain the product.
[0726] Test Example Sequence Information
[0727] The abbreviations used herein have the meaning as follows:
[0728] A. U, G, and C represent a natural adenine ribonucleotide, a uracil ribonucleotide, a guanine ribonucleotide, and a cytosine ribonucleotide, respectively.
[0729] d represents that the right nucleotide is a deoxyribonucleotide. For example, dA, dT, dG, and dC represent an adenine deoxyribonucleotide, a thymine deoxyribonucleotide, a guanine deoxyribonucleotide, and a cytosine deoxyribonucleotide, respectively.
[0730] i represents an inosine ribonucleotide.
[0731] m represents that the left nucleotide is a 2'-OCH3 modified nucleotide. For example, Am, Um, Gm, and Cm represent 2'-OCH3 modified A, U, G, and C, respectively.
[0732] f represents that the left nucleotide is a 2'-F modified nucleotide. For example, Af, Uf, Gf, and Cf represent 2'-F modified A, U, G, and C, respectively.
[0733] "s" represents that the flanking two nucleotides, the delivery moiety, or other structures are linked by a phosphorothioate group.
[0734] VP represents that the right nucleotide is a vinylphosphate modified nucleotide.
[0735] U (od) represents that the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group at position 2' of the natural uracil ribonucleotide is substituted with a straight-chain C22 aliphatic chain.
[0736] NHC6 and C6NH are represented by when close to the 5' end side and by when close to the 3' end side.
[0737] C6S represents
[0738] MO1 represents
[0739] MO2 represents
[0740] -DCBO-DL0269 represents
[0741] -C6-NH-DL0312 represents the structure:
[0742] -C6-NH-DL0312 can be readily synthesized by those skilled in the art starting from a commercially available intermediate (structure as shown below, available for example from PharmaBlock Cat. No. PBU1072) .
[0743] The structures of LL30 to LL41 and LL117 to LL120 are shown in the table below, wherein represents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide by a phosphate group or a phosphorothioate group. Other LL-headed structures are as shown in the specification herein.
[0744] The preparation of the corresponding intermediate compounds of LL117 to LL120 are disclosed in, for example, PCT Publication No. WO2024148329.
[0745] Example 3: In Vivo Activity
[0746] Test Method
[0747] SD rats (male, 8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into groups of 3 animals per vehicle control (aCSF) and 5 animals per compound group. The compounds were prepared in sterile artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a concentration of 30 mg / mL. After anesthesia, animals were given the corresponding compound by intrathecal injection (L4-L6 levels) at a dose of 0.9 mg / animal (30 μL / animal) .
[0748] At 14 days post-dose, animals were euthanized with CO2, and the following tissues were rapidly isolated and removed: brainstem, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. These samples were placed in RNAlater (5-10 times the tissue volume) at 2-8℃ overnight, and then stored at -80℃for subsequent detection of rSOD1 mRNA.
[0749] Tissue RNA was extracted using a nucleic acid extractor (Hangzhou Allsheng Instruments Co., Ltd., Auto-pure96) according to the operating instructions of the High-throughput Tissue RNA Extraction Kit (Fushenbio, FSF0035-TS) . Reverse transcription was performed using the PrimeScriptTM II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara, 6210B) . Fluorescence quantitative PCR reaction was performed using the TaqManTM Fast Advanced Master Mix (ABI, 4444965) in a 20 μL system (ABI, QuantStudio3) . The information on the primers used is as follows:
[0750] Table 1. Primer Sequences
[0751] The residual inhibition was calculated using the following formula:
[0752] The 2-△△Ct value was calculated and converted into a percentage to obtain the residual inhibition.
[0753] △△Ct = [ (Cttarget gene of experimental group -Ctinternal reference of experimental group) - (Cttarget gene of control group -Ctinternal reference of control group) ] .
[0754] The target gene was rSOD1. The internal reference was rGAPDH. The control group was injected with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) .
[0755] EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
[0756] Table 2. Inhibitory Activity of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 mRNA at Different Sites in SD Rat Brain (Presented by Residual Inhibition)
[0757] Table 3. Inhibitory Activity of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 mRNA at Different Sites in SD Rat Brain (Presented by Residual Inhibition)
[0758] Table 4. Inhibitory Activity of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 mRNA at Different Sites in SD Rat Brain (Presented by Residual Inhibition)
[0759] Table 5. Inhibitory Activity of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 mRNA at Different Sites in SD Rat Brain (Presented by Residual Inhibition)
[0760] Example 4: Biological Activity for Peripheral Administration
[0761] Test Method
[0762] C57BL / 6 (male, 6-8 weeks) mice were randomly divided into groups of 3 animals per vehicle control group and 3 animals per compound group. The compounds were prepared in saline at a concentration of 5 mg / mL. The corresponding compounds were administered by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 2 mg / kg, unless otherwise specified.
[0763] At 14 or 28 days post-dose, animals were euthanized with CO2, and the following tissues were rapidly isolated and removed: subcutaneous fat, gonadal fat, quadriceps, heart, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and brain. These samples were divided into two parts and frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at -80℃ for subsequent detection of mSOD1-mRNA levels.
[0764] Tissue RNA was extracted using a nucleic acid extractor (Hangzhou Allsheng Instruments Co., Ltd., Auto-pure96) according to the operating instructions of the High-throughput Tissue RNA Extraction Kit (Fushenbio, FSF0035-TS) (Note: For adipose tissue, the tissue was transferred to a 2 mL centrifuge tube pre-filled with zirconium beads, and 1 mL Trizol (Takara, 9108) was added. The tissue was then homogenized in a tissue homogenizer (-5℃, 60 Hz, 15 min) . After homogenization, the tissue was centrifuged at high speed (12000 rpm) for 3 min, and the upper oil phase was carefully discarded using a pipette. The tissue was centrifuged again at high speed (12000 rpm) for 3 min, and 350 μL of the tissue lysate supernatant was collected for RNA extraction. For non-adipose tissue, the instructions of the kit were followed. ) Reverse transcription was performed using the PrimeScriptTM II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara, 6210B) . Fluorescence quantitative PCR reaction was performed using the TaqManTM Fast Advanced Master Mix (ABI, 4444965) in a 20 μL system (ABI, QuantStudio3) . The information on the primers used is as follows:
[0765] Table 6. Primer Sequences
[0766] The residual inhibition was calculated using the following formula:
[0767] The 2-△△Ct value was calculated and converted into a percentage to obtain the residual inhibition.
[0768] △△Ct = [ (Cttarget gene of experimental group -Ctinternal reference of experimental group) - (Cttarget gene of control group -Ctinternal reference of control group) ] .
[0769] The target gene was mSOD1 or mAdipoq. According to the target selection of the compound, the internal reference was mGAPDH. The control group was injected with normal saline. The experimental results are shown in the table below.
[0770] Table 7. Inhibitory Effect of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 in Various Tissues -Results Shown as Residual Inhibition (%)
[0771] Table 8. Inhibitory Effect of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 in Various Tissues
[0772] pgWAT: peri-abdominal white adipose tissue; iWAT: inguinal white adipose tissue.
[0773] " / " represents not tested.
[0774] Table 9. Inhibitory Effect of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 in Various Tissues
[0775] pgWAT: peri-abdominal white adipose tissue; iWAT: inguinal white adipose tissue.
[0776] Table 10. Inhibitory Effect of Compounds of the Present Invention on SOD1 in Various Tissues
[0777] pgWAT: peri-abdominal white adipose tissue; iWAT: inguinal white adipose tissue.
[0778] Table 11. Inhibitory Effect of Compounds of the Present Invention on Adipoq in Various Tissues (Administered Dose: 2 mg / kg)
[0779] pgWAT: peri-abdominal white adipose tissue; iWAT: inguinal white adipose tissue; BAT: brown adipose tissue.
[0780] Example 5: Biological Activity for Peripheral Administration -Detection of Protein Levels
[0781] C57BL / 6 (female, 6-8 weeks) mice were randomly divided into groups of 4 animals per vehicle control group and 4 animals per compound group. The compounds were prepared in saline at a concentration of 5 mg / mL. The corresponding compounds were administered by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 2 mg / kg.
[0782] Blood / material samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus of mice before administration (with the day of administration designated as Day 0) and on Days 14, 21, and 28 after administration (sampling time points and sampling methods could be adjusted according to different experimental requirements) , and serum was collected at each time point for detection of Mouse Adiponectin protein levels.
[0783] ELISA assay: The serum Mouse Adiponectin was detected with reference to the operating instructions of the ELISA kit (R&D, SMRP300) .
[0784] Table 12. Inhibitory Activity of Compounds of the Present Invention on Mouse Adiponectin
[0785] Table 13. Inhibitory Activity of Compounds of the Present Invention on Mouse Adiponectin
[0786] Table 14. Inhibitory Activity of Compounds of the Present Invention on Mouse Adiponectin
[0787] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, but it cannot be regarded that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the idea of the present invention, a number of simple deductions or replacements may be made, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.An oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 15 nucleotides sufficiently complementary to the target mRNA, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises two identical or different lipophilic moieties located at the 5' and 3' ends of the oligonucleotide, respectively, and the lipophilic moieties are each independently selected from a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof: whereinrepresents attachment to the remainder of the oligonucleotide;R is a lipid, preferably a lipid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms;T is selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, sulfo (-S (O) 2OH) , C1-6 acetoxyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, or 5-membered to 10-membered heteroaryl, preferably T is selected from amino, sulfo (-S (O) 2OH) , C1-6 acetoxyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxyl, or 5-membered to 10-membered heteroaryl;the T is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from hydroxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylhydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl;preferably,R is a lipid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms;T is selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, acetoxyl, carboxyl, sulfo, tetrazolyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxyl, preferably the C1-6 alkoxyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from hydroxyl, amino, C1-6 alkylhydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl.2.An oligonucleotide according to claim 1, wherein the lipid comprises 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.3.An oligonucleotide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lipid is a straight-chain lipid optionally comprising 1 to 8 olefinic bonds, and the lipid is optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl or oxo groups; preferably, the lipid is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from hydroxyl and oxo.4.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R is selected from C8-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl, and the C10-28 straight-chain alkyl and C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from hydroxyl and oxo;preferably, R is selected from C10-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl comprising 1 to 4 olefinic bonds, wherein the C10-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl comprising 1 to 4 olefinic bonds is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from hydroxyl and oxo;more preferably, R is selected from -C (O) -C11-, -C (O) -C12-, -C (O) -C13-, -C (O) -C14-, -C (O) -C15-, -C (O) -C16-, -C (O) -C17-, -C (O) -C18-, -C (O) -C19-, -C (O) -C20-, -C (O) -C21-, -C (OH) -C14-, -C (O) -C19: 4-, -C (O) -C7-C=C-C8-, -C-C (OH) -C14-, -C14-, and -C16-.5.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein T is selected from sulfo, tetrazolyl (e.g., ) , or optionally substituted C1-3 alkoxyl, preferably the C1-3 alkoxyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from hydroxyl and C1-3 alkylhydroxyl (e.g., -CH2OH) .6.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein T is C1-3 alkoxyl, wherein the C1-3 alkoxyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from hydroxyl and -CH2OH;more preferably, T is selected from -OH, -C (O) OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH2OH, -OCH2CH (OH) CH2OH, -OCH (CH2OH) 2, -S (O) 2OH, and -tetrazolyl, preferably -OCH3, -OCH2CH2OH, -OCH2CH (OH) CH2OH, -OCH (CH2OH) 2, -S (O) 2OH, and7.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein -R-T is each independently selected from: wherein m and n may be any integer, provided that R contains a total of 10 to 30 carbon atoms;preferably,each of m and n is an integer independently selected from 0 to 50, preferably an integer selected from 3 to 25, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25;R contains a total of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, for example, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 carbon atoms, preferably a total of 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms.8.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the oligonucleotide is selected from a compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof: wherein,T' end corresponds to the 5' end of the oligonucleotide, and T end corresponds to the 3' end of the oligonucleotide;Z is an oligonucleotide;L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond or -Lx-Ly-Lz-;wherein Lx is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NRa-, -C (O) NRa-, or -NRaC (O) -;Ly is selected from C1-10 alkylene, wherein the C1-10 alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from -C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 haloalkyl;Lz is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -C (O) -, -NRa-, -C (O) NRa-, or -NRaC (O) -;at most one of Lx and Lz is a bond;each Ra is independently selected from H, C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkylL2 and L2' are each independently -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, preferably selected from -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, -Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, -Lc-Ld-Le-, -Ld-Le-, and -Le-, more preferably -Lc-Ld-Le-, -Ld-Le-, or -Le-;wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently selected from a bond, R1 is selected from -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NRd-, -C (O) NRd-, or -NRdC (O) -;R2 is selected from a bond, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -C (O) -, -NRd-, -C (O) NRd-, -NRdC (O) -, or -S (O) m-NRd-;ring A is selected from 3-membered to 12-membered cycloalkylene, C6-14 arylene, 5-membered to 14-membered heteroarylene, or 5-membered to 14-membered heterocyclene, preferably 5-membered to 14-membered heterocyclene;each of Rb and Rc are independently selected from H, -C0-6alkylene-OH, -C0-6alkylene-NH2, -C0-6alkylene-CN, -C0-6alkylene-C (O) OH, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 haloalkyl;each Rd is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl;m is selected from 0, 1, or 2;each p is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;each q is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;R' and T' are defined in the same way as R and T;R and T are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7;preferably,L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond, and each k is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;L2 and L2' are each independently -La-Lb-Lc-Ld-Le-, wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently selected from a bond, -C (O) -5-12-membered heterocyclene-NH-, oreach p is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;each q is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;R' and T' are defined in the same way as R and T;R and T are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, preferably as defined in claim 7;more preferably,L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond, each k is independently selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, such as ; L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond, wherein La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le are each independently absent or selected from a bond, each q is an integer independently selected from 1 to 9, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;R and T are as defined in claim 7.9.An oligonucleotide according to claim 8, wherein L2 and L2' are each independently a bond or selected from the group consisting of: 10.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein -L2-R-T and -L2'-R'-T' are each independently selected from the groups listed in Table A of the specification.11.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the oligonucleotide is selected from a compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof: wherein,T' end corresponds to the 5' end of the oligonucleotide, and T end corresponds to the 3' end of the oligonucleotide;Z is an oligonucleotide;L1 and L1' are each independently selected from a bond or -Lx-Ly-Lz-;wherein Lx is selected from a bond or -C (O) -;Ly is selected from C1-10 alkylene, wherein the C1-10 alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from C0-6alkylene-OH, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 haloalkyl;Lz is selected from a bond, -S-, -S-S-, or -NH-;at most one of Lx and Lz is a bond;L2 and L2' are each independently -Ld-Le-or -Le-, more preferably -Le-;wherein Ld and Le are each independently selected from a bond orR1 is selected from -C (O) -, -NH-, -C (O) NH-, or -NHC (O) -, preferably -C (O) -or -NH-;R2 is selected from a bond, -C (O) -, -NH-, -C (O) NH-, or -NHC (O) -, preferably -C (O) -or -NH-;each of Rb and Rc is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl;p is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;q is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;R and R' are independently selected from C10-28 straight-chain alkyl or C8-28 straight-chain alkenyl comprising 1 to 4 olefinic bonds, preferably C10-20 straight-chain alkyl substituted with 1 or 2 oxo groups;T and T' are independently selected from -OH, -C (O) OH, or C1-3 alkoxyl;preferably,L1 is selected from a bond orL1' is selected from a bond, each k is independently selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;L2 and L2' are each independently -Ld-Le-, wherein Ld and Le are each independently selected from a bond, each p is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;each q is an integer independently selected from 0 to 10, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;-R'-T' and -R-T are each independently selected from: preferablyeach n is an integer independently selected from 10 to 22;more preferably,L1 is a bond orpreferably a bond;L1' is a bond orpreferablyL2 and L2' are each independently selected from a bond, preferablyq is 3, 4, or 5;-R'-T' and -R-T are each independentlyeach n is an integer independently selected from 10 to 20, such as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, preferably 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18, more preferably 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18.12.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the 5' and / or 3' end of Z comprises an end modification, preferably a modified or unmodified IB or STM.13.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein Z is selected from a compound of formula IV: wherein Z' is the remainder of the oligonucleotide;M and M' are each independently selected from a bond, whereinrepresents the position of attachment to Z'; represents the position of attachment to T'-R'-L2'-L1'-or -L1-L2-R-T;ring B is selected from 3-membered to 7-membered heterocyclyl or C3-7 cycloalkyl, preferably 5-membered to 7-membered heterocyclyl, more preferably 6-membered heterocyclyl;Rs is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;X is selected from hydroxyl or thiol;Y is selected from O or S;preferably, Z' is the remainder of the oligonucleotide;M and M' are each independently selected from a bond, preferably a bond, whereinrepresents the position of attachment to Z'; represents the position of attachment to T'-R'-L2'-L1'-or -L1-L2-R-T;Rs is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl, preferably hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl;X is selected from hydroxyl or thiol.14.An oligonucleotide according to claim 13, wherein at least one of M and M' is selected from wherein represents the position of attachment to Z'; represents the position of attachment to T'-R'-L2'-L1'-or -L1-L2-R-T; Rs is selected from hydrogen, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl.15.An oligonucleotide according to claim 14, wherein at least one of M and M' is 16.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 15, wherein at least one of T and T' is carboxyl, for example, both T and T' are carboxyl.17.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 16, wherein T' is carboxyl and T is hydroxyl, or T' is hydroxyl and T is carboxyl.18.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 15, wherein T' is hydrogen and T is hydroxyl, or T' is hydrogen and T is carboxyl.19.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 15, wherein T' is hydroxyl and T is hydroxyl.20.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 19, wherein the oligonucleotide is selected from a compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof: wherein Z isT'-R'-L2'-L1'-M'-and -M-L1-L2-R-T are as defined in Table B of the specification, and T'-R'-L2'-L1'-M'-and -M-L1-L2-R-T are connected to Z' via sulfate or thiosulfate;the structures of LL50 to LL128 in Table B are as defined in claim 10; "s" represents that two flanking structures are connected via phosphate or phosphorothioate, and the other structures are defined in the table below:21.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 20, wherein Z or Z' is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) , preferably for inhibiting genes expressed extrahepatically;preferably, the gene expressed extrahepatically is expressed in one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, heart, kidney, fat, spleen, and pancreas, wherein the muscle is preferably quadriceps or cardiac muscle, and the fat is preferably subcutaneous fat, gonadal fat, pgWAT, iWAT, or BAT.22.An oligonucleotide according to any one of claims 8 to 21, wherein the oligonucleotide is a siRNA having a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 30 nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand comprises a sequence sufficiently complementary to the sense strand and the target mRNA, and the two lipophilic moieties are located at the 5' and 3' ends of the sense strand, respectively.23.A method of administering to a subject an oligonucleotide by extrahepatic delivery, wherein the oligonucleotide is as defined in any one of claims 1 to 22, and the extrahepatic delivery comprises delivery to one or more tissues selected from the group consisting of: eye, central nervous system, lung, muscle, kidney, fat, and spleen, wherein the muscle is preferably quadriceps or cardiac muscle, and the fat is preferably subcutaneous fat or gonadal fat.24.A method according to claim 23, wherein the method comprises delivering the oligonucleotide by systemic or topical administration, preferably the administration isselected from the group consisting of: intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intrathecal injection, intraocular injection, intramuscular injection, and aerosol spray.25.A cell comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of claims 1 to 22.26.A pharmaceutical composition comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of claims 1 to 22, or a cell of claim 25, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.27.A kit comprising an oligonucleotide of any one of claims 1 to 22, a cell of claim 25, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 26.28.A compound of formula V or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof: wherein L2, R, and T are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 and 16 to 19,wherein P1 is a protecting group, such as a carboxyl protecting group, preferably selected from-DMTr, -O-DMTr, or -N3.29.A compound according to claim 28, wherein P1 is 30.A compound according to claim 29, wherein the compound is selected from compounds listed in Table C of the specification.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Liver targeting compounds and oligonucleotide conjugates
CN112759620A
Whole body delivery of oligonucleotides
CN116615542A
Synthesis of backbone-modified morpholino oligonucleotides and chimeras using phosphoramidite chemistry
CN116804031A
Multivalent ligand clusters with diamine scaffolds for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents
CN116916963A
RNA interference mediated by short nucleic acids containing modified nucleotides
GB2413557A