Photovoltaic power generation system, black matrix, parallax barrier, louver, and method for manufacturing photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

This photovoltaic power generation system (1) is provided with a plurality of organic solar cells (20) and a circuit (5). The plurality of organic solar cells (20) are arranged in a first direction (d1) and a second direction (d2) that is non-parallel to the first direction (d1). The circuit (5) connects the organic solar cells (20) adjacent to each other in the first direction (d1).

Description

Solar power generation system, black matrix, parallax barrier, louver, and method for manufacturing solar power generation system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic power generation system, a black matrix having a photovoltaic power generation system, a parallax barrier having a photovoltaic power generation system, a louver having a photovoltaic power generation system, and a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation systems are known as a power generation method that places little strain on the environment. Photovoltaic power generation systems use multiple solar cells. Solar cells convert light into electricity. Solar cells are classified into inorganic solar cells and organic solar cells. Organic solar cells have the advantage of low manufacturing costs.

[0003] International Publication No. 2021 / 241542

[0004] In conventional solar power generation systems, it has been assumed that the area of ​​each organic solar cell in a planar view is increased to facilitate the use of incident light for power generation. The larger the area of ​​an organic solar cell, the higher the possibility that foreign matter or the like will be mixed into the organic solar cell. An organic solar cell that has been mixed with foreign matter will no longer function properly. For example, if the foreign matter has a lower resistance than the organic material contained in the organic solar cell, the organic solar cell will short-circuit and cease to function. Reducing the area of ​​organic solar cells has not been previously anticipated. The present disclosure aims to reduce the area of ​​each organic solar cell in a solar power generation system in a planar view while maintaining the area in which organic solar cells are arranged in the entire solar power generation system.

[0005] The solar power generation system of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of organic solar cells arranged in a first direction and a second direction non-parallel to the first direction; and a circuit connecting the organic solar cells adjacent to each other in the first direction.

[0006] According to the present disclosure, the area of ​​each organic solar cell in a solar power generation system in plan view can be reduced while maintaining the area in which the organic solar cells are arranged in the entire solar power generation system.

[0007] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a solar power generation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIA-IIA in FIG. 1 , showing an organic solar cell according to an embodiment. FIG. 2B is an enlarged plan view of a portion IIB in FIG. 1 , showing an organic solar cell according to an embodiment. FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIC-IIC in FIG. 1 , showing an organic solar cell according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a display device including a black matrix and including a solar power generation system according to an embodiment. FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a display device including a black matrix and including a solar power generation system according to an embodiment. FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of a portion IVB in FIG. 4A , showing an enlarged cross-sectional view of a black matrix and including a solar power generation system according to an embodiment. FIG. 5 is a front view of a display device including a parallax barrier and including a solar power generation system according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a display device including a parallax barrier and including a solar power generation system according to an embodiment. FIG. 7 is a front view of a display device with a louver including a solar power generation system according to an embodiment. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a display device with a louver including a solar power generation system according to an embodiment. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an example of a conventional solar power generation system.

[0008] An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings accompanying this specification, the scale and aspect ratios have been appropriately changed and exaggerated from those of the actual objects for the sake of ease of illustration and understanding. Configurations shown in some drawings may be omitted in other drawings.

[0009] In this specification, terms such as "parallel," "orthogonal," and "identical," which specify shapes and geometric conditions and their degrees, as well as values ​​of lengths and angles, are not limited to their strict meanings but are interpreted to include a range of degrees within which similar functions can be expected.

[0010] In this specification, the normal direction of a plate-like member refers to the normal direction to the plate surface of the target plate-like member. The "plate surface" refers to the surface that coincides with the target plate-like member when the target plate-like member is viewed overall and globally.

[0011] In this specification, when multiple upper limit value candidates and multiple lower limit value candidates are listed for a parameter, the parameter may be a numerical range that combines any one upper limit value candidate and any one lower limit value candidate.

[0012] An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the following [1] to

[11] . [1] A solar power generation system including: a plurality of organic solar cells arranged in a first direction and a second direction non-parallel to the first direction; and a circuit connecting the organic solar cells adjacent to each other in the first direction. [2] The area of ​​one of the organic solar cells in a plan view is 400 mm ２The solar power generation system according to [1], which is as follows: [3] The solar power generation system according to [1] or [2], wherein the organic solar cells include a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, and the circuit includes a first connection portion connected to the first electrode layer, a second connection portion connected to the first connection portion and the second electrode layer, and a bus bar connecting the first connection portion or the second connection portion adjacent to each other in the second direction. [4] The solar power generation system according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the organic solar cells include a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic material, and the photoelectric conversion layer contains a perovskite compound. [5] The solar power generation system according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the circuit is dark-colored. [6] A black matrix including the solar power generation system according to [5]. [7] A parallax barrier including the solar power generation system according to [5]. [8] The solar power generation system according to any one of [1] to [5], further including a dark-colored portion extending between the organic solar cells in a third direction non-parallel to the first direction and the second direction. [9] A louver comprising the solar power generation system according to [8].

[10] The louver according to [9], wherein the organic solar cell includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, the circuit includes a first connection portion connected to the first electrode layer and a second connection portion connected to the first connection portion and the second electrode layer, and the dark portion includes the first connection portion.

[11] A method for manufacturing a solar power generation system including an organic solar cell including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and a circuit including a first connector connected to the first electrode layer and a second connector connected to the first connector and the second electrode layer, the method comprising: feeding out a substrate wound in a roll; providing the second electrode layer at a plurality of installation positions arranged in a first direction of the substrate and a second direction non-parallel to the first direction; providing the second connector connected to the second electrode layer; applying an organic material to become the photoelectric conversion layer so as to overlap the second electrode layer; providing the first electrode layer so as to overlap the organic material; and providing the first connector extending in the first direction to connect the first electrode layer and the second connector.

[0013] An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a solar power generation system according to the embodiment. The solar power generation system 1 supplies electric power when irradiated with light. The solar power generation system 1 converts light energy into electrical energy. The solar power generation system 1 supplies electric power not only from sunlight but also from illumination light, image light, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 , the solar power generation system 1 includes a substrate 3, a circuit 5, and a plurality of organic solar cells 20. The solar power generation system 1 supplies electric power generated when the organic solar cells 20 are irradiated with light via the circuit 5 to a power consuming device and a storage battery that stores the electric power, both of which are not shown.

[0014] As shown in Fig. 1, the organic solar cells 20 are regularly arranged two-dimensionally. The organic solar cells 20 are arranged in a first direction d1 and a second direction d2. The second direction d2 is a direction non-parallel to the first direction d1. The second direction d2 may be a direction perpendicular to the first direction d1. The area of ​​one organic solar cell 20 in plan view is 400 mm ２ It may be the following:

[0015] The substrate 3 supports the circuit 5 and the organic solar cell 20. The substrate 3 is plate-shaped. The thickness of the substrate 3 may be 12 μm or more, or 350 μm or less. The substrate 3 is an insulator. The material of the substrate 3 may be glass, resin, or a composite material of an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0016] The circuit 5 electrically connects two organic solar cells 20 and connects the organic solar cells 20 to a power-consuming device or a storage battery (not shown) that stores power. Power generated by the organic solar cells 20 is transmitted via the circuit 5. The circuit 5 extends linearly. Between the two organic solar cells 20, the circuit 5 includes a first connection portion 6 and a second connection portion 7. The first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 extend in the first direction d1. The first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 are connected to each other. The first connection portion 6 is connected to a first electrode layer 21 (described below) of the organic solar cell 20. The second connection portion 7 is connected to a second electrode layer 22 (described below) of the organic solar cell 20. The first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 connect adjacent organic solar cells 20 in the first direction d1. That is, the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 connect the organic solar cells 20 arranged in the first direction d1 to each other.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1 , organic solar cells 20 arranged in the first direction d1 are connected to each other to form a battery assembly 20A having a plurality of organic solar cells 20 arranged in the first direction d1. In the illustrated example, six battery assemblies 20A, each having five organic solar cells 20, are arranged along the second direction d2. The number of organic solar cells 20 included in the battery assembly 20A is arbitrary, and may be two to four or six or more. The number of battery assemblies 20A arranged along the second direction d2 is arbitrary, and may be two to five or more, or seven or more.

[0018] The circuit 5 includes a pair of extraction electrodes 5a and a bus bar (auxiliary electrode) 9. The pair of extraction electrodes 5a extend in the second direction d2. The pair of extraction electrodes 5a are disposed outside the organic solar cells 20 in the first direction d1. The pair of extraction electrodes 5a connect the battery assemblies 20A in parallel.

[0019] The bus bar 9 extends in the second direction d2. As shown in FIG. 1 , the bus bar 9 is connected to the first connection portion 6 or the second connection portion 7. Specifically, the bus bar 9 is connected to one of the first connection portion 6 or the second connection portion 7 that extends between adjacent organic solar cells 20 in the first direction d1. By providing the bus bar 9, a wide electrical flow path can be ensured. This reduces loss due to electrical resistance when collecting power from each organic solar cell 20. In particular, when the area of ​​the solar power generation system 1 is increased, a decrease in conversion efficiency can be suppressed.

[0020] 1 and 2A, the bus bar 9 connects the first connection portions 6 or the second connection portions 7 that are adjacent in the second direction d2. The organic solar cells 20 that are adjacent in the second direction d2 are connected via the bus bar 9. In other words, the bus bar 9 connects the battery assemblies 20A to each other.

[0021] 2B , the line width W1 of the busbar 9 is larger than the line width W2 of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7. This reduces the resistance of the busbar 9 and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The line width W1 of the busbar 9 refers to the length of the busbar 9 in a direction (first direction d1) perpendicular to the second direction d2. The line width W2 of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 refers to the length of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 in the direction (second direction d2) perpendicular to the first direction d1.

[0022] The line width W1 of the busbar 9 may be 1.5 to 100 times the line width W2 of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7. Here, by increasing the line width W1 of the busbar 9, the resistance of the busbar 9 can be reduced. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1 , the length of the busbar 9 (length in the second direction d2) is longer than the length (length in the first direction d1) of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 extending between adjacent organic solar cells 20 in the first direction d1. Therefore, by reducing the resistance of the busbar 9, the resistance of the entire circuit 5 can be effectively reduced. As a result, by making the line width W1 of the busbar 9 1.5 times or more the line width W2 of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7, the resistance of the entire circuit 5 can be effectively reduced and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, by making the line width W1 of the busbar 9 100 times or less the line width W2 of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7, it is possible to prevent the area of ​​the busbar 9 from becoming too large relative to the total area of ​​the photovoltaic power generation system 1 in a plan view. Therefore, by making the line width W1 of the busbar 9 100 times or less the line width W2 of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7, it is possible to prevent the area available for power generation in the photovoltaic power generation system 1 from becoming small.

[0023] Specifically, the line width W1 of the busbar 9 may be 15 μm or more and 10,000 μm or less, or 50 μm or more and 7,000 μm or less. The line width W2 of the first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 may be 5 μm or more and 3,000 μm or less, or 15 μm or more and 2,000 μm or less.

[0024] The circuit 5 may include a diode 8 at a desired position. In the example shown in FIG. 1 , one diode 8 is provided. However, this is not limiting, and one diode 8 may be provided in parallel with each organic solar cell 20. The diode 8 bypasses an organic solar cell 20 in the circuit 5 that is no longer able to generate power due to the influence of shadow, a malfunction, or the like. It is preferable that the diode 8 has low resistance in the forward direction and excellent rectification.

[0025] The circuit 5 is made of a conductive material such as copper. The first connection portion 6 of the circuit 5 may be made of a dark conductive material such as carbon. The illustrated example is not limiting, and the bus bar 9 may be omitted.

[0026] The circuit 5 may be dark in color. As described above, the circuit 5 includes the first connection portion 6, the second connection portion 7, the pair of extraction electrodes 5a, and the bus bar 9. Therefore, the first connection portion 6, the second connection portion 7, the pair of extraction electrodes 5a, and the bus bar 9 may each be dark in color. In this case, the circuit 5 may be dark in color by subjecting the surface of the conductive material, such as copper, that forms the circuit 5 to a blackening treatment. The circuit 5 may be dark in color by providing a dark layer on the surface of the circuit 5. By making the circuit 5 dark in color, parts of the solar power generation system 1 other than the parts where the organic solar cells 20 are provided may be dark in color.

[0027] In the solar power generation system 1, the portions other than the portion where the organic solar cells 20 are provided are dark in color, so that part of the substrate 3 may also be dark in color.

[0028] The organic solar cell 20 generates electricity using incident light. The organic solar cell 20 can generate electricity not only using sunlight but also using illumination light, image light, etc. The organic solar cell 20 is in the form of a thin film. The organic solar cell 20 may be an organic thin-film solar cell. The organic solar cell 20 may be a perovskite solar cell. The thickness of the organic solar cell 20 may be 0.15 μm or more, or 100 μm or less. The visible light transmittance of the organic solar cell 20 may be 10% or more, or 30% or more.

[0029] In this specification, visible light transmittance is specified as the average value of the total light transmittance at each wavelength when measured in 1 nm increments within a wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation's "UV-3600i Plus," compliant with JIS K0115). The angle of incidence when measuring visible light transmittance is set to 0° unless a particular transmission direction is specified. The angle of incidence is the angle between the normal to the incident surface and the traveling direction of incident light, and is a value less than 90°.

[0030] In the plan view shown in FIG. 1, the area of ​​one organic solar cell 20 is 1 mm ２ It may be less than 2500 mm ２ The plan view means observing the photovoltaic power generation system 1 and the organic solar cell 20 from the normal direction of their plate surfaces.

[0031] Fig. 2C is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIC-IIC in Fig. 1. Fig. 2C shows a cross-sectional view of an organic solar cell 20. As shown in Fig. 2C, the organic solar cell 20 includes, in order from the substrate 3 to the substrate 3, a first electrode layer 21, a first carrier transport layer 23, a photoelectric conversion layer 25, a second carrier transport layer 24, and a second electrode layer 22. In the illustrated example, the second electrode layer 22 is in contact with the substrate 3.

[0032] The photoelectric conversion layer 25 absorbs light to excite electrons and holes therein. The excited electrons move toward the first electrode layer 21. The excited holes move toward the second electrode layer 22. The movement of electrons and holes generates electricity. In this way, the photoelectric conversion layer 25 converts light into electricity. The photoelectric conversion layer 25 contains an organic material. The photoelectric conversion layer 25 may contain a perovskite compound. A perovskite compound refers to a semiconductor compound having a perovskite structure. A perovskite structure is usually formed by perovskite (CaTiO ３ AMX such as perovskite ３ The photoelectric conversion layer 25 containing the perovskite compound contains lead to increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The perovskite compound is, for example, CsPbCl ３The photoelectric conversion layer 25 may contain 98% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or more, of a perovskite compound. The photoelectric conversion layer 25 containing an organic material can generate electricity by absorbing visible light with a wavelength of, for example, 410 nm or more and 700 nm or less. The photoelectric conversion layer 25 containing an organic material can also generate electricity using light with lower illuminance than sunlight, such as illumination light or image light. The visible light transmittance of the photoelectric conversion layer 25 may be 0.5% or more, or may be 40% or more. The thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 25 may be 0.15 μm or more, or may be 100 μm or less.

[0033] The first carrier transport layer 23 is disposed between the photoelectric conversion layer 25 and the first electrode layer 21. The first carrier transport layer 23 efficiently transports electrons from the photoelectric conversion layer 25 to the first electrode layer 21. The second carrier transport layer 24 is disposed between the photoelectric conversion layer 25 and the second electrode layer 22. The second carrier transport layer 24 efficiently transports holes from the photoelectric conversion layer 25 to the second electrode layer 22. The first carrier transport layer 23 and the second carrier transport layer 24 improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell 20. The visible light transmittance of the first carrier transport layer 23 and the second carrier transport layer 24 may be 95% or more, or 98% or more. The thickness of the first carrier transport layer 23 may be 0.005 μm or more, or 0.120 μm or less. The thickness of the second carrier transport layer 24 may be 0.050 μm or more, or 0.2 μm or less. The material of the first carrier transport layer 23 may be titanium oxide or tin oxide, and the material of the second carrier transport layer 24 may be Spiro-OMeTAD or copper thiocyanate.

[0034] The first electrode layer 21 extracts electrons that have migrated from the photoelectric conversion layer 25. The second electrode layer 22 extracts holes that have migrated from the photoelectric conversion layer 25. By extracting electrons and holes using the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22, power generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 25 can be transmitted to the outside. The first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22 are arranged opposite each other. The photoelectric conversion layer 25 is arranged between the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22. The visible light transmittance of the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22 may be 75% or more, or 85% or more. The thickness of the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22 may be 5 nm or more, or 150 nm or less. The material of the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), silver nanowires, polythiophene, or a film including a copper mesh.

[0035] The organic solar cell 20 may further include other layers intended to perform specific functions, such as a barrier layer, a protective sheet layer, a filler layer, a strength support layer, an antifouling layer, a light-trapping layer, and an adhesive layer.

[0036] The solar power generation system 1 may further include dark-colored portions 86 between the organic solar cells 20, extending in a third direction d3 non-parallel to the first direction d1 and the second direction d2. The third direction d3 may be a normal direction to the plate surface of the substrate 3. The dark-colored portions 86 may be separate from the substrate 3, the circuit 5, and the organic solar cells 20, or may be part of these. For example, the dark-colored portions 86 may include the first connection portion 6 of the circuit 5. The first connection portion 6 may be formed as the dark-colored portion 86 by being blackened, or may be formed as the dark-colored portion 86 by being made of a dark material such as carbon. In the example shown in FIG. 2C , the first connection portion 6 is the dark-colored portion 86. The illustrated example is not limiting, and the dark-colored portions 86 may further include portions other than the first connection portion 6. For example, the dark-colored portions 86 may further include a portion extending from the first connection portion 6 in the third direction d3. The aspect ratio of the dark color portion 86 may be equal to or greater than 1, or may be equal to or less than 100. The aspect ratio of the dark color portion 86 means the ratio of the longer of the lengths of the dark color portion 86 in the first direction d1 and the second direction d2 to the length in the third direction d3.

[0037] Some examples of components to which the solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment is applied will be described with reference to Fig. 3 to Fig. 8. The solar power generation system 1 may be applied to components other than those described below.

[0038] Fig. 3 shows an exploded perspective view of a display device 60 as an example to which the solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment is applied, and Fig. 4A shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device 60 shown in Fig. 3. The display device 60 is, for example, a liquid crystal display device. As shown in Fig. 3, the display device 60 includes a light source 61, a display layer 63, and a black matrix 65, in this order. The solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment can be applied to the black matrix 65. In the solar power generation system 1, portions other than the portion where the organic solar cell 20 is provided, such as the circuit 5, are dark in color.

[0039] The light source 61 emits light in a planar manner. The light source 61 illuminates the display layer 63. As shown in FIG. 4A , the display layer 63 includes a plurality of pixels 63a, each of which includes a plurality of sub-pixels. The sub-pixels are controlled to transmit different colors. For example, the color of the transmitted light may be controlled in combination with a polarizing plate (not shown) by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules by applying a voltage to the display layer 63. The display layer 63 forms a desired image by controlling the color of the light transmitted through the plurality of pixels 63a.

[0040] In the black matrix 65, the organic solar cells 20 are arranged corresponding to the pixels 63a of the display layer 63. The black matrix 65 transmits light in the areas where the organic solar cells 20 are provided and blocks light in the areas where the circuits 5 and the like are provided. Therefore, the black matrix 65 functions as a frame for the pixels 63a of the display layer 63.

[0041] 4B , blackened dummy electrodes 65a may be provided between the organic solar cells 20. This blocks light in the portions of the black matrix 65 where no organic solar cells 20 are provided. The dummy electrodes 65a may be formed by, for example, plating.

[0042] In the cross section shown in Fig. 4A , the portions (shaded portions) between the organic solar cells 20 may be blackened on two sides, the top and bottom. Furthermore, in the cross section shown in Fig. 4A , the portions (shaded portions) between the organic solar cells 20 may be blackened on three sides, the top and a pair of side surfaces. Furthermore, in the cross section shown in Fig. 4A , the portions (shaded portions) between the organic solar cells 20 may be blackened on four sides, the top, bottom, and a pair of side surfaces.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 4A , light L41 emitted from the light source 61 passes through the pixels 63a of the display layer 63. The light that passes through the pixels 63a is colored. The light that passes through the pixels 63a forms an image. The light that passes through the pixels 63a passes through the organic solar cells 20 in the black matrix 65. An external observer can observe an image on the display device 60. Light L42 emitted from the light source 61 passes through the display layer 63 and then enters the circuits 5 and the like, which are dark in the black matrix 65. The light L42 is blocked by the black matrix 65. The light L42 is prevented from being observed by an external observer. Because the light L42 is not observed, an external observer can observe an image with good contrast.

[0044] The width W3 of the black matrix 65 may be 3 μm or more and 100 μm or less, or 5 μm or more and 80 μm or less. When the width W3 of the black matrix 65 is 3 μm or more, practical processability is ensured. When the width W3 of the black matrix 65 is 100 μm or less, the portions where the organic solar cells 20 are not provided can be prevented from being visible. The width W3 of the black matrix 65 refers to the length of the portions where the organic solar cells 20 are not provided in the first direction d1 or the second direction d2. In the portions where the organic solar cells 20 are not provided, the length in the first direction d1 and the length in the second direction d2 may be equal to or different from each other.

[0045] Fig. 5 shows an exploded front view of a barrier-equipped display device 70 as an example to which the solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment is applied. The barrier-equipped display device 70 displays an image that can be perceived three-dimensionally. As shown in Fig. 5, the barrier-equipped display device 70 includes a display layer 73 and a parallax barrier 75. The solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment can be applied to the parallax barrier 75. In the solar power generation system 1, portions other than the portion where the organic solar cells 20 are provided, such as the circuit 5 and a portion of the substrate 3, are dark in color.

[0046] The display layer 73 emits image light. The display layer 73 may be a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, or the like. The display layer 73 includes a plurality of pixels 73 a. The pixels 73 a include right-eye pixels that form a right-eye image to be viewed by the right eye RE of a viewer at a predetermined position, and left-eye pixels that form a left-eye image to be viewed by the left eye LE.

[0047] The parallax barrier 75 transmits image light from the display layer 73 in the areas where the organic solar cells 20 are provided, and blocks light in areas where the circuits 5 and the like are provided. That is, the parallax barrier 75 blocks light in areas where the organic solar cells 20 are not provided. The organic solar cells 20 are arranged corresponding to the pixels 73a of the display layer 73. The width and pitch of the slits in the parallax barrier 75 are determined by the pitch of the pixels 73a and the number of viewpoints, but are typically on the order of several hundred μm. For example, the horizontal barrier pitch may be 0.340 mm, and the vertical barrier pitch may be 0.509 mm.

[0048] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the barrier-equipped display device 70. As shown in Fig. 6, the parallax barrier 75 allows the right eye RE of the observer to view only the right-eye image formed by the right-eye pixels, and the left eye LE to view only the left-eye image formed by the left-eye pixels. By providing parallax between the right-eye image and the left-eye image, the observer can view the image in three dimensions.

[0049] FIG. 7 shows a louvered display device 80 as an example to which the solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment is applied. The louvered display device 80 limits the viewing angle at which image light is observed, thereby preventing, for example, people other than the user from peeking at the image. As shown in FIG. 7 , the louvered display device 80 includes a display layer 81 and a louver 85. The solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment can be applied to the louver 85. The solar power generation system 1 includes dark portions 86 extending in the third direction d3 between the organic solar cells 20.

[0050] The display layer 81 emits image light and may be a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, or the like.

[0051] The louver 85 controls the traveling direction of the image light from the display layer 81. More specifically, the louver 85 limits the viewing angle at which the image light is observed so that the image light does not spread too much. The louver 85 transmits light in the area where the organic solar cells 20 are provided and blocks light in the area where the dark color portion 86 is provided.

[0052] FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a louvered display device 80. For ease of understanding, hatching has been omitted in FIG. 8 for components other than the circuit 5 of the solar power generation system 1. The first connection portion 6 of the circuit 5 is included in the dark portion 86. Light L81 emitted from the display layer 81 shown in FIG. 8 is emitted in the front direction of the louvered display device 80. The light L81 passes through the organic solar cells 20 of the louvered display device 80. An observer positioned in the front direction of the louvered display device 80 can observe an image. Light L82 emitted from the display layer 81 is emitted in a direction significantly tilted from the front direction of the louvered display device 80. The light L82 enters the dark portion 86 without passing through the organic solar cells 20 or immediately after passing through the organic solar cells 20. The light L82 is absorbed by the dark portion 86 and is not observed by an external observer. An image cannot be observed from a direction significantly tilted from the front direction of the louvered display device 80.

[0053] The display device 60, the barrier-equipped display device 70, and the louver-equipped display device 80 can be applied as display devices for smartphones, for example.

[0054] An example of a method for manufacturing the solar power generation system 1 of this embodiment will be described.

[0055] The substrate 3 wound in a roll shape is fed out. As the substrate 3 is fed out from the roll, each component of the solar power generation system 1 is provided on the substrate 3 as described below. The solar power generation system 1 can be manufactured by a roll-to-roll method. In the manufacturing process of the solar power generation system 1, a pattern coater of a winding, supplying, and winding type, such as a gravure direct coater, a rotary screen printing machine, or a dipping device, may be used. The roll-to-roll method allows the solar power generation system 1 to be manufactured efficiently. This facilitates mass production of the solar power generation system 1, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the solar power generation system 1.

[0056] The substrate 3 has a plurality of installation positions. The plurality of installation positions are arranged in the first direction d1 and the second direction d2. The installation positions are positions where the organic solar cells 20 are provided on the substrate 3. The second electrode layer 22 is provided at the installation positions. The second electrode layer 22 may be provided, for example, by providing a material to be the second electrode layer 22 on the substrate 3 and then etching the material. The material to be the second electrode layer 22 may be formed by a method of adhering a metal foil, a plating method including electroplating and electroless plating, a sputtering method, a CVD method, a PVD method, an ion plating method, or a combination of two or more of these methods. The etching may be, for example, wet etching using an etching solution or the like, or dry etching using plasma or the like. The second electrode layer 22 can be provided at a plurality of installation positions at the same time.

[0057] The second connection portion 7 is provided so as to connect to the second electrode layer 22. The second connection portion 7 may be provided by forming a metal thin film on the second electrode layer 22 and then etching the metal thin film. The second connection portion 7 may also be provided by printing. The second connection portions 7 can be provided collectively on a plurality of second electrode layers 22. Portions of the circuit 5 other than the first connection portion 6 may also be provided simultaneously with the second connection portion 7. For example, a bus bar 9 may be provided simultaneously with the second connection portion 7.

[0058] A second carrier transport layer 24 is provided so as to overlap the second electrode layer 22. The second carrier transport layer 24 can be produced by vacuum film formation such as vacuum deposition or sputtering. An organic material to be used as the material for the photoelectric conversion layer 25 is applied so as to overlap the second electrode layer 22 and the second carrier transport layer 24. A first carrier transport layer 23 is provided so as to overlap the organic material. The first carrier transport layer 23 may be provided in the same manner as the second carrier transport layer 24. A first electrode layer 21 is provided so as to overlap the organic material and the first carrier transport layer 23. The first electrode layer 21 may be provided in the same manner as the second electrode layer 22.

[0059] The first connection portion 6 is provided to connect the first electrode layer 21 and the second connection portion 7. The first connection portion 6 is provided to extend in the first direction d1. The first connection portion 6 and the second connection portion 7 connect the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 22 adjacent in the first direction d1. The organic solar cells 20 adjacent in the first direction d1 are connected. The first connection portion 6 may be dark-colored by being made of a dark-colored material such as carbon, or may be dark-colored by being made of a conductive material such as copper and having its surface blackened. The entire circuit 5 may also be dark-colored by being blackened together with the first connection portion 6. A dark-colored portion 86 may be provided simultaneously with the first connection portion 6. The dark-colored portion 86 may be provided to extend from the first connection portion 6. The dark-colored portion 86 may be provided separately from the first connection portion 6 and other components.

[0060] In conventional solar power generation systems, organic solar cells extend in a direction non-parallel to the direction in which they connect to adjacent organic solar cells. FIG. 9 shows a plan view of an example of a conventional solar power generation system. As shown in FIG. 9 , in a conventional solar power generation system 101, organic solar cells 120 are arranged in a first direction d1 and extend in a second direction d2. Adjacent organic solar cells 120 in the first direction d1 are connected by a circuit 105. While the area of ​​each organic solar cell 120 is increased, the length in the first direction d1 connecting adjacent organic solar cells 120 is shortened. In conventional solar power generation systems, increasing the area of ​​the organic solar cells has been considered. The larger the area of ​​the organic solar cell 120, the higher the possibility of foreign matter or the like being mixed into the organic solar cell 120. Foreign matter may have a lower resistance than the organic material contained in the organic solar cell 120. Such foreign matter can short-circuit the organic solar cell 120. A short-circuited organic solar cell 120 will no longer function properly.

[0061] In the solar power generation system 1 of this embodiment, the organic solar cells 20 are arranged in a first direction d1 and a second direction d2. The organic solar cells 20 adjacent to each other in the first direction d1 are connected by a circuit 5. Even if each organic solar cell 20 is made smaller, the area in which the organic solar cells 20 are arranged can be maintained in the entire solar power generation system 1 because the organic solar cells 20 are arranged in the first direction d1 and the second direction d2. Specifically, when the area of ​​one organic solar cell 20 in a plan view is set to 400 mm ２ Even if the above is achieved, the area where the organic solar cells 20 are arranged can be sufficiently maintained throughout the photovoltaic power generation system 1. In this way, the area of ​​each organic solar cell 20 can be made sufficiently small, so that the area ratio of organic solar cells 20 that become unusable due to a short circuit caused by a conductive foreign substance or the like can be reduced.

[0062] The circuit 5 may include a bus bar 9 that connects the first connection portions 6 or the second connection portions 7 that are adjacent in the second direction d2. Even if one organic solar cell 20 stops functioning due to the presence of foreign matter or the like, the bus bar 9 allows the other organic solar cells 20 in the photovoltaic power generation system 1 to function properly while avoiding the organic solar cell 20.

[0063] The circuit 5 may be dark in color. If the circuit 5 is dark in color, the circuit 5 becomes difficult to observe. The organic solar cell 20 is observed to have a sufficiently high visible light transmittance. The circuit 5 blocks light, and the organic solar cell 20 allows light to transmit. The solar power generation system 1 can be applied to a black matrix or a parallax barrier.

[0064] The solar power generation system 1 may be included in the black matrix 65, the parallax barrier 75, or the louver 85. A portion of the light from the display layer can be converted into electricity by the solar power generation system 1. Light that passes through the solar power generation system 1 at an angle to the normal direction has a long optical path through the photoelectric conversion layer 25 of the organic solar cell 20, and is therefore likely to be absorbed by the photoelectric conversion layer 25. Light that passes through the solar power generation system 1 at an angle to the normal direction tends to become excess light that is difficult to observe. The photoelectric conversion layer 25 absorbs such light and converts it into electricity, allowing for efficient use of light.

[0065] The solar power generation system 1 further includes dark portions 86 extending in the third direction d3 between the organic solar cells 20. The dark portions 86 can block light. The solar power generation system 1 can be applied to the louvers of a louvered display device.

[0066] The solar power generation system 1 is manufactured while feeding out a rolled substrate. The solar power generation system 1 can be manufactured by a roll-to-roll method. The components of the organic solar cells 20 can be provided collectively in the entire solar power generation system 1. When the organic solar cells 20 are arranged in the first direction d1 and the second direction d2 in the solar power generation system 1, the solar power generation system 1 can be manufactured particularly efficiently.

[0067] The solar power generation system 1 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of organic solar cells 20 and a circuit 5. The plurality of organic solar cells 20 are arranged in a first direction d1 and a second direction d2 non-parallel to the first direction d1. The circuit 5 connects adjacent organic solar cells 20 in the first direction d1. Compared to conventional solar power generation systems, each organic solar cell 20 can be made smaller while maintaining the area in which the organic solar cells are arranged in the entire solar power generation system.

[0068] Although one embodiment has been described, the above specific example does not limit the embodiment. The above-described embodiment can be implemented in various other specific examples, and various omissions, substitutions, changes, additions, etc. can be made within the scope of the gist thereof.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising: a plurality of organic solar cells arranged in a first direction and a second direction non-parallel to the first direction; and a circuit connecting the adjacent organic solar cells in the first direction.

2. The area of one of the organic solar cells in plan view is 400 mm ２ The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, which is as follows.

3. The organic solar cell includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer. The circuit includes a first connection portion connected to the first electrode layer, a second connection portion connected to the first connection portion and the second electrode layer, and a bus bar connecting the adjacent first connection portions or the second connection portions in the second direction. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1.

4. The organic solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic material. The photoelectric conversion layer contains a perovskite-type compound. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1.

5. The circuit is dark-colored. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1.

6. A black matrix comprising the photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5.

7. A parallax barrier comprising the photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5.

8. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a dark-colored portion extending in a third direction non-parallel to the first direction and the second direction between the organic solar cells.

9. A louver comprising the photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 8.

10. The organic solar cell includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer. The circuit includes a first connection portion connected to the first electrode layer and a second connection portion connected to the first connection portion and the second electrode layer. The dark-colored portion includes the first connection portion. The louver according to claim 9.

11. A method for manufacturing a solar power generation system, comprising: an organic solar cell including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; and a circuit including a first connection portion connected to the first electrode layer and a second connection portion connected to the first connection portion and the second electrode layer. The method includes the steps of: feeding out a substrate wound in a roll shape; providing the second electrode layer at a plurality of installation positions arranged in a first direction of the substrate and a second direction non-parallel to the first direction; providing the second connection portion connected to the second electrode layer; applying an organic material to be the photoelectric conversion layer so as to overlap the second electrode layer; providing the first electrode layer so as to overlap the organic material; and providing the first connection portion extending in the first direction so as to connect the first electrode layer and the second connection portion.

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