Wireless communication with coordinated access points
Multi-access point collaboration technology addresses WLAN efficiency issues by coordinating multiple access points to share resources and transmit data simultaneously, enhancing coverage and capacity in dense network environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/072046
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Traditional WLAN deployments face challenges with heavy network loads and severe network overlap due to limited coverage and signal interference, making it difficult to implement multi-access point coordinated transmission effectively.
The implementation of multi-access point collaboration technology, where multiple access points form a coordinated set to share resources and coordinate transmissions using techniques like Coordinated Beamforming, Coordinated Spatial Reuse, and Coordinated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, enabling simultaneous data transmission to multiple stations.
This approach enhances network coverage, capacity, and performance by optimizing channel selection and reducing interference, thereby improving overall WLAN efficiency.
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Figure CN2024072046_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WITH COORDINATED ACCESS POINTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This document is directed generally to wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0002] With the rapid development of computers and the Internet, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology has gained increasing attention. WLAN technology, based on short-range wireless communication, allows mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and multimedia players to wirelessly access the Internet in homes, offices, or specific service areas. This technology enables convenient and flexible connectivity, empowering users to access online services and resources without the constraints of wired connections. WLAN has become an essential part of modern communication infrastructure, providing seamless connectivity and enhancing productivity in various environments.
[0003] WLAN often utilizes the technologies defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 series of standards, including the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) protocols. The IEEE has commercialized or developed various technical standards to meet the growing network demands.SUMMARY
[0004] This document, among other features and benefits, describes techniques for coordinating multiple access points (APs) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) .
[0005] In some example aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method performed by a first access point (AP) . The method includes: forming or joining a coordinated set including a second AP, wherein the first AP is associated with a first basic service set (BSS) and the second AP is associated with a second BSS; and transmitting, to a station (STA) in the second BSS, a first frame including information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are included in the coordinated set.
[0006] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method performed by a STA. The method includes: receiving a first frame including information indicating that a first AP and a second AP are included in a coordinated set, wherein the STA is in a second BSS associated with the second AP, and wherein the first AP is associated with a first BSS; and performing a subsequent transmission based on the first frame.
[0007] In yet another example aspect, the above-described methods are embodied in the form of processor-executable code and stored in a computer-readable program medium.
[0008] In yet another example embodiment, a device that is configured or operable to perform the above-described methods is disclosed.
[0009] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a WLAN network 100, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) process used for a node to access the channel, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates a communication system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of multi-access point coordinated transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 5 illustrates a network including a coordinated set of access points (APs) , in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 6 illustrates a frame body of a management frame, e.g., a beacon frame or Probe Response frame, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure, such as a management or control frame, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 8 illustrates a trigger frame, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a user information field, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 10 illustrates a BSS inter-channel measurement process performed by a BSS AP acting as a proxy AP.
[0020] FIG. 11 illustrates a wireless network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 12 illustrates a process for uplink and downlink coordinated transmissions, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for coordinated transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process for coordinated transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 15 is a block diagram representation of a portion of an apparatus based on embodiments of the disclosed technology.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Section headings are used in the present document only for ease of understanding and do not limit scope of the embodiments to the section in which they are described. Furthermore, while some embodiments are described with reference to WLAN technology based on IEEE 802.11 standards, the disclosed techniques may be applied to wireless systems that use protocols other than 802.11.
[0026] With the rapid proliferation of WLAN applications, WLAN deployments have become increasingly dense, resulting in heavier network loads and more severe network overlap. Traditional network deployment techniques based on frequency reuse are no longer sufficient to meet these demands. As a result, WLAN network efficiency has shown a noticeable decline.
[0027] The 802.11 MAC uses a distributed coordination function (Distribution System, DS) , and DCF relies on multiple access technology based on collision avoidance / carrier sensing (CSMA / CA) . CSMA / CA requires the device to monitor the channel before sending data, and determine whether to send data or perform a backoff operation based on the monitoring results. If the channel is occupied, the device waits for a random amount of time before trying to send again.
[0028] Multi-access point collaboration technology refers to technology that provides better coverage, capacity, and performance through cooperation (also referred to as “coordination” ) between multiple access points (APs) . Traditional single AP deployment may face problems such as limited coverage and signal interference. Multi-AP collaboration technology addresses problems such as heavy network load and severe network overlap by connecting multiple APs to the same wireless network and implementing collaborative behaviors.
[0029] In current WLAN networks, a station (STA) can only maintain an association with one access point at the same time, which makes multi-access point coordinated transmission difficult to apply in the WLAN system. In view of the difficulty in applying multi-access point coordinated transmission in WLAN systems in current related technologies, effective solutions have yet to be provided.
[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a WLAN network 100, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The WLAN network 100 includes one or more basic service sets (BSSs) , which represent a group of devices that are successfully associated and communicate with each other within an extended service set (ESS) . Different BSSs can be distinguished using BSS Identification (BSSID) information. The BSSID is carried in a MAC frame header, and a BSS Color is carried in a PHY frame header.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 1, the BSSs comprise one or more stations (e.g., STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4, and STA5) , access points (e.g., AP1 and AP2) that provide access services, and the Distribution System (DS) that connects multiple access points. The example in FIG. 1 shows BSS1 includes AP1, STA1, and STA2, and BSS2 includes AP2, STA3, STA4, and STA5. BSS1 and BSS2 may be interconnected via AP1 and AP2 or connected to a switch / gateway through the DS.
[0032] A STA can be a wireless terminal device such as a laptop, smartphone, tablet, or any other device that supports wireless connectivity. A STA can be clients or APs in a wireless network. In the 802.11 standard, stations communicate with each other over the wireless channel and can perform operations such as data transmission, receiving broadcast messages, and roaming. Each station has a unique physical address known as the MAC address, which is used for identification and addressing within the wireless network.
[0033] APs act as the Distribution System (DS) access entities for the stations associated with them. In the infrastructure mode, STAs scan the wireless channels, search for nearby APs, and connect to them. Non-AP stations communicate with other stations through APs and can also access wired network resources through APs. In addition to the infrastructure mode, APs can also be used in ad-hoc mode, where multiple STAs can directly communicate in a point-to-point or multi-point manner, forming a self-organizing wireless network. APs can serve as Personal Coordination Points (PCPs) . In this disclosure, APs generally include access points, base stations, and eNodeBs. Furthermore, various types of wireless communication terminals can also be included, which allocate wireless resources and perform scheduling of multiple wireless communication terminals.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) process used for a node to access the channel, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Before sending data, a wireless device first listens to the wireless channel to detect if other devices are transmitting data. If the signal strength exceeds a predefined threshold, known as a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) threshold, the channel is considered busy, and the wireless device delays its channel access. This process is known as Clear Channel Assessment. If no signal is detected, or the signal strength is below the CCA threshold, the channel is considered idle.
[0035] A busy indication of the channel relies on a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) . The purpose of NAV is to establish a guard period on the wireless channel to prevent other devices from sending data during that period. The value of a NAV is calculated based on the time the sending device is expected to use, including data transmission time and transmission delay between devices. After receiving a frame carrying NAV, other devices will remain silent and not send data within the time indicated by NAV to avoid collisions.
[0036] As further discussed in this document, it is possible to have more than one AP communicating with the same or different STAs simultaneously. Multiple APs can transmit the same data or different data to STAs.
[0037] Examples of Multi-AP Coordination
[0038] FIG. 3 illustrates a communication system 300, in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication system 300 includes of AP1, AP2, STA1, and STA2. In some implementations, AP1 and AP2 can be base stations, while STA1 and STA2 can be user devices (UEs) . Unlike scenarios where a STA can only communicate with one AP at a time, this communication system allows AP1 and AP2 to simultaneously communicate with STA1 and STA2 separately, or STA1 and STA2 together.
[0039] For example, AP1 and AP2 can simultaneously send data to STA1. AP1 and AP2 can also simultaneously send data to STA2. AP1 and AP2 can also simultaneously or separately send data to both STA1 and STA2. To achieve these communication modes, AP1 and AP2 can exchange information to ensure that data can reach STA1 or STA2 simultaneously. For instance, AP1 or AP2 can send trigger frames or synchronization frames to synchronize the start of transmission between AP1 and AP2.
[0040] Multi-Access Point Collaboration Transmission (MAPCT) technology refers to a technique where multiple access points form a collaborative transmission collective to cooperate and transmit data. MAPCT technology can be categorized into collaborative transmission and joint transmission.
[0041] Collaborative transmission (also referred to as “cooperative” or “coordinated” transmission) involves multiple APs sharing wireless resources such as frequency, space, or time resources and using technologies like Coordinated Beamforming (C-BF or Co-BF) , Coordinated Space Reuse (C-SR) , Coordinated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (C-OFDMA) , or Coordinated Time Division Multiple Access (C-TDMA) to transmit data to multiple STAs separately.
[0042] Joint transmission involves multiple APs sharing wireless resources such as frequency, space, or time resources and using technologies like Joint Beamforming (e.g., joint single-user multiple-input multiple-output ( (J-SUMIMO) ) or Joint Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (J-MUMIMO) to simultaneously transmit data to the same STA. The station combines the data received from the multiple APs using a specific strategy to obtain the final received data. This is contrast to collaborative transmissions, where data can be transmitted from only a single AP, even though multiple APs coordinate in the performance of the transmission.
[0043] AP1 and AP2 allow statements that support multiple input points and the ability to access them. For example, the APs can support concrete area, multi-contact input point transfer ability including interaction wave packet forming (e.g., coordinated beamforming (C-BF) ) , interaction space addition (e.g., coordinated spatial reuse (C-SR) ) , interaction space addition (e.g., coordinated orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (C-OFDMA) ) , interaction time addition (e.g., coordinated time-division multiple access (C-TDMA) ) , combined wave bundle shaping (e.g., J-SUMIMO) , combined multiple use multiple input multiple output (e.g., J-MUMIMO) , etc.
[0044] AP1 and AP2 can exchange information about the multi-access point transmission modes they each support. Afterwards, AP1 and AP2 can choose the multi-access point transmission mode agreed upon by each other. Negotiation for multi-access point transmission mode selection can be performed before data transmission to the STA. During the negotiation, in addition to selecting the multi-access point transmission mode, AP1 and AP2 can also exchange data for transmitting data to STA1 or STA2 using the joint transmission mode.
[0045] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of multi-access point coordinated transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Multiple access points can be divided into two main categories: sharing AP and shared AP, or master AP and slave AP.
[0046] The sharing AP or master AP is responsible for coordinating and controlling the other APs in the coordinated transmission. It acts as the coordinator, scheduling the transmissions of the other APs and ensuring their collaboration and interoperability.
[0047] The shared AP or slave AP refers to the APs controlled and scheduled by the sharing AP in the multi-AP coordinated transmission. These APs receive instructions from the sharing AP and perform transmission operations based on those instructions. The shared APs coordinate with each other through the sharing AP to avoid collisions and improve transmission efficiency.
[0048] When transmitting data, the shared APs may perform operations such as slot allocation, power control, and transmission time adjustment based on the instructions from the sharing AP to ensure a smooth coordinated transmission.
[0049] The assignment of roles between the sharing AP and shared APs is typically determined based on the initial negotiation of the coordinated transmission set or factors such as network topology, AP processing capabilities, AP locations, and coverage range. Alternatively, in the CSMA / CA mechanism, the AP that completes the backoff process first and attempts to access the channel can assume the role of the sharing AP.
[0050] The sharing or shared roles can be permanent, semi-permanent, or dynamically change. For example, if determined based on initial negotiation, the roles of the sharing AP and shared APs can be permanent or semi-permanent (e.g., relative to the network's lifecycle) . If determined using CSMA / CA, the roles of the sharing AP and shared APs can dynamically change.
[0051] In FIG. 4, the sharing AP accesses the channel and sends a trigger frame using the CSMA / CA mechanism. The trigger frame can carry instructions for shared AP1 and shared AP2. Subsequently, the sharing AP, shared AP1, and shared AP2 simultaneously access the channel for coordinated transmission. The coordinated transmission can employ various modes, such as Coordinated Beamforming (C-BF) , Coordinated Spatial Reuse (C-SR) , Coordinated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (C-OFDMA) , and so on.
[0052] An AP can request STAs within a BSS to measure the signals of other, Overlapping BSSs (OBSSs) by using a Measurement Request / Response mechanism. This mechanism allows the AP to send a Measurement Request element to STAs within the BSS, instructing them to measure the OBSS signals. The STAs that receive the request respond by providing the measured OBSS signal information to the AP through a "Measurement Report element" .
[0053] During the Measurement Request / Response process, beacon frames can be used for measuring the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) . Beacon frames are used for RSSI measurements because their transmission power remains relatively stable compared to other frames, providing a reliable reference signal. By measuring the OBSS signals, both the AP and STA can obtain information about the signal strength of other BSSs in the surrounding environment. This information allows for operations such as channel selection, interference monitoring, and network performance optimization.
[0054] Completing the measurement process typically takes more than 100-200 milliseconds, regardless of whether it is an active or passive measurement. This is because the measurement process involves a series of steps and message exchanges to obtain the required information.
[0055] For passive measurements, the beacon interval can be set to 100-200 milliseconds, which represents the time interval between beacon frames transmitted by the AP. STAs can perform measurements by listening to these beacon frames, such as measuring channel quality or Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) . Therefore, completing a passive measurement usually requires waiting for one or multiple beacon intervals.
[0056] For active measurements, the STA can allocate approximately 100-200 milliseconds to collect Probe Responses from all the APs. In active measurement, the STA sends Probe Request frames to the surrounding APs and waits for their responses. This process takes time to complete, especially when there are multiple APs in the vicinity. The STA needs to wait for the response from each AP, so the entire measurement process may take more than 100-200 milliseconds.
[0057] Indeed, it is important to note that if the STA is unable to receive beacon frames from the OBSS AP for any reason, the measurement process may take longer. This can occur due to signal attenuation, interference, poor channel conditions, or other wireless environmental factors. In such cases, the STA may need to wait for a longer duration to collect sufficient information to complete the measurement. The extended time is necessary to overcome these challenges and obtain the required measurements in a potentially adverse wireless environment.
[0058] FIG. 5 illustrates a network 500 including a coordinated set of access points (APs) , in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In a wireless network, an AP coordinated set is a group of APs that collaborate to manage and optimize the performance of the wireless network. In FIG. 5, AP1, AP2, and AP3 form a coordinated set of APs, while STA1 and STA2 are stations within the BSS of AP1 and AP2, respectively. In this coordinated set, APs can act as proxy APs for each other. For example, AP3 can act as a proxy AP for AP1 and AP2 to provide network access and services to STA1 and STA2, even though it is not the AP associated with STA1 and STA2. To establish or modify a coordinated set of APs, there can be admission and exit negotiation mechanisms between APs and proxy APs.
[0059] When an AP functions as a proxy AP of a given AP, then the control frames, data frames, etc., sent by the proxy AP can use the MAC address of the proxy access point. In some implementations, the proxy AP can use the local MAC address (i.e., of the non-proxy AP) , and a mapping relationship between the local MAC address and the proxy MAC address can be used. In some implementations, a control frame sent by the proxy AP can carry the identification of other cell sites.
[0060] FIG. 6 illustrates a frame body 600 of a management frame, e.g., a beacon frame or Probe Response frame, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The management frame includes one or more fields used for exchanging capability information between an AP and its proxy AP. The management frame can include at least one of the following:
[0061] Capability Information element: This field is used to convey general capability information of the AP or proxy AP, such as support for encryption, QoS, etc.
[0062] Service Set Identification (SSID) Field: This field contains a network identifier (SSID) of the AP or proxy AP, used to identify the associated wireless network.
[0063] Supported Rates Field: This field lists the data transmission rates supported by the AP or proxy AP so that stations can choose an appropriate rate for communication.
[0064] QoS Capability element: This field indicates whether the AP or proxy AP supports Quality of Service (QoS) functionality to provide different levels of service quality.
[0065] VHT / HE / EHT / UHR Capability element: These fields convey relevant capability information of the AP or proxy AP for supporting high-speed wireless protocols such as Very High Throughput (VHT) , High Efficiency (HE) , Extremely High Througput (EHT) , and Ultra High Reliability (UHR) .
[0066] VHT / HE / EHT / UHR Operation element: These fields convey the current operating mode and parameters of the AP or proxy AP to support specific high-speed wireless protocols.
[0067] Through the exchange of these fields, the proxy AP can obtain necessary capability information such as supported rates, QoS functionality, support for high-speed wireless protocols, and more.
[0068] In some implementations, the UHR Capability field or the UHR Operation field can include additional capability information related to AP cooperation or joint transmission. This information may include at least one of:
[0069] a. Support for Coordinated Transmission: Indicates whether an AP has the capability for coordinated transmission.
[0070] b. Support for Joint Transmission: Indicates whether the AP has the capability for joint transmission.
[0071] c. Supported Coordinated Transmission Mode (s) : Describes the different coordinated transmission modes supported by the AP, which may include C-OFDMA, CO-BF, CO-SR, CO-TDMA, etc.
[0072] d. Supported Joint Transmission Mode (s) : Describes the different joint transmission modes supported by the AP, which may involve resource sharing, coordinated transmission timing and frequency between APs.
[0073] e. MAC addresses of one or more stations in the AP's managed BSS: Lists the MAC addresses of stations managed by the AP in its BSS, used to identify and recognize specific stations.
[0074] f. Identifiers of one or more stations in the AP's managed BSS: Contains identifiers of stations managed by the AP in its BSS. These identifiers can be unique identifiers assigned to stations to differentiate and manage different stations.
[0075] FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure 700, such as a management or control frame, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Aa proxy AP can act on behalf of another AP to send necessary management or control frames. The frame structure 700 can include at least one of the following:
[0076] Address1 field: Carries the destination MAC address, indicating the frame's intended recipient.
[0077] Address2 field: Carries the source MAC address. In frames sent by a proxy AP, this field can be set to the MAC address of the AP being represented, indicating the frame's sender.
[0078] Address3 field: Carries the BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) , which is an identifier used to identify the BSS.
[0079] In traditional 802.11 networks, STAs determine whether a received frame is sent by their associated AP based on the Address2 and Address3 fields. STAs only process frames from their associated AP and generally discard frames sent by other APs.
[0080] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, to ensure that control or management frames sent by a proxy AP can be correctly received by stations, two implementation examples can be used:
[0081] 1) Set Address2 and Address3 fields to the MAC address of the AP being represented: In some implementations, the proxy AP sets the Address2 and Address3 fields to the MAC address of the AP being represented. This allows stations to correctly identify the source and destination of the frame and process them as intended.
[0082] 2) Use a MAC address translation table or mechanism: In some implementations, the proxy AP sets its own MAC address. A MAC address translation table or other mechanism can be used in STAs to map the proxy AP's MAC address to the associated AP's MAC address. When a STA receives a frame sent by the proxy AP, it can use the translation table or other mechanism to convert the proxy AP's MAC address to the associated AP's MAC address for proper processing of the frame.
[0083] Additionally, in the 802.11ax standard, an additional BSS Color field is defined in the physical layer header to identify the BSS to which a wireless frame belongs. Therefore, APs in a coordinated set can each set the BSS Color to the same value, to avoid situations where wireless frames sent by a proxy AP may not be correctly received by STAs.
[0084] FIG. 8 illustrates a trigger frame 800, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Trigger frames serve as synchronization and control mechanisms for AP or STA access. The trigger frame 800 contains a user information list that can be extended based on different scenarios. In traditional 802.11 networks, the user information list only includes user information for STAs. But in coordinated AP networks, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the trigger frame can be extended to include at least one of the following:
[0085] User information for one or more STAs: The STA User Info field 802 can contain user information for STAs within the same BSS as the AP. The STA user information field 802 can also include user information for STAs in other BSSs. In some implementations, the field can include at least one of: a STA identifier, a transmission rate, transmit power, channel, and so on.
[0086] User information for APs: The AP User Info field 804 can be used to specify the specific AP objects for coordinated or joint transmission. It can include transmission modes, rates, transmit power, channels, and other information.
[0087] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a user information field 900, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the user information field 900 can correspond to the STA User Info field 802 or the AP User Info field 804 of FIG. 8. It is important to note that in traditional 802.11 networks, an Association ID (AID) field is used to identify a specific STA. Within each BSS network, each STA has a unique AID identifier specific to that BSS. To extend the user information fields to AP coordinated networks and include the AP's user information field as mentioned earlier, the user information field 900 includes an expanded AID field 902.
[0088] In the AP's user information field (e.g., AP User Info field 804) , the AID field 902 can contain the AP identifier within the AP coordinated set. The AP identifier can be assigned during the establishment of the AP coordinated set or when an AP joins an existing AP coordinated set. The AP identifier uniquely identifies a specific AP within the AP coordinated set.
[0089] In the STA's user information field (e.g., STA User Info field 802) , the AID field 902 can contain either an AID identifier from another BSS or the AID identifier specific to the local BSS. The AID identifier from another BSS can be uniquely assigned to the STAs within that AP's BSS when the AP joins the coordinated set.
[0090] The AID field 902 can be used in conjunction with the Address fields mentioned earlier (e.g., Address1, Address2, or Address3 in FIG. 7) to differentiate between local BSS STAs and other BSS STAs. For example, if a STA's user information field contains the STA in the BSS of an AP being represented, a proxy AP can set the Address2 and Address3 fields to the MAC address of the AP being represented, and the AID field 902 to the AID identifier of the local BSS station in the BSS of the AP being represented. Therefore, the local BSS STAs of the AP being represented can correctly identify the user information fields in the trigger frame without confusion with the BSS STAs of the proxy AP. Additionally, the proxy AP can also set the AID field 902 to the AID identifier of other BSS STAs. Since the AID identifier of other BSS uniquely identifies a specific STA within the entire AP coordinated set, it does not cause confusion among the STAs.
[0091] FIG. 10 illustrates an example BSS inter-channel measurement process 1000 performed by a BSS AP acting as a proxy AP. To facilitate proper cooperation or joint transmission, the BSS AP needs to gather channel status information from both BSS STAs and OBSS STAs. This process is known as sounding. In traditional 802.11 networks, sounding is only used to obtain channel status information from BSS STAs. As described previously, by defining new trigger frame formats and sounding procedures, the BSS AP can simultaneously measure the channel status information of both BSS STAs and OBSS STAs.
[0092] The process 1000 begins with the BSS AP transmitting a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) frame at 1010, which declares the BSS AP’s intention of initiating a sounding process. The NDPA frame can include a trigger frame and contain the user information fields for both BSS STAs and OBSS STAs (e.g., fields 802 and 804 of FIG. 8) . Next, the BSS AP sends a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame at 1020 for channel measurement purposes. The BSS STAs and OBSS STAs receive the NDP frame and perform channel measurements accordingly.
[0093] The BSS AP sends a trigger frame at 1030 to trigger the BSS STAs and OBSS STAs to provide feedback on the measured channel status information. Similarly, this trigger frame contains the user information fields for both BSS STAs and OBSS STAs. Subsequently, the BSS STAs and OBSS STAs send Channel Measurement Feedback Report frames (e.g., beamforming reports (BFRs) ) back to the BSS AP, which contain the channel status information. Thus, through the application of a proxy AP, sounding can be simultaneously applied to STAs in different BSSs, significantly increasing the efficiency of channel measurement.
[0094] FIG. 11 illustrates an example wireless network 1100, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 11, AP1 1102, AP2 1104, and AP3 1106 form a coordinated AP set, while STA2-2 1106 and STA2-3 1108 are nodes (e.g., 802.11ax / be nodes) within AP2's BSS. STA4-1 1110 belongs to another cell (not shown) but is within the communication range of AP1. In traditional 802.11 networks, when an AP or STA acquires a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) , it protects the TXOP transmission by setting a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) . However, there is a conflict between the requirements for upstream trigger transmissions of hidden STAs and traditional STAs, as well as the way NAV is set.
[0095] In this scenario, AP1 1102 acquires a TXOP and intends to use the C-TDMA transmission mode. AP1 1102 has traditionally has two options for setting the NAV:
[0096] (1) AP1 1102 can set the NAV until the entire TXOP is completed. The advantage of this setting is that AP1 1102 can reclaim the TXOP. However, since STA2-2 1106 and STA2-3 1108 are considered an OBSS for AP1, the set NAV is a basic NAV. As a result, when AP2 1104 shares the TXOP, STA2-2 and STA2-3 cannot perform upstream trigger transmissions.
[0097] (2) AP1 1102 can set the NAV until the end of the TXOP it uses. The advantage of this setting is that when AP2 1104 shares the TXOP, the basic NAV for STA2-2 and STA2-3 is already outdated and can be triggered by AP2 1104 for upstream transmissions. However, AP3 1106 and STA4-1 1112 mistakenly consider the channel idle when AP2 shares the TXOP, leading to AP1's inability to reclaim the TXOP. If AP3 1106 is a UHR AP, then AP3 1106 can notify the channel usage during AP2 1104’s TXOP in advance. However, STA4-1 11112, being a traditional STA, cannot avoid channel contention.
[0098] But with the introduction of the proxy AP mechanism described in this disclosure, this problem can be resolved. The proxy AP, here AP1, can be recognized by the STAs in the coordinated set as the AP of their own BSS, rather than an OBSS AP. Therefore, the NAV in the frames sent by the proxy AP can be set as an intra NAV (e.g., intra-BSS NAV) by the STAs in the coordinated set, instead of a basic NAV. As a result, AP1 can set the NAV until the entire TXOP is completed, and AP2 can also correctly trigger the upstream transmissions of STA2-2 and STA2-3.
[0099] FIG. 12 illustrates an example process 1200 for uplink and downlink coordinated transmissions, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example coordinated transmission, the sharing AP 1202 is a proxy AP for the shared AP 1204.
[0100] For downlink transmissions, the sharing AP 1202 can include the user information fields of the shared AP 1204 in the trigger frame 1206 to indicate the coordinated transmission 1210 by the shared AP 1204. For example, in downlink C-OFDMA, the trigger frame 1206 can include the subcarriers allocated for the shared AP 1204's transmission. The trigger frame 1206 can also contain the user information fields of STA1 and STA2 to indicate the transmission properties (e.g., format and / or parameters) of their respective response frames 1208a and 1208b (e.g., Block Acknowledgment (BA) frames) to avoid collisions. For instance, the trigger frame 1206 can indicate that the response frames 1208a and 1208b are sent using a Trigger-Based (TB) format and assign different subcarriers.
[0101] For uplink transmissions, the sharing AP 1202 can include the user information fields of STA1 and STA2 in the trigger frame 1212 to indicate the coordinated uplink frame 1214. For example, in uplink C-SR, the trigger frame can include the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and transmit power for proper SR transmission. The trigger frame 1212 can also include the transmission properties (e.g., format and / or parameters) for the shared AP 1204’s reply frame 1216b to avoid collisions with the response frame 1216a from the sharing AP 1202. For instance, the trigger frame 1212 can indicate that the reply frame 1216b is sent using the TB format and assign different subcarriers. In some implementations, information used by the shared AP 1204 to reply using the replay frame 1216b is acquired from the coordinated uplink frame 1214 sent by the STAs. For example, the coordinated uplink frame 1214 can include transmission properties (e.g., format and / or parameters) for the shared AP 1204’s reply frame 1216b, to avoid collisions with the response frame 1216a from the sharing AP 1202.
[0102] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 1300 for coordinated transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the process 1300 can be performed by an AP functioning as a proxy AP.
[0103] At step 1310, a first AP forms or joins a coordinated set including a second AP, wherein the first AP is associated with a first basic service set (BSS) and the second AP is associated with a second BSS.
[0104] For example, forming or joining the coordinated set can include receiving, from the second AP, a management frame. The management frame can include information indicating a capability of the second AP to support coordinated or joint transmissions. Forming or joining the coordinated set can similarly include sending a management frame to the second AP.
[0105] In some implementations, the information indicating the capability at step 1310 is included in an Ultra High Reliability (UHR) field of the management frame.
[0106] In some implementations, the management frame indicates a coordinated or joint transmission mode supported by the second AP or indicates an identifier of a station in a BSS of the second AP or a MAC address of the station in the BSS of the second AP.
[0107] At step 1320, the first AP transmits, to a station (STA) in the second BSS, a first frame including information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are included in the coordinated set.
[0108] In some implementations, the first frame includes STA user information and AP user information. For example, the STA user information and the AP user information can be included in an Association ID (AID) field of a user information field of the first frame. In some implementations, the AP user information includes an AP identifier that identifies an AP within the coordinated set. In some implementations, the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within the second BSS or within all BSSs of all APs in the coordinated set. The first frame can include an address of the second AP.
[0109] In some implementations, the first frame is a trigger frame. The trigger frame can include user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS, where the second BSS is an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) .
[0110] The method can further include transmitting, to the STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS, a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) frame and a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame. The NDPA frame or NDP frame can be transmitted prior to step 1310. In response, the first AP can receive a first channel status information from the STA in the first BSS and a second channel status information from the STA in the second BSS.
[0111] In some implementations, the first frame causes the station to set an intra-BSS network allocation vector (NAV) .
[0112] In some implementations, the first frame is a trigger frame for a downlink transmission. The information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set can include a user information associated with the second AP. For example, the trigger frame can indicate a transmission format or parameter of response frames to the downlink transmission from a STA in the first or second BSS.
[0113] In some implementations, the first frame is a trigger frame for an uplink transmission, The information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set can include a first user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and a second user information associated with the STA in the second BSS. In some implementations, the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame to the uplink transmission. For example, the trigger frame can include the transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP.
[0114] The method can further include receiving the uplink transmission at the first AP, where the uplink transmission indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.
[0115] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 1400 for coordinated transmission, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the process 1400 can be performed by a STA.
[0116] At step 1410, the STA receives a first frame including information indicating that a first AP and a second AP are included in a coordinated set, wherein the STA is in a second basic service set (BSS) associated with the second AP, and wherein the first AP is associated with a first BSS.
[0117] In some implementations, the first frame includes STA user information and AP user information. For example, the STA user information and the AP user information can be included in an Association ID (AID) field of a user information field of the first frame. In some implementations, the AP user information includes an AP identifier that identifies an AP within the coordinated set. In some implementations, the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within the second BSS or within all BSSs of all APs in the coordinated set. The first frame can include an address of the second AP.
[0118] In some implementations, the first frame is a trigger frame. The trigger frame can include user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS, where the second BSS is an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) .
[0119] The method can further include receiving, a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) frame and a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame. The NDPA frame or NDP frame can be received prior to step 1310. In response, the STA can transmit channel status information.
[0120] In some implementations, the first frame causes the STA to set an intra-BSS network allocation vector (NAV) .
[0121] In some implementations, the first frame is a trigger frame for a downlink transmission. The information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set can include a user information associated with the second AP. For example, the trigger frame can indicate a transmission format or parameter of response frames to the downlink transmission from a STA in the first or second BSS.
[0122] In some implementations, the first frame is a trigger frame for an uplink transmission, The information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set can include a first user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and a second user information associated with the STA in the second BSS. In some implementations, the trigger frame indicates a transmission property (e.g., format or parameter) of a response frame to the uplink transmission. For example, the trigger frame can include the transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP.
[0123] The method can further include transmitting the uplink transmission to the first AP or the second AP. The uplink transmission can indicate a transmission format or parameter of a response frame of either AP to the uplink transmission. For example, the uplink transmission can inform the first AP of the transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP, or vice versa.
[0124] At step 1420, the STA performs a subsequent transmission based on the first frame.
[0125] FIG. 15 is a block diagram representation of a portion of an apparatus based on embodiments of the disclosed technology. An apparatus 1505, such as an AP or a STA, can include processor electronics 1510 such as a microprocessor that implements one or more of the techniques presented in this document. The apparatus 1505 can include transceiver electronics 1515 to send and / or receive wireless signals over one or more communication interfaces such as antenna (s) 1520. The apparatus 1505 can include other communication interfaces for transmitting and receiving data. Apparatus 1505 can include one or more memories (not explicitly shown) configured to store information such as data and / or instructions. In some implementations, the processor electronics 1510 can include at least a portion of the transceiver electronics 1515. In some embodiments, at least some of the disclosed techniques, modules or functions are implemented using the apparatus 1505.
[0126] The transceiver electronics 1515 can include the hardware, software, firmware, or other components of the apparatus 1505 and is responsible for sending and receiving wireless signals. The transceiver electronics 1515 can include one or more communication modules operating in different frequency bands, such as 2.4GHz, 5GHz, or 6GHz. At any given time, the transceiver electronics 1515 can operate a single communication module or multiple communication modules simultaneously. The transceiver electronics 1515 can include multiple communication modules can be integrated into a single chip. Additionally, the transceiver electronics 1515 can include an RF module for processing RF signals. The transceiver electronics 1515 can include an 802.3 Ethernet interface, enabling the apparatus 1505 to communicate with traditional Ethernet-based computer networks.
[0127] The processor electronics 1510 are responsible for executing various commands or programs and processing the data sent or received. Additionally, the processor electronics 1510 control the data transmission and reception of various modules, such as communication modules of transceiver electronics 1515. The processor electronics 1510 can be include modulator / demodulator (modem) used to modulate the wireless signals to be transmitted and demodulate the wireless signals received from the transceiver electronics 1515. The processor electronics 1510 can be include a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP) , application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , or any combination thereof to implement or realize the functionalities described in this document.
[0128] The apparatus 1505 can include memory (not shown) that stores control programs and various data used in the apparatus 1505. The memory can be implemented as RAM (Random Access Memory) , flash memory, ROM (Read-Only Memory) , EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) , registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other known form of storage media in the field. The memory can be coupled to the processor electronics 1510, allowing the processor electronics 1510 to read information from and write information to the memory.
[0129] In some implementations, the memory may include separate caches to store temporary variables or other intermediate information during the execution of instructions by the processor. The memory may also include non-volatile memory to store instructions to be executed by the processor. Upon powering on the device, one or more programs stored on the hard disk or read-only memory are transferred to random access memory and stored in variable and parameter registers required for the present technology.
[0130] Solutions
[0131] Some embodiments may preferably incorporate the following solution clauses as described herein.
[0132] For example, the clauses listed below may be used by an AP for implementing coordinated transmissions.
[0133] Solution 1. A method (e.g., method 1300 of FIG. 13) performed by a first access point (AP) , the method comprising: forming or joining a coordinated set including a second AP, wherein the first AP is associated with a first basic service set (BSS) and the second AP is associated with a second BSS (e.g., 1310) ; and transmitting, to a station (STA) in the second BSS, a first frame including information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are included in the coordinated set (e.g., 1320) .
[0134] Solution 2. The method of solution 1, wherein forming or joining the coordinated set includes: receiving, from the second AP, a management frame, wherein the management frame includes information indicating a capability of the second AP to support coordinated or joint transmissions.
[0135] Solution 3. The method of solution 2, wherein the information indicating the capability is included in an Ultra High Reliability (UHR) field of the management frame.
[0136] Solution 4. The method of solution 2 or 3, wherein the management frame indicates a coordinated or joint transmission mode supported by the second AP.
[0137] Solution 5. The method of any of solutions 2 to 4, wherein the management frame indicates an identifier of a station in a BSS of the second AP or a MAC address of the station in the BSS of the second AP.
[0138] Solution 6. The method of any of the preceding solutions, wherein the first frame includes STA user information and AP user information.
[0139] Solution 7. The method of solution 6, wherein the STA user information and the AP user information are included in an Association ID (AID) field of a user information field of the first frame.
[0140] Solution 8. The method of solution 6 or 7, wherein the AP user information includes an AP identifier that identifies an AP within the coordinated set.
[0141] Solution 9. The method of any of solutions 6-8, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within the second BSS.
[0142] Solution 10. The method of solution 9, wherein the first frame further includes an address of the second AP.
[0143] Solution 11. The method of any of solutions 6 to 10, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within all BSSs of all APs in the coordinated set.
[0144] Solution 12. The method of any of the preceding solutions, wherein the second BSS is an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) , and wherein the first frame is a trigger frame that includes user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising: prior to transmitting the trigger frame, transmitting, to the STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS, a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) frame and a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame; receiving, from the STA in the first BSS, a first channel status information; and receiving, from the STA in the second BSS, a second channel status information.
[0145] Solution 13. The method of any of the preceding solutions, wherein the first frame causes the STA in the second BSS to set an intra-BSS network allocation vector (NAV) .
[0146] Solution 14. The method of any of the preceding solutions, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for a downlink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a user information associated with the second AP, the method further comprising: performing, in coordination with the second AP, the downlink transmission.
[0147] Solution 15. The method of solution 14, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of response frames to the downlink transmission, the response frames including a first response frame by a STA in the first BSS and a second response frame by the STA in the second BSS.
[0148] Solution 16. The method of any of solutions 1 to 13, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for an uplink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a first user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and a second user information associated with the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising: receiving, from the STA in the second BSS, the uplink transmission.
[0149] Solution 17. The method of solution 16, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.
[0150] Solution 18. The method of solution 16 or 17, further comprising: transmitting, by the first AP, a first response frame to the uplink transmission, wherein the uplink transmission indicates a transmission format or parameter of a second response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.
[0151] For example, the solutions listed below may be used by a STA for implementing coordinated transmissions.
[0152] Solution 19. A method (e.g., method 1400 of FIG. 14) performed by a station (STA) , the method comprising: receiving, by the STA, a first frame including information indicating that a first access point (AP) and a second AP are included in a coordinated set, wherein the STA is in a second basic service set (BSS) associated with the second AP (e.g., 1410) , and wherein the first AP is associated with a first BSS; and performing a subsequent transmission based on the first frame (e.g., 1420) .
[0153] Solution 20. The method of solution 19, wherein the first frame includes STA user information and AP user information.
[0154] Solution 21. The method of solution 20, wherein the STA user information and the AP user information are included in an Association ID (AID) field of a user information field of the first frame.
[0155] Solution 22. The method of solution 20 or 21, wherein the AP user information includes an AP identifier that identifies an AP within the coordinated set.
[0156] Solution 23. The method of any of solutions 20 to 22, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within the second BSS.
[0157] Solution 24. The method of solution 23, wherein the first frame further includes an address of the second AP.
[0158] Solution 25. The method of any of solutions 20 to 24, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within all BSSs of all APs in the coordinated set.
[0159] Solution 26. The method of any of solutions 19 to 25, wherein the second BSS is an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) , and wherein the first frame is a trigger frame that includes user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising: prior to receiving the trigger frame, receiving, by the STA, a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) frame and a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame; and transmitting, by the STA, a channel status information.
[0160] Solution 27. The method of any of solutions 19 to 26, further comprising: setting, based on the first frame, an intra-BSS network allocation vector (NAV) .
[0161] Solution 28. The method of any of solutions 19 to 27, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for a downlink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a user information associated with the second AP, the method further comprising: receiving, from the first AP, the downlink transmission, wherein the downlink transmission is performed in coordination with the second AP.
[0162] Solution 29. The method of solution 28, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of response frames to the downlink transmission, the response frames including a first response frame by a STA in the first BSS and a second response frame by the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising: transmitting, by the STA, the second response frame.
[0163] Solution 30. The method of any of solutions 19 to 27, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for an uplink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a first user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and a second user information associated with the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising: transmitting, by the STA to the first AP or to the second AP, the uplink transmission.
[0164] Solution 31. The method of solution 30, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.
[0165] Solution 32. The method of solution 30 or 31, wherein the uplink transmission indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.
[0166] For example, the solutions listed below may be used by an apparatus (e.g., apparatus 1505 of FIG. 15) or by a computer-readable medium for implementing coordinated transmissions, as described herein.
[0167] Solution 33. An access point (AP) comprising a processor and a memory storing instructions, execution of which by the processor causes the AP to perform the method recited in any of solutions 1 to 18.
[0168] Solution 34. A station (STA) comprising a processor and a memory storing instructions, execution of which by the processor causes the STA to perform the method recited in any of solutions 19 to 32.
[0169] Solution 35. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, execution of which by a processor of a computing system causes the computing system to perform the method recited in any of solutions 1 to 32.
[0170] Some of the embodiments described herein are described in the general context of methods or processes, which may be implemented in one embodiment by a computer program product, embodied in a computer-readable medium, including computer-executable instructions, such as program code, executed by computers in networked environments. A computer-readable medium may include removable and non-removable storage devices including, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM) , Random Access Memory (RAM) , compact discs (CDs) , digital versatile discs (DVD) , etc. Therefore, the computer-readable media can include a non-transitory storage media. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer-or processor-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps or processes.
[0171] Some of the disclosed embodiments can be implemented as devices or modules using hardware circuits, software, or combinations thereof. For example, a hardware circuit implementation can include discrete analog and / or digital components that are, for example, integrated as part of a printed circuit board. Alternatively, or additionally, the disclosed components or modules can be implemented as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and / or as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. Some implementations may additionally or alternatively include a digital signal processor (DSP) that is a specialized microprocessor with an architecture optimized for the operational needs of digital signal processing associated with the disclosed functionalities of this application. Similarly, the various components or sub-components within each module may be implemented in software, hardware or firmware. The connectivity between the modules and / or components within the modules may be provided using any one of the connectivity methods and media that is known in the art, including, but not limited to, communications over the Internet, wired, or wireless networks using the appropriate protocols.
[0172] While this document contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of an invention that is claimed or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in this document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination. Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results.
[0173] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise, ” “comprising, ” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, i.e., in the sense of “including, but not limited to. ” As used herein, the terms "connected, " "coupled, " or any variant thereof means any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling or connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the words “herein, ” “above, ” "below, " and words of similar import, when used in this application, refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word "or" in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any one of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list. Likewise the term “and / or” in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any one of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.
[0174] Only a few implementations and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this disclosure.
Claims
1.A method performed by a first access point (AP) , the method comprising:forming or joining a coordinated set including a second AP,wherein the first AP is associated with a first basic service set (BSS) and the second AP is associated with a second BSS; andtransmitting, to a station (STA) in the second BSS, a first frame including information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are included in the coordinated set.2.The method of claim 1, wherein forming or joining the coordinated set includes:receiving, from the second AP, a management frame, wherein the management frame includes information indicating a capability of the second AP to support coordinated or joint transmissions.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the information indicating the capability is included in an Ultra High Reliability (UHR) field of the management frame.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the management frame indicates a coordinated or joint transmission mode supported by the second AP.5.The method of claim 2, wherein the management frame indicates an identifier of a STA in a BSS of the second AP or a MAC address of the STA in the BSS of the second AP.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame includes STA user information and AP user information.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the STA user information and the AP user information are included in an Association ID (AID) field of a user information field of the first frame.8.The method of claim 6, wherein the AP user information includes an AP identifier that identifies an AP within the coordinated set.9.The method of claim 6, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within the second BSS.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the first frame further includes an address of the second AP.11.The method of claim 6, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within all BSSs of all APs in the coordinated set.12.The method of claim 1, wherein the second BSS is an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) , and wherein the first frame is a trigger frame that includes user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS,the method further comprising:prior to transmitting the trigger frame, transmitting, to the STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS, a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) frame and a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame;receiving, from the STA in the first BSS, a first channel status information; andreceiving, from the STA in the second BSS, a second channel status information.13.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame causes the STA in the second BSS to set an intra-BSS network allocation vector (NAV) .14.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for a downlink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a user information associated with the second AP, the method further comprising:performing, in coordination with the second AP, the downlink transmission.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of response frames to the downlink transmission, the response frames including a first response frame by a STA in the first BSS and a second response frame by the STA in the second BSS.16.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for an uplink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a first user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and a second user information associated with the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising:receiving, from the STA in the second BSS, the uplink transmission.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.18.The method of claim 16, further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP, a first response frame to the uplink transmission,wherein the uplink transmission indicates a transmission format or parameter of a second response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.19.A method performed by a station (STA) , the method comprising:receiving a first frame including information indicating that a first access point (AP) and a second AP are included in a coordinated set,wherein the STA is in a second basic service set (BSS) associated with the second AP, and wherein the first AP is associated with a first BSS; andperforming a subsequent transmission based on the first frame.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the first frame includes STA user information and AP user information.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the STA user information and the AP user information are included in an Association ID (AID) field of a user information field of the first frame.22.The method of claim 20, wherein the AP user information includes an AP identifier that identifies an AP within the coordinated set.23.The method of claim 20, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within the second BSS.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the first frame further includes an address of the second AP.25.The method of claim 20, wherein the STA user information includes a STA identifier that uniquely identifies the STA within all BSSs of all APs in the coordinated set.26.The method of claim 19, wherein the second BSS is an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) , and wherein the first frame is a trigger frame that includes user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and the STA in the second BSS,the method further comprising:prior to receiving the trigger frame, receiving, by the STA, a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA) frame and a Null Data Packet (NDP) frame; andtransmitting, by the STA, a channel status information.27.The method of claim 19, further comprising:setting, based on the first frame, an intra-BSS network allocation vector (NAV) .28.The method of claim 19, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for a downlink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a user information associated with the second AP, the method further comprising:receiving, from the first AP, the downlink transmission, wherein the downlink transmission is performed in coordination with the second AP.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of response frames to the downlink transmission, the response frames including a first response frame by a STA in the first BSS and a second response frame by the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the STA, the second response frame.30.The method of claim 19, wherein the first frame is a trigger frame for an uplink transmission, and wherein the information indicating that the first AP and the second AP are in the coordinated set includes a first user information associated with a STA in the first BSS and a second user information associated with the STA in the second BSS, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the STA to the first AP or to the second AP, the uplink transmission.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the trigger frame indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.32.The method of claim 30, wherein the uplink transmission indicates a transmission format or parameter of a response frame by the second AP to the uplink transmission.33.An access point (AP) comprising a processor and a memory storing instructions, execution of which by the processor causes the AP to perform the method recited in any of claims 1 to 18.34.A station (STA) comprising a processor and a memory storing instructions, execution of which by the processor causes the STA to perform the method recited in any of claims 19 to 32.35.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, execution of which by a processor of a computing system causes the computing system to perform the method recited in any of claims 1 to 32.
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