Enhancements of measurement gaps handling for xr
By allowing uplink transmissions during measurement gaps based on buffer-delay conditions and network indications, the solution addresses inefficiencies in 5G NR networks, ensuring seamless mobility and enhanced performance for XR applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/073351
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing uplink transmissions during measurement gaps, which can lead to inefficiencies and disruptions in mobility handovers, particularly in 5G NR networks, due to the requirement for UEs to suspend uplink transmissions during these gaps, impacting performance in applications like extended reality (XR) that demand low latency and high data throughput.
The solution involves the UE determining conditions related to buffer-delay of logical channels or groups to permit uplink transmissions during measurement gaps, using explicit network indications and prioritization, and optimizing transmission occasions to minimize disruption.
This approach enhances the efficiency of uplink transmissions during measurement gaps, ensuring smoother handovers and improved performance in XR applications by reducing latency and maintaining data throughput.
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Figure CN2024073351_24072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ENHANCEMENTS OF MEASUREMENT GAPS HANDLING FOR XRFIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the invention relate to wireless communications, including apparatuses, systems, and methods for handling of upload (UL) transmission by a user equipment (UE) during measurement gaps.DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
[0002] Wireless communication systems are rapidly growing in usage. In recent years, wireless devices such as smart phones and tablet computers have become increasingly sophisticated. In addition to supporting telephone calls, many mobile devices now provide access to the internet, email, text messaging, and navigation using the global positioning system (GPS) and are capable of operating sophisticated applications that utilize these functionalities.
[0003] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been the technology of choice for the majority of wireless network operators worldwide, providing mobile broadband data and high-speed Internet access to their subscriber base. LTE was first proposed in 2004 and was first standardized in 2008. Since then, as usage of wireless communication systems has expanded exponentially, demand has risen for wireless network operators to support a higher capacity for a higher density of mobile broadband users. In 2015, a study of a new radio access technology began and, in 2017, a first release of Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) was standardized.
[0004] 5G-NR, also simply referred to as NR, provides, as compared to LTE, a higher capacity for a higher density of mobile broadband users, while also supporting device-to-device, ultra-reliable, and massive machine type communications with lower latency and / or lower battery consumption. Further, NR may allow for more flexible UE scheduling as compared to current LTE. Consequently, efforts are being made in ongoing developments of 5G-NR to take advantage of higher throughputs possible at higher frequencies.
[0005] Wireless communication systems provide mobility by enabling user equipment (UEs) to move between cells via a process referred to as handover. Handover occurs when a mobile UE switches from one cell to another neighboring cell. Mechanisms have been established to help ensure a smooth transition between cells. NR supports different types of handover that were not supported in the previous 4G LTE specification. The basic handover in NR has been based on LTE handover mechanisms in which the network controls UE mobility based on UE measurement reporting. This measurement reporting typically involves Layer 3 (L3) measurements of neighbor cells and reporting from the UE to the eNB.
[0006] In 5G NR, measurement gaps (MGs) may be used for intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-Radio Access Technology (inter-RAT) UE measurements of neighboring cells. For UE mobility between base stations (BSs) , measurement gaps are configured so that the UE can monitor the quality of the data link between the UE and the neighboring cells and report measurements to a network (NW) for handover to another BS in one of the neighboring cells. Measurement gap lengths of 1.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5.5, and 6 milliseconds (ms) with measurement gap repetition periodicities of 20, 40, 80, and 160 ms are defined in NR. During the measurement gaps, the measurements can be performed by the UE on Synchronization Signal Block (SSBs) of the BSs in the neighbor cells. The NW can provide the timing of neighbor cell SSBs using the Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) from the SSBs. According to standards, a UE should not perform uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) reception (except for Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in some cases) during activated measurement gaps.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] A better understanding of the present subject matter can be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0008] FIG. 1A illustrates an example wireless communication system according to some embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a base station and an access point in communication with a user equipment (UE) device, according to some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of a base station, according to some embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a server according to some embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates an example block diagram of a UE according to some embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram of cellular communication circuitry, according to some embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a baseband processor architecture for a UE, according to some embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example block diagram of an interface of baseband circuitry according to some embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a UE communicating with a network through a basestation in accordance with some embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates an example flow chart of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on buffer-delay in accordance with some embodiments.
[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on unused transmission occasion –uplink control information (UTO-UCI) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding in accordance with some embodiments.
[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on measurement gap priority in accordance with some embodiments.
[0021] FIG. 13 is an illustration of an example diagram of dynamic activation / deactivation of special measurement gap handling based on explicit indications from the network in accordance with some embodiments.
[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on an explicit indication from the network in accordance with some embodiments.
[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on restriction of measurement gap occupancy in accordance with some embodiments.
[0024] While the features described herein may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to be limiting to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the subject matter as defined by the appended claims.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Terms
[0026] The following is a glossary of terms used in this disclosure:
[0027] Memory Medium –Any of various types of non-transitory memory devices or storage devices. The term “memory medium” is intended to include an installation medium, e.g., a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; a computer system memory or random-access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; a non-volatile memory such as a Flash, magnetic media, e.g., a hard drive, or optical storage; registers, or other similar types of memory elements, etc. The memory medium may include other types of non- transitory memory as well or combinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in a first computer system in which the programs are executed, or may be located in a second different computer system which connects to the first computer system over a network, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, the second computer system may provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term “memory medium” may include two or more memory mediums which may reside in different locations, e.g., in different computer systems that are connected over a network. The memory medium may store program instructions (e.g., embodied as computer programs) that may be executed by one or more processors.
[0028] Carrier Medium –a memory medium as described above, as well as a physical transmission medium, such as a bus, network, and / or other physical transmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.
[0029] Programmable Hardware Element includes various hardware devices comprising multiple programmable function blocks connected via a programmable interconnect. Examples include FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) , PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) , FPOAs (Field Programmable Object Arrays) , and CPLDs (Complex PLDs) . The programmable function blocks may range from fine grained (combinatorial logic or look up tables) to coarse grained (arithmetic logic units or processor cores) . A programmable hardware element may also be referred to as "reconfigurable logic” .
[0030] Computer System (or Computer) –any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC) , mainframe computer system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digital assistant (PDA) , television system, grid computing system, or other device or combinations of devices. In general, the term "computer system" can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium.
[0031] User Equipment (UE) (or “UE Device” ) –any of various types of computer systems devices which are mobile or portable and which performs wireless communications. Examples of UE devices include mobile telephones or smart phones (e.g., iPhoneTM, AndroidTM-based phones) , portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DSTM, PlayStation PortableTM, Gameboy AdvanceTM, iPhoneTM) , laptops, wearable devices (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses) , PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, other handheld devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) , UAV controllers (UACs) , extended reality (XR) devices including head mounted displays (HMD) , and so forth. In general, the term “UE” or “UE device” can be broadly defined to encompass any electronic, computing, and / or telecommunications device (or combination of devices) which is easily transported by a user and capable of wireless communication.
[0032] Base Station –The term "Base Station" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a wireless communication station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.
[0033] Processing Element (or Processor) –refers to various elements or combinations of elements that are capable of performing a function in a device, such as a user equipment or a cellular network device. Processing elements may include, for example: processors and associated memory, portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, processor arrays, circuits such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , programmable hardware elements such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , as well any of various combinations of the above.
[0034] Channel -a medium used to convey information from a sender (transmitter) to a receiver. It should be noted that since characteristics of the term “channel” may differ according to different wireless protocols, the term “channel” as used herein may be considered as being used in a manner that is consistent with the standard of the type of device with reference to which the term is used. In some standards, channel widths may be variable (e.g., depending on device capability, band conditions, etc. ) . For example, LTE may support scalable channel bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20MHz. 5G NR can support scalable channel bandwidths from 5 MHz to 100 MHz in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and up to 400 MHz in FR2. In other radio access technologies, WLAN channels may be 22 MHz wide while Bluetooth channels may be 1 MHz wide. Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels. Furthermore, some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, e.g., different channels for uplink or downlink and / or different channels for different uses such as data, control information, etc.
[0035] Band -The term "band" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a section of spectrum (e.g., radio frequency spectrum) in which channels are used or set aside for the same purpose.
[0036] Automatically –refers to an action or operation performed by a computer system (e.g., software executed by the computer system) or device (e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc. ) , without user input directly specifying or performing the action or operation. Thus, the term "automatically" is in contrast to an operation being manually performed or specified by the user, where the user provides input to directly perform the operation. An automatic procedure may be initiated by input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that are performed “automatically” are not specified by the user, i.e., are not performed “manually” , where the user specifies each action to perform. For example, a user filling out an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specifying information (e.g., by typing information, selecting check boxes, radio selections, etc. ) is filling out the form manually, even though the computer system will update the form in response to the user actions. The form may be automatically filled out by the computer system where the computer system (e.g., software executing on the computer system) analyzes the fields of the form and fills in the form without any user input specifying the answers to the fields. As indicated above, the user may invoke the automatic filling of the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of the form (e.g., the user is not manually specifying answers to fields but rather they are being automatically completed) . The present specification provides various examples of operations being automatically performed in response to actions the user has taken.
[0037] Approximately -refers to a value that is almost correct or exact. For example, approximately may refer to a value that is within 1 to 10 percent of the exact (or desired) value. It should be noted, however, that the actual threshold value (or tolerance) may be application dependent. For example, in some embodiments, “approximately” may mean within 0.1%of some specified or desired value, while in various other embodiments, the threshold may be, for example, 2%, 3%, 5%, and so forth, as desired or as set by the particular application.
[0038] Concurrent –refers to parallel execution or performance, where tasks, processes, or programs are performed in an at least partially overlapping manner. For example, concurrency may be implemented using “strong” or strict parallelism, where tasks are performed (at least partially) in parallel on respective computational elements, or using “weak parallelism” , where the tasks are performed in an interleaved manner, e.g., by time multiplexing of execution threads.
[0039] Extended Reality (XR) –refers to real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by computer technology and wearables. XR can refer to multiple different types of realities, including: virtual reality (VR) , which can give a user the feeling of being physically and spatially in the environment; augmented reality (AR) , which can provide a user with additional content overlaid upon their environment; and mixed reality (MR) , which can be an advanced form of AR where some virtual elements are inserted and can be interacted with. The XR content can be generated by XR engines, which typically include a rendering engine for graphics, an audio engine for sound, and a physics engine for emulating the laws of physics.
[0040] Various components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad recitation generally meaning “having structure that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently performing that task (e.g., a set of electrical conductors may be configured to electrically connect a module to another module, even when the two modules are not connected) . In some contexts, “configured to” may be a broad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits.
[0041] Various components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to. ” Reciting a component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) interpretation for that component.
[0042] The example embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The example embodiments relate to the performance of of upload (UL) transmissions and download (DL) reception by a user equipment (UE) during measurement gaps (MGs) . Such UL / DL transmission / reception by the UE can be utilized with XR applications.
[0043] The example embodiments are described with regard to communication between a network and a user equipment (UE) . However, reference to a network or a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to support UL / DL transmitting / receiving during MGs. Therefore, the network or UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate type of electronic component.
[0044] The example embodiments are also described with regard to a fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network that may configure a UE to transmit / receive during MGs. However, reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any appropriate type of network.
[0045] Throughout this description various information elements (IEs) are referred to by specific names. It should be understood that these names are only examples and the IEs carrying the information referred to throughout this description may be referred to by other names by various entities.
[0046] Figures 1A and 1B: Communication Systems
[0047] FIG. 1A illustrates a simplified example wireless communication system, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the system of FIG. 1A is merely one example of a possible system, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various systems, as desired.
[0048] As shown, the example wireless communication system includes a base station 102A which communicates over a transmission medium with one or more user devices 106A, 106B, etc., through 106N. Each of the user devices may be referred to herein as a “user equipment” (UE) . Thus, the user devices 106 are referred to as UEs or UE devices.
[0049] The base station (BS) 102A may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site (a “cellular base station” ) and may include hardware that enables wireless communication with the UEs 106A through 106N.
[0050] The communication area (or coverage area) of the base station may be referred to as a “cell. ” The base station 102A and the UEs 106 may be configured to communicate over the transmission medium using any of various radio access technologies (RATs) , also referred to as wireless communication technologies, or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , 5G new radio (5G NR) , HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , etc. Note that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of LTE, also referred to as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN, it may alternately be referred to as an 'eNodeB' or ‘eNB’ . Note that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of 5G NR, it may alternately be referred to as ‘gNodeB’ or ‘gNB’ .
[0051] As shown, the base station 102A may also be equipped to communicate with a network (NW) 100 (e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunication network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) , and / or the Internet, among various possibilities) . Thus, the base station 102A may facilitate communication between the user devices and / or between the user devices and the network 100. In particular, the cellular base station 102A may provide UEs 106 with various telecommunication capabilities, such as voice, SMS and / or data services. The network 100 and / or the base station 102A may encode for transmission a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs; an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time and / or frequency pattern for uplink (UL) transmission by the UE or downlink (DL) reception by the UE during the one or more MGs; and / or an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.
[0052] Base station 102A and other similar base stations (such as base stations 102B…102N) operating according to the same or a different cellular communication standard may thus be provided as a network of cells, which may provide continuous or nearly continuous overlapping service to UEs 106A-N and similar devices over a geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.
[0053] Thus, while base station 102A may act as a “serving cell” for UEs 106A-N as illustrated in FIG. 1A, each UE 106 may also be capable of receiving signals from (and possibly within communication range of) one or more other cells (which might be provided by base stations 102B-N and / or any other base stations) , which may be referred to as “neighboring cells” . Such cells may also be capable of facilitating communication between user devices and / or between user devices and the network 100. Such cells may include “macro” cells, “micro” cells, “pico” cells, and / or cells which provide any of various other granularities of service area size. For example, base stations 102A-B illustrated in FIG. 1A might be macro cells, while base station 102N might be a micro cell. Other configurations are also possible.
[0054] In some embodiments, base station 102A may be a next generation base station, e.g., a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or “gNB” . In some embodiments, a gNB may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to a NR core (NRC) network. In addition, a gNB cell may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs) . In addition, a UE capable of operating according to 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.
[0055] Note that a UE 106 may be capable of communicating using multiple wireless communication standards. For example, the UE 106 may be configured to communicate using a wireless networking (e.g., Wi-Fi) and / or peer-to-peer wireless communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi peer-to-peer, etc. ) in addition to at least one cellular communication protocol (e.g., GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR, HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , etc. ) . The UE 106 may also or alternatively be configured to communicate using one or more global navigational satellite systems (GNSS, e.g., GPS or GLONASS) , one or more mobile television broadcasting standards (e.g., ATSC-M / H or DVB-H) , and / or any other wireless communication protocol, if desired. Other combinations of wireless communication standards (including more than two wireless communication standards) are also possible.
[0056] FIG. 1B illustrates user equipment 106 (e.g., one of the devices 106A through 106N) in communication with a base station 102 and an access point 112, according to some embodiments. The UE 106 may be a device with both cellular communication capability and non-cellular communication capability (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and so forth) such as a mobile phone, a hand-held device, a computer or a tablet, or virtually any type of wireless device.
[0057] The UE 106 may include a processor that is configured to execute program instructions stored in memory. The UE 106 may perform any of the method embodiments described herein by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively, or in addition, the UE 106 may include a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) that is configured to perform any of the method embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the method embodiments described herein.
[0058] The UE 106 may include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols or technologies. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may be configured to communicate using, for example, CDMA2000 (1xRTT / 1xEV-DO / HRPD / eHRPD) , LTE / LTE-Advanced, or 5G NR using a single shared radio and / or GSM, LTE, LTE-Advanced, or 5G NR using the single shared radio. The shared radio may couple to a single antenna, or may couple to multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO) for performing wireless communications. In general, a radio may include any combination of a baseband processor, analog RF signal processing circuitry (e.g., including filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, etc. ) , or digital processing circuitry (e.g., for digital modulation as well as other digital processing) . Similarly, the radio may implement one or more receive and transmit chains using the aforementioned hardware. For example, the UE 106 may share one or more parts of a receive and / or transmit chain between multiple wireless communication technologies, such as those discussed above.
[0059] In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include separate transmit and / or receive chains (e.g., including separate antennas and other radio components) for each wireless communication protocol with which it is configured to communicate. As a further possibility, the UE 106 may include one or more radios which are shared between multiple wireless communication protocols, and one or more radios which are used exclusively by a single wireless communication protocol. For example, the UE 106 might include a shared radio for communicating using either of LTE or 5G NR (or LTE or 1xRTTor LTE or GSM) , and separate radios for communicating using each of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Other configurations are also possible.
[0060] FIG. 2: Block Diagram of a Base Station
[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of a base station 102, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the base station of FIG. 2 is merely one example of a possible base station. As shown, the base station 102 may include processor (s) 204 which may execute program instructions for the base station 102. The processor (s) 204 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 240, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 204 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 260 and read only memory (ROM) 250) or to other circuits or devices.
[0062] The base station 102 may include at least one network port 270. The network port 270 may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106, access to the telephone network as described above in Figures 1 and 2.
[0063] The network port 270 (or an additional network port) may also or alternatively be configured to couple to a cellular network, e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider. The core network may provide mobility related services and / or other services to a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106. In some cases, the network port 270 may couple to a telephone network via the core network, and / or the core network may provide a telephone network (e.g., among other UE devices serviced by the cellular service provider) .
[0064] In some embodiments, base station 102 may be a next generation base station, e.g., a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or “gNB” . In such embodiments, base station 102 may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to a NR core (NRC) network. In addition, base station 102 may be considered a 5G NR cell and may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs) . In addition, a UE capable of operating according to 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.
[0065] The base station 102 may include at least one antenna 234, and possibly multiple antennas. The at least one antenna 234 may be configured to operate as a wireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with UE devices 106 via radio 230. The antenna 234 communicates with the radio 230 via communication chain 232. Communication chain 232 may be a receive chain, a transmit chain or both. The radio 230 may be configured to communicate via various wireless communication standards, including, but not limited to, 5G NR, LTE, LTE-A, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, Wi-Fi, etc.
[0066] The base station 102 may be configured to communicate wirelessly using multiple wireless communication standards. In some instances, the base station 102 may include multiple radios, which may enable the base station 102 to communicate according to multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, as one possibility, the base station 102 may include an LTE radio for performing communication according to LTE as well as a 5G NR radio for performing communication according to 5G NR. In such a case, the base station 102 may be capable of operating as both an LTE base station and a 5G NR base station. As another possibility, the base station 102 may include a multi-mode radio which is capable of performing communications according to any of multiple wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc. ) .
[0067] As described further subsequently herein, the BS 102 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting implementation of features described herein. The processor 204 of the base station 102 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively, the processor 204 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , or a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 204 of the BS 102, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 230, 232, 234, 240, 250, 260, 270 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the features described herein.
[0068] In addition, as described herein, processor (s) 204 may be comprised of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in processor (s) 204. Thus, processor (s) 204 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 204. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 204.
[0069] Further, as described herein, radio 230 may be comprised of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in radio 230. Thus, radio 230 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of radio 230. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of radio 230.
[0070] In some embodiments, the base station or gNB 102, and / or processors 204 thereof, can be capable of and configured to encode for transmission a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs; an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time or frequency pattern for uplink (UL) transmission by the UE or downlink (DL) reception by the UE during the one or more MGs; and / or an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.
[0071] FIG. 3: Block Diagram of a Server
[0072] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a server 104, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the server of FIG. 3 is merely one example of a possible server. As shown, the server 104 may include processor (s) 344 which may execute program instructions for the server 104. The processor (s) 344 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 374, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 344 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 364 and read only memory (ROM) 354) or to other circuits or devices.
[0073] The server 104 may be configured to provide a plurality of devices, such as base station 102, and UE devices 106 access to network functions, e.g., as further described herein.
[0074] In some embodiments, the server 104 may be part of a radio access network, such as a 5G New Radio (5G NR) radio access network. In some embodiments, the server 104 may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to a NR core (NRC) network.
[0075] As described herein, the server 104 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting implementation of features described herein. The processor 344 of the server 104 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively, the processor 344 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , or a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 344 of the server 104, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 354, 364, and / or 374 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the features described herein.
[0076] In addition, as described herein, processor (s) 344 may be comprised of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in processor (s) 344. Thus, processor (s) 344 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 344. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 344.
[0077] FIG. 4: Block Diagram of a UE
[0078] FIG. 4 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of a communication device 106, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the block diagram of the communication device of FIG. 4 is only one example of a possible communication device. According to embodiments, communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device) , a tablet, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a UAV controller (UAC) extended reality (XR) devices including head mounted displays (HMD) and / or a combination of devices, among other devices. As shown, the communication device 106 may include a set of components 400 configured to perform core functions. For example, this set of components may be implemented as a system on chip (SOC) , which may include portions for various purposes. Alternatively, this set of components 400 may be implemented as separate components or groups of components for the various purposes. The set of components 400 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to various other circuits of the communication device 106.
[0079] For example, the communication device 106 may include various types of memory (e.g., including NAND flash 410) , an input / output interface such as connector I / F 420 (e.g., for connecting to a computer system; dock; charging station; input devices, such as a microphone, camera, keyboard; output devices, such as speakers; etc. ) , the display 460, which may be integrated with or external to the communication device 106, and cellular communication circuitry 430 such as for 5G NR, LTE, GSM, etc., and short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 (e.g., BluetoothTM and WLAN circuitry) . In some embodiments, communication device 106 may include wired communication circuitry (not shown) , such as a network interface card, e.g., for Ethernet.
[0080] The cellular communication circuitry 430 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antennas 435 and 436 as shown. The short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may also couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antennas 437 and 438 as shown. Alternatively, the short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to the antennas 435 and 436 in addition to, or instead of, coupling (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to the antennas 437 and 438. The short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 and / or cellular communication circuitry 430 may include multiple receive chains and / or multiple transmit chains for receiving and / or transmitting multiple spatial streams, such as in a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) configuration.
[0081] In some embodiments, as further described below, cellular communication circuitry 430 may include dedicated receive chains (including and / or coupled to, e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly. dedicated processors and / or radios) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) . In addition, in some embodiments, cellular communication circuitry 430 may include a single transmit chain that may be switched between radios dedicated to specific RATs. For example, a first radio may be dedicated to a first RAT, e.g., LTE, and may be in communication with a dedicated receive chain and a transmit chain shared with an additional radio, e.g., a second radio that may be dedicated to a second RAT, e.g., 5G NR, and may be in communication with a dedicated receive chain and the shared transmit chain.
[0082] The communication device 106 may also include and / or be configured for use with one or more user interface elements. The user interface elements may include any of various elements, such as display 460 (which may be a touchscreen display) , a keyboard (which may be a discrete keyboard or may be implemented as part of a touchscreen display) , a mouse, a microphone and / or speakers, one or more cameras, one or more buttons, and / or any of various other elements capable of providing information to a user and / or receiving or interpreting user input.
[0083] The communication device 106 may further include one or more smart cards 445 that include SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) functionality, such as one or more UICC (s) (Universal Integrated Circuit Card (s) ) cards 445. Note that the term “SIM” or “SIM entity” is intended to include any of various types of SIM implementations or SIM functionality, such as the one or more UICC (s) cards 445, one or more eUICCs, one or more eSIMs, either removable or embedded, etc. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include at least two SIMs. Each SIM may execute one or more SIM applications and / or otherwise implement SIM functionality. Thus, each SIM may be a single smart card that may be embedded, e.g., may be soldered onto a circuit board in the UE 106, or each SIM 410 may be implemented as a removable smart card. Thus, the SIM (s) may be one or more removable smart cards (such as UICC cards, which are sometimes referred to as “SIM cards” ) , and / or the SIMs 410 may be one or more embedded cards (such as embedded UICCs (eUICCs) , which are sometimes referred to as “eSIMs” or “eSIM cards” ) . In some embodiments (such as when the SIM (s) include an eUICC) , one or more of the SIM (s) may implement embedded SIM (eSIM) functionality; in such an embodiment, a single one of the SIM (s) may execute multiple SIM applications. Each of the SIMs may include components such as a processor and / or a memory; instructions for performing SIM / eSIM functionality may be stored in the memory and executed by the processor. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include a combination of removable smart cards and fixed / non-removable smart cards (such as one or more eUICC cards that implement eSIM functionality) , as desired. For example, the UE 106 may comprise two embedded SIMs, two removable SIMs, or a combination of one embedded SIMs and one removable SIMs. Various other SIM configurations are also contemplated.
[0084] As noted above, in some embodiments, the UE 106 may include two or more SIMs. The inclusion of two or more SIMs in the UE 106 may allow the UE 106 to support two different telephone numbers and may allow the UE 106 to communicate on corresponding two or more respective networks. For example, a first SIM may support a first RAT such as LTE, and a second SIM 410 support a second RAT such as 5G NR. Other implementations and RATs are of course possible. In some embodiments, when the UE 106 comprises two SIMs, the UE 106 may support Dual SIM Dual Active (DSDA) functionality. The DSDA functionality may allow the UE 106 to be simultaneously connected to two networks (and use two different RATs) at the same time, or to simultaneously maintain two connections supported by two different SIMs using the same or different RATs on the same or different networks. The DSDA functionality may also allow the UE 106 to simultaneously receive voice calls or data traffic on either phone number. In certain embodiments the voice call may be a packet switched communication. In other words, the voice call may be received using voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology and / or voice over NR (VoNR) technology. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may support Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) functionality. The DSDS functionality may allow either of the two SIMs in the UE 106 to be on standby waiting for a voice call and / or data connection. In DSDS, when a call / data is established on one SIM, the other SIM is no longer active. In some embodiments, DSDx functionality (either DSDA or DSDS functionality) may be implemented with a single SIM (e.g., a eUICC) that executes multiple SIM applications for different carriers and / or RATs.
[0085] As shown, the SOC 400 may include processor (s) 402, which may execute program instructions for the communication device 106 and display circuitry 404, which may perform graphics processing and provide display signals to the display 460. The processor (s) 402 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 440, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 402 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 406, read only memory (ROM) 450, NAND flash memory 410) and / or to other circuits or devices, such as the display circuitry 404, short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429, cellular communication circuitry 430, connector I / F 420, and / or display 460. The MMU 440 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In some embodiments, the MMU 440 may be included as a portion of the processor (s) 402.
[0086] As described herein, the communication device 106 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above features for a communication device 106 to communicate a scheduling profile for power savings to a network. The processor 402 of the communication device 106 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively (or in addition) , processor 402 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) . Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 402 of the communication device 106, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 400, 404, 406, 410, 420, 429, 430, 440, 445, 450, 460 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
[0087] In addition, as described herein, processor 402 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processor 402 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor 402. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 402.
[0088] Further, as described herein, cellular communication circuitry 430 and short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may each include one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in cellular communication circuitry 430 and, similarly, one or more processing elements may be included in short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429. Thus, cellular communication circuitry 430 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of cellular communication circuitry 430. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of cellular communication circuitry 430. Similarly, the short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may include one or more ICs that are configured to perform the functions of short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429.
[0089] In some embodiments, the UE106 and / or the processors 402 thereof can be configured to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. In addition, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to determine, at the UE 106, at least one condition related to: a buffer-delay of at least one logical channel (LCH) and / or logical channel group (LCG) ; an unused transmission occasion –uplink control information (UTO-UCI) ; and / or when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated. In addition, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to decode, at the UE 106, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs and / or an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time and / or frequency pattern for uplink (UL) transmission by the UE; downlink (DL) reception by the UE during the one or more MGs; and / or an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy. Furthermore, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to encode, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition; the measurement gap priority; the explicit indication and / or the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.
[0090] FIG. 5: Block Diagram of Cellular Communication Circuitry
[0091] FIG. 5 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of cellular communication circuitry, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the block diagram of the cellular communication circuitry of FIG. 5 is only one example of a possible cellular communication circuit. According to embodiments, cellular communication circuitry 530, which may be cellular communication circuitry 430, may be included in a communication device, such as communication device 106 described above. As noted above, communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device) , a tablet and / or a combination of devices, among other devices.
[0092] The cellular communication circuitry 530 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antennas 435a-b and 436 as shown (in FIG. 4) . In some embodiments, cellular communication circuitry 530 may include dedicated receive chains (including and / or coupled to, e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly. dedicated processors and / or radios) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) . For example, as shown in FIG. 5, cellular communication circuitry 530 may include a modem 510 and a modem 520. Modem 510 may be configured for communications according to a first RAT, e.g., such as LTE or LTE-A, and modem 520 may be configured for communications according to a second RAT, e.g., such as 5G NR.
[0093] As shown, modem 510 may include one or more processors 512 and a memory 516 in communication with processors 512. Modem 510 may be in communication with a radio frequency (RF) front end 535. RF front end 535 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals. For example, RF front end 535 may include receive circuitry (RX) 532 and transmit circuitry (TX) 534. In some embodiments, receive circuitry 532 may be in communication with downlink (DL) front end 550, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335a.
[0094] Similarly, modem 520 may include one or more processors 522 and a memory 526 in communication with processors 522. Modem 520 may be in communication with an RF front end 540. RF front end 540 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals. For example, RF front end 540 may include receive circuitry 542 and transmit circuitry 544. In some embodiments, receive circuitry 542 may be in communication with DL front end 560, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335b.
[0095] In some embodiments, a switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 534 to uplink (UL) front end 572. In addition, switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 544 to UL front end 572. UL front end 572 may include circuitry for transmitting radio signals via antenna 336. Thus, when cellular communication circuitry 530 receives instructions to transmit according to the first RAT (e.g., as supported via modem 510) , switch 570 may be switched to a first state that allows modem 510 to transmit signals according to the first RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain that includes transmit circuitry 534 and UL front end 572) . Similarly, when cellular communication circuitry 530 receives instructions to transmit according to the second RAT (e.g., as supported via modem 520) , switch 570 may be switched to a second state that allows modem 520 to transmit signals according to the second RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain that includes transmit circuitry 544 and UL front end 572) .
[0096] As described herein, the modem 510 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above features or for time division multiplexing UL data for NSA NR operations, as well as the various other techniques described herein. The processors 512 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively (or in addition) , processor 512 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) . Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 512, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 530, 532, 534, 535, 550, 570, 572, 335a, 335b, and 336 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
[0097] In addition, as described herein, processors 512 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processors 512 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processors 512. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processors 512.
[0098] The processors 522 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively (or in addition) , processor 522 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) . Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 522, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 540, 542, 544, 550, 570, 572, 335a, 335b, and 336 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
[0099] In addition, as described herein, processors 522 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processors 522 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processors 522. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processors 522.
[0100] FIG. 6: Block Diagram of a Baseband Processor Architecture for a UE
[0101] FIG. 6 illustrates example components of a device 600 in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that the device of FIG. 6 is merely one example of a possible system, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various UEs, as desired.
[0102] In some embodiments, the device 600 may include application circuitry 602, baseband circuitry 604, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 606, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 608, one or more antennas 610, and power management circuitry (PMC) 612 coupled together at least as shown. The components of the illustrated device 600 may be included in a UE 106 or a RAN node 102A. In some embodiments, the device 600 may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 602, and instead include a processor / controller to process IP data received from an EPC) . In some embodiments, the device 600 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory / storage, display, camera, sensor, or input / output (I / O) interface. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations) .
[0103] The application circuitry 602 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 602 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor (s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc. ) . The processors may be coupled with or may include memory / storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 600. In some embodiments, processors of application circuitry 602 may process IP data packets received from an EPC.
[0104] The baseband circuitry 604 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 604 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 606 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 606. Baseband processing circuity 604 may interface with the application circuitry 602 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 606. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 604A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 604B, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 604C, or other baseband processor (s) 604D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G) , sixth generation (6G) , etc. ) . The baseband circuitry 604 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 604A-D) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 606. In other embodiments, some or all of the functionality of baseband processors 604A-D may be included in modules stored in the memory 604G and executed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 604E. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation / demodulation, encoding / decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation / demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 604 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) , precoding, or constellation mapping / demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding / decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 604 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder / decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation / demodulation and encoder / decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.
[0105] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may include one or more audio digital signal processor (s) (DSP) 604F. The audio DSP (s) 604F may be include elements for compression / decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 604 and the application circuitry 602 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC) .
[0106] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 604 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.
[0107] RF circuitry 606 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 606 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 606 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 608 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 604. RF circuitry 606 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 604 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 608 for transmission.
[0108] In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 606 may include mixer circuitry 606a, amplifier circuitry 606b and filter circuitry 606c. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 606 may include filter circuitry 606c and mixer circuitry 606a. RF circuitry 606 may also include synthesizer circuitry 606d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 608 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 606d. The amplifier circuitry 606b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 606c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 604 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a necessity. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
[0109] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 606d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 608. The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 604 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 606c.
[0110] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection) . In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
[0111] In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 606 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 604 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 606.
[0112] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
[0113] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N / N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
[0114] The synthesizer circuitry 606d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 606a of the RF circuitry 606 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a fractional N / N+1 synthesizer.
[0115] In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) , although that is not a necessity. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 604 or the applications processor 602 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 602.
[0116] Synthesizer circuitry 606d of the RF circuitry 606 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL) , a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA) . In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.
[0117] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 606d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO) . In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 606 may include an IQ / polar converter.
[0118] FEM circuitry 608 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 610, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 606 for further processing. FEM circuitry 608 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 606 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 610. In various embodiments, the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be done solely in the RF circuitry 606, solely in the FEM 608, or in both the RF circuitry 606 and the FEM 608.
[0119] In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 608 may include a TX / RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 606) . The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 608 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 606) , and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 610) .
[0120] In some embodiments, the PMC 612 may manage power provided to the baseband circuitry 604. In particular, the PMC 612 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion. The PMC 612 may often be included when the device 600 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE. The PMC 612 may increase the power conversion efficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.
[0121] While FIG. 6 shows the PMC 612 coupled only with the baseband circuitry 604, in other embodiments the PMC 612 may be additionally or alternatively coupled with, and perform similar power management operations for, other components such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 602, RF circuitry 606, or FEM 608.
[0122] In some embodiments, the PMC 612 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the device 600. For example, if the device 600 is in a radio resource control_Connected (RRC_Connected) state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 600 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.
[0123] If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, then the device 600 may transition off to an RRC_Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The device 600 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 600 may not receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it will transition back to RRC_Connected state.
[0124] An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours) . During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
[0125] Processors of the application circuitry 602 and processors of the baseband circuitry 604 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, processors of the baseband circuitry 604, alone or in combination, may be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the application circuitry 604 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers) . As referred to herein, Layer 3 (L3) may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 2 (L2) may comprise a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 1 (L1) may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE / RAN node, described in further detail below. Accordingly, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to encode a message for transmission between a UE and a gNB, or decode a message received between a UE and a gNB.
[0126] For example, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. In addition, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to determine, at the UE 106, at least one condition related to: a buffer-delay of at least one logical channel (LCH) and / or logical channel group (LCG) ; an unused transmission occasion –uplink control information (UTO-UCI) ; and / or when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated. In addition, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to decode, at the UE 106, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs and / or an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time and / or frequency pattern for uplink (UL) transmission by the UE; downlink (DL) receiving by the UE during the one or more MGs; and / or an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy. Furthermore, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to encode, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition; the measurement gap priority; the explicit indication and / or the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.
[0127] FIG. 7: Block Diagram of an Interface of Baseband Circuitry
[0128] FIG. 7 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that the baseband circuitry of FIG. 7 is merely one example of a possible circuitry, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various systems, as desired.
[0129] As discussed above, the baseband circuitry 604 of FIG. 6 may comprise processors 604A-604E and a memory 604G utilized by said processors. Each of the processors 604A-604E may include a memory interface, 704A-704E, respectively, to send / receive data to / from the memory 604G.
[0130] The baseband circuitry 604 may further include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries / devices, such as a memory interface 712 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from memory external to the baseband circuitry 604) , an application circuitry interface 714 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from the application circuitry 602 of FIG. 6) , an RF circuitry interface 716 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from RF circuitry 606 of FIG. 6) , a wireless hardware connectivity interface 718 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, components (e.g., Low Energy) , components, and other communication components) , and a power management interface 720 (e.g., an interface to send / receive power or control signals to / from the PMC 612.
[0131] Measurement Gaps
[0132] In 5G NR, measurement gaps (MGs) may be used for intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-Radio Access Technology (inter-RAT) UE measurements of neighboring cells. For UE mobility between base stations (BSs) , measurement gaps are configured so that the UE can monitor the quality of the data link between the UE and the neighboring cells and report measurements to a network (NW) for handover to another BS in one of the neighboring cells. Measurement gap lengths of 1.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5.5, and 6 milliseconds (ms) with measurement gap repetition periodicities of 20, 40, 80, and 160 ms are defined in NR. During the measurement gaps, the measurements can be performed by the UE on Synchronization Signal Block (SSBs) of the BSs in the neighbor cells. The NW can provide the timing of neighbor cell SSBs using the Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) from the SSBs. According to standards, a UE should not perform uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) reception (except for Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in some cases) during activated measurement gaps.
[0133] According to the NR 3GPP standard (e.g. TS 38.321) , a UE should not perform uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) reception (except for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in some cases) during activated measurement gaps. Specifically, during an activated measurement gap, the medium access control (MAC) entity should, on the Serving Cell (s) in the corresponding frequency range of the measurement gap configured by the information element (IE) measGapConfig (as specified in TS 38.331) :
[0134] not perform the transmission of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback, scheduling request (SR) , and channel state information (CSI) ;
[0135] not report a sounding reference signal (SRS) ;
[0136] not transmit on UL-SCH except for Msg3 or the MsgA payload as specified in clause 5.4.2.2;
[0137] if the random access (ra) -ResponseWindow or the ra-ContentionResolutionTimer or the msgB-ResponseWindow is running:
[0138] monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) as specified in clauses 5.1.4 and 5.1.5;
[0139] else:
[0140] not monitor the PDCCH;
[0141] not receive on the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) .
[0142] Although the discussion herein is with respect to measurement gaps, the example embodiments can be applied to intervals, such as network controlled small gaps (NCSG) and SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configuration (SMTC window) . Thus, the term measurement gap as used herein includes NCSG and SMTC window.
[0143] FIG. 8: Measurement Gaps in Extended Reality (XR)
[0144] FIG. 8 is an illustration of an example diagram of a UE 106 communicating 800 with a network 100 through a basestation, such as a gNB 102. The UE 106 can be or can include an electronic device configured for cellular communications, including an XR headset. The UE 106 can transmit, and / or the processor 402 can encode for transmission, uplink (UL) data, indicated at 804. Similarly, the UE can receive, and / or the processor 402 can decode, downlink (DL) data, indicated at 808.
[0145] XR headsets and devices, referred to as XR UE, are configured to provide a very realistic multimedia experience for user (s) . The XR experience can change in near real time based on the actions of the user. An acceptable XR experience may use frame rates of 60fps and 2K resolution per eye. An immersive experience can use 90 or even 120 frames per second (fps) with video resolutions of up to up to 8K per eye to provide a realistic visual experience. This translates into bit rates for the XR UE of tens of megabits per second (Mbps) . Creating content at such bit rates involves the use of powerful processors which typically cannot be hosted at the XR UE, due to limitations such as heat dissipation and battery constraints. To overcome the limitations, rendering of the XR multimedia can be assisted or split across the network. The XR UE can be configured to send near real-time sensor data in uplink transmissions to the cloud. Powerful processors in the cloud can perform rendering and produce multimedia data which can be sent in a downlink transmission back to the XR device for display. Low latency in the UL and DL transmissions can add to the realism of the XR experience and reduce potential motion sickness of the user. For the XR UE to communicate the tens of Mbps of data with low latency, improvements can be made to the NR standard.
[0146] One cause of latency in UL and DL data transmissions is the use of the MG by the NW. When a UE is instructed by the NW to use a MG, the UE is typically unable to communicate UL and DL data during the MG. As previously discussed, the MG period during which the UE cannot communicate UL and DL data can last up to 6 ms, with repetition periodicities between 20 and 160 ms. Since UL / DL data transmission may not be allowed during an active measurement gap, it may potentially cause latency that can degrade the performance of delay-sensitive XR services. In addition, low repetition periodicities can significantly reduce the data transmission and reception opportunities, thereby reducing data throughput rates. Thus, some enhancements may be introduced for measurement gap handling.
[0147] In some examples, measurement gaps and scheduling restrictions can be configured to enable high priority data to be communicated between a UE, such as an XR UE, and a BS. Enhancements can be specified for reducing the impact to capacity and impact to individual UEs with respect to scheduling restrictions for FR1 and FR2 inter-frequency radio resource management (RRM) measurements with measurement gaps and FR2 intra-frequency measurements w / o measurement gaps. Some mechanisms used to reduce the impact can include: Delay Status Report (DSR) ; Unused Transmission Occasions -Uplink Control Information (UTO-UCI) ; and / or Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Set Importance (PSI-) based Discarding.
[0148] DSR can allow the UE to report (via medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) ) the remaining time until expiry of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer of buffered data, along with the associated data volume, which facilitates delay-aware scheduling at the network or gNB side. The UE can be configured to identify to the network or gNB that it has a packet that will drop. The network or the gNB can provide the UE with recourses to transmit the packet.
[0149] The UTO-UCI can allow the UE to indicate which of the subsequent configured grant (CG) occasions will be used or will not be used by the UE. The PSI-based Discarding can allow the UE to apply an alternative discard timer (e.g. shorter timer value) for less important PDU Sets when the network indicates that congestion is present, to alleviate UL congestion. Thus, the UE can ask the network or gNB to drop and release recourses. These features may be utilized to accommodate the measurement gap handling with respect to delay-sensitive XR services, thereby enabling a data intensive and delay-sensitive UE, such as an XR UE, to communicate with higher transmission rates and reduced latency.
[0150] Buffer-Delay based Measurement Gap Handling
[0151] In one aspect, A UL transmission (e.g. on uplink-shared channel (UL-SCH) ) may be allowed in an active measurement gap based on at least one condition relating to buffer delay of at least one logical channel (LCH) and / or logical channel group (LCG) . Thus, the UE 106 may override the measurement gap based on a condition of a buffer delay, e.g. a remaining time.
[0152] In another aspect, the UE 106 can have one or more processors 402, coupled to a memory 406, configured to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) , e.g. for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The processors 402 can determine, at the UE 106, when an uplink (UL) transmission is to be performed during a measurement gap, based on whether at least one condition related to a buffer (e.g. buffer-delay) of at least one logical channel (LCH) or logical channel group (LCG) is met.
[0153] In one aspect, the processors 402 can encode, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to the buffer-delay of the at least one LCH or LCG.
[0154] In one aspect, the UE 106 may perform transmission on a UL-SCH resource in an active measurement gap if the remaining time until expiration of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer of buffered data from at least one LCH / LCG satisfies a time threshold. The UE 106 may override a MG based on a condition of a buffer delay, e.g. a remaining time.
[0155] In another aspect, the processors 402 can determine when a remaining time until an expiration of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer of buffered data from the at least one LCH or LCG satisfies a time threshold; and can encode UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.
[0156] In another aspect, the UE 106 may perform transmission on a UL-SCH resource in an active measurement gap if the remaining time until expiration of a PDCP discard timer of buffered data from at least one LCH / LCG satisfies a data volume threshold, and if the data volume associated with the remaining time (i.e. the volume of delay-critical data) is equal to or larger than the volume threshold.
[0157] In one aspect, the processors 402 can determine when a data volume of the data for transmission associated with the remaining time is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; and can encode UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.
[0158] In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission on a UL-SCH resource in an active measurement gap if a delay status report (DSR) relating to at least one LCH / LCG is triggered. In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission on a UL-SCH resource in an active measurement gap if a DSR relating to at least one LCH / LCG is triggered, and if the data volume associated with the remaining time to be reported in the DSR (i.e. the volume of delay-critical data) is equal to or larger than a volume threshold.
[0159] In one aspect, the processors 402 can determine when a delay status report (DSR) relating to the at least one LCH or LCG is triggered; and can encode UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the DSR is triggered. The processors 402 can determine when a data volume of the data for transmission associated with a remaining time to be reported in the DSR is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; and can encode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.
[0160] In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission of a scheduling request (SR) in an active measurement gap if the SR is triggered by a DSR relating to at least one LCH / LCG. When a data volume exceeds the threshold, then the UE can override without checking a delay. In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission of an SR in an active measurement gap if the SR is triggered by a DSR relating to at least one LCH / LCG, and if the data volume associated with the remaining time to be reported in the DSR (i.e. the volume of delay-critical data) is equal to or larger than a volume threshold.
[0161] The processors 402 can determine when a scheduling request (SR) is triggered by a delay status report (DSR) relating to the at least one LCH or LCG; and can encode an SR for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the SR is triggered by the DSR. The processors 402 can determine when a data volume of the data for transmission associated with a remaining time to be reported in the DSR is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; and can encode an SR for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.
[0162] In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission of an UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) in an active measurement gap if any data from at least one LCH / LCG will be discarded if not transmitted during this measurement gap (e.g. if the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) discard timer expires during a measurement gap) . In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission of an UL-SCH or an SR in an active measurement gap if a data volume from at least one LCH / LCG is to be discarded if not transmitted during this measurement gap (e.g. the PDCP discard timer expires during a measurement gap) satisfies a volume threshold.
[0163] In one aspect, the processors 402, 604 can determine when data from the at least one LCH or LCG will be discarded; and can encode UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the data will be discarded. The processors 402 can determine when a data volume from the at least one LCH or LCG will be discarded is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; and can encode UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.
[0164] The processors 402, 604 can determine when a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer expires during a MG; and can encode UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the PDCP discard timer expires during the MG. The processors 402, 604 can determine when a data volume from the at least one LCH or LCG will be discarded is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; and can encode UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.
[0165] In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission of a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) in an active measurement gap if the HARQ-ACK is related to transmission of at least one LCH / LCG. In another aspect, the UE may perform transmission of a HARQ-ACK in an active measurement gap if the HARQ-ACK is related to transmission of at least one LCH / LCG whose buffered data is associated to a remaining time until expiration of a PDCP discard timer satisfying a threshold.
[0166] The processors 402 can determine when a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) is related to transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG; and can encode the HARQ-ACK for transmission during an active measurement gap when the HARQ-ACK is related to transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG. The processors 402 can determine when a remaining time until expiration of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer associated with buffered data of the at least one LCH or LCG satisfies a time threshold; and can encode the HARQ-ACK for transmission during an active measurement gap when the remaining time satisfies the threshold.
[0167] In another aspect, the processors 402, 604 may encode a channel state information (CSI) report for transmission from the UE in an active measurement gap if the CSI may be used for transmission of at least one LCH / LCG. In another aspect, the processors 402, 604 may encode a CSI report for transmission from the UE in an active measurement gap if the CSI may be used for transmission of at least one LCH / LCG whose buffered data is associated with a remaining time till expiry of a PDCP discard timer satisfying a threshold.
[0168] The processors 402, 604 can determine when a channel state information (CSI) report is used for transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG; and can encode the CSI report for transmission during an active measurement gap when the CSI report is used for transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG. The processors 402, 604 can determine when a remaining time until expiration of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer associated with buffered data of the at least one LCH or LCG satisfies a threshold; and can encode the CSI report for transmission during an active measurement gap when the remaining time satisfies the threshold.
[0169] In one aspect, the UE may override the measurement gap and transmit during the measurement gap. In another aspect, the UE may send a notification that the UE will transmit during the measurement gap before transmitting in the measurement gap.
[0170] In another aspect, the network may pre-configure each LCH / LCG as to whether or not the UE can override the measurement gap (MG) if a package is urgent, and / or differentiate amongst whether the remaining time of data in the LCH / LCG may allow UL-SCH or SR transmission during an active MG. In another aspect, the behavior relating to UL-SCH transmission may only be applicable to particular configured grant (CG) configurations, based on a pre-configuration of the network. (This may be implied based on the LCHs that can be mapped to each CG configurations. ) In another aspect, the behavior relating to SR transmission may only be applicable to a particular SR or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) configurations, based on pre-configuration of the network. In another aspect, the behavior may only be applicable when the delay-critical data comprises a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Set with higher importance, or when delivery of the delay-critical data is needed for synchronization requirement of multi-modal traffic flows.
[0171] The processors 402, 604 can decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element regarding a pre-configuration of the at least one LCH or LCG regarding permission for the UE to transmit the UL data 804 on the UL-SCH or transmit a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap based on a threshold level of a remaining time of data in the at least one LCH or LCG. The processors 604 can decode, at the UE 106, a configuration grant (CG) configuration of the NW 100 regarding transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap. The processors 604 can encode a scheduling request (SR) or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) configuration for transmission during an active measurement gap based on a pre-configuration of the NW 100. The processors 402 can determine when the UL data 804 comprises delay-critical data with a protocol data unit (PDU) set with a higher importance. The processors 402 can determine when the UL data 804 comprises delay-critical data whose delivery is needed for synchronization requirement of multi-modal traffic flows.
[0172] In another aspect, the UE behavior may be further dependent on the remaining duration of the instantaneous measurement gap. For example, the UE may perform UL transmission in a measurement gap (MG) if the remaining duration of the MG is still longer than a threshold. Otherwise, the UE may refrain from performing the UL transmission if the remaining duration of the MG is already quite short. The threshold or the threshold value may be commonly applicable to all LCHs / LCGs, or only applicable to a specific set of LCHs / LCGs (e.g. depending on which LCH that has data the UE intends to transmit, different threshold of remaining duration of MG may be applied) . The processors 402, 604 can determine a remaining duration of the active measurement gap and encode the UL data for transmission during the active measurement gap when the duration of the measurement gap is longer than a threshold.
[0173] As described herein, the measurement gap (s) can comprise network controlled small gaps (NCSG) or an SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configuration (SMTC window) .
[0174] The buffer-delay based measurement gap handling can be utilized with protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding, measurement gap priority, explicit indications from the network, and restriction of measurement gap occupancy, as described herein.
[0175] FIG. 9: Flow Chart for a Method for UL Transmission During MGs -Buffer-Delay Based
[0176] FIG. 9 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on buffer-delay. The method 900 can comprise decoding 904, at a user equipment (UE) 106 from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs, e.g. for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The method 900 can further comprise determining 908, at the UE 106, when an uplink (UL) transmission is to be performed during a measurement gap, based on whether at least one condition related to a buffer (e.g. buffer-delay) of at least one logical channel (LCH) or logical channel group (LCG) is met. In one aspect, the method 900 can further comprise encoding 912, at the UE 106, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to the buffer-delay of the least one LCH or LCG.
[0177] UTO-UCI based Measurement Gap Handling
[0178] In one aspect, the UE can be allowed to perform transmission on an uplink-shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, if the UL-SCH resources corresponding to configured grant (CGs) occasions that have been indicated as “used” in a previous unused transmission occasion (s) (UTO) indicated by uplink control information (UCI) (UTO-UCI) signaled by the UE. Thus, the UE can be allowed to perform transmission if the UE earlier indicated that the UE would transmit during the time in which the MG occurs.
[0179] In another aspect, apart from UTO-UCI, a new uplink signaling (e.g. UCI or MAC CE) may be introduced for the UE to indicate which UL-SCH resources in an active measurement gap that the UE intends to use. The NW may optionally provide feedback to indicate whether the UE intention may be permitted. The UE may presume it is permitted if no feedback is received from the NW.
[0180] In another aspect, the UE may be configured to only signal UTO-UCI for CG occasions that occur in a measurement gap. This may be a MG-specific UTO-UCI mechanism which can be separately configured from the existing UTO-UCI scheme.
[0181] In another aspect, the UE may take measurement gap into account when deriving the UTO-UCI, i.e. the CG occasions in a measurement gap could always be indicated as “unused” or considered as “invalid” .
[0182] The UE 106 can have processors 402, 604 coupled to a memory 406, configured to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The processors 402 can determine, at the UE 106, at least one condition related to an unused transmission occasion –uplink control information (UTO-UCI) . The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap of the one or more measurement gaps based on the condition related to the UTO-UCI.
[0183] The processors 402 can determine, at the UE 106, when the UL-SCH resources corresponding to a configuration grant (CG) occasion indicated as used in a previous UTO-UCI signaled by the UE, such as a previous UTO-UCI signaled by the UE. The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap.
[0184] The processors 402 can determine a UL-SCH resource in an active measurement gap for intended use. The processors 604 can encode data for the UL-SCH resource for transmission on a different UL channel. In addition, the processors 604 can further decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, an indication regarding permission to use the UL-SCH resource.
[0185] The processors 402 can determine when a configuration grant (CG) occurs in an active measurement gap. The processors 604 can encode the UTO-UCI for transmission when the CG occurs in the active measurement gap.
[0186] The processors 402 can determine when a configuration grant (CG) in a measurement gap is indicated as unused or invalid.
[0187] The UTO-UCI based measurement gap handling can be utilized with protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding, measurement gap priority, explicit indications from the network, and restriction of measurement gap occupancy, as described herein.
[0188] FIG. 10: Flow Chart for a Method for UL Transmission During MGs -UTO-UCI Based
[0189] FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on UTO-UCI. The method 1000 can comprise decoding 1004, at a user equipment (UE) 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The method 1000 can further comprise determining 1008, at the UE 106, at least one condition related to an unused transmission occasion –uplink control information (UTO-UCI) . The method 1000 can further comprise encoding 1012, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap of the one or more measurement gaps based on the condition related to the UTO-UCI.
[0190] PSI-based Discarding based Measurement Gap Handling
[0191] Whether transmission in a measurement gap is allowed may be further dependent on if the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Set Importance (PSI-) based Discarding (i.e. PSI-based discarding) is activated. In one aspect, if the PSI-based discarding is activated for at least one Data Radio Bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data, the UE may not be allowed to transmit data or a medium access control -control element (MAC CE) (e.g. buffer status report (BSR) and / or delay status report (DSR) ) relating to the at least one DRB in the measurement gap. In another aspect, if the PSI-based discarding is activated for at least one DRB, the UE may not be allowed to transmit data or a DSR relating to the at least one DRB in the measurement gap, unless a high importance Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Set is buffered in the at least one DRB. In another aspect, if the PSI-based discarding is activated for at least one DRB, whether the UE is allowed to transmit data or DSR relating to the at least one DRB in the measurement gap, may depend on the buffer status (such as buffer volume and / or delay) . This may be combined with the buffer-delay based measurement gap handling described herein.
[0192] The UE 106 can have processors 604, coupled to a memory 406, to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The processors 402 can determine, at the UE 106, at least one condition related to when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated. The processors 402 can encode, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to activation of PSI-based discarding.
[0193] The processors 402 can determine when PSI based discarding is deactivated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data. The processors 402 can encode the UL data or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap.
[0194] The processors 402 can determine when PSI based discarding is activated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data. The processors 402 can determine when a high importance protocol data unit (PDU) set is buffered in the at least one DRB. The processors 402 can encode the UL data 804 or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap.
[0195] The processors 402 can determine when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data. The processors 402 can determine at least one condition related to a buffer-delay of at least one logical channel (LCH) or logical channel group (LCG) . The processors 402 can encode the UL data 804 or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap based on the PSI based discarding activated and the buffer-delay of the at least one LCH or LCG.
[0196] The PSI-based discarding base measurement gap handling can be utilized with measurement gap priority, explicit indications from the network, and restriction of measurement gap occupancy, as described herein.
[0197] FIG. 11: Flow Chart for a Method for UL Transmission During MGs –PSI-Based Discarding Based
[0198] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on PSI-based discarding. The method 1100 can comprise decoding 1104, at a user equipment (UE) 106 from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The method 1100 can comprise determining 1108, at the UE 106, at least one condition related to when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated. The method 1100 can comprise encoding 1112, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to activation of PSI-based discarding.
[0199] Methods based on Measurement Gap Priority
[0200] The UE may be configured with multiple measurement gaps with different priority levels. The configuration and priority levels may be determined by the network. In one aspect, the UE may be configured to only perform any of the methods described herein in low priority measurement gaps. In another aspect, the UE may be configured to only perform any of the methods described herein in high priority measurement gaps. In another aspect, the UE may be configured to only perform any of the method proposed in this disclosure any priority measurement gaps regardless of the priority. In another aspect, the UE may be configured with a priority threshold in order to determine whichh measurement can be considered as “low priority” and / or “high priority” .
[0201] The UE 106 can have one or more processors 604, coupled to a memory 406, to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The processors 604 can decode, at the UE 106, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs. The processors 402 can encode, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the measurement gap priority.
[0202] The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, based on the measurement gap priority having a low priority.
[0203] The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, based on the measurement gap priority having a high priority.
[0204] The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, regardless of the measurement gap priority.
[0205] The processors 604 can determine, at the UE 106, a priority threshold. The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, based on the measurement gap priority being lower or higher than the priority threshold.
[0206] FIG. 12: Flow Chart for a Method for UL Transmission During MGs –Measurement Gap Priority
[0207] FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on measurement gap priority. The method 1200 can comprise decoding 1204, at a user equipment (UE) 106 from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The method 1200 can comprise decoding 1204, at the UE 106, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs. The method 1200 can comprise encoding 1212, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the measurement gap priority.
[0208] FIG. 13: Methods based on Explicit Indications from the Network
[0209] FIG. 13 is an illustration of an example diagram of dynamic activation / deactivation of special measurement gap handling (e.g. allowing UL / DL transmission during an active measurement gap when certain conditions are met) based on explicit indications from the network. The diagram illustrates an example of a time domain 1300 with measurement gaps 1304.
[0210] The network may pre-configure a time / frequency pattern 1308 about which UL / DL resources may be transmitted / received by the UE during a measurement gap 1304. For example, the network may configure a small time window that allows transmission in a measurement gap 1304. Before each measurement gap 1304, the network may dynamically indicate a time / frequency pattern about which UL / DL resources may be transmitted / received by the UE 106 during a measurement gap 1304. In one aspect, the network may configure the UE 106 to receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) during an active measurement gap 1304 for potential dynamic DL / UL resource assignment. In another aspect, the network may configure the UE 106 whether it is allowed to trigger a Random Access Channel (RACH) or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap 1304 when some conditions are met. The conditions may be fixed by specification or be configurable.
[0211] In another aspect, the network may dynamically activate / deactivate the UE’s transmission / reception behaviors during an active measurement gap 1304 via a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) . The network can decide to activate 1308 or deactivate 1312, e.g. if the network needs measurements from UE 106. For example, the network may dynamically instruct the UE 106 to receive DL-SCH in a coming-up measurement gap 1304, in order to e.g. handle a DL packet that experiences jitter and hence cannot be transmitted before the measurement gap start. In the dynamic signaling (e.g. MAC CE) , the network may provide more detailed instructions about which UL / DL resource the UE 106 should continue to transmit / receive during an active measurement gap 1304. In another aspect, the network may do more than activation / deactivation of the UE’s transmission / reception behaviors, and may provide dynamic signaling to modify / control a UE’s behavior during measurement gaps 1304. There may be a minimum offset between the dynamic signaling and the starting point of the measurement gap 1304. The UE 106 may only apply the behavior indicated in the dynamic signal sent at least X milli-seconds (ms) before the measurement gap 1304.
[0212] The UE 106 can have one or more processors 402, coupled to a memory 406, to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) 1304 for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The processors 604 can decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, an explicit indication (e.g. 1308 and / or 1312) regarding a NW pre-configured time and frequency pattern for uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for the UE 106 during the one or more MGs 1304. The processors 604 encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap 1304, of the one or more measurement gaps 1304, based on the explicit indication (e.g. 1308 and / or 1312) .
[0213] The explicit indication can be a dynamic indication before each MG 1304.
[0214] The processors 604 can decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, data in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) during an active measurement gap 1304 for a dynamic DL / UL resource assignment.
[0215] The processors 604 can decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, an indication to trigger a Random Access Channel (RACH) or a scheduling request (SR) during an active MG 1304.
[0216] The processors 604 can decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) configured to dynamically activate or deactivate a transmission or reception behavior of the UE during an active MG 1304.
[0217] FIG. 14: Flow Chart for a Method for UL Transmission During MGs –Explicit Indication Based
[0218] FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on an explicit indication from the network. The method 1400 can comprise decoding 1404, at a user equipment (UE) 106 from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 105. The method 1400 can comprise decoding 1408, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time or frequency pattern for uplink (UL) transmission by the UE 106 or downlink (DL) reception by the UE 106 during the one or more MGs. The method 1400 can comprise encoding 1412, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the explicit indication.
[0219] Restriction of Measurement Gap Occupancy
[0220] To make sure the measurement gap is not overwritten by UL / DL transmission excessively, some restrictions may be applied. The network may provide a maximum gap in the measurement gap for use by UE. In one aspect, the network may pre-configure a threshold time of the measurement gap interval. The total time for UL or DL transmissions occurring in the measurement gap may not exceed a threshold time. In another aspect, the network may pre-configure a threshold percentage of the measurement gap interval. The portion of total time for UL or DL transmissions occurring in this measurement gap may not exceed this threshold percentage time. In another aspect, the network may configure a time window covering more than one measurement gap, and may indicate which measurement gap (s) within this window is allowed for DL / UL transmission. In another aspect, the network may configure a time window covering more than one measurement gap, and may indicate a maximum number of measurement gap (s) within this window that is allowed for DL / UL transmission. In another aspect, the network may configure a time window covering more than one measurement gap, and may indicate a maximum total duration within this window that is allowed for DL / UL transmission.
[0221] In another aspect, the network may pre-configure some criteria relating to the uplink / downlink resources. The UE may only perform transmission / reception on uplink / downlink resources in the measurement gap that satisfy these criteria. For example, the UE may be configured to perform uplink transmissions in a measurement gap on resources with physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) duration shorter than a threshold.
[0222] The UE 106 can have one or more processors 604, coupled to a memory 406, to decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The processors 604 can decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy. The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.
[0223] The processors 604 can further decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, a pre-configured threshold time of the MG interval. The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, within the threshold time.
[0224] The processors 604 can further decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, a pre-configured threshold percentage of the MG interval. The processors 604 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, within the threshold percentage.
[0225] The processors 604 can further decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, a time window covering more than one MG and an indication which MGs within the time window are allowed for UL transmission.
[0226] The processors 604 can further decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, a time window covering more than one MG and an indication of a maximum number of MGs within the time window are allowed for UL transmission.
[0227] The processors 604 can further decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, a time window covering more than one MG and an indication of a maximum total duration within the time window allowed for UL transmission.
[0228] The processors 604 can further decode, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, a pre-configured criterion related to UL resources, The processors 402 can encode, at the UE 106, UL data 804 for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, when the criterion is satisfied.
[0229] FIG. 15: Flow Chart for a Method for UL Transmission During MGs –Restriction of Measurement Gap Occupancy
[0230] FIG. 15 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method for upload (UL) transmission during measurement gaps (MGs) based on restriction of measurement gap occupancy. The method 1500 can comprise decoding 1504, at a user equipment (UE) 106 from signaling received from a network (NW) 100 through a base station 102, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE 106. The method 1500 can comprise decoding 1508, at the UE 106, from signaling received from the NW 100, an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy. The method 1500 can comprise encoding 1512, at the UE 106, uplink (UL) data 804 for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.
[0231] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be realized in any of various forms. For example, some embodiments may be realized as a computer-implemented method, a computer readable memory medium, or a computer system. Other embodiments may be realized using one or more custom-designed hardware devices such as ASICs. Still other embodiments may be realized using one or more programmable hardware elements such as FPGAs.
[0232] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium may be configured so that it stores program instructions and / or data, where the program instructions, if executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method, e.g., any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets.
[0233] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a UE 106) may be configured to include a processor (or a set of processors) and a memory medium, where the memory medium stores program instructions, where the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, where the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method embodiments described herein (or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets) . The device may be realized in any of various forms.
[0234] Any of the methods described herein for operating a user equipment (UE) may be the basis of a corresponding method for operating a base station, by interpreting each message / signal X received by the UE in the downlink as message / signal X transmitted by the base station, and each message / signal Y transmitted in the uplink by the UE as a message / signal Y received by the base station.
[0235] Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
Claims
1.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) , the apparatus comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) ; anddetermine, at the UE, when an uplink (UL) transmission is to be performed during a measurement gap, based on whether at least one condition related to a buffer of at least one logical channel (LCH) or logical channel group (LCG) is met.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:encode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to the buffer-delay of the at least one LCH or LCG.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a remaining time until an expiration of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer of buffered data from the at least one LCH or LCG satisfies a time threshold; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a data volume of the data for transmission associated with the remaining time is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a delay status report (DSR) relating to the at least one LCH or LCG is triggered; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the DSR is triggered.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a data volume of the data for transmission associated with a remaining time to be reported in the DSR is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a scheduling request (SR) is triggered by a delay status report (DSR) relating to the at least one LCH or LCG; andencode a SR for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the SR is triggered by the DSR.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a data volume of the data for transmission associated with a remaining time to be reported in the DSR is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; andencode a SR for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when data from the at least one LCH or LCG will be discarded; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the data will be discarded.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a data volume from the at least one LCH or LCG will be discarded is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer expires during a MG; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the PDCP discard timer expires during the MG.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a data volume from the at least one LCH or LCG will be discarded is equal to or larger than a volume threshold; andencode UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH or a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap when the threshold is satisfied.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) is related to transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG; andencode the HARQ-ACK for transmission during an active measurement gap when the HARQ-ACK is related to transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a remaining time until expiration of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer associated with buffered data of the at least one LCH or LCG satisfies a time threshold; andencode the HARQ-ACK for transmission during an active measurement gap when the remaining time satisfies the threshold.15.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a channel state information (CSI) report is used for transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG; andencode the CSI report for transmission during an active measurement gap when the CSI report is used for transmission of the at least one LCH or LCG.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a remaining time until expiration of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) discard timer associated with buffered data of the at least one LCH or LCG satisfies a threshold; andencode the CSI report for transmission during an active measurement gap when the remaining time satisfies the threshold.17.The apparatus of any of claims 1-16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element regarding a pre-configuration of the at least one LCH or LCG regarding permission for the UE to transmit the UL data on the UL-SCH or transmit a scheduling request (SR) during an active measurement gap based on a threshold level of a remaining time of data in the at least one LCH or LCG.18.The apparatus of any of claims 1-16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, a configuration grant (CG) configuration of the NW regarding transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap.19.The apparatus of any of claims 1-16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:encode a scheduling request (SR) or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) configuration for transmission during an active measurement gap based on a pre-configuration of the NW.20.The apparatus of any of claims 1-16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when the UL data comprises delay-critical data with a protocol data unit (PDU) set with a higher importance than a selected threshold; andencode the UL data for transmission during the active measurement gap.21.The apparatus of any of claims 1-16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine that the UL data comprises delay-critical data whose delivery is needed for a synchronization requirement of multi-modal traffic flows; andencode the UL data for transmission during the active measurement gap.22.The apparatus of any of claims 1-16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine a remaining duration of the active measurement gap; andencode the UL data for transmission during the active measurement gap when the duration of the measurement gap is longer than a threshold.23.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more MGs comprise network controlled small gaps (NCSG) .24.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more MGs comprise an SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configuration (SMTC window) .25.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data; andencode the UL data or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap based on the PSI based discarding activated and the buffer-delay of the at least one LCH or LCG.26.The apparatus of any of claims 1-16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the measurement gap priority.27.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time and frequency pattern for uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for the UE during the one or more MGs; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the explicit indication.28.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.29.A method for uplink (UL) transmission during one or more measurement gaps (MGs) , the method comprising:decoding, at a user equipment (UE) from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement; anddetermining, at the UE, when an uplink (UL) transmission is to be performed during a measurement gap, based on whether at least one condition related to a buffer of at least one logical channel (LCH) or logical channel group (LCG) is met.30.The method of claim 29, further comprising:encoding, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to the buffer-delay of the least one LCH or LCG.31.An apparatus configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform any of the methods of claims 29-30.32.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) , the apparatus comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;determine, at the UE, at least one condition related to an unused transmission occasion –uplink control information (UTO-UCI) ; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap of the one or more measurement gaps based on the condition related to the UTO-UCI.33.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine, at the UE, when UL-SCH resources corresponding to a configuration grant (CG) occasion indicated as used in a previous UTO-UCI signaled by the UE; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap.34.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine a UL-SCH resource in an active measurement gap for intended use; andencode data for the UL-SCH resource for transmission on a different UL channel.35.The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an indication regarding permission to use the UL-SCH resource.36.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a configuration grant (CG) occurs in an active measurement gap; andencode the UTO-UCI for transmission when the CG occurs in the active measurement gap.37.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when a configuration grant (CG) in a measurement gap is indicated as unused or invalid.38.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more MGs comprise network controlled small gaps (NCSG) .39.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more MGs comprise an SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configuration (SMTC window) .40.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data; andencode the UL data or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap based on the PSI based discarding activated.41.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the measurement gap priority.42.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time and frequency pattern for uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for the UE during the one or more MGs; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the explicit indication.43.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.44.A method for uplink (UL) transmission during one or more measurement gaps (MGs) , the method comprising:decoding, at a user equipment (UE) , from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;determining, at the UE, at least one condition related to an unused transmission occasion –uplink control information (UTO-UCI) ; andencoding, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap of the one or more measurement gaps based on the condition related to the UTO-UCI.45.An apparatus configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform the method of claim 44.46.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) , the apparatus comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;determine, at the UE, at least one condition related to when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to activation of PSI-based discarding.47.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when PSI based discarding is deactivated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data; andencode the UL data or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap.48.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when PSI based discarding is activated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data;determine when a high importance protocol data unit (PDU) set is buffered in the at least one DRB; andencode the UL data or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap.49.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated for at least one data radio bearer (DRB) carrying user plane data;determine at least one condition related to a buffer-delay of at least one logical channel (LCH) or logical channel group (LCG) ; andencode the UL data or a delayed status report (DSR) related to the at least one DRB for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap based on the PSI based discarding activated and the buffer-delay of the at least one LCH or LCG.50.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more MGs comprise network controlled small gaps (NCSG) .51.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more MGs comprise an SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configuration (SMTC window) .52.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the measurement gap priority.53.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time and frequency pattern for uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for the UE during the one or more MGs; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the explicit indication.54.The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.55.A method for uplink (UL) transmission during one or more measurement gaps (MGs) , the method comprising:decoding, at a user equipment (UE) from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;determining, at the UE, at least one condition related to when protocol data unit (PDU) set importance (PSI) based discarding is activated; andencoding, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the at least one condition related to activation of PSI-based discarding.56.An apparatus configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform the method of claim 55.57.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) , the apparatus comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;decode, at the UE, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the measurement gap priority.58.The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:encode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, based on the measurement gap priority having a low priority.59.The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:encode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, based on the measurement gap priority having a high priority.60.The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:encode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, regardless of the measurement gap priority.61.The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:determine, at the UE, a priority threshold; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during the active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, based on the measurement gap priority being lower or higher than the priority threshold.62.A method for uplink (UL) transmission during one or more measurement gaps (MGs) , the method comprising:decoding, at a user equipment (UE) from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;decoding, at the UE, a NW configured measurement gap priority of the MGs; andencoding, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the measurement gap priority.63.An apparatus configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform the method of claim 62.64.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) , the apparatus comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time and frequency pattern for uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for the UE during the one or more MGs; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the explicit indication.65.The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the explicit indication is a dynamic indication before each MG.66.The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, data in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) during an active measurement gap for a dynamic DL / UL resource assignment.67.The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an indication to trigger a Random Access Channel (RACH) or a scheduling request (SR) during an active MG.68.The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) configured to dynamically activate or deactivate a transmission or reception behavior of the UE during an active MG.69.A method for uplink (UL) transmission during one or more measurement gaps (MGs) , the method comprising:decoding, at a user equipment (UE) from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;decoding, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an explicit indication regarding a NW pre-configured time or frequency pattern for uplink (UL) transmission by the UE or downlink (DL) reception by the UE during the one or more MGs; andencoding, at the UE, UL data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the explicit indication.70.An apparatus configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform the method of claim 69.71.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) , the apparatus comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding one or more measurement gaps (MGs) for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy; andencode, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.72.The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, a pre-configured threshold time of an MG interval; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, within the threshold time.73.The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, a pre-configured threshold percentage of an MG interval; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, within the threshold percentage.74.The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, a time window covering more than one MG and an indication which MGs within the time window are allowed for UL transmission.75.The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, a time window covering more than one MG and an indication of a maximum number of MGs within the time window are allowed for UL transmission.76.The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, a time window covering more than one MG and an indication of a maximum total duration within the time window allowed for UL transmission.77.The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:decode, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, a pre-configured criterion related to UL resources; andencode, at the UE, UL data for transmission on the UL-SCH during an active measurement gap, of the one or more MGs, when the criterion is satisfied.78.A method for uplink (UL) transmission during one or more measurement gaps (MGs) , the method comprising:decoding, at a user equipment (UE) from signaling received from a network (NW) through a base station, an information element (IE) regarding the one or more MGs for measurement on synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) of neighbor cells of the UE;decoding, at the UE, from signaling received from the NW, an indication restricting measurement gap occupancy; andencoding, at the UE, uplink (UL) data for transmission on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) during an active measurement gap, of the one or more measurement gaps, based on the indication restricting measurement gap occupancy.79.An apparatus configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform the method of claim 78.80.A user equipment (UE) configured to perform any of the operations described herein.81.A next generation node B (gNB) configured to perform any of the operations described herein.82.A computer program product, comprising computer instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, perform any of the operations described herein.
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