Communications device

Abstract

This communication device comprises: a collection unit that collects the frame discard rate for each user from each first package having a home device for each user as a subordinate; and a determination unit that determines that the power supply of a second package for transferring a frame is to be turned on under a power-on condition that the discard rate exceeds a first threshold value for one or more users and that there are a plurality of users for whom the frame is discarded, and determines that the power supply of the second package is to be turned off under a power-off condition that the discard rate is equal to or less than the first threshold value for all users or there are one or fewer users for whom the frame is discarded.

Description

communication equipment

[0001] This application claims priority from International Application No. PCT / JP2024 / 001286, filed January 18, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] To realize a power-saving communication system, a communication device may dynamically change the number of packages (communication packages) activated in the device depending on the user's service usage status (increase or decrease in traffic). Here, the communication device collects traffic information from each package. The communication device predicts future traffic based on statistical data of past traffic in the communication system.

[0003] The communication device determines whether or not a package needs to be started based on the traffic prediction result. If a decrease in traffic is predicted, the communication device turns off the power of packages that do not need to be started. If an increase in traffic is predicted, the communication device turns on the power of packages that need to be started (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0004] JP 2017-208757 A JP 2018-133680 A

[0005] In a communication device that can accommodate a small number of users, the influence of a single user (a specific user) increases relatively. This reduces the accuracy of traffic statistics, and therefore the accuracy of traffic prediction. This can lead to unnecessary packages being activated. Furthermore, an insufficient number of activated packages can cause traffic overflow. In order to ensure that there are enough activated packages, unnecessary packages can be activated.

[0006] As a result, the amount of power actually required for communication traffic may differ from the amount of power consumed by the communication device. This creates a problem in that it is impossible to reduce the possibility that the amount of power consumed by the communication device will increase more than necessary. The amount of power consumed by the communication device will particularly increase if unnecessary packages are activated.

[0007] In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a communication device that can reduce the possibility of an increase in the amount of power more than necessary.

[0008] One aspect of the present invention is a communications device comprising: a collection unit that collects a frame discard rate for each user from each first package that has a home device for each user under its control; and a determination unit that determines to turn on the power of a second package that transfers the frames, with a power-on condition that the discard rate for one or more of the users exceeds a first threshold and that the number of users for whom frame discard has occurred is more than one; and that determines to turn off the power of the second package, with a power-off condition that the discard rate for all of the users becomes equal to or less than the first threshold or that the number of users for whom frame discard has occurred becomes equal to or less than one.

[0009] The present invention can reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in the amount of power consumed.

[0010] 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system in a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a third embodiment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a fourth embodiment. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a fifth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a sixth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system in a seventh embodiment. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a seventh embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system in an eighth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a ninth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in an eleventh embodiment. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a twelfth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a thirteenth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system in a fourteenth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of a communication device in a fourteenth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a communication system in each embodiment.

[0011]

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. (First Embodiment) Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system 1a according to the first embodiment. The communication system 1a is a system for executing communication between each of the home devices under the control of a communication device and a higher-level device.

[0012] The communication system 1a includes a higher-level device 2, a communication device 3a, and one or more home devices 4. The communication device 3a includes one or more packages 31 and a control device 32a. The communication device 3a includes, as an example, four packages 31. The package 31-3 includes, as an example, home devices 4-1 to 4-64 under its control. The package 31-4 includes, as an example, home devices 4-65 to 4-128 under its control. The control device 32a includes a collection unit 321, a disposal status storage device 322, a determination unit 323a, a low disposal status storage device 324, and a control unit 325.

[0013] The higher-level device 2 uses frames transferred by the communication device 3a to communicate with each of the in-home devices 4. The in-home devices 4 are terminal devices provided in the user's home, such as an optical network unit (ONU). The in-home devices 4 use frames transferred by the communication device 3a to communicate with the higher-level device 2.

[0014] The package 31-1 and the package 31-2 are communication packages. When the power supply of the package 31-1 is on, the package 31-1 communicates with the higher-level device 2. When the power supply of the package 31-2 is on, the package 31-2 communicates with the higher-level device 2.

[0015] Each of the packages 31-3 and 31-4 is a communication package, for example, a passive optical network device (PON package). The package 31-3 executes communication with each of the home appliances 4-1 to 4-64. The package 31-4 executes communication with each of the home appliances 4-65 to 4-128.

[0016] The collection unit 321 collects, for each user, the frame discard rate from the package 31-3 and the package 31-4 (each first package) that have the home device 4 (lower device) for each user under their control. The collection unit 321 collects the frame discard rate at a predetermined cycle (for example, every 10 minutes). The collection unit 321 records the collected discard rate (most recent discard rate) in the discard status storage device 322. The discard status storage device 322 (collected data storage device) stores the collected discard rate (most recent discard rate).

[0017] The determination unit 323a refers to the most recent discard rate stored in the discard status storage device 322. The determination unit 323a acquires, from the discard status storage device 322, the most recent discard rate (reference data) referenced in the discard status storage device 322.

[0018] The determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate exceeds a first threshold value (for example, 50%) for one or more users. If the determination unit 323a determines that the discard rate for all users is equal to or less than the first threshold value, the determination unit 323a records the most recent discard rate referenced in the discard state storage device 322 as a low discard rate (a discard rate in a situation where the package 31 does not need to be started (normal situation)) in the low discard state storage device 324 (normal data storage device).

[0019] The determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred is plural. If the determination unit 323a determines that the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred is one or less, the determination unit 323a records the most recent discard rate referenced in the discard status storage device 322 as a low discard rate (a discard rate under normal circumstances) in the low discard status storage device 324.

[0020] When the most recent discard rate is recorded as a low discard rate in the low discard status storage device 324, if the previous low discard rate has already been stored in the low discard status storage device 324 and the most recent discard rate referenced in the discard status storage device 322 is closer to the predetermined discard rate threshold than the previous low discard rate already stored in the low discard status storage device 324, the determination unit 323a overwrites the previous low discard rate stored in the low discard status storage device 324 with the most recent discard rate referenced in the discard status storage device 322. If the previous low discard rate stored in the low discard status storage device 324 is closer to the predetermined discard rate threshold than the most recent discard rate referenced in the discard status storage device 322, the determination unit 323a discards the most recent discard rate referenced in the discard status storage device 322 without recording it in the low discard status storage device 324. The discard rate threshold is, for example, predetermined as an upper limit of the discard rate in a normal state (low discard status).

[0021] When the control unit 325 is instructed by the determination unit 323a to power on the package 31 that transfers the frame, it turns on the power of the package 31. This starts up the package 31. When the control unit 325 is instructed by the determination unit 323a to power off the package 31, it turns off the power of the package 31. This stops the operation of the package 31.

[0022] Next, an example of the operation of the communication device 3a will be described. Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3a in the first embodiment. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates from the packages 31-3 and 31-4 (step S101). The collection unit 321 records the collected discard rates at predetermined intervals in the discard status storage device 322 (step S102).

[0023] The determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate for one or more users exceeds a first threshold (e.g., 50%) (step S103). If it is determined that the discard rate for all users is equal to or less than the first threshold (step S103: NO), the determination unit 323a records the collected discard rate as a low discard rate (discard rate under normal circumstances) in the low discard status storage device 324 (step S104). The communication device 3a returns to step S101.

[0024] If it is determined that the discard rate exceeds the first threshold for one or more users (step S103: YES), the determining unit 323a determines whether the number of users for which frame discards occurred is plural (step S105).If it is determined that the number of users for which frame discards occurred is one or less (step S105: NO), the determining unit 323a proceeds to step S104.

[0025] If it is determined that there are two or more users for whom frames have been discarded (step S105: YES), the determining unit 323a instructs the control unit 325 to turn on the power of the package that transfers the frames (for example, package 31-2) (step S106).The power of the package that transfers the frames is turned on, and the package starts up (step S107).

[0026] The collection unit 321 collects the discard rates from the package 31-3 and the package 31-4 (step S108).The collection unit 321 records the discard rates collected at predetermined intervals in the discard status storage device 322 (step S109).

[0027] The determination unit 323a determines whether the frame discard status becomes a low discard status (normal status) when the power of the package that was most recently powered on is turned off. That is, the determination unit 323a determines whether the most recent discard status has transitioned to a status where package activation is no longer necessary. If the most recent discard status has transitioned to a status where package activation is no longer necessary, traffic can be handled only by the packages 31 that were already active before the package 31 that was most recently powered on was activated.

[0028] For example, the determination unit 323a determines whether the most recent discard status is a low discard status. Specifically, the determination unit 323a determines whether the most recent discard rate (collected data) stored in the discard status storage device 322 is less than the low discard rate (less than normal data) stored in the low discard status storage device 324.

[0029] In other words, the determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate for all users will be equal to or less than the first threshold when the most recently powered-on package is powered off. If it is determined that the discard rate for any user will exceed the first threshold, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users who will discard frames will be equal to or less than 1 when the most recently powered-on package is powered off (step S110).

[0030] If it is determined that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (if it is determined that the discard rate for one or more users exceeds the first threshold value and that the number of users for whom frames will be discarded is more than one) (step S110: NO), the determination unit 323a returns the process to step S103.

[0031] If it is determined that the most recent discard rate is less than the low discard rate (if it is determined that the discard rate for all users is equal to or less than the first threshold, or the number of users causing frame discards is equal to or less than one) (step S110: YES), the determining unit 323a instructs the control unit 325 to turn off the power of the package that was most recently turned on (the package that was most recently started) (step S111). The power of the package that transfers frames is turned off, and the operation of that package 31 is stopped (step S112). The communication device 3a returns to the process of step S101.

[0032] As described above, the collection unit 321 collects the frame discard rate for each user from the package 31-3 and the package 31-4 (each first package) that have the home device 4 for each user under their control.

[0033] The judgment unit 323a determines to turn on the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames, based on the power-on conditions that the discard rate for one or more users exceeds a first threshold value (e.g., 50%) and that the number of users for whom frames have been discarded is multiple.

[0034] In addition, the judgment unit 323a determines to turn off the power of the most recently started package 31-2 (second package) when the power-off condition is that the discard rate for all users is below the first threshold value or the number of users for whom frames are discarded is below one.

[0035] In this way, the power on / off of the package 31 is determined based on the discard rate for each user. Here, the communication device 3a deliberately endures a situation in which frame discarding occurs and frame discarding occurs across multiple users, so that the communication device 3a eliminates the influence of a specific user on a communication device that accommodates a small number of users (a communication device that does not perform statistical operations).

[0036] This makes it possible to reduce the possibility of an increase in power consumption more than necessary. It is possible to suppress the activation of unnecessary packages, and to activate packages only when truly necessary, thereby optimizing the power consumption of the communication system. It is possible to eliminate the activation of unnecessary packages due to the influence of temporary traffic overshoots and the activation of unnecessary packages due to the influence of specific users. It is possible to suppress traffic overflow caused by a shortage of activated packages. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the power saving effect according to traffic.

[0037] In communication devices that perform quality control known as QoS (Quality of Service), frames with the lowest priority (importance) (best-effort service frames) are preferentially discarded. In this case, frames with higher priority (higher-class frames) are less likely to be discarded. Furthermore, since a large proportion of communications use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and discarded frames are also retransmitted, discarding a frame with the lowest priority (lowest-class frame) is unlikely to have a significant impact on user communications.

[0038] In a situation where frame discarding occurs only for a single user (specific user), although traffic is overflowing, the cause of the traffic overflow is that the specific user is using too many communication resources. From the viewpoint of fairness among users, there is little need to rescue the specific user by activating a package. Note that the number of users for which frame discarding occurs before a package is activated may be determined according to the level of communication service.

[0039] Second Embodiment The second embodiment is mainly different from the first embodiment in that it is further determined whether or not the power supply of the package 31 needs to be turned on based on the total waste rate. The second embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

[0040] 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3a in the second embodiment. The operations in each step from step S201 to step S205 are the same as the operations in each step from step S101 to step S105.

[0041] If it is determined that there is more than one user for whom frame discarding has occurred (step S205: YES), the determination unit 323a determines whether the sum of the frame discard rates for the multiple users exceeds a second threshold (e.g., one-third (=33%) of the sum of the frame discard rates for all users in the common package 31) (step S206). If it is determined that the sum is equal to or less than the second threshold (step S206: NO), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S204. If it is determined that the sum exceeds the second threshold (step S206: YES), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S207.

[0042] The operations in steps S207 to S210 are the same as the operations in steps S106 to S109.

[0043] The determination unit 323a determines whether the frame discard status will become a low discard status when the power of the most recently powered-on package is turned off. For example, the determination unit 323a determines whether the most recent discard status is a low discard status. Specifically, the determination unit 323a determines whether the most recent discard rate (collected data) stored in the discard status storage device 322 is less than the low discard rate stored in the low discard status storage device 324 based on a discard rate threshold.

[0044] In other words, the determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate for all users is equal to or less than the first threshold. If it is determined that the discard rate for any user exceeds the first threshold, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users for which frame discarding occurs is equal to or less than 1. If it is determined that the number of users for which frame discarding occurs is not equal to or less than 1, the determination unit 323a determines whether the sum of the frame discard rates for multiple users is equal to or less than the second threshold (step S211).

[0045] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (if the discard rate for one or more users exceeds the first threshold, the number of users for which frame discard occurs is more than one, and the total frame discard rate for the multiple users exceeds the second threshold) (step S211: NO), the judgment unit 323a returns the process to step S203.

[0046] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is less than the low discard rate (if it is determined that the discard rate for all users is less than or equal to the first threshold and the number of users for which frame discard occurs is less than or equal to one, or the total frame discard rate for multiple users is less than or equal to the second threshold) (step S211: YES), the judgment unit 323a instructs the control unit 325 to power off the package that was most recently powered on (the package that was most recently started) (step S212).

[0047] The power supply of the package that transfers the frame is turned off, and the operation of the package 31 is stopped (step S213). The communication device 3a returns the process to step S201.

[0048] As described above, the determination unit 323a determines to turn on the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames, based on the additional condition of the power-on condition that the total frame discard rate for all users exceeds the second threshold (for example, one-third (=33%)).Furthermore, the determination unit 323a determines to turn off the power of the most recently activated package 31-2 (second package), based on the additional condition of the power-off condition that the total frame discard rate for multiple users is equal to or less than the second threshold.

[0049] This can reduce the possibility of the amount of power increasing more than necessary.

[0050] If communication on 1 million lines (10%) of the 10 million lines in a communication system is affected, for example, in a configuration in which 64 users are accommodated per PON, communication on approximately six of those users will be affected. The second threshold is predetermined based on a situation in which communication on approximately half of those users, or three users, is affected. For example, if it is assumed that communication on three users will be affected when the frame discard rate per PON exceeds 50%, if the sum of the frame discard rates for two users exceeds "33% = 50% × 2 / 3," the frame discard rate per PON will exceed 50%. Therefore, the second threshold is set to 33%, for example.

[0051] Third Embodiment The third embodiment is mainly different from the first embodiment in that whether or not the power supply of the package 31 needs to be turned on is determined based on the number of times disposal has occurred. The third embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

[0052] 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3a in the third embodiment. The operations in each step from step S301 to step S305 are the same as the operations in each step from step S101 to step S105.

[0053] If it is determined that there are multiple users for whom frame discarding has occurred (step S305: YES), the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of times that the power-on condition (a condition for which both step S303 and step S305 are "YES") has been consecutively satisfied exceeds a predetermined number of times (e.g., three times) (step S306). If it is determined that the number of times that the condition has been consecutively satisfied is equal to or less than the predetermined number of times (step S306: NO), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S304. If it is determined that the number of times that the condition has been consecutively satisfied exceeds the predetermined number of times (step S306: YES), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S307.

[0054] The operations in steps S307 to S310 are the same as the operations in steps S106 to S109.

[0055] The determination unit 323a determines whether the frame discard status will become a low discard status when the power of the package that was most recently powered on is turned off. In other words, the determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate for all users will be equal to or less than a first threshold. If it is determined that the discard rate for any user exceeds the first threshold, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users for whom frame discard will occur will be equal to or less than one. If it is determined that the number of users for whom frame discard will occur will not be equal to or less than one, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of times the power-on condition is continuously satisfied will be equal to or less than a predetermined number (step S311).

[0056] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (if the discard rate for one or more users exceeds the first threshold, the number of users for whom frames are discarded is more than one, and the number of times the power-on condition is consecutively satisfied exceeds a predetermined number) (step S311: NO), the judgment unit 323a returns the process to step S303.

[0057] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is less than the low discard rate (if it is determined that the discard rate for all users is equal to or less than the first threshold, the number of users for whom frames are discarded is equal to or less than one, or the number of times that the power-on condition is consecutively satisfied is equal to or less than the predetermined number of times) (step S311: YES), the judgment unit 323a instructs the control unit 325 to turn off the power of the package that was most recently turned on (the package that was most recently started) (step S312).

[0058] The power supply of the package that transfers the frame is turned off, and the operation of that package 31 is stopped (step S313). The communication device 3a returns the process to step S301.

[0059] As described above, the determination unit 323a determines that the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) transferring a frame should be turned on when the number of times the power-on condition has been continuously satisfied exceeds a predetermined number (for example, three times), as an additional condition to the power-on condition.Furthermore, the determination unit 323a determines that the power of the most recently started package 31-2 (second package) should be turned off when the number of times the power-on condition has been continuously satisfied falls below the predetermined number, as an additional condition to the power-off condition.

[0060] This can reduce the possibility of the amount of power increasing more than necessary.

[0061] The collection unit 321 collects the discard rate, for example, at 10-minute intervals. To ensure that the frame discard status returns to the normal status (low discard status) within one hour after an impact on communications occurs, the collection unit 321 determines whether the most recent discard status is not the low discard status (normal status) over 30 minutes (10 minutes x 3 times), and then takes a predetermined measure to return the discard status to the normal status (low discard status) within the next 30 minutes. Therefore, the predetermined number of times is set to, for example, 3 times.

[0062] (Fourth Embodiment) The fourth embodiment is mainly different from the first embodiment in that whether or not the power supply of the package needs to be turned on is determined based on the number of users who have discarded the package. The fourth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

[0063] 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3a in the fourth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S401 to step S405 are the same as the operations in each step from step S101 to step S105.

[0064] If it is determined that there is more than one user for whom frame discarding has occurred (step S405: YES), the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred exceeds a third threshold (e.g., four users) (step S406). If it is determined that the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred is equal to or less than the third threshold (step S406: NO), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S404. If it is determined that the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred exceeds the third threshold (step S406: YES), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S407.

[0065] The operations in steps S407 to S410 are the same as the operations in steps S106 to S109.

[0066] The determination unit 323a determines whether the frame discard status will become a low discard status when the power of the package that was most recently powered on is turned off. In other words, the determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate for all users will be equal to or less than a first threshold. If it is determined that the discard rate for any user exceeds the first threshold, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users who will cause frame discards will be equal to or less than one. If it is determined that the number of users who will cause frame discards will not be equal to or less than one, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users who will cause frame discards will be equal to or less than a third threshold (e.g., equal to or less than three) (step S411).

[0067] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (if the discard rate for one or more users exceeds the first threshold, the number of users for which frame discard occurs is more than one, and the number of users for which frame discard occurs exceeds the third threshold) (step S411: NO), the judgment unit 323a returns the process to step S403.

[0068] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is less than the low discard rate (if it is determined that the discard rate for all users is less than the first threshold, the number of users for which frame discard occurs is less than one, or the number of users for which frame discard occurs is less than the third threshold) (step S411: YES), the judgment unit 323a instructs the control unit 325 to turn off the power of the package that was most recently turned on (the package that was most recently started) (step S412).

[0069] The power supply of the package that transfers the frame is turned off, and the operation of that package 31 is stopped (step S413). The communication device 3a returns the process to step S401.

[0070] As described above, the determination unit 323a determines to turn on the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames, when the number of users who have discarded frames exceeds the third threshold (for example, four users), as an additional condition for the power-on condition.Furthermore, the determination unit 323a determines to turn off the power of the most recently activated package 31-2 (second package), when the number of users who have discarded frames falls to or below the third threshold, as an additional condition for the power-off condition.

[0071] This can reduce the possibility of the amount of power increasing more than necessary.

[0072] If communications on 1 million lines (10%) of 10 million lines in a communication system are affected, for example, in a configuration in which 64 users are accommodated per PON, communications on approximately 6 of those users will be affected. The third threshold is predetermined based on the situation before the impact on those 6 users occurs. For example, the third threshold is set to 4 users (4 people), which is less than 6 users.

[0073] Fifth Embodiment The fifth embodiment is mainly different from the first embodiment in that it further determines whether or not the power supply of the package needs to be turned on based on the length of time that the waste generation has continued. The fifth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

[0074] 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3a in the fifth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S501 to step S505 are the same as the operations in each step from step S101 to step S105.

[0075] If it is determined that there are multiple users for whom frame discarding has occurred (step S505: YES), the determination unit 323a determines whether the time (discard duration) during which the power-on condition (a condition for which both step S503 and step S505 are "YES") is continuously satisfied exceeds a predetermined time (e.g., 1,800 seconds) (step S506). If it is determined that the continuously satisfied time is equal to or shorter than the predetermined time (step S506: NO), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S504. If it is determined that the continuously satisfied time exceeds the predetermined time (step S506: YES), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S507.

[0076] The operations in steps S507 to S510 are the same as the operations in steps S106 to S109.

[0077] The determination unit 323a determines whether the frame discard status will become a low discard status when the power of the package that was most recently powered on is turned off. In other words, the determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate for all users will be equal to or less than a first threshold. If it is determined that the discard rate for any user exceeds the first threshold, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users for which frame discard will occur will be equal to or less than one. If it is determined that the number of users for which frame discard will occur will not be equal to or less than one, the determination unit 323a determines whether the time during which the power-on condition is continuously satisfied will be equal to or less than the predetermined time (step S511).

[0078] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (if the discard rate for one or more users exceeds the first threshold, the number of users for whom frames are discarded is more than one, and the time during which the power-on condition is continuously satisfied exceeds the predetermined time) (step S511: NO), the judgment unit 323a returns the process to step S503.

[0079] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is less than the low discard rate (if it is determined that the discard rate for all users is equal to or less than the first threshold, the number of users for which frames are discarded is equal to or less than one, or the time during which the power-on condition is continuously satisfied is equal to or less than the predetermined time) (step S511: YES), the judgment unit 323a instructs the control unit 325 to turn off the power of the package that was most recently turned on (the package that was most recently started) (step S512).

[0080] The power supply of the package that transfers the frame is turned off, and the operation of that package 31 is stopped (step S513). The communication device 3a returns the process to step S501.

[0081] As described above, the determining unit 323a determines to power on the second package when the time during which the power-on condition is continuously satisfied exceeds a predetermined time, which is an additional condition to the power-on condition.Furthermore, the determining unit 323a determines to power off the second package when the time during which the power-on condition is continuously satisfied becomes equal to or shorter than a predetermined time, which is an additional condition to the power-off condition.

[0082] This can reduce the possibility of the amount of power increasing more than necessary.

[0083] The collection unit 321 collects the discard rate, for example, at 10-minute intervals. To ensure that the frame discard status returns to the normal status (low discard status) within one hour after an impact on communications occurs, the collection unit 321 determines whether the most recent discard status is not the low discard status (normal status) over 30 minutes (10 minutes x 3 times), and then takes a predetermined measure to return the discard status to the normal status (low discard status) within the next 30 minutes. Therefore, the predetermined time is set to, for example, 1800 seconds (equivalent to three 10-minute intervals).

[0084] Sixth Embodiment The sixth embodiment is mainly different from the first embodiment in that it further determines whether or not the power supply to the package needs to be turned on based on the type of the discarded frame. The sixth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

[0085] 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3a in the sixth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S601 to step S605 are the same as the operations in each step from step S101 to step S105.

[0086] If it is determined that there is more than one user for whom frames have been discarded (step S605: YES), the determination unit 323a determines whether the type of the discarded frames is a predetermined type. The predetermined type is, for example, a type for which a priority has been set. Examples of types for which a priority has been set include DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) values ​​"AF1 (Assured Forwarding 1)," "AF4 (Assured Forwarding 4)," and "EF (Expedited Forwarding)." Examples of types for which a priority has not been set (types other than the predetermined types) include a DSCP value "BE (Best Effort)." For example, the determination unit 323a determines whether the situation is abnormal, in which frames of a type for which a priority has been set are being discarded, or whether the situation is normal (step S606).

[0087] If the type of the discarded frame is determined to be a type other than a predetermined type (e.g., DSCP value "BE") (step S606: NO), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S604. If the type of the discarded frame is determined to be a predetermined type (e.g., DSCP value "AF1," "AF4," or "EF") (step S606: YES), the determination unit 323a proceeds to step S607.

[0088] The operations in steps S607 to S610 are the same as the operations in steps S106 to S109.

[0089] The determination unit 323a determines whether the frame discard status will become a low discard status when the power of the package that was most recently powered on is turned off. In other words, the determination unit 323a determines whether the discard rate for all users will be equal to or less than a first threshold. If it is determined that the discard rate for any user exceeds the first threshold, the determination unit 323a determines whether the number of users for which frame discard will occur will be equal to or less than 1. If it is determined that the number of users for which frame discard will occur will not be equal to or less than 1, the determination unit 323a determines whether the type of discarded frames is other than a predetermined type (step S611).

[0090] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (if the discard rate for one or more users exceeds the first threshold, the number of users for which frames are discarded is more than one, and the type of discarded frames is determined to be a predetermined type) (step S611: NO), the judgment unit 323a returns the process to step S603.

[0091] If the judgment unit 323a determines that the most recent discard rate is less than the low discard rate (if the discard rate for all users is equal to or less than the first threshold, the number of users for whom frames are discarded is one or less, or the type of discarded frame is determined to be a type other than a predetermined type) (step S611: YES), the judgment unit 323a instructs the control unit 325 to turn off the power of the package that was most recently turned on (the package that was most recently started) (step S612).

[0092] The power supply of the package that transfers the frame is turned off, and the operation of that package 31 is stopped (step S613). The communication device 3a returns the process to step S601.

[0093] As described above, the determination unit 323a determines to power on, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers the frame, with the additional condition of the power-on condition being that the type of the discarded frame is a predetermined type (for example, DSCP value "AF1," "AF4," or "EF"). Also, the determination unit 323a determines to power off the most recently activated package 31-2 (second package), with the additional condition of the power-off condition being that the type of the discarded frame is a type other than the predetermined type (for example, DSCP value "BE").

[0094] This can reduce the possibility of the amount of power increasing more than necessary.

[0095] Seventh Embodiment The seventh embodiment is mainly different from the first to sixth embodiments in that a trained model generated using a machine learning technique is used to estimate or predict whether or not power-on or power-off is necessary based on the frame discard status (for example, the discard rate and the number of discarding users). The seventh embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first to sixth embodiments.

[0096] In the section (access network section) from the user's home device to the package in the communication device, traffic may suddenly increase due to a specific user suddenly downloading a large amount of data. It is difficult to predict such traffic increases. Furthermore, since such increases can have a significant impact on traffic data, it is difficult to determine whether to start or stop a package based on the results of traffic increase / decrease predictions.

[0097] Therefore, in the seventh embodiment, machine learning is performed on the temporal characteristics of the frame discard rate for each user. Based on the learning results for each user, a prediction of an increase or decrease in the frame discard rate and a determination of whether or not to activate a package are made.

[0098] 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system 1b according to the seventh embodiment. The communication system 1b includes a higher-level device 2, a communication device 3b, and one or more in-home devices 4.

[0099] The communication device 3b includes one or more packages 31 and a control device 32b. As an example, the communication device 3b includes four packages 31. As an example, the package 31-3 includes, under its control, home devices 4-1 to 4-64. As an example, the package 31-4 includes, under its control, home devices 4-65 to 4-128. The control device 32b includes a collection unit 321, a disposal status storage device 322, a determination unit 323b, and a control unit 325. The determination unit 323b includes an estimation unit 326.

[0100] In the learning stage of machine learning, a trained model is generated using a machine learning technique. The trained model has, for example, a convolutional neural network. The machine learning technique is, for example, supervised learning. For example, the trained model is generated using backpropagation with past daily frame discard rates (temporal features) as explanatory variables (training data) and whether the package 31 needs to be powered on or off as the objective variable (correct label). The daily frame discard rate is, for example, a frame discard rate (temporal features) by time of day and day of the week.

[0101] In the estimation stage after the learning stage, the estimation unit 326 references the most recent discard rate stored in the discard status storage device 322. The estimation unit 326 acquires the most recent discard rate (reference data) referenced in the discard status storage device 322 from the discard status storage device 322. The estimation unit 326 inputs the referenced most recent discard rate into the trained model. The estimation unit 326 acquires an estimation result of whether or not power-on is necessary from the trained model. The estimation unit 326 may also acquire a prediction result of whether or not power-on will be necessary in the future from the trained model.

[0102] The determination unit 323b acquires the estimation result or prediction result of necessity from the estimation unit 326. Based on the estimation result or prediction result of necessity, the determination unit 323b instructs the control unit 325 as to whether or not it is necessary to turn on the power of the package 31 that transfers the frame.

[0103] Next, an example of the operation of the communication device 3b will be described. Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3b in the seventh embodiment. In the estimation stage after the learning stage, the collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates from the packages 31-3 and 31-4 (step S701). The collection unit 321 records the discard rates collected at predetermined intervals in the discard status storage device 322 (step S702).

[0104] The determination unit 323b instructs the estimation unit 326 to start estimation (step S703). The estimation unit 326 estimates whether the package 31 needs to be powered on based on the most recent discard rate (step S704). The determination unit 323b acquires the estimation result of whether the package 31 needs to be powered on from the estimation unit 326 (step S705). If it is estimated that the package 31 does not need to be powered on (step S705: NO), the communication device 3b returns the process to step S701.

[0105] If it is estimated that the package 31 needs to be powered on (step S705: YES), the determining unit 323b instructs the control unit 325 to power on the package 31 that transfers the frame (step S706).

[0106] The operations in steps S706 to S708 are the same as the operations in steps S106 to S108.

[0107] The determination unit 323b instructs the estimation unit 326 to start estimation (step S709). The estimation unit 326 determines whether or not it is necessary to power off the package 31 based on the most recent discard rate (step S710). The determination unit 323b acquires the estimation result of whether or not it is necessary to power off the package 31 from the estimation unit 326 (step S711). If it is estimated that it is not necessary to power off the package 31 (step S711: power off not necessary), the communication device 3b returns the process to step S708.

[0108] If it is estimated that the additional package 31 needs to be powered on (step S711: power on required), the communication device 3b returns the process to step S706 to power on the additional package 31. If it is estimated that the package 31 needs to be powered off (step S711: power off required), the determination unit 323b instructs the control unit 325 to power off the package that was most recently powered on (the package that was most recently started) (step S712).

[0109] The power supply of the package that transfers the frame is turned off, and the operation of that package 31 is stopped (step S713). The communication device 3b returns the process to step S701.

[0110] As described above, the estimation unit 326 determines, based on the most recent discard rate, whether or not it is necessary to power on the package 31. If it is estimated that it is necessary to power on the package 31, the determination unit 323b instructs the control unit 325 to power on the package 31 that transfers the frame.

[0111] The estimation unit 326 determines, based on the most recent discard rate, whether or not it is necessary to power off the package 31. If it is estimated that it is necessary to power off the package 31, the determination unit 323b instructs the control unit 325 to power off the package that was most recently powered on.

[0112] In the estimation process by the estimation unit 326 using a learned model, the influence of a single user (specific user) is unlikely to increase in a communication device that can accommodate a small number of users (a communication device that does not perform statistical operations), and the statistical estimation accuracy is unlikely to decrease, so the traffic prediction accuracy is unlikely to decrease.

[0113] This can reduce the possibility of the amount of power increasing more than necessary.

[0114] In each of the first to seventh embodiments, the collection unit 321 collects frame discard status information for each user from the packages 31-3 and 31-4 for all home devices 4 (home devices 4-1 to 4-128). In the first embodiment, for example, the frame discard status information is the frame discard rate. In the third embodiment, for example, the frame discard status information is the frame discard rate and the number of times frame discards have occurred.

[0115] If the determination of whether to power on the package 31 is delayed, the discarding of communication frames from the in-home device 4 will continue for the duration of the delay. Therefore, the collection unit 321 frequently collects frame discard status information so that the discarding of communication frames from the in-home device 4 will not continue. For this reason, in each of the first to seventh embodiments, the collection unit 321 periodically and frequently collects frame discard status information for all of the in-home devices 4. As a result, in each of the first to seventh embodiments, the processing load and power consumption of a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) will increase.

[0116] In order to avoid an increase in the processing load and power consumption, it is possible to limit the in-home devices 4 that are the targets for collecting frame discard status information. However, adding a new function to the communication system solely for limiting the target in-home devices 4 would further increase the processing load and power consumption. Therefore, in the following, processing that is essential for the in-home devices 4 to communicate with the communication device is diverted to limit the target in-home devices 4. This prevents a further increase in the processing load and power consumption.

[0117] Eighth Embodiment The eighth embodiment is mainly different from the first embodiment in that the in-home devices 4 that are the targets for collecting frame discard status information are limited. The eighth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

[0118] 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system 1c according to the eighth embodiment. The communication system 1c includes a higher-level device 2, a communication device 3c, and one or more in-home devices 4.

[0119] The communication device 3c includes one or more packages 31 and a control device 32c. As an example, the communication device 3c includes four packages 31. As an example, the package 31-3 includes, under its control, in-home devices 4-1 to 4-64. As an example, the package 31-4 includes, under its control, in-home devices 4-65 to 4-128. The control device 32c includes a collection unit 321, a disposal status storage device 322, a determination unit 323c, a low disposal status storage device 324, a control unit 325, an identification unit 327, and a target information storage device 328.

[0120] When the in-home device 4 transmits a frame to the communication device 3c via upstream transmission, the in-home device 4 transmits a transmission request (a REPORT message for requesting permission to transmit the frame) to the communication device 3c in advance. This process is essential for the in-home device 4 and the communication device 3c to communicate with the communication device 3c in the communication system 1c.

[0121] The identification unit 327 utilizes this required processing to identify an in-home device 4 (user) for which the frame discard rate is to be collected. For example, the identification unit 327 acquires, at a predetermined period (e.g., every one second), identification information (e.g., user ID) of an in-home device 4 for which the number of transmission requests exceeds a fourth threshold from the package 31 that controls the in-home device 4. The fourth threshold is determined in advance. The fourth threshold may be a threshold (e.g., 1,000 times) that is compared with the number of frame transmission requests, a threshold that is compared with the amount of data requested by the in-home device 4 for frame transmission (the amount of data for which the in-home device 4 requested transmission permission), or a threshold that is compared with the amount of data of frames transmitted by the in-home device 4 over a predetermined period. The identification unit 327 records the identification information of the in-home device 4 in the target information storage device 328.

[0122] The identification unit 327 may identify the identification information of the network assigned to the identified in-home device 4 (user) based on the association between the identification information of the in-home device 4 and the identification information of the network. The network identification information is, for example, a Virtual Local Area Network IDentifier (VLAN-ID). The identification unit 327 may record the identification information of the network assigned to the identified in-home device 4 in the target information storage device 328.

[0123] The target information storage device 328 stores the identification information of the specified in-home device 4 as the identification information of the in-home device 4 targeted for collection of the frame discard rate. The target information storage device 328 may also store the identification information of the network assigned to the specified in-home device 4 as the identification information of the in-home device 4 targeted for collection of the frame discard rate.

[0124] The collection unit 321 acquires, from the target information storage device 328, identification information of the identified in-home device 4 as identification information of the target in-home device 4. The collection unit 321 may also acquire, from the target information storage device 328, identification information of the network assigned to the identified in-home device 4 as identification information of the target in-home device 4.

[0125] The collection unit 321 collects the frame discard rate only for the identified in-home device 4 (target in-home device 4). That is, the collection unit 321 collects the frame discard rate only for the identified in-home device 4 from the package 31 that has the identified in-home device 4 under its control.

[0126] Next, an operation example of the communication device 3c will be described. Fig. 11 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the communication device 3c in the eighth embodiment. The identification unit 327 detects, for all of the in-home devices 4, the number of transmission requests (the number of transmissions of REPORT messages) that the in-home devices 4 transmit in advance to the communication device 3c when the in-home devices 4 transmit frames to the communication device 3c (step S801).

[0127] The identifying unit 327 determines whether or not there is an in-home device 4 whose number of transmission requests exceeds the fourth threshold (step S802). If it is determined that there is no in-home device 4 whose number of transmission requests exceeds the fourth threshold (step S802: NO), the identifying unit 327 returns the process to step S801 after, for example, one second has elapsed.

[0128] If it is determined that an in-home device 4 whose number of transmission requests exceeds the fourth threshold exists (step S802: YES), the identifying unit 327 identifies the in-home device 4 (user) whose number of transmission requests exceeds the fourth threshold. The identifying unit 327 records identification information of the identified in-home device 4 in the target information storage device 328 (step S803). The collecting unit 321 collects frame discard rates limited to the identified in-home device 4 (user) (step S804).

[0129] The operations in each step from step S805 to step S815 are the same as the operations in each step from step S102 to step S112. Here, the communication device 3c that executed step S807 returns the process to step S801. If it is determined in step S813 that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (step S813: NO), the determination unit 323c returns the process to step S801. Also, the communication device 3c that executed step S815 returns the process to step S801.

[0130] As described above, the identification unit 327 identifies users (e.g., identification information, VLAN-ID, and user ID of the in-home device 4) whose number of frame transmission requests exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates (frame discard rates) for only the identified users. The determination unit 323c determines whether to power on package 31-2 (second package) or to power off package 31-2, based on the frame discard rates collected for only the identified users.

[0131] For example, the determination unit 323c may set the power-on conditions as being that the discard rate for one or more users exceeds a first threshold value (e.g., 50%) and that there are multiple users for whom frame discarding has occurred, and when the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames is turned on, the determination unit 323c may make a determination based on the frame discard rate collected only for the identified users.

[0132] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine whether to turn off the power of the most recently launched package 31-2 (second package) based on the frame discard rate collected only for the identified user, with the power-off condition being that the discard rate for all users is below a first threshold value or that the number of users for whom frames are discarded is below one.

[0133] In this way, the communication system reuses the processing required for communication execution without adding a new function to the communication system for determining whether or not a package needs to be activated. That is, the collection unit 321 collects the frame discard rate only for home appliances 4 (users) for which the number of transmission requests transmitted from the home appliances 4 to the package 31 exceeds a fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 may collect the frame discard rate only for home appliances 4 for which the amount of data requested by the home appliances 4 for frame transmission exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 may collect the frame discard rate only for home appliances 4 for which the amount of data of frames transmitted by the home appliances 4 during a predetermined period exceeds the fourth threshold.

[0134] This makes it possible to suppress an increase in processing load and reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in power consumption, compared to when the collection unit 321 collects discard rates based on frame counter values ​​assigned to frames for all subordinate indoor devices 4. Furthermore, because the necessity of activating the package 31 is determined with low latency (high frequency), it is possible to reduce the possibility of continuous discarding of communication frames from the indoor devices 4.

[0135] Ninth Embodiment The ninth embodiment is mainly different from the second embodiment in that the in-home devices 4 that are the targets for collecting frame discard status information are limited. The ninth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the second embodiment.

[0136] 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3c in the ninth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S901 to step S904 are the same as the operations in each step from step S801 to step S804.

[0137] The operations in each step from step S905 to step S816 are the same as the operations in each step from step S202 to step S213. Here, the communication device 3c that executed step S907 returns the process to step S901. If it is determined in step S914 that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (step S914: NO), the determination unit 323c returns the process to step S901. Also, the communication device 3c that executed step S916 returns the process to step S901.

[0138] As described above, the identification unit 327 identifies users whose frame transmission request count exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates (frame discard rates) for only the identified users. The determination unit 323c determines whether to power on package 31-2 (second package) or power off package 31-2, based on the frame discard rates collected for only the identified users.

[0139] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine that the sum of the frame discard rates for all users exceeds a second threshold (for example, one-third (=33%)) as an additional condition for the power-on condition, and when the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames is turned on, based on the frame discard rate collected only for the specified user.

[0140] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine, based on the frame discard rate collected only for a specified user, that when the power of the most recently launched package 31-2 (second package) is turned off, the sum of the frame discard rates for multiple users is equal to or less than a second threshold value as an additional condition for the power-off condition.

[0141] This makes it possible to suppress an increase in processing load and reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in power consumption.

[0142] Tenth Embodiment The tenth embodiment is mainly different from the third embodiment in that the in-home devices 4 that are the targets for collecting frame discard status information are limited. The tenth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the third embodiment.

[0143] 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3c in the tenth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S1001 to step S1004 are the same as the operations in each step from step S801 to step S804.

[0144] The operations in each step from step S1005 to step S1016 are the same as the operations in each step from step S302 to step S313. Here, the communication device 3c that executed step S1007 returns the process to step S1001. If it is determined in step S1014 that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (step S1014: NO), the determination unit 323c returns the process to step S1001. Also, the communication device 3c that executed step S1016 returns the process to step S1001.

[0145] As described above, the identification unit 327 identifies users whose frame transmission request count exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates (frame discard rates) for only the identified users. The determination unit 323c determines whether to power on package 31-2 (second package) or power off package 31-2, based on the frame discard rates collected for only the identified users.

[0146] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine, as an additional condition to the power-on condition, that the number of times the power-on condition has been consecutively satisfied exceeds a predetermined number of times (e.g., three times), based on the frame discard rate collected only for a specified user when the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames is turned on.

[0147] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine, based on the frame discard rate collected only for a specified user, that when the power-on condition is consecutively satisfied, the number of times that the power-on condition is satisfied falls below a predetermined number of times, as an additional condition to the power-off condition, the power of the most recently activated package 31-2 (second package) is turned off.

[0148] This makes it possible to suppress an increase in processing load and reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in power consumption.

[0149] Eleventh Embodiment The eleventh embodiment is mainly different from the fourth embodiment in that the in-home devices 4 that are the targets for collecting frame discard status information are limited. The eleventh embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the fourth embodiment.

[0150] 14 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3c in the 11th embodiment. The operations in each step from step S1101 to step S1104 are the same as the operations in each step from step S801 to step S804.

[0151] The operations in each step from step S1105 to step S1116 are the same as the operations in each step from step S402 to step S413. Here, the communication device 3c that executed step S1107 returns the process to step S1101. If it is determined in step S1114 that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (step S1114: NO), the determination unit 323c returns the process to step S1101. Also, the communication device 3c that executed step S1116 returns the process to step S1101.

[0152] As described above, the identification unit 327 identifies users whose frame transmission request count exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates (frame discard rates) for only the identified users. The determination unit 323c determines whether to power on package 31-2 (second package) or power off package 31-2, based on the frame discard rates collected for only the identified users.

[0153] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine that the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred exceeds a third threshold (for example, 4 users in a configuration accommodating 64 users) as an additional condition for power-on, and when the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames is turned on, based on the frame discard rate collected only for the identified users.

[0154] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine, based on the frame discard rate collected only for identified users, that the number of users for whom frame discarding occurs is equal to or less than a third threshold value as an additional condition for the power-off condition, that the power of the most recently launched package 31-2 (second package) is turned off.

[0155] This makes it possible to suppress an increase in processing load and reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in power consumption.

[0156] Twelfth Embodiment A twelfth embodiment differs from the fifth embodiment mainly in that the in-home devices 4 that are targets for collecting frame discard status information are limited. The twelfth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the fifth embodiment.

[0157] 15 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3c in the twelfth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S1201 to step S1204 are the same as the operations in each step from step S801 to step S804.

[0158] The operations in each step from step S1205 to step S1216 are the same as the operations in each step from step S502 to step S513. Here, the communication device 3c that executed step S1207 returns the process to step S1201. If it is determined in step S1214 that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (step S1214: NO), the determination unit 323c returns the process to step S1201. Also, the communication device 3c that executed step S1216 returns the process to step S1201.

[0159] As described above, the identification unit 327 identifies users whose frame transmission request count exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates (frame discard rates) for only the identified users. The determination unit 323c determines whether to power on package 31-2 (second package) or power off package 31-2, based on the frame discard rates collected for only the identified users.

[0160] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine, as an additional condition to the power-on condition, that the time during which the power-on condition is continuously satisfied exceeds a predetermined time, based on the frame discard rate collected only for the specified user when the power of package 31-2 is turned on.

[0161] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine, based on the frame discard rate collected only for a specified user, that when the power-on condition is continuously satisfied, the time period during which the power-on condition is met becomes less than a predetermined time period as an additional condition to the power-off condition, the power of package 31-2 is turned off.

[0162] This makes it possible to suppress an increase in processing load and reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in power consumption.

[0163] The thirteenth embodiment is mainly different from the sixth embodiment in that the in-home devices 4 that are the targets for collecting frame discard status information are limited. The thirteenth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the sixth embodiment.

[0164] 16 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3c in the thirteenth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S1301 to step S1304 are the same as the operations in each step from step S801 to step S804.

[0165] The operations in each step from step S1305 to step S1316 are the same as the operations in each step from step S602 to step S613. Here, the communication device 3c that executed step S1307 returns the process to step S1301. If it is determined in step S1314 that the most recent discard rate is equal to or higher than the low discard rate (step S1314: NO), the determination unit 323c returns the process to step S1301. Also, the communication device 3c that executed step S1316 returns the process to step S1301.

[0166] As described above, the identification unit 327 identifies users whose frame transmission request count exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates (frame discard rates) for only the identified users. The determination unit 323c determines whether to power on package 31-2 (second package) or power off package 31-2, based on the frame discard rates collected for only the identified users.

[0167] For example, the determination unit 323c may make a determination based on the frame discard rate collected only for a specified user when the power of, for example, package 31-2 (second package) that transfers frames is turned on, with the additional condition of the power-on condition being that the type of discarded frame is a predetermined type (for example, DSCP value "AF1," "AF4," or "EF").

[0168] For example, the judgment unit 323c may determine whether to turn off the power of the most recently launched package 31-2 (second package) based on the frame discard rate collected only for the specified user, with the additional condition of the power-off condition being that the type of discarded frame is a type other than a specified type (for example, DSCP value "BE").

[0169] This makes it possible to suppress an increase in processing load and reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in power consumption.

[0170] Fourteenth Embodiment The fourteenth embodiment is mainly different from the seventh embodiment in that the in-home devices 4 that are the targets for collecting frame discard status information are limited. The fourteenth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the seventh embodiment.

[0171] 17 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication system 1d according to the fourteenth embodiment. The communication system 1d includes a higher-level device 2, a communication device 3d, and one or more in-home devices 4.

[0172] The communication device 3d includes one or more packages 31 and a control device 32d. The communication device 3d includes, as an example, four packages 31. The package 31-3 includes, as an example, home devices 4-1 to 4-64. The package 31-4 includes, as an example, home devices 4-65 to 4-128. The control device 32d includes a collection unit 321, a disposal status storage device 322, a determination unit 323d, a control unit 325, an identification unit 327, and a target information storage device 328. The determination unit 323d includes an estimation unit 326.

[0173] The identification unit 327 utilizes processing essential for the communication system 1c to execute communication to identify an in-home device 4 from which the frame discard rate is to be collected. The collection unit 321 collects the frame discard rate only for the identified in-home device 4. That is, the collection unit 321 collects the frame discard rate only for the identified in-home device 4 or network from the package 31 that has the identified in-home device 4 under its control.

[0174] Next, an example of the operation of the communication device 3d will be described. Fig. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the communication device 3d in the fourteenth embodiment. The operations in each step from step S1401 to step S1404 are the same as the operations in each step from step S801 to step S804. Here, if it is determined in step S1402 that there is no in-home device 4 whose number of transmission requests exceeds the fourth threshold (step S1402: NO), the identification unit 327 returns the process to step S1401 after, for example, one second has elapsed.

[0175] The operations in each step from step S1405 to step S1416 are the same as the operations in each step from step S702 to step S713. Here, if it is estimated in step S1408 that powering on of the package 31 is not necessary (step S1408: NO), the communication device 3d returns the process to step S1401. If it is estimated in step S1414 that powering off of the package 31 is not necessary (step S1414: power off not necessary), the communication device 3d returns the process to step S1401. If it is estimated in step S1414 that powering on of the additional package 31 is necessary (step S1414: power on required), the communication device 3d returns the process to step S1409 to power on the additional package 31. After executing step S1416, the communication device 3d returns the process to step S1401.

[0176] As described above, the identification unit 327 identifies users whose frame transmission request count exceeds the fourth threshold. The collection unit 321 collects frame discard rates (frame discard rates) for only the identified users. The determination unit 323d determines whether to power on package 31-2 (second package) or power off package 31-2, based on the frame discard rates collected for only the identified users.

[0177] The estimation unit 326 may determine whether or not it is necessary to power on the package 31 based on the most recent frame discard rate collected only for the specified user. If it is estimated that it is necessary to power on the package 31, the determination unit 323d instructs the control unit 325 to power on the package 31 that transfers frames.

[0178] The estimation unit 326 may determine whether or not it is necessary to power off the package 31 based on the most recent frame discard rate collected only for the specified user. If it is estimated that it is necessary to power off the package 31, the determination unit 323d instructs the control unit 325 to power off the package that was most recently powered on.

[0179] In the estimation process by the estimation unit 326 using a learned model, the influence of a single user (specific user) is unlikely to increase in a communication device that can accommodate a small number of users (a communication device that does not perform statistical operations), and the statistical estimation accuracy is unlikely to decrease, so the traffic prediction accuracy is unlikely to decrease.

[0180] This makes it possible to suppress an increase in processing load and reduce the possibility of an unnecessary increase in power consumption.

[0181] (Hardware Configuration) Fig. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a communication device in each embodiment. The example of the hardware configuration of the communication device 3 corresponds to the example of the hardware configuration of the communication device in each embodiment.

[0182] The determination unit provided in the device of the present invention can also be realized by a computer and a program, and the program can be recorded on a recording medium or provided via a network.

[0183] The communication device 3 is realized as software by a processor 101 such as a CPU executing a program stored in a storage device 103 having a non-volatile recording medium (non-transitory recording medium) and a memory 102. The program may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. Examples of computer-readable recording media include portable media such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), and non-transitory recording media such as a hard disk or a solid state drive (SSD) built into a computer system. The communication unit 104 executes predetermined communication processing.

[0184] The communication device 3 may be realized using hardware (accelerator) including an electronic circuit (electronic circuit or circuitry) using, for example, an LSI (Large Scale Integrated circuit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

[0185] The above embodiments may be combined.

[0186] (Additional Note) One aspect of the present invention is a communications device comprising: a collection unit that collects, for each user, a frame discard rate from each first package that has a home device for each user under its control; and a determination unit that determines to turn on the power of a second package that transfers the frames, with a power-on condition that the discard rate for one or more of the users exceeds a first threshold and that the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred is more than one; and that determines to turn off the power of the second package, with a power-off condition that the discard rate for all of the users becomes equal to or less than the first threshold or that the number of users for whom frame discarding has occurred becomes equal to or less than one.

[0187] Although an embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and includes designs within the scope of the gist of the present invention.

[0188] The present invention is applicable to communication systems.

[0189] 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d...communication system, 2...higher-level device, 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d...communication device, 4...in-home device, 31...package, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d...control device, 321...collection unit, 322...disposal status storage device, 323a, 323b, 323c, 323d...determination unit, 324...low-disposal status storage device, 325...control unit, 326...estimation unit, 327...identification unit, 328...target information storage device

Claims

1. A communication device comprising: a collection unit that collects, for each user, the frame discard rate from each first package having in-house devices under its control; and a determination unit that determines to turn on the power of a second package that transfers the frame when the discard rate exceeds a first threshold for one or more of the users and the number of users in which the frame discard has occurred is plural as a power-on condition, and determines to turn off the power of the second package when the discard rate is equal to or less than the first threshold for all of the users or the number of users in which the frame discard has occurred is one or less as a power-off condition.

2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit determines to turn on the power of the second package when the sum of the discard rates for a plurality of the users exceeds a second threshold, the number of times the power-on condition has been continuously satisfied exceeds a predetermined number of times, the number of users in which the frame discard has occurred exceeds a third threshold, the time during which the power-on condition has been continuously satisfied exceeds a predetermined time, or the type of the discarded frame is a predetermined type, as an additional condition for the power-on condition.

3. The communication device according to claim 2, wherein the determination unit determines to turn off the power of the second package when the sum is equal to or less than the second threshold, the number of times is equal to or less than the predetermined number of times, the number of users in which the frame discard has occurred is equal to or less than the third threshold, the time is equal to or less than the predetermined time, or the type of the discarded frame is a type other than the predetermined type, as an additional condition for the power-off condition.

4. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an identification unit that identifies a user for whom at least one of the number of transmission requests for the frame, the amount of data requested by the in-house device for transmission of the frame, and the amount of data of the frame transmitted by the in-house device in a predetermined period exceeds a fourth threshold, wherein the collection unit collects the frame discard rate only for the identified user, and the determination unit determines to turn on the power of the second package and to turn off the power of the second package based on the frame discard rate collected only for the identified user.

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