Techniques for performing random access channel (RACK) procedures in non-anchor cells
Carrier and BWP switching techniques enhance RACH procedures in non-anchor cells by transitioning to alternative cells and optimizing network energy, addressing issues of interference and coverage in non-anchor cells to improve system access and capacity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/073764
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Wireless communications systems face challenges in performing random access channel (RACH) procedures in non-anchor cells due to issues such as RF interference, poor signal quality, and weak coverage, which can lead to failed RACH attempts and inefficiencies in network energy usage.
Implement carrier switching and uplink bandwidth part (BWP) switching techniques to transition from a failed RACH procedure in a non-anchor cell to an anchor or another non-anchor cell, and indicate UE capability for non-anchor cell operation to facilitate load balancing.
Reduces latency and increases the capacity for RACH procedures by enabling RACH completion in alternative cells, optimizing network energy usage, and improving overall system access.
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Figure CN2024073764_31072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNIQUES FOR PERFORMING RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL (RACH) PROCEDURES IN NON-ANCHOR CELLS
[0001] INTRODUCTION
[0002] Field of the Disclosure
[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for performing random access channel (RACH) procedures in non-anchor cells.
[0004] Description of Related Art
[0005] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0006] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0007] One aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes transmitting, on a first non-anchor carrier associated with a first non-anchor cell of a network entity, a first random access signal to initiate a first random access channel (RACH) procedure in the first non-anchor cell; and based on failure of the first RACH procedure to successfully complete within a time duration after transmission of the first random access signal, transmitting, on an anchor carrier associated with an anchor cell of the network entity or a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell of the network entity, a second random access signal, to initiate a second RACH procedure in the anchor cell or the second non-anchor cell.
[0008] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes receiving a configuration of one or more RACH occasions, wherein the one or more RACH occasions are not configured for an active uplink bandwidth part (BWP) of the apparatus, wherein the active uplink BWP is a first uplink BWP of a non-anchor cell of a network entity; based on the one or more RACH occasions not being configured for the active uplink BWP, switching the active uplink BWP of the apparatus from the first uplink BWP to a second uplink BWP, wherein the second uplink BWP comprises: another uplink BWP of the non-anchor cell; or an initial uplink BWP of an anchor cell of the network entity; and performing a RACH procedure using the second uplink BWP as the active uplink BWP for the apparatus.
[0009] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communications by an apparatus. The method includes performing a RACH procedure in an anchor cell of a network entity; and transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0010] Other aspects provide: one or more apparatuses operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that instructions may be included in only one computer-readable medium or in a distributed fashion across multiple computer-readable media, such that instructions may be executed by only one processor or by multiple processors in a distributed fashion, such that each apparatus of the one or more apparatuses may include one processor or multiple processors, and / or such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that code may be stored in only one computer-readable medium or across computer-readable media in a distributed fashion) ; and / or one or more apparatuses comprising one or more means for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance would be by only one apparatus or by multiple apparatuses in a distributed fashion) . By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks. An apparatus may comprise one or more memories; and one or more processors configured to cause the apparatus to perform any portion of any method described herein. In some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software.
[0011] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0012] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0014] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0015] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment (UE) .
[0016] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0017] FIG. 5A depicts an example wireless communications network that supports multi-carrier operation.
[0018] FIG. 5B depicts example anchor and non-anchor cells in a multi-carrier operation.
[0019] FIG. 6 depicts example configurations that may be supported by anchor and non-anchor carriers in a multi-carrier implementation.
[0020] FIG. 7A is an example process flow diagram depicting an example four-step random access procedure performed between a UE and a network entity in an anchor cell or a non-anchor cell.
[0021] FIG. 7B is an example process flow diagram depicting an example two-step random access procedure performed between a UE and a network entity in an anchor cell or a non-anchor cell.
[0022] FIG. 8 depicts a process flow for communications in a network between a network entity and a UE for carrier switching.
[0023] FIGS. 9A and 9B depict process flows for communications in a network between a network entity and a UE for indicating a capability of the UE to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0024] FIG. 10 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0025] FIG. 11 depicts another method for wireless communications.
[0026] FIG. 12 depicts another method for wireless communications.
[0027] FIG. 13 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for performing random access channel (RACH) procedures in non-anchor cells.
[0029] A RACH procedure is a process, initiated between a user equipment (UE) , in an idle state, and a network entity, that is used by the UE to obtain initial access to a radio access network (RAN) and request radio resources required for wireless communications. As used herein, an idle state (also referred to as an “idle mode, ” “radio resource control (RRC) idle mode, ” and / or “RRC idle state” ) of the UE refers to an RRC state of the UE where the UE is not connected, or in other words, does not have an established RRC connection with a network entity or other network node. When a RACH procedure is completed, a UE may transition to a connected state (also referred to as a “connected mode, ” “RRC connected mode, ” and / or “RRC connected state” ) and continue communication with the network entity.
[0030] A UE may perform a RACH procedure with a network entity using a single carrier at the network entity, where the network entity may be configured with one or more carriers (e.g., corresponding to different frequencies) . Specifically, in some cases, to improve system access and data transmission capacity beyond that offered by a single carrier at a network entity, a multiple carrier (multi-carrier) operation may be supported. For example, a network entity may provide communications coverage for a coverage area referred to as a cell, and use a carrier for communications with UEs in the cell. Different carriers may have different propagation properties, and thus may cover different coverage areas, such that the same network entity, when using different carriers for communications, may provide different coverage areas or cells.
[0031] The network entity may use an anchor carrier for communications with UEs in an anchor cell. Further, such as to increase capacity, the network entity may support additional carriers, referred to as “non-anchor carriers, ” for communications with UEs in non-anchor cells (e.g., which may overlap with the anchor cell) .
[0032] In some cases, such as to help increase the overall capacity for random access, the anchor carrier, as well as one or more of the non-anchor carriers may be used by UEs and the network entity to perform RACH procedures. For example, the network entity and a UE may utilize at least one non-anchor carrier in a non-anchor cell to communicate one or more RACH messages (also referred to as RACH transmissions) as part of a RACH procedure for initial access. Providing support for RACH procedures in non-anchor cell (s) , in addition to an anchor cell, may help to alleviate the number of RACH procedures being performed via the anchor carrier, especially in cases where a massive number of devices are supported at the network entity, thereby enabling more opportunities for efficient establishment of a connection between the UE and the RAN. Further, because non-anchor cells may support on-demand RACH signaling where the network entity provides signaling using the non-anchor carrier only based on some instruction and / or request, network energy savings (NES) may be realized.
[0033] It should be noted that performing RACH in a particular cell may refer to using a carrier associated with that cell for communicating RACH messages between a UE and a network entity. For example, performing RACH in an anchor cell may refer to using an anchor carrier associated with the anchor cell for communicating RACH messages between a UE and a network entity. In another example, performing RACH in a non- anchor cell may refer to using a non-anchor carrier associated with the non-anchor cell for communicating RACH messages between a UE and a network entity.
[0034] While the ability to perform RACH in non-anchor cell (s) , in addition to an anchor cell, may be advantageous for the reasons described above, supporting RACH procedures in non-anchor cell (s) may result in additional issues that may need to be addressed. For example, in some cases, RACH procedures performed in a non-anchor cell may fail due to radio frequency (RF) interference, poor signal quality, and / or weak coverage in the non-anchor cell, among other reasons. Further, to perform RACH in a non-anchor cell, a UE may need to be configured with one or more RACH occasions corresponding to one or more resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) available for transmitting RACH transmission (s) during a RACH procedure. However, in some cases, RACH occasion (s) may not be configured for an uplink bandwidth part (BWP) of the non-anchor cell activated for use by the UE. Specifically, to save power at a UE, only one uplink BWP may be activated in the non-anchor cell for the UE at a time, and the activated uplink BWP may not include any configured RACH occasions for performing a RACH procedure.
[0035] Accordingly, aspects described herein provide RACH procedure improvements in non-anchor cells, such as to deal with such scenarios. In particular, aspects described herein introduce techniques for carrier switching and / or BWP switching for RACH procedures.
[0036] Carrier switching techniques described herein may be used when a RACH procedure initiated between a UE and a network entity using a non-anchor carrier associated with a non-anchor cell of the network entity fails. Carrier switching may include switching from performing the failed RACH procedure in the non-anchor cell of the network entity to performing another RACH procedure in (1) an anchor cell of the network entity or (2) another non-anchor cell of the network entity to establish an RRC connection.
[0037] BWP switching techniques described herein may be used when RACH occasions are not configured for an active uplink BWP of a UE. BWP switching may include switching an active uplink BWP for the UE from a first uplink BWP to a second uplink BWP based on the first uplink BWP not including any RACH occasions for performing a RACH procedure. In some cases, the active uplink BWP for the UE, not including any RACH occasions (e.g., the first uplink BWP) , is an active uplink BWP of a non-anchor cell of a network entity. In this case, the UE may switch the active uplink BWP of the UE to another uplink BWP of the same non-anchor cell (e.g., a first option for the second uplink BWP) or to an initial uplink BWP of an anchor cell of the network entity (e.g., second option for the second uplink BWP) and perform a RACH procedure using the newly-activated uplink BWP.
[0038] Carrier switching techniques may help to reduce the latency for access associated with RACH procedures. For example, carrier switching may enable a UE to switch from performing a RACH procedure in a non-anchor cell to performing a RACH procedure in an anchor cell or another non-anchor cell when an amount of time it takes to successfully complete the RACH procedure in the non-anchor cell is significant (e.g., above a desired threshold amount of time for performing a RACH procedure) . Further, BWP switching techniques provide UEs with an alternative solution to performing a RACH procedure when RACH occasions are not configured for an active uplink BWP of the UE. As such, a UE may continue to use such non-anchor cells for performing RACH procedures (e.g., which may help increase the overall capacity for random access) .
[0039] Further, certain aspects described herein provide techniques for indicating, to a network entity, a capability of the UE to support non-anchor cell operation. The network entity may use this information to perform load balancing between an anchor cell and one or more non-anchor cells. For example, the network entity may schedule some communications (e.g., uplink and / or downlink communications) to occur between the UE and the network entity using one or more non-anchor carrier in one or more non-anchor cells, to alleviate traffic in the anchor cell using the anchor carrier.
[0040] Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0041] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and / or other generations of wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0042] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0043] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . As such communications devices are part of wireless communications network 100, and facilitate wireless communications, such communications devices may be referred to as wireless communications devices. For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects (also referred to herein as non-terrestrial network entities) , such as satellite 140 and / or aerial or spaceborne platform (s) , which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and UEs.
[0044] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0045] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, data centers, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0046] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0047] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0048] Generally, a cell may refer to a portion, partition, or segment of wireless communication coverage served by a network entity within a wireless communication network. A cell may have geographic characteristics, such as a geographic coverage area, as well as radio frequency characteristics, such as time and / or frequency resources dedicated to the cell. For example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by multiple cells employing different frequency resources (e.g., bandwidth parts) and / or different time resources. As another example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by a single cell. In some contexts (e.g., a carrier aggregation scenario and / or multi-connectivity scenario) , the terms “cell” or “serving cell” may refer to or correspond to a specific carrier frequency (e.g., a component carrier) used for wireless communications, and a “cell group” may refer to or correspond to multiple carriers used for wireless communications. As examples, in a carrier aggregation scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple (serving) cells in the same cell group, and in a multi-connectivity (e.g., dual connectivity) scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple cell groups.
[0049] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0050] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0051] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24, 250 MHz –71,000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24, 250 MHz –52, 600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52, 600 MHz –71,000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0052] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0053] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182’. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182” . UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182” . BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182’. BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0054] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0055] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0056] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0057] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0058] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0059] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0060] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0061] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0062] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0063] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0064] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0065] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0066] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0067] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0068] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more DUs 230 and / or one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0069] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0070] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0071] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0072] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 318, 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 314) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications. Note that the BS 102 may have a disaggregated architecture as described herein with respect to FIG. 2.
[0073] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, 370, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0074] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0075] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0076] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0077] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0078] RX MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0079] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0080] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a RX MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 314 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0081] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0082] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0083] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0084] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0085] In some aspects, a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0086] In various aspects, artificial intelligence (AI) processors 318 and 370 may perform AI processing for BS 102 and / or UE 104, respectively. The AI processor 318 may include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry such as one or more neural processing units (NPUs) , one or more neural network processors, one or more tensor processors, one or more deep learning processors, etc. The AI processor 370 may likewise include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry. As an example, the AI processor 370 may perform AI- based beam management, AI-based channel state feedback (CSF) , AI-based antenna tuning, and / or AI-based positioning (e.g., non-line of sight positioning prediction) . In some cases, the AI processor 318 may process feedback from the UE 104 (e.g., CSF) using hardware accelerated AI inferences and / or AI training. The AI processor 318 may decode compressed CSF from the UE 104, for example, using a hardware accelerated AI inference associated with the CSF. In certain cases, the AI processor 318 may perform certain RAN-based functions including, for example, network planning, network performance management, energy-efficient network operations, etc.
[0087] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0088] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0089] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0090] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0091] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 12 or 14 symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., 12 symbols per slot for an extended CP or 14 symbols per slot for a normal CP) . Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0092] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe (e.g., a slot duration in a subframe) is based on a numerology, which may define a frequency domain subcarrier spacing and symbol duration as further described herein. In certain aspects, given a numerology μ, there are 2μ slots per subframe. Thus, numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 may allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. In some cases, the extended CP (e.g., 12 symbols per slot) may be used with a specific numerology, e.g., numerology 2 allowing for 4 slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 6. As an example, the numerology μ=0 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ=6 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of a slot format having 14 symbols per slot (e.g., a normal CP) and a numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. In such a case, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0093] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme including, for example, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) .
[0094] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0095] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0096] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0097] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0098] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) , and in some cases, referred to as a synchronization signal block (SSB) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0099] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0100] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0101] Example Multi-Carrier Operation
[0102] Narrowband-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a standards-based low power wide area (LPWA) technology developed to enable IoT architecture and connect numerous IoT devices over existing mobile networks. NB-IoT may be used to serve massive IoT applications and devices of low complexity. NB-IoT may be optimized for services characterized by small, delay-tolerant and infrequent data transmissions. Further, NB-IoT may be designed to (1) meet massive IoT performance requirements in terms of enhanced coverage for supporting devices deployed in deep indoor environments such as basements, (2) power efficient operation for facilitating a beyond ten-year device battery life, and (3) support a massive number of devices making small and infrequent data transmissions.
[0103] To allow for communications from a massive number of devices, NB-IoT may support a multi-carrier operation, and more specifically, two types of carriers: an anchor carrier and a non-anchor carrier. The anchor carrier may support cell-defining broadcast transmissions including synchronization and system information signaling (e.g., SSB and SIB transmission (s) ) which configures the RAN. Non-anchor carrier (s) may be activated for improving the system access and data transmission capacity beyond that offered by the anchor carrier. Though NB-IoT is introduced as an example use case for multi-carrier operation, it should be noted that multi-carrier operation may be used for other types of use cases.
[0104] FIG. 5A depicts an example wireless communications network 500 (e.g., such as an NB-IoT wireless communications system) that supports multi-carrier operation. As shown, wireless communications network 500 (e.g., an example of wireless communications network 100 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1) may include a network entity 502, such as a BS (e.g., an example of BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2) , and a UE 504 (e.g., an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3) .
[0105] Network entity 502 may be configured to communicate using multiple different carriers (e.g., specific carrier frequencies, for example, FR1, FR2, etc. ) . For example, network entity 502 is shown as being configured to communicate using an anchor carrier 506 and non-anchor carriers 508 (1) - (3) . Accordingly, network entity 502 may provide coverage using each of anchor carrier 506 and non-anchor carriers 508 (1) -(3) in respective cells. Though network entity 502 is shown as capable of communicating using three non-anchor carriers, it should be noted that network entity 502 may be configured to communicate using any number of non-anchor carriers.
[0106] For example, as shown in FIG. 5B, network entity 502 may provide coverage in an anchor cell 510 using anchor carrier 506. Further, network entity 502 may provide coverage in non-anchor cells 516, 518, and 520 using non-anchor carriers 508 (1) , 508 (2) , and 508 (3) , respectively. As shown, non-anchor cells 516, 518, and 520 overlap with anchor cell 510, and anchor cell 510 encompasses all of non-anchor cells 516, 518, and 520. Further, as shown, cells 510-520 are not concentric. It should be noted, however, that this is just one example arrangement of an anchor cell and non-anchor cells. In other cases, one or more of the anchor cell and / or non-anchor cells may be concentric, may have the same coverage area, may overlap differently, may not overlap, and / or the like.
[0107] In certain aspects, anchor carrier 506 may carry all channels (e.g., including broadcast channels) as well as synchronization and system information signaling (e.g., SSBs and SIBs) . For example, SSB / SIB / paging may be continuously supported in anchor cell 510 corresponding to anchor carrier 506. Accordingly, signaling carried in anchor carrier 506 may support cell selection / reselection and / or a wake up signal (WUS) configuration (e.g., a C-WUS configuration) for dynamic (e.g., on demand) SSB / SIB1 transmission in non-anchor cell 516, 518, and / or 520.
[0108] In certain aspects, unlike anchor carrier 506, non-anchor carriers 508 (1) - (3) may not communicate the common signaling, synchronization signaling, and / or the system information signaling. A non-anchor cell associated with a non-anchor carrier 508 may be a cell where UE 504 cannot receive such common signaling, synchronization signaling, and / or the system information signaling. As such, random access procedures for establishing an RRC connection may only be supported on anchor carrier 506. Accordingly, in this case, UE 504 may be configured to initially establish an RRC connection using anchor carrier 506 (instead of one of non-anchor carriers 508 (1) - (3) ) , for example, by initiating a RACH procedure using anchor carrier 506 in anchor cell 510. After establishing an RRC connection using anchor carrier 506, UE 504 may utilize non-anchor carrier (s) 508 (1) - (3) for unicast traffic, which may help to reduce the use of anchor carrier 506 for carrying such traffic.
[0109] In order to increase the overall capacity for random access (and in some cases paging) , in certain other aspects, support for random access procedures may be extended to using non-anchor carrier (s) 508 (1) - (3) for communications between network entity 502 and UE 504 (e.g., while also maintaining support for RACH procedures between UE 504 and network entity 502 using anchor carrier 506) . For example, non-anchor carrier 508 (1) , non-anchor carrier 508 (2) , and / or non-anchor carrier 508 (3) may support the transmission of SSB (s) and / or SIB (s) , such as SIB1 (e.g., carries basic information that UE 504 may use to perform the initial attachment) , used to enable UE 504 to perform a RACH procedure using non-anchor carrier 508 (1) , non-anchor carrier 508 (2) , and / or non-anchor carrier 508 (3) , respectively.
[0110] As such, different configurations for SSB and SIB1 transmissions may be considered for multi-carrier implementations, which are depicted in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, an anchor carrier may support the transmission of SSB 604 and SIB1 606 such that SSB 604 and SIB1 606 may be received by a UE in an anchor cell 602 associated with the anchor carrier. As described in detail below, a RACH procedure used by a UE for initial access to a RAN, may begin by a network entity broadcasting and the UE receiving a random access configuration, for example, in system information within an SSB (or SIB1) . As such, by supporting the transmission of SSB 604 and SIB1 606 in anchor cell 602, a UE may be configured to perform a RACH procedure 608 with the network entity using an anchor carrier associated with anchor cell 602 in order to establish a connection with the RAN.
[0111] In certain aspects, a UE may additionally, or alternatively, perform initial attachment with the network entity using a non-anchor carrier. As such, different configurations for SSB 614 and SIB 616 transmissions using a non-anchor carrier in a non-anchor cell 612 may be considered. For example, as shown in table 630 in FIG. 6, in a first option, the network entity may support “Always On SSB” in the non-anchor cell 612 indicating that the network entity may support the transmission of SSB 614 using the non-anchor carrier in non-anchor cell 612 at any time. For example, the network entity may transmit SSB (s) 614 in non-anchor cell 612 using the non-anchor carrier, such as on a periodic broadcast basis, to allow a UE to perform a RACH procedure 618 using the non-anchor carrier associated with non-anchor cell 612. In a second option, the network entity may support “On-demand SSB” in the non-anchor cell 612 indicating that the network entity may provide SSB (s) on demand in non-anchor cell 612 using the non-anchor carrier. For example, the network entity may transmit SSB (s) 614 using the non-anchor carrier in non-anchor cell 612 based on receiving an instruction and / or a request, etc., such that a UE may perform a RACH procedure 618 with the network entity using a non-anchor carrier associated with non-anchor cell 612. In the second option, the anchor carrier associated with anchor cell 602 and the non-anchor carrier associated with non-anchor cell 612 may be in different bands. In a third option, the network entity may support “SSB-less” SSB transmission in the non-anchor cell 612 using the non-anchor carrier, indicating that the network entity may not provide SSB (s) in the non-anchor cell 612 using the non-anchor carrier. Thus, a UE may not be able to perform a RACH procedure 618 with the network entity using a non-anchor carrier in non-anchor cell 612 supporting “SSB-less” SSB transmission. In the third option, the anchor carrier associated with anchor cell 602 and the non-anchor carrier associated with non-anchor cell 612 may be in the same band.
[0112] Further, different SIB configurations are provided in table 632. In a first option, the network entity may support the transmission of SIB1 only in anchor cell 602 using the anchor carrier. Thus, transmission of SIB1 in non-anchor cell 612 may not be supported. In a second option, however, the network entity may support “On-demand SIB1” in non-anchor cell 612 using the non-anchor carrier, indicating that the network entity may provide SIB (s) on demand in non-anchor cell 612. For example, the network entity may transmit SIB (s) in non-anchor cell 612 using the non-anchor carrier based on receiving an instruction and / or a request (e.g., from a UE) , etc., such that a UE may perform a RACH procedure 618 with the network entity using the non-anchor carrier associated with non-anchor cell 612.
[0113] Providing support for RACH in non-anchor cells, in addition to anchor cells, may allow for quicker connection to a network entity by a UE, may help with load balancing at a network entity, and / or may help to increase NES. For example, offloading a RACH procedure to a non-anchor cell may help to alleviate the number of RACH procedures being performed via the anchor carrier, especially in cases where a massive number of devices are supported at the network entity (e.g., such as for NB-IoT) . Accordingly, instead of waiting a long period of time to successfully complete a RACH procedure using an anchor carrier, a UE may perform a RACH procedure using a non-anchor carrier, which may allow for quicker establishment of a connection between the UE and the RAN. Further, because non-anchor cells may support “On-demand SSB / SIB1, ” instead of “Always On SSB / SIB1, ” energy may be saved when the network entity is not performing such transmissions.
[0114] Example Random Access Procedures
[0115] Certain wireless communication systems (e.g., an E-UTRA system and / or 5G NR system) may provide a specified channel for random access, such as a RACH, and corresponding random access procedures. A UE may use the RACH for initial access to a RAN, for example. A random access procedure may be performed for any of various events including, for example, initial access from an idle state (e.g., RRC idle) , RRC connection re-establishment, handover, downlink and / or uplink data arrival (e.g., when the UE is in an idle state) , or device positioning. As described above, a UE may perform a RACH procedure in an anchor cell or a non-anchor cell for initial access to the RAN.
[0116] FIG. 7A depicts a process flow diagram of an example four-step RACH procedure 700a performed between a UE 704 and a network entity 702. In some aspects, the UE 704 is the UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3, and the network entity 702 is the base station 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. In certain aspects, the four-step RACH procedure 700a may be performed in an anchor cell associated with network entity 702. In certain aspects, the four-step RACH procedure 700a may be performed in a non-anchor cell associated with network entity 702.
[0117] The RACH procedure 700a may optionally begin at 706, where the network entity 702 broadcasts and the UE 704 receives a random access configuration, for example, in system information within a synchronization signal block, or within an RRC message. The random access configuration may indicate or include one or more parameters for random access communications, such as defining the RACH, the number of random access preambles (e.g., preamble sequences) available for random access, power ramping parameters, response window size, etc.
[0118] At 708, the UE 704 sends a first message (MSG1) to the network entity 702 on a physical random access channel (PRACH) . In some aspects, MSG1 may indicate or include a RACH preamble. The RACH preamble may indicate or include a preamble signature associated with the RACH preamble. The preamble signature may correspond to a particular preamble sequence (e.g., a Zaddoff Chu sequence) generated across time-frequency resources used for the preamble transmission. For contention-based random access, the preamble sequence may be randomly selected among a set of preamble sequences (e.g., up to 64 sequences in some cases) . The preamble signature may be used to identify the UE 704 for scheduling communications (e.g., MSG2 and MSG3) with the network entity. The term “RACH preamble” may refer to or correspond to “random access preamble, ” “preamble, ” “preamble sequence, ” and / or “preamble signature. ”
[0119] At 710, the network entity 702 may respond with a random access response (RAR) message (MSG2) . For example, the network entity 702 may send a PDCCH communication including downlink control information (DCI) that schedules the RAR on the PDSCH. The RAR may include, for example, certain parameters used for an uplink transmission such as a random access (RA) preamble identifier (RAPID) , a timing advance, an uplink (UL) grant (e.g., indicating one or more time-frequency resources for an uplink transmission) , cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) , and a backoff parameter value. The RAPID may correspond to the preamble signature and indicate that the RAR is for the UE 704 that transmitted MSG1 at 706. As an example, the RAPID may identify a particular frequency resource used for the preamble transmission. As further described herein, the backoff parameter value may be used to determine a RACH occasion for sending a subsequent RACH transmission (e.g., a preamble transmission) . A RACH occasion may correspond to one or more time-frequency resources available for transmitting a preamble in a RACH.
[0120] At 712, in response to MSG2, the UE 704 transmits a third message (MSG3) to the network entity 702 on the PUSCH. In some aspects, MSG3 may include an RRC connection request, a tracking area update (e.g., for UE mobility) , and / or a scheduling request (for an UL transmission) . As an example, MSG 3 uses the time-frequency resource (s) indicated in the UL grant of the RAR.
[0121] At 714, the network entity 702 may send a contention resolution message (MSG4) in response to MSG3. In some cases, if the UE 704 is unable to receive or decode MSG3 and / or MSG4, the UE 704 may repeat the RACH procedure, such as the four-step RACH procedure 700a.
[0122] In some cases, to reduce the latency associated with random access, a two-step RACH procedure may be used. As the name implies, the two-step RACH procedure may effectively consolidate the four messages of the four-step RACH procedure into two messages.
[0123] FIG. 7B depicts a process flow diagram of an example two-step RACH procedure 700b performed between the UE 704 and the network entity 702. Similar to four-step RACH procedure 700a, in certain aspects, the two-step RACH procedure 700b may be performed in an anchor cell associated with network entity 702. Further, in certain aspects, the two-step RACH procedure 700b may be performed in a non-anchor cell associated with network entity 702.
[0124] The two-step RACH procedure 700b may optionally begin at 750, where the network entity 702 broadcasts and the UE 704 receives a random access configuration, for example in system information within a synchronization signal block, or within an RRC message.
[0125] At 752, the UE 704 sends a first message (MSGA) to the network entity 702, which may effectively combine MSG1 and MSG3 described above with respect to FIG. 7A. In some aspects, MSGA includes a RACH preamble for random access and a payload. For example, the payload may include a UE-ID and other signaling information, such as a buffer status report or scheduling request. The RACH preamble of MSGA may be transmitted over the RACH, and the payload of MSGA may be transmitted over the PUSCH, for example.
[0126] At 754, the network entity 702 may send a random access response message (MSGB) , which may effectively combine MSG2 and MSG4 described above. For example, MSGB may include a RAPID, a timing advance, a backoff parameter value, a contention resolution message, an uplink and / or downlink grant, and transmit power control commands.
[0127] As described herein, in certain aspects, to gain initial access to a RAN, UE 704 may perform four-step RACH procedure 700a or two-step RACH procedure 700b in a non-anchor cell of network entity 702. In some cases, four-step RACH procedure 700a or two-step RACH procedure 700b may fail due to RF interference, poor signal quality, and / or weak coverage in the non-anchor cell, among other reasons. As such, techniques for handling RACH procedure failure in a non-anchor cell may be desired.
[0128] Further, to perform four-step RACH procedure 700a or two-step RACH procedure 700b in a non-anchor cell of network entity 702, UE 704 may need to be configured with one or more RACH occasions corresponding to one or more resources available for transmitting RACH transmission (s) during a RACH procedure. In certain aspects, the RACH occasions may not be configured for an active uplink BWP of UE 704.
[0129] Specifically, a BWP is a designated portion of the overall bandwidth of a carrier (e.g., an anchor carrier and / or a non-anchor carrier) . UE 704 may be configured with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per cell. To save power at UE 704, one BWP in the downlink and one BWP in the uplink, configured at UE 704 for a cell, may be active at UE 704 at a given time (e.g., while others are deactivated) . In certain aspects, the active uplink BWP of UE 704 is an uplink BWP of a non-anchor cell of network entity 702, and this active uplink BWP may not include any configured RACH occasions to enable UE 704 to transmit a RACH preamble and thus initiate a RACH procedure in the non-anchor cell to gain initial access to the RAN. As such, techniques for handling cases where RACH occasion (s) are not configured for an uplink BWP of a non-anchor cell activated for a UE 704 may be desired such that UE is able to gain initial access to the RAN.
[0130] Aspects Related to RACH Procedure Improvements in Non-Anchor Cells
[0131] Aspects described herein introduce techniques for carrier switching and / or BWP switching for RACH procedures to handle the above-described scenarios.
[0132] For example, carrier switching techniques may be used when a RACH procedure initiated between a UE and a network entity using non-anchor carrier associated with a non-anchor cell of the network entity fails. Carrier switching may include switching from performing the failed RACH procedure in the non-anchor cell of the network entity to performing another RACH procedure in (1) an anchor cell of the network entity or (2) another non-anchor cell of the network entity to establish an RRC connection.
[0133] In some cases, carrier switching may be used to reduce the latency associated with initial access. For example, a UE initially performing RACH in a non-anchor cell may determine to switch to performing RACH in another cell after a threshold period of time has passed since beginning the RACH procedure. Switching based on this threshold period of time may help to reduce the delays associated with multiple devices, e.g., UEs, attempting to perform RACH in a same cell (e.g., a same non-anchor cell) of the network entity. Further, this carrier switching approach provides a UE flexibility in selecting a next cell to perform a RACH procedure, after a first RACH procedure has failed by allowing the UE to select between multiple anchor and / or non-anchor cells, where multiple non-anchor cells are configured to support the performance of RACH procedures. Such flexibility may allow the UE to select a cell that provides for the quickest connection to the RAN (compared to performing a RACH procedure in one of the other cells) .
[0134] Further, BWP switching techniques described herein may be used when RACH occasions are not configured for an active uplink BWP of a UE. BWP switching may include switching an active uplink BWP for the UE from a first uplink BWP to a second uplink BWP based on the first uplink BWP not including any RACH occasions for performing a RACH procedure. In some cases, the active uplink BWP for the UE, not including any RACH occasions (e.g., the first uplink BWP) , is an active uplink BWP of a non-anchor cell of a network entity. In this case, the UE may switch the active uplink BWP of the UE to another uplink BWP of the same non-anchor cell (e.g., a first option for the second uplink BWP) or to an initial uplink BWP of an anchor cell of the network entity (e.g., second option for the second uplink BWP) and perform a RACH procedure using the newly-activated uplink BWP. This BWP switching approach provides the UE with different options for performing RACH when a current active uplink BWP of the UE does not support the UE performing RACH (e.g., does not include RACH occasion (s) ) in a specific cell (e.g., such as a non-anchor cell of a network entity) .
[0135] In certain aspects, techniques described herein also enable a UE to inform a network entity about its capability to support non-anchor cell operation. The network entity may use this information to offload traffic between the network entity and the UE from an anchor cell to a non-anchor cell of the network entity after the UE established an RRC connection with the network entity.
[0136] Example Operations of Entities in a Communications Network for Carrier Switching
[0137] FIG. 8 depicts a process flow 800 for communications in a network between a network entity 802 and a UE 804. In some aspects, the network entity 802 may be an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. Similarly, the UE 804 may be an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3.However, in other aspects, UE 804 may be another type of wireless communications device and network entity 802 may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein.
[0138] In certain aspects, network entity 802 supports communication using an anchor carrier associated with an anchor cell 806 of network entity 802, a first non-anchor carrier associated with a first non-anchor cell 808 (1) of network entity 802, and a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell 808 (2) of network entity 802. In certain aspects, anchor cell 806, first non-anchor cell 808 (1) , and second non-anchor cell 808 (2) support RACH procedures (e.g., such as four-step RACH procedure 700a and / or two-step RACH procedure 700b depicted and described with respect to FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively) . That is, UE 804 may perform a RACH procedure in anchor cell 806 using the anchor carrier, first non-anchor cell 808 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier, and / or in second non-anchor cell 808 (2) using the second non-anchor carrier. Specifically, in process flow 800, UE 804 may switch from performing a first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier to performing a second RACH procedure in anchor cell 806 using the anchor carrier or in second non-anchor cell 808 (2) using the second non-anchor carrier.
[0139] As shown in FIG. 8, process flow 800 begins at 820 by UE 804 transmitting a first random access signal to initiate a first RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) of network entity 802. UE 804 may transmit the first random access signal in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier.
[0140] In certain aspects, prior to transmitting the first random access signal at 820, UE 804 may receive, at 812, one or more reference signals (RSs) (e.g., such as SSB (s) , discovery reference signal (s) , etc. ) from network entity 802 in second non-anchor cell 808 (2) on the second non-anchor carrier. At 814, UE 804 may receive one or more RSs from network entity 802 in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) on the first non-anchor carrier. Further, at 816 UE 804 may receive one or more RSs from network entity 802 in anchor cell 806 on the anchor carrier. Although FIG. 8 depicts communication of RS (s) in all of anchor cell 806, first non-anchor cell 808 (1) , and second non-anchor cell 808 (2) , in some other examples, RS (s) may be communicated in less than all of these cells (e.g., only anchor cell 806 and first non-anchor cell 808 (1) ) . Further, although FIG. 8 depicts communication of RS (s) in anchor cell 806, first non-anchor cell 808 (1) , and second non-anchor cell 808 (2) at different times and in the order of second non-anchor cell 808 (2) first, first non-anchor cell 808 (1) second, and anchor cell 806 third, in some other examples, the RS (s) may be transmitted simultaneously and / or in a different order than the order shown in FIG. 8.
[0141] At 818, UE 804 may measure the received RS (s) . UE 804 may determine to perform a RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) based on one or more of these measurements.
[0142] For example, in certain aspects, UE 804 may measure one or more RSs received in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) to determine one or more channel conditions (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) , signal to noise ratio (SNR) , a channel quality, etc. ) when communicating with network entity 802 in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier. Similarly, UE 804 may measure one or more RSs received in second non-anchor cell 808 (2) to determine one or more channel conditions when communicating with network entity 802 in second non-anchor cell 808 (2) using the second non-anchor carrier. Further, UE 804 may measure one or more RSs received in anchor cell 806 to determine one or more channel conditions when communicating with network entity 802 in anchor cell 806 using the anchor carrier. UE 804 may determine to perform a RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) based on the one or more channel conditions (e.g., when an RSRP communicating using the first non-anchor carrier is greater than an RSRP when communicating using the second non-anchor carrier and / or an RSRP when communicating using the anchor carrier) .
[0143] As another example, in certain aspects, UE 804 may measure one or more RSs received in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) to determine one or more channel conditions, such as signal quality, when communicating with network entity 802 in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier. UE 804 may determine to perform a RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) based on the determined channel condition (s) satisfying one or more thresholds (e.g., the determined signal quality satisfying (e.g., being greater than) a threshold signal quality) .
[0144] In certain aspects, prior to transmitting the first random access signal at 820, UE 804 may receive, at 810, an indication to perform the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier. Based on this indication, UE 804 may determine to perform the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) and thus transmit the first random access signal, at 820, on the first non-anchor carrier associated with the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) .
[0145] After transmission of the first random access signal at 820 in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) , a RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) may begin and a timer may be started. The timer may indicate a maximum time duration (t) that is permitted for performing the RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) . As such, when starting the timer, the timer may begin counting down from this maximum amount of time. If the RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) has not completed at an expiration of the timer (e.g., set to t) , then UE 804 may perform carrier switching to initiate another RACH procedure either in anchor cell 806 using the anchor carrier or second non-anchor cell 808 (2) using the second non-anchor carrier. In certain aspects, the time duration (t) is fixed. In certain aspects, UE 804 receives a configuration of the time duration (t) (not shown in FIG. 8) .
[0146] For the example in FIG. 8, the RACH procedure initiated in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) may not be completed prior to the expiration of the timer (e.g., may not complete within time duration (t) ) . Accordingly, at 822, UE 804 determines that the RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 808 (1) has failed based on a failure of the RACH procedure to successfully complete within time duration (t) .
[0147] Based on the failure of the first RACH procedure to successfully complete within time duration (t) after transmission of the first random access signal, UE 804 may perform carrier switching. One or more options may be used for performing carrier switching. For example, in a first option shown in FIG. 8, UE 804 may switch to performing a RACH procedure in another non-anchor cell of network entity 802, such as second non-anchor cell 808 (2) . Alternatively, in a second option shown in FIG. 8, UE 804 may switch to performing a RACH procedure in anchor cell 806 of network entity 802.
[0148] Switching from performing the first RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) to performing a second RACH procedure in second non-anchor cell 808 (2) , in option 1, may include UE 804 transmitting, at 824, a second random access signal using the second non-anchor carrier to initiate the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell 808 (2) . After transmission of the second random access signal, the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell 808 (2) may begin to establish an RRC connection between UE 804 and network entity 802 (e.g., at 826) .
[0149] Switching from performing the first RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 808 (1) to performing a second RACH procedure in anchor cell 806, in option 2, may include UE 804 transmitting, at 828, a second random access signal using the anchor carrier to initiate the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell 806. After transmission of the second random access signal, the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell 806 may begin to establish an RRC connection between UE 804 and network entity 802 (e.g., at 830) .
[0150] In certain aspects, after establishing an RRC connection between UE 804 and network entity 802 using option 2, UE 804 may report, to network entity 802, its capability to support non-anchor cell operation. For example, at 832, UE 804 transmits an indication of the capability of UE 804 to support non-anchor cell operation. UE 804 may transmit this indication in anchor cell 806 using the anchor carrier. In some cases, UE 804 may transmit this indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell 806.
[0151] In certain aspects, UE 804 may transmit, to network entity 802, an indication of a capability to support non-anchor cell operation prior to the successful completion of the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell 806. For example, UE 804 may transmit this indication via a message of the second RACH procedure performed in anchor cell 806 in option 2. In certain aspects, the message of the second RACH procedure may be the second random access signal transmitted by UE 804 at 828. In certain aspects, the message of the second RACH procedure may be MSG1 and / or MSG3 transmitted by UE 804 during the second RACH procedure (e.g., such as MSG1 and MSG3 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 7A) .
[0152] In certain other aspects, this capability of UE 804 may be implied based on UE 804 attempting to initially perform the first RACH procedure with first non-anchor cell 808 (1) (e.g., at 820) using the first non-anchor carrier. As such, UE 804 may not need to send, to network entity 802, an indication of a capability of UE 804 to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0153] In certain aspects, UE 804 determines whether to perform option 1 or option 2 for carrier switching based on the one or more measurements determined at 818 and / or based on performing one or more other measurements (not shown in FIG. 8) . For example, in certain aspects, after determining that the first RACH procedure has failed at 822, UE 804 may again receive and measure RS (s) in anchor cell 806 on the anchor carrier and / or second non-anchor cell 808 (2) on the second non-anchor carrier. UE 804 may determine to perform the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell 808 (2) (e.g., Option 1) or determine to perform the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell 806 (e.g. Option 2) based on the measurement (s) determined at 818 and / or the new measurement (s) obtained after determining that the first RACH procedure had failed (not shown in FIG. 8) .
[0154] For example, UE 804 may determine to perform the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell 808 (2) (e.g., Option 1) instead of in the anchor cell 806 (e.g., Option 2) based on one or more channel conditions (e.g., RSRP, SNR, channel quality, etc. ) determined from the measured RS (s) being better for the second non-anchor cell 808 (2) than for the anchor cell 806 (or vice versa) . As another example, UE 804 may determine to perform the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell 808 (2) (e.g., Option 1) based on one or more channel conditions (e.g., RSRP, SNR, channel quality, etc. ) determined from the measured RS (s) in the second non-anchor cell 808 (2) satisfying a threshold (e.g., a signal quality satisfying a threshold signal quality) . Similarly, UE 804 may determine to perform the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell 806 (e.g., Option 2) based on one or more channel conditions determined from the measured RS (s) in the anchor cell 806 satisfying a threshold (e.g., a signal quality satisfying a threshold signal quality) .
[0155] Example Operations of Entities in a Communications Network for Indicating a Capability to Support Non-Anchor Cell Operation
[0156] Although FIG. 8 depicts an example scenario where the initiation of two RACH procedures is performed due to the failure of a first RACH procedure in a non-anchor cell to be successfully completed within a time duration (t) , in some other example scenarios, the first RACH procedure, either initiated in an anchor cell or in a non-anchor cell, may not fail. As such, the UE may perform only one RACH procedure to establish an RRC connection with the network entity. Performance of the RACH procedure in a non-anchor cell may implicitly indicate the UE’s capability to support non-anchor cell operation. However, performance of the RACH procedure in an anchor cell may not implicitly indicate the UE’s capability to support non-anchor cell operation. As such, the UE may transmit, in the anchor cell, on the anchor carrier, an indication of the UE’s capability to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0157] FIGS. 9A-9B depict process flows 900a, 900b for communications in a network between a network entity 902 and a UE 904. Process flow 900a in FIG. 9A depicts communications between network entity 902 and UE 904 to perform a RACH procedure in a non-anchor cell (e.g., first non-anchor cell 908 (1) ) of network entity 902. Process flow 900b in FIG. 9B depicts communications between network entity 902 and UE 904 to perform a RACH procedure in an anchor cell 906 of network entity 902.
[0158] In certain aspects, the network entity 902 may be an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. Similarly, the UE 904 may be an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3. However, in other aspects, UE 904 may be another type of wireless communications device and network entity 902 may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein.
[0159] In certain aspects, network entity 902 supports communication using an anchor carrier associated with the anchor cell 906 of network entity 902, a first non-anchor carrier associated with the first non-anchor cell 908 (1) of network entity 902, and a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell 908 (2) of network entity 902. In certain aspects, anchor cell 906, first non-anchor cell 908 (1) , and second non-anchor cell 908 (2) support RACH procedures (e.g., such as four-step RACH procedure 700a and / or two-step RACH procedure 700b depicted and described with respect to FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively) . That is, UE 904 may perform a RACH procedure in anchor cell 906 using the anchor carrier, first non-anchor cell 908 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier, and / or second non-anchor cell 908 (2) using the second non-anchor carrier.
[0160] In process flow 900a in FIG. 9A, UE 904 performs a RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 908 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier. As shown in FIG. 9A, process flow 900a begins at 920 by UE 904 transmitting a random access signal to initiate a RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 908 (1) of network entity 902. UE 904 may transmit the random access signal on the first non-anchor carrier associated with the first non-anchor cell 908 (1) . After transmission of the random access signal at 920 on the first non-anchor carrier, a RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell 908 (1) may begin to establish an RRC connection between UE 904 and network entity 902 (e.g., at 922) . For the example in FIG. 9A, the RACH procedure initiated in the first non-anchor cell 908 (1) may be successful.
[0161] Further for the example in FIG. 9A, a capability of UE 904 to support non-anchor cell operation may be implied based on UE 904 performing the RACH procedure in first non-anchor cell 908 (1) using the first non-anchor carrier. As such, UE 904 may not need to send, to network entity 902, an indication of this capability of UE 904.
[0162] In process flow 900b in FIG. 9B, UE 904 performs a RACH procedure in anchor cell 906 using the anchor carrier. As shown in FIG. 9B, process flow 900b begins at 930 by UE 904 transmitting a random access signal to initiate a RACH procedure in anchor cell 906 of network entity 902. UE 904 may transmit the random access signal on the anchor carrier associated with the anchor cell 906. After transmission of the random access signal at 930 on the anchor carrier, a RACH procedure in the anchor cell 906 may begin to establish an RRC connection between UE 904 and network entity 902 (e.g., at 932) . For the example in FIG. 9B, the RACH procedure initiated in the anchor cell 906 may be successful.
[0163] Further for the example in FIG. 9B, a capability of UE 904 to support non-anchor cell operation may be indicated to network entity 902. In certain aspects, as shown in FIG. 9B, UE 904 may transmit, at 934, the indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the RACH procedure in the anchor cell 906.
[0164] In certain other aspects, UE 904 may transmit, to network entity 902, an indication of a capability to support non-anchor cell operation prior to the successful completion of the RACH procedure in the anchor cell 906. For example, UE 904 may transmit this indication via a message of the RACH procedure performed in anchor cell 906. In certain aspects, the message of the RACH procedure may comprise a random access preamble. In certain aspects, the message of the RACH procedure may be MSG1 and / or MSG3 transmitted by UE 904 during the RACH procedure (e.g., such as MSG1 and MSG3 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 7A) .
[0165] In certain aspects, the indication of the capability of UE 904 to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises an indication of the capability of UE 904 to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band for one or more frequency bands. In certain aspects, the indication of the capability of UE 904 to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises an indication of the capability of UE 904 to support the non-anchor cell operation per group of frequency bands for one or more groups of frequency bands. For example, UE 904 may support non-anchor cell operation in only certain frequency bands or groups of frequency bands, and therefore indicate which frequency band or group of frequency bands for which the UE 904 does and does not support non-anchor cell operation. A group of frequency bands may be a contiguous group or set of frequency bands that are contiguous in frequency, or may include frequency bands that are not contiguous in frequency.
[0166] Example Operations of Entities in a Communications Network for BWP Switching
[0167] As described above with respect to FIGS. 7A and 7B, when a UE determines to perform RACH with a network entity in an anchor cell or a non-anchor cell of the network entity, the UE may send one or more RACH transmissions (e.g., such as a RACH preamble transmission) to the network entity. The UE may send the RACH transmission (s) in one or more RACH occasions configured at the UE.
[0168] For example, the UE may receive a configuration of one or more RACH occasions for sending RACH transmission (s) . The RACH occasion (s) may be configured for different UL BWPs configured at the UE. As an illustrative example, a UE attempting to establish a connection with a network entity may communicate with the network entity in an anchor cell associated with an anchor carrier of the network entity and one or more non-anchor cells associated with one or more non-anchor carriers of the network entity. Although not meant to be limiting, in this example, the UE may communicate with the network entity in one anchor cell and one non-anchor cell. The UE may be configured with one or more uplink BWPs for the anchor cell and one or more uplink BWPs for the non-anchor cell. RACH occasions may be configured for uplink BWP (s) configured for the anchor cell and / or uplink BWP (s) configured for the non-anchor cell.
[0169] In certain aspects, less than all uplink BWP (s) configured for the non-anchor cell may be configured with RACH occasion (s) . As such, in some cases, an uplink BWP for the non-anchor cell, activated for use by the UE when communicating in the non-anchor cell, may not include any RACH occasions. Without RACH occasions, the UE may not be able to send RACH transmission (s) , and thus may not be able to perform a RACH procedure to gain initial access to the RAN. To deal with such scenarios, aspects described herein may allow the UE to perform BWP switching.
[0170] For example, the UE may switch an active uplink BWP of UE from a first uplink BWP to a second uplink BWP to perform a RACH procedure. The first uplink BWP may be the uplink BWP of the non-anchor cell that does not include any configured RACH occasions. The second uplink BWP switched to from the first uplink BWP, and activated by the UE, may be (1) another uplink BWP of the same non-anchor cell comprising the first uplink BWP or (2) an initial uplink BWP of the anchor cell. The second uplink BWP may include one or more RACH occasions for transmitting RACH transmission (s) . As such, the UE may perform a RACH procedure using the second uplink BWP.
[0171] In some cases, the second uplink BWP, which belongs to the same non-anchor cell as the first uplink BWP is an uplink BWP that the UE is indicated to use for a RACH procedure. For example, the UE may receive an indication of the second uplink BWP that is designated for RACH procedure use in the non-anchor cell.
[0172] In some cases where the second uplink BWP is the initial uplink BWP (e.g., the UE switches to using the initial uplink BWP of the anchor cell) , the UE may perform cell switching to perform the RACH procedure in the anchor cell instead of the non-anchor cell.
[0173] Example Operations
[0174] FIG. 10 shows a method 1000 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0175] Method 1000 begins at block 1005 with transmitting, on a first non-anchor carrier associated with a first non-anchor cell of a network entity, a first random access signal to initiate a first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell.
[0176] Method 1000 then proceeds to block 1010 with, based on failure of the first RACH procedure to successfully complete within a time duration after transmission of the first random access signal, transmitting, on an anchor carrier associated with an anchor cell of the network entity or a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell of the network entity, a second random access signal, to initiate a second RACH procedure in the anchor cell or the second non-anchor cell.
[0177] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes receiving one or more RSs associated with the second non-anchor carrier.
[0178] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes measuring the one or more RSs to determine a signal quality for the second non-anchor carrier.
[0179] In certain aspects, block 1010 includes transmitting, on the second non-anchor carrier, the second random access signal, to initiate the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell satisfying a threshold signal quality.
[0180] In certain aspects, block 1010 includes transmitting, on the anchor carrier, the second random access signal to initiate the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell not satisfying a threshold signal quality.
[0181] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0182] In certain aspects, transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell.
[0183] In certain aspects, transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a message of the second RACH procedure.
[0184] In certain aspects, the message of the second RACH procedure comprises the second random access signal.
[0185] In certain aspects, the indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises a respective indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band of one or more frequency bands or per group of frequency bands of one or more groups of frequency bands.
[0186] In certain aspects, the time duration is fixed.
[0187] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes receiving a configuration of the time duration.
[0188] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes receiving one or more RSs. In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes measuring the one or more RSs to determine a signal quality for the first non-anchor cell. In certain aspects, block 1005 includes transmitting, on the first non-anchor carrier, the first random access signal to initiate the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell based on the signal quality for the first non-anchor cell.
[0189] In certain aspects, method 1000 further includes receiving an indication to perform the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell. In certain aspects, block 1005 includes transmitting, on the first non-anchor carrier, the first random access signal to initiate the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell based on the indication.
[0190] In certain aspects, method 1000, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1300 of FIG. 13, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1000. Communications device 1300 is described below in further detail.
[0191] Note that FIG. 10 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0192] FIG. 11 shows a method 1100 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0193] Method 1100 begins at block 1105 with receiving a configuration of one or more RACH occasions, wherein the one or more RACH occasions are not configured for an active uplink BWP of the apparatus, wherein the active uplink BWP is a first uplink BWP of a non-anchor cell of a network entity.
[0194] Method 1100 then proceeds to block 1110 with, based on the one or more RACH occasions not being configured for the active uplink BWP, switching the active uplink BWP of the apparatus from the first uplink BWP to a second uplink BWP, wherein the second uplink BWP comprises: another uplink BWP of the non-anchor cell; or an initial uplink BWP of an anchor cell of the network entity.
[0195] Method 1100 then proceeds to block 1115 with performing a RACH procedure using the second uplink BWP as the active uplink BWP for the apparatus.
[0196] In certain aspects, method 1100 further includes receiving an indication of the other uplink BWP as being designated for RACH procedure use in the non-anchor cell.
[0197] In certain aspects, the second uplink BWP comprises the initial uplink BWP; and block 1115 includes performing the RACH procedure in the anchor cell.
[0198] In certain aspects, the one or more RACH occasions are configured for the second uplink BWP.
[0199] In certain aspects, the second uplink BWP comprises the initial uplink BWP of the anchor cell; and the method 1100 further comprises transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0200] In certain aspects, transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the RACH procedure.
[0201] In certain aspects, transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a message of the RACH procedure.
[0202] In certain aspects, the message of the RACH procedure comprises a random access preamble.
[0203] In certain aspects, the indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises a respective indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band of one or more frequency bands or per group of frequency bands of one or more groups of frequency bands.
[0204] In certain aspects, method 1100, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1300 of FIG. 13, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1100. Communications device 1300 is described below in further detail.
[0205] Note that FIG. 11 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0206] FIG. 12 shows a method 1200 for wireless communications by an apparatus, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0207] Method 1200 begins at block 1205 with performing a RACH procedure in an anchor cell of a network entity.
[0208] Method 1200 then proceeds to block 1210 with transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0209] In certain aspects, block 1210 includes transmitting the indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the RACH procedure in the anchor cell.
[0210] In certain aspects, block 1210 includes transmitting the indication via a message of the RACH procedure.
[0211] In certain aspects, the message of the RACH procedure comprises a random access preamble.
[0212] In certain aspects, the indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises a respective indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band of one or more frequency bands or per group of frequency bands of one or more groups of frequency bands.
[0213] In certain aspects, method 1200, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1300 of FIG. 13, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1200. Communications device 1300 is described below in further detail.
[0214] Note that FIG. 12 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0215] Example Communications Devices
[0216] FIG. 13 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1300. In some aspects, communications device 1300 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0217] The communications device 1300 includes a processing system 1305 coupled to a transceiver 1375 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . The transceiver 1375 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1300 via an antenna 1380, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1305 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1300, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1300.
[0218] The processing system 1305 includes one or more processors 1310. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1310 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1310 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1340 via a bus 1370. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1340 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1310, enable and cause the one or more processors 1310 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 10; the method 1100 described with respect to FIG. 11, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 11; and the method 1200 described with respect to FIG. 12, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 12. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1300 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1300, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0219] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1340 stores code for transmitting 1345, code for receiving 1350, code for measuring 1355, code for switching 1360, and code for performing 1365. Processing of the code 1345-1365 may enable and cause the communications device 1300 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it; the method 1100 described with respect to FIG. 11, or any aspect related to it; and the method 1200 described with respect to FIG. 12, or any aspect related to it.
[0220] The one or more processors 1310 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1340, including circuitry for transmitting 1315, circuitry for receiving 1320, circuitry for measuring 1325, circuitry for switching 1330, and circuitry for performing 1335. Processing with circuitry 1315-1335 may enable and cause the communications device 1300 to perform the method 1000 described with respect to FIG. 10, or any aspect related to it; the method 1100 described with respect to FIG. 11, or any aspect related to it; and the method 1200 described with respect to FIG. 12, or any aspect related to it.
[0221] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1375 and / or antenna 1380 of the communications device 1300 in FIG. 13, and / or one or more processors 1310 of the communications device 1300 in FIG. 13. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, receive processor 358, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1375 and / or antenna 1380 of the communications device 1300 in FIG. 13, and / or one or more processors 1310 of the communications device 1300 in FIG. 13.
[0222] Example Clauses
[0223] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0224] Clause 1: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: transmitting, on a first non-anchor carrier associated with a first non-anchor cell of a network entity, a first random access signal to initiate a first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell; and based on failure of the first RACH procedure to successfully complete within a time duration after transmission of the first random access signal, transmitting, on an anchor carrier associated with an anchor cell of the network entity or a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell of the network entity, a second random access signal, to initiate a second RACH procedure in the anchor cell or the second non-anchor cell.
[0225] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, further comprising: receiving one or more RSs associated with the second non-anchor carrier; and measuring the one or more RSs to determine a signal quality for the second non-anchor carrier.
[0226] Clause 3: The method of Clause 2, wherein transmitting the second random access signal comprises transmitting, on the second non-anchor carrier, the second random access signal, to initiate the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell satisfying a threshold signal quality.
[0227] Clause 4: The method of Clause 2, wherein transmitting the second random access signal comprises transmitting, on the anchor carrier, the second random access signal to initiate the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell not satisfying a threshold signal quality.
[0228] Clause 5: The method of Clause 4, further comprising transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0229] Clause 6: The method of Clause 5, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell.
[0230] Clause 7: The method of Clause 5, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a message of the second RACH procedure.
[0231] Clause 8: The method of Clause 7, wherein the message of the second RACH procedure comprises the second random access signal.
[0232] Clause 9: The method of Clause 5, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises a respective indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band of one or more frequency bands or per group of frequency bands of one or more groups of frequency bands.
[0233] Clause 10: The method of any one of Clauses 1-9, wherein the time duration is fixed.
[0234] Clause 11: The method of any one of Clauses 1-10, further comprising receiving a configuration of the time duration.
[0235] Clause 12: The method of any one of Clauses 1-11, further comprising: receiving one or more RSs; and measuring the one or more RSs to determine a signal quality for the first non-anchor cell, wherein transmitting the first random access signal comprises transmitting, on the first non-anchor carrier, the first random access signal to initiate the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell based on the signal quality for the first non-anchor cell.
[0236] Clause 13: The method of any one of Clauses 1-12, further comprising receiving an indication to perform the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell, wherein transmitting the first random access signal comprises transmitting, on the first non-anchor carrier, the first random access signal to initiate the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell based on the indication.
[0237] Clause 14: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: receiving a configuration of one or more RACH occasions, wherein the one or more RACH occasions are not configured for an active uplink BWP of the apparatus, wherein the active uplink BWP is a first uplink BWP of a non-anchor cell of a network entity; based on the one or more RACH occasions not being configured for the active uplink BWP, switching the active uplink BWP of the apparatus from the first uplink BWP to a second uplink BWP, wherein the second uplink BWP comprises: another uplink BWP of the non-anchor cell; or an initial uplink BWP of an anchor cell of the network entity; and performing a RACH procedure using the second uplink BWP as the active uplink BWP for the apparatus.
[0238] Clause 15: The method of Clause 14, further comprising receiving an indication of the other uplink BWP as being designated for RACH procedure use in the non-anchor cell.
[0239] Clause 16: The method of any one of Clauses 14-15, wherein: the second uplink BWP comprises the initial uplink BWP; and performing the RACH procedure using the second uplink BWP as the active uplink BWP comprises performing the RACH procedure in the anchor cell.
[0240] Clause 17: The method of any one of Clauses 14-16, wherein the one or more RACH occasions are configured for the second uplink BWP.
[0241] Clause 18: The method of any one of Clauses 14-17, wherein: the second uplink BWP comprises the initial uplink BWP of the anchor cell; and the method further comprises transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0242] Clause 19: The method of Clause 18, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the RACH procedure.
[0243] Clause 20: The method of Clause 18, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a message of the RACH procedure.
[0244] Clause 21: The method of Clause 20, wherein the message of the RACH procedure comprises a random access preamble.
[0245] Clause 22: The method of Clause 18, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises a respective indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band of one or more frequency bands or per group of frequency bands of one or more groups of frequency bands.
[0246] Clause 23: A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising: performing a RACH procedure in an anchor cell of a network entity; and transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.
[0247] Clause 24: The method of Clause 23, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a RRC message after a successful completion of the RACH procedure in the anchor cell.
[0248] Clause 25: The method of any one of Clauses 23-24, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication via a message of the RACH procedure.
[0249] Clause 26: The method of Clause 25, wherein the message of the RACH procedure comprises a random access preamble.
[0250] Clause 27: The method of any one of Clauses 23-26, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises a respective indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band of one or more frequency bands or per group of frequency bands of one or more groups of frequency bands.
[0251] Clause 28: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories comprising executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0252] Clause 29: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0253] Clause 30: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0254] Clause 31: One or more apparatuses, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0255] Clause 32: One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0256] Clause 33: One or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0257] Clause 34: A user equipment (UE) , comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the UE to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0258] Clause 35: A network entity, comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the network entity to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-27.
[0259] Additional Considerations
[0260] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0261] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, an AI processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0262] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of:a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0263] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0264] As used herein, “coupled to” and “coupled with” generally encompass direct coupling and indirect coupling (e.g., including intermediary coupled aspects) unless stated otherwise. For example, stating that a processor is coupled to a memory allows for a direct coupling or a coupling via an intermediary aspect, such as a bus.
[0265] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
[0266] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The subsequent use of a definite article (e.g., “the” or “said” ) with an element (e.g., “the processor” ) is not intended to invoke a singular meaning (e.g., “only one” ) on the element unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, reference to an element (e.g., “aprocessor, ” “acontroller, ” “amemory, ” “atransceiver, ” “an antenna, ” “the processor, ” “the controller, ” “the memory, ” “the transceiver, ” “the antenna, ” etc. ) , unless otherwise specifically stated, should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors, ” “one or more controllers, ” “one or more memories, ” “one more transceivers, ” etc. ) . The terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more elements, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories comprising processor-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:transmit, on a first non-anchor carrier associated with a first non-anchor cell of a network entity, a first random access signal to initiate a first random access channel (RACH) procedure in the first non-anchor cell; andbased on failure of the first RACH procedure to successfully complete within a time duration after transmission of the first random access signal, transmit, on an anchor carrier associated with an anchor cell of the network entity or a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell of the network entity, a second random access signal, to initiate a second RACH procedure in the anchor cell or the second non-anchor cell.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive one or more reference signals (RSs) associated with the second non-anchor carrier; andmeasure the one or more RSs to determine a signal quality for the second non-anchor carrier.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to transmit the second random access signal, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to transmit, on the second non-anchor carrier, the second random access signal, to initiate the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell satisfying a threshold signal quality.4.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to transmit the second random access signal, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to transmit, on the anchor carrier, the second random access signal to initiate the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell not satisfying a threshold signal quality.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to transmit an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein to transmit the indication, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to transmit the indication via a radio resource control (RRC) message after a successful completion of the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell.7.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein to transmit the indication, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to transmit the indication via a message of the second RACH procedure.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the message of the second RACH procedure comprises the second random access signal.9.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation comprises a respective indication of the capability of the apparatus to support the non-anchor cell operation per frequency band of one or more frequency bands or per group of frequency bands of one or more groups of frequency bands.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the time duration is fixed.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to receive a configuration of the time duration.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive one or more reference signals (RSs) ; andmeasure the one or more RSs to determine a signal quality for the first non-anchor cell; andto transmit the first random access signal, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to transmit, on the first non-anchor carrier, the first random access signal to initiate the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell based on the signal quality for the first non-anchor cell.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to receive an indication to perform the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell; andto transmit the first random access signal, the one or more processors are configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to transmit, on the first non-anchor carrier, the first random access signal to initiate the first RACH procedure in the first non-anchor cell based on the indication.14.A method for wireless communications by an apparatus comprising:transmitting, on a first non-anchor carrier associated with a first non-anchor cell of a network entity, a first random access signal to initiate a first random access channel (RACH) procedure in the first non-anchor cell; andbased on failure of the first RACH procedure to successfully complete within a time duration after transmission of the first random access signal, transmitting, on an anchor carrier associated with an anchor cell of the network entity or a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell of the network entity, a second random access signal, to initiate a second RACH procedure in the anchor cell or the second non-anchor cell.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising:receiving one or more reference signals (RSs) associated with the second non-anchor carrier; andmeasuring the one or more RSs to determine a signal quality for the second non-anchor carrier.16.The method of claim 15, wherein transmitting the second random access signal comprises transmitting, on the second non-anchor carrier, the second random access signal, to initiate the second RACH procedure in the second non-anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell satisfying a threshold signal quality.17.The method of claim 15, wherein transmitting the second random access signal comprises transmitting on the anchor carrier, the second random access signal to initiate the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell based on the signal quality for the second non-anchor cell not satisfying a threshold signal quality.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising transmitting an indication of a capability of the apparatus to support non-anchor cell operation.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the indication is transmitted via a radio resource control (RRC) message after a successful completion of the second RACH procedure in the anchor cell.20.One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform operations comprising:transmitting, on a first non-anchor carrier associated with a first non-anchor cell of a network entity, a first random access signal to initiate a first random access channel (RACH) procedure in the first non-anchor cell; andbased on failure of the first RACH procedure to successfully complete within a time duration after transmission of the first random access signal, transmitting, on an anchor carrier associated with an anchor cell of the network entity or a second non-anchor carrier associated with a second non-anchor cell of the network entity, a second random access signal, to initiate a second RACH procedure in the anchor cell or the second non-anchor cell.
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