Solar cell, cell stacking structure, and photovoltaic assembly

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a solar cell, a cell stacking structure, and a photovoltaic assembly. The solar cell comprises a cell body, wherein the cell body has a light-receiving surface and a non-light-receiving surface, the non-light-receiving surface is provided with an electrode, and the light-receiving surface and / or the non-light-receiving surface is provided with an isolation member. Therefore, during the process of stacking cells, an isolation protection effect is achieved for the cells, thereby preventing the cells from being scratched by electrodes on adjacent cells.

Description

Solar cell, battery stacking structure and photovoltaic module

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202421203803.2, filed with the Patent Office of China on May 29, 2024, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”; priority to Chinese patent application No. 202420644202.9, filed with the Patent Office of China on March 29, 2024, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”; priority to Chinese patent application No. 202420648655.9, filed with the Patent Office of China on March 29, 2024, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”; and priority to Chinese patent application No. 202420644811, filed with the Patent Office of China on March 29, 2024. 4. The priority right of the application entitled “A cell, a cell stacking structure and a solar cell module” was filed with the Chinese Patent Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202420643093.9. The priority right of the application entitled “Cell, cell stacking structure, solar cell module” was filed with the Chinese Patent Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202420646356.1. The priority right of the application entitled “A back contact cell and solar cell module” was filed with the Chinese Patent Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202420644707.5. The priority right of the application entitled “A back contact cell and solar cell module” was filed with the Chinese Patent Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202420644707.5. The priority right is the application number 202420645462.8 submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on March 29, 2024, and the application name is “A battery stacking structure and a tooling for accommodating a battery stacking structure”; the priority right is the application number 202510198949.5 submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on February 21, 2025, and the application name is “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”; the priority right is the application number 202520201131.X submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on February 8, 2025, and the application name is “Solar cell and photovoltaic module”; the priority right is the application number 202520208673.X submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on February 8, 2025, and the application name is “Solar cell and photovoltaic module”. The priority right is claimed by the patent application number 202510215009.2 filed on February 25, 2025, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”; the priority right is claimed by the patent application number 202510221271.8 filed on February 26, 2025, entitled “Solar cell and photovoltaic module”; the priority right is claimed by the patent application number 202410383010.1 filed on March 29, 2024, entitled “A solar cell and photovoltaic module”; and the priority right is claimed by the patent application number 202520291723 filed on February 21, 2025, entitled “Solar cell and photovoltaic module”.5. The priority application entitled “A Solar Cell and Photovoltaic Module” is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and specifically relates to a solar cell, a battery stacking structure and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0004] In back-contact cells, the positive and negative electrodes are placed on the backlight side of the cell to avoid blocking the light-receiving side of the solar cell, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0005] During the production and preparation of back-contact cells, a material box is required to hold and transport the cells. To avoid scratches between the cells, release paper / laminated paper can be used to separate adjacent cells. However, when using release paper / laminated paper for isolation, the release paper / laminated paper needs to be removed before lamination. The operation process is relatively cumbersome, the cost of using release paper / laminated paper is high, and the position is easily shifted. The debris of the release paper easily adheres to the surface of the solar cell, affecting the quality of the laminate. In addition, the release paper has a limited number of uses, and discarding the release paper results in a large cost waste. The release paper also needs to be manually recycled and transported, further increasing the cost waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application aims to provide a solar cell, a cell stacking structure and a photovoltaic module, which can solve the problem in the related art of scratching the surface of the cell due to scratches between the cell stacking and transportation.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application proposes a solar cell comprising: a cell body having a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface, an electrode being provided on the backlight surface, and an isolation member being provided on the light-receiving surface and / or the backlight surface.

[0009] Optionally, the light receiving surface is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart isolating members, and the extension direction of at least some of the isolating members is intersected with the extension direction of the electrodes.

[0010] Optionally, a plurality of electrodes are arranged in sequence along a third direction on the backlight surface, the isolating member includes a first protective member, and at least one of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface is provided with a plurality of first protective members arranged in sequence along the third direction, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the first protective member on the backlight surface along the third direction is greater than the spacing between two adjacent electrodes.

[0011] Optionally, the isolating member is a protective adhesive unit; a protective adhesive layer is provided on at least one of the backlight surface and the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, a plurality of electrodes are provided on the backlight surface, and the protective adhesive layer is composed of a plurality of protective adhesive units arranged at intervals; the minimum distance between two adjacent protective adhesive units is less than the projection width of the electrode on the solar cell surface.

[0012] Optionally, the isolation member includes a plurality of first isolation protrusions and a plurality of second isolation protrusions; the electrode includes a plurality of gate lines; the plurality of first isolation protrusions are arranged on the backlight surface of the battery cell body, and the first isolation protrusions protrude from the backlight surface of the battery cell body; the plurality of second isolation protrusions are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body, and the second isolation protrusions protrude from the light-receiving surface of the battery cell body; the plurality of gate lines are arranged on at least one side of the battery cell body; in the thickness direction of the battery cell body, the height of at least one of the first isolation protrusions and the second isolation protrusions is greater than the height of all gate lines; the plurality of second isolation protrusions are projected on the backlight surface of the battery cell body, and the projections have no intersection with the first isolation protrusions, or the projections have partial intersection with the first isolation protrusions.

[0013] Optionally, the solar cell is a back-contact cell; the isolation member includes insulating glue; the electrode includes a grid line, and the backlight surface of the cell body is provided with insulating glue and the grid line; in the direction away from the cell body, the height of the insulating glue is greater than the height of the grid line, and the Mohs hardness range of the end of the insulating glue away from the back-contact cell is 2-7.

[0014] Optionally, the solar cell is a back-contact cell; the electrode includes a plurality of support grid lines; the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation protrusions; the support grid lines are arranged on the backlight surface of the cell body; the isolation protrusions are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the cell body and protrude from the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the arrangement direction of the isolation protrusions is parallel to the extension direction of the support grid lines; the plurality of isolation protrusions are projected on the backlight surface of the cell body, and at least part of the plurality of support grid lines overlaps with the projections.

[0015] Optionally, the backlight surface is the first surface and the light-receiving surface is the second surface; the electrode includes a plurality of collecting electrodes, which are arranged on the first surface of the battery cell body; a plurality of isolating members are arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface of the battery cell body, and the extension direction of the isolating members intersects with the extension direction of the collecting electrodes; the isolating member includes a plurality of isolating bumps arranged along the extension direction of the isolating member; the distance between two adjacent isolating bumps in the same isolating member in the extension direction of the isolating member is greater than the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes.

[0016] Optionally, the light-receiving surface includes a fifth region and multiple sixth regions; multiple isolation members are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the density of the isolation members located in the fifth region is greater than the density of the isolation members located in the sixth region; the solar cell also includes multiple collecting electrodes, which are arranged on the backlight surface of the cell body, and the multiple sixth regions are arranged along the extension direction of the collecting electrodes; the extension direction of the sixth region is perpendicular to the collecting electrodes.

[0017] Optionally, one of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface is the first surface, and the other is the second surface; the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation bumps, which are provided on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the solar cell body, and the plurality of isolation bumps are arranged in a plurality of rows along the first direction, and each row of isolation bumps includes a plurality of isolation bumps arranged along the second direction; wherein l is the larger of the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the first direction or the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the second direction, h is the height of the isolation bump, and n is the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell, which is an integer, and l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

[0018] Optionally, the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation protrusions arranged at intervals, and the refractive index of the isolation protrusions is smaller than the refractive index of the battery cell body.

[0019] Optionally, the backlight surface is the first surface and the light-receiving surface is the second surface; the electrode includes a plurality of collecting electrodes, which are arranged on the first surface of the battery cell body; the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation structures, which are arranged on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the battery cell body, and the plurality of isolation structures are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes; wherein the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes is greater than the spacing between two adjacent isolation structures in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application proposes a photovoltaic module comprising the aforementioned solar cell.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present application proposes a battery stack structure, which includes a plurality of stacked solar cells as described above.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0024] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a first solar cell according to a first group of embodiments of the present application;

[0025] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a second solar cell according to the first group of embodiments of the present application;

[0027] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a third solar cell according to the first group of embodiments of the present application;

[0028] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth solar cell according to the first group of embodiments of the present application;

[0029] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of stacking solar cells according to a second set of embodiments of the present application;

[0030] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to the second group of embodiments of the present application;

[0031] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to the third group of embodiments of the present application.

[0032] FIG9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery stack structure according to a third set of embodiments of the present application;

[0033] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a first battery stack structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a second battery stack structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the backlight surface of a back-contact cell according to the fifth group of embodiments of the present application;

[0036] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of the AA cross-sectional view in FIG12;

[0037] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the light-receiving surface structure of a solar cell according to the sixth group of embodiments of the present application;

[0038] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a spacer and a collector electrode of a solar cell according to the seventh group of embodiments of the present application;

[0039] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of another arrangement structure of a spacer and a collector electrode of a solar cell according to the seventh group of embodiments of the present application;

[0040] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of another spacer and collector electrode of a solar cell according to the seventh group of embodiments of the present application;

[0041] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a collector electrode of a solar cell according to the seventh group of embodiments of the present application;

[0042] FIG19 is a top view of an isolation member according to the eighth set of embodiments of the present application;

[0043] FIG20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the isolating member of FIG19;

[0044] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a spacer;

[0045] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic assembly according to an eighth set of embodiments of the present application;

[0046] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a first solar cell according to the ninth embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a second solar cell according to the ninth embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG25 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a third solar cell according to the ninth embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG26 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell test according to the ninth embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG27 is a schematic structural diagram of a first arrangement of isolation bumps in a solar cell according to the tenth embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG28 is a schematic structural diagram of a second arrangement of isolation bumps in a solar cell according to the tenth embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG29 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to the eleventh embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG30 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a spacer and a collector electrode of a solar cell according to the twelfth embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG31 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of another isolation member and collecting electrodes of a solar cell according to the twelfth group of embodiments of the present application.

[0055] Figure 1: 100-cell; 100a-cell body; 101-light-receiving surface; 102-backlight surface; 102a-first area; 102b-second area; 102c-third area; 102d-fourth area; 102e-blank area; 103-side; 110-electrode; 120-spacer; 121-first spacer; 122-second spacer; 123-third spacer; 124-annular structure; 200-material box; X-first direction; Y-second direction; A-first angle; B-second angle; 30-first protective member; 40-second protective member; Z-third direction; D1-maximum dimension of the orthographic projection of the first protective member on the backlight surface along the third direction; D2-maximum dimension of the orthographic projection of the first protective member on the backlight surface along the third direction; D3-maximum dimension of the orthographic projection of the first protective member on the backlight surface along the third direction Spacing between two adjacent electrodes; M - Spacing between two adjacent first protective members along the third direction; 300 - Protective adhesive layer; 301 - Protective adhesive unit; H - Projected width of the electrode on the surface of the solar cell; 210 - First isolation protrusion; 211 - First insulating adhesive; 212 - Second insulating adhesive; 310 - Second isolation protrusion; 410 - Grid line; 411 - Preset position; N - Thickness direction of the cell body; 220 - Insulating adhesive; 321 - First main grid line; 322 - First fine grid line; 323 - Second fine grid line; P - Direction away from the cell body; 230 - Isolation protrusion; 231 - Sub-isolation protrusion; 330 - Support grid line; 621 - Isolation bump; 63 - Collector electrode; 631 -first collecting electrode; 6311-first sub-collecting electrode; 632-second collecting electrode; 6321-second sub-collecting electrode; L61-spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same isolating member in the direction S2; L62-spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes; L63-spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same isolating member in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collecting electrodes; L64-spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes; L65-spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes; 711-peripheral portion; 7113-cavity; 712-central portion; 7121-recess; 7124-covering layer; 730-encapsulating film; 51-cover plate; 52-back plate; H71-most portion of the central portion Minimum height; H70 - maximum height of the isolation member; 813 - fifth region; 8131 - third subregion; 814 - sixth region; 8141 - first subregion; 8142 - second subregion; 850 - test mechanism; 851 - holding member; 852 - test probe; X8 - extension direction of the sixth region along the collector electrode; 911 - first side; 912 - second side; X9 - fourth direction; Y9 - fifth direction; L92 - spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fourth direction; L91 - spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps along the fifth direction; h - height of the isolation bump; 320 - isolation structure; 331 - first isolation structure; 332 - second isolation structure; 333 - third isolation structure;L32 - the distance between two adjacent isolation structures in the direction perpendicular to the collector electrode; L33 - the distance between the centers of two adjacent isolation structures in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode; L34 - the minimum distance between the centers of two isolation bumps in two adjacent isolation structures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly refer to one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected entities, and the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the connected entities.

[0058] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0059] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0060] The solar cell and photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0061] In a first aspect, the present application proposes a solar cell comprising: a cell body having a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface, an electrode being provided on the backlight surface, and an isolation member being provided on the light-receiving surface and / or the backlight surface.

[0062] The solar cell according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below.

[0063] A solar cell (also referred to as a cell) includes a cell body, which has a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface. The light-receiving surface is the side of the cell that receives incident light, and the backlight surface is the side of the cell facing away from the light-receiving surface. The backlight surface and the light-receiving surface are arranged opposite each other. The front side of the cell body is the light-receiving surface, and the back side of the cell body is the backlight surface.

[0064] Exemplarily, the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell, and the electrodes of the back-contact solar cell are all arranged on the backlight surface. The electrodes include a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The back-contact cell is a cell in which the P region, N region and gate line are all arranged on the backlight surface of the cell. The light-receiving surface of the back-contact cell can be fully exposed to sunlight, which improves the light absorption efficiency. The design of the back-contact cell can also reduce the current transmission path, reduce resistance, and improve battery performance. When the back-contact cell is transported, multiple back-contact cells need to be stacked. At this time, the light-receiving surface film layer of the solar cell is easily scratched by the backlight surface electrodes of adjacent solar cells, especially the backlight surface electrodes. When the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application stacks multiple solar cells during the transfer process, due to the setting of the isolation member, there is no need to set isolation paper between two adjacent solar cells, which can avoid the technical problems of increasing the production process and affecting the production capacity due to placing the isolation paper on the solar cell and removing the isolation paper during the subsequent component end production; and avoid the technical problem of large cost waste caused by discarding the isolation paper.

[0065] Optionally, a plurality of spacers may be disposed on at least one of the light-receiving and backlight-receiving surfaces of the cell body. Alternatively, a plurality of spacers may be disposed on the light-receiving surface of the cell body. The following description primarily uses the example of spacers disposed on the light-receiving surface of the cell body. When spacers are disposed on the backlight surface, the principles are the same or similar and are not further elaborated here.

[0066] Optionally, the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the manner in which the spacers are disposed on the cell body. For example, the spacers may be printed on the surface of the cell body; another example, the spacers may be applied to the cell body by inkjet printing; another example, the spacers may be applied to the cell body by dispensing glue.

[0067] Optionally, a plurality of spacers are arranged at intervals on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and a plurality of electrodes are provided on the backlight surface of the cell body, wherein the plurality of electrodes are arranged at intervals along the third direction Z. The plurality of electrodes may be arranged in parallel.

[0068] Optionally, the spacer is made of silicone. In this case, the spacer is relatively soft and contact with the electrode will not damage the electrode. Furthermore, the spacer being made of silicone will not substantially affect illumination, thereby preventing optical loss.

[0069] Optionally, the isolator can be made of a transparent material. The isolator can be made of a light-curing adhesive material (such as ultraviolet curing adhesive), an evaporable adhesive material, a degradable adhesive material, an organic melt adhesive material, etc., so as to meet the processing technology requirements. In addition, the material of the isolator used has a certain elasticity, so as to meet the protection and buffering requirements of the light-receiving surface of the battery cell. The isolator is made of a transparent material, so that there is no need to remove the isolator set on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell later, and the battery cell and the isolator can be used as a whole. The transparent isolator does not affect the light-receiving effect of the light-receiving surface of the battery cell. For example, acrylic resin, photosensitive adhesive, polyolefin elastomer (POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), insulating adhesive, hot melt adhesive and other transparent materials can be used. It is understood that during the photovoltaic module manufacturing process, encapsulating films are typically placed on both sides of the cell. The spacer can be made of the same or similar material as the encapsulating film. During lamination, the spacer can be directly laminated into the interior of the photovoltaic module, simplifying the process and minimizing the effect of the spacer on light absorption by the cell. Of course, the spacer can also be made of other types of transparent materials, and this is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0070] In some embodiments, under normal temperature conditions, the isolator is a solid component; under high temperature conditions, the isolator pyrolyzes and vaporizes; wherein the high temperature condition is at least one of the drying and curing process and the string welding process in the subsequent processing of the solar cell. In the above structure of the embodiment of the present application, the isolator has a certain stability under normal temperature conditions, and the isolator will not be in a molten flow state under normal temperature conditions. The isolator can play an isolating role to avoid scratches on the surface of the solar cell body. In the subsequent processing of the solar cell, such as at least one of the drying and curing process and the string welding process, the solar cell will be in a high temperature condition; the isolator pyrolyzes and vaporizes under high temperature conditions, and the isolator does not need to be removed separately, and the subsequent transfer and processing process of the solar cell is simpler, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the isolator has no effect on the appearance of the photovoltaic module made by processing the solar cell, and the presence of the isolator cannot be detected under a strong flashlight or EL test.

[0071] Optionally, the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the normal temperature. For example, the normal temperature is less than or equal to 70°C.

[0072] In some embodiments, the spacer is made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA is a colorless to light yellow crystalline polymer material, which is formed by the polymerization of vinyl alcohol monomers. The melting point of PVA is about 100°C and the boiling point is about 180°C. The PVA film is solid at room temperature; after the component end is coated with insulating glue and / or gray glue, there is a drying and curing stage at the component end. The drying and curing temperature is between 180°C and 340°C. During this stage, the PVA film will be pyrolyzed, and the spacer will also be pyrolyzed without the need to be removed. Moreover, PVA is a water-soluble polymer compound, and the light-receiving surface coating of the battery cell body, such as silicon nitride and silicon oxide, is an inorganic compound. The chemical properties and structures of PVA and the coating are very different, and no direct chemical reaction will occur. Therefore, PVA will not affect the light-receiving surface coating of the battery cell body.

[0073] In some embodiments, at room temperature, the spacer is a solid component; in the lamination process in the subsequent processing of the solar cell, the solar cell is encapsulated by the encapsulation film, and the spacer is cross-linked with the encapsulation film. At this time, the spacer has a certain stability at room temperature, and the spacer will not be in a molten flow state at room temperature. The spacer can play an isolating role to prevent scratches on the surface of the solar cell body. In the lamination process in the subsequent processing of the solar cell, the spacer will melt and cross-link with the encapsulation film; therefore, the spacer does not need to be removed separately, and the subsequent transfer and processing of the solar cell is simpler, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the spacer has no effect on the appearance of the photovoltaic module made by processing the solar cell, and the presence of the spacer cannot be detected under a strong flashlight or EL test.

[0074] It is understandable that the material of the isolation piece can be selected according to the use requirements, for example, at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyolefin elastomer can be selected.

[0075] Optionally, the Mohs hardness of the separator is in the range of 2-7. In this case, when multiple back-contact cells are stacked during the transfer process, the separator contacts the front surface of the adjacent cell body. Since the Mohs hardness of the separator is in the range of 2-7, the separator is softer than the front surface of the cell body, and the separator with a Mohs hardness of 2-7 will not scratch the front surface of the cell body.

[0076] Optionally, to prevent the spacer from scratching the front surface of the back contact cell, after the spacer is cured, the Mohs hardness of the end of the spacer facing away from the back contact cell is less than the Mohs hardness of the front surface of the back contact cell, and the Mohs hardness of the end of the spacer facing away from the back contact cell needs to be in the range of 2-7. The end of the spacer facing away from the back contact cell is used to contact the front surface of the back contact cell.

[0077] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the spacer on the backlight surface at least partially overlaps with the electrode. This ensures that when two cells are stacked, the spacer on one cell can contact the electrode on the other cell, thereby providing isolation and support between the two cells.

[0078] Optionally, the coverage of the spacer on at least one of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface is S81, and 0.5%≤S81≤10%.

[0079] This application considers that if the spacer's coverage of the light-receiving and / or backlight surfaces is too low, the spacer's effectiveness in preventing scratches on the cell body 100a may be poor; if the spacer's coverage of the light-receiving and / or backlight surfaces is too high, light blocking may be severe, hindering light absorption by the cell body 100a. Setting 0.5% ≤ S81 ≤ 10% effectively ensures the spacer's effectiveness in preventing scratches on the cell body 100a while maintaining the cell body's light absorption capacity.

[0080] Specifically, when the spacer 120 is arranged on both the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface, the coverage of the light-receiving surface by the spacer and the coverage of the backlight surface by the spacer may be the same as or different from each other, and this embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.

[0081] For example, the coverage of the isolation member on the light-receiving surface or the backlight surface can be 0.5%, 1.2%, 2%, 3.6%, 4.1%, 5%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.8%, 8%, 9.3%, 10%, etc.

[0082] Optionally, in a direction away from the cell body, the spacer has a height h ranging from 2 μm to 80 μm. In some examples, the spacer has a height h ranging from 15 μm to 50 μm. In other examples, the spacer has a height h ranging from 10 μm to 40 μm. In still other examples, the spacer has a height h ranging from 5 μm to 10 μm. In yet other examples, the spacer has a height h ranging from 3 μm to 80 μm.

[0083] For example, the height range of the isolation member is any value of 2μm, 3μm, 5μm, 10μm, 15μm, 17μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, 45μm, 48μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, and 80μm.

[0084] When h < 2 μm, the height h of the spacer 120 is too small. When adjacent solar cells are stacked, the spacer 120 cannot effectively prevent the collector electrodes, busbar electrodes, terminal wires, solder pads, etc. on the adjacent solar cells from contacting the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell, resulting in no scratch protection, or poor scratch protection. When h > 80 μm, the processing difficulty of the spacer 120 is high and the material cost is high. In the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the height range of the spacer 120, the spacer 120 can ensure its isolation and protection of the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0085] Optionally, the end of the isolation member facing away from the back contact cell is UV glue, and the Mohs hardness range of the UV glue is 2-7. The UV glue is softer than the front of the cell body, and the UV glue will not scratch the front of the cell body. The UV glue plays a protective role; and the UV glue has a high light transmittance and basically does not affect the light absorption efficiency of the battery component.

[0086] In one implementation, the spacer is a flat adhesive layer that completely covers the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. This increases the protection area of ​​the spacer on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, thereby completely preventing scratches and damage to the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, providing excellent protection.

[0087] In another embodiment, the solar cell includes a plurality of spacers spaced apart from each other; the spacers include at least one of adhesive dots (i.e., dot-shaped protrusions), adhesive strips (i.e., ring-shaped or strip-shaped protrusions), and adhesive blocks. This eliminates the need to completely cover the light-receiving surface of the solar cell with a flat adhesive layer, thus reducing adhesive usage and thus production costs.

[0088] Glue point type spacers, glue strip type spacers, and glue block type spacers can all be distributed in an array form on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell.

[0089] The structure of the solar cell of the first group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 .

[0090] In this set of embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 , a solar cell 100 according to some embodiments of the present application includes a cell body 100a having a light-receiving surface 101 and a light-receiving surface 102. The light-receiving surface 102 is provided with an electrode 110, and the light-receiving surface 101 is provided with a plurality of spacers 120 arranged at intervals. The extension direction of at least some of the spacers 120 intersects the extension direction of the electrodes 110. Here, the electrodes 110 may be bus electrodes or collector electrodes.

[0091] In an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of spaced-apart isolation members 120 are provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell body 100a so that when the battery cells 100 are stacked, the isolation members 120 are used to isolate and support two adjacent battery cells 100, thereby forming an isolation and protection effect on the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100, thereby preventing the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100 from being scratched by the adjacent battery cells 100.

[0092] At the same time, in order to avoid the electrodes 110 and the isolation members 120 in the upper and lower battery cells 100 being unable to play an effective isolation role when they are arranged in parallel and staggered, in the embodiment of the present application, by setting the extension direction of at least part of the isolation member 120 to intersect with the extension direction of the electrode 110, it is ensured that there is always part of the isolation member 120 that can isolate and support between the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100 and the electrode 110 of the adjacent battery cell 100, thereby improving the isolation and protection of the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100. In addition, compared with setting the isolation film layer on the entire surface, it can reduce the obstruction of the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100 and improve the conversion efficiency of the battery cell 100. It should be noted that when using the material box 200 to contain the battery cells 100, the multiple battery cells 100 are usually stacked in the material box 200 in sequence with the light-receiving surfaces 101 facing upwards or the backlight surfaces 102 facing upwards. For example, in the embodiment of the present application, multiple battery cells 100 are loaded into the material box 200 with the light-receiving surface 101 facing upward. When the battery cells 100 are stacked in other ways, the same can be applied and will not be described in detail here.

[0093] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a plurality of spacers 120 are provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell body 100a, and a plurality of electrodes are arranged at intervals on the backlight surface 102 of the cell body 100a. The spacers 120 protrude from the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell body 100a in a direction away from the light-receiving surface 101. When the cells 100 are stacked, the spacers 120 can support adjacent cells 100, thereby isolating and protecting the light-receiving surface 101. Furthermore, the spacers 120 arranged at intervals can reduce obstruction of the light-receiving surface 101.

[0094] In a specific application, the extension directions of different isolators 120 provided in the light-receiving surface 101 may be the same or different, and it is only necessary to ensure that the extension direction of at least some of the isolators 120 intersects with the extension direction of the electrodes 110 in the backlight surface 102 .

[0095] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 , the isolating member 120 is formed by a plurality of dot-shaped protrusions and / or a plurality of linear protrusions arranged in sequence and at intervals along a preset direction, where the preset direction is the extending direction of the isolating member.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the spacer 120 is formed by a plurality of dot-shaped protrusions and / or a plurality of linear protrusions arranged in a predetermined direction in sequence. While the spacer 120 provides isolation and protection for the surface of the cell 100, it can also further reduce the coverage area of ​​the spacer 120 on the surface of the cell body 100a, thereby saving material for the preparation of the spacer. Furthermore, due to the difference in refractive index between the spacer 120 and the cell body 100a, the provision of dot-shaped or linear protrusions on the surface of the cell body 100a can also create a light trapping effect, which helps to increase the light absorption rate of the cell 100, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the cell 100.

[0097] In addition, in the process of preparing photovoltaic modules from the cell 100, it is usually necessary to form a polymer layer on the surface of the cell body 100a, and the isolation member 120 is located between the polymer layer and the cell body 100a. By reducing the coverage area of ​​the isolation member 120 on the surface of the cell body 100a, it helps to increase the contact area between the polymer layer and the cell body 100a, thereby reducing the impact of the setting of the isolation member 120 on the interface bonding force between the polymer layer and the cell body 100a.

[0098] Specifically, a plurality of isolation members 120 may be provided on the surface of the battery cell body 100a, each isolation member 120 being formed by a plurality of point-shaped protrusions arranged in sequence at intervals, or by a plurality of line-shaped protrusions arranged in sequence at intervals, or by a plurality of point-shaped protrusions and a plurality of line-shaped protrusions arranged in sequence at intervals.

[0099] For example, as shown in FIG5 , the plurality of dot-shaped protrusions within the dotted box form a spacer 120 , and multiple spacers 120 can be formed on the surface of the battery cell body. The direction in which the plurality of dot-shaped protrusions in each spacer 120 are sequentially arranged is the direction in which the spacer 120 extends.

[0100] It should be noted that the number of dot-shaped protrusions or linear protrusions forming each isolation member 120 is not limited, and the distance between two adjacent protrusion structures (including dot-shaped protrusions and linear protrusions) in each isolation member 120 is also not limited.

[0101] It is understood that when the spacer 120 is composed of multiple dot-shaped protrusions, a row of closely spaced dot-shaped protrusions is referred to as one spacer 120. A dot-shaped protrusion refers to a protrusion structure having a relatively small difference between its dimensions along the extending direction of the spacer 120 and its dimensions perpendicular to the extending direction of the spacer 120. A line-shaped protrusion refers to a protrusion structure having a relatively large difference between its dimensions along the extending direction of the spacer 120 and its dimensions perpendicular to the extending direction of the spacer 120.

[0102] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG3 , the isolation member 120 is a continuously extending strip-shaped protrusion, wherein the extending direction of the strip-shaped protrusion is the extending direction of the isolation member 120 .

[0103] In the embodiment of the present application, the isolation member 120 is provided as a continuously extending strip-shaped protrusion, which facilitates actual design and processing. At the same time, the strip-shaped protrusion has a relatively large bonding force with the surface of the battery cell body 100a, is not easily damaged during use, and can enhance the isolation and protection effect on the battery cell.

[0104] Furthermore, each strip-shaped protrusion may extend along a straight line or a curve. When the strip-shaped protrusion extends in a straight line, the extension direction of the straight line is the extension direction of the strip-shaped protrusion; and when the strip-shaped protrusion extends in a curve, the direction of the line connecting the opposite ends of the strip-shaped protrusion is the extension direction of the strip-shaped protrusion.

[0105] It should be noted that the extension direction of the isolation member 120 intersects the extension direction of the electrode 110 , which means that the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is not parallel to the extension direction of the electrode 110 .

[0106] Optionally, the backlight surface 102 is provided with interconnected bus electrodes and collector electrodes, and the electrode 110 refers to the taller of the two electrodes. Alternatively, if the backlight surface 102 is provided with a collector electrode but not a bus electrode, the electrode 110 refers to the collector electrode. The height refers to the maximum dimension of the corresponding electrode in a direction perpendicular to the backlight surface 102.

[0107] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 1, the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell body 100a may be provided with only a plurality of spacers 120 extending in the same direction. As shown in Figure 3, spacers 120 extending in different directions may also be provided. This can be flexibly arranged according to actual conditions and is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0108] Optionally, as shown in FIG1 , an extension direction of at least a portion of the isolation member 120 forms a first angle A with an extension direction of the electrode 110 , and the first angle A ranges from 30° to 150°.

[0109] In an embodiment of the present application, an angle range of a first angle A is set between the extension direction of at least a portion of the insulating member 120 and the extension direction of the electrode 110, that is, at least a portion of the insulating member 120 is tilted relative to the electrode 110, so that when the battery cell 100 falling above is offset, the partially tilted insulating member 120 can still play an effective isolation and protection role.

[0110] It is understandable that when the battery cells 100 are placed in the material box 200, when the upper battery cell 100 slides freely, a certain positional offset will inevitably occur. The inventors have found through research that the angle of offset when the battery cells 100 are stacked generally does not exceed 30°. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, by setting the first angle A between the extension direction of the isolation member 120 and the extension direction of the electrode 110 to be between 30° and 150°, even if the battery cell 100 is offset during the stacking process, the inclined isolation member 120 can still form an isolation support for the surface electrode 110 of the upper battery cell 100, thereby strengthening the isolation and protection of the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100. It should be noted that during the stacking process in this application, it is necessary to avoid as much as possible the situation where the extension direction of the separator 120 is parallel to the extension direction of the electrode 110 due to the offset of the battery cell 100. In this case, there is a possibility that the separator 120 will offset into the gap between the electrodes 110, and the separator 120 will not be able to form effective contact with or effectively support the surface electrode 110. The gap between the electrodes 110 mentioned above refers to the position between two adjacent electrodes 110.

[0111] Specifically, the first angle A between the extension direction of the insulating member 120 and the extension direction of the electrode 110 can be set to any angle such as 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 80°, 90°, 110°, 120°, 135°, 150°, or a range between any two angles.

[0112] Optionally, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the isolation member 120 includes a plurality of first isolation members 121 arranged at intervals, the extension directions of the plurality of first isolation members 121 are consistent, and the extension direction of the first isolation member 121 is staggered with the extension direction of the electrode 110. In this way, it is convenient for actual processing and manufacturing, and the plurality of first isolation members 121 can be used to form an effective isolation and protection effect on the light-receiving surface 101.

[0113] In some embodiments, the battery cell body 100a has four sides 103, and the first isolation member 121 can be a long strip-shaped protrusion structure extending continuously from one side 103 of the battery cell body 100a to the other side 103; or it can be a plurality of strip-shaped or point-shaped protrusion structures arranged and extending along a fixed direction between the two sides 103.

[0114] In some embodiments, along a direction perpendicular to the extension of the electrodes 110, the spacing between two adjacent electrodes 110 is a first spacing; along a direction perpendicular to the extension of the first spacers 121, the spacing between two adjacent first spacers 121 is a second spacing, which can be set to be smaller than the first spacing. For example, the first spacing can be set to 15 mm, and the second spacing can be set to be smaller than 15 mm.

[0115] Optionally, as shown in FIG3 , the isolating member 120 further includes a plurality of second isolating members 122 , which are arranged at intervals, and the extension directions of the second isolating members 122 are respectively intersected with the extension directions of the first isolating member 121 and the electrode 110 .

[0116] It is understandable that if only an isolating member 120 extending in a single direction is provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100, when the cell 100 falling from above is offset at a certain angle during the stacking process, it is possible that the electrode 110 on the backlight surface 102 of the upper cell 100 is exactly parallel to the isolating member 120 on the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell 100. In this case, there is a possibility that the isolating member 120 is offset into the gap between the electrodes 110, making it impossible for the isolating member 120 to form an effective isolation support for the electrode 110, thereby causing the electrode 110 to directly contact the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell 100, which can easily cause the light-receiving surface 101 of the lower cell 100 to be scratched. It should be noted that when the electrode 110 is a bus electrode, a collector electrode is also provided at a position perpendicular to the bus electrode. The cell 100 may also have only a collector electrode without a bus electrode, in which case the electrode 110 is the collector electrode. In the embodiment of the present application, the first separator 121 and the second separator 122 are provided so that the extension direction of the first separator 121 and the second separator 122 are staggered with the extension direction of the electrode 110, and the extension directions of the first separator 121 and the second separator 122 are also staggered. In this way, during the stacking process of the battery cells 100, when the battery cell 100 falling from above is offset, even if the electrode in the upper battery cell 100 is parallel to one of the first separator 121 and the second separator 122, the other can be used to form an effective isolation support for the electrode 110, thereby avoiding the isolation failure problem caused by the electrode 110 in the upper battery cell 100 being exactly parallel to the separator 120 in the lower battery cell 100, and can enhance the isolation protection effect on the surface of the battery cell 100.

[0117] It is understandable that a plurality of first isolating members 121 and a plurality of second isolating members 122 may be provided and connected in pairs to form a mesh structure, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the isolating member 120 and extending the service life of the isolating member 120 .

[0118] Of course, the first isolating member 121 and the second isolating member 122 may be arranged to be disconnected from each other, so as to flexibly arrange the distribution of the isolating members 120 on the surface of the battery cell 100 . At the same time, the amount of raw materials required to prepare the isolating members 120 may be appropriately reduced.

[0119] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent second spacers 122 along the extension direction perpendicular to the second spacers 122 is a third distance, which can be set to be smaller than the first distance. For example, the first distance can be set to 15 mm, and the third distance is set to be smaller than 15 mm.

[0120] Optionally, as shown in FIG3 , the extension direction of the first spacer 121 and the extension direction of the second spacer 122 form a second angle B, and the range of the second angle B is 60°-180°. Optionally, the second angle B is set to 90°. By setting the angle range of the second angle B, when the battery cell 100 is offset during the stacking process, the first spacer 121 and the second spacer 122 can effectively protect the surface of the battery cell 100.

[0121] Specifically, the second angle B between the extension direction of the first isolation member 121 and the extension direction of the second isolation member 122 can be set to any angle such as 60°, 80°, 90°, 110°, 120°, 150°, 180°, or a range between any two angles.

[0122] Optionally, as shown in Figure 3, the light receiving surface 101 includes four areas, namely, a first area 102a, a second area 102b, a third area 102c and a fourth area 102d; the first area 102a and the second area 102b are arranged along the first direction X, and the third area 102c and the fourth area 102d are arranged along the first direction X; the first area 102a and the third area 102c are arranged along the second direction Y, and the second area 102b and the fourth area 102d are arranged along the second direction Y, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y; a first isolation member 121 is provided in the second area 102b and the third area 102c, and a second isolation member 122 is provided in the first area 102a and the fourth area 102d.

[0123] In the embodiment of the present application, the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell body 100a is divided into four regions. Within the four regions, the spacers 120 in two diagonally distributed regions have the same structure, while the spacers 120 in two adjacent regions extend in different directions. This ensures that the spacers 120 and electrodes 110 between two adjacent cells 100 overlap to the greatest extent possible during the cell stacking process, regardless of any deflection or bending of the cell 100. This enhances the isolation and protection of the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100.

[0124] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the positions of the first isolation member 121 and the second isolation member 122 in each region can be interchanged and can be flexibly set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0125] Optionally, the spacers 120 in two adjacent regions are connected to each other. In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the spacers 120 in two adjacent regions to be connected to each other, the overall structural strength of the spacers 120 is improved, thereby increasing the service life of the spacers 120.

[0126] Optionally, as shown in FIG3 and FIG4 , a blank area 102e is provided between two adjacent areas.

[0127] Specifically, a blank area 102e may be provided between the first area 102a and the third area 102c, and between the second area 102b and the fourth area 102d; alternatively, a blank area 102e may be provided between the first area 102a and the second area 102b, and between the third area 102c and the fourth area 102d. No spacer 120 is provided in the blank area 102e, so that during the cell processing process, the cell 100 can be cut from the blank area 102e to form half-cells 100.

[0128] Optionally, as shown in FIG3 , the plurality of isolation members 120 on the light receiving surface 101 are distributed in an axisymmetric manner.

[0129] In an embodiment of the present application, a number of isolation members 120 are arranged on the light-receiving surface 101 in an axially symmetrical distribution, so that the distribution structure of the isolation members 120 on the surface of the battery cell 100 is more regular, so that when the upper battery cell is offset during the stacking process, the isolation members 120 in at least one area can form an isolation support for the upper battery cell 100, thereby ensuring the isolation and protection of the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100.

[0130] Specifically, a first axis extending along a first direction X can be set at the center point of the light-receiving surface 101, and the plurality of spacers 120 on the light-receiving surface 101 are symmetrically distributed about the first axis; alternatively, a second axis extending along a second direction Y can be set at the center point of the light-receiving surface 101, and the plurality of spacers 120 on the light-receiving surface 101 are symmetrically distributed about the second axis. In specific applications, the cell can be cut based on the first axis or the second axis to obtain a half-cell.

[0131] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 4 , the isolating member 120 further includes a third isolating member 123 , which is disposed around at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the light-receiving surface 101 , and is connected to the first isolating member 121 and / or the second isolating member 122 .

[0132] It is understood that when stacking the battery cells 100 into the magazine 200, a transfer mechanism is required to suck the battery cells 100 for transfer. The transfer mechanism is provided with an adsorption plane, which is provided with a plurality of adsorption holes. During the transfer operation, the adsorption plane of the transfer mechanism is brought into contact with the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100, and negative pressure is provided through the plurality of adsorption holes to use the adsorption plane to adsorb and fix the battery cell 100. When a spacer 120 is provided on the light-receiving surface 101, since the spacer 120 protrudes from the light-receiving surface 101, it will affect the fit between the adsorption plane of the transfer mechanism and the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100, thereby affecting the vacuum adsorption effect of the transfer mechanism on the battery cell 100.

[0133] To this end, in an embodiment of the present application, a third isolating member 123 is provided on all four edges of the light-receiving surface 101, so that the third isolating member 123 is provided around at least part of the circumferential edge of the light-receiving surface 101, and the third isolating member 123 is connected to the first isolating member 121 and / or the second isolating member 122. In this way, when the adsorption plane of the transfer mechanism contacts the isolating member 120 on the surface of the battery cell 100, a closed or semi-closed space will be formed locally, which helps to improve the vacuum adsorption effect.

[0134] Specifically, the battery cell body 100a has four sides 103, and a third isolation member 123 can be set at the corresponding position of each side 103. The third isolation member 123 is parallel to the corresponding side 103, and the third isolation members 123 corresponding to two adjacent sides 103 can be connected to each other or not.

[0135] In addition, a reinforcing protrusion can be set at the blank position on the edge of the light-receiving surface 101, so that the reinforcing protrusion is connected to the first isolation member 121 and / or the second isolation member 122 at the corresponding position to strengthen the isolation and protection effect of the edge area. The specific structure of the reinforcing protrusion can be flexibly set according to actual conditions, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0136] Optionally, the light receiving surface 101 is provided with a plurality of regions, each region is provided with an isolation member 120 , and the extension directions of the isolation members 120 in two adjacent regions are staggered.

[0137] In an embodiment of the present application, the light-receiving surface 101 is divided into multiple areas, an isolation member 120 is provided in each area, and the extension directions of the isolation members 120 in two adjacent areas are staggered. In this way, during the stacking process of the battery cells 100, no matter how the battery cells 100 falling from above are offset or tilted, there will always be some isolation members 120 that can form effective isolation support for the electrodes 110 or edges of the upper battery cells 100, thereby enhancing the isolation and protection effect on the surface of the battery cells 100.

[0138] 6 to 7 , the structure of the solar cell of the second group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0139] In this set of embodiments, the backlight surface is provided with a plurality of electrodes spaced sequentially along a third direction, and the spacer includes a first protective member. As shown in FIG6 , a solar cell 100 according to some embodiments of the present application includes a cell body 100a, wherein the cell body 100a has a light-receiving surface 101 and a backlight surface 102. The backlight surface 102 is provided with a plurality of electrodes 110 spaced sequentially along a third direction Z. At least one of the light-receiving surface 101 and the backlight surface 102 is provided with a plurality of first protective members 30 spaced apart. The maximum dimension of the orthographic projection of the first protective member 30 on the backlight surface 102 along the third direction Z is greater than the spacing between two adjacent electrodes 110.

[0140] In the embodiment of the present application, when the battery cells 100 are stacked, a plurality of first protective members 30 can be used to serve as an isolation support between two adjacent battery cells 100. Compared with the related art in which a full-surface isolation film is provided, the coverage area of ​​the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100 can be reduced, thereby reducing the shading rate of the light-receiving surface 101. On the premise of satisfying the isolation and protection effect on the light-receiving surface 101, the conversion efficiency of the battery cell 100 can be effectively improved.

[0141] The electrode 110 in the embodiment of the present application can be a main grid line or a fine grid line provided on the backlight surface 10b. The main grid line can also be called a bus electrode, and the fine grid line can also be called a collector electrode. Typically, when two battery cells 100 are stacked on top of each other, the main grid line or the fine grid line will support the two battery cells 100 as a support grid line, and the support grid line can be set as the electrode 110.

[0142] The light-receiving surface 101 and the backlight surface 102 of the cell body 100a can be considered as two parallel planes. Each first protective member 30 is projected onto the backlight surface 102 in a direction perpendicular to the backlight surface 102 to form a projection pattern. The length of the projection pattern can be measured along the arrangement direction of the electrodes 110 (i.e., along the third direction Z), and multiple length dimension values ​​are obtained. The maximum value of these multiple length dimension values ​​is taken as the maximum dimension D1 of the projection pattern along the third direction Z, i.e., the maximum dimension D1 of the orthographic projection of the first protective member 30 on the backlight surface 102 along the third direction Z. Accordingly, along the third direction Z, the spacing between two adjacent electrodes 110 is D2, with D1 > D2.

[0143] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6 , the maximum dimension D1 of the orthographic projection of the first protective member 30 on the backlight surface 102 along the third direction Z is set to be greater than the spacing D2 between two adjacent electrodes 110. In this way, when two battery cells 100 are stacked, the first protective member 30 in one of the battery cells 100 can be prevented from directly falling between two adjacent electrodes 110 on the other battery cell 100, thereby ensuring that the first protective member 30 can always be isolated and supported on the electrode 110 of the other battery cell 100 during the stacking process, thereby effectively reducing the risk of the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100 being directly in contact with the electrode 110 of the other battery cell 100 and being scratched by friction.

[0144] Alternatively, as shown in FIG7 , the first protective member 30 is a dot-shaped protrusion; alternatively, the first protective member 30 is a ring-shaped protrusion; or alternatively, the first protective member 30 is a strip-shaped protrusion. Alternatively, as shown in FIG6 , the maximum dimension of the orthographic projection of the first protective member 30 on the backlight surface 102 along the third direction Z is D1, and the spacing between two adjacent electrodes 110 is D2, satisfying the following relationship: 1 / 30 < D1 / D2 ≤ 20 / 3.

[0145] This ensures that the first protective member 30 can effectively isolate and support the electrodes 110 on adjacent cells 100 during stacking, while also preventing the first protective member 30 from being oversized, which would increase production costs and increase shading of the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100. In some examples, 1<D1 / D2≤2.

[0146] Exemplarily, the ratio D1 / D2 between the maximum dimension D1 of the orthographic projection of the first protective member 30 on the backlight surface 102 along the third direction Z and the spacing D2 between two adjacent electrodes 110 can be set to any value such as 1 / 30, 0.2, 0.6, 0.5, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 20 / 3, or a range between any two values.

[0147] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 7 , along the third direction Z, the distance between two adjacent first protective members 30 is M, satisfying: M≤8 mm.

[0148] Because the battery cells 100 generally have a certain degree of flexible deformation capability, when stacking the battery cells 100, if the spacing between two adjacent first protective members 30 is too large, the portion of the battery cell 100 located between the two first protective members 30 may bend under the action of gravity, which may easily cause the bent portion of the battery cell 100 to contact the electrode 110 of another battery cell 100, causing scratches on the light-receiving surface 101 of the battery cell 100. Within this value range, the spacing between the two first protective members 30 can be prevented from being too large, thereby failing to effectively isolate and protect the battery cells 100.

[0149] For example, the distance M between two adjacent first protective members 30 can be set to any value such as 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, or a range between any two values.

[0150] Optionally, as shown in FIG7 , the spacer further includes a second protective member 40. The second protective member 40 is staggered with the first protective member 30, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the second protective member 40 on the light-receiving surface 101 is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the first protective member 30 on the light-receiving surface 101. The second protective member 40 provides enhanced protection for the area spaced apart from the first protective member 30. Thus, the combination of the first and second protective members 30, 40, can maximize the isolation and protection of the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell 100 while using less raw materials.

[0151] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG7 , the second protective member 40 may be configured as at least one of a dot-shaped protrusion, a ring-shaped protrusion, and a strip-shaped protrusion, thereby enabling the second protective member 40 to enhance protection of the surface of the battery cell 100 while also facilitating actual design and processing.

[0152] As previously mentioned, the first protective member 30 can be made of a transparent material, such as photosensitive adhesive, polyolefin elastomer (POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), insulating adhesive, hot melt adhesive, or the like. Of course, the first protective member 30 can also be made of other types of transparent materials, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application. The second protective member 40 can be made of the same material as the first protective member 30, or can be made of different materials.

[0153] Optionally, the heights of the first protective member 30 and the second protective member 40 are equal along a direction perpendicular to the light-receiving surface 101, so that when the battery cells 100 are stacked, the first protective member 30 and the second protective member 40 can simultaneously contact the grid lines or backlight surfaces 102 of adjacent battery cells 100, thereby enhancing the isolation and protection effect on the surface of the battery cells 100.

[0154] Of course, the heights of the first protection member 30 and the second protection member 40 may also be set to be unequal.

[0155] Optionally, as shown in Figure 7 , a plurality of first protection members 30 are arranged in an array. Optionally, as shown in Figure 7 , a plurality of second protection members 40 are arranged in an array.

[0156] Optionally, the backlight surface 102 of the battery cell body 100a is further provided with an insulating adhesive layer, which covers at least part of the electrode 110, and the orthographic projection of the first protective member 30 on the backlight surface 102 is staggered with the insulating adhesive layer; and / or, the orthographic projection of the second protective member 40 on the backlight surface 102 is staggered with the insulating adhesive layer.

[0157] Specifically, in the back-contact battery cell 100, the positive and negative electrodes are both arranged on the backlight surface 102 of the battery cell 100. When multiple battery cells 100 are connected to form a battery string, it is usually necessary to use a soldering ribbon to weld the electrodes 110 in two adjacent battery cells. In order to reduce the risk of short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes when the soldering ribbon is offset, an insulating adhesive layer is usually provided on the backlight surface 102, and the insulating adhesive layer partially covers the electrodes 110 to play an insulating isolation role between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0158] When stacking the battery cells 100, if the first protective member 30 and / or the second protective member 40 contacts the insulating adhesive layer, the gap between the two battery cells 100 will be too large, which may easily cause the unsupported portion of the battery cell to deform further. To this end, in the embodiment of the present application, by setting the orthographic projection of the first protective member 30 and / or the second protective member 40 on the backlight surface 102 to be staggered with the insulating adhesive layer, when the battery cells 100 are stacked, it can be ensured that the first protective member 30 and / or the second protective member 40 in one battery cell 100 does not contact the insulating adhesive layer on the other battery cell 100, which helps to reduce the gap between the two battery cells 100.

[0159] 8 to 9 , the structure of the solar cell of the third group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0160] In this set of embodiments, the spacer is a protective adhesive unit. Referring to FIG8 , an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell (also referred to as a cell body) 100. A protective adhesive layer 300 is provided on at least one of the backlight side (i.e., the back surface) and the light-receiving side (i.e., the front surface) of the solar cell 100 (the figure shows that the protective adhesive layer 300 is provided on the light-receiving side of the solar cell 100). The backlight side is provided with a plurality of electrodes 110. The protective adhesive layer 300 is composed of a plurality of protective adhesive units 301 spaced apart. The minimum distance h1 between two adjacent protective adhesive units 301 is less than the projection width H of the electrodes 110 on the surface of the solar cell 100.

[0161] In an embodiment of the present application, a protective adhesive layer 300 can be provided on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell 100. This allows, when a plurality of battery cells 100 are stacked, each electrode 110 on the backlight surface of one battery cell 100 can be supported by two adjacent protective adhesive units 301 corresponding to the light-receiving surface of another adjacent battery cell 100. The appropriate spacing between the two adjacent protective adhesive units 301 prevents the electrode 110 on the backlight surface of one battery cell 100 from directly contacting the light-receiving surface of another adjacent battery cell 100, thereby preventing the light-receiving surface of the battery cell from being scratched due to electrode contact, thereby protecting the surface of the battery cell.

[0162] 9 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a structural schematic diagram of a battery stacking structure, the battery stacking structure comprising: a plurality of stacked battery cells 100, wherein the backlight surface of the battery cell 100 is provided with an electrode 110; in the battery stacking structure, the backlight surface of one battery cell 100 is arranged opposite to the light-receiving surface of another adjacent battery cell 100; a protective adhesive layer 300 is provided on the light-receiving surface of the battery cell 100; the protective adhesive layer 300 is composed of a plurality of protective adhesive units 301 arranged at intervals; for two adjacent battery cells 100 in the battery stacking structure, each electrode 110 on the backlight surface of one battery cell 100 has corresponding two adjacent protective adhesive units 301 on the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell 100, and the minimum distance h1 between the two adjacent protective adhesive units 301 is less than the projection width H of the electrode 110 on the backlight surface of the battery cell 100.

[0163] This design prevents scratches on the light-receiving surface of the cell from contact with the electrodes, thus protecting the cell surface. Furthermore, the protective adhesive layer is fixed to the light-receiving surface of the cell, making it less likely to fall off or shift, thus providing continuous protection for the cell surface. The spaced-apart protective adhesive units 301 minimize the amount of adhesive used.

[0164] Optionally, the electrode 110 includes an end line, a welding point (i.e., a welding pad, also called a pad point) and a fine grid line, and the end line is electrically connected to part of the fine grid line; the minimum distance between two adjacent protective glue units 301 is less than the projection width of the higher one among the end line, the welding point and the main grid line on the backlight surface of the solar cell.

[0165] Optionally, the electrode includes a welding point, a main grid line and a thin grid line; the minimum distance between two adjacent protective glue units is less than the projection width of the higher one among the welding point, the main grid line and the thin grid line on the backlight surface of the solar cell.

[0166] Optionally, the electrode includes a welding point and a thin grid line; and the minimum distance between two adjacent protective glue units is smaller than the projection width of the higher one of the welding point and the thin grid line on the backlight surface of the solar cell.

[0167] Optionally, the electrode 110 includes a main grid line and a fine grid line; when the raised height of the main grid line is greater than the raised height of the fine grid line, the minimum distance between two adjacent protective glue units 301 is less than the projection width of the main grid line on the backlight surface of the battery cell 100; when the raised height of the main grid line is less than the raised height of the fine grid line, the minimum distance between two adjacent protective glue units 301 is less than the projection width of the fine grid line on the backlight surface of the battery cell 100.

[0168] For a back-contact battery, its electrodes may specifically include main grid lines and fine grid lines, and the main grid lines are perpendicular to the fine grid lines.

[0169] When the protruding height of the main grid lines of the battery cell 100 is greater than the protruding height of the fine grid lines, when two adjacent battery cells 100 are stacked, the main grid lines on the backlight side of one battery cell 100 first contact and support the two adjacent protective glue units 301 corresponding to the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell 100. However, due to the shorter height of the fine grid lines, on the premise that the main grid lines have formed support, the fine grid lines will not cause contact with the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell 100 facing it, thereby avoiding direct contact between the electrode of one battery cell and the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell, thus solving the problem of the electrode of one battery cell scratching the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell, thereby improving the protection effect on the surface of the battery cell.

[0170] When the protruding height of the main grid line of the battery cell 100 is smaller than the protruding height of the fine grid line, when two adjacent battery cells 100 are stacked, the fine grid line on the backlight side of one battery cell 100 first contacts and supports the two adjacent protective glue units 301 corresponding to the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell 100. Since the main grid line is shorter, under the premise that the fine grid line has formed support, the main grid line will not cause contact with the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell 100 facing it, thereby avoiding direct contact between the electrode of one battery cell and the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell, thus solving the problem of the electrode of one battery cell scratching the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell, thereby improving the protection effect of the battery cell surface.

[0171] Optionally, the electrode 110 includes a welding point, a main grid line and a fine grid line; when the protrusion height of the welding point is greater than the protrusion height of the main grid line and the fine grid line, the minimum distance between two adjacent protective glue units 301 is less than the projection width of the welding point on the backlight surface of the battery cell.

[0172] In one implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the electrode 110 may include, in addition to the main grid lines and the fine grid lines, a welding point, namely a pad, which is specifically used to realize welding of the electrode 110. Therefore, when the protrusion height of the welding point is greater than the protrusion height of the main grid lines and the fine grid lines, when two adjacent battery cells 100 are stacked, the welding point of the backlight surface of one battery cell 100 first contacts and supports the two adjacent protective glue units 301 corresponding to the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell 100, and the main grid lines and the fine grid lines are shorter in height. Under the premise that the welding points have formed support, the main grid lines and the fine grid lines will not cause contact with the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell 100, thereby avoiding direct contact between the electrode of one battery cell and the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell, thus solving the problem of the electrode of one battery cell scratching the light-receiving surface of the other battery cell, thereby improving the protection effect on the surface of the battery cell.

[0173] Optionally, the electrode includes only thin grid lines; and the minimum distance between two adjacent protective glue units is smaller than the projection width of the thin grid lines on the backlight surface of the cell.

[0174] Optionally, the weight of a single protective adhesive unit is less than or equal to 15 mg, which can save adhesive usage while achieving the basic supporting function of the protective adhesive unit.

[0175] 10 and 11 , the structure of the solar cell of the fourth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0176] In this group of embodiments, the solar cell includes a plurality of first isolation protrusions 210, a plurality of second isolation protrusions 310, a plurality of grid lines 410 and a cell body 100a; the plurality of first isolation protrusions 210 are arranged on the backlight surface 102 (i.e., the back side) of the cell body, and the first isolation protrusions 210 protrude from the backlight surface 102 of the cell body; the plurality of second isolation protrusions 310 are arranged on the light-receiving surface 101 (i.e., the front side) of the cell body, and the second isolation protrusions 310 protrude from the light-receiving surface 101 of the cell body; the plurality of grid lines 410 are arranged on at least one side of the cell body; in the thickness direction of the cell body 100a (i.e., the N direction in Figure 10), the height of at least one of the first isolation protrusions 210 and the second isolation protrusions 310 is greater than the height of all the grid lines 410; the plurality of second isolation protrusions 310 are projected on the backlight surface 102 of the cell body, and the projections have no intersection with the first isolation protrusions 210, or the projections have a partial intersection with the first isolation protrusions 210. That is, the second isolation protrusions 310 and the first isolation protrusions 210 are arranged alternately, not correspondingly.

[0177] There are many types of solar cells. For example, a solar cell includes a main grid line and fine grid lines, where the main grid line is higher than the fine grid lines, or the main grid line is lower than the fine grid lines; for another example, a solar cell includes multiple fine grid lines.

[0178] In the embodiment of the present application, in the thickness direction of the cell body 100 a (ie, the N direction in FIG. 10 ), the height of at least one of the first isolation protrusion 210 and the second isolation protrusion 310 is greater than the height of all the gate lines 410 .

[0179] During the transfer process of the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application, multiple solar cell cells are stacked, with the backlight surface of one solar cell in contact with the light-receiving surface of another solar cell cell. Because the height of at least one of the first isolation protrusion 210 and the second isolation protrusion 310 in the thickness direction of the solar cell body 100a is greater than the height of all the grid lines 410, a gap exists between the grid lines 410 of one solar cell and the surface of another solar cell cell. The grid lines 410 do not contact the surface of the adjacent solar cell body 100a, and the grid lines 410 do not scratch the surface of the adjacent solar cell body 100a, effectively reducing the possibility of scratching the surface of the solar cell body 100a during the transfer process. The second isolation protrusion 310 is provided on the light-receiving surface 101 of the solar cell body, and the first isolation protrusion 210 is provided on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell body. The second isolation protrusion 310 and the first isolation protrusion 210 can achieve a dual isolation effect, more effectively preventing the grid lines 410 from contacting the surface of the solar cell body.

[0180] Optionally, grid lines 410 are provided on the backlight surface 102 of the cell body, and the first isolation protrusion 210 is an insulating adhesive. As shown in FIG11 , the insulating adhesive is connected to a predetermined position 411 of the grid lines 410. Back-contact solar cells typically include insulating adhesive to prevent short circuits between two grid lines 410 of opposite polarity on the backlight surface 102 of the cell body. When the first isolation protrusion 210 is an insulating adhesive, a separate first isolation protrusion 210 need not be provided, reducing the amount of adhesive used and the number of process steps, thereby saving production costs.

[0181] In the embodiment of the present application, the preset position of the gate line 410 is a position where two gate lines 410 with opposite polarities are likely to short-circuit. For example, the preset position is an end portion of the gate line 410 .

[0182] Optionally, the backlight surface 102 of the cell body is provided with a grid line 410 , and the first isolation protrusion 210 is an insulating glue located in the gap between two adjacent grid lines 410 . In this case, the insulating glue can be prevented from affecting the subsequent processing and use of the grid lines 410 .

[0183] Optionally, the backlight surface 102 of the cell body is provided with a gate line 410 , and the first isolation protrusion 210 is an insulating glue connected to the preset position 411 of the gate line 410 , and the insulating glue is located in the gap between two adjacent gate lines 410 .

[0184] 12 to 13 , the structure of the solar cell of the fifth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0185] In this set of embodiments, the solar cell is a back-contact cell; the spacer comprises insulating adhesive; and the electrode comprises a grid line. Referring to Figure 12 , the back-contact cell comprises a cell body 100a, insulating adhesive 220, and grid lines 410. The backlight side of the cell body 100a is provided with insulating adhesive 220 and grid lines 410. In a direction away from the cell body 100a, the height of the insulating adhesive 220 is greater than the height of the grid lines 410. The Mohs hardness of the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell is in the range of 2-7.

[0186] The insulating glue 220 of the back contact battery cell has a variety of usage structures, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this. For example, when the grid line 410 includes a fine grid line and a main grid line, the insulating glue 220 is connected to the fine grid line to avoid a short circuit caused by the fine grid line. For example, the grid line 410 includes a fine grid line but does not include a main grid line; the fine grid line outputs electrical energy through a welding strip. At this time, the insulating glue 220 can be connected to the welding strip, and the insulating glue 220 is used to fix the welding strip or avoid a short circuit at the welding strip. For example, the grid line 410 includes a fine grid line but does not include a main grid line. In order to avoid a short circuit caused by the fine grid line, the insulating glue 220 is provided on the end of the fine grid line. For another example, the insulating glue 220 is not connected to the welding strip, the grid line 410, etc., and the insulating glue 220 is only connected to the backlight surface of the battery cell body 100a.

[0187] In the back-contact cell of the present embodiment, the height of the insulating adhesive 220 in the direction away from the cell body 100a is greater than the height of the gate lines 410. When multiple back-contact cells are stacked during transfer, the insulating adhesive 220 contacts the front sides of adjacent cell bodies 100a. Because the Mohs hardness of the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell is in the range of 2-7, the end of the insulating adhesive 220 is not only softer than the front side of the cell body 100a, but also prevents the end of the insulating adhesive 220 from scratching the front side of the cell body 100a. Furthermore, the gate lines 410 do not protrude beyond the insulating adhesive 220 and scratch the front side of adjacent cell bodies 100a. The provision of the insulating adhesive 220 effectively reduces the possibility of front-side damage to the back-contact cell during transfer. Furthermore, placing the insulating adhesive 220 on the backlight side of the cell body 100a prevents light from being blocked by the insulating adhesive 220, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact cell. It should be noted that the Mohs hardness of the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell does not necessarily need to be less than the Mohs hardness of the front of the cell body 100a to ensure that the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell will not scratch the front of the adjacent cell body 100a. Instead, the Mohs hardness of the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell must be in the range of 2-7 to prevent scratching the front of the adjacent cell body 100a. The front of the cell body 100a is generally passivated using silicon nitride, which has a Mohs hardness range of 9-9.5. When the Mohs hardness of the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell is in the range of 2-7, the difference between the Mohs hardness of this end and the Mohs hardness of the front of the cell body 100a ensures that the end of the insulating adhesive 220 will not scratch the front of the cell body 100a.

[0188] Optionally, there are multiple types of grid lines 410 (such as the first main grid line 321, the first fine grid line 322, and the second fine grid line 323 in Figure 12); in the direction away from the battery cell body 100a, the height of the insulating glue 220 is greater than the height of all grid lines 410.

[0189] Figure 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of the AA cross-sectional view in Figure 12, as well as a schematic structural diagram of a cross-sectional view extending to the right (partially not shown) of Figure 12. The insulating adhesive 220 includes a first insulating adhesive 211 and a second insulating adhesive 212. The first insulating adhesive 211 is connected to the backlight surface of the back contact cell and covers at least a portion of the gate line 410. The second insulating adhesive 212 covers at least a portion of the surface of the first insulating adhesive 211.

[0190] In the back-contact cell of the embodiment of the present application, in order to avoid short circuits, at least part of the position of the gate line 410 needs to be covered with the first insulating glue 211. There are two situations in which the second insulating glue 212 covers at least part of the surface of the first insulating glue 211: when the second insulating glue 212 covers part of the surface of the first insulating glue 211, the second insulating glue 212 can prevent the front of the cell body 100a from being scratched by the gate line 410 on the backlight surface of the adjacent cell body 100a, while also reducing the amount of the second insulating glue 212 used, which can save production costs. When the second insulating glue 212 covers all the surfaces of the first insulating glue 211, the second insulating glue 212 has relatively more contact points with the front of the cell body 100a, which can more reliably prevent the gate line 410 from scratching the front of the cell body 100a.

[0191] Optionally, the insulating adhesive 220 includes a first insulating adhesive 211 and a second insulating adhesive 212; the first insulating adhesive 211 is connected to the backlight surface of the back-contact cell and covers at least a portion of the grid line 410; the second insulating adhesive 212 has a bump-shaped structure, and the second insulating adhesive 212 is connected to at least a portion of the surface of the first insulating adhesive 211 facing away from the cell body 100a. The second insulating adhesive 212 has a bump-shaped structure, which reduces the amount of second insulating adhesive 212 used, thereby saving production costs. When the second insulating adhesive 212 is connected to a portion of the surface of the first insulating adhesive 211 facing away from the cell body 100a, the amount of second insulating adhesive 212 used can be further reduced, further saving production costs. When the second insulating adhesive 212 is connected to all surfaces of the first insulating adhesive 211 facing away from the cell body 100a, the second insulating adhesive 212 has relatively more contact points with the front of the cell body 100a, more reliably preventing the grid line 410 from scratching the front of the cell body 100a.

[0192] Optionally, to prevent the insulating adhesive 220 from scratching the front surface of the back-contact cell, after the insulating adhesive 220 is cured, the Mohs hardness of the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell is lower than the Mohs hardness of the front surface of the back-contact cell, and the Mohs hardness of the end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell needs to be in the range of 2-7. The end of the insulating adhesive 220 facing away from the back-contact cell is used to contact the front surface of the back-contact cell.

[0193] Optionally, the insulating glue 220 includes a first insulating glue 211 and a second insulating glue 212, the first insulating glue 211 is connected to the backlight surface of the battery cell body and covers the preset position of the gate line; the second insulating glue 212 is connected to at least part of the first insulating glue 211, and the second insulating glue 212 covers the surface of the first insulating glue 211 facing away from the battery cell body.

[0194] Optionally, the insulating adhesive 220 only includes the first insulating adhesive 211 , and the first insulating adhesive 211 is connected to the backlight surface of the back contact cell and covers at least a portion of the gate line.

[0195] As mentioned above, the height h of the spacer is in the range of 2 μm to 80 μm.

[0196] In some examples, the height of the insulating adhesive 220 in the direction away from the battery cell body ranges from 15 μm to 50 μm. It is understood that the height range of the insulating adhesive 220 is selected based on specific usage requirements. For example, the height range of the insulating adhesive 220 is any value among 15 μm, 17 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 48 μm, and 50 μm.

[0197] In some examples, the thickness of the first insulating adhesive 211 ranges from 10 μm to 40 μm. When the thickness of the first insulating adhesive 211 is within the above range, the amount of the first insulating adhesive 211 used can be minimized while achieving good insulation, thereby reducing production costs. It is understood that the thickness of the first insulating adhesive 211 is selected based on specific usage requirements. For example, the thickness of the first insulating adhesive 211 can be any value of 10 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 38 μm, or 40 μm.

[0198] In some examples, the thickness of the second insulating adhesive 212 ranges from 5 μm to 10 μm. When the thickness of the second insulating adhesive 212 is within the above range, the second insulating adhesive 212 can prevent damage to the front surface of the battery cell body 100a when in contact with the front surface of the battery cell body 100a and avoid increasing the thickness of the back contact battery cell. It is understood that the thickness of the second insulating adhesive 212 is selected based on specific usage requirements. For example, the thickness of the second insulating adhesive 212 is any value selected from 5 μm, 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, 7.5 μm, 8 μm, 8.5 μm, 9 μm, 9.5 μm, and 10 μm.

[0199] The structure of the solar cell of the sixth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG14 .

[0200] In this group of embodiments, the solar cell is a back-contact cell; the electrode includes a plurality of support grid lines; and the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation protrusions. Referring to FIG14 , FIG14 shows a schematic diagram of the light-receiving surface structure of the back-contact cell provided in the embodiment of the present application. The back-contact cell includes a cell body 100a, a plurality of support grid lines 330, and a plurality of isolation protrusions 230; the support grid lines 330 are provided on the backlight surface of the cell body 100a; the isolation protrusions 230 are provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a and protrude from the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a, and the arrangement direction of the isolation protrusions 230 is parallel to the extension direction of the support grid lines 330.

[0201] In some examples, the plurality of isolation protrusions 230 project onto the backlight surface of the cell body 100a, and at least a portion of the plurality of support grid lines 330 overlaps with the projection. It should be noted that the aforementioned overlap refers to an overlapping portion.

[0202] In some embodiments, the support grid line 330 is the tallest grid line in the back-contact cell in a direction away from the cell body 100a. For example, the back-contact cell includes a main grid line and fine grid lines, and the main grid line is taller than the fine grid lines. In this case, the main grid line is the support grid line 330. For example, the back-contact cell includes a main grid line and fine grid lines, and the main grid line is shorter than the fine grid lines. In this case, the fine grid line is the support grid line 330. For another example, the back-contact cell has no main grid lines and only includes multiple fine grid lines. The tallest fine grid line among the multiple fine grid lines is the support grid line 330.

[0203] In the back contact cell of the embodiment of the present application, when the back contact cell stacks multiple back contact cell pieces during the transfer process, the backlight surface of one back contact cell piece contacts the light-receiving surface of another back contact cell piece. Since the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a is provided with an isolation protrusion 230, and the isolation protrusion 230 protrudes from the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a, the arrangement direction of the isolation protrusion 230 is parallel to the extension direction of the support grid line 330; multiple isolation protrusions 230 are projected on the backlight surface of the cell body 100a, and at least part of the multiple support grid lines 330 overlap with the projection, which makes the isolation protrusion 230 on one back contact cell piece and the light-receiving surface of another back contact cell piece contact each other. When the support grid lines 330 on the cell are oriented in the same direction, they contact the corresponding isolation protrusions 230. Alternatively, a portion of the support grid lines 330 contacts the corresponding isolation protrusions 230, while a gap exists between the remaining portion of the support grid lines 330 and the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a. When the isolation protrusions 230 on one back-contact cell intersect with the support grid lines 330 on another back-contact cell, multiple support grid lines 330 are arranged vertically and horizontally with multiple isolation protrusions 230 and contact the intersecting portions. A gap exists between the portion of the support grid lines 330 not in contact with the isolation protrusions 230 and the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a. Therefore, the support grid lines 330 do not contact the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the support grid lines 330 do not scratch the light-receiving surface of the adjacent cell body 100a, effectively reducing the possibility of scratching the light-receiving surface of the back-contact cell during transfer.

[0204] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 14 , the isolation protrusion 230 includes a plurality of sub-isolation protrusions 231 , and the sub-isolation protrusions 231 are in a convex dot-shaped structure; the plurality of sub-isolation protrusions 231 in any isolation protrusion 230 are arranged at intervals.

[0205] Optionally, the isolation protrusion 230 is in the form of an elongated strip. The isolation protrusion 230 of the elongated strip structure is disposed correspondingly to the support grid line 330. When multiple back-contact cells are stacked, the isolation protrusion 230 of the elongated strip structure can provide a larger and continuous isolation contact area, thereby achieving a more stable isolation effect between the light-receiving surface of the back-contact cell and the backlight surface of the back-contact cell.

[0206] 15 to 18 , the structure of the solar cell of the seventh group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail.

[0207] In this group of embodiments, the solar cell includes: a cell body 100a, including a first surface and a second surface relative to each other, the backlight surface being the first surface, and the light-receiving surface being the second surface; as shown in FIG15 , the electrode includes a plurality of collecting electrodes 63, which are arranged on the first surface of the cell body 100a; a plurality of isolation members 120 are arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface of the cell body 100a, and the extension direction of the isolation member 120 intersects with the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63; the isolation member 120 includes a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged along the extension direction of the isolation member 120.

[0208] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged in a row at a close distance constitute an isolation member 120. As shown in FIG15 , a plurality of isolation bumps 621 strung together by a dotted arrow line are combined to form an isolation member 120, that is, five isolation members 120 are schematically shown in FIG15 .

[0209] As shown in Figures 15 and 16 , the extending direction of the collector electrode 63 is parallel to direction S1, and the extending direction of the separator 120 is parallel to direction S2. The extending direction of the separator 120 and the extending direction of the collector electrode 63 may not be perpendicular to each other. Multiple separators 120 are arranged in a spaced relationship along direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63, with directions S2 and S3 intersecting. As shown in Figure 17 , the extending direction of the separator 120 and the extending direction of the collector electrode 63 may be perpendicular to each other, with directions S2 and S3 being the same.

[0210] In some examples, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the distance between two adjacent collector electrodes 63 .

[0211] In the embodiment of the present application, a collector electrode 63 is disposed on the first surface of the cell body 100a, and a spacer 120 is disposed on the first and / or second surfaces of the cell body 100a. Thus, during the stacking and transportation of the solar cells, the spacer 120 can be positioned between two adjacent cell bodies 100a, providing isolation and protection, thereby preventing the collector electrode, busbar electrode, terminal wire, or solder pad on one solar cell from scratching the second surface of another solar cell. Furthermore, since the spacer 120 includes a plurality of isolation bumps 621 along its extension direction, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same spacer 120 along the extension direction of the spacer 120 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent collector electrodes 63. Consequently, the isolation bumps 621 are relatively sparsely spaced. This not only reduces the manufacturing cost of the spacer 120, but also reduces the number of isolation bumps 621, thereby reducing shading and improving the light absorption rate of the cell body 100a.

[0212] The busbar electrode, the collector electrode 63, the terminal wire, and the pad are all arranged on the first surface of the cell body 100a. In addition, the collector electrode 63 can be a positive electrode grid line or a negative electrode grid line.

[0213] Specifically, the separator 120 may be arranged on the first side of the cell body 100a, or on the second side of the cell body 100a, or on both the first and second sides of the cell body 100a. In the embodiment of the present application, the collector electrode 63 and the separator 120 may be arranged on the same side of the cell body 100a, or the collector electrode 63 and the separator 120 may be arranged on opposite sides of the cell body 100a.

[0214] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the isolation member 120 may intersect with the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63 to ensure that when the solar cells are stacked, at least part of the isolation member 120 can always isolate and protect the light-receiving surfaces of adjacent solar cells.

[0215] It is understandable that, as shown in FIG17 , the extension direction of the isolating member 120 may be perpendicular to the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63 ; or, as shown in FIG16 , the extension direction of the isolating member 120 may be set at an acute angle or an obtuse angle to the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63 .

[0216] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 , a column of isolation bumps 621 strung together by a dotted arrow line forms an isolation member 120 , and a plurality of isolation members 120 may be arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the collector electrode 63 .

[0217] In some embodiments, all the spacers 120 may extend in the same direction.

[0218] In other embodiments, the extension directions of the plurality of isolation members 120 may not be completely the same.

[0219] Specifically, the spacer 120 may include a plurality of spaced-apart isolation bumps 621 along its extension direction, which can reduce the coverage of the first surface and / or the second surface by the spacer 120 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the spacer 120. Furthermore, by reducing the coverage of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, it can also reduce the obstruction of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0220] In some examples, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63. Since the isolation bumps 621 are arranged relatively sparsely, it is convenient to further reduce the coverage of the isolation bumps 621 on the first surface and / or the second surface.

[0221] For example, as shown in Figures 15 to 17, the collecting electrode 63 extends along the S1 direction, the isolation member 120 extends along the S2 direction, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the S2 direction is L61, and the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is L62, L61>L62.

[0222] It should be noted that, in the present application, the spacing between two adjacent collector electrodes 63 is the width of the gap between the two adjacent collector electrodes 63 in the S3 direction, that is, the minimum spacing between the two adjacent collector electrodes 63 in the S3 direction. The spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 can be the spacing between the centers of the two adjacent isolation bumps 621, that is, the spacing between the centers of the circles of the two adjacent isolation bumps 621, or it can be the width of the gap between the two adjacent isolation bumps 621, that is, the minimum distance between the two adjacent isolation bumps 621.

[0223] For example, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 can be the distance between the centers of two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120, or the minimum distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120.

[0224] The distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 can be the distance between the centers of the two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63, or the minimum distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63.

[0225] In some examples, the isolation bump 621 may be a transparent member with light-transmitting properties, and the light transmittance may be greater than 80%. Alternatively, the isolation bump 621 may be a light-shielding member with light-shielding properties.

[0226] In the embodiment of the present application, the collector electrode 63 can be regularly arranged on the first surface. The spacer 120 can be regularly arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface, or the spacer 120 can be regularly arranged on at least one local area of ​​the first surface and / or the second surface, and the spacer 120 can be not provided for other areas, or the spacer 120 in other areas is irregularly distributed. Specifically, as shown in Figures 15 to 17, only a local area of ​​the first surface and / or the second surface is illustrated. The arrangement of the spacer 120 and the collector electrode 63 can be referred to in the above, and this application will not repeat them here.

[0227] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63. This can improve the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621 while ensuring that the isolation member 120 isolates and protects the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, thereby reducing the production cost of the isolation bumps 621 and improving the light absorption rate of the solar cell.

[0228] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 to FIG. 17 , the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 is L63 , and the distance between two adjacent collector electrodes 63 is L62 , where L63 > L62 .

[0229] In other optional embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation protrusions 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may also be smaller than the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode 63, bus electrode, terminal wire or welding pad of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked therewith.

[0230] In some optional embodiments, the plurality of collecting electrodes 63 include a first collecting electrode 631 and a second collecting electrode 632 arranged alternately in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 ; one of the first collecting electrode 631 and the second collecting electrode 632 is a positive grid line, and the other is a negative grid line.

[0231] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621, reduce the number of isolation bumps 621, reduce the production cost of the isolation bumps 621 and the coverage of the isolation bumps 621 on the battery cell body 100a, and improve the light absorption rate of the battery cell body 100a.

[0232] Specifically, as shown in FIG17 , the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631 is L64 , where L61 > L64 .

[0233] In other embodiments, the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is smaller than the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode 63, bus electrode, terminal wire or welding pad of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked therewith.

[0234] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the isolation bumps 621.

[0235] Specifically, as shown in FIG17 , the distance between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632 is L65 , where L61 > L65 .

[0236] In an embodiment of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 may be greater than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631; or, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 may be greater than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632; or, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 may be greater than both the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631 and the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632.

[0237] In other embodiments, the distance between two adjacent isolation protrusions 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the extension direction of the isolation member 120 is smaller than the distance between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode 63, bus electrode, terminal wire or welding pad of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked therewith.

[0238] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621, reduce the number of isolation bumps 621, reduce the production cost of the isolation bumps 621, and improve the light absorption rate of the solar cell.

[0239] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 to FIG. 17 , the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 is L63 , and the distance between two adjacent first collector electrodes 631 is L64 , where L63 > L64 .

[0240] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632. In this way, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, which can further increase the sparsity of the isolation bumps 621, reduce the production cost of the isolation bumps 621, and improve the light absorption rate of the solar cell.

[0241] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 to FIG. 17 , the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 is L63, and the distance between two adjacent second collector electrodes 632 is L65, where L63>L65.

[0242] In an embodiment of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may be greater than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631; or, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may be greater than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632; or, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may be greater than both the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631 and the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632.

[0243] In some other optional embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may also be smaller than the spacing between two adjacent first collecting electrodes 631, and / or, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 may also be smaller than the spacing between two adjacent second collecting electrodes 632, so that the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 in the same isolation member 120 in the direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 is smaller than the spacing between two collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, so as to more effectively prevent the collecting electrode, bus electrode, terminal line, welding pad, etc. of a solar cell from scratching another solar cell stacked with it.

[0244] In some examples, the isolation member 120 is arranged on the second surface, and the projection of at least one isolation bump 621 on the first surface overlaps with the collector electrode 63. Using this technical solution, when multiple solar cells are stacked, it is easy for at least one isolation bump 621 on one solar cell to contact the collector electrode 63 on another solar cell, thereby effectively preventing the collector electrode, bus electrode, solder pad, terminal wire, etc. from scratching the surface of the cell body 100a. Of course, in other examples, the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the first surface may not overlap with the collector electrode 63. In this case, the height and number of the isolation bumps 621, the arrangement of the multiple isolation bumps 621, the stacking method of the multiple solar cells, etc. can be set so that the isolation bump 621 can prevent the collector electrode, bus electrode, solder pad, terminal wire, etc. from scratching the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0245] In some optional embodiments, the isolation member 120 may be arranged on the first surface, and the isolation bump 621 may be spaced apart from the collector electrode 63 to prevent the isolation bump 621 from affecting the electrical connection between the bus electrode or the interconnection member and the collector electrode 63. The interconnection member may be a soldering tape or a conductive tape.

[0246] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode and a pad, and the height of the isolation bump 621 is greater than or equal to the height of the higher of the collecting electrode 63 and the pad. This can prevent the collecting electrode and the pad of one solar cell from contacting the light-receiving surface of another stacked solar cell, thereby ensuring that the isolation bump 621 can play an isolation and protection role, and prevent the collecting electrode and the pad on one solar cell from scratching the light-receiving surface of another solar cell.

[0247] Specifically, the pads are used to electrically connect to the interconnectors to connect different solar cells.

[0248] In other embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode 63, a welding pad, and a bus electrode. The bus electrode is electrically connected to the multiple collecting electrodes 63 for converging the collected current together. The welding pad is electrically connected to the bus electrode. The height of the isolation bump 621 is greater than or equal to the height of the higher one of the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the bus electrode. This can prevent the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the bus electrode of one solar cell from contacting the light-receiving surface of another stacked solar cell, thereby ensuring that the isolation bump 621 can play an isolation and protection role, and prevent the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the bus electrode on one solar cell from scratching the light-receiving surface of another solar cell.

[0249] In some other embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode, a welding pad and an end line. Each of the multiple collecting electrodes located at the edge of the cell body 100a includes a plurality of collecting electrode segments arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the collecting electrode. The end line is electrically connected to the multiple collecting electrode segments located at the edge of the cell body 100a. Here, the multiple collecting electrodes located in the middle area of ​​the cell body are arranged continuously, and the welding pad is arranged on the end line and the continuous collecting electrodes. The height of the isolation bump 621 is greater than the height of the higher one among the welding pad, the collecting electrode 63 and the end line. This can prevent the collecting electrode, welding pad and end line of one solar cell from contacting the light-receiving surface of another stacked solar cell, so as to ensure that the isolation bump 621 can play an isolation and protection role, and prevent the collecting electrode, welding pad and end line on one solar cell from scratching the light-receiving surface of another solar cell.

[0250] Specifically, the terminal line is used to connect the collector electrodes 63 of the same polarity, and the terminal line may include a first terminal line connected to multiple first sub-collector electrodes 6311 and a second terminal line connected to multiple second sub-collector electrodes 6321 .

[0251] In some optional embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 18, the multiple collecting electrodes 63 include first collecting electrodes 631 and second collecting electrodes 632 arranged alternately in sequence along a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes 63; part of the first collecting electrode 631 located at the edge of at least one side of the battery cell body 100a includes a plurality of first sub-collector electrodes 6311 distributed at intervals, and part of the second collecting electrode 632 includes a plurality of second sub-collector electrodes 6321 distributed at intervals, and the first sub-collector electrodes 6311 and the second sub-collector electrodes 6321 are staggered; the plurality of first sub-collector electrodes 6311 arranged along a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 are electrically connected together through a first terminal line, and the plurality of second sub-collector electrodes 6321 arranged along a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 are electrically connected together through a second terminal line.

[0252] In the embodiment of the present application, multiple first sub-collector electrodes 6311 are electrically connected together via a first terminal wire. Thus, the interconnection member electrically connected to the first terminal wire can achieve electrical connection with the multiple first sub-collector electrodes 6311. Furthermore, the interconnection member can be positioned a certain distance from the edge of the cell body 100a, preventing damage to the edge of the cell body 100a caused by the interconnection member electrically connecting to the first collector electrodes 631 located at the edge. Multiple second sub-collector electrodes 6321 are electrically connected together via a second terminal wire. Thus, the interconnection member electrically connected to the second terminal wire can achieve electrical connection with the multiple second sub-collector electrodes 6321. Furthermore, the interconnection member can be positioned a certain distance from the edge of the cell body 100a, preventing damage to the edge of the cell body 100a caused by the interconnection member electrically connecting to the second collector electrodes 632 located at the edge.

[0253] It should be noted that, as shown in FIG18 , for ease of distinction, solid and dashed lines are used to represent the first collecting electrode 631 and the second collecting electrode 632 . In practical applications, the first collecting electrode 631 and the second collecting electrode 632 are both solid linear structures, not dotted structures.

[0254] Specifically, in some examples, as shown in FIG18 , part of the first current collecting electrode 631 may be continuous, part of the first current collecting electrode 631 may be segmented, part of the second current collecting electrode 632 may be continuous, and part of the second current collecting electrode 632 may be segmented. In other embodiments, all of the first current collecting electrodes 631 and the second current collecting electrodes 632 may be continuous.

[0255] This application considers that when designing isolation bumps, if the size of isolation bump 621 is too small, it will be difficult to implement in terms of manufacturing. If the size of isolation bump 621 is too large, it will block too much light, which is not conducive to the light absorption of the cell body 100a. Therefore, in some embodiments, the maximum size of isolation bump 621 is d. When the projection of isolation bump 621 on the first surface is circular or approximately circular, the maximum size is the diameter of isolation bump 621, where 50μm ≤ d ≤ 2000μm. In the embodiments of this application, by limiting the diameter of isolation bump 621, the manufacturing difficulty of isolation member 120 is reduced, while at the same time ensuring the light absorption capacity of cell body 100a.

[0256] For example, the diameter of the isolation bump 621 may be 50 μm, 255 μm, 380 μm, 500 μm, 850 μm, 1150 μm, 1500 μm, 1860 μm, 1900 μm, 2000 μm, etc.

[0257] As previously mentioned, the height h of the isolation member 120 ranges from 2 μm to 80 μm. In some examples, the height of the isolation bump ranges from 3 μm to 80 μm.

[0258] As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the coverage of the isolation bump 621 on the first surface and / or the second surface is designed to be S81, 0.5%≤S81≤10%, so as to effectively ensure that the isolation bump 621 prevents the surface of the battery cell body 100a from being scratched, while ensuring the light absorption capacity of the battery cell body 100a.

[0259] The structure of the solar cell of the eighth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 19 to FIG. 21 .

[0260] In this group of embodiments, the solar cell includes a cell body 100a, and a plurality of spaced-apart spacers 120 are provided on at least one side of the cell body 100a. As shown in FIG19 , the spacer 120 includes a central portion 712 and a peripheral portion 711 provided around the central portion 712. As shown in FIG21 , a surface of the central portion 712 away from the cell body 100a has a recess 7121. As shown in FIG20 , in a direction perpendicular to the cell body 100a, the minimum height of the central portion 712 is H71, and the maximum height of the spacer 120 is H70, satisfying the following conditions:

[0261] In the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application, since the center portion 712 is provided with a recess 7121, and the minimum height H71 of the center portion 712 and the maximum height H70 of the spacer 120 meet the above relationship, when the spacer 120 contacts the surface of the solar cell of the photovoltaic module above, the squeezing effect of the adjacent solar cell causes the spacer 120 to deform, expelling the air within the recess 7121. The spacer 120 exerts a certain negative pressure adsorption effect, adsorbing and fixing the two adjacent solar cells together, preventing multiple solar cells from tilting during transportation. It also prevents the spacer 120 from moving relative to the adjacent solar cells, which may scratch the solar cells or cause hidden cracks. Of course, it is understood that the recess does not hinder the subsequent separation of the solar cells during lamination. In addition, when the photovoltaic module is in use, the recess can increase the overall light transmittance of the spacer, allowing more light to illuminate the solar cell, thereby increasing the solar cell's power generation efficiency. Furthermore, the provision of the recess 7121 can also save the amount of glue material used and reduce the production cost of the solar cell.

[0262] It is understood that the relationship between the minimum height H71 of the center portion 712 and the maximum height H70 of the isolation member 120 can be set according to the use requirements. For example, H71 is One of the above ratios, and multiple ratios between the above ratios. It is understood that if If the depression is too small, the overall light transmittance of the spacer will be affected, and the negative pressure cavity formed will be too small, which will also affect the effectiveness of preventing the solar cell from moving or tilting. If H71 = 0, that is, there is no central part, the isolation and stability of the spacer cannot be guaranteed by relying solely on the peripheral part.

[0263] In some embodiments, spacer 120 is disposed on light-receiving surface 101, which has a pyramid-shaped microstructure. The minimum height H71 of center portion 712 is the vertical distance from the lowest point of recess 7121 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, and the maximum height H70 of spacer 120 is the vertical distance from the highest point of spacer 120 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure. In this case, spacer 120 enhances light trapping and improves light absorption efficiency without affecting the effectiveness of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, thereby utilizing more solar energy. Furthermore, spacer 120 prevents scratches on the pyramid-shaped microstructure when multiple solar cells are stacked, thereby ensuring the performance of the solar cells.

[0264] As shown in Figure 21, the spacer 120 further includes a covering layer 7124, which partially or completely covers the recess 7121. In the embodiment of the present application, the provision of the covering layer 7124 can prevent the encapsulating film 730 from filling the recess 7121 when the spacer 120 and the encapsulating film 730 are connected, thereby preventing the encapsulating film 730 from filling the recess 7121 and affecting the function of the recess 7121, thereby ensuring the light trapping properties of the spacer 120. In combination with the above-mentioned embodiment, when the recess 7121 has a relatively small projected size, the covering layer 7124 can compensate for the effects caused by the small size of the recess, such as insufficient increase in light transmittance and decreased adsorption stability.

[0265] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG21 , at least one cavity 7113 is provided within the outer portion 711. The provision of the cavity 7113 allows incident light to be reflected multiple times at the spacer 120, thereby extending the path length of the light within the photovoltaic module, increasing light trapping and improving light absorption efficiency, and utilizing more solar energy.

[0266] The structure of the solar cell of the ninth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 23 to FIG. 26 .

[0267] When performing performance tests on solar cells, some tests will place the test probe of the test device in contact with test points such as the collector electrode and pad of the solar cell. For example, as shown in FIG26 , when performing an IV test, i.e., a current-voltage characteristic test, the test probe 852 is placed in contact with a test point such as a pad. In order to ensure that the test probe 852 is in full and effective contact with the test point, a pressing member 851 is also used to press against the opposite surface of the solar cell where the collector electrode 63 is provided. The inventors have discovered that since the heights of the multiple isolators 120 vary during manufacture, if the pressing member 851 contacts the isolator 120, the pressure on the test points on the back of the solar cell will be different during testing, resulting in different degrees of contact between the test probe 852 and the test points on the back of the solar cell, which will result in test differences during testing and affect the accuracy of the test results. Referring to FIG23 , the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0268] In this group of embodiments, a solar cell is disclosed. As shown in FIG23 , the solar cell includes a cell body 100a, a plurality of isolation members 120, and a plurality of collecting electrodes 63. The cell body 100a includes a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface relative to each other. The light-receiving surface includes a fifth region 813 and a plurality of sixth regions 814. The plurality of isolation members 120 are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a.

[0269] In some embodiments, the density of the isolation member 120 located in the fifth region 813 is greater than the density of the isolation member 120 located in the sixth region 814; multiple collecting electrodes 63 are arranged on the backlight surface 102 of the battery cell body 100a, and multiple sixth regions 814 are arranged along the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63 (the extension direction is shown by the arrow X8 in Figure 23); the extension direction of the sixth region 814 is perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63.

[0270] On the light-receiving surface 101, the density of the isolation member 120 located in the fifth area 813 is greater than the density of the isolation member 120 located in the sixth area 814, and the density of the isolation member 120 in the sixth area 814 is relatively small. The sixth area 814 can be used as an area in contact with the pressing member 851 when performing performance testing on the solar cell. In this way, the pressing member 851 pressing on the isolation member 120 or contacting the isolation member 120 can be reduced or avoided. In this way, the force of the pressing member 851 pressing down on the solar cell is more balanced, and the test points on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell are subjected to the same or approximately the same pressure. The test probe 852 has the same degree of contact with the test point and can fully and effectively contact, thereby making the test results of the solar cell highly accurate.

[0271] The test points include the collector electrode 63 , the pad, and the like.

[0272] The density of the spacer 120 refers to the coverage area of ​​the spacer 120 per unit area.

[0273] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG23 , the sixth region 814 is not provided with an isolation member 120. Thus, when the solar cell is being tested, the solar cell is suitable for contacting with a variety of pressing members 851. For example, the sixth region 814 is suitable for contacting with a plurality of columnar pressing members, a short strip pressing member, and a long strip pressing member. Furthermore, during the contact between the pressing member 851 and the sixth region 814, it is ensured that the pressing member 851 will definitely not contact the isolation member 120, thereby preventing the pressing member 851 from pressing or contacting the isolation member 120, which would result in different degrees of contact between the test probe 852 and the test point on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell, and thus test differences during testing. This further ensures that the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application has the advantage of high accuracy of the test results. In which, perpendicular to the extending direction of the collecting electrode 63 , the contact length between the short strip pressing member and the sixth region 814 is less than the length of the light receiving surface 101 , and the contact length between the long strip pressing member and the sixth region 814 is equal to the length of the light receiving surface 101 .

[0274] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 24 , the sixth region 814 includes a first subregion 8141 and a second subregion 8142 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63 ; the first subregion 8141 is provided with an isolation member 120 , and the second subregion 8142 is not provided with an isolation member 120 .

[0275] In the embodiment of the present application, when testing a solar cell, the pressing member 851 presses against the second sub-region 8142, thereby preventing the pressing member 851 from pressing against or contacting the isolation member 120. The pressing member 851 applies a relatively balanced downward force to the solar cell, resulting in the same or approximately the same pressure on the test points on the backlight surface 102 of the solar cell. The test probe 852 maintains consistent and effective contact with the test points, thereby ensuring high accuracy in the test results of the solar cell. The placement of the isolation member 120 on the first sub-region 8141 enhances the isolation and protection effect, preventing the light-receiving surface 101 from being scratched by adjacent solar cells when multiple solar cells are stacked, thereby affecting the performance of the solar cells.

[0276] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 24 , perpendicular to the extending direction of the collecting electrode 63 , the first sub-regions 8141 and the second sub-regions 8142 are alternately arranged.

[0277] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 24 , the fifth region 813 includes multiple third sub-regions 8131. The third sub-regions 8131 and the sixth region 814 are arranged alternately along the extension direction of the collector electrode 63. Thus, along the extension direction of the collector electrode 63, the third sub-regions 8131 and the sixth region 814 are adjacent. The spacers 120 provided on the third sub-regions 8131 can prevent adjacent solar cells from scratching the third sub-regions 8131 and the sixth region 814 when multiple solar cells are stacked, thereby preventing the adjacent solar cells from affecting the performance of the solar cells.

[0278] In the above embodiment, when the sixth region 814 includes the first sub-region 8141 and the second sub-region 8142, and the third sub-regions 8131 and the first sub-regions 8141 are arranged alternately along the extension direction of the collector electrode 63, since the third sub-regions 8131 and the first sub-regions 8141 are both provided with the spacers 120, the spacers 120 are connected to form an integral structure in the third sub-region 8131 and the first sub-region 8141. In some examples, the first sub-region 8141 is provided on one or both sides of the sixth region 814 along a direction perpendicular to the collector electrode.

[0279] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 25, the solar cell further includes a middle region 110a and an edge region 110b, the middle region 110a is located in the middle of the light-receiving surface 101; the edge region 110b is located at the edge of the light-receiving surface and is arranged around the middle region 110a; the density of the isolation member 120 located in the edge region 110b is greater than the density of the isolation member 120 located in the middle region 110a.

[0280] In the embodiment of the present application, multiple solar cell panels are naturally aligned by gravity during the stacking process, so the edges of the solar cell panels are most susceptible to scratches. As a result, in the light-receiving surface 101, the edge area 110b is located at the edge of the cell body 100a, and the density of the isolation member 120 located in the edge area 110b is relatively large. The isolation member 120 not only satisfies the isolation and protection function of the light-receiving surface 101, but also strengthens the protection function of the edge area around the light-receiving surface 101, thereby providing better isolation and protection effect for the solar cell panels.

[0281] In some embodiments, the extending direction of the spacer 120 is parallel to or intersects with the extending direction of the collector electrode 63. When the extending direction of the spacer 120 intersects with the extending direction of the collector electrode 63, the angle between them can be acute or right. In either case, the spacer 120 can provide good isolation and protection.

[0282] The structure of the solar cell of the tenth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG1 and FIG27 to FIG28.

[0283] If the spacing between the isolation bumps is too small, for example, when two adjacent isolation bumps are placed close together, the material cost of the isolation bumps will increase. If the spacing between the isolation bumps is too large, the isolation effect of the isolation bumps will be poor. Therefore, it is difficult to balance the isolation effect and the material cost of the isolation bumps. Referring to Figures 27 and 28, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0284] In this group of embodiments, the isolation member includes an isolation protrusion 621. Along the thickness direction of the battery cell body, the battery cell body includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, and the isolation protrusion 621 is arranged on the first surface and / or the second surface of the battery cell body.

[0285] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 27 , a plurality of isolation bumps 621 are arranged in a plurality of rows along the fourth direction X9. Each row of isolation bumps 621 includes a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged along the fifth direction Y9. The plurality of isolation bumps 621 are designed to satisfy the relationship: Wherein, l is the larger of the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 or the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9, h is the height of the isolation bump 621, and n is the integer ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell. It should be noted that the integer ratio of the long side to the short side means that when the decimal part of the ratio after rounding is greater than or equal to 0.5, rounding up can be used; when it is less than 0.5, rounding down can be used. N is the number of solar cells when stacked.

[0286] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 28, the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 is L92, and the spacing between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9 is L91. Comparing the sizes of L92 and L91, the larger one of L91 and L92 is the maximum spacing l between adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 or along the fifth direction Y9.

[0287] It should be noted that, hereinafter, “the distance l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 ” refers to the larger one of the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 or the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9 .

[0288] When the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a is a polished surface, the distance along the thickness direction of the cell body 100a from the end of the isolation bump 621 facing away from the cell body 100a to the interface where the isolation bump 621 contacts the cell body 100a is the height h of the isolation bump 621. When the light-receiving surface of the cell body 100a is a pyramid velvet surface, the distance along the thickness direction of the cell body 100a from the end of the isolation bump 621 facing away from the cell body 100a to the top of the pyramid at the interface where the isolation bump 621 contacts the cell body 100a is the height h of the isolation bump 621.

[0289] When multiple solar cells are stacked, except for the top solar cell, the other solar cells will bend due to the pressure from the other solar cells. The higher the height of the isolation bumps 621, the more difficult it is for the collector electrode 63, bus electrode, solder pad, terminal wire, etc. of the upper solar cell to contact the light-receiving surface of the lower solar cell, and thus the upper solar cell is less likely to scratch the light-receiving surface of the lower solar cell. The spacing between adjacent isolation bumps 621 will affect the degree of bending of the solar cell. The larger the spacing between adjacent isolation bumps 621, the greater the degree of bending of the solar cell, and the greater the degree of bending, the easier it is to scratch the light-receiving surface of the adjacent solar cell. In addition, the weight of the solar cell will also The pressure generated by it is affected. When the weight of a whole solar cell is fixed, the more slices the whole solar cell is divided into, the smaller the weight of the solar cell after the slices, and the smaller the pressure generated. It can be understood that n is an integer ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell. When n is 1, the solar cell is a whole cell and is not sliced. When n is 2, the solar cell is divided into two slices. When n is 3, the solar cell is divided into three slices, and so on. It will not be repeated here. Since the weight change of the whole solar cell can be ignored, that is to say, the weight of the solar cell can be represented by the number of slices of the whole solar cell, that is, the integer n of the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell. Based on the above, it can be seen that when designing the isolation bump 621, it is necessary to consider the height of the isolation bump 621, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps 621, the weight of the solar cell (that is, the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell is an integer n), etc., so that the isolation bump 621 can better prevent the risk of scratching the illuminated surface of the solar cell.

[0290] When designing the solar cell of the embodiment of the present application, l, h, and n are made to satisfy the relationship The height h of the isolation bump 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 are both reasonably set, which can effectively prevent the solar cells from bending and scratching the light-receiving surfaces of the adjacent solar cells when multiple solar cells are stacked after being subjected to force, thereby avoiding affecting the appearance and efficiency of the solar cells. In addition, it can also avoid the increase in material cost and process difficulty of manufacturing the isolation bumps due to the smaller spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621, and avoid the poor isolation effect due to the larger spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621. The solar cell of the embodiment of the present application has the advantages of better isolation effect, low material cost, and low process difficulty.

[0291] In some embodiments, when N is 2, l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

[0292] In the embodiments of the present application, the solar cells naturally fall into alignment due to gravity during the stacking process. The ultimate limit for stacking multiple solar cells is two solar cells stacked together, i.e., N ≥ 2. When N ≥ 2, and l, h, and n satisfy the aforementioned relationship, the height h of the isolation bumps 621 and the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 are both reasonably set, effectively preventing the upper solar cell from bending under stress and scratching the light-receiving surface of the lower solar cell when at least two solar cells are stacked.

[0293] In some embodiments, n is 1, that is, when the solar cell is a whole cell, l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

[0294] In some embodiments, n is 2, that is, when the solar cell is a half-cell, l and h satisfy the relationship:

[0295] In other embodiments, when n is 3, that is, when the solar cell is a one-third cell, l and h satisfy the relationship:

[0296] Based on the formula It can be seen that when multiple solar cells are stacked, the greater the number of stacked cells, the smaller the spacing l between two adjacent isolation bumps 621 needs to be set. When multiple solar cells are stacked, the number of stacked solar cells can be selected as needed. In some examples, the numerical range of N can be selected from 2≤N≤1000. For example, N can be one of 2, 3, 4, 10, 50, 10, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, and multiple values ​​between the above values. When N>1000, the excessive number of stacked solar cells will increase the pressure on the bottom solar cell, which may cause damage or even breakage. In addition, the total weight and total volume of the stacked solar cells are large, increasing the difficulty and risk of handling. It also increases the difficulty of aligning the solar cells.

[0297] In some embodiments, 2≤N≤200. In this way, the number of solar cells when stacked is more reasonable, which can meet transportation requirements and reduce the risk of damage.

[0298] In some embodiments, the maximum size of the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the cell body 100a is d, satisfying d<1. This prevents two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fourth direction X9 from being connected, and prevents two adjacent isolation bumps 621 along the fifth direction Y9 from being connected, thereby saving material costs for the isolation bumps 621 and reducing the difficulty of manufacturing multiple isolation bumps 621.

[0299] Considering that the maximum size of the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the cell body 100a is too small, it is difficult to manufacture the isolation bump, and the maximum size of the projection of the isolation bump 621 on the cell body 100a is too large, which will affect the solar cell's absorption of light. Therefore, in some embodiments, 0.05mm≤d≤2mm.

[0300] When d < l, and d is within the above range, when designing the isolation bump 621, l can be greater than 2 mm, l can also be greater than 0.05 mm, and l can also be greater than any value between 0.05 mm and 2 mm. When l is greater than 2 mm, the lower limit of l is higher. While ensuring scratch protection, the number of isolation bumps 621 can be reduced, reducing the material cost and process cost of isolation bumps 621. When l is greater than 0.05 mm, the lower limit of l is lower. l can take a smaller value, increasing the range of l that can be selected. The number of isolation bumps 621 can also be set to a larger number, thereby increasing the isolation protection effect and preventing scratches on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell.

[0301] It will be understood that d can be set according to usage requirements, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this. For example, d is one of 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, and multiple values ​​between the above values.

[0302] In some embodiments, the battery cell body 100a has two opposing first sides 911 and two opposing second sides 912. The first sides 911 and the second sides 912 are perpendicular, the fourth direction X9 is parallel to the first sides 911, and the fifth direction Y9 is parallel to the second sides 912. Alternatively, the fourth direction X9 and the fifth direction Y9 are arranged at acute angles to the first sides 911 and the second sides 912. In this manner, the arrangement of the isolation bumps 621 is more regular, which can better protect the surface of the battery cell body 100a compared to a random distribution of the isolation bumps 621. The extension direction of the isolation bumps 621 intersects the first sides 911 at an acute angle.

[0303] In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 28 , the fifth direction Y9 is parallel to the first side 911 , that is, the extending direction of each row of isolation bumps 621 is parallel to the first side 911 .

[0304] The structure of the solar cell of the eleventh group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 29 .

[0305] In this set of embodiments, the isolation member includes a plurality of spaced-apart isolation protrusions 230. As shown in FIG29 , a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application includes a cell body 100a, with a plurality of spaced-apart isolation protrusions 230 disposed on at least one side of the cell body 100a. In some examples, the refractive index of the isolation protrusions 230 is less than that of the cell body 100a.

[0306] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the refractive index of the isolation protrusion 230 to be lower than the refractive index of the battery cell body 100a, as shown by the arrow in Figure 29, when the incident light is irradiated on the isolation protrusion 230, most of the light will pass through the isolation protrusion 230 and be absorbed by the battery cell, and a small amount of light will be repeatedly refracted or reflected between multiple isolation protrusions 230 and absorbed by the battery cell again, thereby forming a light trapping effect, which increases the battery cell's absorption rate of light and can improve the battery cell's conversion efficiency.

[0307] Optionally, a plurality of pyramid structures are provided on a surface of the battery cell body 100 a on one side of which the isolation protrusion 230 is provided, and the isolation protrusion 230 covers at least two pyramid structures.

[0308] In an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of pyramid structures are provided on the surface of one side of the cell body 100a where the isolation protrusion 230 is provided, so that the isolation protrusion 230 covers at least two pyramid structures. By utilizing the synergistic effect of the plurality of isolation protrusions 230 and the plurality of pyramid structures, the light trapping effect formed on the surface of the cell body 100a can be enhanced, thereby further improving the conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0309] The height of the isolation protrusion 230 may refer to other embodiments. In some examples, the height of the isolation protrusion along a direction perpendicular to the first surface is 5 μm to 40 μm.

[0310] The structure of the solar cell of the twelfth group of embodiments of the first aspect of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 30 to FIG. 31 , FIG. 16 and FIG. 5 .

[0311] In this group of embodiments, as shown in Figure 30, the solar cell includes: a cell body 100a, the cell body 100a includes a first surface and a second surface relative to each other, the backlight surface is the first surface, and the light-receiving surface is the second surface; the electrode includes a plurality of collecting electrodes 63, which are arranged on the first surface of the cell body 100a; the isolation member includes a plurality of isolation structures 320, which are arranged on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the cell body 100a, and the plurality of isolation structures 320 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63.

[0312] Specifically, as shown in Figure 30, the extension direction of the isolation structure 320 is consistent with the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63, both are parallel to the direction S1, multiple collecting electrodes 63 are arranged at intervals along the S3 direction, and multiple isolation structures 320 are arranged at intervals along the S3 direction, and the S1 direction and the S3 direction are perpendicular.

[0313] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is greater than the distance between two adjacent isolation structures 320 along a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes 63 .

[0314] In an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of collecting electrodes 63 are arranged on the first surface of the cell body 100a, and a plurality of isolation structures 320 are arranged on at least one of the first and second surfaces of the cell body 100a. Since the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent isolation structures 320 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes 63, the isolation structures 320 are arranged more densely, which facilitates increasing the coverage area of ​​the isolation structures 320 on at least one of the first and second surfaces. In this way, during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells, the isolation protrusions 621 can better isolate and protect the surface of the cell body 100a, reduce the risk of the collecting electrode, bus electrode, terminal wire, solder pad, etc. on one of the two stacked solar cells scratching the light-receiving surface of the other solar cell, and thus ensure the product quality of the solar cell.

[0315] The busbar electrodes, collector electrodes, pads, terminal wires, etc. are all arranged on the first side of the cell body 100a. The collector electrode 63 can be a positive electrode grid line or a negative electrode grid line.

[0316] In some embodiments, the isolation structure 320 may be a long strip-shaped structure.

[0317] In other embodiments, the isolation structure 320 may include a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged in a direction parallel to the collector electrode 63 .

[0318] In the embodiment of the present application, the isolation structure 320 is designed as a plurality of isolation bumps 621 arranged in a row, which can reduce the manufacturing cost of the isolation structure 320 and reduce the shielding of the battery cell body 100a by the isolation structure 320, thereby improving the light absorption effect of the battery cell body 100a.

[0319] As shown in FIG. 30 , a plurality of isolation bumps 621 within the dotted frame form an isolation structure 320 .

[0320] In some examples, the spacing between two adjacent collector electrodes 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent isolation structures 320 in a direction perpendicular to the collector electrodes 63, so that the isolation structures 320 are arranged more densely. Here, at least two isolation structures 320 can be arranged between two adjacent collector electrodes 63, for example, two, three, or more isolation structures 320 can be arranged.

[0321] In the embodiment of the present application, the two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 can be two collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity, i.e., two positive collecting electrodes 63 or two negative collecting electrodes 63. The two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 can also be two collecting electrodes 63 of opposite polarity, i.e., one positive collecting electrode 63 and one negative collecting electrode 63.

[0322] It should be noted that the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is the width of the gap between the two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 in the S3 direction, that is, the spacing between the boundaries of the two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 in the S3 direction, which is also the minimum spacing between the two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 in the S3 direction. The spacing between two adjacent isolation structures 320 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes 63 is the width of the gap between the two adjacent isolation structures 320 in the S3 direction, that is, the spacing between the boundaries of the two adjacent isolation structures 320 in the S3 direction, which is also the minimum spacing between the two adjacent isolation structures 320 in the S3 direction. As shown in Figure 30, the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is L62, and the spacing between two adjacent isolation structures 320 in a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrodes 63 is L32, where L62>L32.

[0323] Among them, during the stacking process, when the upper solar cell falls on the lower solar cell, the probability of the upper solar cell completely covering the lower solar cell is low, and usually the upper solar cell will be deflected relative to the lower solar cell. In the embodiment of the present application, since a relatively dense isolation structure 320 can be arranged on at least one of the first surface and the second surface, the coverage area of ​​the isolation structure 320 on the second surface is increased. In this way, by increasing the density of the isolation structure 320, it is convenient to increase the isolation protection area of ​​the isolation structure 320 on the second surface, thereby greatly reducing the probability of the light-receiving surface being scratched by the collecting electrode, bus electrode, terminal line, welding pad, etc. on the adjacent solar cell.

[0324] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is greater than the distance between the centers of two adjacent isolation structures 320 along a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63, which can further improve the density of the isolation structure 320 and enhance the isolation protection effect of the isolation structure 320.

[0325] Specifically, as shown in FIG30 , the distance between the centers of two adjacent isolation structures 320 along the direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 is L33 , and L62 > L33 > L32 .

[0326] In some examples, the center of the isolation structure 320 is the center of the isolation structure 320 in the S3 direction.

[0327] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 30 , in two adjacent isolation structures 320 , the multiple isolation bumps 621 in one isolation structure 320 are arranged alternately with the multiple isolation bumps 621 in the other isolation structure 320 .

[0328] In the embodiment of the present application, the isolation bumps 621 in the plurality of isolation structures 320 can be more evenly distributed on the second surface, further improving the isolation and protection effect of the isolation bumps 621 on the surface of the battery cell body 100 a.

[0329] In some embodiments of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent collecting electrodes 63 is greater than the fourth spacing; the fourth spacing is the minimum spacing between the centers of two isolation bumps 621 located in two adjacent isolation structures 320, which can further improve the density of the isolation structure 320.

[0330] Specifically, the fourth spacing is the length of the line connecting the centers of two isolation bumps 621 in two adjacent isolation structures 320. As shown in FIG30 , the minimum spacing between the centers of two isolation bumps 621 in two adjacent isolation structures 320 is L34, and L62>L34>L32.

[0331] Specifically, the center of the isolation bump 621 is the center of the isolation bump 621 in a direction perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 . For example, when the isolation bump 621 is a circular bump, the center of the isolation bump 621 is the center of the circle of the isolation bump 621 .

[0332] In some embodiments of the present application, the plurality of isolation bumps 621 in the plurality of isolation structures 320 are arranged in an array, which can improve the simplicity and convenience of arranging the isolation structures 320 and achieve diversification of the arrangement of the isolation bumps 621 .

[0333] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 31 , the plurality of isolation bumps 621 in the plurality of isolation structures 320 are arranged into a plurality of rows along a direction S3 perpendicular to the collector electrode 63 , and are arranged into a plurality of columns along a direction S1 parallel to the collector electrode 63 .

[0334] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a collector electrode 63 and a solder pad, and the height of the isolation structure 320 is less than or equal to the height of at least one of the collector electrode 63 and the solder pad. This can reduce the material used for the isolation structure 320 and facilitate reducing the manufacturing cost of the isolation structure 320. In this case, the height and number of the isolation bumps 621, the arrangement of the plurality of isolation bumps 621, and the stacking method of the plurality of solar cells can be set so that the isolation bumps 621 can prevent the collector electrode 63, bus electrode, solder pad, terminal wire, etc. from scratching the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0335] Specifically, the pads are used to electrically connect to the interconnectors to connect different solar cells.

[0336] In other embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode 63, a solder pad, and a bus electrode. The bus electrode is electrically connected to multiple collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity and is used to converge the current collected by the collecting electrodes 63 of the same polarity. The solder pad is electrically connected to the bus electrode. The height of the isolation structure 320 is less than or equal to the height of at least one of the solder pad, the collecting electrode 63, and the bus electrode. This can reduce the material used in the isolation structure 320 and facilitate reducing the manufacturing cost of the isolation structure 320. In this case, the height and number of the isolation bumps 621, the arrangement of the multiple isolation bumps 621, and the stacking method of multiple solar cells can be set so that the isolation bumps 621 can prevent the collecting electrodes, bus electrodes, solder pads, terminal wires, etc. from scratching the surface of the solar cell body 100a.

[0337] In yet other embodiments, the solar cell includes a collecting electrode, a solder pad, and a termination wire. Each collecting electrode 63 of the multiple collecting electrodes located at the edge of the cell body 100a includes multiple collecting electrode segments arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the collecting electrode 63. The termination wire is electrically connected to the multiple collecting electrode segments located at the edge of the cell body 100a. The height of the isolation structure 320 is less than or equal to the height of at least one of the solder pad, the collecting electrode 63, and the termination wire. This can reduce the material used for the isolation structure 320 and facilitate reducing the manufacturing cost of the isolation structure 320. In this case, the height and number of the isolation bumps 621, the arrangement of the multiple isolation bumps 621, and the stacking method of the multiple solar cells can be set so that the isolation bumps 621 can prevent the collecting electrodes, bus electrodes, solder pads, termination wires, etc. from scratching the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0338] Specifically, the terminal line is used to connect the collector electrodes 63 of the same polarity, and the terminal line may include a first terminal line connected to multiple first sub-collector electrodes 6311 and a second terminal line connected to multiple second sub-collector electrodes 6321 .

[0339] In some embodiments of the present application, the width of the collecting electrode 63 is greater than the spacing between two adjacent isolation structures 320 along a direction perpendicular to the collecting electrode 63. In this way, when the solar cells are stacked, the collecting electrode 63 on a solar cell can contact at least one isolation structure 320, so that the isolation structure 320 can provide good isolation and protection for the surface of the cell body 100a, greatly reducing the risk of scratching the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0340] In other embodiments, the width of the collector electrode 63 may be less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent isolation structures 320 in a direction perpendicular to the collector electrode 63, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of the isolation structure 320. In this case, the height and number of the isolation bumps 621, the arrangement of the plurality of isolation bumps 621, and the stacking method of the plurality of solar cells can be configured so that the isolation bumps 621 can prevent the collector electrodes, bus electrodes, solder pads, terminal wires, etc. from scratching the surface of the cell body 100a.

[0341] The photovoltaic assembly of the second aspect of the present application is described in detail below.

[0342] The photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application includes the solar cell of any of the above embodiments. The photovoltaic module has the same technical effects as the above solar cell, and reference can be made to the above.

[0343] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly further includes a plurality of battery strings, each battery string including a plurality of solar cells and a plurality of interconnecting members, and the interconnecting members are used to connect the plurality of solar cells in series.

[0344] In the embodiment of the present application, the isolation member plays an isolating and protective role on the surface of the solar cell body. Moreover, during the lamination process of the photovoltaic module, the isolation member can also play a buffering role, which can reduce the stress of the solar cell at the interconnection part during the lamination process, thereby reducing the risk of hidden cracks in the solar cell during the lamination process.

[0345] Alternatively, the interconnection may be a soldering ribbon, a metal wire, a conductive tape, or the like.

[0346] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes a cover plate, a back plate, and an encapsulation film. The solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate and the back plate by the encapsulation film, and the spacer is at least partially cross-linked with the encapsulation film after a lamination process.

[0347] After the lamination process, the spacer is at least partially cross-linked with the encapsulation film. In other words, the encapsulation film 730 and the spacer 120 are either completely unfused or partially fused. After the solar cell is encapsulated with the encapsulation film, the spacer partially melts and cross-links with the encapsulation film. The spacer has no effect on the appearance of the photovoltaic module made from the solar cell. The presence of the spacer is undetectable under a strong flashlight or EL test, and thus does not affect the efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0348] Optionally, the photovoltaic module also includes a polymer layer; the solar cell includes: a cell body, the cell body having a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface, the backlight surface is provided with an electrode, the light-receiving surface is provided with a number of isolation traces arranged at intervals, and the extension direction of at least some of the isolation traces is staggered with the extension direction of the electrodes; a polymer layer is provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the polymer layer covers the isolation traces.

[0349] Optionally, the photovoltaic module also includes a polymer layer; the solar cell is a back-contact cell, and the back-contact cell includes a cell body, multiple supporting grid lines and multiple isolation traces; the supporting grid lines are arranged on the backlight surface of the cell body; the isolation traces are arranged on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the arrangement direction of the isolation traces is parallel to the extension direction of the supporting grid lines; multiple isolation traces are projected on the backlight surface of the cell body, and at least part of the multiple supporting grid lines overlaps with the projection; a polymer layer is provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body of the cell body, and the polymer layer covers the isolation traces.

[0350] Optionally, in the case where the solar cell has a hollow structure, the hollow structure is at least partially cross-linked with the packaging film after the lamination process.

[0351] In some embodiments, the cover plate and the back plate can at least be understood as glass. Photovoltaic modules usually undergo a conventional lamination process. During the lamination process of the solar cell, the isolation member is melted by heat and cross-linked with the module packaging film, and the isolation member becomes part of the packaging film. There is no need to remove the isolation member during the production process of the photovoltaic module, thereby simplifying the lamination operation process and helping to improve the lamination efficiency.

[0352] In conjunction with FIG22 , an example of a photovoltaic assembly according to an embodiment of the present application is described in detail.

[0353] In this example, the peel strength between the spacer 120 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the spacer 120 and the encapsulation film 730 .

[0354] The peel strength between the isolation member 120 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the isolation member 120 and the encapsulation film 730, so that the solar cell 100 and the isolation member 120 can always remain integrated. During the lamination process, the isolation member 120 will not shift, avoiding damage to the solar cell 100 and reducing the risk of hidden cracks. At the same time, the isolation member 120 increases the contact structure between the solar cell 100 and the encapsulation film 730, forming a point-to-surface contact adhesive coverage, reducing the stress directly exerted on the solar cell 100 during the lamination process, thereby avoiding hidden cracks in the solar cell 100, and increasing the stability of the component, reducing the risk of hidden cracks caused by the displacement of the solar cell 100 due to inertia during circulation and transportation.

[0355] Peel strength refers to the maximum force required to separate materials per unit width from the contact surface. It reflects the material's bonding strength. In the embodiments of this application, peel strength refers to the adhesion strength between the solar cell 100 and the encapsulating film 730, the encapsulating film 730 and the backsheet 52, the encapsulating film 730 and the cover plate 51, the solar cell 100 and the spacer 120, and the spacer 120 and the encapsulating film 730. Peel strength is related to the durability and performance of photovoltaic modules under various environmental conditions.

[0356] In current technology, there are various methods for testing peel strength. It is understood that the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit how to measure peel strength. For example, the method can be measured using a dedicated testing device such as a peel strength tester. Another example is manually peeling the encapsulating film 730 and the solar cell 100, and then measuring the peel strength using a tensile tester.

[0357] In some embodiments, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the cover plate 51 , and / or the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the back plate 52 .

[0358] In the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, the adhesion strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is relatively large, and the bonding between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is more firm. Even if used for a long time under the action of gravity, or encountering vibration or shaking, delamination is not likely to occur, thereby reducing the risk of delamination and extending the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0359] The spacer 120 disposed on the solar cell 100 can form multiple adhesive points, which ensure a more secure bond between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 and form a point-to-surface contact coverage of the encapsulation film 730. This provides a larger coverage area for the encapsulation film 730, resulting in more moderate colloid flow during the lamination process. The edge of the encapsulation film 730 is less likely to warp, reducing the height difference or step between the edge of the solar cell 100 and the encapsulation film 730. Due to the presence of the spacer 120, the encapsulation film 730 in contact with the solar cell 100 has a relatively lower hardness, thereby reducing the pressure on the solar cell 100 during the lamination process and reducing the risk of hidden cracks in the solar cell 100.

[0360] In the above-described structure of the embodiment of the present application, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the cover plate 51; alternatively, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the back plate 52; alternatively, the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100 is greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the cover plate 51, and greater than the peel strength between the encapsulation film 730 and the back plate 52. Thus, through the strong adhesion between the encapsulation film 730 and the solar cell 100, the solar cell 100 is sealed and waterproofed, thereby improving the stability of photoelectric conversion.

[0361] The battery stack structure of the third aspect of the present application is described in detail below.

[0362] A battery stack structure includes a plurality of stacked solar cells 100, wherein electrodes 110 are provided on the backlight surface of the solar cell 100. The solar cell may be any of the solar cells described in the above embodiments.

[0363] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the battery stack structure is composed of multiple groups of solar cells; each group of solar cells includes two solar cells 100 whose backlight surfaces contact each other. For each pair of adjacent solar cells 100 whose light-receiving surfaces contact each other in the battery stack structure, a protective adhesive layer 300 is provided on the light-receiving surface of at least one solar cell 100. (The figure shows a solution in which a protective adhesive layer 300 is provided on one solar cell 100.)

[0364] In an embodiment of the present application, at least a portion of the battery stack structure (at least a portion of the battery stack structure includes an even number of solar cells) can be composed of multiple groups of solar cells W, each group of solar cells W is composed of two solar cells 100 whose backlight surfaces are in contact with each other, and multiple groups of solar cells W are stacked to form a battery stack structure. This stacking method allows surface contact in the stack structure, including contact between the backlight surfaces of the solar cells in each group of solar cells W and contact between the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells between adjacent groups of solar cells W.

[0365] Among them, since there is an electrode 110 on the backlight surface of the solar cell 100, the contact between the backlight surfaces of the solar cell 100 and the backlight surfaces of the solar cell 100 can be supported by the mutual contact of the electrodes 110 of the two solar cells 100, so that the surface of the backlight surface of the solar cell 100 will not be scratched due to contact with other structures, thereby protecting the backlight surface of the solar cell 100.

[0366] Regarding the contact between the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells 100 and the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells 100, in order to avoid surface scratches caused by direct contact between the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100, the embodiment of the present application can provide a protective adhesive layer 300 on the light-receiving surface of at least one of the two solar cells 100 whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact. This prevents the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100 from directly contacting each other, and the protective adhesive layer 300 can provide support and cushioning between the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100, thereby protecting the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells 100. In addition, the protective adhesive layer is fixed to the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells, making it difficult for the protective adhesive layer to fall off or shift in position, thereby providing continuous protection for the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells.

[0367] Optionally, for two adjacent solar cells 100 whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact with each other in the battery stack structure, a protective adhesive layer 300 is provided on the light-receiving surface of one of the solar cells 100. Since the embodiment of the present application only provides a protective adhesive layer on the light-receiving surface of at least one of the two adjacent solar cells whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact with each other, it is not necessary to provide a protective adhesive layer on the light-receiving surfaces of all solar cells. While ensuring the protection of the light-receiving surfaces of the solar cells, the overall amount of adhesive used is reduced, thereby saving related costs. Of course, in another implementation method, a protective adhesive layer 300 can also be provided on the light-receiving surfaces of the two solar cells 100 whose light-receiving surfaces are in contact with each other, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0368] Optionally, the electrodes 110 of one solar cell 100 in each group of solar cells W are arranged to intersect with the electrodes 110 of another solar cell 100. For example, the electrodes 110 of one solar cell 100 in each group of solar cells W are perpendicular to the electrodes 110 of another solar cell 100. Here, the electrodes 110 can be busbars or thin grid lines.

[0369] Optionally, the electrode 110 includes a main grid line and a fine grid line. When the raised height of the main grid line is greater than the raised height of the fine grid line, the main grid line of one solar cell 100 in each group of solar cells W is arranged to intersect with the main grid line of another solar cell 100; when the raised height of the main grid line is less than the raised height of the fine grid line, the fine grid line of one solar cell 100 in each group of solar cells W is arranged to intersect with the fine grid line of another solar cell 100.

[0370] It should be noted that if the raised height of the main grid line of the solar cell is equal to the raised height of the fine grid line, since the main grid line of the solar cell is perpendicular to the fine grid line, there is no need to consider the arrangement of the electrodes of one solar cell and the electrodes of another solar cell in each group of solar cells, and the arrangement between the two is not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0371] Optionally, the electrodes include only fine grid lines; the fine grid lines of one solar cell in each group of solar cells are arranged to cross the fine grid lines of another solar cell.

[0372] In this application, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in each embodiment can be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0373] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0374] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and purpose of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, Comprising: A solar cell body having a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface, with electrodes provided on the backlight surface, and spacers provided on the light-receiving surface and / or the backlight surface.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of spaced-apart spacers are provided on the light-receiving surface, and the extending directions of at least some of the spacers intersect with the extending direction of the electrodes.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spacer is formed by sequentially arranging a plurality of dot-shaped protrusions and / or a plurality of linear protrusions at intervals along a preset direction, and the preset direction is the extending direction of the spacer; or, the spacer is a continuously extending strip-shaped protrusion; And / or The extending direction of at least some of the spacers forms a first included angle with the extending direction of the electrodes, and the range of the first included angle is: 30° - 150°.

4. The solar cell according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The spacer includes a plurality of spaced-apart first spacers, the extending directions of the plurality of first spacers are the same, and the extending direction of the first spacer intersects with the extending direction of the electrodes.

5. The solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spacer further includes a plurality of second spacers, the plurality of second spacers are spaced apart, and the extending directions of the second spacers intersect with the extending direction of the first spacer and the extending direction of the electrodes respectively.

6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The light-receiving surface includes four regions, namely a first region, a second region, a third region, and a fourth region; the first region and the second region are arranged along a first direction, the third region and the fourth region are arranged along the first direction; the first region and the third region are arranged along a second direction, the second region and the fourth region are arranged along the second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the first spacers are provided in the second region and the third region, and the second spacers are provided in the first region and the fourth region.

7. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The backlight surface is provided with a bus electrode and a collector electrode connected to each other, and the electrode refers to the one with a higher height among the bus electrode and the collector electrode; Or, the backlight surface is provided with a collector electrode, and the electrode refers to the collector electrode.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of the electrodes are provided in the backlight surface at intervals along a third direction, The spacer includes a first protection member, and a plurality of spaced-apart first protection members are provided on at least one of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface, and the maximum dimension of the orthographic projection of the first protection member on the backlight surface along the third direction is greater than the distance between adjacent two electrodes.

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The spacer is a protection glue unit; A protection glue layer is provided on at least one of the backlight surface and the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, the backlight surface is provided with a plurality of the electrodes, and the protection glue layer is composed of a plurality of spaced-apart protection glue units; the minimum distance between two adjacent protection glue units is less than the projection width of the electrodes on the surface of the solar cell.

10. The solar cell according to claim 9, wherein The electrode includes a terminal wire, a welding point, and a fine grid line, and the terminal wire is electrically connected to a part of the fine grid lines; the minimum distance between two adjacent protection glue units is less than the projection width of the one with a higher height among the terminal wire, the welding point, and the main grid line on the backlight surface of the solar cell; Or, The electrode includes a welding point, a main grid line, and a fine grid line; the minimum distance between two adjacent protection glue units is less than the projection width of the one with a higher height among the welding point, the main grid line, and the fine grid line on the backlight surface of the solar cell; Or, The electrode includes a welding point and a fine grid line; the minimum distance between two adjacent protection glue units is less than the projection width of the one with a higher height among the welding point and the fine grid line on the backlight surface of the solar cell.

11. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The spacer includes a plurality of first spacer protrusions and a plurality of second spacer protrusions; The electrode includes a plurality of grid lines; A plurality of the first spacer protrusions are provided on the backlight surface of the cell body, and the first spacer protrusions protrude from the backlight surface of the cell body; A plurality of the second spacer protrusions are provided on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the second spacer protrusions protrude from the light-receiving surface of the cell body; A plurality of the grid lines are provided on at least one surface of the cell body; in the thickness direction of the cell body, the height of at least one of the first spacer protrusions and the second spacer protrusions is greater than the height of all the grid lines; A plurality of the second spacer protrusions project on the backlight surface of the cell body, and the projection has no intersection with the first spacer protrusion, or, the projection has a partial intersection with the first spacer protrusion.

12. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell is a back-contact cell; The spacer includes insulating glue; The electrode includes grid lines, and the insulating glue and the grid lines are provided on the backlight surface of the cell body; In the direction away from the cell body, the height of the insulating glue is greater than the height of the grid lines, and the Mohs hardness range of the end of the insulating glue away from the back-contact cell is 2-7.

13. The solar cell according to claim 12, wherein The insulating glue includes a first insulating glue and a second insulating glue, the first insulating glue is connected to the backlight surface of the cell body and covers a preset position of the grid lines; the second insulating glue is connected to at least a part of the first insulating glue, and the second insulating glue covers the surface of the first insulating glue away from the cell body; Or, The insulating glue includes a first insulating glue and a second insulating glue; the first insulating glue is connected to the backlight surface of the back-contact cell and covers at least a part of the position of the grid lines; the second insulating glue is in a convex dot structure, and the second insulating glue is connected to the surface of at least a part of the first insulating glue away from the cell body; Or, the insulating glue only includes the first insulating glue, and the first insulating glue is connected to the backlight surface of the back-contact cell and covers at least a part of the position of the grid lines.

14. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The solar cell is a back-contact cell; The electrode includes a plurality of support grid lines; The spacer includes a plurality of isolation protrusions; the support grid lines are disposed on the backlight surface of the cell body; the isolation protrusions are disposed on the light-receiving surface of the cell body and protrude from the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the arrangement direction of the isolation protrusions is parallel to the extension direction of the support grid lines; When a projection of the plurality of isolation protrusions is made on the backlight surface of the cell body, at least a part of the plurality of support grid lines overlaps with the projection.

15. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The backlight surface is the first surface, and the light-receiving surface is the second surface; The electrode includes a plurality of current collecting electrodes disposed on the first surface of the cell body; A plurality of the spacers are disposed on the first surface and / or the second surface of the cell body, and the extension direction of the spacers intersects the extension direction of the current collecting electrodes; the spacer includes a plurality of isolation bumps arranged along the extension direction of the spacer; the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same spacer in the extension direction of the spacer is greater than the distance between two adjacent current collecting electrodes.

16. The solar cell according to claim 15, characterized in that, The distance between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same spacer in the direction perpendicular to the current collecting electrode is greater than the distance between two adjacent current collecting electrodes.

17. The solar cell according to claim 15, characterized in that, The plurality of current collecting electrodes include first current collecting electrodes and second current collecting electrodes alternately arranged in sequence in a direction perpendicular to the current collecting electrodes; The distance between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same spacer in the extension direction of the spacer is greater than the distance between two adjacent first current collecting electrodes; And / or, the distance between two adjacent isolation bumps in the same spacer in the extension direction of the spacer is greater than the distance between two adjacent second current collecting electrodes.

18. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The light-receiving surface includes a fifth region and a plurality of sixth regions; A plurality of the spacers are disposed on the light-receiving surface of the cell body, and the density of the spacers located in the fifth region is greater than the density of the spacers located in the sixth region; The solar cell further includes a plurality of current collecting electrodes disposed on the backlight surface of the cell body, and the plurality of sixth regions are arranged along the extension direction of the current collecting electrodes; the extension direction of the sixth region is perpendicular to the current collecting electrodes.

19. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein One of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface is the first surface, and the other is the second surface; The spacer includes a plurality of isolation bumps disposed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the cell body, and the plurality of isolation bumps are arranged in multiple rows along a first direction, and each row of the isolation bumps includes a plurality of the isolation bumps arranged along a second direction; Among them, l is the larger one of the distances between two adjacent isolation bumps along the first direction or the distances between two adjacent isolation bumps along the second direction, h is the height of the isolation bump, n is an integer obtained by taking the ratio of the long side to the short side of the solar cell, and l, h, and n satisfy the relationship:

20. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backlight surface is the first surface, and the light-receiving surface is the second surface; The electrode includes a plurality of current collecting electrodes disposed on the first surface of the cell body; The spacer includes a plurality of spacer structures disposed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the cell body, and the plurality of spacer structures are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the current collecting electrode; Wherein, the distance between adjacent two of the current collecting electrodes is greater than the distance between adjacent two of the spacer structures in the direction perpendicular to the current collecting electrode.

21. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The orthographic projection of the spacer on the backlight surface at least partially overlaps with the electrode; And / or, the coverage rate of the spacer on at least one of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface is S81, 0.5% ≤ S81 ≤ 10%; And / or, In the direction away from the cell body, the height range of the spacer is 2 μm - 80 μm.

22. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Comprising a solar cell as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 21.

23. The photovoltaic module according to claim 22, wherein The photovoltaic module further includes a cover plate, a back plate and an encapsulation adhesive film; wherein, the solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate and the back plate through the encapsulation adhesive film; the peel strength between the spacer and the solar cell is greater than the peel strength between the spacer and the encapsulation adhesive film.

24. A battery stacking structure, characterized in that, The battery stack structure includes a plurality of stacked solar cells as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 21.

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