Method and apparatus related to wireless sensing

Abstract

In one embodiment, a method performed by a first device is provided. For example, the first device may select at least one device in which a line-of-sight with the first device is secured. For example, the first device may transmit sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the at least one device in which the line-of-sight with the first device is secured.

Description

Methods and devices related to wireless sensing

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] In one embodiment, a method is provided that is performed by a first device. For example, the first device may transmit sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and at least one device having line-of-site.

[0006] In one embodiment, a first device is provided. The first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that cause the first device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: / or transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and the at least one device having the line-of-site secured;

[0007] In one embodiment, a processing device adapted to control a first device is provided. The processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that cause the first device to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: / or transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and the at least one device having the line-of-site secured;

[0008] In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon is proposed. The instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: / or transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and at least one device having line-of-site;

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates three cast types according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a double-side RTT positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a method related to wireless sensing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a method related to wireless sensing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a procedure of a method related to wireless sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 is a drawing for explaining a method performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 is a drawing for explaining a method performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Fig. 22 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 25 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 26 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 27 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0037] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0038] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0039] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0040] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0041] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0042] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0043] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0044] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0045] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0046] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0048] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0049] - Satellite integrated network

[0050] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0051] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0052] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0053] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0054] - small cell networks

[0055] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0056] - High-capacity backhaul

[0057] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0058] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0059] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0060] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0061] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0062] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0063] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0064] - Optical wireless technology

[0065] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0066] - Quantum communication

[0067] - Cell-free communication

[0068] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0069] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0070] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0071] - Big data analysis

[0072] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0073] - metaverse

[0074] - Blockchain

[0075] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0076] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0077] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0078] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0079] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0080] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0081] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0082] Data travels between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0083] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0084] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0085] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0086] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0087] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0088] Establishing an RB refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0089] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0090] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0091] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0092] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0093] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0094] The following Table 2 shows the number of symbols per slot (Nslotsymb) and the number of slots per frame (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0095] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0096] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) may be defined as a plurality (e.g., 12) of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed through activated BWPs. Each element may be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0098] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0099] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0100] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0101] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0102] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0103] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0104] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH can be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB can have the same numerology (e.g., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB can be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH can span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0105] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a sidelink-related control channel, a sidelink-related physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a sidelink-related shared channel, a sidelink-related physical shared channel, etc.

[0106] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0107] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0108] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0109] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0110] Below, an example of DCI format 3_0 is described.

[0111] DCI format 3_0 is used for scheduling NR PSCCH and NR PSSCH in one cell.

[0112] The following information is transmitted via DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI or SL-CS-RNTI.

[0113] - Resource Pool Index - ceiling (log2I) bits, where I is the number of resource pools for transmission, set by the upper layer parameter sl-TxPoolScheduling.

[0114] - Time gap - 3 bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-DCI-ToSL-Trans

[0115] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0116] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0117] - Lowest index of subchannel allocation for initial transmission - ceiling (log2(N SL subChannel)) bit

[0118] - SCI Format 1-A Field: Frequency Resource Allocation, Time Resource Allocation

[0119] - PSFCH-to-HARQ feedback timing indicator - ceiling (log2N fb_timing ) bits, where N fb_timing is the number of entries of the upper layer parameter sl-PSFCH-ToPUCCH.

[0120] - PUCCH resource indicator - 3 bits

[0121] - Configuration Index - 0 bit if the UE is not configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI; otherwise, 3 bits. If the UE is configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI, this field is reserved for DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI.

[0122] - Counter sidelink allocation index - 2 bits, 2 bits if the UE is set to pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook = dynamic, 2 bits if the UE is set to pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook = semi-static

[0123] - Padding bits if needed

[0124] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0125] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1 st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0126] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0127] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0128] Below, an example of a frequency range of a wireless communication system is described.

[0129] A frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2 (FR2-1 and / or FR2-2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in communication systems, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0130] Frequency Range Specification Corresponding Frequency Range Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR 1450MHz - 6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR 224 250MHz - 52 600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0131] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of a wireless communication system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0132] Frequency Range Specification Corresponding Frequency Range Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR 1 410 MHz - 7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR 2 (FR 2-1) 24 250 MHz - 52 600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz FR 2 (FR 2-2) 52 600 MHz - 71 000 MHz 60, 120, 240, 480, 960 kHz

[0133] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0134] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0135] FIG. 9 illustrates three cast types according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 9 (a) illustrates broadcast-type SL communication, FIG. 9 (b) illustrates unicast-type SL communication, and FIG. 9 (c) illustrates groupcast-type SL communication. In the case of unicast-type SL communication, a terminal can perform one-to-one communication with another terminal. In the case of groupcast-type SL communication, a terminal can perform SL communication with one or more terminals within the group to which it belongs. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, SL groupcast communication can be replaced with SL multicast communication, SL one-to-many communication, etc.

[0136] Below, the synchronization acquisition of the SL terminal is described.

[0137] In time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, accurate time and frequency synchronization is essential. If time and frequency synchronization is not accurate, system performance may be degraded due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). This is also the case in V2X. In V2X, for time / frequency synchronization, the sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) can be used in the physical layer, and the master information block-sidelink-V2X (MIB-SL-V2X) can be used in the radio link control (RLC) layer.

[0138] FIG. 10 illustrates a synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0139] Referring to Fig. 10, in V2X, a terminal can be directly synchronized to a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or can be indirectly synchronized to a GNSS through a terminal (within network coverage or outside network coverage) that is directly synchronized to a GNSS. When a GNSS is set as a synchronization source, the terminal can calculate the DFN and subframe number using the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre-)configured DFN offset.

[0140] Alternatively, the terminal may be synchronized directly to the base station, or may be synchronized to another terminal that is time / frequency synchronized to the base station. For example, the base station may be an eNB or a gNB. For example, if the terminal is within network coverage, the terminal may receive synchronization information provided by the base station and be synchronized directly to the base station. Thereafter, the terminal may provide the synchronization information to other adjacent terminals. If the base station timing is set as the synchronization reference, the terminal may follow the cell associated with the frequency (if within cell coverage at the frequency), the primary cell, or the serving cell (if outside cell coverage at the frequency) for synchronization and downlink measurements.

[0141] A base station (e.g., a serving cell) may provide synchronization settings for a carrier used for V2X or SL communications. In this case, the terminal may follow the synchronization settings received from the base station. If the terminal does not detect any cell on the carrier used for V2X or SL communications and does not receive synchronization settings from the serving cell, the terminal may follow the preset synchronization settings.

[0142] Alternatively, the terminal may synchronize with another terminal that has not obtained synchronization information directly or indirectly from the base station or GNSS. The synchronization source and preference may be preset for the terminal. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference may be set via a control message provided by the base station.

[0143] An SL synchronization source can be associated with a synchronization priority. For example, the relationship between a synchronization source and a synchronization priority can be defined as shown in Table 5 or Table 6. Table 5 or Table 6 is merely an example, and the relationship between a synchronization source and a synchronization priority can be defined in various forms.

[0144] Priority Levels GNSS-based synchronization Base station-based synchronization (eNB / gNB-based synchronization) P0 GNSS Base station P1 All terminals directly synchronized to GNSS All terminals directly synchronized to the base station P2 All terminals indirectly synchronized to GNSS All terminals indirectly synchronized to the base station P3 All other terminals GNSS SP4 All terminals directly synchronized to N / AGNSS P5 All terminals indirectly synchronized to N / AGNSS P6 N / A All other terminals

[0145] Priority Levels GNSS-based synchronization Base station-based synchronization (eNB / gNB-based synchronization) P0 GNSS Base station P1 All terminals directly synchronized to GNSS All terminals directly synchronized to the base station P2 All terminals indirectly synchronized to GNSS All terminals indirectly synchronized to the base station P3 Base station GNSS SP4 All terminals directly synchronized to the base station All terminals directly synchronized to GNSS P5 All terminals indirectly synchronized to the base station All terminals indirectly synchronized to GNSS P6 Remaining terminal(s) with lower priority Remaining terminal(s) with lower priority

[0146] In Table 5 or Table 6, P0 may denote the highest priority, and P6 may denote the lowest priority. In Table 5 or Table 6, the base station may include at least one of a gNB or an eNB. Whether to use GNSS-based synchronization or base station-based synchronization may be (pre-)configured. In single-carrier operation, the terminal may derive its transmission timing from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0147] For example, the terminal can (re)select a synchronization reference, and the terminal can obtain synchronization from the synchronization reference. Then, the terminal can perform SL communication (e.g., PSCCH / PSSCH transmission / reception, PSFCH (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel) transmission / reception, S-SSB transmission / reception, reference signal transmission / reception, etc.) based on the obtained synchronization.

[0148] Hereinafter, positioning and wireless sensing will be described. In the present disclosure, the technology (operation) for positioning services can also be applied to the technology (operation) for wireless sensing and communication integrated with wireless sensing (e.g., technology related to the Location Management Function (LMF) / technology related to the Sensing Management Function (SMF)).

[0149] Below, positioning is explained.

[0150] FIG. 11 illustrates an example architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 11, the AMF may receive a request for location services related to a specific target UE from another entity, such as a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or the AMF itself may decide to initiate location services on behalf of a specific target UE. Then, the AMF may transmit a location service request to a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF, which has received the location service request, may process the location service request and return a processing result, including an estimated location of the UE, to the AMF. Meanwhile, if the location service request is received from another entity, such as a GMLC, other than the AMF, the AMF may forward the processing result received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0152] ng-eNB (new generation evolved-NB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for position estimation. They can measure radio signals for target UEs and transmit the results to the LMF. In addition, ng-eNB can control several Transmission Points (TPs), such as remote radio heads (REHs), or PRS-only TPs that support a PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

[0153] The LMF is connected to an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to support Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA), one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, by utilizing downlink measurements acquired by the target UE via signals transmitted from the eNB and / or PRS-dedicated TPs in the E-UTRAN.

[0154] Meanwhile, the LMF can be connected to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different positioning services for target UEs. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the position measurement of the UE. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, the required Quality of Service (QoS), the UE positioning capabilities, the gNB positioning capabilities, and the ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply the positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. In addition, the LMF can determine the position estimate for the target UE and additional information such as the accuracy of the position estimate and velocity. The SLP is a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning through the user plane.

[0155] The UE may measure downlink signals from sources such as the NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE barometric pressure sensors. The UE may include an LCS application, or may access an LCS application through communication with a network to which the UE is connected or through other applications included in the UE. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions necessary to determine the location of the UE. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), and may report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. This independently acquired positioning information may be utilized as supplementary information to the positioning information acquired from the network.

[0156] FIG. 12 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0157] When the AMF receives a location service request while the UE is in the Connection Management - IDLE (CM-IDLE) state, the AMF may establish a signaling connection with the UE and request a network trigger service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation process is omitted in Fig. 12. For example, in Fig. 12, it can be assumed that the UE is in connected mode. However, the signaling connection may be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process due to reasons such as signaling and data inactivity.

[0158] Referring to FIG. 12, the network operation process for specifically measuring the location of a UE will be described below. In step 1a, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request a location service to measure the location of a target UE from a serving AMF. However, even if the GMLC does not request a location service, the serving AMF may determine, according to step 1b, that a location service is necessary to measure the location of the target UE. For example, the serving AMF may decide to directly perform a location service to measure the location of a UE for an emergency call.

[0159] Thereafter, the AMF may transmit a location service request to the LMF according to step 2, and the LMF may initiate location procedures with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB according to step 3a to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data. Additionally, the LMF may initiate location procedures for downlink positioning with the UE according to step 3b. For example, the LMF may transmit location assistance data (Assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355) to the UE, or obtain a location estimate or a location measurement. Meanwhile, step 3b may be performed additionally after step 3a is performed, or may be performed instead of step 3a.

[0160] In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. The location service response may also include information about whether the UE's location estimation was successful and an estimate of the UE's location. If the procedure of FIG. 12 was initiated by step 1a, the AMF may forward the location service response to a 5GC entity, such as the GMLC. If the procedure of FIG. 12 was initiated by step 1b, the AMF may utilize the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0161] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message between an LMF and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0162] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via NAS PDUs between AMF and UE. Referring to FIG. 13, LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs over an intermediate network interface using a suitable protocol, such as NGAP (NG Application Protocol) over the NG-C (NG-Control Plane) interface, NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0163] For example, via the LPP protocol, a target device and a location server can exchange capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to exchange error information and / or indicate the termination of an LPP procedure.

[0164] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0165] NRPPa can be used to exchange information between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced-Cell IDs (E-CIDs) for measurements transmitted from ng-eNBs to LMFs, data to support OTDOA positioning methods, Cell-IDs for NR Cell ID positioning methods, and Cell Location IDs. Even if the AMF does not have information about the associated NRPPa transactions, it can route NRPPa PDUs based on the routing ID of the associated LMF through the NG-C interface.

[0166] The NRPPa protocol's procedures for location and data collection can be divided into two types. The first type is a UE-associated procedure for conveying information about a specific UE (e.g., position measurement information, etc.), and the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure for conveying information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). These two types of procedures may be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0167] Meanwhile, the positioning methods supported by NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, terrestrial beacon system (TBS), and UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival). Among the above positioning methods, the position of the UE may be measured using any one of the positioning methods, but the position of the UE may also be measured using two or more positioning methods.

[0168] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival)

[0169] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0170] The OTDOA positioning method utilizes the timing measurements of downlink signals received by the UE from multiple TPs, including the eNB, ng-eNB, and PRS-dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Based on these measurement results and the geographic coordinates of neighboring TPs, the UE's location can be determined.

[0171] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap for OTDOA measurements from a TP. If the UE does not recognize a Single Frequency Network (SFN) for at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use an autonomous gap to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0172] Here, the RSTD can be defined based on the smallest relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. For example, it can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. Meanwhile, the reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0173] Accurate OTDOA measurement requires measuring the time of arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically dispersed TPs or base stations. For example, the TOA for TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 can be measured, and based on the three TOAs, the RSTD for TP 1-TP 2, the RSTD for TP 2-TP 3, and the RSTD for TP 3-TP 1 can be calculated. Based on these, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be used to estimate the UE's location. In this case, since each TOA measurement may have accuracy and / or uncertainty, the estimated UE's location may be known within a certain range depending on the measurement uncertainty.

[0174] For example, the RSTD for two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0175]

[0176] Here, c is the speed of light, and {xt, y t} are the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, and {x i , y i} are the coordinates of the (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of the reference TP (or another TP). Here, (T i -T1) is the transmission time offset between two TPs, which can be called "Real Time Differences" (RTDs), and n i , n1 can represent a value related to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0177] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0178] In the Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of the UE can be measured through geographic information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0179] Meanwhile, the E-CID positioning method may utilize additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources in addition to the CID positioning method to improve the UE position estimate. In the E-CID positioning method, some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of the RRC protocol may be used, but generally, additional measurements are not performed solely for UE position measurement. In other words, a separate measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided to measure the UE's position, and the UE may not expect to be requested to perform additional measurement operations solely for position measurement, and may report measurements obtained through measurement methods generally available to the UE.

[0180] For example, a serving gNB can implement an E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurements provided from the UE.

[0181] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning include:

[0182] - UE measurements: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time difference, GERAN (GSM EDGE Random Access Network) / WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0183] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx Time difference, Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

[0184] Here, TADV can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0185] TADV Type 1 = (ng-eNB RX-TX time difference) + (UE E-UTRA RX-TX time difference)

[0186] TADV Type 2 = ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference

[0187] Meanwhile, AoA can be used to measure the direction of a UE. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counterclockwise direction from a base station / TP. In this case, the geographical reference direction may be north. The base station / TP can use uplink signals such as a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. In addition, the larger the antenna array array, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When antenna arrays are arranged at equal intervals, signals received from adjacent antenna elements can have a constant phase shift (phase-rotate).

[0188] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0189] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the serving cell is used as a reference cell, and the UE's location can be estimated based on the arrival time difference with other cells (or base stations / TPs). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can designate the serving cell of the target UE to instruct the target UE to transmit SRS. In addition, the E-SMLC can provide configuration settings such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0190] (4) RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0191] RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between a target entity and a server entity even when their time synchronization is not correct. When RTT is performed with multiple server entities, the distance from each server entity is measured individually. Using the measured distance from each server entity, a circle is drawn, and the absolute positioning of the target entity can be determined by the point where each circle intersects.

[0192] Here's how to perform RTT between two entities: If entity #1 transmits PRS #1 at t1, entity #2 receives PRS #1 at t2, and after entity #2 receives PRS #1, entity #2 transmits PRS #2 at t3, and entity #1 receives PRS #2 at t4, then the distance D between the two entities can be calculated as follows.

[0193] D = cx {(t4-t1) - (t3-t2)} / 2 (where c is the speed of light)

[0194] The RTT between the UE and the gNB can be calculated based on the above formula using the UE Rx - Tx time difference and the gNB Rx - Tx time difference in Tables 13 and 15 below.

[0195] (5) Double-side RTT

[0196] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a double-side RTT (Round Trip Time) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0197] For example, a way to perform a double-side RTT between two entities might be as follows:

[0198] For example, double-side RTT may be a positioning technique that can measure the distance between two entities even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0199] For example, double-side RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors.

[0200] For example, the propagation delay T^ can be estimated by two measurements (e.g., T round1 , T round2 , T reply1 , T reply2 ).

[0201] For example, the propagation delay T(T^) can be calculated based on mathematical expression 2.

[0202]

[0203] For example, the propagation delay T(T^) can be calculated based on mathematical expression 3.

[0204]

[0205] And, T round1 × T round2 T reply1 × T reply2 We can see that it can be mathematical formula 4,

[0206]

[0207] Here, mathematical expression 4 can be the same as mathematical expression 5.

[0208]

[0209] Therefore, the propagation delay T(T^) can be estimated as in mathematical expression 6.

[0210]

[0211] In this case, for example, the error in propagation delay estimation due to clock error may be as shown in Equation 7.

[0212]

[0213] Here, e UE1 and e UE2 may be the clock offset of UE1 and UE2.

[0214] The propagation delay T(T^) may be the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0215] In this specification, the following definition(s) / applicable object(s) may also be applied to DL / UL / SL positioning (based on RS (e.g., SRS, PRS, etc.)).

[0216] For example, the following may represent an example of a reference signal time difference (RSTD). For example, the following RSTD may be applied for SL positioning.

[0217] Reference signal time difference (RSTD)

[0218] - Definition: The relative time difference between E-UTRA neighbor cell j and E-UTRA reference cell i is T SubframeRxj -T SubframeRxi can be defined as, where: T SubframeRxj may be the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from E-UTRA cell j, and T SubframeRxi may be the time at which the UE receives the start of the subframe from E-UTRA cell i, which is closest to the time of one subframe received from E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference may be the antenna connector of the UE.

[0219] - Applicable target: RRC_CONNECTED inter-RAT

[0220] For example, the following may represent an example of DL PRS RSRP (reference signal received power). For example, the following DL PRS RSRP may be applied for SL positioning.

[0221] DL PRS RSRP(reference signal received power)

[0222] - Definition: DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) may be defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in units of [W]) of resource elements carrying the DL PRS reference signal established for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency band. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if receive diversity is used by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding DL PRS-RSRP value of any one of the individual receiver branches.

[0223] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0224] For example, the following may represent an example of DL RSTD (relative signal time difference). For example, the following DL RSTD may be applied for SL positioning.

[0225] DL relative signal time difference (RSTD)

[0226] - Definition: The DL RSTD between positioning node j and reference positioning node i is T SubframeRxj -T SubframeRxi can be defined as . Here, T SubframeRxj may be the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from positioning node j, and T SubframeRximay be the time at which the UE receives the start of a subframe from positioning node i, which is closest to the time at which the UE receives a subframe from positioning node j. Multiple DL PRS resources may be used to determine the start of a subframe from a positioning node. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD may be the antenna of the UE.

[0227] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0228] For example, the following may represent an example of a UE Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following UE Rx-Tx time difference may be applied for SL positioning.

[0229] UE Rx-Tx time difference

[0230] - Definition: UE Rx-Tx time difference is T UE-RX -T UE-TX can be defined as . Here, T UE-RX may be the UE reception timing of downlink subframe #i from the positioning node and may be defined as the first detected path in time, and T UE-TX may be the UE transmission timing of the uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the positioning node. Multiple DL PRS resources may be used to determine the start of one subframe of the first arrival path of the positioning node. For frequency range 1, T UE-RX The reference point for measurement can be the Rx antenna connector of the UE and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, TUE-RX The reference point for measurement can be the Rx antenna of the UE and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna of the UE.

[0231] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0232] For example, the following is UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival)(T UL-RTOA ) can be used as an example. For example, the following UL RTOA can be applied for SL positioning.

[0233] UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival)(T UL-RTOA )

[0234] - Definition: UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival) (T UL-RTOA ) may mean the start of subframe i containing SRS received at positioning node j for a configurable reference time. SRS resources for multiple positioning may be used to determine the start of one subframe containing SRS received at the positioning node. T UL-RTOA The reference points may be: - for Type 1-C base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna connector, - for Type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna, - for Type 1-H base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0235] For example, the following shows an example of a gNB Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following gNB Rx-Tx time difference can be applied for SL positioning.

[0236] gNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0237] Definition: gNB Rx-Tx time difference is T gNB-RX -T gNB-TX can be defined as . Here, T gNB-RX may be the positioning node reception timing of uplink subframe #i containing SRS associated with the UE, which may be defined as the first detected path in time. T gNB-TX may be the positioning node transmission timing of the downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the UE. SRS resources for multiple positioning may be used to determine the start of one subframe containing the SRS. T gNB-RX The reference points for may be: - for type 1-C base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna, - for type 1-H base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector. T gNB-TX The reference points may be: - for type 1-C base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Tx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Tx antenna, - for type 1-H base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Tx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0238] For example, the following shows an example of UL AoA (Angle of Arrival). For example, the following UL AoA can be applied for SL positioning.

[0239] UL AoA(Angle of Arrival)

[0240] - Definition: UL AoA (Angle of Arrival) may be defined as the estimated azimuth and vertical angles of the UE with respect to a reference direction, where the reference direction may be defined as follows: - In the global coordinate system (GCS), the estimated azimuth may be measured with respect to the geographic north and may be positive in a counterclockwise direction, and the estimated vertical angle may be measured with respect to the zenith and may be positive in the horizontal direction. - In the local coordinate system (LCS), the estimated azimuth may be measured with respect to the x-axis of the LCS and may be positive in a counterclockwise direction, and the estimated vertical angle may be measured with respect to the z-axis of the LCS and may be positive in the xy-plane direction. The azimuth, downward angle, and inclination angle of the LCS may be defined according to TS 38.901

[0014] . The UL AoA may be determined at the gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to this UE.

[0241] For example, the following shows an example of UL SRS RSRP (reference signal received power). For example, the following UL SRS RSRP can be applied for SL positioning.

[0242] UL SRS reference signal received power (RSRP)

[0243] Definition: The UL SRS reference signal received power (RSRP) may be defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in units of [W]) of the resource elements carrying the sounding reference signals (SRS). The UL SRS RSRP may be measured based on a configured resource element within a measurement frequency band considered in a configured measurement time opportunity. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the gNB. For frequency range 2, the UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if receive diversity is used by the gNB, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRP value of any one of the individual receiver branches.

[0244] For example, the following shows an example of a line-of-sight (propagation path) from a source to a receiver. For example, the following line-of-sight (propagation path) may be a line-of-sight for position-related measurements (e.g., TOA, RSRP(P), the above-mentioned measurements (values) (RSTD(reference signal time difference), DL PRS RSRP(reference signal received power), DL RSTD(relative signal time difference), UE Rx-Tx time difference, UL RTOA(UL Relative Time of Arrival), gNB Rx-Tx time difference, UL AoA(Angle of Arrival), UL SRS RSRP(reference signal received power)). For example, the following line-of-sight may be applied for SL positioning and / or wireless sensing (and / or communication integrated with wireless sensing).

[0245] line-of-sight

[0246] Definition: It can be defined as the likelihood of a line-of-sight propagation path from a source to a receiver. For example, it can be defined in a hard manner (e.g., Boolean) that there is no line-of-sight propagation path from the source to the receiver (likelihood 0, FALSE), or that there is a line-of-sight propagation path (likelihood 1, TRUE). For example, the likelihood of a line-of-sight propagation path from a source to a receiver can be defined in a soft manner (e.g., a scale) as to how likely it is (e.g., with a probability ranging from 0 to 1, e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%). The likelihood of a line-of-sight propagation path from a source to a receiver can be defined in both a hard and a soft manner. For example, the granularity of a line-of-sight propagation path from a source to a receiver can be TRP-specific. For example, the granularity of the line-of-sight propagation path from a source to a receiver may be resource-specific.For example, the granularity of the line-of-sight propagation path from a source to a receiver can be signal-specific.

[0247] In this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0248] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0249] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE.

[0250] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF.

[0251] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

[0252] - SL positioning controlled by the base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station.

[0253] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE.

[0254] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station / LMF.

[0255] - SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0256] - T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0257] - S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0258] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0259] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0260] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0261] - SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

[0262] - CCH: Control Channel

[0263] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from other UEs, including a RX UE, that includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resources).

[0264] - Sensing RS - A (reference) signal used for sensing purposes (e.g., reference signal, radar, lidar, wi-fi signal, ultrasonic signal, etc.)

[0265] - BS-BS Sensing: Sensing in which BS#1 transmits sensing RS and BS#2 receives the sensing RS. If BS#1 and BS#2 are separate BSs, this may mean BS-BS bi-static sensing operation, and if BS#1 and BS#2 are the same BS, this may mean BS-BS mono-static sensing operation. The BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). If BS#1 and / or BS#2 are one or more BSs, this may mean BS-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0266] - BS-UE Sensing: Sensing in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS. The BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). If the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, this may refer to a BS-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0267] - UE-BS Sensing: Sensing in which a UE transmits a sensing RS and a BS receives the sensing RS. The BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). If the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, this may refer to a UE-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0268] - UE-UE Sensing - Sensing in which UE#1 transmits a sensing RS and UE#2 receives the sensing RS. If UE#1 and UE#2 are separate UEs, this may mean a UE-UE bi-static sensing operation, and if UE#1 and UE#2 are the same UE, this may mean a UE-UE mono-static sensing operation. The BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). If UE#1 and / or UE#2 are one or more UEs, this may mean a UE-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0269] - SMF - Sensing Management Function

[0270] - TSA - Target Sensing Area (a location area that requires sensing with a certain quality of sensing service (deriving characteristics of objects and / or environments from affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) sensing signals)

[0271] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources composed of the following information.

[0272] - SL PRS resource ID

[0273] - SL PRS comb size: Interval between REs where SL PRS is transmitted within a symbol

[0274] - SL PRS comb offset: RE index where SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

[0275] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS.

[0276] - SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol transmitting SL PRS within a slot.

[0277] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up the SL PRS in one slot.

[0278] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) at which the SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0279] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0280] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0281] - SL PRS periodicity: the period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, a unit of physical or logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0282] - SL PRS Offset: The offset in the time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0283] - SL PRS sequence ID

[0284] - SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0285] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location, etc.

[0286] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a method related to wireless sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0287] Referring to FIG. 17, for example, to implement a bistatic sensing function based on an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, a first device (in a sensing group) can transmit a sensing signal. For example, a first device can transmit a sensing signal about a target sensing area (an object and / or an indoor / outdoor environment surrounding the object (e.g., other objects around the location of the object (e.g., clutter), other obstacles between the object and other objects (e.g., line-of-sight, non-line-of-sight, etc.)). For example, a second device (within the sensing group) can receive a sensing signal affected by the object / the indoor / outdoor environment surrounding the object (e.g., reflection, refraction, diffraction) in response to the transmitted sensing signal. Through this, it can be operated to sense the object and / or the environment. For example, by receiving / processing the affected sensing signal, information about the object, etc. (e.g., horizontal / vertical object detection, the location of the object, and / or the distance (range) to the object, and / or the direction (angle) to the object, and / or the speed of the object, and / or the geographic Information (geometric information), and / or object recognition (e.g., car, human, animal, UAV, etc.) can be obtained.

[0288] For example, the sensing signal may be a dedicated signal for sensing purposes, and / or may be a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or may be a reference signal that may be used for communication, such as a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or may be a fused signal for both sensing and communication purposes. For example, the sensing signal may be at least one of a radar, a lidar, a Wi-Fi signal, a camera (video), or an ultrasonic signal.

[0289] For example, a second device receiving an affected sensing signal may be within the same entity as a first device transmitting the sensing signal. For example, a second device receiving an affected sensing signal may be separate from a first device transmitting the sensing signal. For example, information about the location of the first device and / or the location of the second device may be known. For example, information about the time of the first device (e.g., the time of transmitting the sensing signal) and / or the time of the second device (e.g., the time of receiving the affected sensing signal) may be known. For example, at least one first device transmitting a sensing signal and / or at least one second device receiving an affected sensing signal may be within a sensing group.

[0290] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a method related to wireless sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0291] Referring to FIG. 18, for example, to implement a bistatic sensing function, a first device (within a sensing group) can transmit a sensing signal. For example, the first device can transmit a first sensing signal with respect to a target sensing area (an object and / or an indoor / outdoor environment surrounding the object (e.g., other objects around the location of the object (e.g., clutter), other obstacles between the object and other objects (e.g., line-of-sight, non-line-of-sight, etc.)). For example, a second device (within a sensing group) can receive a second sensing signal that is affected (e.g., reflected, refraction, diffracted) by the object / indoor / outdoor environment surrounding the object in response to the transmitted first sensing signal.

[0292] For example, the target sensing area can be determined by the first device, and / or the second device, and / or a third device different from the first device and the second device (e.g., SMF, etc.). For example, the target sensing area can be defined as a circle / sphere with a center point of the area (at a certain height (section)) and / or a radius of the area. For example, the target sensing area can be defined as a regular N-gon with a center point of the area (at a certain height (section)) and / or a length of the area. For example, the target sensing area can be defined by a zone ID (at a certain height (section)) and / or a zone length. For example, the target sensing area can be defined by a position (section) measured / predicted by positioning (at a certain height (section)) and / or a threshold value (e.g., position error). For example, a target sensing region may be defined by a unit length of the region, and / or a center point of the region, and / or an angle (e.g., azimuth) (section) relative to a first reference line passing through the center point, and / or an angle (e.g., zenith angle) (section) relative to a second reference line passing through the center point, or an elevation angle (section) relative to the first reference line passing through the center point. For example, a target sensing region may be defined by latitude (section) and / or longitude (section) and / or height (section).

[0293] For example, the first device and the second device may not have line-of-site (e.g., due to an obstacle between the first device and the second device blocking the line-of-site). For example, the first device and the third device may have line-of-site. For example, the distance (d) between the first device and the second device may be shorter than a threshold value by the sum of the distance (d2) between the first device and the target sensing area (e.g., a distance determined through RTT positioning) and the distance (d1) between the target sensing area and the second device, and based on this, it may be determined that the line-of-site is not obtained (e.g., based on a difference in reception strength predicted through the distance). For example, the distance (d') between the first device and the third device may be shorter than a sum of the distance (d2') between the first device and the target sensing area (e.g., a distance determined through RTT positioning) and the distance (d1') between the target sensing area and the second device within a threshold value, and based on this (e.g., based on a difference in reception strength predicted through the distance), it may be determined that line-of-site is secured.

[0294] For example, if a sensing signal is transmitted for a target sensing area without securing a line-of-site between a transmitting device and a receiving device within a sensing group, the receiving device cannot properly receive the affected sensing signal. For example, if a transmitting device and / or a receiving device perform beamforming, a transmitting device that knows the position of the receiving device can focus transmission to a direction and antenna area where the reception intensity of the receiving device is expected to be (most) strong, taking into account the position of the receiving device and the expected (reflection / diffraction / refraction) angle of the affected sensing signal with respect to the target sensing area. Similarly, for example, if a transmitting device and / or a receiving device perform beamforming, a receiving device that knows the position of the transmitting device can focus reception to a direction and antenna area where the reception intensity of the receiving device is expected to be (most) strong, taking into account the position of the transmitting device and the expected (reflection / diffraction / refraction) angle of the affected sensing signal with respect to the target sensing area. However, if line-of-site is not secured between the transmitting device and the receiving device, even if transmission or reception is concentrated toward the location with the (strongest) reception strength, the actual reception strength may be greatly reduced, which may significantly degrade the quality of the sensing service. Furthermore, if a mechanism or positive / negative feedback is implemented to concentrate transmission or reception toward the location with the (strongest) reception strength when line-of-site is not secured between the transmitting device and the receiving device, the incentive to change the transmission / reception direction, etc. may be insufficient because transmission or reception will be concentrated toward the location with the (strongest) reception strength in an environment with low reception strength overall. Therefore, for example, as long as an environment without line-of-site is maintained, the quality of the sensing service may continue to be significantly degraded.

[0295] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, among at least one transmitting device in a sensing group and at least one receiving device in a sensing group, the transmitting device and / or receiving device having line-of-site may be determined to transmit a sensing signal and / or receive an affected sensing signal. For example, a fourth device may transmit information to the transmitting device and / or receiving device having line-of-site (within the sensing group) requesting (instructing) the transmitting device and / or receiving device having line-of-site to transmit a sensing signal and / or to receive an affected sensing signal. For example, the first device and / or the second device / the third device may transmit information to the transmitting device and / or receiving device having line-of-site (within the sensing group) requesting (instructing) the transmitting device and / or receiving device having line-of-site to transmit a sensing signal and / or to receive an affected sensing signal. Therefore, the problem of reduced quality of sensing services between transmitting and receiving devices without line-of-site coverage and objects / environments within the target sensing area can be resolved. For example, by smoothly performing beamforming, in which transmitting and / or receiving devices with line-of-site coverage focus transmission or reception toward the (strongest) reception intensity, the actual reception intensity can be significantly increased, thereby significantly improving the quality of sensing services.

[0296] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a procedure of a method related to wireless sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0297] Referring to FIG. 19, for example, at least one first device (transmitting device) and / or at least one second device (receiving device) may perform measurements and / or positioning related to positioning. For example, the measurements and / or positioning related to positioning may include measurements and / or positioning related to line-of-site.

[0298] For example, at least one first device, at least one second device, and / or at least one third device (e.g., an SMF) may obtain (e.g., may be configured, may be generated, etc.) information associated with a sensing group. For example, the information associated with a sensing group may include information for determining at least one of a transmitting device member and / or a receiving device member within the sensing group. For example, the information associated with a sensing group may include information associated with a target sensing area. For example, the information associated with a sensing group may include information associated with a line-of-site (related to positioning or measurement) between members within the sensing group.

[0299] For example, the third device may transmit sensing operation request (instruction) information (e.g., via a control channel, via MAC CE, etc.) to request (instruct) at least one first member and / or at least one second member that has line-of-site to perform a sensing operation.

[0300] For example, at least one first member having a line-of-site can transmit a first sensing signal to an object within the target sensing area and / or to an environment surrounding the object.

[0301] For example, at least one second member having a line-of-site secured may receive an affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) second sensing signal.

[0302] For example, at least one second member having line-of-site can generate and / or process sensing data based on said second sensing signal.

[0303] For example, at least one second member having line-of-site can transmit the generated sensing data and / or processed sensing results to at least one first member having line-of-site and / or at least one third device (e.g., SMF).

[0304] According to one embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, sensing result information based on a sensing signal can be reliably secured by determining a sensing group (member) from among devices that have a high possibility of a line-of-site propagation path from a source (transmitter) to a receiver or that have secured a line-of-site propagation path. According to one embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, multi-static / bistatic sensing based on a sensing signal can be efficiently performed by determining a sensing group (member) from among devices that have a high possibility of a line-of-site propagation path from a source (transmitter) to a receiver or that have secured a line-of-site propagation path.

[0305] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case of a UE-BS sensing operation, it may be necessary to define an entity that determines a target sensing area and an operation of the entity.

[0306] In the present disclosure, a method for performing UE-BS sensing can be proposed depending on an entity that determines a target sensing area in the case of UE-BS sensing operation.

[0307] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, in the case of UE-BS bi-static sensing, where a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) transmits a sensing RS and a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) performs a sensing operation by receiving a signal reflected by an object by the sensing RS and performing a measurement on the received sensing RS, the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) and / or the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) may perform UE-BS bi-static sensing through at least one of the following operation(s).

[0308] - For example, the SMF (Sensing Management Function) can determine the target sensing area.

[0309] -- For example, a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can perform the operation(s) of SMF, and / or,

[0310] -- For example, the SMF may determine a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) and / or a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) to participate in sensing, and / or may request (instruct) the sensing operation to the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) and the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE).

[0311] --- For example, the SMF may determine a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) and / or a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) to participate in the UE-BS bi-static sensing among UEs and / or BSs within a threshold distance from the target sensing area.

[0312] --- For example, the SMF may determine, among the UEs and / or BSs, UEs and / or BSs that have secured line-of-sight between a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) and a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) (e.g., line-of-sight probability is 1, line-of-sight probability is greater than or equal to a threshold value) as transmitting devices (e.g., TX UE) and / or receiving devices (e.g., RX BS).

[0313] - For example, a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can determine a target sensing area.

[0314] -- For example, it may be limited to cases where the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) performs the operation of SMF.

[0315] -- For example, a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) that has determined the target sensing area can transmit target sensing area information to a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE).

[0316] --- For example, a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) may transmit via a dedicated protocol or a physical downlink control channel / physical downlink shared channel used for sensing operations.

[0317] --- For example, in the case of UE-BS multi-static sensing, the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can transmit the target sensing area information to another receiving device (e.g., RX BS) and / or another transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) participating in the sensing.

[0318] --- For example, in the case of UE-BS multi-static sensing, the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can transmit the target sensing area information received from the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) to another transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) participating in sensing.

[0319] -- For example, the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can report the sensing results to the SMF.

[0320] --- For example, a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) may transmit via a dedicated protocol or a physical uplink control channel / physical uplink shared channel used for sensing operations.

[0321] -- For example, a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) that has determined the target sensing area can determine the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) based on the target sensing area, and / or can instruct the corresponding transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) to perform the sensing operation.

[0322] --- For example, a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can determine a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) to participate in the UE-BS bi-static sensing among UEs within a threshold distance from the target sensing area.

[0323] --- For example, among the above UEs, UEs that have secured line-of-sight between a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) and a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can be determined as transmitting devices (e.g., TX UE).

[0324] --- For example, the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) may be limited to a UE in an RRC connection state (RRC_CONNECTED_MODE state) (with the receiving device (e.g., RX BS)).

[0325] --- For example, the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can determine the target sensing area only within its (partial) coverage area.

[0326] - For example, a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can determine a target sensing area.

[0327] -- For example, a transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can determine a target sensing area and transmit target sensing area information to a receiving device (e.g., RX BS).

[0328] --- For example, the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can select a receiving device (e.g., RX BS) to transmit a sensing RS based on the target sensing area information.

[0329] ---- For example, the closest BS can be selected from the target sensing area.

[0330] ---- For example, a BS within a threshold distance from the target sensing area can be selected.

[0331] ---- For example, the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can select the BS closest to its location.

[0332] ---- For example, the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can select a BS within a threshold distance from its own location.

[0333] ---- For example, a BS that is in an RRC connection state (RRC_CONNECTED_MODE) (with the above transmitting device (e.g., TX UE)) can be selected.

[0334] ----- If a BS of a neighbor cell other than the serving cell of the above transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) is selected as a receiving device (e.g., RX BS), BS information (e.g., cell ID) of the selected neighbor cell can be reported to the BS of the serving cell.

[0335] --- For example, in the case of UE-BS multi-static sensing, the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) can transmit the target sensing area information to another transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) participating in sensing.

[0336] --- For example, in the case of UE-BS multi-static sensing, the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can transmit the target sensing area information received from the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) to another receiving device (e.g., RX BS) participating in sensing.

[0337] -- For example, the receiving device (e.g., RX BS) can report the sensing result for the sensing RS to the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE) or SMF.

[0338] --- For example, the above report may include an ID associated with the receiving device (e.g., RX BS).

[0339] --- For example, the above report may include an ID associated with the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE).

[0340] --- For example, the linked ID may be an ID (e.g., source ID, destination ID) of the transmitting device (e.g., TX UE).

[0341] --- For example, the above report may include an ID (e.g., sequence ID) associated with the sensing RS.

[0342] --- For example, the report may include identification information (e.g., resource ID, resource set ID) associated with the resource to which the sensing RS was transmitted and / or the location of the resource.

[0343] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for efficiently performing UE-BS sensing according to an entity that determines a target sensing area for a UE-BS sensing operation can be proposed.

[0344] For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) (LCH or service) priority-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range)-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed PQI parameter-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission)-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for CBR measurement values ​​of resource pools. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast).For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on TX-RX distance). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) whether the PSFCH resource is a configured resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a source (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a destination (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection link.For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL link. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a connection state (with a base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ process (ID). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or an RX UE) is performed. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the UE is power saving (TX or RX). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) if (from a specific UE perspective) PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and / or multiple PSFCH TXs (which exceed the UE capability)) (and / or if PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from a TX UE.

[0345] For example, in the present disclosure, the setting (or designation) wording can be extended to include a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0346] For example, in the present disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). In addition, the proposed method of the present disclosure can be extended (in a new form) by being combined with each other.

[0347] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may mean a value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, an operation set by a network / base station may mean an operation that a base station sets (in advance) to a UE via a higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0348] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0349] Referring to FIG. 20, in step S2010, for example, the first device may select at least one device that has line-of-sight with the first device. In step S2020, for example, the first device may transmit sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and at least one device that has line-of-sight with the first device.

[0350] Additionally or alternatively, the sensing operation may comprise at least one of transmitting a first sensing signal, or receiving a second sensing signal impacted by the object or by an environment surrounding the object.

[0351] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may be located within an entity different from the at least one device.

[0352] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the target sensing area where sensing is required may be obtained.

[0353] Additionally or alternatively, the line-of-site may include a line-of-site relating to a propagation path between a transmitting device associated with transmitting a first sensing signal and a receiving device associated with receiving a second sensing signal impacted by the object or by an environment surrounding the object.

[0354] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise at least one device that is (i) secured between the first device and the line-of-site, or (ii) within a threshold distance from a target sensing area where sensing is desired.

[0355] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise (i) at least one device closest to the target sensing area where the line-of-site is secured with the first device, or (ii) where sensing is required.

[0356] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise at least one device that (i) has a line-of-site with the first device, or (ii) has a distance from the first device that is less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0357] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise: (i) at least one device that is secured in line-of-site with the first device, or (ii) at least one device that is closest to the first device.

[0358] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise at least one device that (i) has a line-of-site connection with the first device, or (ii) has a radio resource control connection established with the first device.

[0359] Additionally or alternatively, information relating to a result of said sensing operation, including information relating to an ID of said at least one device, may be received.

[0360] Additionally or alternatively, information related to a result of the sensing operation, including information related to a sequence ID of a sensing signal used in the sensing operation, may be received.

[0361] Additionally or alternatively, information related to a result of the sensing operation, including information related to sensing resources used in the sensing operation, may be received.

[0362] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the memory (104) of the first device (100) may have instructions recorded thereon that cause the first device (e.g., the processor (102), the transceiver (106)) to perform operations based on being executed by the processor (102). For example, the operations may include: a step of selecting at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device; and / or a step of transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and the at least one device having line-of-sight.

[0363] In one embodiment, a method is provided that is performed by a first device. For example, the first device may select at least one device that has line-of-sight with the first device. For example, the first device may transmit sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and the at least one device that has line-of-sight with the first device.

[0364] In one embodiment, a first device is provided. The first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that cause the first device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: / or transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and the at least one device having the line-of-site secured;

[0365] In one embodiment, a processing device adapted to control a first device is provided. The processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that cause the first device to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: selecting at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device; and / or transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device.

[0366] In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon is proposed. The instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: selecting at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device; and / or transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and the at least one device having line-of-sight.

[0367] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a method performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0368] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2110, for example, the second device may receive sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation. In step S2120, for example, the second device may perform the sensing operation. For example, the second device performing the sensing operation may be included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

[0369] Additionally or alternatively, the sensing operation may comprise at least one of transmitting a first sensing signal, or receiving a second sensing signal impacted by the object or by an environment surrounding the object.

[0370] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may be located within an entity different from the at least one device.

[0371] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the target sensing area where sensing is required may be obtained.

[0372] Additionally or alternatively, the line-of-site may include a line-of-site relating to a propagation path between a transmitting device associated with transmitting a first sensing signal and a receiving device associated with receiving a second sensing signal impacted by the object or by an environment surrounding the object.

[0373] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise at least one device that is (i) secured between the first device and the line-of-site, or (ii) within a threshold distance from a target sensing area where sensing is desired.

[0374] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise (i) at least one device closest to the target sensing area where the line-of-site is secured with the first device, or (ii) where sensing is required.

[0375] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise at least one device that (i) has a line-of-site with the first device, or (ii) has a distance from the first device that is less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0376] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise: (i) at least one device that is secured in line-of-site with the first device, or (ii) at least one device that is closest to the first device.

[0377] Additionally or alternatively, the at least one device may comprise at least one device that (i) has a line-of-site connection with the first device, or (ii) has a radio resource control connection established with the first device.

[0378] Additionally or alternatively, information relating to a result of said sensing operation, including information relating to an ID of said at least one device, may be received.

[0379] Additionally or alternatively, information related to a result of the sensing operation, including information related to a sequence ID of a sensing signal used in the sensing operation, may be received.

[0380] Additionally or alternatively, information related to a result of the sensing operation, including information related to sensing resources used in the sensing operation, may be received.

[0381] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the memory (204) of the second device (200) may have instructions recorded therein that cause the second device (e.g., the processor (202), the transceiver (206)) to perform operations based on being executed by the processor (202). For example, the operations may include: the step of the second device (e.g., the processor (202), the transceiver (206)): receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and / or the step of performing the sensing operation; wherein the second device performing the sensing operation may be included in at least one device having a line-of-sight secured therein.

[0382] In one embodiment, a method is provided that is performed by a second device. For example, the second device may receive sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation. For example, the second device may perform the sensing operation. For example, the second device performing the sensing operation may be included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

[0383] In one embodiment, a second device is provided. The second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that cause the second device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and / or performing the sensing operation; wherein the second device performing the sensing operation may be included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

[0384] In one embodiment, a processing apparatus configured to control a second device is provided. The apparatus may include at least one processor; and at least one memory executable to the at least one processor, and having instructions recorded thereon that cause the second device to perform operations based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and / or performing the sensing operation; wherein the second device performing the sensing operation may be included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

[0385] In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon is proposed. The instructions, when executed by at least one processor, may cause a second device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and / or performing the sensing operation; wherein the second device performing the sensing operation may be included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

[0386] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0387] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0388] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0389] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0390] Fig. 22 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 22 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0391] Referring to FIG. 22, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0392] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0393] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0394] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0395] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0396] Referring to FIG. 23, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 22.

[0397] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0398] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0399] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0400] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0401] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0402] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0403] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0404] Referring to FIG. 24, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 24 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23. The hardware elements of FIG. 24 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 23. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 23, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23.

[0405] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 24. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0406] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0407] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0408] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 24. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 23) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0409] Figure 25 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 22). The embodiment of Figure 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0410] Referring to FIG. 25, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 23 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 23. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 23. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0411] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 22, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 22, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 22, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 22, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 22, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 22, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 22, 400), a base station (Fig. 22, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0412] In FIG. 25, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0413] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 25 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0414] FIG. 26 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0415] Referring to FIG. 26, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 25, respectively.

[0416] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0417] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0418] Figure 27 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of Figure 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0419] Referring to FIG. 27, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 25, respectively.

[0420] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0421] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0422] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method performed by the first device, A step of selecting at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device; and A method comprising: a step of transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and at least one device for which the line-of-site is secured; 2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the sensing operation comprises at least one of transmitting a first sensing signal or receiving a second sensing signal impacted by an object or an environment surrounding the object.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said first device is located within an entity different from said at least one device.

4. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: a step of obtaining information related to a target sensing area in which sensing is required; 5. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the line-of-site comprises a line-of-site relating to a propagation path between a transmitting device associated with transmitting a first sensing signal and a receiving device associated with receiving a second sensing signal impacted by an object or an environment surrounding the object.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said at least one device comprises (i) at least one device that is within a threshold distance from the first device and the line-of-site is secured, or (ii) a target sensing area where sensing is required.

7. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said at least one device comprises (i) at least one device closest to the target sensing area where sensing is required, or (ii) the first device and the line-of-site are secured.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said at least one device comprises at least one device having (i) a line-of-site with said first device, or (ii) a distance from said first device less than or equal to a threshold value.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said at least one device comprises (i) at least one device having a line-of-site with said first device, or (ii) at least one device that is closest to said first device.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said at least one device comprises at least one device having (i) a line-of-site connection with said first device, or (ii) a radio resource control connection established with said first device.

11. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: receiving information related to a result of said sensing operation, said information including information related to an ID of said at least one device; 12. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: receiving information related to a result of the sensing operation, the information including information related to a sequence ID of a sensing signal used in the sensing operation.

13. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: receiving information related to a result of the sensing operation, the information including information related to sensing resources used in the sensing operation.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory executable connected to said at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause said first device to perform operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operations comprising: A step of selecting at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device; and A first device comprising: a step of transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and at least one device for which the line-of-site is secured; 15. In a processing device adapted to control a first device, The above processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory executable connected to said at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause said first device to perform operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operations comprising: A step of selecting at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device; and A processing device comprising: a step of transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and at least one device for which the line-of-site is secured; 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above instructions, when executed, cause the first device to perform actions, wherein the actions are: A step of selecting at least one device having line-of-sight with the first device; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising: a step of transmitting sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation to the first device and at least one device having the line-of-site secured; 17. In a method performed by a second device, A step of receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and A step of performing the above sensing operation; including: A method wherein the second device performing the sensing operation is included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory executable connected to said at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause said second device to perform operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operations comprising: A step of receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and A step of performing the above sensing operation; including: A second device, wherein the second device performing the sensing operation is included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

19. In a processing apparatus adapted to control a second device, the processing apparatus comprises: at least one processor; and At least one memory executable connected to said at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause said second device to perform operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operations comprising: A step of receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and A step of performing the above sensing operation; including: A processing device, wherein the second device performing the sensing operation is included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above instructions, when executed, cause the second device to perform actions, wherein the actions are: A step of receiving sensing operation request information for requesting a sensing operation; and A step of performing the above sensing operation; including: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the second device performing the sensing operation is included in at least one device having line-of-sight.

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