A method for registering dual-terminal to dual-access network
The method addresses secure registration and communication challenges in dual-steer wireless devices by obtaining context information and implementing a dual steer policy, enabling efficient traffic steering and network management.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074610
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in securely registering and communicating between dual-steer capable wireless devices, particularly in managing dual radio access and coordinating traffic steering between companion UEs with shared subscription data.
A method for wireless communication involving a first core network element that receives a registration request from a first wireless device with a dual-steer relationship, obtaining context information such as SUPI, access type, and state of a second wireless device, and implementing a dual steer policy to manage traffic steering.
Enables secure and efficient registration and communication between dual-steer capable wireless devices, facilitating coordinated traffic steering based on shared subscription data and device states, enhancing network management and security.
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Figure CN2024074610_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A METHOD FOR REGISTERING DUAL-TERMINAL TO DUAL-ACCESS NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication including 5G and 6G technologies, and in particular, for a first wireless device to securely registering and communicating with wireless communication network (s) with consideration of a second wireless device, where the first and the second wireless device have a dual steer relationship.BACKGROUND
[0002] In a communication network, the mutual authentication of a UE and the communication network may be performed to allow only authenticated UE and the authenticated communication network to communicate with each other. Efficient and robust authentication mechanism involving two wireless devices having a dual steer relationship is critical to provide secure communication between dual steer capable wireless device and the wireless network.SUMMARY
[0003] This disclosure discloses methods, systems, devices, and storage medium relates to wireless communication. Embodiments are described a first wireless device to securely registering and communicating with wireless communication network (s) with consideration of a second wireless device, where the first and the second wireless has a dual steer relationship.
[0004] In one embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. Performed by a first core network element, the method includes: receiving, from a first wireless device, a first message for a registration request with a first wireless network, wherein: the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with a second wireless device, and the first wireless device and the second wireless device share a same set of subscription data; the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a second SUPI, respectively; the first message carries at least one of: a first 5G Global Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) of the first wireless device; a Subscriber Concealed Identifier (SUCI) of the first wireless device; a dual steer capability of the first wireless device; a first indication that the first wireless device is dual steer capable; or a second indication that the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with the second wireless device; and obtaining at least a subset of first context information for the first wireless device, the first context information comprising at least one of: the second SUPI; an identifier or an address of a second core network element serving the second wireless device; an access type of the second wireless device; or a state of the second wireless device.
[0005] In one embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. Performed by a first network element, the method includes: receiving, from a second core network element serving a second wireless device, a first message comprising at least one of: a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of the first wireless device; or context information for the first wireless device, wherein: the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with the second wireless device; the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by the first SUPI and a second SUPI, respectively; the context information comprises at least one of: the second SUPI; an identifier or an address of the second core network element; an access type of the first wireless device; a dual steer capability of the first wireless device; or a state of the first wireless device.
[0006] In one embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. Performed by a first wireless device, the method includes receiving a first message from a first core network element, wherein: the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with a second wireless device served by a second core network element; the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a second SUPI, respectively; and the first message carrying at least one of: a 5G Global Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) of the second wireless device; an access type of the second wireless device; a state of the second wireless device; or a dual steer policy which applies to the first wireless device and the second wireless device.
[0007] In one embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. Performed by a first wireless device, the method includes: receiving a first message from a first core network element, wherein: the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with a second wireless device served by a second core network element; the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a second SUPI, respectively; and the first message carrying at least one of: a 5G Global Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) of the second wireless device; an access type of the second wireless device; a state of the second wireless device; or a dual steer policy which applies to the first wireless device and the second wireless device.
[0008] In another embodiment, a network element or wireless device comprising a processor and a memory is disclosed. The processor may be configured to read computer code from the memory to implement any of the methods above.
[0009] In yet another embodiment, a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable program medium with computer code stored thereupon is disclosed. The computer code, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement any one of the methods above.
[0010] The above embodiments and other aspects and alternatives of their implementations are explained in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims below.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary communication network including various terminal devices, a carrier network, data network, and service applications.
[0012] FIG. 2 shows exemplary network functions or network nodes in a communication network.
[0013] FIG. 3 shows exemplary network functions or network nodes in a wireless communication network.
[0014] FIG. 4 shows an example wireless network node (or network element, network entity, entity) .
[0015] FIG. 5 shows an example user equipment.
[0016] FIG. 6 shows an exemplary UE with dual radio accesses to wireless network (s) .
[0017] FIG. 7 shows an exemplary dual steer with two UEs.
[0018] FIG. 8 shows two UEs having a dual steer relationship.
[0019] FIGs. 9A-9B show exemplary logic flows for a dual steer capable UE to register to a network, with consideration of its companion dual steer UE.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] An exemplary communication network, shown as 100 in FIG. 1, may include terminal devices 110 and 112, a carrier network 102, various service applications 140, and other data networks 150. The carrier network 102, for example, may include access networks 120 and a core network 130. The carrier network 102 may be configured to transmit voice, data, and other information (collectively referred to as data traffic) among terminal devices 110 and 112, between the terminal devices 110 and 112 and the service applications 140, or between the terminal devices 110 and 112 and the other data networks 150. Communication sessions and corresponding data paths may be established and configured for such data transmission. The Access networks 120 may be configured to provide terminal devices 110 and 112 network access to the core network 130. The Access network 120 may, for example, support wireless access via radio resources, or wireline access. The core network 130 may include various network nodes or network functions configured to control the communication sessions and perform network access management and data traffic routing. The service applications 140 may be hosted by various application servers that are accessible by the terminal devices 110 and 112 through the core network 130 of the carrier network 102. A service application 140 may be deployed as a data network outside of the core network 130. Likewise, the other data networks 150 may be accessible by the terminal devices 110 and 112 through the core network 130 and may appear as either data destination or data source of a particular communication session instantiated in the carrier network 102.
[0021] The core network 130 of FIG. 1 may include various network nodes or functions geographically distributed and interconnected to provide network coverage of a service region of the carrier network 102. These network nodes or functions may be implemented as dedicated hardware network elements. Alternatively, these network nodes or functions may be virtualized and implemented as virtual machines or as software entities. A network node may each be configured with one or more types of network functions. These network nodes or network functions may collectively provide the provisioning and routing functionalities of the core network 130. The term “network nodes” and “network functions” are used interchangeably in this disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 2 further shows an exemplary division of network functions in the core network 130 of a communication network 200. While only single instances of network nodes or functions are illustrated in FIG. 2, those having ordinary skill in the art readily understand that each of these network nodes may be instantiated as multiple instances of network nodes that are distributed throughout the core network 130. As shown in FIG. 2, the core network 130 may include but is not limited to network nodes such as access management network node (AMNN) 230, authentication network node (AUNN) 260, network data management network node (NDMNN) 270, session management network node (SMNN) 240, data routing network node (DRNN) 250, policy control network node (PCNN) 220, and application data management network node (ADMNN) 210. Exemplary signaling and data exchange between the various types of network nodes through various communication interfaces are indicated by the various solid connection lines in FIG. 2. Such signaling and data exchange may be carried by signaling or data messages following predetermined formats or protocols.
[0023] The implementations described above in FIGs. 1 and 2 may be applied to both wireless and wireline communication systems. FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary cellular wireless communication network 300 based on the general implementation of the communication network 200 of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows that the wireless communication network 300 may include user equipment (UE) 310 (functioning as the terminal device 110 of FIG. 2) , radio access network (RAN) 320 (functioning as the access network 120 of FIG. 2) , data network (DN) 150, and core network 130 including access management function (AMF) 330 (functioning as the AMNN 230 of FIG. 2) , session management function (SMF) 340 (functioning as the SMNN 240 of FIG. 2) , application function (AF) 390 (functioning as the ADMNN 210 of FIG. 2) , user plane function (UPF) 350 (functioning as the DRNN 250 of FIG. 2) , policy control function 322 (functioning as the PCNN 220 of FIG. 2) , authentication server function (AUSF) 360 (functioning as the AUNN 260 of FIG. 2) , and universal data management (UDM) function 370 (functioning as the UDMNN 270 of FIG. 2) . Again, while only single instances for some network functions or nodes of the wireless communication network 300 (the core network 130 in particular) are illustrated in FIG. 3, those of ordinary skill in the art readily understand that each of these network nodes or functions may have multiple instances that are distributed throughout the wireless communication network 300. While the AF 390 is depicted as part of the core network 130 in FIG. 3, they may be considered as associated with particular service applications 140 and may be considered as being outside of the core network 140. In this disclosure, various functions deployed in the wireless network as described above may also be referred to as function entities, which may be implemented as a network node, a network element, a logical function, via hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
[0024] In FIG. 3, the UE 310 may be implemented as various types of mobile devices that are configured to access the core network 130 via the RAN 320. The UE 310 may include but is not limited to mobile phones, laptop computers, tablets, Internet-Of-Things (IoT) devices, distributed sensor network nodes, wearable devices, and the like. The UE may also be Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) capable UE that supports edge computing. The RAN 320 for example, may include a plurality of radio base stations distributed throughout the service areas of the carrier network. The communication between the UE 310 and the RAN 320 may be carried in over-the-air (OTA) radio interfaces as indicated by 311 in FIG. 3.
[0025] Continuing with FIG. 3, the UDM 370 may form a permanent storage or database for user contract and subscription data. The UDM may further include an authentication credential repository and processing function (ARPF, as indicated in 370 of FIG. 3) for storage of long-term security credentials for user authentication, and for using such long-term security credentials as input to perform computation of encryption keys as described in more detail below. To prevent unauthorized exposure of UDM / ARPF data, the UDM / ARPF 370 may be located in a secure network environment of a network operator or a third-party.
[0026] The AMF / SEAF 330 may communicate with the RAN 320, the SMF 340, the AUSF 360, the UDM / ARPF 370, and the Policy Control Function (PCF) 322 via communication interfaces indicated by the various solid lines connecting these network nodes or functions. The AMF / SEAF 330 may be responsible for UE to non-access stratum (NAS) signaling management, and for provisioning registration and access of the UE 310 to the core network 130 as well as allocation of SMF 340 to support communication need of a particular UE. The AMF / SEAF 330 may be further responsible for UE mobility management. The AMF may also include a security anchor function (SEAF, as indicated in 330 of FIG. 3) that, as described in more detail below, and interacts with AUSF 360 and UE 310 for user authentication and management of various levels of encryption / decryption keys. The AUSF 360 may terminate user registration / authentication / key generation requests from the AMF / SEAF 330 and interact with the UDM / ARPF 370 for completing such user registration / authentication / key generation.
[0027] The SMF 340 may be allocated by the AMF / SEAF 330 for a particular communication session instantiated in the wireless communication network 300. The SMF 340 may be responsible for allocating UPF 350 to support the communication session and data flows therein in a user data plane and for provisioning / regulating the allocated UPF 350 (e.g., for formulating packet detection and forwarding rules for the allocated UPF 350) . Alternative to being allocated by the SMF 340, the UPF 350 may be allocated by the AMF / SEAF 330 for the particular communication session and data flows. The UPF 350 allocated and provisioned by the SMF 340 and AMF / SEAF 330 may be responsible for data routing and forwarding and for reporting network usage by the particular communication session. For example, the UPF 350 may be responsible for routing end-end data flows between UE 310 and the DN 150, between UE 310 and the service applications 140. The DN 150 and the service applications 140 may include but are not limited to data network and services provided by the operator of the wireless communication network 300 or by third-party data network and service providers.
[0028] The PCF 322 may be responsible for managing and providing various levels of policies and rules applicable to a communication session associated with the UE 310 to the AMF / SEAF 330 and SMF 340. As such, the AMF / SEAF 330, for example, may assign SMF 340 for the communication session according to policies and rules associated with the UE 310 and obtained from the PCF 322. Likewise, the SMF 340 may allocate UPF 350 to handle data routing and forwarding of the communication session according to policies and rules obtained from the PCF 322.
[0029] While FIGs. 1-3 and the various exemplary implementations described below are based on cellular wireless communication networks, the scope of this disclosure is not so limited and the underlying principles are applicable to other types of wireless and wireline communication networks.
[0030] Network identity and data security in the wireless communication network 300 of FIG. 3 may be managed via user authentication processes provided by the AMF / SEAF 330, the AUSF 360, and the UDM / ARPF 370. In particularly, the UE 310 may first communicate with AMF / SEAF 330 for network registration and may then be authenticated by the AUSF 360 according to user contract and subscription data in the UDM / ARPF 370. Communication sessions established for the UE 310 after user authentication to the wireless communication network 300 may then be protected by the various levels of encryption / decryption keys. The generation and management of the various keys may be orchestrated by the AUSF 360 and other network functions in the communication network 300.
[0031] In the wireless communication network, the Application Function (AF, or application function entity) may provide application service to a UE. The AF may be deployed in various locations, such as a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) of the UE, a Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN) of the UE (e.g., when the UE roams to the VPLMN) , or a Data Network (DN) which is external to the HPLMN and the VPLMN. Secure or encrypted data communication between the AF and the UE may be implemented under an Authentication and Key Management for Applications (AKMA) framework. The AKMA framework may be based on various authentication procedures such as the 5G Authentication and Key Agreement (5G-AKA) method, the Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for 3rd Generation Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA') method, the Extensible Authentication Protocol –Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) method, or the like.
[0032] FIG. 4 shows an example of electronic device 500 to implement various network nodes, network elements, network entities, such as a network base station (e.g., a radio access network node) , a core network (CN) , a core network element / entity (e.g., an AMF, a UDM, an AAnF, etc. ) , an operation and maintenance (OAM) , and the like. Optionally in one implementation, the example electronic device 500 may include radio transmitting / receiving (Tx / Rx) circuitry 508 to transmit / receive communication with UEs and / or other base stations. Optionally in one implementation, the electronic device 500 may also include network interface circuitry 509 to communicate the base station with other base stations and / or a core network, e.g., optical or wireline interconnects, Ethernet, and / or other data transmission mediums / protocols. The electronic device 500 may optionally include an input / output (I / O) interface 506 to communicate with an operator or the like.
[0033] The electronic device 500 may also include system circuitry 504. System circuitry 504 may include processor (s) 521 and / or memory 522. Memory 522 may include an operating system 524, instructions 526, and parameters 528. Instructions 526 may be configured for the one or more of the processors 521 to perform the functions of the network node. The parameters 528 may include parameters to support execution of the instructions 526. For example, parameters may include network protocol settings, bandwidth parameters, radio frequency mapping assignments, and / or other parameters.
[0034] In this disclosure, a network function / network entity / entity, such as an AMF, an AUSF, a UDM, an AAnF, an NEF, an AF, may be implemented in hardware, software, a combination of hardware and software, and may be implemented or integrated in the electronic device 500. They may also be implemented as a logical entity hosted by the electronic device 500.
[0035] FIG. 5 shows an example of an electronic device to implement a terminal device 600 (for example, a UE) . The UE 600 may be a mobile device, for example, a smart phone or a mobile communication module disposed in a vehicle. The UE 600 may include a portion or all of the following: communication interfaces 602, a system circuitry 604, an input / output interfaces (I / O) 606, a display circuitry 608, and a storage 609. The display circuitry may include a user interface 610. The system circuitry 604 may include any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or other logic / circuitry. The system circuitry 604 may be implemented, for example, with one or more systems on a chip (SoC) , application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , discrete analog and digital circuits, and other circuitry. The system circuitry 604 may be a part of the implementation of any desired functionality in the UE 600. In that regard, the system circuitry 604 may include logic that facilitates, as examples, decoding and playing music and video, e.g., MP3, MP4, MPEG, AVI, FLAC, AC3, or WAV decoding and playback; running applications; accepting user inputs; saving and retrieving application data; establishing, maintaining, and terminating cellular phone calls or data connections for, as one example, internet connectivity; establishing, maintaining, and terminating wireless network connections, Bluetooth connections, or other connections; and displaying relevant information on the user interface 610. The user interface 610 and the inputs / output (I / O) interfaces 606 may include a graphical user interface, touch sensitive display, haptic feedback or other haptic output, voice or facial recognition inputs, buttons, switches, speakers and other user interface elements. Additional examples of the I / O interfaces 606 may include microphones, video and still image cameras, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, rotation and orientation sensors, headset and microphone input / output jacks, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors, memory card slots, radiation sensors (e.g., IR sensors) , and other types of inputs.
[0036] Referring to FIG. 5, the communication interfaces 602 may include a Radio Frequency (RF) transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) circuitry 616 which handles transmission and reception of signals through one or more antennas 614. The communication interface 602 may include one or more transceivers. The transceivers may be wireless transceivers that include modulation / demodulation circuitry, digital to analog converters (DACs) , shaping tables, analog to digital converters (ADCs) , filters, waveform shapers, filters, pre-amplifiers, power amplifiers and / or other logic for transmitting and receiving through one or more antennas, or (for some devices) through a physical (e.g., wireline) medium. The transmitted and received signals may adhere to any of a diverse array of formats, protocols, modulations (e.g., QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM) , frequency channels, bit rates, and encodings. As one specific example, the communication interfaces 602 may include transceivers that support transmission and reception under the 2G, 3G, BT, WiFi, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) +, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) , 5G and 6G standards. The techniques described below, however, are applicable to other wireless communications technologies whether arising from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , GSM Association, 3GPP2, IEEE, or other partnerships or standards bodies.
[0037] Referring to FIG. 5, the system circuitry 604 may include one or more processors 621 and memories 622. The memory 622 stores, for example, an operating system 624, instructions 626, and parameters 628. The processor 621 is configured to execute the instructions 626 to carry out desired functionality for the UE 600. The parameters 628 may provide and specify configuration and operating options for the instructions 626. The memory 622 may also store any BT, WiFi, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or other data that the UE 600 will send, or has received, through the communication interfaces 602. In various implementations, a system power for the UE 600 may be supplied by a power storage device, such as a battery or a transformer.
[0038] UE Security Parameters and Dual Radio Accesses
[0039] When a UE employs multiple radio connections via multiple radio access points, for each radio connection, the UE needs to register with an AMF associated or allocated to the radio access point (i.e., the AMF serves the radio access point) . In this disclosure, a radio access point may be referred to as a radio for simplicity. For each successful registration (i.e., for each radio connection, or for each radio) , the UE may maintain a security context which includes a set of security parameters such as: Key Set Identifier (KSI) (e.g., ngKSI (next generation KSI) , 5G-GUTI (5G Globally Unique Temporary Identifier) , KAMF (AMF key, may also be noted as KAMF, the prefix K means “Key” ) , and KgNB (i.e., key for gNB) .
[0040] In some example implementations, KAMF is a key derived by the ME (Mobile Equipment, which refers to a portion of a UE along with other portions of UE such as a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) ) and SEAF from KSEAF. KAMF may be used to generate, for example, the integrity keys such as KNASint, and encryption keys such as KNASenc for non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, keys for RAN (e.g., KgNB) , and keys for non3GPP access such as KKN3IWF.
[0041] In some example implementations, KgNB is used to derive a new KgNB when performing horizontal or vertical key derivation during handovers, and the keys KUPenc, KUPint, KRRCenc, KRRCint, which are respectively used for the confidentiality and integrity protection of user plane (UP) traffic and radio resource control (RRC) signaling. As described above, KgNB may be derived from KAMF.
[0042] In some example implementations, the key set identifier ngKSI is assigned by the AMF either during the primary authentication and key agreement procedure or, for the mapped 5G NAS security context, during the inter-system change. The ngKSI may include a value and a type of security context parameter indicating whether a 5G NAS security context is a native 5G NAS security context or a mapped 5G NAS security context. Exemplarily, when the 5G NAS security context is a native 5G NAS security context, the ngKSI has the value of KSIAMF, and when the current 5G NAS security context is of type mapped, the ngKSI has the value of KSIASME.
[0043] As an example, when a UE registers with AMF 1 through radio access point 1 (hereinafter radio 1) , the UE stores security context information associated with radio 1 and AMF 1. The security context may include parameters such as ngKSI1, 5G-GUTI1, KAMF1, and KgNB1. Meanwhile, for this UE, AMF 1 stores the ngKSI1, 5G-GUTI1, and KAMF1, and UDM stores the UE context for radio 1 and AMF 1, and the correspondence between radio 1 and AMF 1. That is, from UDM perspective, this UE is using radio 1 and is served by AMF 1. Further, the UDM may also stores security context information for the pair of (AMF 1, radio 1) . Note that the security context information may be stored at a granularity of per UE per radio level, such that for each radio access of each UE, there may be a security context. In this case, radio 1 utilizes a radio access technology, such as a 3GPP or a non-3GPP Radio Access Technology. The UE may add another radio access, such as another 3GPP Radio Access, via radio access point 2 (hereinafter radio 2) to access the wireless network. Therefore, UE may have a dual connection via 2 radios (radio 1 and radio 2) . Radio 1 and radio 2 may or may not be in a same core network, and may or may not belonging to a same access technology. The selection of radio 1 and / or radio 2 may be determined by, for example, user preference, UE capabilities, service agreement, service profile, etc. For example, user preference may favor a lower fee rate in which case a radio connection with lower cost may be selected; the user preference may also favor higher data speed / throughput and radio 2 may be added on top of radio 1, to achieve goal; the user preference may also favor a better signal quality and a radio with better coverage may be selected; the user preference may also favor power efficiency and a radio with less power consumption may be selected. In some example implementations, multiple user preferences may be combined and considered jointly.
[0044] Radio 1 and radio 2 may use same or difference access technologies. For example, radio 1 and radio 2 may be part of a terrestrial communication network (TN network) , a non-terrestrial communication network (NTN network) , or a non-public network (NPN network, or a private network) . The access technologies may be based on cellular access, or wireless local-area network (WLAN) access, or a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) access. In this disclosure, various combinations of radio 1 and radio 2 are supported. For example, both radio 1 and radio 2 may be 3GPP based access network, such as gNB, eNB, ng-eNB, and the like; or radio 1 uses 3GPP based access technology, and radio 2 uses WLAN based access technology. In some example implementations, radio 1 and radio 2 may both belong to a same vendor or service provider. In some example implementations, they may belong to different vendors. In some example implementations, radio 1 and radio 2 may each belong to a different Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) . In some example implementations, radio 1 and radio 2 may each belong to a different Radio Access Network (RAN) . In some example implementations, radio 1 may belong to a PLMN, and radio 2 may belong to a private network.
[0045] FIG. 6 shows a UE with exemplary dual radio accesses. In this example, the UE establishes two radio connections 710 and 712 destined to the Data Network (DN) 720 and both radio connections are 3GPP accesses. Radio 712 connects to a PLMN2. Radio 710, on the other hand, may connect to a different PLMN (PLMN1) , or Non-public network (NPN) such as a Standalone NPN (SNPN) . In some example implementations, radio 710 and radio 712 are served by a same core network (CN) . In some example implementations, radio 710 and radio 712 are served by different core networks.
[0046] Dual Steer Network Access Using Two Wireless Devices
[0047] In addition to the dual radio accesses as described above, in which a same UE has two different radio accesses, there is another scenario in which two wireless devices (e.g., two physically separate wireless devices) forms a dual steer relationship, such that each of the wireless device has a radio access. These two wireless devices are bound together due to the dual steer relationship, and they may share a same set of subscription data. These two wireless devices may each have its own SIM. FIG. 7 shows an example for dual steer using two UEs. UE1 accesses the network using 3GPP access 730, whereas UE2 accesses the network using 3GPP access 732.
[0048] FIG. 8 shows an example binding relationship (or dual steer relationship) between two wireless devices. UE1 is assigned a SUPI1, and is served by AMF1. UE2 is assigned a SUPI2, and is served by AMF2. As shown in FIG. 8, UE1 and UE2 use a same set of subscription data (or referred to as subscription profile) . UE1 and UE2 are bound via the dual steer relationship. UE1 and UE2 may be referred to as companion UEs due to their dual steer relationship.
[0049] An exemplary use case for dual steer is described herein. In this case, UE1 may be a smart phone, and UE2 may be a smart TV. When both UE1 and UE2 are registered with a network (a same network, or different networks) , traffic steering in downlink and / or uplink direction may be employed. For example, when a video streaming application (APP) is running in UE1, downlink traffic for the video may be steered to UE2, so the user may watch the video on the smart TV, to take advantage of the big screen size. For another example, when there is a push notification, it will be steered to UE1 due to, for example, privacy concern.
[0050] How to perform traffic steering may be determined by various factors, which are listed below.
[0051] ● Signal quality and coverage of each radio access (for UE1 and UE2) , such as signal strength, traffic delay, transmission power, etc.
[0052] ● Billing rate for each radio access.
[0053] ● Type of application.
[0054] ● Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of the applications.
[0055] ● User preference. For example, if user prefer a larger screen, or a small screen with better resolution.
[0056] These factors may be included and stored in user profile, UE context, UE policy, or dual steer policy. The UE steer policy may be considered as one type of UE policies.
[0057] There are special challenges to implement a dual steer mode in wireless network. Dual steer is a coordinated effort among various network elements, including the two wireless devices bound with the dual steer relationship (under this relationship, UE1 and UE2 are companion to each other) . To make a decision on how to steer downlink and / or uplink traffic, one UE may need to know various parameters of the companion UE. For example, UE1 needs to know the state, the access type, the identifier (such as SUPI) , and the serving AMF of UE2, and vice versa. For another example, AMF1 serving UE1 and AMF2 serving UE2 may need to be able to find and communicate with each other to, for example, passing registration, authentication related information.
[0058] In this disclosure, UE context is extended, to adapt to the dual steer feature. Specifically, parameters related to the companion UE for dual steer are added to UE context. These parameters may include, for example:
[0059] ● Identifier of the companion UE, such as SUPI of the companion UE.
[0060] ● State of the companion UE. The state of a UE may include: a connected state; an idle state; a power off state; a power on state; or an inactive state.
[0061] ● Dual steer capability of UE.
[0062] ● Access type of the companion UE. The access type may include: a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) access type; a Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) access type; a Non-Public Networks (NPN) access type; a private access type, and the like.
[0063] ● Identifier or address of the AMF serving the companion UE.
[0064] The above parameters may be referred to as dual steer context information, which may belong to the UE context. As a result, certain parameters of one UE may be reflected in UE context of its companion UE.
[0065] Additionally, a dual steer policy is introduced to coordinate dual steer effort. The dual steer policy applies to both the wireless devices under the dual steer relationship, and may be used define the rules for guiding the steering of downlink and / or uplink traffic.
[0066] In this disclosure, examples may be given using UE1 and UE2 for illustration purpose. The underlying principles and concept apply to all other types of wireless devices, including and not limited to: tablet, laptop, smartwatch, smart TV, and Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0067] In this disclosure, various embodiments are described, in order to address the aforementioned technical issues under dual steer deployment.
[0068] Embodiment 1: Dual Steer Using Two Wireless Devices
[0069] In this embodiment, UE1 and UE2 have a dual steer relationship, such as shown in FIG. 8. For example, UE1 and UE2 may be assigned to, or share a same set of subscription data. UE1 and UE2 may have their respective Subscription Permanent Identifiers (SUPIs) , SUPI1 and SUPI2.
[0070] FIGs. 9A-9B (FIG. 9B is continuation of FIG. 9A) illustrate an example flow chart for UE1 to register with a network after its companion UE via dual steer relationship, UE2, has already completed its registration with the network. An exemplary method may include a portion or all of the following steps.
[0071] Step 1: UE1 sends a Registration Request message (RR message) to a wireless access point, such as a base station (e.g., gNB1 as shown in FIG. s9A and 9B) . The RR message may carry the 5G-GUTI1 of UE1 (i.e., 5G-GUTI1 is assigned to UE1) , and / or SUCI of UE1. As UE1 is dual steer capable, the RR message may further carry a dual steer indication indicating at least one of: UE1 is dual steer capable; dual steer capability of UE1; UE1 has a dual steer relationship with UE2 (which is different from UE1) ; UE1 and UE2 are assigned with, or share a same set of subscription data; or the type of registration is a dual steer registration. Via such indication, the network side (e.g., gNB1, AMF1) may recognize that dual steer specific setup / operation is needed. This indication serves as a signal to inform the network that a special dual steer scenario is involved.
[0072] Step 2: gNB1 forwards the Registration Request message to AMF1.
[0073] Step 3: If the RR message carries 5G-GUTI1, AMF1 may locate the old AMF which previously served UE1 before UE1 makes the current registration request (i.e., old AMF is the last serving AMF for UE1) . AMF1 may proceed to request UE context for UE1 by sending, for example, an Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer message to the old AMF. The message may carry the 5G-GUTI1 of UE1.
[0074] Step 4: The old AMF may send a response message, such as an Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer Response message to the AMF1. The response message may carry the context of the UE1. Further, as UE1 and UE2 have a dual steer relationship, the response message may carry SUPI2 of the UE2, as an indication or identifier for the companion UE (via the dual steer relationship) . The response message may further carry an identifier and / or an address of AMF2, which is the AMF serving UE2. Note that AMF2 is bound with SUPI2 (and / or UE2) . The response message may further carry an access type of UE2. The access type may include: a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) access type; a Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) access type; a Non-Public Networks (NPN) access type; a private access type, and the like. The response message may further carry a state for UE2, where the state may include: a connected state; an idle state; a power off state; a power on state; an inactive state; an in coverage area state; or an out of coverage area state. Based one the state of UE2, it may be determined whether UE2 is registered. For example, when UE2 is in connected state, idle state, power on state, or inactive state, UE2 may be considered to be registered with the network.
[0075] Note that one or more aforementioned parameters carried in the response message, such as SUPI2, the identifier or the address of the AMF2, access type of UE2, or UE2 state, may be considered as part of the context of the UE1, or more specifically, they may be considered as dual steer related context.
[0076] Step 5: There is a possibility that AMF1 may not be able to acquire the context for UE1 from old AMF.
[0077] In certain scenarios, the old AMF may not be able to provide context for UE1. For example, the old AMF may fail to locate or retrieve the context of UE1 based on 5G-GUTI1, then the response message may carry a failure cause.
[0078] In certain scenarios, based on a local policy, the AMF1 is not able to, or is not allowed to obtain the context of UE1 from the old AMF. The local policy may include slice isolation or a vertical industry security policy.
[0079] In another scenario, the link between AMF1 and old AMF may be disconnected, therefore UE context transfer may not be conducted.
[0080] AMF1 may send an Identity Request message to UE1, to request an identity, such as Subscription Concealed Identifier (SUCI) of the UE1.
[0081] Step 6: UE1 may respond with an Identity Response message to AMF1, where the response message may carry SUCI of UE1.
[0082] Step 7: If AMF1 receives SUCI of UE1 in step 1 (RR message) or step 6, or if AMF1 determines to initiate a primary authentication base on a local policy (e.g., the AMF1 may decide to un-trust UE context received in step 4) , the AMF1 may select an AUSF in its home network according to the mobile country codes (MCCs) , mobile network code (MNCs) , and the routing indicator in the SUCI of UE1, and send an Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate Request message to the AUSF, where the message carries the SUCI and a Service Network Name.
[0083] Step 8: The AUSF selects UDMs based on the SUCI, and the AUSF sends an Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get Request to the UDM. The message may carry the SUCI and the Service Network Name.
[0084] Step 9: UDM uses the private key to decrypt the SUCI to obtain an SUPI, and selects an authentication method 5G-AKA (5G Authentication and Key Agreement) (or an EAP-AKA'-Improved Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for Authentication and Key Agreement, or another manner, description below using the 5G-AKA as an example) according to the SUPI. The UDM will then compute CK' and IK' and replace CK and IK by CK' and IK' (that is, UDM update cipher key CK and integrity key IK) . The UDM will then return the 5G HE AV (5G Home Environment Authentication Vector) to the AUSF together with an indication that the 5G HE AV is to be used for 5G AKA in a Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get Response. In case SUCI was included in the Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get Request, UDM will include the SUPI in the Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get Response after de-concealment of SUCI by SIDF.
[0085] Step 10: The AUSF stores the XRES*temporarily together with the received SUCI or SUPI. The AUSF shall then generate the 5G AV from the 5G HE AV received from the UDM by computing the HXRES*from XRES*and KSEAF from KAUSF, and replacing the XRES*with the HXRES*and KAUSF with KSEAF in the 5G HE AV. The AUSF may then remove the KSEAF and return the 5G SE AV (RAND, AUTN, HXRES*) to the AMF1 in a Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate Response.
[0086] Step 11: AMF1 may send RAND, AUTN to UE1 in a NAS message Authentication Request. This message may also include the ngKSI1 (i.e., ngKSI for AMF1) that will be used by the UE and AMF1 to identify the KAMF1 and the partial native security context that is created if the authentication is successful. This message may also include the Anti-Bidding down Between Architectures (ABBA) parameter.
[0087] Further, if the registration type is a dual steer registration (e.g., the registration will take into consideration the counterpart UE used in dual steer) , and UE1 has received an indication indicating that the UE2 is successfully registered, the UE ID parameter P0 (e.g., as defined in A. 7 in 3GPP TS33.501) used in KAMF1 (key for AMF1) calculation may be extracted from the SUPI1; or from SUPI1 and SUPI2, when UE2 is registered in the network, for example, the UE ID parameter P0 = IMSI1 || IMSI2 or P0 = IMSI2 || IMSI1, where ||is concatenation operation. Note that when SUPI type is IMSI, IMSI1 and IMSI2 are set to SUPI1 and SUPI2, respectively. Note that UE1 may have previously received UE2 state before the current registration request, so UE1 may determine whether UE2 is registered or not.
[0088] Step 12: The ME (of UE1) may forward the RAND and AUTN received in NAS message Authentication Request to the USIM (of UE1) . At receipt of the RAND and AUTN, the USIM shall verify the freshness of the received values by checking whether AUTN can be accepted. If so, the USIM computes a response RES. The USIM shall return RES, CK, IK to the ME. If the USIM computes a Kc (i.e. GPRS Kc) from CK and IK using conversion function c3, and sends it to the ME, then the ME shall ignore such GPRS Kc and not store the GPRS Kc on USIM or in ME. The ME then shall compute RES*from RES. The ME then calculates KAUSF from CK||IK. The ME shall calculate KSEAF from KAUSF. An ME accessing 5G shall check during authentication that the "separation bit" in the AMF field of AUTN is set to 1. The "separation bit" is bit 0 of the AMF field of AUTN. UE1 may then return RES*to the AMF1 in a NAS message Authentication Response.
[0089] Step 13: AMF1 may then compute HRES*from RES*, and the AMF1 may compare HRES*and HXRES*. If they coincide, the AMF1 considers the authentication successful from the serving network point of view. The AMF1 may send RES*, as received from the UE1, in a Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate Request message to the AUSF.
[0090] Step 14: When the AUSF receives as authentication confirmation the Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate Request message including a RES*it may verify whether the 5G AV has expired. If the 5G AV has expired, the AUSF may consider the authentication as unsuccessful from the home network point of view. Upon successful authentication, the AUSF stores the KAUSF based on the home network operator's policy. AUSF shall compare the received RES*with the stored XRES*. If the RES*and XRES*are equal, the AUSF may consider the authentication as successful from the home network point of view. AUSF shall inform UDM about the authentication result. The AUSF shall indicate to the AMF1 in the Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate Response whether the authentication was successful or not from the home network point of view. If the authentication was successful, the KSEAF may be sent to the SEAF in the Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate Response. If the authentication was successful, then the AUSF may also include SUPI1 in the Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate Response message.
[0091] Step 15: AMF1 uses the KSEAF to calculate the KAMF1, uses the KAMF1 to calculate the integrity protection key and encryption key, calculates the KgNB1, and sends an NAS Security Mode Command message to the UE. The message carries an ngKSI, UE security capability information, and a NAS MAC check value calculated by using a NAS integrity protection key.
[0092] Step 16: UE calculates the KAMF1 by using the KSEAF, calculates the corresponding integrity protection key and encryption key at the same time according to the KAMF1, calculates the KgNB1, and checks the NAS MAC by using the integrity key. If the integrity check succeeds, the NAS Security Mode Complete message is returned to the AMF1, where the message carries a check value NAS MAC for integrity protection by using the integrity key.
[0093] In some example implementations, if the registration type is a dual steer registration (e.g., the registration will take into consideration the companion UE2 used in dual steer) , and UE1 receives an indication indicating that the UE2 is successfully registered, the UE ID parameter P0 used in KAMF1 (key for AMF1) calculation may be extracted from the SUPI1; or from SUPI1 and SUPI2, when UE2 is registered in the network, for example, the UE ID parameter P0 = IMSI1 || IMSI2 or P0 = IMSI2 || IMSI1, where || is concatenation operation. Note that when SUPI type is IMSI, IMSI1 and IMSI2 are set to SUPI1 and SUPI2, respectively.
[0094] Steps 17a and 17b may both be optional.
[0095] Step 17a: Step 17a includes two sub-steps 17a1 and 17a2.
[0096] In step 17a1, after successfully verifying integrity of the NAS Security Mode Complete message, the AMF1 may initiate a registration procedure to the UDM. The registration request message may include a Nudm_UECM_Registration message.
[0097] In step 17a2, the UDM in turn sends a response message. The response may carry dual steer related context information for UE1. For example, the response message may carry SUPI2 of the UE2, as an indication or identifier for the companion UE (via the dual steer relationship) . The response message may further carry an identifier and / or an address of the AMF2, which is the AMF serving UE2, in case UE2 has registered with AMF2. Note that the response indicates binding information, which shows the binding of UE1 and UE2 via the dual steer feature. Via the binding information, SUPI of UE2 (i.e., SUPI2) , as well as the AMF serving UE2 (i.e., AMF2) , is passed to the receiving entity.
[0098] Step 17b: Step 17b includes two sub-steps 17b1 and 17b2.
[0099] In step 17b1, after AMF1 has successfully completed the Nudm_UECM_Registration operation and if AMF1 does not have subscription data for the UE, AMF1 may retrieve the Access and Mobility Subscription data, SMF Selection Subscription data, UE context in SMF data and LCS mobile origination using Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0100] In step 17b2, UDM in turn sends a response message. In the event that step 17a does not pass dual steer related context information for UE1 to AMF1, the response in 17b2 may carry dual steer related context information for UE1 (details for the dual steer related context information is described above in step 17a) .
[0101] If the AMF1 already has subscription data for the UE, but the Steering of Roaming (SoR) Update Indicator in the UE context requires the AMF1 to retrieve SoR information depending on the NAS Registration Type ( "Initial Registration" or "Emergency Registration" ) , the AMF1 retrieves the Steering of Roaming information using, for example, Nudm_SDM_Get. Note that UDM may retrieve SoR information from UDR by Nudr_DM_Query.
[0102] Step 17c: After a successful response is received, AMF1 may subscribe to UDM in order to be notified when the data requested is modified using Nudm_SDM_Subscribe. UDM may subscribe to UDR by using Nudr_DM_Subscribe. The Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) is provided to AMF1 in the Access and Mobility Subscription data from the UDM if the GPSI is available in the UE subscription data.
[0103] Using the subscription service, if AMF2 address stored in the UDM is changed due to, for example, UE mobility (e.g., UE2 moves to a different AMF) , the UDM may send a notification to the AMF1 with the updated AMF2 address. Similarly, AMF2 may also subscribe to UDM in order to be notified when, for example, AMF1 address is updated, so AMF2 may update its record on AMF1.
[0104] Step 17d: When the UDM stores the associated access type (e.g., 3GPP access) together with UE1’s current serving AMF (i.e., AMF1) , it will cause the UDM to initiate a de-registration procedure with the old AMF corresponding to the same access type (3GPP access) , such that old AMF will de-register the UE1’s radio access with the same access type. The de-registration procedure may be achieved via, for example, an Nudm_UECM_DeregistrationNotification message to the old AMF.
[0105] Step 17e: This step is optional. If the old AMF does not have UE context (associated with UE1) for another access type (i.e. non-3GPP access) , the old AMF unsubscribes with the UDM for subscription data using Nudm_SDM_unsubscribe.
[0106] Step 18: In this step, AMF1 may start to synchronize with AMF2 (which is the serving AMF for UE2) with respect to dual steer context information. Specifically, AMF1 has acquired AMF2 information in step 4, 17a, or 17b. AMF1 may send a message, such as an Namf_Communication_UEBindingUpdate request message to AMF2. The message may carry dual steer related context information with respect to UE1, such as SUPI1; an identifier and / or an address of AMF1, which is the AMF serving UE1; the state of UE1; and the access type of UE1. As described earlier, the access type may include: a 3GPP NRaccess type; an NTN access type; an NPN access type; a private access type, and the like. The context information may also carry SUPI2 (so AMF2 may identify the specific companion UE for which the message is intended) .
[0107] Step 19: The AMF2 sends the UE Policy Update Request message to the PCF associated with AMF2, where the message may carry the SUPI2 and the binding SUPI1 (i.e., SUPI1 is bound with SUPI2 due to the dual steer relationship) , and the message may further carry a dual steer indication indicating at least one of: UE2 and / or UE1 is dual steer capable; UE1 and / or UE’s dual steer capability; UE2 has a dual steer relationship with UE1 (UE is different from UE2) ; UE1 and UE2 are assigned with, or share a same set of subscription data.
[0108] The PCF updates the dual steer policy and send a UE Policy Update Response message to AMF2 with the UE policy container which includes the updated dual steer policy for UE1 and UE2. Note that the dual steer policy may be one type of UE policies, among other types of UE policies.
[0109] Step 20: if UE2 is in idle state, the AMF2 may send a paging message to UE2. If UE2 is in connected state, the AMF2 may send a Downlink (DL) Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message to UE2, where the message may carry at least one of: SUPI1 (as UE1 is bound with UE2 due to dual steer) ; the dual steer policy for UE1 and UE2 (the policy may be encapsulated in a UE policy container) ; UE1 state; access type of UE1 (e.g., 5G NR of 3GPP, NTN, or NPN) . Via this step, UE1 related dual steer context information is passed to UE2.
[0110] Step 21: UE2 stores the parameters received in the DL NAS message. Based on the dual steer policy, UE2 may perform some operations or adjustments, such as rerouting and / or switching downlink and / or uplink data flow. These operations may take into effect in the subsequent procedure (s) . UE2 may respond to AMF2 with, for example, a UL NAS message.
[0111] Note: If the dual steer is operated at or triggered by application layer (such as an APP running on the wireless device) , then steps 20 and 21 may be skipped.
[0112] Step 22: AMF2 may respond to AMF1 with, for example, an Namf_Communication_UEBindingUpdate Response message, where the message may carry at least one of: the dual steer policy for UE1 and UE2 (the policy may be encapsulated in a UE policy container) , the state of UE2, the access type of UE2 (e.g., 5G NR of 3GPP, NTN, or NPN) , the address of the PCF. UE1 (and / or UE2) may establish / create / update dual steer session (s) (such as Packet Data Unit (PDU) sessions) based on rules and traffic descriptors outlined in the dual steer policy. The dual steer policy may set forth a set of guidelines or instructions that dictate when and how these sessions should be initiated or modified to optimize network performance and / or meet specific dual steer requirements.
[0113] Step 23: If the address (or identifier) of the PCF is not carried in the Namf_Communication_UEBindingUpdate Response Message in step 22, the AMF1 may select a PCF instance based on at least one of: a dual steer capability of UE1 and / or UE2; a range that SUPI1 belongs to; a range that SUPI2 belongs to; results from a discovery procedure with NRF. The discovery procedure may use at least one of following as input: the dual steer capability of UE1 and / or UE2, SUPI1, or SUPI2.
[0114] If the address (or identifier) of the PCF is provided in step 22, then step 23 may be skipped.
[0115] Step 24: In this step, UE and Access and Mobility Management (AM) policy is managed with respect to dual steer. AMF1 may invoke AM / UE policy association create procedure, or AM / UE policy association update procedure, to create or update UE / AM policy with PCF.
[0116] Note: If UE2 is not registered, then steps 23 and 24 are required. Otherwise, steps 23 and / or 24 may be skipped.
[0117] Step 25: AMF1 may allocate a 5G-GUTI2 for UE1 (a new GUTI to replace 5G-GUTI1) , and returns a Registration Accept message to UE1. The message may carry the newly allocated 5G-GUTI2. The message may further carry dual steer related context information with respect to UE2, for example, SUPI2 (which is the SUPI of the companion UE) ; UE2 state; or UE2 access type. As described earlier, access type may include: a 3GPP NR access type; an NTN access type; an NPN; a private access type, and the like.
[0118] The message may further carry the dual steer policy for UE1 (and UE2) by using, for example, a UE policy container.
[0119] Note: If the application layer operates / triggers the dual steer (or the dual steer is initiated from application layer) , the Registration Accept message may only need to carry the 5G-GUTI2 assigned to UE1.
[0120] Step 26: After receiving the Registration Accept message, UE1 may store the received parameters, such as dual steer related context information (e.g., SUPI2, UE2 state, UE2 access type) . UE1 may also store the newly allocated 5G-GUTI2, to replace 5G-GUTI1.
[0121] UE 1 may then return Registration Complete messages to the AMF1.
[0122] From this point, UE1 and UE2 can perform some dual steer operation (e.g. steer or switch) on the uplink / downlink data flow based on the dual steer policy for UE1 and UE2, and dual steer related context information in the subsequent procedure. For example, UE1 may steer downlink traffic for a video stream to UE2; or UE2 may steer uplink traffic to UE1.
[0123] In this disclosure, there are two wireless devices (e.g., UE1 and UE2) having a dual steer relationship. In some example implementations, UE2 has already registered with the network (which may be the same, or different from the network UE1 is going to register with) . When UE1 initiates a registration request, dual steer related context information relates to UE1, such as SUPI1, UE1 state, UE1 access type, UE1 dual steer capability, may be forwarded to UE2. At the end of the registration, UE1 will also receive dual steer related context information relates to UE2, such as SUPI2, UE2 state, UE2 access type, UE2 dual steer capability, etc. Additionally, in the registration process, a dual steer policy, which may be part of the UE policy, may be distributed to both UE1 and UE2. The dual steer policy defines rules for UEs to steer downlink and / or uplink traffic. For example, based on the dual steer policy, UE1 may steer certain downlink traffic (e.g., associated with a QoS flow, a Packet Data Unit (PDU) session, etc. ) to UE2, and UE2 may steer certain uplink traffic to UE1.
[0124] During the registration process, AMF1, which serves UE1, may retrieve information of AMF2 (e.g., identifier or address of AMF2) that serves UE2. Various methods are provided, such that various sources may be used. For example, AMF1 may acquire AMF2 from an old AMF which previously served UE1, before UE1 moves to AMF1. AMF1 may also acquire AMF2 information from the UDM. Further, AMF1 may subscribe to UDM to get notified in case AMF2 is updated.
[0125] In this disclosure, the AMF (AMF1 and AMF2) may act as a bridge to pass UE information to each other. For example, AMF1 may pass UE1 information to AMF2, and AMF2 may relay the UE1 information to UE2. Meanwhile, AMF2, with the knowledge of UE1 information, may request PCF to update the dual steer policy, and distribute the updated dual steer policy to UE2, as well as UE1 (via AMF1) .
[0126] It is noted that in this disclosure, some steps described in an embodiment may be optional, while some steps provide alternative, parallel solution to other steps. For example, AMF1 may acquire dual steer related context information (e.g., SUPI2, UE2 state, UE2 access type, AMF2 address / identifier) from various steps, such as step 4, 17a, 17b, or step 22. In this case, for example, steps 4, 17a, 17b, and 22 may provide parallel solutions, one or more steps from them may be include in a method according to the embodiment. When there are parallel solutions, not all solutions need to be included in an implementation.
[0127] An exemplary method according to embodiments in this disclosure may include a portion or all of the following steps: step 1: receiving, from a first wireless device, a first message a registration request with a first wireless network, wherein: the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with a second wireless device, and the first wireless device and the second wireless device share a same set of subscription data; the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by a first SUPI and a second SUPI, respectively; the first message carrying at least one of: a first 5G 5G-GUTI of the first wireless device; a Subscriber Concealed Identifier (SUCI) of the first wireless device; a first indication that the first wireless device is dual steer capable; or a second indication that the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with the second wireless device; step 2: obtaining at least a subset of first context information for the first wireless device, the first context information comprising at least one of: the second SUPI; an identifier or an address of a second core network element serving the second wireless device; an access type of the second wireless device; or a state of the second wireless device.
[0128] In any portion or combination of the implementations above, each of the first core network element and the second core network element comprises an AMF.
[0129] In any portion or combination of the implementations above, an access type of a wireless device comprises at least one of: a 3GPP NR access type; a Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) access type; or a Non-Public Networks (NPN) access type.
[0130] In any portion or combination of the implementations above, a state of a wireless device comprises at least one of: a connected state; an idle state; an inactive state; a power off state; a power on state; an in coverage area state; or an out of coverage area state.
[0131] In any portion or combination of the implementations above, the method may further include: determining, based on the first 5G-GUTI of the first wireless device, an old core network element that served the first wireless device previously before the first wireless device switches to the first core network element; and obtaining the at least the subset of the first context information comprises receiving the at least the subset of the first context information from the old core network element.
[0132] Note that the term “at least a subset of first context information” may represent a subset of (i.e., a portion of) first context information, or the complete (whole set of) first context information.
[0133] Note that in this disclosure, context information may be received as a whole in one step, or context information may be received in multiple steps (i.e., some parameters received in one step, whereas other parameters received in other steps) . Not all steps all mandatory, as far as complete dual steer context information has been received (e.g., by AMF and / or UE) .
[0134] In this disclosure, message types and / or message names (e.g., as shown in FIGs. 9A-9B) are for exemplary purpose only. Different message types and / or message names may be chosen in implementation, and should still be covered by this disclosure, as far as the underlying principle is the same, for example, if the messages are used for a same purpose.
[0135] In this disclosure, a single message may be split into multiple sub-messages. Multiple messages may also be combined and sent in one message.
[0136] In this disclosure, a single information element in a message may be split into multiple information elements. Multiple information element may also be combined into a single information element.
[0137] In this disclosure, the steps in each embodiment are for illustration purposes only and other alternatives may be derived based on the disclosed embodiments as desired. For example, only part of the steps may need to be performed. For another example, the sequence of the steps may be adjusted. For another example, several steps may be combined (e.g., several messages may be combined in one message) . For another example, a single step may be split (e.g., one message may be sent via two sub-messages) . For another example, based on practical need, the embodiment described in this disclosure may be split to form a sub-embodiment, therefore, not all steps in an embodiment are required.
[0138] The accompanying drawings and description above provide specific example embodiments and implementations. The described subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any example embodiments set forth herein. A reasonably broad scope for claimed or covered subject matter is intended. Among other things, for example, subject matter may be embodied as methods, devices, components, systems, or non-transitory computer-readable media for storing computer codes. Accordingly, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware, storage media or any combination thereof. For example, the method embodiments described above may be implemented by components, devices, or systems including memory and processors by executing computer codes stored in the memory.
[0139] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of example embodiments in whole or in part.
[0140] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a, ” “an, ” or “the, ” may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0141] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are included in any single implementation thereof. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout the specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
[0142] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution.
Claims
1.A method for wireless communication, performed by a first core network element, the method comprising:receiving, from a first wireless device, a first message for a registration request with a first wireless network, wherein:the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with a second wireless device, and the first wireless device and the second wireless device share a same set of subscription data;the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a second SUPI, respectively;the first message carries at least one of:a first 5G Global Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) of the first wireless device;a Subscriber Concealed Identifier (SUCI) of the first wireless device;a dual steer capability of the first wireless device;a first indication that the first wireless device is dual steer capable; ora second indication that the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with the second wireless device; andobtaining at least a subset of first context information for the first wireless device, the first context information comprising at least one of:the second SUPI;an identifier or an address of a second core network element serving the second wireless device;an access type of the second wireless device; ora state of the second wireless device.2.The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first core network element and the second core network element comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) .3.The method of claim 1, wherein the access type of the second wireless device comprises at least one of:a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) access type;a Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) access type; ora Non-Public Networks (NPN) access type.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the state of the second wireless device comprises at least one of: a connected state; an idle state; an inactive state; a power off state; a power on state; an in coverage area state; or an out of coverage area state.5.The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein:the method further comprises determining, based on the first 5G-GUTI of the first wireless device, an old core network element that served the first wireless device previously before the first wireless device switches to the first core network element; andobtaining the at least the subset of the first context information comprises receiving the at least the subset of the first context information from the old core network element.6.The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the at least the subset of the first context information comprises:transmitting, to the old core network element, a second message the at least the subset of the first context information; andreceiving, from the old core network element, a third message carrying the at least the subset of the first context information.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the second message comprises an Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer message, and wherein the third message comprises an Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer response message.8.The method of claim 5, further comprising:initiating an authentication request with the first wireless device based at least in part on an AMF key of the first core network element (Kamf1) , wherein the Kamf1 is derived based on at least one of: the first SUPI, or the second SUPI.9.The method of claim 8, wherein, when the second wireless device is registered with a second wireless network, the Kamf1 is derived based on a concatenation of the first SUPI and the second SUPI, and wherein the second wireless network is the same as the first wireless network or the second wireless network is different from the first wireless network.10.The method of claim 5, further comprising:initiating a security mode command procedure with the first wireless device based at least in part on an AMF key of the first core network element (Kamf1) wherein, when the second wireless device is registered with a second wireless network, the Kamf1 of the is derived based on a concatenation of the first SUPI and the second SUPI, and wherein the second wireless network is the same as the first wireless network or the second wireless network is different from the first wireless network.11.The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein obtaining the at least the subset of the first context information comprises:transmitting a fourth message to a Unified Data Management (UDM) ; andreceiving, from the UDM, a fifth message as a response to the fourth message, the fifth message carrying the at least the subset of the first context information.12.The method of claim 11, wherein:the fourth message comprises an Nudm_UECM_Registration message, and the fifth message comprise a response to the Nudm_UECM_Registration message; orthe fourth message comprises an Nudm_SDM_Get message, and the fifth message comprise a response to the Nudm_SDM_Get message.13.The method of claim 11, wherein, when the second wireless device is registered with a second wireless network, the at least the subset of the first context information comprises the identifier or the address of the second core network element serving the second wireless device, and wherein the second wireless network is the same as the first wireless network or the second wireless network is different from the first wireless network.14.The method of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising transmitting, to the second core network element, a sixth message comprising second context information for the second wireless device, the second context information comprising at least one of:the first SUPI;the second SUPI;an identifier or an address of the first core network element;an access type of the first wireless device; ora state of the first wireless device.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the second core network element based on the identifier or the address of the second core network element.16.The method of claim 14, wherein obtaining the at least the subset of first context information for the first wireless device comprises receiving, from the second core network element, a seventh message as a response to the sixth message, the seventh message comprising the at least the subset of the first context information.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the seventh message further comprises at least one of:an identifier or an address of a Policy Control Function (PCF) providing policy rule to the first wireless device; ora UE policy applies to a dual steer feature of the first wireless device.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the UE policy is shared by the first wireless device and the second wireless device.19.The method of claim 17, further comprising transmitting, to the first wireless device, an eighth message as a response to the first message to accept the registration request, the eighth message carrying at least one of:the at least the subset of the first context information;a second 5G-GUTI allocated to the first wireless device; orthe UE policy.20.The method of claim 17, further comprising:determining the PCF using one of following manners:determining the PCF based on the identifier or the address of the PCF carried in the seventh message; ordetermining the PCF based on at least one of: a dual steer capability of UE1; a dual steer capability of UE2; a range that SUPI1 belongs to; a range that SUPI2 belongs to; or a query result based on a discovery procedure with a Network Repository Function (NRF) ; andinvoking a UE and Access and Mobility Management (AM) policy association create procedure, or a UE / AM policy update procedure, to create or update the UE policy applies to the dual steer feature of the first wireless device.21.The method of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising transmitting, to the first wireless device, a ninth message carrying the at least the subset of the first context information.22.A method for wireless communication, performed by a first core network element serving a first wireless device, the method comprising:receiving, from a second core network element serving a second wireless device, a first message comprising at least one of: a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of the first wireless device; or context information for the first wireless device, wherein:the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with the second wireless device;the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by the first SUPI and a second SUPI, respectively;the context information comprises at least one of:the second SUPI;an identifier or an address of the second core network element;an access type of the first wireless device;a dual steer capability of the first wireless device; ora state of the first wireless device.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device share a same set of subscription data.24.The method of claim 22, wherein each of the first core network element and the second core network element comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) .25.The method of claim 22, wherein the access type of the second wireless device comprises at least one of:a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) access type;a Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) access type; ora Non-Public Networks (NPN) access type.26.The method of claim 22, wherein the state of the second wireless device comprises at least one of: a connected state; an idle state; an inactive state; a power off state; a power one state; or an out of coverage area state.27.The method of any one of claims 22-26, further comprising:transmitting, to a Policy Control Function (PCF) , a second message to request updating a dual steer policy which applies to at least one of: the first wireless device; or the second wireless device, the second message comprising at least one of:an indication indicating that the first wireless device is dual steer capable;an indication indicating that the second wireless device is dual steer capable;the first wireless device having a dual steer relationship with the second wireless device; orthe first wireless device sharing a same set of subscription data with the second wireless device; andreceiving, from the PCF, a response to the second message comprising an updated dual steer policy updated by the PCF based on the second message.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the second message comprises a UE Policy Update Request message.29.The method of claim 27, further comprising:in response to the first wireless device being in an idle state, transmitting a paging message to the first wireless device.30.The method of claim 27, further comprising:in response to the first wireless device being in a connected state, transmitting a third message to the first wireless device, the third message comprising at least one of:the updated dual steer policy;the second SUPI;a state of the second wireless device; oran access type of the second wireless device.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the third message comprises a Downlink (DL) Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message.32.The method of claim 31, further comprising receiving a response to the third message, the response comprising an Uplink (UL) NAS message.33.The method of claim 27, further comprising transmitting, to the second core network element, a fourth message as a response to the first message, the fourth message comprising at least one of:the updated dual steer policy;a state of the first wireless device;an access type of the first wireless device;a dual steer capability of the first wireless device;an identifier of the PCF; oran address of the PCF.34.A method for wireless communication, performed by a first wireless device, the method comprising:transmitting, to a first core network element, a first message for a registration request with a first wireless network, wherein:the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with a second wireless device served by a second core network element, and the first wireless device and the second wireless device share a same set of subscription data;the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a second SUPI, respectively;the first message carrying at least one of:a first 5G Global Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) of the first wireless device;a Subscriber Concealed Identifier (SUCI) of the first wireless device;a first indication indicating that the first wireless device is dual steer capable; ora second indication indicating that the first wireless device has a dual steer relationship with the second wireless device.35.The method of claim 34, wherein each of the first core network element and the second core network element comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) .36.The method of any one of claims 34-35, further comprising:performing an authentication procedure with the first core network element based at least in part on an AMF key of the first core network element (Kamf1) , wherein the Kamf1 is derived based on at least one of: the first SUPI, or the second SUPI.37.The method of claim 36, wherein, when the second wireless device is registered with a second wireless network, the Kamf1 is derived based on a concatenation of the first SUPI and the second SUPI, and wherein the second wireless network is the same as the first wireless network or the second wireless network is different from the first wireless network.38.The method of any one of claims 34-35, further comprising receiving, from the first core network element, a second message as a response to the first message to accept the registration request, the second message carrying at least one of:a context information for the first wireless device, the context information comprising at least one of:the second SUPI;an identifier or an address of the second core network element;an access type of the second wireless device; ora state of the second wireless device;a second 5G-GUTI allocated to the first wireless device to replace the first 5G-GUTI; ora UE policy applies to a dual steer feature of the first wireless device.39.The method of claim 38, wherein the access type of the second wireless device comprises at least one of:a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) access type;a Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) access type; ora Non-Public Networks (NPN) access type.40.The method of claim 38, wherein the state of the second wireless device comprises at least one of: a connected state; an idle state; or an inactive state; a power off state; a power on state; an in coverage area state; or an out of coverage area state.41.The method of any one of claims 38, further comprising:performing downlink reception or uplink transmission based on the UE policy.42.A method for wireless communication, performed by a first wireless device, the method comprising receiving a first message from a first core network element, wherein:the first wireless device has a dual-steer relationship with a second wireless device served by a second core network element;the first wireless device and the second wireless device are identified by a first Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a second SUPI, respectively; andthe first message carrying at least one of:a 5G Global Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) of the second wireless device;an access type of the second wireless device;a state of the second wireless device; ora dual steer policy which applies to the first wireless device and the second wireless device.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device share a same set of subscription data.44.The method of claim 42, wherein each of the first core network element and the second core network element comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) .45.The method of claim 42, wherein the access type of the second wireless device comprises at least one of:a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) access type;a Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) access type; ora Non-Public Networks (NPN) access type.46.The method of claim 42, wherein the state of the second wireless device comprises at least one of: a connected state; an idle state; an inactive state; a power off state; a power on state; or an out of coverage area state.47.The method of any one of claims 42-46, wherein the first message comprises a a Downlink (DL) Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message.48.The method of any one of claims 42-46, further comprising:transmitting, to the first core network element, a response message to the first message, wherein the response message comprises an Uplink (UL) NAS message.49.The method of any one of claims 42-46, further comprising:performing downlink reception or uplink transmission based on the dual steer policy.50.A device comprising a memory for storing computer instructions and a processor in communication with the memory, wherein the processor, when executing the computer instructions, is configured to implement a method in any one of claims 1-49.51.A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable program medium with computer code stored thereupon, the computer code, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to implement a method of any one of claims 1-49.
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