Devices and methods for target identification and report
The proposed solution for target identification and reporting in ISAC systems addresses inefficiencies by using event triggers and network logical functions, enhancing efficiency and reliability in applications like smart transportation and autonomous driving.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/075011
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems face challenges in identifying and reporting targets effectively, which affects their efficiency and reliability in applications like smart transportation and autonomous driving.
A solution is proposed where a first communication device receives a sensing request with an event trigger from a second communication device, enabling the identification and reporting of a target through a sensing service, with new parameters and a network logical function assigned to manage this process, reducing unnecessary data transmission.
This approach enhances target identification and reporting in ISAC systems, improving efficiency and reliability by optimizing data transmission and distribution of functionality across network nodes.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024075011_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR TARGET IDENTIFICATION AND REPORT
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for performing a target identification and report process.BACKGROUND
[0003] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) involves the simultaneous use of radio frequency (RF) signals for both sensing and communication purposes. This integration can lead to improved spectrum efficiency, reduced latency, and enhanced reliability in various applications.
[0004] In an ISAC system, hardware components (like antennas, transceivers, etc. ) may be shared for both sensing and communication tasks. This can reduce the size, weight, and power consumption of the system, making it more suitable for applications like wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, autonomous vehicles, and more.
[0005] The sensing function in an ISAC system may involve various types of sensors, including radar, lidar, cameras, and others, to detect and measure physical properties of the environment. The communication function may involve transmitting and receiving data, enabling the system to interact with other devices or systems.SUMMARY
[0006] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.
[0007] In a first aspect, there is provided a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: receive, from a second communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0008] In a second aspect, there is provided a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0009] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first communication device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0010] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second communication device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0011] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the third, or fourth aspect.
[0012] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0014] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment of an ISAC architecture in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication environment of an ISAC architecture in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrate schematic diagrams of example sensing modes in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 4A illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 4B illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 4C illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 4D illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 4E illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 4F illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 5A illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 5B illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 5C illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 5D illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 5E illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 5F illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 6A illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 6B illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 6C illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 7 illustrates a signaling flow of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0036] FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0037] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0039] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0040] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0041] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0042] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0043] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0044] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0045] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0046] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0047] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0048] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0049] As used herein, the term “3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) sensing data” may refer to data derived from 3GPP radio signals that are impacted (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) by an object or environment of interest for sensing purposes, and optionally processed within the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) system.
[0050] As used herein, the term “5G Wireless sensing” may refer to 5G System (5GS) feature providing capabilities to get information about characteristics of an environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distances or relative motion between objects, etc. ) using New Radio (NR) radio frequency signals, which, in some cases, can be extended by information created via previously specified functionalities in Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and / or Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) .
[0051] As used herein, the term “non-3GPP sensing data” may refer to data provided by non-3GPP sensors (e.g., video, LiDAR, sonar) about an object or environment of interest for sensing purposes.
[0052] The term “sensing assistance information” may refer to information that is provided to 5G system and can be used to derive sensing result, which may be, for example, map information, area information, a user equipment (UE) Identity (ID) attached to or in the proximity of the sensing target, UE position information, UE velocity information etc.
[0053] The term “sensing contextual information” may refer to information that is exposed with the sensing results by 5G system to a trusted third party which provides context to the conditions under which the sensing results were derived, which may be, for example, map information, area information, time of capture, UE location and ID. The sensing contextual information can be required in scenarios where the sensing result is to be combined with data from other sources outside the 5GS.
[0054] The term “sensing group” may refer to a set of sensing transmitters and sensing receivers whose locations are known and whose sensing data can be collected synchronously.
[0055] The term “sensing transmitter” may be the entity that sends out the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A Sensing transmitter is an NR RAN node or a UE. A Sensing transmitter can be located in the same or different entity as the Sensing receiver.
[0056] The term “sensing receiver” may be an entity that receives the sensing signal which the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing receiver is an NR RAN node or a UE. A Sensing receiver can be located in the same or different entity as the Sensing transmitter.
[0057] The term “sensing signals” may refer to transmissions on the 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes.
[0058] The term “sensing result” may refer to processed 3GPP sensing data requested by a service consumer.
[0059] The term “target sensing service area” may refer to a cartesian location area that needs to be sensed by deriving characteristics of an environment and / or objects within the environment with certain sensing service quality from the impacted (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) 3GPP radio signals. This includes both indoor and outdoor environments.
[0060] As used herein, a sensing function (SF) device is a device having a core network function to trigger sensing, collect sensing result / report, and expose the sensing result / report to the 3rd party which is in or out of 3GPP scope.
[0061] As used herein, a sensing management function (SEMF) device is a device having a new RAN function between sensing function device and a network device to manage the sensing operation, including selecting a suitable network device, relaying the sensing request from the sensing function device to the network device, relaying the sensing result / report from the network device to the sensing function device.
[0062] As discussed above, ISAC is considered as a promising topic for future wireless network extension. According to the requirements of ISAC communication / sensing, how to identify and report a target in the network need to be resolved.
[0063] To solve the above and / or other potential issues, embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution related to identifying and reporting the target in an ISAC architecture.
[0064] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0065] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment of an ISAC architecture 100A in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication environment of the ISAC architecture 100A shows a transportation scenario where sensing technologies are needed.
[0066] As illustrated, to support smart transportation and / or autonomous driving, at least one network device 120, at least one terminal device 110, and vehicles 104-1, 104-2 are equipped with sensing technologies, to sense the traffic conditions. Accurate sensing results are important to enable the safe and reliable control of the vehicles and to avoid accidents in the environment. The network device 120, the terminal device110, and / or vehicles 104-1, 104-2 may transmit signals for sensing certain objects in the environment. The network device 120, terminal device 110, and / or vehicles 104-1, 104-2 may collect measurement results of the sensing signals for use in the smart transportation and / or autonomous driving.
[0067] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 and the terminal device 110 are in a radio access network (RAN) . The terminal device 110 may communicate with the network device 120. The network device 120 may communicatively connect with a sensing management function device 130 (also referred to as SEMF device 130 for purpose of discussion) . The SEMF device 130 may be for example implemented at an Operation Administration and Maintenance (OAM) device or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node.
[0068] It is to be noted that the OAM device or the AMF node is just one option as the SEMF device 130. In another option, the SEMF device 130 may be implemented as a node or device with a new function. In the following embodiments, OAM is indicative while SEMF can replace OAM as another option in the cases, although SEMF is not indicative in the embodiments.
[0069] The sensing management function device 130 may be connected to a sensing function (SF) device 140 in a core network (CN) 106. The CN 106 may further connect with one or more third-party applications 108. The third-party applications 108 may include one or more applications which support the smart transportation and / or autonomous driving, such as the map service provider, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) management platform, and the like. In some example embodiments, the vehicles 104-1, 104-2 may comprise communication devices which communicatively connect to the network device 120 or directly communicate with the third-party applications 108.
[0070] In the sensing scenario of smart transportation, the purposes of the sensing may include, but are not limited to, dynamic map (large area) for automatic driving, assisted driving, and road management based on the dynamic map; vehicle trajectory tracking; illegal driving (e.g. occupying the emergency lane, speeding) .
[0071] In addition to the smart transportation, there are many other sensing scenarios, such as unmanned aerial vehicle and indoor health. In the sensing scenario of unmanned aerial vehicle, the purposes of the sensing may include, but are not limited to, dynamic map (large area) such as automatic driving, assisted driving, route management based on a dynamic map; UAV trajectory tracking; space intrusion, route correction (such as UAV driving out of the air route, speeding, entering the no-fly zone) ; dynamic map (UE centered) : autonomous flying, assisted flying, and the like. In the sensing scenario of indoor health, the purposes of the sensing may include, but are not limited to, abnormal behavior detection (e.g., fall, sedentary, abnormal posture) ; detection of body indicators (e.g. respiration, heartbeat) ; smart control (control of the home based on human position and behavior, such as turning on lights) .
[0072] As shown in FIG. 1A, the network device 120 may communicate with the sensing function device 140 via the sensing management function device 130, and may perform sensing service (s) or inform other devices to perform sensing service (s) . In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may obtain a sensing result, for example, based on the measurement result (s) of sensing signal (s) and provide it to the sensing management function device 130. In some alternative example embodiments, the network device 120 may receive the sensing result from a sensing receiver, e.g., another network device or a terminal device, and provide it to the sensing management function device 130.
[0073] The sensing management function device 130 may provide the sensing result to the sensing function device 140. The sensing result may be used for various purposes depending on the actual use cases. For example, in the use cases of smart transportation and / or autonomous driving, the sensing result may be used to provide driving warning or assistant driving information to the vehicles.
[0074] The sensing management function device 130 may be any suitable types of devices which can transmit a sensing request from the sensing function device 140 and provide the sensing result to the sensing function device 140. In some examples, the sensing management function device 130 may include or be implemented as a CN function or entity in the CN or an OAM device. Although the term “sensing management function device” is used herein, it may be interchangeably used with any other terms.
[0075] The sensing function device 140 may be any suitable types of devices which can receive the sensing result. In some examples, the sensing function device 140 may include or be implemented as a CN function or entity in the CN or a network device in the RAN. Although the term “sensing function device” is used herein, it may be interchangeably used with any other terms.
[0076] The signal transmitted for sensing (sometimes referred to as “sensing signal” ) may include any suitable types of signals, including but not limited to, Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) , Channel-State-Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) , DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) , Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) , communication signal such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal, specific sensing signal (s) , or any other signal.
[0077] A measurement result of a sensing signal for sensing may include the final sensing result such as the target distance, speed, dynamic maps, Reference Signal Received Power (RSPR) , Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) , channel information etc., intermediate results such as point cloud information based on the sensing measurement, preliminary results such as delay spread spectrum, Doppler spectrum and other information, and / or raw measurements of the signal such as the in-phase / quadrature (I / Q) stream, or the like. The type of the measurement result may be flexibly configured for different use cases.
[0078] A sensing result may include any desired information that can be derived from the measurement result (s) of the sensing signal (s) . As some examples, the sensing result may include a distance of a target, a size of the target, a velocity of the target, a position of the target, a moving direction of the target, a surrounding environment of the target, real-time map, or the like.
[0079] The communications in the communication environment of the ISAC architecture 100A may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0080] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1A are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment of the ISAC architecture 100A may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the network device may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the terminal device may be other device than a terminal device, such as a positioning reference unit (PRU) .
[0081] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment of an ISAC architecture 100B in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The ISAC architecture 100B involves a first communication device 150 and a second communication device 160. In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 may be, for example, a SEMF device 130, a network device 120, a terminal device 110 or another network device. The second communication device 160 may be, for example, a SF device 140, a SEMF device 130 or a network device 120. In the ISAC architecture 100B, the first communication device 150 and the second communication device 160 may communicate with each other. As shown, a communication path may be set up between the first communication device 150 and the second communication device 160.
[0082] Specifically, in some implementations, the first communication device 150 may be implemented as the SEMF device 130 and the second communication device 160 may be implemented the SF device 140. In some further implementations, the first communication device 150 may be implemented as the network device 120 and the second communication device 160 may be implemented as the SEMF device 130. Furthermore, in some other implementations, the first communication device 150 may be implemented as the terminal device 110 or another network device and the second communication device 160 may be implemented as the network device 120.
[0083] There are generally two types of sensing modes defined based on Tx / Rx node of sensing signal, namely, monostatic and bi-static. These types of sensing modes include 6 specific modes, namely, Sensing Mode 1 which is a gNB mono-static sensing, Sensing Mode 2 which is gNB-to-UE bi-static sensing, Sensing Mode 3 which is gNB-to-gNB bi-static sensing, Sensing Mode 4 which is UE mono-static sensing, Sensing Mode 5 which is UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing, and Sensing Mode 6 which is UE-to-UE bi-static sensing.
[0084] FIG. 2 illustrates schematic diagrams of six example sensing modes in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, in Sensing Mode 1, as indicated by 201, a sensing signal for sensing a target 230 is transmitted by a network device 210 and received or measured by the network device 210 itself. In Sensing Mode 2, as indicated by 202, a sensing signal for sensing the target 230 is transmitted by the network device 210 and received or measured by a terminal device 220. In Sensing Mode 3, as indicated by 203, a sensing signal for sensing the target 230 is transmitted by the network device 210 and received or measured by another network device 212.
[0085] In Sensing Mode 4, as indicated by 204, a sensing signal for sensing the target 230 is transmitted by the terminal device 220 and received or measured by the network device 210. In Sensing Mode 5, as indicated by 205, a sensing signal for sensing the target 230 is transmitted by the terminal device 220 and received or measured by the terminal device 220 itself. In Sensing Mode 6, as indicated by 206, a sensing signal for sensing the target 230 is transmitted by the terminal device 220 and received or measured by another terminal device 222.
[0086] It would be appreciated that the sensing modes illustrated in FIG. 2 are examples only and there may be many other sensing modes. It would be appreciated that more than one communication device may be involved in a sensing service. It can be seen from the sensing modes in FIG. 2 that there may be various combinations of the devices which are to measure a sensing signal.
[0087] As discussed above, ISAC is considered as a promising topic for future wireless network extension, which involves the simultaneous use of RF signals for both sensing and communication purposes. To identify and report a target in an ISAC architecture, according to example embodiments of the present disclosure, a SF device sends a target feature and an event trigger to a SEMF device. A node is selected to identify a target based on a sensing result and the target feature. The node generates a target identification report based on the event trigger and the target identification report is sent to SF device. In such way, new parameters of the target feature and the event trigger are added in the sensing request and a new network logical function for identifying and report the target can be in the SEMF device , a network device or other nodes assigned by the a network device, which reduces unnecessary data transmission and can distribute functionality to other nodes.
[0088] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B, for example, the first communication device 150 and the second communication device 160 in the ISAC architecture 100B.
[0089] In the signaling flow 300, the second communication device 160 transmits (302) a first sensing request for a sensing service to the first communication device 150. The first sensing request includes an event trigger, which indicates a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device 160 in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0090] Additionally, in some embodiments, the first sensing request may further comprise sensing feature information about the target. The sensing feature information may include, for example, but not limited to, a size of the target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, and / or material characteristics of the target.
[0091] Additionally, or alternatively, in some embodiments, the first sensing request may further comprise a set of service parameters of the sensing service. The set of service parameters may include, for example, but not limited to environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, and / or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. The time requirement (for example, a Quality of Service (QoS) parameter for sensing report timer) may be added in the sensing parameter, to guarantee that when a target appears, the target is sensed and a sensing report is sent in time.
[0092] The first communication device 150 receives (304) the sensing request (e.g., the first sensing request) from the second communication device 160. In some cases where the first communication device 150 is the SEMF device 130 and the second communication device 160 is the SF device 140, the SEMF device 130 receives the sensing request from SF device 140. Alternatively, in some cases where the SEMF device 130 transmits the sensing request to the network device 120, the network device 120 acting as the first communication device 150 receives the sensing request from the second communication device 160, in this case, SEMF device 130. As a further alternative, the network device 120 may transmit the sensing request to the terminal device 110 or another network device. In such case, the terminal device 110 (or another network device) acts as the first communication device 150 and receives the sensing request from the second communication device 160, that is, the network device 130.
[0093] In some embodiments, after receiving (304) the first sensing request, the first communication device 150 may transmit (306) an acknowledge message (also referred to as a first acknowledge message for purpose of discussion) corresponding to the first sensing request 305 to the second communication device 160. The first acknowledge message 310 also referred to as a sensing request ACK for further discussion. Upon receiving (308) the first acknowledge message, the second communication device 160 will know that that the first communication device 150 has already received the first sensing request.
[0094] In some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may then determine (310) whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information. The sensing information may indicate at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. In response to determining that the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, the first communication device 150 may transmit (312) a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed to the second communication device 160.
[0095] In some embodiments, the sensing report may include various information, for example, but not limited to, sensing information, target information, and / or the like. The sensing information may indicate at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The target information may include at least one sensed feature of the target, for example, the size of the target, the material of the target, the shape of the target, and / or the like.
[0096] In some embodiments, after receiving (314) the sensing report, the second communication device 160 may transmit (316) a second acknowledge message corresponding to the sensing report to the first communication device 150. The second acknowledge message 310 also referred to as a sensing report ACK for further discussion. Upon receiving (318) the second acknowledge message, the first communication device 150 will know that that the second communication device 160 has already received the sensing report.
[0097] In some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may comprise the SEMF device 130, and the second communication device 160 may comprise the SF device 140. Whether the target is sensed may be determined at the SEMF device 130. In this case, the SEMF device 130 may transmit a second sensing request to a network device supporting the sensing service, to cause a sensing signal to be transmitted for the sensing service. The network device may be selected from a plurality of candidate network devices, and the network device is capable of performing the sensing service based on the set of service parameters. For example, the network device may be the network device 120 in FIG. 1A. In this case, the SEMF device 130 may have the knowledge of location information and / or capability information of each candidate network device.
[0098] The sensing signal may be transmitted by a network device, e.g., the network device 120, or a terminal device, e.g., the terminal device 110, which acts as a sensing transmitter. Sensing information of the sensing signal may be obtained by a sensing receiver, which may be a terminal device or a network device, depending on different sensing modes. In some embodiments, the network device 110 may act as the sensing receiver or may receive the sensing information from the sensing receiver. For example, if the first communication device 150 is the SEMF device 130, it may receive the sensing information from the network device 110 (the second communication device 160 in this case) .
[0099] More details related to the above sensing scenarios will be discussed with respect to FIGS. 4A-4F, in which a target is identified in the SEMF device with the 6 sensing modes described in FIG. 2.
[0100] FIG. 4A illustrates a signaling flow of 400A of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 4A are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a SEMF device with a gNB mono-static sensing mode (i.e. the Sensing Mode 1 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400A will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the network device 120 and the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. In some descriptions, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0101] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 411 to the sensing management function device 130, as shown in FIG. 4A. The sensing request 411 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0102] After receiving the sensing request 411, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request acknowledgment (ACK) 412 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 411.
[0103] The sensing management function device 130 may be pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 413 to the network device 120. The sensing request 413 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140.
[0104] To fulfill the received sensing request, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with mono-static sensing by itself (i.e. the Sensing Mode 1 in FIG. 2) . The network device 120 may perform the sensing in mono-static mode according to the service parameters in the sensing request 413. After receiving the reflected sensing signal, the network device 120 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The network device 120 then sends a sensing response 414 to the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing response 414 may include the sensing information.
[0105] After receiving the sensing response 414 from the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130 may determine whether the target is sensed based on the sensing features. When the target is identified, the sensing management function device 130 generates a sensing report 415 indicating that the target is sensed and sends the sensing report 415 to the sensing function device 140. The sensing report 415 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, speed or direction of the target.
[0106] The sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 416 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 415.
[0107] FIG. 4B illustrates a signaling flow of 400B of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 4B are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a SEMF device with a UE mono-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 4 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400B will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the terminal device 110, the network device 120 and the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 is sometimes discussed with the example of a UE, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0108] In the signaling flow 400B, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 421 to the sensing management function device 130, as shown in FIG. 4B. The sensing request 421 may include one or more service parameters, which may be for example, but not limited to, a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service and / or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0109] After receiving the sensing request 421, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 422 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 421.
[0110] The sensing management function device 130 may be pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send a sensing request 423 to the network device 120. The sensing request 423 may include similar information as the sensing request 421. For instance, the sensing request 423 may include the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, and / or the like.
[0111] In some cases, the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled with the mono-static sensing by the network device 120 itself. To fulfill the received sensing request 423, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with mono-static sensing by a terminal device, which is under coverage of the network device 120.
[0112] Still referring to the signaling flow 400B, the network device 120 sends a sensing request 424 to a selected terminal device 110. The sensing request 424 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of:the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for mono-static UE sensing. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing configuration, such as the RF frequency, power etc., to the selected terminal device 110.
[0113] After receiving the sensing request 424, the selected terminal device 110 may perform the sensing in mono-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 424 from the network device 120.
[0114] After receiving the reflected sensing signal, the selected terminal device 110 generates sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The selected terminal device 110 sends a sensing response 425 to the network device 120, and the sensing response 425 may include the sensing information.
[0115] Upon receipt of the sensing response 425 from the selected terminal device 110, the network device 120 sends a sensing response 426 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing response 426 may include the sensing information received from the selected terminal device 110.
[0116] After receiving the sensing response 426 from the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130 may determine whether the target is identified based on the sensing features. When the target is identified, the sensing management function device 130 generates a sensing report 427 indicating that the target has been sensed and sends the sensing report 427 to the sensing function device 140. The sensing report 427 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, speed or direction of the target.
[0117] The sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 428 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 427.
[0118] In addition, the embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 4B are also applicable to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a SEMF device with gNB-to-UE bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 2 in FIG. 2) .
[0119] In this sensing scenario, after receiving the sensing request 423, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which a terminal device, which is under coverage of the network device 120, acts as a sensing receiver and the network device 120 itself acts as a sensing transmitter, in order to fulfill the received sensing request. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0120] The network device 120 then sends a sensing request 424 to the selected terminal device 110, and the sensing request 424 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprises at least one of the environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or the indication for bi-static sensing via the terminal device 110 as the receiver and the network device 120 as the transmitter. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing transmitter RF information, such as, the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the terminal device 110.
[0121] The network device 120 sends sensing signal to the terminal device 110. The terminal device 110 may perform the sensing as the sensing receiver in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 424 from network device 120. After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the network device 120, the terminal device 110 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, etc. The selected terminal device 110 sends a sensing response 425 to the network device 120, and the sensing response 425 may include the sensing information.
[0122] The network device 120 then receives the sensing response 425 from the selected terminal device 110, and sends a sensing response 426 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing response 426 may include the sensing information received from the selected terminal device 110.
[0123] After receiving the sensing response 426 from the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130 may identify the target based on the sensing features and generate a sensing report 427 indicating the target has been sensed or identified, and sends the sensing report 427 to the sensing function device 140. The sensing report 427 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, speed or direction of the target.
[0124] The sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 428 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 427.
[0125] FIG. 4C illustrates a signaling flow of 400C of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 4C are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a SEMF device with a gNB-to-gNB bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 3 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400C will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The network devices 401 and 402 are examples of the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. In some descriptions, the network devices 401 and 402 are sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device. In this case, the network device 401 may act as a sensing transmitter and the network device 402 may act as a sensing receiver.
[0126] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 431 to the sensing management function device 130, as shown in FIG. 4C. The sensing request 431 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0127] After receiving the sensing request 431, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 432 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 431.
[0128] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a first network device 401 that covers the area and send the sensing request 433 to the first network device 401. The sensing request 433 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140.
[0129] To fulfill the received sensing request, the first network device 401 may select the sensing mode with Bi-static sensing in which another network device (i.e. the second network device 402) acts as a sensing receiver and the first network device 401 itself acts as a sensing transmitter. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0130] The first network device 401 sends a sensing request 434 to the second network device 402. The sensing request 434 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprises at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing in which the second network device 402 acts as the sensing receiver and the first network device 401 acts as the sensing transmitter. The first network device 401 may indicate sensing transmitter RF information, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the second network device 402. The first network device 401 may send a sensing signal to the second network device 402.
[0131] After receiving the sensing request 434, the second network device 402 may perform the sensing as the sensing receiver in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 434 from the first network device 401. After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the first network device 401, the second network device 402 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service.
[0132] The second network device 402 sends a sensing response 435 including the sensing information to the first network device 401. The first network device 401 receives the sensing response 435 from the second network device 402, and sends a sensing response 436 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing response 436 may include the sensing information received from the second network device 402.
[0133] After receiving the sensing response 436 from the first network device 401, the sensing management function device 130 may determine whether the target is identified or sensed based on the sensing features. When the target is sensed, the sensing management function device 130 generates a sensing report 437 indicating that that the target has been sensed and sends the sensing report 437 to the sensing function device 140. The sensing report 437 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0134] The sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 438 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 437.
[0135] FIG. 4D illustrates a signaling flow of 400D of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 4D are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a SEMF device with a gNB-to-gNB bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 3 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400D will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The network devices 401 and 402 are examples of the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. In some descriptions, the network devices 401 and 402 are sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device. In this case, the network device 401 may act as a sensing receiver and the network device 402 may act as a sensing transmitter.
[0136] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 441 to the sensing management function device 130, as shown in FIG. 4D. The sensing request 441 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0137] After receiving the sensing request 441, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 442 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 441.
[0138] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select the first network device 401 that covers the area and send the sensing request 443 to the first network device 401. The sensing request 443 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140.
[0139] The first network device 401 sends a sensing request 444 to the second network device 402. The sensing request 444 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprises at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing in which the first network device 401 acts as the sensing receiver and the second network device 402 acts as the sensing transmitter. The first network device 401 may indicate sensing transmitter RF information, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the second network device 402.
[0140] After receiving the sensing request 444, the second network device 402 sends, to the first network device 401, a sensing request ACK 445 to acknowledge as the sensing transmitter. The second network device 402 may send sensing signal in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 444 from the first network device 401.
[0141] After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the second network device 402, the first network device 401 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The first network device 401 sends a sensing response 446 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing response 446 may include the sensing information from the second network device 402.
[0142] After receiving the sensing response 446 from the first network device 401, the sensing management function device 130 may determine whether the target is identified or sensed based on the sensing features and may generate a sensing report 447 in the case that the target is sensed. Then the sensing management function device 130 may send the sensing report 447 to the sensing function device 140. The sensing report 447 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0143] The sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 448 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 447.
[0144] FIG. 4E illustrates a signaling flow of 400E of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 4E are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a SEMF device with a UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 5 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400E will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the terminal device 110, the network device 120 and the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. In some descriptions, the terminal device 110 is sometimes discussed with the example of a UE, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0145] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 451 to the sensing management function device 130, as shown in FIG. 4E. The sensing request 451 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0146] After receiving the sensing request 451, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 452 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 451.
[0147] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 453 to the network device 120. The sensing request 453 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140.
[0148] To fulfill the received sensing request 453, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing, in which the network device 120 itself acts as a sensing receiver and a terminal device 110 acts as a sensing transmitter. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled with the gNB mono-static sensing by the network device 120 itself.
[0149] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 454 to a terminal device 110. The sensing request 454 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for the UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing, in which the network device 120 itself acts as the sensing receiver and the terminal device 110 acts as the sensing transmitter. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, power, waveform etc., to the terminal device 110. The network device 120 may wait for receiving sensing signal from the terminal device 110.
[0150] After receiving the sensing request 454, the terminal device 110 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing ACK 455 to confirm as the sensing transmitter. The terminal device 110 then may send the sensing signal as the sensing transmitter in the UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 454 from the network device 120.
[0151] After receiving the sensing signal from the terminal device 110, the network device 120 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The network device 120 sends a sensing response 456 including the sensing information to the sensing management function device 130.
[0152] After receiving the sensing response 456 from the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130 may determine whether the target is identified or sensed based on the sensing features. When the target is identified, the sensing management function device 130 may generate a sensing report 457 indicating that the target has been sensed and send the sensing report 457 to the sensing function device 140. The sensing report 457 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, speed or direction of the target.
[0153] The sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 458 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 457.
[0154] FIG. 4F illustrates a signaling flow of 400F of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 4F are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a SEMF device with a UE-to-UE bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 6 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400F will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the network device 120 and the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The sensing receiver 403 and the sending transmitter 404 are examples of the terminal device 110. In some descriptions, the sensing receiver 403 and the sensing transmitter 404 are sometimes discussed with the example of a UE, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0155] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 461 to the sensing management function device 130, as shown in FIG. 4F. The sensing request 461 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0156] After receiving the sensing request 461, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 462 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 461.
[0157] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 463 to the network device 120. The sensing request 463 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140.
[0158] To fulfill the received sensing request 463, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which a terminal device (i.e. the sensing transmitter 404) acts as a transmitter and another terminal device (i.e. the sensing receiver 403) as a receiver. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled with the other sensing modes.
[0159] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 464 to the sensing transmitter 404. The sensing request 464 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing, in which the sensing transmitter 404 acts as a transmitter. The network device 120 may further indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, power, waveform etc., to the sensing transmitter 404.
[0160] After receiving the sensing request 464, the sensing transmitter 404 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing ACK 465 to confirm as the sensing transmitter. The sensing transmitter 404 then may send sensing signal as the transmitter in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 464 from the network device 120.
[0161] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 466 to the sensing receiver 403. The sensing request 466 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing, in which the sensing receiver 403 acts as a receiver. The network device 120 may further indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the sensing receiver 403.
[0162] After receiving the sensing request 466, the sensing receiver 403 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The sensing receiver 403 sends a sensing response 467 to the network device 120, and the sensing response 467 may include the sensing information.
[0163] The network device 120 then receives the sensing response 467 from the sensing receiver 403, and send a sensing response 468 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing response 468 may include the sensing information from the sensing receiver 403.
[0164] After receiving the sensing response 468 from the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130 may determine whether the target is sensed based on the sensing features. If yes, the sensing management function device 130 generates a sensing report 469 indicating that the target is sensed, and sends the sensing report 469 to the sensing function device 140. The sensing report 469 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, speed or direction of the target.
[0165] The sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 470 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 469.
[0166] More details related to further sensing scenarios will be discussed with respect to FIGS. 5A-5F, in which a target is identified in a network device with the 6 sensing modes described in FIG. 2.
[0167] For the purposes of discussion, some further embodiments will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 1A-1B, for example, the first communication device 150 and the second communication device 160 in the ISAC architecture 100B. In some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may comprise a network device 120, and the second communication device 160 may comprise a sensing management function device 130. In this case, the first communication device may transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service and obtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.
[0168] Referring to FIG. 5A for further discussion, FIG. 5A illustrates a signaling flow of 500A of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a network device 120 with a gNB mono-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 1 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 500A will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the network device 120 and the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. In some descriptions, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0169] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 511 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 511 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0170] After receiving the sensing request 511, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 512 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 511.
[0171] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 513 to the network device 120. The sensing request 513 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 511 may be included in the sensing request 513 from the sensing management function device 130 to the network device 120.
[0172] After receiving the sensing request 513, the network device 120 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 514 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 513.
[0173] To fulfill the received sensing request 513, the network device 120 selects a sensing mode with mono-static sensing by itself. The network device 120 performs the sensing in mono-static mode according to the service parameters in the sensing request 513. After receiving the reflected sensing signal, the network device 120 generates sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. Based on the sensing target features, the network device 120 may determine whether the target can be identified from the sensing information. If yes, the network device 120 may send a sensing report 515 indicating that the target is sensed to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing report 515 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0174] After receiving the sensing report 515, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing report ACK 516 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 515.
[0175] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 517 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 517 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the network device 120, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0176] After receiving the sensing report 517, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 518 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 515.
[0177] In some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may comprise a network device 120, and the second communication device 160 may comprise a sensing management function device 130. In this case, the first communication device may transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and receive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal. For example, the sensing response may be received from a terminal device 110 (for example in the case where the terminal device 110 acts as a sensing receiver) , or may be received from another network device (for example in the case where the other network device acts as a sensing receiver) .
[0178] Reference is made to FIG. 5B, which illustrates a signaling flow of 500B of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a network device 120 with a gNB-to-UE bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 2 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 500B will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the terminal device 110, the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. In some descriptions, the terminal device 110 is sometimes discussed with the example of UE, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0179] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 521 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 521 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0180] After receiving the sensing request 521, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 522 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 521.
[0181] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 523 to the network device 120. The sensing request 523 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 521 may be included in the sensing request 523 from the sensing management function device 130 to the network device 120.
[0182] After receiving the sensing request 523, the network device 120 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 524 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 523.
[0183] In this sensing scenario, after receiving the sensing request 523, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which a terminal device, which is under coverage of the network device 120, acts as a sensing receiver and the network device 120 itself acts as a sensing transmitter, in order to fulfill the received sensing request. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0184] The network device 120 then sends a sensing request 525 to the selected terminal device 110. The sensing request 525 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprises at least one of the environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or the indication for bi-static sensing via the terminal device 110 as the receiver and the network device 120 as the transmitter. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing transmitter RF information, such as, the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the terminal device 110.
[0185] As the sensing transmitter, the network device 120 sends a sensing signal to the terminal device 110. The terminal device 110 may perform the sensing as the sensing receiver in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 525 from the network device 120. After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the network device 120, the terminal device 110 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, etc. The selected terminal device 110 sends a sensing response 526 including the sensing information to the network device 120.
[0186] The network device 120 may determine whether the target can be identified from the sensing information. If the target is identified in the sensing information based on the sensing target features, the network device 120 may send a sensing report 527 indicating that the target is sensed to the sensing management function device 130. In some embodiments, the sensing report 527 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0187] After receiving the sensing report 527, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing report ACK 528 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 527.
[0188] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 529 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 529 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the terminal device 110, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0189] After receiving the sensing report 529, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 530 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 529.
[0190] In addition, FIG. 5C illustrates a signaling flow of 500C of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 5C are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a network device 501 with a gNB-to-gNB bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 3 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 500C will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The first network device 501 and the second network device 502 are examples of the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. In some descriptions, the first network device 501 and the second network device 502 are sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device. In this case, the network device 501 may act as a sensing receiver and the second network device 502 may act as a sensing transmitter.
[0191] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 531 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 531 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0192] After receiving the sensing request 531, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 532 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 531.
[0193] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may a first network device 501 that covers the area and send the sensing request 533 to the first network device 501. The sensing request 533 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 531 may be included in the sensing request 533 from the sensing management function device 130 to the first network device 501.
[0194] After receiving the sensing request 533, the first network device 501 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 534 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 533.
[0195] In this sensing scenario, after receiving the sensing request 533, the first network device 501 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which the first network device 501 itself acts as a sensing transmitter and another terminal device acts as a sensing receiver, in order to fulfill the received sensing request. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0196] The first network device 501 sends a sensing request 535 to the second network device 502. The sensing request 535 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprises at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing in which the first network device 501 acts as the sensing transmitter and the second network device 502 acts as the sensing receiver. The first network device 501 may indicate sensing transmitter RF information, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the second network device 502.
[0197] After receiving the sensing request 535, the second network device 502 may perform the sensing as the sensing receiver in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 535 from the first network device 501. After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the first network device 501, the second network device 502 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, etc. The second network device 502 sends a sensing response 536 to the first network device 501, and the sensing response 536 may include the sensing information.
[0198] With the sensing information, the first network device 501 may determine whether the target is identified or sensed based on the sensing target features. If the target is identified, the first network device 501 may send a sensing report 537 indicating that the target is sensed to the sensing management function device 130. In some embodiments, the sensing report 537 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0199] After receiving the sensing report 537, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the first network device 501, a sensing report ACK 538 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 537.
[0200] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 539 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 539 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the second network device 502, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0201] After receiving the sensing report 539, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 530 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 539.
[0202] In some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may comprise a network device 120, and the second communication device 160 may comprise a sensing management function device 130. In this case, the first communication device 150 may transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service. Then, the first communication device 150 may obtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.
[0203] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may transmit a third sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing transmitter and receive a sensing acknowledgement from the sensing transmitter. The sensing acknowledgement indicates that the sensing transmitter confirms to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service. In some embodiments, the third sensing request may comprise at least one of: sensing mode information of the sensing service, a set of service parameters of the sensing service, or a sensing configuration for the sensing service. For example, the sensing information may be obtained by the first communication device 150 itself, and the sensing transmitter may be a terminal device or another network device.
[0204] FIG. 5D shows the case in which sensing information is obtained by the first communication device 150 itself, and the sensing transmitter is another network device. FIG. 5D illustrates a signaling flow 500D of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 5D are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a first network device 501 with a gNB-to-gNB bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 3 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 500D will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The first network device 501 and the second network device 502 are examples of the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. In some descriptions, the first network device 501 and the second network device 502 are sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device. In this case, the first network device 501 may act as a sensing receiver and the second network device 502 may act as a sensing transmitter.
[0205] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 541 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 531 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0206] After receiving the sensing request 541, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 542 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 541.
[0207] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a first network device 501 that covers the area and send the sensing request 543 to the first network device 501. The sensing request 543 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 541 may be included in the sensing request 543 from the sensing management function device 130 to the first network device 501.
[0208] After receiving the sensing request 543, the first network device 501 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 544 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 533.
[0209] The first network device 501 sends a sensing request 545 to the second network device 502. The sensing request 545 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprises at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing in which the first network device 501 acts as the sensing receiver and the second network device 502 acts as the sensing transmitter. The first network device 501 may indicate sensing transmitter RF information, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the second network device 502.
[0210] After receiving the sensing request 545, the second network device 502 send a sensing request ACK 546 to the first network device 501 to acknowledge as the sensing transmitter. The second network device 502 may send sensing signal in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 545 from the first network device 501.
[0211] After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the second network device 502, the first network device 501 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, etc. If determine that the target is identified from the sensing information based on the sensing target features, the first network device 501 may send a sensing report 547 indicating that the target has been sensed to the sensing management function device 130. In some embodiments, the sensing report 547 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0212] After receiving the sensing report 547, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the first network device 501, a sensing report ACK 548 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 547.
[0213] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 549 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 549 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the second network device 502, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0214] After receiving the sensing report 549, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 540 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 549.
[0215] In addition, FIG. 5E shows the case in which sensing information is obtained by the first communication device 150 itself, and the sensing transmitter is a terminal device. FIG. 5E illustrates a signaling flow of 500E of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 5E are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a network device with a UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 5 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 500E will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the terminal device 110, the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. In some descriptions, the terminal device 110 is sometimes discussed with the example of a UE, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0216] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 551 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 551 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0217] After receiving the sensing request 551, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 552 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 551.
[0218] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 553 to the network device 120. The sensing request 553 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 551 may be included in the sensing request 553 from the sensing management function device 130 to the network device 120.
[0219] After receiving the sensing request 553, the network device 120 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 554 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 553.
[0220] In this sensing scenario, after receiving the sensing request 553, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which a terminal device, which is under coverage of the network device 120, acts as a sensing transmitter and the network device 120 itself acts as a sensing receiver, in order to fulfill the received sensing request. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0221] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 555 to a terminal device 110. The sensing request 555 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for the UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing, in which the network device 120 itself acts as the sensing receiver and the terminal device 110 acts as the sensing transmitter. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, power, waveform etc., to the terminal device 110. The network device 120 may wait for receiving sensing signal from the terminal device 110.
[0222] After receiving the sensing request 555, the terminal device 110 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing ACK 556 to confirm as the sensing transmitter. The terminal device 110 then may send the sensing signal as the sensing transmitter in the UE-to-gNB bi-static sensing according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 454 from the network device 120.
[0223] After receiving the sensing signal from the terminal device 110, the network device 120 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service.
[0224] The network device 120 may determine whether the target is identified in the sensing information based on the sensing target features. If yes, the network device 120 may send a sensing report 557 indicating that the target has been sensed to the sensing management function device 130. In some embodiments, the sensing report 557 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0225] After receiving the sensing report 557, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing report ACK 558 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 557.
[0226] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 559 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 559 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the terminal device 110, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0227] After receiving the sensing report 559, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 560 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 559.
[0228] In some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may comprise a network device 120, and the second communication device 160 may comprise a sensing management function device 130. In this case, the first communication device 150 may transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service. Then, the first communication device 150 may receive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver.
[0229] Alternatively, in some other cases, the first communication device 150 may transmit a third sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing transmitter and receive a sensing acknowledgement from the sensing transmitter, the sensing acknowledgement indicating that the sensing transmitter confirms to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service. In some embodiments, the first communication device 150 may transmit a fourth sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing receiver, and receive a second sensing response from the sensing receiver.
[0230] The second sensing response may include the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the third sensing request may comprise at least one of: sensing mode information of the sensing service, a set of service parameters of the sensing service, or a sensing configuration for the sensing service. For example, the sensing transmitter and / or the sensing receiver may be a same terminal device or different terminal devices.
[0231] Referring again to FIG. 5B, the embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 5B are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a network device with a UE mono-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 4 in FIG. 2) . Steps 521-524 are the same as described above.
[0232] After receiving the sensing request 523, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with mono-static sensing by UE, in order to fulfill the received sensing request. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0233] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 525 to a selected terminal device 110. The sensing request 525 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for mono-static UE sensing. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing configuration, such as the RF frequency, power etc., to the selected terminal device 110.
[0234] After receiving the sensing request 525, the selected terminal device 110 may perform the sensing in mono-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 525 from network device 120.
[0235] After receiving the reflected sensing signal, the selected terminal device 110 generates sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The selected terminal device 110 sends a sensing response 526 to the network device 120, and the sensing response 526 may include the sensing information.
[0236] If a target is identified in the sensing information based on the sensing target features, the network device 120 may send a sensing report 527 to the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing report 527 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0237] The steps 528-530 are the same as described above, which will not be repeated herein.
[0238] In addition, FIG. 5F shows the case in which the sensing receiver may be a same terminal device or different terminal devices. FIG. 5F illustrates a signaling flow of 500F of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 5F are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a network device with a UE-to-UE bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 6 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 500F will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The sensing receiver 503 and the sending transmitter 504 are examples of the terminal device 110. In some descriptions, the sensing receiver 503 and the sensing transmitter 504 are sometimes discussed with the example of a UE, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0239] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 561 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 561 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0240] After receiving the sensing request 561, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 562 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 561.
[0241] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 563 to the network device 120. The sensing request 563 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 561 may be included in the sensing request 563 from the sensing management function device 130 to the network device 120.
[0242] After receiving the sensing request 563, the network device 120 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 564 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 563.
[0243] In this sensing scenario, after receiving the sensing request 563, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which a terminal device (i.e. the sensing transmitter 504) acts as a transmitter and another terminal device (i.e. the sensing receiver 503) as a receiver. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by other sensing modes.
[0244] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 565 to the sensing transmitter 504. The sensing request 565 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing, in which the sensing transmitter 404 acts as a transmitter. The network device 120 may further indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, power, waveform etc., to the sensing transmitter 504.
[0245] After receiving the sensing request 565, the sensing transmitter 504 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing ACK 566 to confirm as the sensing transmitter. The sensing transmitter 504 then may send sensing signal as the transmitter in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 565 from the network device 120.
[0246] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 567 to the sensing receiver 503. The sensing request 567 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing, in which the sensing receiver 503 acts as a receiver. The network device 120 may further indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the sensing receiver 503.
[0247] After receiving the sensing request 567, the sensing receiver 503 may generate sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The sensing receiver 503 sends a sensing response 568 to the network device 120, and the sensing response 568 may include the sensing information.
[0248] The network device 120 receives a sensing response 568 from the sensing receiver 503, and determines whether the target is sensed or identified. If yes, the network device 120 may send a sensing report 569 indicating that the target has been sensed to the sensing management function device 130. In some embodiments, the sensing report 569 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0249] After receiving the sensing report 569, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing report ACK 570 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 569.
[0250] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 571 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 571 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the terminal device 110, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0251] After receiving the sensing report 571, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 572 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 571.
[0252] According to the example embodiments described in FIGS. 5A-5F, a target is identified in a network device with 6 sensing modes described in FIG. 2.
[0253] More details related to further sensing scenarios will be discussed with respect to FIGS. 6A-6C, in which a target is identified in a network device with the 6 sensing modes described in FIG. 2. For the purposes of discussion, some further embodiments will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 1A-1B, for example, the first communication device 150 and the second communication device 160 in the ISAC architecture 100B.
[0254] In some embodiments, the first communication device may comprise a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device may comprise a second network device. In this case, the first communication device 150 may obtain the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service received from a sensing transmitter. In some further cases, the first communication device 150 may act as a sensing receiver and receive a fourth sensing request from the second communication device. The fourth sensing request may comprise at least one of sensing mode information of the sensing service, a set of service parameters of the sensing service, or a sensing configuration for the sensing service. The sensing mode information may indicate at least one of a sensing mode, a sensing transmitter, and a sensing receiver. The set of service parameters may comprise at least one of: environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or a time requirement for reporting the target is sense. In some embodiments, the time requirement may be 1s or 100ms.
[0255] Referring to FIG. 6A for further discussion, FIG. 6A illustrates a signaling flow of 600A of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a terminal device with a UE mono-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 4 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 600A will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the terminal device 110, the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. In some descriptions, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device. For example, the terminal device 110 may be used as both a sensing receiver and sensing transmitter or may be used as only a sensing receiver.
[0256] The case is discussed first that the terminal device 110 may be used as both a sensing receiver and sensing transmitter. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6A, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 611 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 611 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0257] After receiving the sensing request 611, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 612 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 611.
[0258] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 613 to the network device 120. The sensing request 613 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140.
[0259] To fulfill the received sensing request 613, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with mono-static sensing by a terminal device, which is under coverage of the network device 120. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled with the mono-static sensing by the network device 120 itself.
[0260] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 615 to a selected terminal device 110. The sensing request 615 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for mono-static UE sensing. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing configuration, such as the RF frequency, power etc., to the selected terminal device 110. The sensing feature and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 613 may be included in the sensing request 615 from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110.
[0261] After receiving the sensing request 615, the terminal device 110 sends sensing request ACK 616 to the selected network device 120 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 615. The selected terminal device 110 then may perform the sensing in mono-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 615 from network device 120.
[0262] After receiving the reflected sensing signal, the terminal device 110 generates sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The terminal device 110 may determine whether the target is sensed or identified based on the sensing information as well as the sensing target features. If yes, the terminal device 110 may send a sensing report 617 indicating that the target is sensed to the network device 120. The sensing response 617 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, speed or direction of the target.
[0263] After receiving the sensing report 617, the network device 120 sends a sensing report ACK 618 to the terminal device 110 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 617. The network device 120 then send a sensing report 619 to the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing report 619 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the terminal device 110.
[0264] After receiving the sensing report 619, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing report ACK 620 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 619.
[0265] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 701 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 701 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the terminal device 110, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0266] After receiving the sensing report 701, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 702 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 701.
[0267] The following embodiments are directed to the case that the terminal device 110 is used as only a sensing receiver. Referring to FIG. 6A again, the steps 611-614 are performed as described above. In this sensing scenario, after receiving the sensing request 613, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which a terminal device, which is under coverage of the network device 120, acts as a sensing receiver and the network device 120 itself acts as a sensing transmitter, in order to fulfill the received sensing request. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0268] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 615 to a selected terminal device 110. The sensing request 615 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for mono-static UE sensing. The network device 120 may indicate the sensing configuration, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the selected terminal device 110. The sensing feature and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 613 may be included in the sensing request 615 from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110.
[0269] The network device 120 sends sensing signal to the terminal device 110. After receiving the sensing request 615, the terminal device 110 sends sensing request ACK 616 to the selected network device 120 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 615. The selected terminal device 110 then may perform the sensing as a sensing receiver in mono-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 615 from network device 120.
[0270] After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the network device 120, the terminal device 110 generates sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. The terminal device 110 may determine whether the target is sensed or identified based on the sensing information as well as the sensing target features. If yes, the terminal device 110 may send a sensing report 617 indicating that the target is sensed to the network device 120. The sensing response 617 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, speed or direction of the target.
[0271] The following steps 618-702 are performed as described above, which will not be repeated herein.
[0272] FIG. 6B shows the case in which a terminal device acts as a sensing transmitter and another terminal device acts as a sensing receiver. FIG. 6B illustrates a signaling flow of 600B of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 6B are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in a sensing receiver with a UE-to-UE bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 6 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 600B will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the network device 120, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The sensing receiver 601 and the sending transmitter 602 are examples of the terminal device 110. In some descriptions, the sensing receiver 601 and the sensing transmitter 602 are sometimes discussed with the example of a UE, the network device 120 is sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device.
[0273] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 621 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 621 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0274] After receiving the sensing request 621, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 622 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 621.
[0275] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a network device 120 that covers the area and send the sensing request 563 to the network device 120. The sensing request 623 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 621 may be included in the sensing request 623 from the sensing management function device 130 to the network device 120.
[0276] After receiving the sensing request 623, the network device 120 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 624 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 623.
[0277] In this sensing scenario, after receiving the sensing request 623, the network device 120 may select a sensing mode with bi-static sensing, in which a terminal device (i.e. the sensing transmitter 602) acts as a transmitter and another terminal device (i.e. the sensing receiver 601) as a receiver. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by other sensing modes.
[0278] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 625 to the sensing transmitter 602. The sensing request 625 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing, in which the sensing transmitter 602 acts as a transmitter. The network device 120 may further indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, power, waveform etc., to the sensing transmitter 602.
[0279] After receiving the sensing request 625, the sensing transmitter 504 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing ACK 626 to confirm as the sensing transmitter. The sensing transmitter 602 then may send sensing signal as the transmitter in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 625 from the network device 120.
[0280] The network device 120 sends a sensing request 627 to the sensing receiver 601. The sensing request 627 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprise at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing, in which the sensing receiver 601 acts as a receiver. The network device 120 may further indicate the sensing transmitter RF configuration, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the sensing receiver 601. The sensing feature and event trigger that are received in the sensing request 623 may be included in the sensing request 625.
[0281] After receiving the sensing signal from the sensing transmitter 602, the sensing receiver 601 generates the sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. If a target is identified from the sensing information based on the sensing target features, the sensing receiver 601 may send a sensing report 629 to the network device 120. The sensing report 629 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target. After receiving the sensing report 629, the network device 120 sends, to the sensing transmitter 602, a sensing report ACK 630 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 629.
[0282] The network device 120 then send a sensing report 703 to the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing report 703 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0283] After receiving the sensing report 703, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the network device 120, a sensing report ACK 704 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 703.
[0284] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 705 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 705 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the terminal device 110, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0285] After receiving the sensing report 705, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 706 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 705.
[0286] FIG. 6C shows the case in which another network device acts as a sensing receiver. FIG. 6C illustrates a signaling flow of 600C of a target identification and report process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments shown with respect to FIG. 6C are related to a sensing scenario that a target is identified in another network device with a gNB-to-gNB bi-static sensing (i.e. the Sensing Mode 3 in FIG. 2) . For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 600C will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A, for example, the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing function device 140 in the ISAC architecture 100A. The first network device 603 and the second network device 604 are examples of the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1A. In some descriptions, the first network device 603 and the second network device 604 are sometimes discussed with the example of gNB, the sensing management function device 130 is sometimes discussed with the example of a SEMF device or an OAM device, and the sensing function device 140 is sometimes discussed as a SF device. In this case, the first network device 603 may act as a sensing transmitter and the second network device 604 may act as a sensing receiver.
[0287] In some embodiments, the sensing function device 140 sends a sensing request 631 to the sensing management function device 130. The sensing request 631 may include service parameters, which may be at least one of: a location related to a sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed. Sensing feature information and an event trigger may be added as the service parameters. The sensing feature information may be at least one of a size of a target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target. The event trigger may indicate that if the target is sensed, a sensing report should be sent with target information.
[0288] After receiving the sensing request 631, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the sensing function device 140, a sensing request ACK 632 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 541.
[0289] The sensing management function device 130 has been pre-configured by the operator with network device coverage information. According to the location or area scope related to the sensing service, the sensing management function device 130 may select a first network device 603 that covers the area and send the sensing request 633 to the first network device 603. The sensing request 633 may include as least one of the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service or the altitude of the location from the sensing function device 140. The sensing feature information and the event trigger that received in the sensing request 631 may be included in the sensing request 633 from the sensing management function device 130 to the first network device 603.
[0290] After receiving the sensing request 633, the first network device 603 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing request ACK 634 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 633.
[0291] To fulfill the received sensing request 633, the first network device 603 selects a sensing mode with bi-static sensing in which another gNB (the second network device 604) acts as a sensing receiver and the first network device 603 itself acts as the sensing transmitter. A condition for this case may be that the accuracy requirement cannot be fulfilled by the gNB mono-static sensing.
[0292] The first network device 603 sends a sensing request 635 to the second network device 604. The sensing request 635 may include the service parameters from the sensing function device 140, which may comprises at least one of: the location related to the sensing service, the area scope related to the sensing service, the altitude of the location, the accuracy of the sensing service, or an indication for bi-static sensing in which the first network device 603 acts as the sensing transmitter and the second network device 604 acts as the sensing receiver. The first network device 603 may indicate sensing transmitter RF information, such as the RF frequency, waveform etc., to the second network device 604. The sensing feature and event trigger that are received in the sensing request 633 may be included in the sensing request 635.
[0293] The first network device 603 sends sensing signal to the second network device 604. The second network device 604 sends a sensing request ACK 636 to the first network device 603 to acknowledge receiving the sensing request 635.
[0294] The second network device 604 performs the sensing as the sensing receiver in bi-static mode according to the service parameters and configuration in the sensing request 635 from the first network device 603. After receiving the reflected sensing signal from the first network device 603, the second network device 604 generates the sensing information, which may include at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service.
[0295] The second network device 604 may determine whether the target is sensed or identified from the sensing information. If a target is identified, the second network device 604 sends a sensing report 637 indicating that the target is sensed to the first network device 603. The sensing report 637 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target. After receiving the sensing report 637, the first network device 603 sends, to the second network device 603, a sensing report ACK 638 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 637.
[0296] The first network device 603 then send a sensing report 639 to the sensing management function device 130, and the sensing report 630 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0297] After receiving the sensing report 639, the sensing management function device 130 sends, to the first network device 603, a sensing report ACK 640 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 639.
[0298] The sensing management function device 130 then sends a sensing report 707 to the sensing function device 140, and the sensing report 707 may include the sensing information of the environment and the target information from the second terminal device 604, such as, the speed or the direction of the target.
[0299] After receiving the sensing report 707, the sensing function device 140 sends, to the sensing management function device 130, a sensing report ACK 708 to acknowledge receiving the sensing report 707.
[0300] In some embodiments, the second communication device 160 may receive a further sensing report indicating that a target has been sensed, and generate a sensing result by combining the sensing report and the further sensing report. In such a way, in case that there are multi-static sensing transmitters (e.g. a plurality of network devices) and a single node sensing receiver (e.g. a terminal device ) , the single terminal device may send a plurality of reports to the sensing function device 140 and the sensing function device 140 may fuse the reports and generate the final report.
[0301] According to the example embodiments described in FIGS. 6A-6C, a target is identified in a sensing receiver with different sensing modes described in FIG. 2.
[0302] More details related to report channel and feedback enhancement will be discussed with respect to FIG. 7. In some embodiments, the first communication device may comprise a terminal device or a first network device and the second communication device may comprise a second network device. In this case, the first communication device150 determines whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service. If the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, the first communication device150 may transmit, to a sensing function device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel. In some further embodiments, the data channel may comprise a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) channel and the first sensing request may comprise an IP address and a TCP port of the sensing function device. in some further embodiments, the sensing report may further comprise at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0303] As shown in FIG. 7, the steps 305-315 are same as those described in FIG. 3. the first communication device 150 transmits, to a sensing function device 140, a sensing report 710 indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel. In such way, the sensing report can be sent from the node to the sensing function device via a new channel, e.g. TCP / IP or other packet channel.
[0304] According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, a SF device sends a target feature and an event trigger to a SEMF device. A node is selected to identify a target based on a sensing result and the target feature. The node generates a target identification report based on the event trigger and the target identification report is sent to SF device. In such way, new parameters of the target feature and the event trigger are added in the sensing request and a new network logical function for identifying and report the target may be implemented at the SEMF device 130, the network device 120 or other nodes assigned by the a network device, which reduces unnecessary data transmission and can distribute functionality to other nodes.
[0305] Table 1 shows an example of an impact of embodiments of the present disclosure on TS 23.501.
[0306] Table 1
[0307] Table 2 shows an example of an impact of embodiments of the present disclosure on TS23.502.
[0308] Table 2
[0309] Table 3 shows an example of an impact of embodiments of the present disclosure on New ISAC TS in SA2.
[0310] Table 3
[0311] Table 4 shows an example of an impact of embodiments of the present disclosure on RAN3.
[0312] Table 4
[0313] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 800 implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of a first communication device 150 in FIG. 1B.
[0314] At block 810, the first communication device 150 receives, from a second communication device 160, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0315] In some example embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises sensing feature information about the target, the sensing feature information comprising at least one of: a size of the target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target.
[0316] In some example embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises a set of service parameters of the sensing service, the set of service parameters comprising at least one of: environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.
[0317] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 may further transmit, to the second communication device, a first acknowledge message corresponding to the first sensing request.
[0318] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 may further determine whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service; and in response to determining that the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, transmit, to the second communication device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed.
[0319] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0320] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 may further receive, from the second communication device, a second acknowledge message corresponding to the sensing report.
[0321] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further transmit a second sensing request to a network device supporting the sensing service, to cause a sensing signal to be transmitted for the sensing service.
[0322] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 may further receive, from the network device, sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service.
[0323] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and obtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.
[0324] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and receive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal.
[0325] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and obtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.
[0326] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and receive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver.
[0327] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further transmit a third sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing transmitter; and receive a sensing acknowledgement from the sensing transmitter, the sensing acknowledgement indicating that the sensing transmitter confirms to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service.
[0328] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 may further transmit a fourth sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing receiver; and receive, from the sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver.
[0329] In some example embodiments, the third sensing request comprises at least one of: sensing mode information of the sensing service, a set of service parameters of the sensing service, or a sensing configuration for the sensing service.
[0330] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further obtain the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service received from a sensing transmitter.
[0331] In some example embodiments, the first communication device acts as a sensing receiver, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further receive a fourth sensing request from the second communication device, the fourth sensing request comprising at least one of: sensing mode information of the sensing service, a set of service parameters of the sensing service, or a sensing configuration for the sensing service.
[0332] In some example embodiments, the sensing mode information indicating at least one of a sensing mode, a sensing transmitter, and a sensing receiver.
[0333] In some example embodiments, the set of service parameters comprise at least one of: environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.
[0334] In some example embodiments, the sensing configuration comprises at least one of: a Radio Frequency (RF) frequency of the sensing signal, a power of the sensing signal, or a waveform of sensing signal.
[0335] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, and wherein the first communication device 150 may further determine whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service; and in response to determining that the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, transmit, to a sensing function device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel.
[0336] In some example embodiments, the data channel comprises a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) channel, and wherein the first sensing request comprises an IP address and a TCP port of the sensing function device.
[0337] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0338] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 900 implemented at a second communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of the second communication device 160 in FIG. 1B.
[0339] At block 910, the second communication device 160 transmits, to a first communication device 150, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0340] In some example embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises sensing feature information about the target, the sensing feature information comprising at least one of: a size of the target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target.
[0341] In some example embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises a set of service parameters of the sensing service, the set of service parameters comprising at least one of: environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.
[0342] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 160 may further receive, from the first communication device, a first acknowledge message corresponding to the first sensing request.
[0343] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 160 may further receive, from the first communication device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed.
[0344] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 160 may further transmit, to the first communication device, a second acknowledge message corresponding to the sensing report.
[0345] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0346] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 comprises a sensing management function device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the sensing information is received at the first communication device from a network device supporting the sensing service.
[0347] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from the first communication device, or the sensing information is received at the first communication device from a sensing receiver that obtains the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from the first communication device, or the sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from a sensing transmitter, or the sensing information is received at the first communication device from a sensing receiver that obtains the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from a sensing transmitter.
[0348] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 150 comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device 160 comprises a second network device, and wherein the sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service received from a sensing transmitter.
[0349] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 160 comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the second communication device 150 may further receive, from a terminal device or a network device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel.
[0350] In some example embodiments, the data channel comprises a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) channel, and wherein the first sensing request comprises an IP address and a TCP port of the sensing function device.
[0351] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0352] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 160 may further receive a further sensing report indicating that a target has been sensed; and generate a sensing result by combining the sensing report and the further sensing report.
[0353] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1000 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110, the network device 120 or the sensing management function device 130.
[0354] As shown, the device 1000 includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, a suitable transceiver 1040 coupled to the processor 1010, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1040. The memory 1020 stores at least a part of a program 1030. The transceiver 1040 may be for bidirectional communi cations or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1040 may include at least one of a transmitter 1042 and a receiver 1044. The transmitter 1042 and the receiver 1044 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0355] The program 1030 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1010, enable the device 1000 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1010 of the device 1000, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1010 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1010 and memory 1020 may form processing means 1050 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0356] The memory 1020 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1020 is shown in the device 1000, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1000. The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0357] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first communication device as discussed above.
[0358] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second communication device as discussed above.
[0359] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0360] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication apparatus is provided. The first communication apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0361] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication apparatus is provided. The second communication apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0362] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0363] In an aspect, it is proposed a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: receive, from a second communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0364] In some embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises sensing feature information about the target, the sensing feature information comprising at least one of: a size of the target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target.
[0365] In some embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises a set of service parameters of the sensing service, the set of service parameters comprising at least one of: environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.
[0366] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: transmit, to the second communication device, a first acknowledge message corresponding to the first sensing request.
[0367] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: determine whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service; and in response to determining that the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, transmit, to the second communication device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed.
[0368] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0369] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: receive, from the second communication device, a second acknowledge message corresponding to the sensing report.
[0370] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: transmit a second sensing request to a network device supporting the sensing service, to cause a sensing signal to be transmitted for the sensing service.
[0371] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: receive, from the network device, sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service.
[0372] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and obtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.
[0373] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and receive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal.
[0374] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and obtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.
[0375] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to tran smit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; and receive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver.
[0376] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: transmit a third sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing transmitter; and receive a sensing acknowledgement from the sensing transmitter, the sensing acknowledgement indicating that the sensing transmitter confirms to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service.
[0377] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: transmit a fourth sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing receiver; and receive, from the sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver.
[0378] In some embodiments, the third sensing request comprises at least one of: sensing mode information of the sensing service, a set of service parameters of the sensing service, or a sensing configuration for the sensing service.
[0379] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: obtain the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service received from a sensing transmitter.
[0380] In some embodiments, the first communication device acts as a sensing receiver, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: receive a fourth sensing request from the second communication device, the fourth sensing request comprising at least one of: sensing mode information of the sensing service, a set of service parameters of the sensing service, or a sensing configuration for the sensing service.
[0381] In some embodiments, the sensing mode information indicating at least one of a sensing mode, a sensing transmitter, and a sensing receiver.
[0382] In some embodiments, the set of service parameters comprise at least one of: environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.
[0383] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration comprises at least one of: a Radio Frequency (RF) frequency of the sensing signal, a power of the sensing signal, or a waveform of sensing signal.
[0384] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to: determine whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associ ated with the sensing service; and in response to determining that the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, transmit, to a sensing function device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel.
[0385] In some embodiments, the data channel comprises a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) channel, and wherein the first sensing request comprises an IP address and a TCP port of the sensing function device.
[0386] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0387] In an aspect, it is proposed a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
[0388] In some embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises sensing feature information about the target, the sensing feature information comprising at least one of: a size of the target, a shape of the target, a speed range of the target, or material characteristics of the target.
[0389] In some embodiments, the first sensing request further comprises a set of service parameters of the sensing service, the set of service parameters comprising at least one of: environment information in a location related to the sensing service, an area scope related to the sensing service, an altitude of the location, an accuracy of the sensing service, or a time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.
[0390] In some embodiments, the second communication device 150 may further receive, from the first communication device, a first acknowledge message corresponding to the first sensing request.
[0391] In some embodiments, the second communication device 150 may further receive, from the first communication device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed.
[0392] In some embodiments, the second communication device 150 may further transmit, to the first communication device, a second acknowledge message corresponding to the sensing report.
[0393] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0394] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the sensing information is received at the first communication device from a network device supporting the sensing service.
[0395] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from the first communication device, or the sensing information is received at the first communication device from a sensing receiver that obtains the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from the first communication device, or the sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from a sensing transmitter, or the sensing information is received at the first communication device from a s ensing receiver that obtains the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from a sensing transmitter.
[0396] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, and wherein the sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service received from a sensing transmitter.
[0397] In some embodiments, the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the second communication device 150 may further receive, from a terminal device or a network device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel.
[0398] In some embodiments, the data channel comprises a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) channel, and wherein the first sensing request comprises an IP address and a TCP port of the sensing function device.
[0399] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, or target information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.
[0400] In some embodiments, the second communication device 150 may further receive a further sensing report indicating that a target has been sensed; and generate a sensing result by combining the sensing report and the further sensing report.
[0401] In an aspect, a first communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0402] In an aspect, a second communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0403] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0404] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0405] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0406] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0407] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0408] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0409] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0410] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0411] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0412] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first communication device to:receive, from a second communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the first sensing request further comprises sensing feature information about the target, the sensing feature information comprising at least one of:a size of the target,a shape of the target,a speed range of the target, ormaterial characteristics of the target.3.The device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first sensing request further comprises a set of service parameters of the sensing service, the set of service parameters comprising at least one of:environment information in a location related to the sensing service,an area scope related to the sensing service,an altitude of the location,an accuracy of the sensing service, ora time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.4.The device of claim 1, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit, to the second communication device, a first acknowledge message corresponding to the first sensing request.5.The device of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:determine whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service; andin response to determining that the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, transmit, to the second communication device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed.6.The device of claim 5, wherein the sensing report further comprises at least one of:sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, ortarget information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.7.The device of claim 5, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:receive, from the second communication device, a second acknowledge message corresponding to the sensing report.8.The device of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit a second sensing request to a network device supporting the sensing service, to cause a sensing signal to be transmitted for the sensing service.9.The device of claim 8, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:receive, from the network device, sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service.10.The device of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; andobtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.11.The device of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; andreceive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal.12.The device of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; andobtain the sensing information based on the sensing signal.13.The device of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit a third sensing request to a sensing transmitter, to cause the sensing transmitter to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service; andreceive, from a sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver.14.The device of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit a third sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing transmitter; andreceive a sensing acknowledgement from the sensing transmitter, the sensing acknowledgement indicating that the sensing transmitter confirms to transmit a sensing signal associated with the sensing service.15.The device of claim 14, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit a fourth sensing request about the sensing service to a sensing receiver; andreceive, from the sensing receiver, a second sensing response comprising the sensing information that is obtained based on the sensing signal by the sensing receiver.16.The device of any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the third sensing request comprises at least one of:sensing mode information of the sensing service,a set of service parameters of the sensing service, ora sensing configuration for the sensing service.17.The device of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:obtain the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service received from a sensing transmitter.18.The device of claim 17, wherein the first communication device acts as a sensing receiver, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:receive a fourth sensing request from the second communication device, the fourth sensing request comprising at least one of:sensing mode information of the sensing service,a set of service parameters of the sensing service, ora sensing configuration for the sensing service.19.The device of claim 16 or 18, wherein the sensing mode information indicating at least one of a sensing mode, a sensing transmitter, and a sensing receiver.20.The device of claim 16 or 18, wherein the set of service parameters comprise at least one of:environment information in a location related to the sensing service,an area scope related to the sensing service,an altitude of the location,an accuracy of the sensing service, ora time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.21.The device of claim 16 or 18, wherein the sensing configuration comprises at least one of:a Radio Frequency (RF) frequency of the sensing signal,a power of the sensing signal, ora waveform of sensing signal.22.The device of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, and wherein the first communication device is further caused to:determine whether the target has been sensed based on sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service; andin response to determining that the target has been sensed based on the sensing information, transmit, to a sensing function device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel.23.The device of claim 22, wherein the data channel comprises a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) channel, andwherein the first sensing request comprises an IP address and a TCP port of the sensing function device.24.The device of claim 22, wherein the sensing report further comprises at least one of:sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, ortarget information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.25.A second communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second communication device to:transmit, to a first communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.26.The device of claim 25, wherein the first sensing request further comprises sensing feature information about the target, the sensing feature information comprising at least one of:a size of the target,a shape of the target,a speed range of the target, ormaterial characteristics of the target.27.The device of claim 25 or 26, wherein the first sensing request further comprises a set of service parameters of the sensing service, the set of service parameters comprising at least one of:environment information in a location related to the sensing service,an area scope related to the sensing service,an altitude of the location,an accuracy of the sensing service, ora time requirement for reporting the target is sensed.28.The device of claim 25, wherein the second communication device is further caused to:receive, from the first communication device, a first acknowledge message corresponding to the first sensing request.29.The device of any of claims 25 to 28, wherein the second communication device is further caused to:receive, from the first communication device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed.30.The device of claim 29, wherein the second communication device is further caused to:transmit, to the first communication device, a second acknowledge message corresponding to the sensing report.31.The device of claim 29 or 30, wherein the sensing report further comprises at least one of:sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, ortarget information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.32.The device of claim 31, wherein the first communication device comprises a sensing management function device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, andwherein the sensing information is received at the first communication device from a network device supporting the sensing service.33.The device of claim 31, wherein the first communication device comprises a network device, and the second communication device comprises a sensing management function device, andwhereinthe sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from the first communication device, orthe sensing information is received at the first communication device from a sensing receiver that obtains the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from the first communication device, orthe sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from a sensing transmitter, orthe sensing information is received at the first communication device from a sensing receiver that obtains the sensing information based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service transmitted from a sensing transmitter.34.The device of claim 31, wherein the first communication device comprises a terminal device or a first network device, and the second communication device comprises a second network device, andwherein the sensing information is obtained at the first communication device based on a sensing signal associated with the sensing service received from a sensing transmitter.35.The device of claims 25 to 28, wherein the second communication device comprises a sensing function device, and wherein the second communication device is further caused to:receive, from a terminal device or a network device, a sensing report indicating that the target has been sensed via a data channel.36.The device of claim 35, wherein the data channel comprises a Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) channel, andwherein the first sensing request comprises an IP address and a TCP port of the sensing function device.37.The device of claim 35, wherein the sensing report further comprises at least one of:sensing information indicating at least one of environment information, an area scope or an altitude of a location associated with the sensing service, ortarget information comprising at least one sensed feature of the target.38.The device of any of claims 29 to 37, wherein the second communication device is further caused to:receive a further sensing report indicating that a target has been sensed; andgenerate a sensing result by combining the sensing report and the further sensing report.39.A communication method implemented at a first communication device, comprising:receiving, from a second communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.40.A communication method implemented at a second communication device, comprising:transmitting, to a first communication device, a first sensing request for a sensing service, the first sensing request comprising an event trigger indicating a report is to be transmitted to the second communication device in response to that a target associated with the sensing service is sensed.
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