Systems and methods for capacity expansion of physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission
By configuring resource parameters and applying sequences across PRACH transmission units, the capacity and coverage of PRACH are enhanced, addressing limitations in existing systems to support a larger number of UEs in NTN environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/075085
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
The existing wireless communication systems face challenges in expanding the capacity of physical random access channels (PRACH) due to limited resources and the need to support a larger number of user equipments (UEs), particularly in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) like satellite communication systems, which require enhanced uplink coverage and capacity for diverse UE types including lower-cost devices and wearables.
The proposed solution involves configuring resource parameters and sequence configurations for PRACH transmissions, including orthogonal and non-orthogonal cover codes, to multiplex multiple UEs on the same time-frequency resource, and applying sequences across various units of PRACH transmission to enhance capacity, while addressing timing errors through uplink pre-compensation.
This approach effectively expands PRACH capacity, enabling simultaneous transmission from multiple UEs and improving coverage in power-limited scenarios by optimizing resource allocation and sequence configurations.
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Figure CN2024075085_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CAPACITY EXPANSION OF PHYSICAL RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL (PRACH) TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including but not limited to systems and methods for capacity expansion of a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.BACKGROUND
[0002] The standardization organization Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently in the process of specifying a new Radio Interface called 5G New Radio (5G NR) as well as a Next Generation Packet Core Network (NG-CN or NGC) . The 5G NR will have three main components: a 5G Access Network (5G-AN) , a 5G Core Network (5GC) , and a User Equipment (UE) . In order to facilitate the enablement of different data services and requirements, the elements of the 5GC, also called Network Functions, have been simplified with some of them being software based, and some being hardware based, so that they could be adapted according to need. Communication via satellite is one of the typical scenarios of the non-terrestrial networks in 3GPP standardization.SUMMARY
[0003] The example embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving the issues relating to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, as well as providing additional features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.
[0004] At least one aspect is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium of the following. A wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) may determine (e.g., receive, identify, select, establish) a resource configuration to perform a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission. The resource configuration may comprise at least one of: one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission, or a sequence configuration. The wireless communication device may perform the PRACH transmission according to the resource configuration. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may receive the resource configuration to perform the PRACH transmission from a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station (BS) ) . The one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission may comprise at least one of: a format of the PRACH transmission; a repetition number indicating a plurality of repetitions of the PRACH transmission; a number of time-contiguous symbol groups; a number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit; a number of identical symbols; or a segment length of uplink pre-compensation.
[0005] In some embodiments, the sequence configuration may comprise an indication of at least one of: a sequence type; a sequence length; a sequence number; or a sequence index. The sequence type may include at least one of: an orthogonal cover code or a non-orthogonal cover code. The orthogonal cover code can be based on at least one of: a discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequence, a Walsh sequence, a Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence, or a Hadamard sequence.
[0006] In some embodiments, the sequence length can be determined according to the one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission via at least one of: a length of identity symbols in a symbol group, or a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the number of identical symbols in the symbol group, or the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit, or a repetition number of physical random access channel (PRACH) (e.g., attempt at performing the PRACH or NPRACH transmission / procedure) , or the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit multiplied by the repetition number of PRACH, or the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit divided by a number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, or the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit multiplied by a size of the preamble repetition group and then divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit. The size of the preamble repetition group can be configured by a high layer signaling. The size of the preamble repetition group can be equal to the repetition number of PRACH transmission.
[0007] In some embodiments, the sequence length can be determined according to a first indication configured by high layer signaling. The first indication can be at least one of: a second indication indicating the sequence length; a third indication indicating a size of a preamble repetition group, wherein the sequence length can be determined according to a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the size of the preamble repetition group; a fourth indication indicating a number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the sequence length can be determined according to the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit; a fifth indication indicating the size of the preamble repetition group, and a sixth indication indicating the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the sequence length can be determined according to the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the size of the preamble repetition group and then divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, a seventh indication indicating the sequence type which also indicates the sequence length. For example, “Type-1” may refer to orthogonal cover code (OCC) -2 which can implicitly indicate that the sequence length is 2. “Type-2” may refer to OCC-4 which can implicitly indicate that the sequence length is 4. “Type-3” may refer to OOC-8 which can implicitly indicate that the sequence length is 8. In some embodiments, the sequence number can be determined according to at least one of: the sequence length, or a high layer signaling. The sequence index can be determined according to a user equipment (UE) identity (ID) or randomly determined by a user equipment (UE) .
[0008] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a sequence set corresponding to the sequence length. The wireless communication device may determine a specific sequence according to the sequence index and the sequence set. The wireless communication device may apply the sequence to the PRACH transmission. In some embodiments, applying the sequence may comprise applying the sequence to one or more units of PRACH transmission. The one or more units may comprise at least one of: a symbol; a symbol group; a time-continuous symbol group; a preamble repetition unit; or a preamble repetition group.
[0009] In some embodiments, the sequence length indicated in the second indication, or the seventh indication can be a specific value. The specific value may correspond to one or more units. In some embodiments, the sequence length indicated in the seventh indication may correspond to one or more units. In some embodiments, the sequence length can be determined according to a segment length configured by a high layer signaling for pre-compensation.
[0010] In some embodiments, applying the sequence may comprise using / applying / activating a scheme for applying the sequence. The scheme of applying the sequence may comprise at least one of: applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbols within the symbol group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbols within the symbol group; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbols within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbols within the preamble repetition unit; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol groups within the preamble repetition group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol groups within the preamble repetition group; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit and a set of sequence is applied over each symbol group within a symbol group set, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit and a set of element of sequence being multiplied by each symbol group within the symbol group set; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition group; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more preamble repetition units within a repetition group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of repetition units within the preamble repetition group; or applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more preamble repetition groups, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of preamble repetition groups.
[0011] In some embodiments, the sequence to the PRACH transmission can be applied when a condition is satisfied. The condition may comprise at least one of: an eighth indication indicating applying (e.g., indicating to apply) the sequence to the PRACH transmission; a ninth indication indicating which applying scheme of sequence is activated; a criterion related to a signal strength that is satisfied; a criterion related to a frequency offset that is satisfied; a criterion related to a timing offset that is satisfied; or a criterion related to a UE movement status that is satisfied. The criterion may comprise at least one of: a measured signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) of a signal, SINR) being higher than a first configured threshold; a measured signal strength being equal to the first configured threshold; a frequency offset being lower than a second configured threshold; a frequency offset being equal to the second configured threshold; a timing offset being lower than a third configured threshold; a timing offset being equal to the third configured threshold; a movement state being lower than a fourth configured threshold; or a movement state (e.g., UE speed) being equal to the fourth configured threshold. If only one threshold is configured, the wireless communication device may use the threshold. If multiple thresholds are configured, the wireless communication device may use at least one of the multiple thresholds (e.g., minimum threshold, second minimum threshold, or maximum threshold) .
[0012] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine whether the length of sequence is associated with one or more thresholds (e.g., if there is only one threshold and a measured signal strength is lower than the first configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-1 (e.g., length-1 can equal to zero) , if a measured signal strength is higher than the first configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-2; or if there are multiple thresholds and a measured signal strength is higher than the first configured threshold_A, the sequence length is determined as length-1, if a measured signal strength is higher than the first configured threshold_B, the sequence length is determined as length-2; or if there is only one threshold and a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is higher than the configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-1 (e.g., length-1 can equal to zero) , if a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is lower than the configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-2; or if there are multiple thresholds, if a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is higher than the configured threshold_A, the sequence length is determined as length-1, if a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is lower than the configured threshold_B, the sequence length is determined as length-2) . In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a segment length according to the sequence length. The wireless communication device may perform an uplink (UL) pre-compensation according to the segment length.
[0013] In some embodiments, a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station (BS) , or a gNB) may receive a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission according to a resource configuration from a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) . The resource configuration can be configured by the wireless communication node. The resource configuration may comprise at least one of: one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission, or a sequence configuration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an example cellular communication network in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example base station and a user equipment device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates an example implementation of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) , in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates an example symbol group for a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 12 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 13 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 14 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 15 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 16 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 18 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 19 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 20 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 21 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 22 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 23 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 24 illustrates an example transmission pattern for a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0039] FIG. 25 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for capacity expansion of a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] 1. Mobile Communication Technology and Environment
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network, and / or system, 100 in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) network, and is herein referred to as “network 100. ” Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter “BS 102” ; also referred to as wireless communication node) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter “UE 104” ; also referred to as wireless communication device) that can communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel) , and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 overlaying a geographical area 101. In FIG. 1, the BS 102 and UE 104 are contained within a respective geographic boundary of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 may include at least one base station operating at its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.
[0042] For example, the BS 102 may operate at an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a downlink radio frame 118, and an uplink radio frame 124 respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into sub-frames 120 / 127 which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In the present disclosure, the BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes, ” generally, which can practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communications, in accordance with various embodiments of the present solution.
[0043] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In one illustrative embodiment, system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication environment 100 of FIG. 1, as described above.
[0044] System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter “BS 202” ) and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter “UE 204” ) . The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
[0045] As would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in FIG. 2. Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software can depend upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0046] In accordance with some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 230 that includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuitry that is coupled to the antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in time duplex fashion. Similarly, in accordance with some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 210 that includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuity that is coupled to the antenna 212. A downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in time duplex fashion. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. Conversely, the operations of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232. In some embodiments, there is close time synchronization with a minimal guard time between changes in duplex direction.
[0047] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 250, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 212 / 232 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
[0048] In accordance with various embodiments, the BS 202 may be an evolved node B (eNB) , a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station, for example. In some embodiments, the UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
[0049] Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that the processors modules 210 and 230 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, the memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.
[0050] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that enable bi-directional communication between base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the base station 202. For example, network communication module 218 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network. In this manner, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) . The terms “configured for, ” “configured to” and conjugations thereof, as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
[0051] The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model (referred to herein as, “open system interconnection model” ) is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems (e.g., wireless communication device, wireless communication node) open to interconnection and communication with other systems. The model is broken into seven subcomponents, or layers, each of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI Model also defines a logical network and effectively describes computer packet transfer by using different layer protocols. The OSI Model may also be referred to as the seven-layer OSI Model or the seven-layer model. In some embodiments, a first layer may be a physical layer. In some embodiments, a second layer may be a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, a third layer may be a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, a fourth layer may be a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, a fifth layer may be a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, a sixth layer may be a Non Access Stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer being the other layer.
[0052] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying figures to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present solution. As would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.
[0053] 2. Systems and Methods for Capacity Expansion of a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Transmission
[0054] To address the challenges posed by limited resources and a larger number of user equipments (UEs) , one approach is to enhance uplink capacity. With the adoption of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) , satellite communication systems may serve a broader and more diverse range of UEs due to their extensive coverage. Enhancements for uplink (UL) coverage can be as part of new radio (NR) NTN enhancements, including techniques like repetitions. Additionally, for certain use cases like internet of things (IoT) , repetitions can be employed / supported to extend uplink coverage.
[0055] While the frequency of narrowband (NB) -IoT UE-initiated random access is low, physical random access channel (PRACH) capacity may not be a primary concern for NB-IoT. Consequently, for single-tone transmissions, NB-IoT may not allow the multiplexing of multiple UEs on the same tone, limiting capacity in power-limited scenarios. Moreover, NB-IoT NTN deployments may reveal a pressing need to support massive capacity, encompassing various UE types, including lower-cost devices and wearables. Therefore, the capacity analysis of NTN UL systems may have their limitations. In this disclosure, the methods to expand capacity of PRACH in terrestrial network (TN) / non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems are described.
[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates an example implementation of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) , in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. An example structure of transparent NTN is illustrated in FIG. 3. The link between a UE and a satellite can be a service link. The link between a BS and a satellite can be a feeder link and can be common for all UEs within the same cell.
[0057] Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel (NPRACH) design
[0058] The physical layer random access preamble can be based on single-subcarrier frequency-hopping symbol groups. A symbol group is illustrated in FIG. 4. The symbol group may include a cyclic prefix of length TCP and a sequence of N identical symbols with total length TSEQ. The total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit can be denoted by P. The number of time-contiguous symbol groups can be given by G. The preamble sequence in each symbol group may include a constant sequence, e.g., all the symbols can be the same (e.g., 1) .
[0059] The parameter values for frame structures 1 (e.g., FDD) and 2 (e.g., TDD) are listed in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.
[0060] Table 1: Random access preamble parameters for frame structure type 1.
[0061] Table 2: Random access preamble parameters for frame structure type 2.
[0062] The preamble may include P symbol groups which can be transmitted times, which can be configured by a higher layer signaling numRepetitionsPerPreambleAttempt and may represent the number of NPRACH repetitions per attempt. For example, when the preamble format is 0 / 1 and numRepetitionsPerPreambleAttempt is 2, then G=4, P=4, N=5 and N_rep^NPRACH (e.g., ) is 2, the existing transmission is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission pattern with hopping (without sequence multiplexing) .
[0063] For example, when the preamble format is 2 and numRepetitionsPerPreambleAttempt is 2, then G=6, P=6, N=3 and is 2, the existing transmission is shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission pattern with hopping (without sequence multiplexing) .
[0064] In addition, to address the influence / impact of timing errors caused by the large timing drift rate of satellite motion on PRACH transmission, UL pre-compensation can be supported for a PRACH transmission. Because segment length can been supported in IoT NTN, the UL pre-compensation of PRACH can be indicated by a BS. In details, the segment length of NPRACH for preamble format 0 and 1 can be indicated with the parameter of nprach-TxDurationFmt01-r17, where the value can be configured as {n2, n4, n8, n16, n32, n64} and indicates the duration of PRACH segment transmission for PRACH resource format 0 and format 1 in a NTN transmission, associated with a unit in duration of four preamble transmissions, LsegmentUnit, e.g., 4 *(TCP+TSEQ) . For example, value n2 may correspond to the duration of 2 *4 *preamble transmission, value n4 may correspond to the duration of 4 *4 *preambles transmission and so on. The segment length of NPRACH for preamble format 2 can be indicated with the parameter of nprach-TxDurationFmt2-r17, where the value can be configured as {n1, n2, n4, n8, n16} and may indicate the duration of PRACH segment transmission for PRACH resource format 2 in NTN transmission, associated with a unit in duration of six preamble transmissions, LsegmentUnit, e.g., 6 * (TCP+TSEQ) . For example, value n1 may correspond to the duration of 1 *6 *preamble transmission, value n2 may correspond to the duration of 2 *6 *preambles transmission and so on. This method can satisfy / address the timing error requirements during a PRACH transmission.
[0065] To extend the capacity of random access, multiple UEs can be multiplexed in the same time-frequency resource by applying sequence (s) . The sequence length can be jointly configured with at least one of the length of symbol group, repetition and time-contiguous symbol groups or configured by higher layer signaling, etc. Specifically, the following methods for sequence configuration can be considered. In the following disclosure, “A*B” represents A multiplied by B; “A / B” represents A divided by B.
[0066] Implementation Example 1: Sequence configuration
[0067] The sequence configuration may include / indicate / specify at least one of: a sequence type, a sequence length, a sequence number, or a sequence index.
[0068] For sequence type: The sequence can be at least orthogonal cover code, or non-orthogonal cover code. The orthogonal cover code can be based on at least one of: a discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequence, a Walsh sequence, a Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence, or a Hadamard sequence. If more than one sequence types can be used for PRACH multiplexing, the specific sequence type can be configured by higher layer signaling. The sequence type can be configured by at least one of following methods.
[0069] - A field indicating the sequence type, for example, “1” may indicate “OCC” , “2” may indicate “non-OCC” , or “1” may indicate “sequence based on DFT” , “2” may indicate “walsh sequence” , etc. Besides the sequence type can also be configured along with sequence length defined below.
[0070] For sequence length: The sequence length LLength can be determined according to the parameters for PRACH configuration (or resource configuration) . For example, the network can indicate the sequence length LLength through the parameters for PRACH channel. The network / UE may determine the sequence length LLength based on the parameters of PRACH configuration. In some embodiments, the UE can autonomously determine the sequence length LLength based on the parameters for PRACH channel. In some cases, take the parameters for NR case as an example, the LLength can be determined by at least one of the repetition number of preamble / PRACH corresponding to the configured PRACH format, etc. Take the parameters for IoT case as an example, the LLength can be determined by at least one of the following methods / approaches:
[0071] - the length of identity symbols N in the symbol group, or
[0072] - the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P *the number of identical symbols in a symbol group N, or
[0073] - the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P, or
[0074] - the repetition number of NPRACH repetitions or
[0075] - the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P *the repetition number of NPRACH or
[0076] - the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P / the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit G, or
[0077] - the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P *the size of the preamble repetition group X / the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit G, the size of the preamble repetition group X can be configured by higher layer signaling, X can equal to the repetition number of NPRACH.
[0078] The sequence length LLength can be determined according to a defined field which can be configured via at least higher layer signaling:
[0079] - the field indicating the sequence length LLength, LLength can have a value of at least one of {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc} . The granularity of LLength can be symbol-level, symbol group-level, preamble repetition unit-level, etc, or
[0080] - the field indicating the size of the preamble repetition group X, the sequence length LLength can have a value that can be determined according to the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P *the size of the preamble repetition group X, or
[0081] - the field indicating the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit, the sequence length LLength can have a value that can be determined according to the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P / the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit R, R can equal to G, or
[0082] - the field (s) indicating the size of the preamble repetition group X and the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit, the sequence length LLength can have value (s) that can be determined according to the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit P *the size of the preamble repetition group X / the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit Z, Z can be configured by higher layer signaling, Z can equal to G,
[0083] - the field indicating the sequence length LLength, the preamble repetition can be divided into repetition groups (e.g., the number of NPRACH repetitions per attempt the length of sequence LLength, the repetition number of PRACH / the length of sequence LLength) ,
[0084] - the field indicating the sequence type implicitly indicates the sequence length LLength, e.g., “Type-1” may refer to OCC-2 which implicitly indicates the sequence length LLength, is 2, “Type-2” may refer to OCC-4 which implicitly indicates the sequence length LLength, is 4, “Type-3” may refer to OOC-8 which implicitly indicates the sequence length LLength, is 8. The granularity of LLength, can be symbol-level, symbol group-level, or preamble repetition unit-level.
[0085] - In order to enhance the capacity of PRACH, the combination between sequence length and segment length can be considered.
[0086] Sequence length: The length of sequence can be associated with segment length for UL pre-compensation.
[0087] - LLength_actual = min (N*LsegmentUnit *Lsegment / Tseq_unit, LLength) , where Lsegment can be the {nX} durations of PRACH segment transmission in NTN transmission and the unit in duration can be of four / six preamble transmission, LLength can be the originally configured one, e.g., via the methods shown above.
[0088] - Tseq_unit can be time duration of sequence unit where the symbols in the time duration of sequence unit apply identical value in the sequence. Tseq_unit can include one or multiple symbols, a symbol group, a preamble repetition unit, a preamble repetition group, and / or time-contiguous symbol group.
[0089] - Implicitly configured via segment length. For example, a scaling factor to segment length, the scaling factor can be 1 / 256, 1 / 128, 1 / 64, ..., 1 / 2, 1, etc. The sequence length LLength can be determined by (scalingFactor*N*LsegmentUnit *Lsegment) / Tseq_unit.
[0090] For the number of sequence (e.g., bitwidth, used to select the sequence index by UE) , the number of sequence can be determined according to at least one of following:
[0091] - the number of sequence can be determined according to configured parameter, e.g., the sequence length LLength, then the bitwidth for sequence index indication can be or
[0092] - the number of sequence can be configured by high layer signaling, e.g., for 8, the bitwidth for sequence index indication can be 3 bits and the corresponding sequence length can be greater than or equal to 8.
[0093] Sequence index: The sequence index for multiplexing can be randomly selected or selected using association with UE ID (e.g., IMSI, RNTI, the relationship can be mod (UE ID, LLength) , etc. ) by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength.
[0094] In other methods, the segment length can be determined by LLength implicitly.
[0095] - Segment length can be equal to or multiply a scaling factor with the sequence length, the scaling factor can be 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., etc. The segment length can be determined by (scalingFactor *LLength *Tseq_unit) / (N *LsegmentUnit) .
[0096] - Implicitly indicate the length of segmented pre-compensation per elevation angle, for example, sequence length can be indicated through the signaling above, and the length of segmented pre-compensation per elevation angle can be indicated by BS with the following methods.
[0097] a) Option-1: The mapping relationship between elevation angles and the length of segmented pre-compensation associated with sequence length LLength can be broadcast by the BS with a scaling factor. The UE may determine the length of segmented pre-compensation to perform UL pre-compensation through global navigation satellite system (GNSS) estimated the elevation angle, scaling factor and sequence length LLength.
[0098] Table 3: The mapping relationship between elevation angle and scaling factor of sequence length LLength.
[0099] For example, the BS can broadcast the N set parameters of elevation angle and scaling factor by N sets of {elevation angles, scaling factor} , or this relationship can be implicitly signaled via the following bitmap to index corresponding scaling factor of LLength for UL pre-compensation and the each bit of bitmap may represent each elevation angle.
[0100] Table 4: The mapping relationship between elevation angle and scaling factor of sequence length LLength.
[0101] b) Option-2: The UE may perform UL pre-compensation LLength for segment length. Optionally, if the UE does not receive the signaling for the indication of scaling factor of sequence length LLengt for UL pre-compensation of PRACH from the BS. The UE can perform UL pre-compensation per sequence length by default. Otherwise, the UE can perform UL pre-compensation based on BS’s indication, such as the mapping relationship between elevation angle and scaling factor of sequence length LLength.
[0102] c) Option-3: The UE may store the mapping relationship between elevation angle and scaling factor of sequence length LLength for UL pre-compensation in memory, without broadcasting by the base station.
[0103] Besides, whether to apply the sequence to a PRACH transmission can be indicated by the above signaling, or by a high-level signaling or DCI signaling. For example, when the sequence type, the sequence length, or the sequence number are configured, it may indicate to apply the sequence to the PRACH transmission. In some embodiments, when signaling is configured as enabled by the network side through the high-level signaling or DCI signaling, it may indicate to apply the sequence to the PRACH transmission.
[0104] Multiple application schemes are defined in Example 2, and the specific scheme can also be configured by the network side through signaling. For example, when the indicator indicates "1" , it may indicate the scheme of case-1-a is applied / activated / selected. When the indicator indicates "2" , it may indicate the scheme of case-2-a is applied / activated / selected.
[0105] Implementation Example 2: Sequence application
[0106] The sequence can be applied to signal at different units of PRACH, such as symbols-level, repetition-level, repetition group-level, etc. Specifically, the following methods for sequence multiplexing can be considered.
[0107] Example-1: The multiplexing can consider sequence across symbols
[0108] Case-1: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across symbols within each symbol group to extend the capacity of / for PRACH transmission. The sequence can be identical between different symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit. The symbol within the symbol group can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) . IoT case can be an example.
[0109] Case-1-a: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength =5. The preamble xi in the ith symbol group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq=wn*xi, where xi is preamble sequence in each symbol group, i=1, ..., P. And wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. FIG. 7 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across symbols within a symbol group.
[0110] Case-1-b: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=4, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq=wn*xi, where xi is preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in each symbol group, i = 1, ..., P. For example, the one or more symbols are relatively near the middle of each symbol group or on the symbols in each symbol group starting with first data symbol, preamble remains unchanged on the other symbols. And wn is the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. FIG. 8 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across partial symbols within a symbol group.
[0111] Case-1-c: When G=6, P=6, N=3, LLength=3. The preamble xi in the ith symbol group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq=wn*xi, where xi can be preamble sequence in each symbol group, i=1, ..., P. And wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. FIG. 9 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across symbols within a symbol group.
[0112] Case-1-d: When G=6, P=6, N=5, LLength=4, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq=wn*xi, where xi can be preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in each symbol group, i = 1, ..., P. For example, the one or more symbols are relatively near the middle of each symbol group or on the symbols in each symbol group starting with first data symbol, preamble remains unchanged on the other symbols. And wn is the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. FIG. 10 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across partial symbols within a symbol group.
[0113] Case-2: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across symbols in the symbol group within a preamble repetition unit to extend the capacity of PRACH. The sequence can be identical between different preamble repetition unit. The symbols in a preamble repetition unit can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) . IoT case can be an example.
[0114] Case-2-a: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=20, the preamble xi in the ith repetition unit can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq=wn*xi, where xi can be preamble sequence in ith repetition unit, i = 1, ..., and wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. FIG. 11 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across symbols in symbol group within a preamble repetition unit.
[0115] Case-2-b: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=12, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group, i= 1, ..., P. The one or more symbols can be the symbols in each symbol group starting with first data symbol, preamble may remain unchanged on the other symbols, and wn can be the nth orthogonal sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value set belonging to the ith symbol group in the wn. FIG. 12 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across partial symbols in symbol group within a preamble repetition unit.
[0116] Case-2-c: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=6, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group, i= 1, ..., P. The one or more symbols can be relatively near the middle of each symbol group, preamble may remain unchanged on the other symbols, and wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value set belonging to the ith symbol group in the wn. FIG. 13 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across partial symbols in symbol group within a preamble repetition unit.
[0117] Example-2: The multiplexing can consider sequence across symbol group.
[0118] Case-3: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across symbol group (e.g., across symbols of a symbol group) within the preamble repetition unit to extend the capacity of PRACH. The sequence can be identical between different preamble repetition units. The sequence can be identical within a symbol group. The symbols in a symbol group in the preamble repetition unit can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) . IoT case can be an example.
[0119] Case-3-a: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=4, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group in each preamble repetition unit can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group of each preamble repetition unit, i= 1, ..., P. The one or more symbols can be the symbols in each symbol group starting with the first data symbol, preamble may remain unchanged on the other symbols. And wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value belonging to the ith symbol group in the wn. FIG. 14 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across partial symbols of symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit.
[0120] Case-3-b: when G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=4, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group in each preamble repetition unit can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group of each preamble repetition unit, i= 1, ..., P. The one or more symbols can be relatively near the middle of each symbol group. Preamble may remain unchanged on the other symbols. And wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) is the ith sequence value set belonging to the ith symbol group in the wn. FIG. 15 illustrates an NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across symbols of symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit.
[0121] Case-4: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across symbol group (e.g., across symbols of a symbol group) within the preamble repetition group to extend the capacity of PRACH. The sequence can be identical between different preamble repetition group. The sequence can be identical within a symbol group. The symbols in a symbol group can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) . IoT case can be an example.
[0122] Case-4-a: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=8, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group in the preamble repetition group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group of each preamble repetition group, i=1, ..., LLength. The one or more symbols can be the symbols in each symbol group starting with the first data symbol. Preamble may remain unchanged on the other symbols. And wn can be the nth orthogonal sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence belonging to the ith symbol group in the wn. FIG. 16 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across partial symbols of symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit.
[0123] Case-4-b: When G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=8, the preamble xi on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group in the preamble repetition group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence on the one or more symbols in the ith symbol group of each preamble repetition group, i= 1, ..., LLength. The one or more symbols can be relatively near the middle of each symbol group. Preamble may remain unchanged on the other symbols. And wn can be the nth orthogonal sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence belonging to the ith symbol group in the wn. FIG. 17 illustrates an NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across partial symbols of symbol groups within a preamble repetition unit.
[0124] Case-5: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across symbol group set (e.g., time-contiguous symbol groups G, a defined field indicating the number of symbol group in a symbol group set G’) within each preamble repetition unit to extend the capacity of PRACH. The sequence can be identical between different preamble repetition units and sequence can be identical within a symbol groups set (e.g., a set of symbol groups) . The symbols in the symbol groups set may apply identical value in the sequence and can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) . IoT case can be an example.
[0125] Case-5-a: When G=2, P=4, N=4, LLength=2, the preamble xi in the ith symbol group set in the preamble repetition unit can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence in the ith symbol group set of each preamble repetition unit, i= 1, ..., LLength, and wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence belonging to the ith time-contiguous symbol group in the wn. FIG. 18 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across symbol group sets within a preamble repetition unit.
[0126] Case-5-1: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across symbol group set (e.g., across a set of symbol groups) within a preamble repetition unit and same sequence can be applied over each symbol group within a symbol group set (e.g., time-contiguous symbol groups G, a defined field indicating the number of symbol group in a symbol group set G’) . The sequence can be identical between different preamble repetition units and sequence can be identical over each symbol group within a symbol groups set. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) . IoT case can be an example.
[0127] Case-5-1-a: When G’ =2, P=4, N=4, LLength=8, the preamble xj in the jth symbol group of preamble repetition unit can be multiplied by the sequence wn (e.g., [1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1] ) according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xj, where xj can be preamble sequence in the jth symbol group of each preamble repetition unit, j= 1, ..., P, and wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value set belonging to the jth symbol group in the wn (e.g., [1 -1 1 -1] for each symbol group of 1st symbol group set, [-1 1 -1 1] for each symbol group of 2nd symbol group set) , i=1, ..., P / G’. That is to say, the sequence can be divided into P / G’ parts for sequence applying. FIG. 19 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across symbol group sets within a preamble repetition unit.
[0128] Case-6: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across symbol group set (e.g., time-contiguous symbol groups G, a defined field indicating the number of symbol group in a symbol group set G’) within each preamble repetition group to extend the capacity of PRACH, sequence can be identical between different preamble repetition groups and sequence can be identical within the symbol groups set, the symbols in the symbol groups set can apply an identical value in the sequence and can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) . IoT case can be an example.
[0129] Case-6-a: When G=2, P=4, N=4, LLength=4, the preamble xi in the ith symbol group set in the preamble repetition group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence in the ith symbol group set of each preamble repetition group, i= 1, ..., LLength, and wn is the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence belonging to the ith time-contiguous symbol group in the wn. FIG. 20 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across symbol group sets within a preamble repetition unit.
[0130] Example-3: The multiplexing can consider sequence across preamble repetition.
[0131] Case-7: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across preamble repetition unit within a repetition group to extend the capacity of PRACH. The sequence can be identical between different preamble repetition groups and sequence can be identical within a preamble repetition unit. The symbols in a preamble repetition unit may apply identical value in the sequence and can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) .
[0132] Case-7-a: IoT case can be an example, when G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=2, the preamble xi in the ith preamble repetition unit in the preamble repetition group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence in the ith preamble repetition unit of each preamble repetition group, i= 1, ..., LLength, and wn is the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value set belonging to the ith preamble repetition unit in the wn. FIG. 21 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across repetition within a preamble repetition group.
[0133] Case-7-b: NR / LTE case can be an example, when the PRACH format is 1, a PRACH transmission includes 2 preamble repetitions and sequence length can equal to the repetition number 2, the preamble xi in the ith preamble repetition within a PRACH transmission can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence in the ith preamble repetition unit of each PRACH transmission, i= 1, ..., LLength, and wn is the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value set belonging to the ith preamble repetition unit in the wn. FIG. 22 illustrates an example PRACH transmission after applying sequence across repetitions within a PRACH transmission.
[0134] Case-8: The UE can apply the sequence to the preamble sequence across repetition group (e.g., preamble repetition unit (s) in the repetition group) to extend the capacity of PRACH. The sequence can be identical within a preamble repetition group. The symbols in a preamble repetition group may apply identical value in the sequence and can be referred to as time duration of sequence unit. The procedure can be applied to any PRACH format (e.g., NPRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 0-a / 1-a, PRACH format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / A1 / A2 / A3 / B1 / B2 / B3 / B4 / C0 / C2) .
[0135] Case-8-a: IoT case can be an example, when G=4, P=4, N=5, LLength=2, then the repetition is divided into 2 repetition groups (repetition number / LLength) , the preamble xi in the ith preamble repetition group can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, , where xi can be preamble sequence in the ith preamble repetition group, i=1, ..., LLength, and wn can be the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value set belonging to the ith preamble repetition group in the wn. FIG. 23 illustrates an example NPRACH transmission after applying sequence across repetition groups.
[0136] Case-8-b: NR / LTE case can be an example, when the PRACH format is A2, a PRACH transmission includes 4 preamble repetitions, and sequence length LLength is configured as 2, then the preamble repetition is divided into 2 repetition groups. The preamble xi in the ith preamble repetition group within a PRACH transmission can be multiplied by the sequence wn according to xseq, i=wn (i) *xi, where xi can be preamble sequence in the ith preamble repetition group of each PRACH transmission, i= 1, ..., LLength, and wn is the nth sequence selected by the UE in the sequence set corresponding to LLength. wn (i) can be the ith sequence value set belonging to the ith preamble repetition group in the wn. FIG. 24 illustrates an example PRACH transmission after applying sequence across repetition groups within a PRACH transmission.
[0137] It should be understood that one or more features from the above / following implementation examples are not exclusive to the specific implementation examples, but can be combined in any manner (e.g., in any priority and / or order, concurrently or otherwise) .
[0138] FIG. 25 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 2500 for performing / enhancing PRACH transmission (s) . The method 2500 may be implemented using any one or more of the components and devices detailed herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1 to 24. In overview, the method 2500 may be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) , in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be performed in the method 2500 depending on the embodiment. At least one aspect of the operations is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium.
[0139] A wireles communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) may determine a resource configuration to perform a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission. The resource configuration may comprise at least one of: one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission, or a sequence configuration. The wireless communication device may perform the PRACH transmission according to the resource configuration. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may receive the resource configuration to perform the PRACH transmission from a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station (BS) ) . The one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission may comprise at least one of: a format of the PRACH transmission; a repetition number indicating a plurality of repetitions of the PRACH transmission; a number of time-contiguous symbol groups; a number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit; a number of identical symbols; or a segment length of uplink pre-compensation.
[0140] In some embodiments, the sequence configuration may comprise an indication of at least one of: a sequence type; a sequence length; a sequence number; or a sequence index. The sequence type may include at least one of: an orthogonal cover code or a non-orthogonal cover code. The orthogonal cover code can be based on at least one of: a discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequence, a Walsh sequence, a Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence, or a Hadamard sequence.
[0141] In some embodiments, the sequence length can be determined according to the one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission via at least one of: a length of identity symbols in a symbol group, or a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the number of identical symbols in the symbol group, or the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit, or a repetition number of physical random access channel (PRACH) (e.g., attempt to perform PRACH or NPRACH transmission / procedure) , or the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit multiplied by the repetition number of PRACH, or the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit divided by a number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, or the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit multiplied by a size of the preamble repetition group and then divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit. The size of the preamble repetition group can be configured by a high layer signaling. The size of the preamble repetition group can be equal to the repetition number of PRACH.
[0142] In some embodiments, the sequence length can be determined according to a first indication configured by high layer signaling. The first indication can be at least one of: a second indication indicating the sequence length; a third indication indicating a size of a preamble repetition group, wherein the sequence length can be determined according to a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the size of the preamble repetition group; a fourth indication indicating a number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the sequence length can be determined according to the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit; a fifth indication indicating the size of the preamble repetition group, and a sixth indication indicating the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the sequence length can be determined according to the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the size of the preamble repetition group and then divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, a seventh indication indicating the sequence type which also indicates the sequence length. For example, “Type-1” may refer to OCC-2 which can implicitly indicate that the sequence length is 2. “Type-2” may refer to OCC-4 which can implicitly indicate that the sequence length is 4. “Type-3” may refer to OOC-8 which can implicitly indicate that the sequence length is 8. In some embodiments, the sequence number can be determined according to at least one of: the sequence length, or a high layer signaling. The sequence index can be determined according to a user equipment (UE) identity (ID) or randomly determined by a user equipment (UE) .
[0143] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a sequence set corresponding to the sequence length. The wireless communication device may determine a specific sequence according to the sequence index and the sequence set. The wireless communication device may apply the sequence to the PRACH transmission. In some embodiments, applying the sequence may comprise applying the sequence to one or more units of PRACH transmission. The one or more units may comprise at least one of: a symbol; a symbol group; a time-continuous symbol group; a preamble repetition unit; or a preamble repetition group.
[0144] In some embodiments, the sequence length indicated in the second indication, or the seventh indication can be a specific value. The specific value may correspond to one or more units. In some embodiments, the sequence length indicated in the seventh indication may correspond to one or more units. In some embodiments, the sequence length can be determined according to a segment length configured by a high layer signaling for pre-compensation.
[0145] In some embodiments, applying the sequence may comprise using / applying / activating a scheme for applying the sequence. The scheme of applying the sequence may comprise at least one of: applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbols within the symbol group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbols within the symbol group; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbols within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbols within the preamble repetition unit; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol groups within the preamble repetition group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol groups within the preamble repetition group; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit and a set of sequence is applied over each symbol group within a symbol group set, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit and a set of element of sequence being multiplied by each symbol group within the symbol group set; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition group; applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more preamble repetition units within a repetition group, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of repetition units within the preamble repetition group; or applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more preamble repetition groups, wherein the applying may comprise each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of preamble repetition groups.
[0146] In some embodiments, the sequence to the PRACH transmission can be applied when a condition is satisfied. The condition may comprise at least one of: an eighth indication indicating applying the sequence to the PRACH transmission; a ninth indication indicating which applying scheme of sequence is activated; a criterion related to a signal strength that is satisfied; a criterion related to a frequency offset that is satisfied; a criterion related to a timing offset that is satisfied; or a criterion related to a UE movement status that is satisfied. The criterion may comprise at least one of: a measured signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) of a signal, SINR) being higher than a first configured threshold; a measured signal strength being equal to the first configured threshold; a frequency offset being lower than a second configured threshold; a frequency offset being equal to the second configured threshold; a timing offset being higher than a third configured threshold; a timing offset being equal to the third configured threshold; a movement state being higher than a fourth configured threshold; or a movement state (e.g., UE speed) being equal to the fourth configured threshold. If only one threshold is configured, the wireless communication device may use the threshold. If multiple thresholds are configured, the wireless communication device may use at least one of the multiple thresholds (e.g., minimum threshold, second minimum threshold, or maximum threshold) .
[0147] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine whether the length of sequence is associated with one or more thresholds (e.g., if there is only one threshold and a measured signal strength is lower than the first configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-1 (e.g., length-1 can equal to zero) , if a measured signal strength is higher than the first configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-2; or if there are multiple thresholds and a measured signal strength is higher than the first configured threshold_A, the sequence length is determined as length-1, if a measured signal strength is higher than the first configured threshold_B, the sequence length is determined as length-2; or if there is only one threshold and a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is higher than the configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-1 (e.g., length-1 can equal to zero) , if a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is lower than the configured threshold, the sequence length is determined as length-2; or if there are multiple thresholds, if a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is higher than the configured threshold_A, the sequence length is determined as length-1, if a frequency offset or timing offset or movement state is lower than the configured threshold_B, the sequence length is determined as length-2) . In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a segment length according to the sequence length. The wireless communication device may perform an uplink (UL) pre-compensation according to the segment length.
[0148] In some embodiments, a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station (BS) , or a gNB) may receive a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission according to a resource configuration from a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) . The resource configuration can be configured by the wireless communication node. The resource configuration may comprise at least one of: one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission, or a sequence configuration.
[0149] While various embodiments of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand example features and functions of the present solution. Such persons would understand, however, that the solution is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described illustrative embodiments.
[0150] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first, " "second, " and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
[0151] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0152] A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software module) , or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0153] Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.
[0154] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
[0155] In this document, the term "module" as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according embodiments of the present solution.
[0156] Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in embodiments of the present solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described embodiments of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present solution. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.
[0157] Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.
Claims
1.A method comprising:determining, by a wireless communication device, a resource configuration to perform a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, wherein the resource configuration comprises at least one of:one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission, or a sequence configuration; andperforming, by the wireless communication device, the PRACH transmission according to the resource configuration.2.The method of claim 1, comprising:receiving, by the wireless communication device from a wireless communication node, the resource configuration to perform the PRACH transmission.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission comprise at least one of:a format of the PRACH transmission;a repetition number indicating a plurality of repetitions of the PRACH transmission;a number of time-contiguous symbol groups;a number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit;a number of identical symbols; ora segment length of uplink pre-compensation.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence configuration comprises an indication of at least one of:a sequence type;a sequence length;a sequence number; ora sequence index.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the sequence type includes at least one of: an orthogonal cover code or a non-orthogonal cover code.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the orthogonal cover code is based on at least one of: a discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequence, a Walsh sequence, a Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence, or a Hadamard sequence.7.The method of claim 4, wherein the sequence length is determined according to the one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission via at least one of:a length of identity symbols in a symbol group, ora total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the number of identical symbols in the symbol group, orthe total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit, ora repetition number of physical random access channel (PRACH) , orthe total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit multiplied by the repetition number of PRACH, orthe total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit divided by a number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit, orthe total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit multiplied by a size of the preamble repetition group and then divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit.8.The method of claim 4, wherein the sequence length is determined according to a first indication configured by high layer signaling, wherein the first indication is at least one of:a second indication indicating the sequence length;a third indication indicating a size of a preamble repetition group,wherein the sequence length is determined according to a total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the size of the preamble repetition group;a fourth indication indicating a number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit,wherein the sequence length is determined according to the total number of symbol groups in the preamble repetition unit divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit;a fifth indication indicating the size of the preamble repetition group, and a sixth indication indicating the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit,wherein the sequence length is determined according to the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit multiplied by the size of the preamble repetition group and then divided by the number of time-contiguous symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit;a seventh indication indicating the sequence type which indicates the sequence length.9.The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the sequence number is determined according to at least one of:the sequence length, or a high layer signaling.10.The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the sequence index is determined according to a user equipment (UE) identity (ID) or randomly determined by a user equipment (UE) .11.The method of claim 1 or 8, comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, a sequence set corresponding to the sequence length, anddetermining, by the wireless communication device, a specific sequence according to the sequence index and the sequence set, orapplying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence to the PRACH transmission.12.The method of claim 11, wherein applying the sequence comprises applying the sequence to one or more units of PRACH transmission, wherein the one or more units comprise at least one of:a symbol;a symbol group;a time-continuous symbol group;a preamble repetition unit; ora preamble repetition group.13.The method of claim 8, wherein the sequence length indicated in the second indication, or the seventh indication is a specific value, wherein the specific value corresponds to one or more units.14.The method of claim 8, wherein the sequence length indicated in the seventh indication corresponds to one or more units.15.The method of claim 4, wherein the sequence length is determined according to a segment length configured by a high layer signaling for pre-compensation.16.The method of claim 12, wherein applying the sequence comprises using a scheme for applying the sequence, wherein the scheme of applying the sequence comprises at least one of:applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbols within the symbol group,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbols within the symbol group;applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbols within the preamble repetition unit,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbols within the preamble repetition unit;applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol groups within the preamble repetition unit;applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol groups within the preamble repetition group,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol groups within the preamble repetition group;applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit;applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit and a set of sequence is applied over each symbol group within a symbol group set,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition unit and a set of element of sequence being multiplied by each symbol group within the symbol group set;applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more symbol group sets within the preamble repetition group,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of symbol group sets within the preamble repetition group;applying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more preamble repetition units within a repetition group,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of repetition units within the preamble repetition group; orapplying, by the wireless communication device, the sequence across one or more preamble repetition groups,wherein the applying comprises each element of the sequence being multiplied by a respective one of the subset of preamble repetition groups.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the sequence to the PRACH transmission is applied when a condition is satisfied, wherein the condition comprises at least one of:an eighth indication indicating applying the sequence to the PRACH transmission;a ninth indication indicating which applying scheme of sequence is activated;a criterion related to a signal strength that is satisfied;a criterion related to a frequency offset that is satisfied;a criterion related to a timing offset that is satisfied; ora criterion related to a UE movement status that is satisfied.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the criteria comprise at least one of:a measured signal strength being higher than a first configured threshold;a measured signal strength being equal to the first configured threshold;a frequency offset being lower than a second configured threshold;a frequency offset being equal to the second configured threshold;a timing offset being lower than a third configured threshold;a timing offset being equal to the third configured threshold;a movement state being lower than a fourth configured threshold; ora movement state being equal to the fourth configured threshold.19.The method of claim 9 or 10, comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, whether the length of sequence is associated with one or more thresholds.20.The method of claim 1, comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, a segment length according to the sequence length; orperforming, by the wireless communication device, an uplink (UL) pre-compensation according to the segment length.21.A method comprising:receiving, by a wireless communication node from a wireless communication device, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission according to a resource configuration,wherein the resource configuration is configured by the wireless communication node, and comprises at least one of: one or more parameters for the PRACH transmission, or a sequence configuration.22.A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21.23.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21.
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