Identification and access system

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the identification and execution of a claim to exercise a right (licence) using a blockchain with a device for exchanging crypto values (e.g. amount of crypto currency) with a crypto wallet (K1), a further crypto wallet (K2) for managing a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT), a device for identifying crypto wallets (K1) and further crypto wallets (K2), and a database (DB) which contains at least one unique characteristic (e.g. token ID) of a unique crypto value as a licence. The system identifies whether there is a claim to exercise a right (e.g. right to access an object) and executes this if a unique crypto value in the further crypto wallet (K2) matches a crypto value whose unique characteristic is stored in the database (DB).

Description

[0001] IDENTIFICATION AND ACCESS SYSTEM

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention relates to an access, security, identification, reference and assignment system, referred to in this disclosure as an identification system or access system or simply as a system, with a secure identification of a claim to exercise a right, such as access to an object, using a blockchain and, if applicable, execution of this claim.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART

[0005] Historically, access systems have been based on mechanical keys. Only the correct key, which fits the lock blocking the access, allows the user of the key access to a property. Electronic and especially digital access systems also use keys, which are then recognized by a corresponding electronic device. A username and password are also common, often accompanied by two-factor identification. One common problem is remembering usernames and especially passwords. Many different access points mean many different access codes (username, password, etc.), which makes administration difficult. If you write down the access codes and keep them in a secure place, they are usually not available when you need them.If you write them down and keep this record with you for constant use, there is a risk of compromise if they fall into the wrong hands. Password managers can often be helpful here. These systems identify certain physical characteristics that are sufficiently unique, such as fingerprints, faces, or irises, before converting them into electronic identifiers that then grant the corresponding access. Password managers reduce the various access points to a single access code – but the problem of the password manager's master password being compromised still remains. A major disadvantage of all these systems is that they are not universally available, are organized too centrally, or their security and uniqueness are not always verifiable in individual cases.

[0006] WO 2024 / 208459 A1 describes an access system that uses a non-fungible token (NFT) in a blockchain as a license for access to a location or object. A signal in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency is transmitted from a crypto wallet to the access system in the form of a transaction, which leads to an entry in the blockchain. The access system is designed in such a way that it can determine, via access to the blockchain or to data in or from the blockchain, whether an access license in the form of an NFT is located in the crypto wallet that transmitted the signal to the access system. If this is the case, access to the location or object is granted. In this case, unauthorized access cannot be ruled out if a crypto wallet is compromised.

[0007] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0008] It is the object of this invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to propose a device and a method which, using a blockchain, overcome the disadvantages of conventional systems for access, security, identification, reference and allocation control and, by simply handling a crypto wallet with an inventive exchange of crypto values ​​with an inventive device (system), to enable proof of authorization of a right according to the invention and a corresponding execution of such authorization by secure identification of an authorized person.

[0009] PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The object is achieved by an inventive device (system) according to claim 1 and a corresponding technical method according to claim 5, as well as a computer program product according to claim 6, wherein a property of a crypto wallet (K), such as the wallet address (WA) or the disposal of a unique crypto asset, such as an NFT and its unique identifier such as its token ID (TID), is used to establish a license (authorization) for the proof of a right, such as access to an object, and to execute the exercise of such a right. The inventive system represents an identification system that can identify a crypto wallet involved in a transaction according to the invention as authorized to access or dispose of the object, depending on whether the inventive technical criteria are met.A system according to the invention evaluates the inventive criteria for the exercise of an access or disposal right (access) in the real world and manages, regulates, or controls the exercise of the right or its technical implementation (access) using a blockchain. It opens or releases access to an object by enabling it in some way, or enables or executes the acquisition of a good, or identifies the ownership of a specific right if the corresponding inventive criteria, which are defined and evaluated by the system, are met. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in dependent claims 2 to 4.

[0011] Crypto assets and crypto wallets can be identified by unique characteristics, such as token IDs (TIDs) for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) or blockchain or wallet addresses for crypto wallets. Instead of the term "characteristic" or "characteristics," the terms characterization, property, identifier, information, identification, and identification code are used synonymously in this context.

[0012] In order to be able to exercise rights according to the invention, a signal or information in the form of a crypto value, such as a certain amount of a cryptocurrency, is exchanged between a crypto wallet K and a device (system) according to the invention as a transaction that leads to an entry in the blockchain, wherein the device is equipped to determine whether a corresponding license for the proof or exercise of a right according to the invention, which is preferably designed as a blockchain-based token with a unique and unmistakable identification (TokenID or TID), such as an NFT (non-fungible token), is located in a specific crypto wallet.Depending on the embodiment, the crypto wallet in which the license is located can be the same as the one involved in the transaction or another one, which is preferably linked to it in the system, for example via a database DB, in order to fulfill the inventive criteria for exercising a corresponding right. Preferably, the exchange of an amount of cryptocurrency between a crypto wallet K and the system is to be understood as a transfer from the crypto wallet to the system. In special cases, the exchange can also take place in the other direction or in both directions, for example if, after the exercise of a right (access) has been approved, a transfer back from the system to the crypto wallet is carried out for forgery-proof documentation of access, for example to a critical infrastructure.The fact that a crypto value (value) is functionally transferred or exchanged between crypto wallet K and a device (system) according to the invention, which in turn can be at least partially designed as a crypto wallet, technically means that the control over the crypto value, which is represented by an entry of a corresponding transaction in the blockchain, is exchanged between the crypto wallet and a device according to the invention of the system. In other words, that the control over the crypto value is transferred from the crypto wallet to the device according to the invention or vice versa. The fact that a crypto value, such as a certain amount of a cryptocurrency or an NFT, is functionally located in a crypto wallet or device technically means that the crypto wallet or device has the control over the crypto value, which is represented by the entry of a corresponding transaction in the blockchain.In the following, one or both representations (functional or technical) are used depending on the situation.

[0013] A system within the meaning of the invention includes all systems, devices, and methods that, with the aid of (using) a blockchain, technically execute, implement, regulate, or control the exercise of rights, such as access to a location, object, or information of any kind, or to a technical system of any kind, or to the execution of a technical process of any kind, but preferably in the real world, according to inventive criteria, or that establish or determine the right to do so. Such a location, object, technical system, or technical process can be any location, object, technical system, or technical process, preferably in the real world, to which access or execution can be fundamentally restricted or limited. This includes access to an electronic system such as a computer, a digital network, a memory, a computer program (application), etc.or the confirmation of execution requests within a program sequence or a technical process in general, such as the confirmation to carry out a specific transfer within an online banking process. For example, it can be access to a real room (e.g. apartment, safe deposit box, house, bank, etc.) in the real world, for example through a locked door through which one can physically walk, or to a device or a function of a device (e.g. car, computer, etc.) or to software (database, app, online application, program, etc.) which primarily performs functions for the real world, such as transferring or spending money with which one can buy real goods or other goods at a vending machine, placing an order, issuing or sending a real object in the real world or simply exercising a right such as boarding a means of transport, etc.If, for example, an access requester requests access to an object (e.g., a room) in the real world, such as a person who wishes to enter a room with a locked door that is secured (protected) against general access or opening by the access system according to the invention, a corresponding device of the access system according to the invention, using a blockchain, first determines whether the access requester has any access authorization at all. If this is the case, a preferably electromechanical (mechatronic) mechanism, which may be part of the access system according to the invention, is activated by a corresponding device of the access system according to the invention in such a way that the door is opened using a corresponding, preferably (electro-)mechanical device, and access to the room with the previously locked door is now possible.According to the invention, the system according to the invention can also be used to prove and execute the proof of possession, ownership or possession of an object or information.

[0014] Access to software, if it is carried out for an activity or application preferably for or in the real world, such as a bank account, bank transfers, an internet account such as Amazon, where one can order real things, computers, servers, clouds, software for technical, mathematical, scientific, economic applications, etc., i.e. applications such as those that can be used for processes of daily life or professional life in the real world, can therefore also be realized with an invention according to the invention.

[0015] An access system according to the invention is preferably a part of the real world and suitable for directly or indirectly triggering, executing, controlling or regulating technical processes such as, for example, movements of mass-bound and non-virtual machine elements in the real world by implementation in a technical device in the real world (Fig. 1, 2, 3). It grants access or reference if the criterion for access or reference is met and the corresponding license for this has been presented to the system or proven. It can be directly or indirectly coupled or connected to or with technical devices such as machines or systems in the real world and can thus, or as part of these devices, machines or systems, trigger, execute, regulate or control technical processes in the real world, for example by transmitting mechanical, magnetic, electrical or electromagnetic, optical or acoustic signals, etc.can exchange information with these technical devices such as machines or systems in the real world. Such technical processes can be, for example, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or acoustic processes or actions or signals etc. in or for the real world. Corresponding actions, processes or signals are preferably triggered or executed when a defined access or reference criterion is met. Further examples are the assisted or automated opening of a door to sensitive areas in a laboratory or medical facility or to a vehicle, an apartment, a locker, etc. or secure access to an electronic or digital area (software), for example on the Internet, or the execution of actions with software which, at least in the broadest sense, has a direct or indirect influence on processes in the real world, as described above.In a very concrete and real way, access can be granted technically by opening a safe deposit box, such as in a bank, using a suitable control mechanism, e.g., an electromechanical mechanism. A technical signal within the meaning of the invention would also be, for example, an SMS. The mechanism can be more or less integrated into the system according to the invention and be part of the system, or it can be fixedly or detachably, permanently or temporarily connected to the access or reference system or an inventive device of a system according to the invention.

[0016] The criterion for assessing whether a device or a method step is in accordance with the invention or not is its direct or indirect effect on the real world.

[0017] If, for example, an access applicant requests access to software on a computer or on the Internet, which is protected from general access by an access restriction and this access is only available to authorized persons, access can be granted using an access system according to the invention.

[0018] However, if a process is triggered within a software (when using the software) with an access or purchase system that then impacts the real world, e.g., ordering a real medication from an online shop, this system can be considered inventive because it enables the program flow for executing the access or purchase through a possible authorization confirmation, which requires identification of the requester. In this sense, for example, after access to an online bank account, the confirmation (signature) for executing a money transfer or withdrawal would again be a task for an inventive system.

[0019] The usual embodiments of the access or reference system according to the invention require the use of a crypto wallet (terminal device) as an advertiser. In the usual embodiments, there is the possibility of direct or indirect communication through the exchange of crypto values ​​between the crypto wallet or an equivalent device with the same or similar functionality and an inventive device of the system. The device can then, via an interface with a transmitting and / or receiving function, ensure an exchange of information that is useful or required for the exchange of crypto values ​​with a crypto wallet. In particular, the interface can suitably encode information with or for the inventive device and display it in a suitable form (e.g., QR code), for example, on a screen.Such information can be the wallet address WA of a cryptowallet K, the type of exchanged (sent or received) cryptovalue (e.g., Ether), the quantity (amount) of the exchanged cryptovalue (e.g., 0.1 Ether), etc. This information, used to prepare for the exchange of a cryptovalue, such as a specific amount of cryptocurrency, between a cryptowallet and the system, can be variable. This means that from one transaction to the next, the cryptowallet system offers different information for the transaction, such as a different wallet address (blockchain address) and / or a different amount of cryptocurrency, for example, as a QR code or NFC, etc. Such variation can be managed, for example, by the system varying (rotating) blockchain addresses or by using a random generator for the specified amount.This information must then somehow be found in a database of the system for the inventive evaluation and processing by the system.

[0020] The interface could be equipped with a camera capable of capturing information from a device (hardware) that houses, contains, or executes a crypto wallet (software) and processing it appropriately. For example, capturing information from a suitable coded representation (e.g., QR code, NFT, etc.) and appropriately decoding, evaluating, and processing it.

[0021] The device according to the invention or a part thereof or an interface according to the invention for communication between the cryptowallet and the device according to the invention can be designed as a mobile device or as a stationary device.

[0022] The communication between the access or subscription advertiser, in short advertiser (e.g. cryptowallet), and the device of the system according to the invention can take place on the one hand via a suitable interface for the exchange of important information for an exchange of crypto values, and on the other hand by connection to a suitable network (Internet, blockchain) for the exchange of crypto values ​​(signal).

[0023] Communication with the device according to the invention may also be possible by entering (transmitting) an identifier, for example in the form of a password (TokenID or LicenseID or wallet address or a unique identification derived from these), which preferably represents a unique crypto value (token, e.g. NFT) or a wallet address (e.g. Fig. 4). The transmission of such an identifier can, for example, be carried out by manual entry via a keyboard at a terminal with the aid of an input mask on a screen. The interface can also have or establish an electronic or network connection for the transmission of information between the advertising crypto wallet and a device according to the invention of the system.

[0024] A distinction is preferably made here between at least four types of communication between a device according to the invention and a party providing access and subscription (cryptowallet):

[0025] 1. The exchange of information (transaction parameters, parameters) that are important for a transaction using a blockchain, such as the exchange of a crypto asset, and preferably takes place via a suitable interface between a device according to the invention and a crypto wallet. Such information can be the wallet address of a crypto wallet, the identification code (TokenID) of a unique crypto asset, the type of crypto asset, the quantity of a crypto asset (number of crypto units, amount), etc. They can be presented, for example, as a QR code or another representation for the exchange with a crypto wallet or its technical (physical) implementation (e.g., an app on a smartphone), e.g., via a screen of the device according to the invention.Preferably, this exchange of information prepares a transaction by exchanging a crypto value between a crypto wallet and the device according to the invention.

[0026] 2. The exchange of a signal in the form of a crypto value (transaction) between a device according to the invention and a crypto wallet using a blockchain (blockchain network). For this purpose, the device according to the invention has a suitable technical connection to a blockchain (a blockchain network), preferably via an internet connection. The transfer of a crypto value preferably takes place by transferring a specific amount in a cryptocurrency, which can also represent an access or purchase fee. This crypto value can also be a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT). The wallet address of the crypto wallet can also be transmitted (functionally).

[0027] 3. The input of an identifier, for example in the sense of a password or an order code, which can encode a TokenID (TID) or wallet address, by the requesting party, for example the authorized person of a crypto wallet or a buyer of a good, via a suitable input system (e.g. input mask on a screen of a terminal which is connected to the device according to the invention or is part of such), etc. is conceivable (e.g. Fig. 4).

[0028] 4. The transmission (transfer) of a license in the form of a unique crypto asset from a device according to the invention or a device functionally and technically associated with such an asset to a crypto wallet. Such devices can also be trading or sales platforms for unique crypto assets.

[0029] DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS

[0030] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. The drawings are examples and are intended to illustrate the inventive concept, but in no way restrict it or represent it exhaustively. Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of an access system according to the invention, in which a license in the form of a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) in a crypto wallet K establishes access authorization to an object or a technical system, etc. V1 first transfers the license, preferably as an NFT, to the crypto wallet. V2 receives a crypto value from the crypto wallet, preferably in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency, and V3 analyzes the information to determine whether an NFT, which represents a license for access, is located in the crypto wallet.

[0031] Fig. 2 shows an extended schematic structure of an access system according to the invention, in which a license in the form of a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) in a crypto wallet K establishes access authorization to an object or a technical system, etc., in which the information exchange between the basic elements of the access system and a blockchain is also schematically shown.

[0032] Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the method steps for implementing the method according to the invention when the license with the license ID LID is implemented using a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT), and also schematically depicting the information exchange between the basic elements of the access system and a blockchain. If the TID stored in the system, which corresponds to the license ID (LID), matches the TID determined as a result of the transaction between the crypto wallet and the system, access is granted.

[0033] Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating method steps for carrying out the method according to the invention, for example for determining or establishing a right of ownership, disposal or possession over an object or good in an embodiment with two cryptowallets and an optional device for transmitting a code.

[0034] Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the expansion of the system according to the invention to two crypto wallets, wherein an authorization request is made by transferring a crypto value, for example in the form of an amount of cryptocurrency, from the crypto wallet K1 to the system (transaction T), and the license is in the form of an NFT in another crypto wallet K2. Crypto wallet K1 and the NFT TID(aNFT), as well as the crypto wallet K2, in which the authorizing aNFT is to be located according to the invention, are preferably linked to one another in a database of the system. Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating method steps for implementing the method according to the invention when expanding the system according to the invention to two crypto wallets, when the license is implemented by a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT).The authorization request is made by transferring a crypto value, for example, in the form of a cryptocurrency, from the crypto wallet K1 to the system (transaction) with the license in the form of an NFT with TID(aNFT) in the crypto wallet K2. The crypto wallet K1, the NFT TID(aNFT), and the K2, in which the authorizing aNFT is supposed to be located, are linked in a database of the system.

[0035] WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

[0036] According to the invention, the system comprises a device which can exchange a crypto value (signal) with a crypto wallet K (transaction) by taking over control of the crypto value from the crypto wallet or transferring it to the crypto wallet (Fig. 1, 2, 5).

[0037] The system further comprises a device which can determine the blockchain or wallet address WA of this crypto wallet K, at least after the transaction has taken place (e.g. V2 or V3). The wallet address can be transmitted directly or indirectly to the device according to the invention. Direct means that (functionally) the wallet address is transmitted to the device according to the invention during the transaction (transmission of a signal (crypto value)) or is transmitted to the device according to the invention via an input terminal. Indirect means that the wallet address of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction is (technically) determined or established via suitable access by the device according to the invention to data in or from entries in a blockchain. Interactions with an exchange of data from entries in or from a blockchain with a device according to the invention oran access or reference system according to the invention are preferably represented in the figures by “double arrows”.

[0038] Technically, the wallet address is determined via information that the system or the corresponding device according to the invention generates from the blockchain or from data in or from entries in a blockchain, for example by accessing and reading these and processing them accordingly. In this sense, the blockchain is also a memory or database that the access or reference system according to the invention can access and from which the appropriate information can be generated. Preferably, the device or parts thereof are connected to an electronic network, e.g. the Internet or blockchain, and can thus access databases, technical infrastructure and functions outside the device in the narrower sense (blockchain). A blockchain can also be part of the device according to the invention.

[0039] The transaction process can, for example, take place as follows: When access to an object (e.g. door) is locked, the device according to the invention preferably presents a suitable representation of information (transaction parameters, parameters) via a suitable interface, which can but does not have to be part of the access system, e.g. via a QR code or a character string etc. on a screen or a sheet or via a technical (e.g. electrical or electromagnetic) connection with an authorized device (e.g. cryptowallet), which is necessary for an exchange of a crypto value with a cryptowallet (transaction), and which can be adopted by the cryptowallet, for example by reading it (receiving it).For example, an app on a smartphone running the requested crypto wallet reads a presented QR code using the smartphone's camera function, processes this information, and executes the transaction after confirmation or input by an executing party. The QR code preferably contains information about the blockchain address of the system or the system's crypto wallet, and ideally also the amount to be transferred from the crypto wallet to the system.

[0040] The reverse case, in which the identifier (information) is presented by the requesting crypto wallet and received by the device, is also conceivable. The identifier (information) preferably contains or encodes at least one of the following properties (transaction parameters): wallet address of the participating crypto wallet, the address (wallet address) of the device according to the invention for exchanging the crypto asset, the type of crypto asset to be transferred, the amount of crypto asset to be transferred (amount), a transaction identifier, etc.

[0041] In any case, from a technical point of view, the determination of these properties is primarily based on information that the access or reference system or the corresponding device according to the invention generates from the blockchain or from data in or from entries in a blockchain, for example by accessing them, reading them there, and processing them accordingly. Ideally, the identifier (information) is designed (represented) in such a way that, upon transmission to the crypto wallet or the device, for example by scanning a QR code by the crypto wallet, etc., it already contains all the information for carrying out the inventive exchange of a crypto value (signal, transaction) between the device and the crypto wallet that requests access (e.g.The crypto wallet contains the information (e.g., type of crypto asset, amount of crypto asset, and, if applicable, the wallet address of a participating device or crypto wallet). After reading the identifier, the crypto wallet only needs to confirm the information via a "send" or "receive" function, depending on how the transfer of the crypto asset is agreed upon in the specific system. This is the functional perspective of the process. From a technical perspective, this information is preferably processed via the blockchain.

[0042] Using the information exchanged via the interface (transaction parameters), a transaction (exchange of a crypto value (signal) between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention) is then prepared and executed. The crypto value or control over the crypto value is exchanged between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention during this transaction; it is thus transferred from the crypto wallet to the device according to the invention or vice versa. For this purpose, the device according to the invention is connected to a blockchain or blockchain network, for example, via a suitable internet connection.Subsequently, the device according to the invention uses the blockchain and other (internal) databases to determine important data for deciding whether authorization exists, such as the wallet address of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction, the identification code (TokenID) of a unique crypto value possibly “located” in a crypto wallet, etc.

[0043] Clarification of terms

[0044] By exchanging a crypto asset, preferably in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency, the crypto wallet submits a request to the system to grant or execute a specific right or authorization. For the sake of simplicity, this right or authorization is referred to in this disclosure as a right, authorization, or access authorization.

[0045] The request itself is preferably described as requesting access or purchase or as advertising or requesting.

[0046] Someone who, with the power of disposal over a crypto wallet, seeks the right to exercise a certain right by exchanging a crypto asset in the sense of a transaction with the system, is preferably referred to in this disclosure as an access solicitor or solicitor.

[0047] Using this important data, the device according to the invention determines whether access authorization exists for the cryptowallet requesting access or a purchase. This is preferably done by the device checking whether the cryptowallet requesting access or another cryptowallet defined in the system has a license. This process can be implemented differently depending on the embodiment. Ideally, a unique cryptovalue, namely a token with a unique identification (identification code, TokenID, TID), such as an NFT (Non-Fungible Token), represents the license for exercising an inventive right, such as access to a specific object. In the simplest case, the cryptowallet requesting the exercise, as the cryptowallet defined for this purpose according to the invention, should have the token (NFT) that represents the corresponding license. This unique cryptovalue (e.g.The token (NFT) is generated (“mined”) by a device V1 according to the invention with the aid of a blockchain and stored in a suitable device using a blockchain, where it is available for transfer to a crypto wallet. The token (NFT) must then be (functionally) transferred to a crypto wallet. Depending on the embodiment, this can be the same crypto wallet as the one involved in the transaction requesting the exercise of the right, or a different one. The crypto wallet in which the NFT is to be located according to the invention is determined for the respective embodiment by the system and corresponding entries in a database of the system or in the NFT itself.

[0048] Obtaining the NFT

[0049] The transfer of a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT) to a crypto wallet can, for example, occur when a device V1 according to the invention transfers the NFT to a specific crypto wallet, previously determined in any way, with a specific wallet address. The wallet address of the crypto wallet to which the NFT is to be transferred can be determined beforehand, for example, by exchanging this information in any way. For example, it is conceivable that the wallet address (destination address) of the crypto wallet is transmitted electronically to the device according to the invention. It is also possible for the device V1 according to the invention to offer the NFT for transfer to a crypto wallet via a suitable interface or a corresponding platform (e.g., website on the internet, online shop, trading or sales platform, such as OpenSea, etc.) on the basis of a free acquisition or purchase.Via a corresponding interface, the exchange of information important for this NFT exchange can initially take place between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention (in preparation for the transfer of the NFT). Such information (transaction parameters) can include, for example, the wallet address of the crypto wallet, the identification code (TokenID, TID) of the unique crypto asset, the price for acquiring the NFT, etc. If both parties have the information necessary for transferring the NFT, the NFT can be (functionally) transferred to the crypto wallet. By transferring the NFT to a crypto wallet, a specific amount of cryptocurrency or another crypto asset can also be transferred from the crypto wallet to the device V1 according to the invention, for example, in the case of purchasing the NFT. An NFT is a specific embodiment of a unique crypto asset.However, for ease of reading and unless the context otherwise indicates, NFT is used in this disclosure as a synonym for the general term “unique crypto-asset” or “unique crypto-asset.”

[0050] Depending on the specific implementation, the unique crypto asset (token, e.g. NFT) is located in the advertising (access-promoting) crypto wallet or another (other) one that requests access to a specific object. This generally constitutes a prerequisite for qualification as a license in the form of a unique crypto asset (e.g. NFT) for exercising the corresponding access right through the corresponding crypto wallet.

[0051] Important properties of a device according to the invention

[0052] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain, whether an NFT is under the control of a crypto wallet with a specific wallet address.

[0053] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain, which identification code (TokenID, TID) is assigned to an NFT under the control of a crypto wallet.

[0054] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the blockchain used (according to the invention), whether an NFT in general or a specific NFT defined by its TokenID (TID) has ever been under the control of a crypto wallet with a specific wallet address.

[0055] The device according to the invention can be configured such that, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the (inventive) blockchain used, it can determine the wallet addresses of all crypto wallets in which an NFT with a specific TokenID (identification code, TID) has ever been located. The device according to the invention can be configured such that, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the (inventive) blockchain used, it can determine TIDs of NFTs that have ever been located in a specific crypto wallet.

[0056] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine the wallet address of a crypto wallet with which a signal in the form of a crypto value (transaction), for example as a specific amount of a cryptocurrency, was exchanged with the device according to the invention via suitable access to data in or from entries in the blockchain used (according to the invention).

[0057] The device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it can determine the wallet address of a crypto wallet, which has transmitted a signal in the form of a crypto value (transaction), for example as a specific amount of a cryptocurrency, to the device according to the invention or exchanged it with the latter, via suitable access to data in or from entries in the blockchain used (according to the invention).

[0058] The device according to the invention can have a database, or at least have access to one, which contains at least one direct or indirect identifier (identification code) or identification of the valid or authorized tokens (e.g., NFT) in the sense of a license for exercising a corresponding right. In other words, in certain application forms, the device according to the invention can have a database of valid unique crypto assets (LID), in which those identification codes (TokenID, TID) of unique crypto assets are listed that represent an authorization within the meaning of the invention. The device according to the invention can determine whether an NFT in a crypto wallet was generated or "mined" by or through the specific device according to the invention.

[0059] registration

[0060] In a simple, highly anonymous variant of this embodiment, there is no registration process in the narrower sense. The registration process here merely consists in transferring a unique crypto asset (NFT) according to the invention, which represents a license within the meaning of the invention, from a device V1 according to the invention to a crypto wallet. The device according to the invention then checks, for each transaction (exchange of a signal (crypto asset) between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention), whether a unique crypto asset (license) according to the invention is located in a crypto wallet defined according to the invention, in this embodiment preferably the one involved in the transaction. This can be done with the aid of a database of valid unique crypto assets (LID), in which the NFTs according to the invention, which represent a license, are listed.

[0061] In a further embodiment, in a more detailed and less anonymous, but more personalized registration process, after the NFT has been transferred to or into a crypto wallet defined according to the invention, a transaction, namely the exchange of a signal (amount of a cryptocurrency) between the future requesting crypto wallet and the device according to the invention, can also be provided. After determining, according to the invention, the wallet address of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction and whether a unique crypto asset is located in the crypto wallet involved in the transaction, and if so, which identification code it has, the corresponding entry of the identification code (TID) and, if applicable, also the wallet address WA of the crypto wallet involved in the transaction can then be made in a database of the system (database of valid unique crypto assets, database of valid wallet addresses, etc.).Ideally, the wallet address WA is linked to the TID (LID) in a database DB. In one embodiment, where multiple cryptowallets are involved in the process according to the invention and the cryptowallet (K2) intended to contain the NFT does not match the one involved in the transaction and representing the request authorization (K1), the cryptowallet K1, or its wallet address WA1, is preferably linked to the NFT, or its TID, and the cryptowallet K2, or its wallet address WA2, in a database of the system, preferably following a corresponding verification procedure regarding joint control over both cryptowallets K1 and K2.

[0062] The verification procedure or a corresponding device must be designed in such a way that the system can determine and prove joint control over cryptowallet K1 and cryptowallet K2. This can happen, for example, with or without the system's intervention, if cryptowallet K1 transfers a certain amount of cryptocurrency to cryptowallet K2 in the form of a transaction that leads to an entry in a blockchain, and if cryptowallet K2 transfers a certain amount to cryptowallet K1 in the same way, and / or if both transfer such an amount to the system or receive it from the system, or any combination of these possibilities. The system verifies these processes and ideally links the NFT with cryptowallet K2 in the database DB as a license and with cryptowallet K1 there.

[0063] The device according to the invention can also, if necessary, simply check whether a unique crypto asset (NFT) according to the invention is located in a crypto wallet by determining whether it is an NFT that originates directly or indirectly from the device according to the invention. If the device according to the invention then determines that such an NFT is located in the crypto wallet, the prerequisite for registering the unique NFT as a license is generally met.

[0064] In order for the device according to the invention to be able to determine whether an NFT according to the invention is located in a crypto wallet, the wallet address of the crypto wallet that has exchanged a signal in the form of a crypto value with the device according to the invention is first determined via suitable access to data in or from entries in the used (inventive) blockchain.

[0065] Before the transaction in the form of an exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) between a cryptowallet and a device according to the invention, the exchange of information that is important for the transaction is required in preferred embodiments. This exchange of information preferably takes place via a suitable interface between a device according to the invention and a cryptowallet. Such information can be the wallet address of a cryptowallet, the identification code (TokenID) of a unique cryptovalue, the type of cryptovalue (cryptocurrency), the amount of a cryptovalue (amount in a cryptocurrency), etc. It can be presented, for example, as a QR code or another representation for the exchange with a cryptowallet or its technical (physical) implementation (e.g., an app on a smartphone), e.g., via a screen of the device according to the invention.

[0066] Additionally, it is conceivable that further information may be required for legal or tax reasons, such as proof of a fundamental right. For example, in the case of access to an apartment, that the advertiser is actually the tenant or owner, or in the case of a purchase, that the purchaser is a physician authorized to receive the right. This includes, for example, address, name, date of birth, etc.

[0067] If it is determined with the device according to the invention during this registration process that the unique crypto value (NFT) located in a crypto wallet defined according to the invention establishes a license for access to a location or the exercise of a right, the identification code (TokenID, TID) of this unique crypto value can be entered into a database of the valid unique crypto values ​​of the device according to the invention.

[0068] Process: In a simple embodiment, the system checks for each transaction (exchange of a specific amount of cryptocurrency) between a crypto wallet and a device according to the invention whether a unique crypto asset according to the invention is located in the crypto wallet as a license (NFT). If the device according to the invention then determines through this process that such a license is located in the crypto wallet, the exercise of the requested right is granted.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the system checks for each transaction (exchange of a specific amount of cryptocurrency) between a crypto wallet and a device according to the invention whether a unique crypto asset according to the invention is located as a license (NFT) in a crypto wallet defined according to the invention. If the device according to the invention then determines through this process that such a license is located in this crypto wallet defined according to the invention, the exercise of the requested right is granted.

[0070] In the process by which the device according to the invention determines whether a license, for example in the form of an NFT, is located in a crypto wallet, the wallet address of the crypto wallet that has exchanged a signal in the form of a crypto value with the device according to the invention is first determined via suitable access to data in or from entries in the blockchain used (according to the invention).

[0071] In preferred embodiments, an exchange of a signal (cryptovalue) between a cryptowallet and the device according to the invention is preceded by the exchange of information (transaction parameters) that are important for a transaction using a blockchain, such as the exchange of a cryptovalue. This preferably takes place via a suitable interface between a device according to the invention and a cryptowallet. Such information can be the wallet address of a cryptowallet, the identification code (TokenID) of a unique cryptovalue, the type of cryptovalue (e.g., cryptocurrency or NFT), the quantity of a cryptovalue (number of crypto units, amount), etc. They can, for example, be in the form of a QR code or another representation for the exchange with a cryptowallet or its technical (physical) implementation (e.g., an app on a smartphone).via a screen of the device according to the invention.

[0072] A unique identifier or identity, identification code of unique crypto assets (tokens, e.g., NFTs), TID represents, unless otherwise stated, a TokenID or a representation derived therefrom in this disclosure. The identification code (TID) of those unique crypto assets (tokens, e.g., NFTs) that represent a license for access or purchase according to the invention and that are preferably located in the database of valid unique crypto assets or represented therein, are referred to in this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, as LicenseID (LID). The set of LicenseIDs is therefore a subset of TokenIDs. Their basic properties are therefore the same. They differ only in the fact that LicenseIDs are TokenIDs, which are preferably stored in the database of valid unique crypto assets or represented therein.the database contains the identifier of at least one token (TokenID) which represents the unique identification of the corresponding, valid token (e.g. NFT) (LicenseID).

[0073] Such an identifier (TokenID) is implemented during digital processing, for example, as a sequence of a specific number of bits. The length (number of bits) can vary between the different identifiers. Such identifiers are typically represented today by an alphanumeric character combination. In the case of a device with a system for storing, displaying, or processing signals based on quantum probabilities (e.g., a quantum computer), the identifier preferably contains probability values ​​between 0 and 1.

[0074] In one variant (of this embodiment), the (advertising, requesting) cryptowallet, which, for example, requests access to an object (exercise of a right), exchanges a signal (cryptovalue) with an inventive device of the system using the blockchain in a manner according to the invention (transaction). Functionally, an access- or subscription-advertising cryptowallet exchanges a cryptovalue with an inventive device, for example, by the cryptowallet transferring the cryptovalue to the inventive device, or vice versa.

[0075] After the wallet address of the crypto wallet that has exchanged the crypto value (signal) with the device has been determined according to the invention, as already described, a separate (further) device, which can preferably carry out a suitable analysis of data in or from entries in the blockchain, is used to determine (detect) whether there is any or at least one unique crypto value (token, e.g. NFT) in the advertising crypto wallet. This is preferably done by a device according to the invention accessing data in or from entries in a blockchain in a suitable manner and processing this data according to the invention. If there is such a unique crypto value in the advertising crypto wallet, the device according to the invention of the system ora specific module of the device, preferably using a blockchain, from this or, if applicable, from the several unique crypto value(s) in the crypto wallet, the identification code (TID) is determined or ascertained.

[0076] A device according to the invention then determines whether the identifier or identification (TokenID) of a unique crypto asset (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising crypto wallet can be found in the database of valid unique crypto assets. If this is the case (TID = LID, License ID), i.e., if the identifier or identification code of a unique crypto asset (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising crypto wallet is in the database of valid unique crypto assets, the criterion for access to the object or for obtaining the good in question is deemed to be met, and access is granted, or the acquisition is enabled or executed. In an analogous embodiment, the system checks whether an NFT (TID) listed in the database is located in the crypto wallet that was involved in the transaction or that is linked to this crypto wallet or NFT in the database.

[0077] This can be achieved, as already described in another embodiment or generally, for example, by the device displaying this authorization on a display, such as a screen, or by a signal (e.g., a green light (LED)). This signal informs a person responsible for exercising access authorizations that they may grant access to the customer, passenger, etc., who requested access with the transaction using their crypto wallet, and allow them to pass through. However, the device can also, for example, generate a corresponding technical signal that triggers a corresponding mechanism to open a door that prevents the requested access (e.g., the electromechanical opening of a lock).

[0078] If there is no unique crypto asset in the advertising crypto wallet, or if the TID of the unique crypto asset detected in the advertising crypto wallet is not found in the database of valid unique crypto assets, the corresponding access or acquisition cannot be granted, and either no signal is issued or, for redundancy reasons, a corresponding (negative) signal (e.g., a red light) is issued indicating that the requested access cannot be granted. In this embodiment, a valid unique crypto asset located in the advertising crypto wallet constitutes the license to access an object or to acquire a good (TID = LID). Provided the corresponding database is sufficiently well protected against manipulation by third parties, the access or acquisition system is absolutely secure, and no false access or acquisition can be obtained.The term “NFT” is also used in this disclosure as a synonym for the general phrase “unique crypto asset.”

[0079] At least one of the following steps or one of the following devices is proposed for the implementation of the invention:

[0080] 1. Generation of a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT), preferably by a device according to the invention.

[0081] 2. Registration of at least one NFT as a license to exercise a right, such as access to an event, preferably by entering its TID or a representation of it in a database of the system.

[0082] 3. Transfer of a unique crypto value (e.g. NFT) from a device according to the invention to a crypto wallet K.

[0083] 4. Registration of the NFT transferred to a crypto wallet K as a license for exercising a right, such as access according to the invention, as a valid unique crypto value (license) in the device (system) according to the invention, preferably by entering the TID of the NFT in a database of the system.

[0084] 5. Linking the wallet address WA of a crypto wallet (K) with the TID of an NFT in a database of the system.

[0085] 6. Exchange of information (transaction parameters) via an interface between a crypto wallet (K) and the device according to the invention in preparation for a transaction between the crypto wallet (K) and the device (system) according to the invention. This can be done, for example, by scanning a QR code with the camera of a smartphone on which a crypto wallet (K) is running as an app, and the information, such as the system's blockchain address or the amount of a cryptocurrency, is processed in the QR code or other coding to prepare and execute a transaction. The transaction parameters can also be exchanged via an interface in another technical form (e.g., NFC).

[0086] 7. Executing a transaction by exchanging a signal in the form of a crypto value (transfer of an amount of a cryptocurrency) between a crypto wallet and a device (system) according to the invention.

[0087] 8. Determining the wallet address WA of the crypto wallet involved in a transaction (transfer of an amount of cryptocurrency), preferably via inventive access to a blockchain or to data in or from entries in a blockchain by an inventive device of the system.

[0088] 9. Determine whether the crypto wallet involved in the transaction contains a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT). 10. Deny access according to the invention if the device according to the invention cannot detect a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT) in the access or subscription-promoting crypto wallet involved in a corresponding transaction.

[0089] 11. Determine the unique identification code (TID) of an NFT in a crypto wallet, preferably one involved in a transaction.

[0090] 12. Determine whether an identification code (TID) of an NFT detected in a crypto wallet, detected by the device according to the invention, is listed in the device (system) according to the invention as a license for the exercise of a right according to the invention, for example by the identification code preferably appearing as an entry in a database of the system.

[0091] 13. Refusal of access or purchase according to the invention if an identification code (TID) of a unique crypto value determined by the device according to the invention in an advertising crypto wallet is not qualified (registered) in the device according to the invention as a license for the exercise of a right according to the invention, for example because the identification code does not appear as an entry in a database of valid unique crypto values.

[0092] 14. Granting of access according to the invention or of a reference according to the invention if an identification code (TID) of a unique crypto value determined by the device according to the invention in an advertising crypto wallet (transaction) is qualified (registered) in the device according to the invention as a license for the exercise of a right according to the invention, for example by the identification code appearing as an entry in a database of valid unique crypto values.

[0093] 15. Execution of the access or subscription right associated with the license by activating an effector that technically carries out the exercise of a right according to the invention.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, in addition to or without a transaction, an identification code that is logically uniquely linked to the license (e.g., NFT) or to a specific object, such as the TID of an NFT, a wallet address, a serial number of an object, etc., is transmitted directly or indirectly by the advertiser to a device of the system upon exercise of a right. "Directly" here means that the advertiser transmits the identification code to the device according to the invention, for example, via an input terminal, essentially as a password.

[0095] Indirect means that the device according to the invention obtains the unique identification code from the entry of the transaction in the blockchain, i.e. from the blockchain, by accessing it according to the invention or that it is available, for example, via a database.

[0096] The license (NFT) can be transferred from a storage device V1, which can also be the device for generating the NFT, to the advertiser's cryptowallet K (1 in Fig. 1 or 2). In order for the system according to the invention to be able to determine access authorization, in a specific embodiment, a cryptowallet of the advertiser, in which the license (e.g., NFT) is located in a specific embodiment, or if it is not located therein, as in another embodiment, this cryptowallet must be registered in the system as authorized for the inventive exchange of a cryptovaluta in the form of an inventive transaction.

[0097] In any case, a cryptowallet according to the invention should transmit a signal, for example in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency, to a device V2 according to the invention (2 in Figs. 1, 2). In this case, the wallet address of the advertiser's cryptowallet is at least indirectly available to the device, which serves to control the inventive evaluation and decision as to whether the license (NFT) is located in the advertiser's cryptowallet.

[0098] In the technical sense, no wallet address is transmitted; this can only appear functionally as such if, for example, a part (receiving part) of the device according to the invention is designed similarly or identically to a crypto wallet. Rather, the device according to the invention determines the wallet address by accessing the blockchain or data in or from entries in the blockchain, which can be used as a database by the device according to the invention.

[0099] The license can also be time-limited. When the authorization expires for the advertiser, in one of whose crypto wallets the license (NFT) is located, the token ID of this NFT is simply deleted from the list (database) of valid licenses (NFT) in the system. Therefore, the control device ideally also has a preferably electronic (digital) database that manages the valid licenses. When the identification code (token ID) is transmitted to the control device, the system can also check, upon receipt, whether it is (still) a valid identification code. In this way, temporarily valid authorizations could be repeatedly activated or deactivated as needed, for example by adding or removing the corresponding identification code (token ID) from the list of valid licenses (database) that the device (control device) uses to verify the validity of the licenses.

[0100] The database of valid licenses may be linked to or identical to the database of valid wallet addresses or the database of valid unique crypto assets.

[0101] In a further embodiment, access to an object or purchase of a good is further restricted or specified (personalized) compared to the previous variants by additionally including a database with valid wallet addresses. In addition to the already described criterion of the valid unique crypto value in an advertising crypto wallet in the case of the transmission of any crypto value from the advertising crypto wallet to the device according to the invention or the transmission of a valid unique crypto value from the advertising crypto wallet to the device according to the invention, the criterion is added that this transmission should in each case be made from a valid wallet address.

[0102] In one embodiment, the (advertising) crypto wallet requesting access (exercise of rights) exchanges a crypto value (amount of a cryptocurrency) with an inventive device of the system using a blockchain in the inventive manner in the form of a transaction. After the wallet address of the crypto wallet that exchanged the crypto value with the device has been determined according to the invention, as already described, a device that can preferably carry out a suitable analysis of data in or from information (entries) available in the blockchain is used to determine (detect) whether there is at least one unique crypto value (token, e.g. NFT) in the advertising crypto wallet. If this is the case, the device of the system or a specific module of the device, from this or, if applicable, from the plurality of unique crypto value(s), determines the unique identifier orIdentification (TokenID) is determined. The device or a device according to the invention then determines whether the identifier or identification of the unique crypto value (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising crypto wallet (TokenID) can be found in the database of valid unique crypto values. If this is the case (TokenID = LicenseID), i.e., if the identifier or identification of the unique crypto value (token, e.g., NFT) detected in the advertising crypto wallet is in the database of valid unique crypto values, then one of two necessary criteria for access to the object or for obtaining the good in question is considered to be met.

[0103] Furthermore, the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet is compared with the entries in a database of valid wallet addresses. If the wallet address of the crypto wallet is found in the database, the second of the two criteria for access to the object or for obtaining the good in question is also considered met. If both criteria are met, the order in which both requirements are determined is irrelevant, access is granted or acquisition is enabled. The further process of implementing this approval proceeds as already described.

[0104] Preferably, in a further embodiment, the wallet address WA of the access-promoting cryptowallet, through which the request for exercise of rights (access) is made in the form of a transaction, is linked in a database of the system to the TID of the NFT constituting a license. In a further embodiment, in which two cryptowallets K1 and K2 are used according to the invention under the control of the advertiser, and the NFT is not in the access-promoting cryptowallet K1, but in a cryptowallet K2 specifically designated for this purpose, the wallet address WA of the cryptowallet K1 is linked not only to the TID of the NFT constituting a license, but also to the wallet address WA of the cryptowallet K2, in which the NFT constituting a license is located.

[0105] In a further variant of the embodiment, the advertising (access or purchase advertising) crypto wallet, i.e., the crypto wallet requesting access to an object or the purchase of a good, transmits a unique crypto asset (e.g., NFT) to the device according to the invention. The device according to the invention then determines the identifier or token ID of the unique crypto asset and compares it with the entries in the database of valid unique crypto assets, or vice versa.

[0106] If the identifier (TokenID) matches an entry in the database of valid, unique crypto assets, one of the two criteria for granting access to a (specific) object is considered met. Furthermore, the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet is determined and compared with the entries in a database of valid wallet addresses. If the wallet address of the crypto wallet is found in the database, the second of the two criteria for access to the object or for obtaining the relevant good is also considered met. If both criteria are met, the order in which both requirements are determined is irrelevant, access is granted or acquisition is enabled. The further process and options then correspond to those already described for the case where the criterion is met.

[0107] In a further variant of various embodiments, the advertising party, i.e. the party requesting access or a purchase, transmits an identifier intended to represent a unique crypto value to the device according to the invention not via the communication channel with which the crypto wallet requesting access or a purchase communicates with the device according to the invention, but via an independent, quasi-second communication channel. This can be done, for example, by manually entering a corresponding password (identifier) ​​at a terminal. The password can be arbitrary or part of the token ID of the unique crypto value. It can also be encrypted end-to-end. In any case, a corresponding database for identifying the password as a valid password must then also be available on the device according to the invention.In addition to the primary identifying communication between the crypto wallet and the device according to the invention through the exchange of crypto values, the access or subscription-promoting party additionally transmits information to the system or the device according to the invention via a suitable interface. This information can, in principle, be of any type. For example, a character string of any length, biometric information, information from two-factor identification via an SMS, identifier, etc. It is important that the identifier via two-factor identification is not received on the same technical device on which the crypto wallet is running.

[0108] If the primary identification, which results from the communication between the crypto wallet and the system or device according to the invention through the exchange of crypto assets, was successful, it is ensured that the party who has control over the crypto wallet (the advertiser) is authorized to access or obtain the crypto wallet. Since this control generally only exists for the actual owner of the crypto wallet, provided they handle the private key carefully, it can also be assumed that this is also the party who legitimately requests access or obtain the crypto wallet. By transmitting additional information directly from the advertising party, the probability that the person in control of the wallet is the truly authorized party can be further increased.In addition to verifying authorization by exchanging crypto values ​​between the crypto wallet and the system according to the invention, it is checked whether this additional information, transmitted separately by the advertising party to the device according to the invention via a further communication channel, is stored in a further database according to the invention, which contains the corresponding valid identifiers. Preferably, this database does not directly contain the identifier (TokenID) of a (exchanged) unique crypto value or the wallet address of the advertising crypto wallet, but rather an identifier indirectly linked to it via a database.

[0109] If, for example, the advertising party forwards this identifier to the system, a suitable device according to the invention checks whether or not this identifier is in the corresponding database of valid identifiers according to the invention, and if so, to which valid, unique crypto value or to which valid wallet address this identifier is linked, and whether these correspond to those (valid, unique crypto value or wallet address) that have proven access or purchase authorization via communication between the advertising crypto wallet and the device according to the invention by exchanging a crypto value. The further approval process, if all criteria are met, is as already described. The implementation of hierarchies, namely, the existence of different authorizations, is also conceivable.For example, access to different premises can be granted with one and the same license, or certain licenses and their access authorization can be restricted to specific premises. Different licenses can be represented by different unique crypto assets (NFTs) or by different wallet addresses. Different access to premises can be regulated, for example, by an entry in a database of valid unique crypto assets or a database of valid wallet addresses, which either exists for each access (door), or, if a database of valid unique crypto assets or a database of valid wallet addresses exists to manage an ensemble of multiple accesses, can additionally be linked to one or more entries in a database that manages the corresponding doors (accesses).

[0110] In this way, corresponding access hierarchies can be created. For example, if a specific NFT, whose identifier (TokenID) is linked to each door (access) or is located in the databases of multiple doors, can represent a kind of master key that grants universal access to a facility consisting of several rooms locked by doors. At the same time, it can be used to restrict access to only specific rooms.

[0111] If, for example, an access requestor requires access to various objects that do not have a common logistical or organizational basis, they would require a corresponding access or purchase authorization from each of these issuing bodies in the form of their own (separate) license, e.g., through a different NFT as a license. Thus, one NFT for access 1, such as a safe deposit box in a bank (issued by the bank's access system), and one NFT, for example, for the entrance door to an apartment (issued by a lock manufacturer), etc. The access system then only queries whether the correct license (e.g., NFT) justifying access is in a crypto wallet, over which the requestor has control, according to the invention. However, a device according to the invention is also conceivable in which only one issuing body with only one license for all cases is in a crypto wallet according to the invention that requests access.

[0112] Overall, a device according to the invention can create a universal access system in which an issuing entity provides a unique crypto value (e.g., NFT) as a license for access, which can be transferred to the advertising wallet or to another crypto wallet registered in the system according to the invention. If access is restricted, the access or purchase authorization can be granted by entering the valid wallet addresses or the valid unique crypto values ​​or the valid identifiers (user group) into a database according to the invention. This also applies to access authorizations to other objects. The system or the devices according to the invention must then be expanded to the technical system for managing access to the additional object using the license previously granted for another object or good.The same applies if, instead of or in addition to the unique crypto asset, a wallet address or a unique identifier, or a combination of these, forms the license. The license (unique crypto asset or wallet address) can then be used as a universal key for granting access to a wide variety of objects or for obtaining various goods.

[0113] In addition, a unique password can be assigned to the advertiser.

[0114] An essential aspect of the invention is that the system is designed such that a crypto value, preferably in the form of an amount of a cryptocurrency, can be exchanged between the system and a, preferably external, crypto wallet in the form of a transaction that leads to an entry in the blockchain. Such an exchange can be the transfer of a crypto value from an (external) crypto wallet to the system and / or from the system to an (external) crypto wallet. Ideally, as a request to exercise an authorization, a crypto value (e.g., an amount of a cryptocurrency) is transferred from a crypto wallet K to the system, from which the system according to the invention identifies this crypto wallet K, for example via its blockchain or wallet address WA, using suitable devices that have access to the blockchain used or to data from or in this blockchain.The transfer of the cryptocurrency executes a transaction that results in an (irreversible) entry in the blockchain. The transfer of a crypto asset, for example, in the form of a specific or unspecified amount, between the requesting crypto wallet and the system, is referred to in this disclosure as a transaction. A transaction is considered to occur when it results in an (irreversible) entry in the blockchain.

[0115] In one embodiment, the system according to the invention is preferably designed via suitable interfaces so that components that are already generally available on the market for use, such as certain crypto wallets, certain blockchain networks, certain cryptocurrencies, etc., can be integrated into the functionality of the system according to the invention for performing the task by the user (person requesting access). For this purpose, a common, commercially available crypto wallet from more or less any manufacturer, such as Coinbase, Binance, Metamask, Bitpanda, etc., can be used as the requesting device and receiving device of the system. Furthermore, any suitable cryptocurrency available on the market, such as POL, can be used as the signal. Furthermore, depending on the application, existing blockchain networks available on the market, such as the Ethereum or Polygon network, can be used.Suitable exchanges such as OpenSea or Rareable can be used to create and distribute NFTs. This creates an open system that allows for the integration of existing market components and thus independence from a single central provider. The openness of the system leads to significant technical progress. Because customers are already familiar with many of these components, the system's adoption and thus its economic viability are increased. The correct interaction of such components, preferably already commercially available ones, is ensured by suitable interfaces within the system.As soon as a crypto asset, preferably in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency, has been transferred to the system through a transaction from a suitable crypto wallet, the system determines the crypto wallet K from which the crypto asset (cryptocurrency) was transferred, preferably by accessing the blockchain used or data from this blockchain (e.g., Polygonscan, Etherscan, etc.). The recipient of this signal (cryptocurrency, crypto asset) in the system can again be a commercially available crypto wallet.

[0116] It is then determined from which K the crypto value was transferred to the system, and it is checked whether an inventive NFT representing an inventive authorization is also linked to this crypto wallet K, preferably via its wallet address WA. Ideally, the blockchain network used is designed such that the wallet address (blockchain address) of the NFT managed by a crypto wallet K matches the wallet address WA used when transferring a cryptocurrency amount.

[0117] Typically, the crypto wallets K are identical when the same authority exists over both, for example, access via the same recovery phrase. An important security element is the transfer of a crypto asset (e.g., cryptocurrency) from the crypto wallet K to the system as an authorization request. This triggers a transaction that is stored in the blockchain and can therefore be verified at any time without the intervention of a central authority.

[0118] This can be done either by the system through continuous monitoring of transactions associated with the wallet address WA, or more or less automatically by separate software, either integrated into the system or independent of it, so that for each such transaction involving the wallet address WA, for example, a message is transmitted to inventive components of the system. In addition, in such a case, the system can also transmit another message, for example by SMS, telephone, email, etc., to a suitable recipient. In this way, a compromise of the system or the cryptowallet K can be traced at any time, and appropriate measures can be initiated. This is not possible independently of a central authority with a simple login into the system with the cryptowallet K as an authorization request.This message can also contain a confirmation request sent to a device via an information channel (email, SMS, etc.). Only upon confirmation of this request, for example, by clicking on a link or pressing a button, does the transfer of cryptocurrency become valid for the system. This represents an additional level of security via another independent channel, preventing unauthorized execution in the event of a compromise of the crypto wallet K. The recipients can be specified in a database of the system or in the blockchain linked to one of the NFTs used.

[0119] The security of the system is very well ensured if the crypto wallet K is represented as an app on a smartphone, for example, and the authorization is requested not on a smartphone, but via a computer or another console. This opens a request to transfer a crypto asset. This can be fulfilled, for example, with the help of a QR code displayed there, by reading it via the crypto wallet K running as an app on a smartphone, where a corresponding confirmation action in the app initiates the transfer. Generally speaking, when dealing with crypto wallets K, it is advisable to keep them online as little as possible. This is why cold wallets are preferably used for valuable assets, such as larger amounts of cryptocurrency. These are hardware wallets that are only online for a short time, at most for the duration of a transaction.This is intended to minimize the possibility of compromise through malware such as Trojans, fishing emails, etc.

[0120] In particular, a crypto wallet K should be logged into another application for as short a time as possible. Generally speaking, crypto wallets running as apps on smartphones are extremely secure. However, caution is advised when using a crypto exchange instead of a cryptocurrency, where control over the deposits lies not with the user, as with a crypto wallet, but with the exchange operator. The NFT according to the invention should therefore always be stored under the control of a crypto wallet over which the user has sole control (personal key).

[0121] However, depending on your perspective, the simplest implementation is with only one NFT and one user cryptowallet K. A possible cryptowallet K (K system) integrated into the system is not considered in the cryptowallets K or their number, unless otherwise stated. Only those over which the user has control are considered, since the receipt of the requesting signal (crypto value) does not necessarily have to be done with a (classic) cryptowallet, but can be.

[0122] The simplest implementation variant is the one in which the (single) crypto wallet K, through the transaction of transferring a crypto asset, claims to have a certain authorization (e.g., access). Here, there are several cases that the system must consider, depending on the implementation.

[0123] In the case of general authorization, it is sufficient for the user to have the NFT in their crypto wallet K. They must therefore have previously acquired it, for example, by purchasing it from an NFT platform such as OpenSea, as a kind of entry ticket, and transferred it to their crypto wallet K, thereby placing it under their control. This control is identical to the control they use to submit the transaction requesting the exercise of the authorization (e.g., admission to a museum). They do not require a separate registration in the DB database for their crypto wallet K.However, after a transaction (authorization request) has been completed, in which a crypto value, preferably in the form of a cryptocurrency, has been transferred from the crypto wallet K to the system, the system checks, preferably after determining the wallet address WA of the crypto wallet K, whether an NFT according to the invention is located in the requesting crypto wallet K, for example by comparing the TIDs of NFTs stored in the database DB with the TID in the crypto wallet K. For this purpose, the system preferably determines the wallet address WA of the crypto wallet K, preferably by accessing the blockchain used or data from this blockchain, and determines whether the NFT representing the requested authorization is located in this crypto wallet K with this wallet address WA. If this is the case, the authorization can be exercised.

[0124] In the case of individualized authorization, such as access to a bank account, security can be increased by ensuring that there is only one NFT assigned to this specific user. Unlike the general authorization variant disclosed above, where a potential museum visitor can choose from, say, 50 copies on the platform where they can purchase the NFT (admission ticket), all of which are of equal value, and whose possession establishes the right, for example, to enter the museum, in this case, there is preferably only one NFT that exists only for this user and grants only this user the exercise of a specific right (e.g., access to a bank account). If multiple users (cryptowallets K) require access to the individualized area (e.g., bank account), a separate NFT would have to be executed for each of them.Ideally, this NFT is then linked in the database DB to a unique function of the NFT, such as its TID, as well as to the wallet address WA of a crypto wallet K, to further increase security. This assignment in the database DB must then be completed in a preparatory registration process (assigning individual authorization to a specific user). In other words, security can be further increased through a corresponding registration, through which the authorizing NFT is linked in the database DB, for example via its TID(NFT), to a unique function f(K) of the crypto wallet K that legally acquired the NFT, such as the wallet address WA of the crypto wallet K. If this NFT is then located in the requesting crypto wallet K, which is also the one linked to the authorizing NFT in the database DB, access is granted or the authorization executed.

[0125] This eliminates cases where unauthorized access could be granted by "stealing" the NFT and transferring it to another crypto wallet K. If the NFT, whose unique identifier is preferably stored as a TID in the database DB, is in the requesting crypto wallet K, which the system preferably determines from the transaction via the wallet address WA, and if this matches the crypto wallet K linked to the NFT (TID) in the database DB, then, in a specific embodiment, authorization is granted.

[0126] It is also conceivable that the authorizing (inventive) NFT in the assigned cryptowallet K contains, alternatively or in addition to the entry in the system's database DB, a self-reference to the cryptowallet K, for example in the form of the wallet address WA of the cryptowallet K, which can no longer be changed in the blockchain. In this case, the system would first check, using a suitable device according to the invention, upon request, whether the NFT is correctly located in the requesting cryptowallet K. For example, by determining the wallet address WA of the requesting cryptowallet K from the transaction (transfer of a crypto asset to the system) by accessing the blockchain used or data from this blockchain and checking whether an NFT with the TID, as stored in the database DB as an authorized NFT (license), is present in this cryptowallet K.Additionally or alternatively, the system can check whether the (self-referenced) cryptowallet K referenced in the NFT in the cryptowallet K, for example, by its wallet address WA, matches the cryptowallet K or wallet address WA in which the NFT is actually located. If both are the case, i.e., the NFT is located in the cryptowallet K that is also referenced in the NFT, and if this is the cryptowallet K that requested the exercise of the authorization via the transaction, the system grants the right to exercise the authorization (e.g., access).

[0127] The queries for referencing in the NFT can be implemented in the form of a small query program in the NFT (e.g., smart contract) or an entry in the NFT or in the system. The identification of a cryptowallet K is defined by a unique identification f(K) of this cryptowallet K. This unique identification f(K) can be the blockchain or wallet address WA of the cryptowallet K. For the entire disclosure, it is hereby specified that when the wallet address WA is used to identify the cryptowallet K, any other identification f(K) can also be meant.

[0128] A system according to the invention has at least one of the following devices:

[0129] Crypto wallet K, which is preferably represented by a blockchain or wallet address WA as a unique characterization f(K) of the crypto wallet K in the system. This crypto wallet K is preferably a commercially available crypto wallet K that enables the exercise of control over entries in a blockchain. The crypto wallet K is preferably implemented as an application (app) on a smartphone or as a program on a commercially available computer or on the Internet, for example, as an extension in a browser. Examples of established providers of commercially available crypto wallets include Metamask, Coinbase, Binance, etc. Entries in a blockchain over which control can be exercised with the crypto wallet K are preferably amounts of cryptocurrency (fungible tokens) and / or unique elements such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs).A crypto wallet K is therefore preferably any device that is suitable for exercising control over crypto assets such as cryptocurrency and / or NFT, whereby in particular the sending and receiving of such crypto assets should be possible via the crypto wallet.

[0130] A unique and unambiguous cryptographic element, preferably represented as a non-fungible token (NFT) in a blockchain. Such an NFT is preferably designed to be generated (mined) on a commercially available platform and transferred to the control of a crypto wallet K. Such an NFT is preferably designed to be traded on a commercially available platform or transferred from the control of one crypto wallet K to the control of another crypto wallet K. The NFT is preferably designed to contain certain entries, for example as references to crypto wallets in the form of wallet addresses WA or NFTs in the form of unique token identifications (TIDs) or other types such as telephone numbers that can be read by a suitable program.Preferably, the NFT is designed in such a way that it itself has executable programs that can be executed under certain conditions. Examples of commercially available platforms that enable the creation and trading of NFTs are OpenSea, Rareable, etc. Blockchain with entries via which a crypto wallet K according to the invention can exercise control over entries in this blockchain. Preferably, the blockchain is designed in such a way that it has a cryptocurrency assigned to it, via which control over certain amounts of this cryptocurrency can be exercised using a crypto wallet K according to the invention. Preferably, the blockchain is designed in such a way that it enables, directly or indirectly, control over entries that are assigned to NFTs or correspond to or represent NFTs via a crypto wallet K. Preferably, the blockchain according to the invention is a commercially available blockchain.Examples of commercially available blockchains in this sense include the Ethereum network, the Polygon network, etc.

[0131] A cryptocurrency that is assigned to a blockchain and through which control over certain amounts of this cryptocurrency can be exercised using a crypto wallet K according to the invention. This is preferably a commercially available cryptocurrency of a commercially available blockchain. Examples of commercially available cryptocurrencies in this sense include Ether (ETH), MATIC, POL, etc.

[0132] Database DB in which at least one unique characterization f(K) of a cryptowallet K, for example in the form of the wallet address WA of the cryptowallet K, or a unique characterization of an NFT, for example as a TID(NFT) in the form of its TID, can be stored (entered). The database DB is preferably designed such that a cryptowallet K can be (logically) linked to another cryptowallet K in the database DB via the entries of their wallet addresses WA. The database DB is preferably designed such that the TID of an NFT according to the invention can be entered into the database DB as a TID(NFT) and can be (logically) linked to the wallet address WA of a K, or vice versa. The database DB is preferably designed such that it can record and link different entries, such as wallet addresses WA of cryptowallets K, TID(NFT)s, telephone numbers, names, email addresses, etc., with one another. The database DB is preferably designed as an electronic or.A digital database that can store and (logically) link digital data, whereby the corresponding data of or in the database DB can be processed in a computer system, on the Internet, or in a blockchain, depending on the implementation. The database DB is preferably implemented as a computer program or as program code (smart contract) of or in a cryptographic token (e.g., NFT) of a blockchain. The database DB is preferably implemented as a commercially available database for storing and linking electronic or digital data.

[0133] A device that can read entries from the database DB and process them with a suitable program on a computer, on the Internet, or in the blockchain. This device can preferably read data from the database DB via its program, calculate this data and its linkage with other data in the database DB or with data from a blockchain or from entries in a blockchain according to a specific program flow (algorithm), and transfer the results of this calculation to other devices in the system, ideally via a suitable interface.

[0134] A device enabling a registration process in which information important for the inventive function of the invention can be transmitted to the system by entering data according to the invention, preferably via an input mask on a computer or smartphone. Preferably, this data can be entered, at least partially, into a database DB by the device in a manner according to the invention and thus logically linked. Such data can be, for example, wallet addresses WA of crypto wallets K, TID (NFT), names, telephone numbers, numbers, letters, email addresses, etc.

[0135] Device that can extract (read) and / or process information (data) from entries in the blockchain directly via access to the blockchain used or indirectly via data in or from this blockchain (e.g. Etherscan) and can transfer data or information from these entries (such as wallet address WA or TI D) to another device in the system for further processing via a suitable interface if necessary. Such information or data from entries in a blockchain is preferably extracted from the blockchain by this device according to certain specifications. For example, the device can determine whether an NFT is located in a specific crypto wallet K and, if applicable, which TID it has and transfer this information to another device in the system if necessary.For example, the device can determine whether a specific NFT with the TID(NFT), which is linked in the database DB to a specific crypto wallet K via its wallet address WA, is located in this crypto wallet K and, if necessary, transfer this information to another device in the system. For example, the device can determine the information in which crypto wallet K, defined by the wallet address WA, a specific NFT with the TID(NFT) is located and, if necessary, transfer this information to another device in the system.

[0136] A device that can read data entered in and linked to the database DB and compare it (logically) with data not read from the database DB for consistency. Preferably, the data not read from the database DB are entries in a blockchain that were extracted directly or indirectly from the database by a device according to the invention. Preferably, the result of a data comparison is represented in the system's program sequences as true or false, or as logical 1 or logical 0, according to Boolean algebra, and this result (information) is transferred, if necessary, to another device in the system, such as an effector, via a suitable interface.

[0137] An “effector” device which, depending on data transmitted to the effector and on processes according to the invention, executes real-world action sequences. For example, if a logical 1 is transmitted to the effector by another device in the system, access to certain data on a computer, internet, or blockchain (e.g., bank account, museum, event, house entrance, locker, etc.) can be granted by the effector, and if a logical 0 is transmitted to the effector, access can be denied. For example, if a logical 1 is transmitted to the effector by another device in the system, the execution of a certain program sequence on a computer, internet, or blockchain (e.g., transferring a certain amount from one bank account to another, etc.) can be enabled, and if a logical 0 is transmitted to the effector.

[0138] A device capable of receiving a crypto value sent from a crypto wallet, preferably as an amount in a cryptocurrency in the form of a transaction in the blockchain that leads to a corresponding entry in the blockchain. This device can be embodied as a crypto wallet K and integrated into the system as such. This device is preferably embodied as a commercially available crypto wallet K. Ideally, this device can also send such a crypto value to a crypto wallet.

[0139] A device capable of sending a crypto value to a crypto wallet, preferably as an amount in a cryptocurrency in the form of a transaction in the blockchain, which leads to a corresponding entry in the blockchain. This device can be embodied as a crypto wallet K and integrated into the system as such. This device is preferably embodied as a commercially available crypto wallet K.

[0140] Device that can determine whether a transfer of a specific or unspecified amount of cryptocurrency (transaction) to a specific crypto wallet K or to the system has taken place. This device can transmit the information that such a transaction has taken place via a suitable interface to another device in the system, which then determines the wallet address WA of the crypto wallet K that sent the amount of cryptocurrency (sender K, sender WA), thus initiating the transaction. Preferably, the device E itself determines the wallet address WA of the crypto wallet K that initiated the transaction (sender of the amount of cryptocurrency) via a program sequence according to the invention and by accessing the participating blockchain or data from the blockchain. Preferably, the device E transmits the determined wallet address WA of the crypto wallet K (sender of the amount of cryptocurrency) to another device.For example, in certain cases, it can determine whether an NFT is located in the sender crypto wallet K with the sender wallet address WA and, if so, what its TID is. A TID thus determined is then compared, preferably via a comparison device, with the entries in the database DB to determine whether the TID of the NFT in the sender crypto wallet K matches a valid TID entry in the database DB. If this is the case, this information can be passed to an effector, which can then trigger a corresponding reaction in the real world.

[0141] A device suitable for reading certain data (information) that is inscribed in an NFT and can be used to fulfill the inventive task, by accessing the blockchain or an NFT, and processing it in the system according to the invention. This information preferably includes blockchain or wallet addresses, such as wallet address WA1 or wallet address WA2, token IDs of licenses (LID) or NFTs (TID), such as TID(aNFT), telephone numbers, names, email addresses, etc. The device preferably transfers this information via a suitable interface to another device in the system, such as VGL, which compares this information with corresponding data from other NFTs or from a database DB.

[0142] Device for generating an NFT (unique crypto asset). In a specific embodiment, the device can be configured to also allow certain data to be written into the NFT. This data is preferably wallet addresses WA of crypto wallets K and / or TIDs of NFTs and / or telephone numbers, names, email addresses, etc. This device is preferably a commercially available platform for generating NFTs. Examples of such platforms include OpenSea or Rarebale. It is also conceivable that this data is written into the NFT by another device only after it has been generated.

[0143] A device suitable for writing specific data (information, references) into an NFT that can be used by the system to fulfill the inventive task. This information preferably includes blockchain or wallet addresses, such as wallet address WA1 or wallet address WA2, token IDs of licenses (LID) or NFTs (TID), such as TID(aNFT), telephone numbers, names, email addresses, etc. The device preferably transfers this information via a suitable interface to another device in the system, such as VGL, which compares this information with corresponding data from other NFTs or from a database DB.

[0144] To further increase security, despite the very high security standards for smartphones and crypto wallets, one embodiment proposes using additional devices such as 1, 2, or even 3 crypto wallets K and 1, 2, or even 3 NFTs under certain conditions for the system (Figs. 5, 6). This allows security risks and the possibility of compromise and, if necessary, misuse to be virtually eliminated, while still keeping the system as simple as possible. For this purpose, references and self-references and / or smart contracts can be written into the NFTs or the system software in the form of program code or executable software. This also creates the possibility of creating a system that is as decentralized as possible and independent of a central authority, over which the authorized party (advertiser) has almost complete control.

[0145] When using more than one crypto wallet K where the authorization request is made with a wallet address WA1, but the blockchain address of the NFT is different (wallet address WA2), the authorization request can, if necessary, for example if the target and the sender use the same smartphone, be made not only by transferring a crypto value (cryptocurrency) to the system, but also by logging the crypto wallet K into the system with K1.

[0146] The use of more than one cryptowallet K by the user also creates the possibility of creating a system that is as decentralized as possible and independent of a central authority, over which the user has almost complete control. This is because even if cryptowallet K1 is compromised, there is no access to cryptowallet K2 and thus to the NFT, especially if cryptowallet K2 is a hardware wallet that is practically never connected to the internet. This is particularly useful if the NFT contains entries or even executable programs (smart contracts), for example, if these were integrated into the NFT during the minting process, which point to an information channel and corresponding target addresses (phone number for SMS, email address, etc.).) and send a message when called or checked, either just to inform that an authorization request is taking place, or to confirm (by "push at a button" or executing a link) that this authorization request is correct.

[0147] In one embodiment (Fig. 5), a crypto wallet K1 with the wallet address WA1 is used to transfer the crypto asset (cryptocurrency) to the system (transaction) or, under certain conditions, to log into the system to request access or withdrawal (authorization request). In the following, only the transfer of the crypto asset from the crypto wallet K1 to the system is described as a request for the exercise of rights. However, it is agreed here that this can preferably also mean logging the crypto wallet K1 into the system.

[0148] In a second cryptowallet K2, an NFT is to be stored as an authorization NFT (aNFT). This is the NFT that represents the authorization to exercise a specific right (e.g., access). The existence of an authorization NFT (aNFT) or an authorization NFT (aNFT) in a specific cryptowallet K2 with wallet address WA2 is proof of authorization to exercise the authorization, e.g., the corresponding access. Preferably, the cryptowallet K1 is then linked in the database DB via its wallet address WA1 to the authorization NFT (aNFT) via its TID and / or to the cryptowallet K2 via its wallet address WA2. Preferably, authorization is only granted if the authorization NFT (TID) (aNFT) is located in the cryptowallet K2 (WA2) that is linked to the cryptowallet K1 (WA1) in the database DB, and the transaction, i.e., the transfer of a cryptocurrency, originates from this cryptowallet K1 (WA1).The authorization NFT aNFT can also contain at least one reference to cryptowallet K1, for example, via its wallet address WA1 and / or cryptowallet K2, for example, via its wallet address WA2 and / or the authorization NFT aNFT via its TID(aNFT). Then, in the database DB, the cryptowallet K1 needs to be linked at least either to the cryptowallet K2 or to the authorization NFT aNFT. Ideally, the authorization NFT aNFT references both the cryptowallet K1 (WA1), the cryptowallet K2 (WA2), and the aNFT (TIF(aNFT)), which increases the redundancy and thus the security of the system. If a discrepancy occurs between the entries in the database DB and the references in the authorization NFT aNFT during the inventive execution of the request (transaction) by the system, authorization (access) cannot be granted.In a specific implementation variant, preferably after an appropriate verification of the data, the entries in the database DB are overwritten by the references in the authorization NFT aNFT.

[0149] It can also contain (be linked to) program code or executable software, for example in the form of a smart contract, to execute certain specified processes. The authorization NFT aNFT can also contain or be linked to information that references a receiving point of an information channel, such as a telephone number, email address, etc. When the authorization NFT aNFT is "called," for example, a smart contract assigned to it can send a message via the information channel to a corresponding receiving point. This can also be handled by the system or another (third-party) instance. In a specific variant of this embodiment, the wallet address WA1 of the crypto wallet K1, from which the cryptocurrency was transferred or the authorization request originates, is linked to the wallet address WA2 of the crypto wallet K2, i.e., the blockchain address of the authorization NFT aNFT, in a corresponding database of the system.This is to determine whether cryptowallet K1 is an authorized, requesting cryptowallet K and where the associated NFT (authorization NFT aNFT) should be.

[0150] In a further variant of this embodiment, the wallet address WA1 of the crypto wallet K1, from which the cryptocurrency was transferred or from which the authorization request originates, is linked in a corresponding database DB of the system with the unique identification of the authorization NFT aNFT that establishes the authorization, e.g., token ID or TID. Upon request to exercise the authorization (authorization request) by transferring the crypto value from the crypto wallet K1 to the system (or, if applicable, logging the crypto wallet K1 into the system), the system determines the wallet address WA1 and, preferably by accessing a database of the system, determines which TID or wallet address WA2 this wallet address WA1 or f(K1) is assigned to.The system then checks whether there is an authorizing NFT aNFT in the wallet address WA2 (execution variant) or whether wallet address WA2 is the wallet address WA of an authorizing NFT aNFT (whether cryptowallet K2 contains an NFT) (execution variant) that represents the authorization.

[0151] Ideally, in the system's database DB, both the TID(aNFT) and the wallet address WA2 are linked to the registered crypto wallet K1 via wallet address WA1.

[0152] The system then either searches for the wallet address WA2 of the cryptowallet K2 assigned to the wallet address WA1 in the database DB and checks via the TID(aNFT) in the database DB whether the authorization NFT aNFT with this TID(aNFT) is located there, or the system searches for the cryptowallet K or wallet address WA in which the authorization NFT aNFT with the TID(aNFT) as linked in the database DB to the cryptowallet K1 or wallet address WA1 is located and compares this with the cryptowallet K2 or wallet address WA2 that is linked to the cryptowallet K1 or wallet address WA1 in the database DB. If the authorization NFT aNFT with the TID(aNFT), which is linked in the database DB via its TID to cryptowallet K1 or wallet address WA1 and the cryptowallet K2 or wallet address WA2, is located in the corresponding cryptowallet K2 or wallet address WA2, the authorization is granted or access is granted.

[0153] In another embodiment, the authorization NFT aNFT contains a reference to the cryptowallet K2 or wallet address WA2 in which it is to be located. Then, in the system's database DB, the cryptowallet K1 or wallet address WA1 only needs to be linked to the TID of the authorization NFT aNFT, namely TID(aNFT). The system then searches for the cryptowallet K2 or wallet address WA2 in which the authorization NFT aNFT is located and checks whether this matches the one referenced in the authorization NFT aNFT assigned to the wallet address WA1 in the database DB.

[0154] In another variant of the embodiment, the authorization NFT aNFT contains a reference to the wallet address WA1, which was written into it during the minting process and is permanently linked to it. The system or a program (computer program) or executable software assigned to the authorization NFT aNFT or written into the authorization NFT aNFT (embedded in the authorization NFT aNFT, for example, in the form of a smart contract) can then check whether the assigned wallet address WA1 actually exists in the system's database at the location where it is supposed to be stored. If this is the case, authorization can be granted in a variant of the embodiment. This can be executed via a corresponding program in the system or, for example, a smart contract in the authorization NFT aNFT.If this is not the case, there is a suspicion that someone has tampered with the DB database by illegally moving the NFT to another crypto wallet K1, and then entering its wallet address WA1, linked to the TID (aNFT), into the DB database. Therefore, if the wallet address WA1 registered in the NFT (aNFT) does not match the one in the DB database, which is linked to the authorization NFT (aNFT), authorization will not be granted.

[0155] This makes centralized manipulation impossible by mapping wallet address WA1 to the TID or wallet address WA2 in the system's database. The system is thus completely decentralized, and even the central database elements are tied to the decentralized data and cannot be manipulated by any central authority.

[0156] Similarly, the wallet address WA2 or the wallet address WA1 or the TID of the authorization NFT aNFT can be referenced in the authorization NFT aNFT in this way. Then, via a corresponding program flow (e.g., smart contract), the assignment of wallet address WA2 or wallet address WA1 or the TID of the authorization NFT aNFT (TID(aNFT)) is also fixed in the system's database via the reference in the authorization NFT aNFT, and a transfer of the authorization NFT aNFT to another crypto wallet K or manipulation of the database DB is also impossible. If the data listed in the system's database is consistent with the data (references) in the authorization NFT aNFT, i.e., in agreement, authorization can be granted. This can be executed via a corresponding program in the system or, for example, a smart contract in the authorization NFT aNFT.With this implementation variant, cryptowallet K1 can remain online without significant risk to the system. It only contains a limited amount of cryptocurrency. Cryptowallet K2 never needs to be online, except in the one-time installation case, and therefore can practically not be compromised. If K1 is compromised and an unauthorized request is made to execute an authorization, this would be evident to the authorized party from the blockchain. If, for example, the cryptowallet K1 in the database DB did not match the cryptowallet K1 referenced by an entry in the NFT, this would raise the suspicion that someone in the database DB had exchanged the cryptowallet K1, which is linked there to cryptowallet K2 and the NFTs it contains, for another one in order to gain unauthorized access. However, this access cannot then be granted.Rather, it is possible to perform an auto-correction in the database DB by overwriting the wallet address WA1 in the database DB, which should be linked to the correct wallet address WA2 and the correct TID of the authorization NFT aNFT but is not, with the wallet address WA1 that is correctly referenced in the corresponding NFT.

[0157] If, for example, the wallet address WA2 in the database DB does not match the one written in the NFT (aNFT), there is a suspicion that the NFT was illegally moved from the correct cryptowallet K2 with the wallet address WA2 as written in the NFT to another cryptowallet K2, which is indeed difficult to imagine and access cannot be granted.

[0158] In one implementation variant, the database DB preferably only requires a link between wallet address WA1 and TID(aNFT) or between wallet address WA1 and wallet address WA2 if references to the authorization NFT aNFT, for example, via its TID, or to the cryptowallet K1, for example, via its wallet address WA1, or to the cryptowallet K2, for example, via the wallet address WA2, are entered in the authorization NFT aNFT. Preferably, the wallet address WA1 in the database DB is linked to TID(aNFT), i.e., the TID of the authorization NFT aNFT, which represents the authorization, and the correct cryptowallet K1 (WA1), cryptowallet K2 (WA2), and authorization NFT aNFT (TID(aNFT)) are referenced in the authorization NFT aNFT. This would allow the system to be implemented in an absolutely secure and error-free manner.If the reference to just one of these variables in the authorization NFT aNFT does not match the data determined by the system from the blockchain or the database DB, there would be suspicion of some kind of manipulation, and authorization (access) cannot be granted. Authorization (access) can only be granted if there is consistency between the references in the authorization NFT aNFT and the data determined by the system from the blockchain or the database DB. For further support, a corresponding message about access could be sent to the receiving points (e.g., the smartphone running the crypto wallet K1) referenced in the authorization NFT aNFT. If the K1 is compromised, access, or at least further access, must be prevented.This can be achieved most easily by moving the authorization NFT aNFT to another crypto wallet K, i.e., by having a different WAIIet address. Finally, the system can be reset by using a new crypto wallet K1 (wallet address WA1) to transfer the crypto value as an authorization request and creating (mining) a new authorization NFT aNFT with the changed data and references.

[0159] In the event of an error or manipulation, no unlawful access would be granted, but it may be necessary to reinstall the system for the individual case.

[0160] In order to avoid the necessary change of the authorization NFT aNFT in the event of such a discrepancy, a further embodiment proposes the use of another NFT, an assignment NFT (zNFT):

[0161] This assignment NFT zNFT takes over the references or at least one reference of the authorization NFT aNFT in a different embodiment, for example the reference to at least one of the following information: crypto wallet K1, crypto wallet K2, crypto wallet K3, TID(aNFT), TID(zNFT), telephone number, email address, etc. The authorization NFT aNFT then preferably only contains one reference to the assignment NFT zNFT, such as its wallet address WA or TID(zNFT), but can also contain other references that the assignment NFT zNFT could contain if necessary. The blockchain address of the assignment NFT zNFT can also be wallet address WA2 like that of the authorization NFT aNFT or that of a third crypto wallet K3, namely WA3. If the data is in the database DB of the system (e.g.If the authorization NFT (aNFT, aNFT, WA1, WA2, TID(aNFT)) matches the references in the authorization NFT (aNFT) and the assignment NFT (zNFT), and the transaction is made through the correct crypto wallet (K1), i.e., the system is consistent. The desired authorization can be granted if the authorizing NFT (aNFT) exists and is correctly located. This can be executed via a corresponding program in the system or in the authorization NFT (aNFT) or in the assignment NFT (zNFT), such as a smart contract in the authorization NFT (aNFT) or assignment NFT (zNFT). The assignment NFT (zNFT) references at least the crypto wallet (K1), i.e., wallet address WA1. It is then very easy to switch to a new crypto wallet (K1) by exchanging an assignment NFT (zNFT) or to reset the system in the event of an error or misuse.In both of the above-mentioned embodiments, it is also possible to grant authorization to multiple authorized parties by having either the authorization NFT aNFT or the assignment NFT zNFT reference multiple crypto wallets K1. It is also conceivable that an assignment NFT zNFT with their respective crypto wallets K1 exists for each authorized party. The system or the smart contract in the authorization NFT aNFT must then check whether one of the assignment NFT zNFTs available in crypto wallet K2 (WA2) or crypto wallet K3 (WA3) references the wallet address WA1 transmitted by the system to the smart contract in the authorization NFT aNFT, which originates from the transaction of the crypto asset from crypto wallet K1 to the system. If this is the case, the desired authorization can be granted.If the assignment NFT is a zNFT in cryptowallet K3 and the authorization NFT is aNFT in cryptowallet K2, then if cryptowallet K1 is compromised, only the assignment NFT zNFT in cryptowallet K3 needs to be exchanged for a new assignment NFT zNFT with the new cryptowallet K1. The actual authorization NFT (authorization NFT aNFT) thus always remains offline.

[0162] With this system, an authorized person has complete control over their access, security, and procurement system and no longer requires a central authority. The system can be built on open source code, so that full control is also maintained over the system. In this way, the system can not only regulate authorization but also enable the creation of NFTs (minting) by the authorized person, including the smart contracts imprinted on them to carry out the authorization check. So the authorized person preferably only needs to ensure that they have the crypto wallet K1, K2, and possibly K3. In this embodiment, they can create an NFT without using an assignment NFT (zNFT) but only an authorization NFT (aNFT), for example.Log into the system with the cryptowallet K2 and then, using the system's minting device (software) and specifying wallet addresses WA1, WA2 and, if applicable, a telephone number or email address, have the authorization NFT aNFT minted according to a defined procedure and in accordance with the process and criteria of the authorization check, including the smart contract provided for this purpose. The same applies, of course, analogously if an assignment NFT zNFT is also used. To mint the assignment NFT zNFT, the authorized user logs into the system with the cryptowallet K2 or K3, depending on which wallet address (WA2 or WA3) the assignment NFT zNFT should have, and mints the authorization NFT aNFT by specifying at least the wallet address WA1 or, optionally, further references and data (e.g.The authorization NFT (aNFT) is minted using a minting device of the system (wallet address WA2, wallet address WA3, ID(zNFT), ID(aNFT), phone number, email address, etc.) to create the assigned NFT (zNFT) in crypto wallet K2 or K3. The authorization NFT (aNFT) is minted using a minting device of the system, specifying at least the ID(zNFT) or the wallet address WA of the assigned NFT (zNFT) (WA2 or WA3) and optionally additional data and references, as well as a corresponding smart contract.

[0163] The system can also be designed such that the database DB is implemented by entries in unique crypto assets (e.g., NFTs), and these reference crypto assets (e.g., aNFTs). For example, the assignment NFT zNFT with corresponding references can also be located in crypto wallet K1. Thus, after determining crypto wallet K1 from the transaction, all relevant information about crypto wallet K1, K2, K3, or K4, or the authorization NFT aNFT, depending on the implementation variant, can be obtained from these reference entries in the assignment NFT zNFT in crypto wallet K1 for their inventive processing.

[0164] This enables a secure, self-referencing and decentralized access, security, identification and reference system that is completely independent of a central authority and does not require a central authority.

[0165] Below, some conceivable variants of these embodiments are presented in more detail and concretely. Their design elements, like all those in this disclosure, are interchangeable and can be combined as desired to create new variants. The processes depicted, for example in the form of method steps, are not necessarily to be performed in the order shown—they can be performed in any order:

[0166] Preferably, the cryptowallet K1 with the blockchain address (wallet address) WA1 is registered in the system as a concrete implementation of the unique characterization f(K1) of the cryptowallet K1 by including the wallet address WA1 in the database DB of the system.

[0167] The system, in its various embodiments and variants, can perform one or more of the following steps (method steps) without specifying a sequence:

[0168] 1. Creation of a crypto wallet K1 with wallet address WA1

[0169] 2. Creation of a crypto wallet K2 with wallet address WA2

[0170] 3. Mint an authorization NFT aNFT, preferably with wallet address WA2 (in K2) or WAI (in K1) as a reference entry.

[0171] 4. The aNFT references, preferably via an entry such as a smart contract in the aNFT, at least one of the following data: WA1, WA2, WA3, TID(aNFT), TID(zNFT), telephone number, email address. 5. Registering K1 or WA1 in a database DB of the system as a reference for a valid wallet address WA, from which a crypto asset (cryptocurrency) can be legitimately transferred to the system as an access request.

[0172] 6. Registration of the unique identifier of the aNFT (ID(aNFT)) and / or the WA2 in a database DB of the system

[0173] 7. Linking the entry in the database DB for WA1 with the entry in the DB for ID(aNFT) or WA2

[0174] 8. Request to grant authorization through a transaction in the form of a transfer of a crypto value from K1 with the WA1 to the system, which leads to an entry in the blockchain or logging into the system with K1.

[0175] 9. Determine the wallet address WA1 from the transaction or logging into the system.

[0176] 10. Determination of the authorization NFT aNFT (TID(aNFT) or WA2) linked to WA1 in the DB

[0177] 11. If the authorization NFT aNFT exists as referenced in the DB, the authorization is granted.

[0178] 12. If the authorization NFT aNFT exists with the WA2 and / or the ID(aNFT) as referenced in the DB, the authorization is granted.

[0179] 13. Determine whether the reference to WA1 in the aNFT matches the WA1 linked to the aNFT in the database.

[0180] 14. If the agreement is reached according to point 13, the authorization is granted and preferably executed according to a program flow of a smart contract in the aNFT.

[0181] 15. Determine whether the reference to WA2 in the aNFT matches the WA of the aNFT.

[0182] 16. If there is agreement according to point 15, the authorization is granted and preferably executed according to a program flow of a smart contract in the aNFT.

[0183] 17. If the agreement is reached according to points 13 and 15, the authorization is granted and preferably executed according to a program flow of a smart contract in the aNFT.

[0184] 18. Minting a zNFT with WA2 (in KA2) preferably with reference entries

[0185] 19. zNFT references, preferably via a smart contract in the aNFT, at least to WA1 and optionally to one of the following data: WA2, WA3, TID(aNFT), TID(zNFT), telephone number, email address.

[0186] 20. aNFT references at least to zNFT (ID(zNFT) preferably via smart contract in aNFT and optionally to at least one of the following data: WA1, WA2, WA3, TID(aNFT), TID(zNFT), telephone number, email address.

[0187] 21. Determine whether the zNFT, as referenced in the aNFT, exists and whether the WA1 referenced in the zNFT matches the WA1 linked to the aNFT in the database, and whether the transaction originates from the referenced K1. 22. If the condition according to 21 is met, the authorization is granted and preferably executed via a smart contract on the aNFT or zNFT.

[0188] 23. Creation of a K3 with WA3

[0189] 24. Minting a zNFT with WA3 (in K3) preferably with reference entries with at least one of the following data: WA1, WA2, WA3, TID(aNFT), TID(zNFT), telephone number, email, name, etc.

[0190] 25. Transaction involving the transfer of a crypto asset from the system to a crypto wallet, preferably an external crypto wallet, such as K1, K2, K3 or K4.

[0191] 26. Counter transaction by sending a crypto value, preferably in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency from the system to a Kryprowallet K

[0192] If the K1 is compromised, any misuse of the authorization can be easily traced and corrected.

[0193] It is also important to emphasize again that between the individual components that interact with the system and with each other in the sense of the invention, corresponding suitable and inventive interfaces in the system with these components or at least one or more of these components such as crypto wallet K1, K2, K3, blockchain, database DB, cryptocurrency, amount of a cryptocurrency, NFT trading platform, NFT purchase, NFT generation, NFT description, references in NFT, NFT registration, data in NFT, blockchain data, programs or program codes in NFT, smart contract in NFT, etc.

[0194] Another problem with the authorization request by transferring a payment in cryptocurrency from a crypto wallet K to the system via an application on a smartphone assigned to it is the transmission of payment information (payment request) from the application, such as an app installed on a device, such as a smartphone, to a crypto wallet K that is installed as another application, such as an app, on the same device.

[0195] When a payment request is made from a requesting application (application, app) to an (executing) cryptowallet K or from a requesting cryptowallet K to another (executing) cryptowallet K, if these are not used on the same device, the requesting party usually provides the payment information as a QR code, which is read by the paying or executing cryptowallet K via a camera, preferably in the device. After the payment information has been read by the cryptowallet K and the user of the cryptowallet K has confirmed the payment, for example by pressing a corresponding button, the payment can be executed according to the payment request.

[0196] If the requesting entity (app, cryptowallet K) and the executing entity (cryptowallet K) are located on the same device (smartphone), the payment request or payment information cannot be transferred between these two entities using a QR code. In this case, the payment information must be copied and pasted in a suitable format (manually) into a general copy-paste buffer of the device or operating system, and then manually transferred from there to the cryptowallet K (pasted). This is very time-consuming and cumbersome.

[0197] It is therefore proposed that a preferably temporary, shared cache be established on the device on which both applications (requesting and executing) are running, which both instances use as a cache for transferring information about the payment request by consensus. This cache can either be provided by a third application on the device in a suitable manner in consensus with the other two applications, or by one of the two existing applications (requesting and executing) in a mutual consensus. However, it can also follow a general consensus, e.g. defined at the operating system level, which can offer this option and then offer exactly this preferably temporary cache for all applications on the system as an option in addition to the general copy-paste cache function.For example, the third application can determine access to this cache by specifying which applications the option should apply to.

[0198] The requesting page (app, cryptowallet K, system, application) can be designed in such a way that the option of using this shared cache exists by transferring the payment information to this cache in a suitable (digital) representation. This can, for example, be designed in such a way that, in addition to the QR code and / or the option of using the general (manual) copy-paste function, there is also at least the option of using the shared (consensual) cache. In the case of multiple selections, one or more of these three options for transferring the payment information can be activated automatically or manually, for example by selecting from a menu or in parallel. The executing page, i.e. the cryptowallet K, which is to make the payment according to the payment request, can then activate the reading of the payment information from the shared cache.This can preferably be done in a manner analogous to the previous reading of the QR code by actively or passively selecting this function in the executing cryptowallet K, by transferring the payment information equivalent to the QR code into the cryptowallet K. This payment information from the shared buffer can then be processed in a suitable manner by the cryptowallet K in a manner analogous to the information from the QR code and then enables the execution of the payment transaction from the executing entity (cryptowallet K) to the requesting entity (application, app, cryptowallet K) by confirming the payment transaction by the user of the cryptowallet K, as before.

[0199] The terms system, access, security or reference system, access, security or reference system, authorization, authorization system and device can be used synonymously.

[0200] The functional formulation that something (e.g. an NFT) is stored in a crypto wallet K with the wallet address WA, technically means that the wallet address WA represents the blockchain address of the NFT and is located there in the blockchain and the control over the crypto wallet K allows the control over this data in the blockchain.

[0201] The cryptocurrency can also be a cryptocurrency that does not represent value in a fiat money system.

[0202] In a specific embodiment, the device and method according to the invention enable the tamper-proof logging of access processes. Access processes are all processes where access to a software or software application or to real or physical locations is requested, and this access is to be granted only to authorized persons, implemented using a blockchain.

[0203] A key aspect of the invention is that, when requesting to exercise authorization, a crypto value (cryptocurrency) must be transferred from an authorized crypto wallet K to the authorization system, from which the wallet address WA of this crypto wallet K is determined. It is then determined whether this wallet address WA, or in the case of two crypto wallets K, a second (further, different) crypto wallet K referenced accordingly in a database DB or in the blockchain, is also the wallet address (blockchain address) of an NFT representing the authorization. If this is the case, i.e., if the wallet address WA of the transmitted cryptocurrency and that of the NFT representing the authorization are identical, the authorization is preferably executed by the system in these cases. An important security element is the transfer of a crypto value (e.g., cryptocurrency) from the crypto wallet K to the system as an authorization request.This triggers a transaction in the blockchain that is stored in a tamper-proof manner and can therefore be verified at any time without the intervention of a central authority. This can be done either by observing the transactions associated with the wallet address WA, or more or less automatically by separate software that is integrated into the system or independent of it. So that for every such transaction involving the relevant wallet address WA, for example, a message about it is sent to a specified recipient via an information system such as SMS, email, etc. In this way, a compromise of the system or the crypto wallet K can be traced at any time and appropriate measures initiated. This is not possible independently of a central authority with a simple login into the system with the crypto wallet K as an authorization request.This message can also contain a confirmation request sent to a device via an information channel (email, SMS, etc.). Only upon confirmation of this request, for example, by clicking on a link or pressing a button, does the transfer of cryptocurrency become valid for the system. This represents an additional level of security via another independent channel, preventing unauthorized execution in the event of a compromise of the crypto wallet K. The recipients can be specified in a database (DB) of the system or in the blockchain linked to one of the NFTs used.

[0204] Transactions in which an authorization request is made, for example, for access by transferring a specific amount of cryptocurrency from a requesting crypto wallet K to the system, are stored in a forgery-proof manner in the blockchain. These transactions are identified by a device according to the invention of the system. This device preferably uses a suitable computer program that accesses entries either directly or indirectly via data from entries in the blockchain, which are ideally made available by the blockchain. A further device of the system determines in an inventive manner whether this transaction has led to the execution of this authorization request, i.e., whether access has taken place because the authorization request corresponds to a corresponding authorization according to the invention.If this is the case, the transaction can be logged as access in the system, preferably by providing additional relevant data such as crypto wallet K1, K2, K3, TID(NFT), TID(aNFT), TID(zNFT), name, telephone number, email address, time, location, authorization hierarchy, etc. Otherwise, the transaction can be logged as an unauthorized request in the system, for example, with the same data. In any case, this allows the access request to always be traced in a tamper-proof manner via transaction entries in the blockchain.

[0205] In order to further increase the quality of the forgery security of the access logging, it is proposed that as soon as an authorization (access) has been granted on the basis of an authorizing transaction or this has been executed, the system itself (e.g. system cryptowallet K) executes a transaction in the blockchain by exchanging a certain amount of a cryptocurrency, preferably that of the first related transaction which represented the corresponding authorization request, with the requesting cryptowallet K (WA, or WA1) or sending it back to it or sending it to another cryptowallet K, for example a cryptowallet K4 of the system.By means of a corresponding device according to the invention in the system, which preferably contains a corresponding computer program and / or a corresponding database, these two transactions can then be linked according to the invention, thus ensuring a completely tamper-proof logging of the execution of authorizations (accesses). By means of such a device according to the invention, all successful and unsuccessful authorization requests or all successful accesses can be traced in a tamper-proof manner at any time via direct access to entries in the blockchain or indirectly via data about entries in the blockchain, preferably provided by the blockchain.The triggering of such a counter-transaction, i.e. when, after the authorization has been successfully granted on the basis of a transaction, a further transaction is executed by the system in the manner described, can also be carried out by a program that exists, for example, as a smart contract and is preferably registered in or linked to one of the NFTs involved (NFT or aNFT or zNFT), depending on the embodiment.

[0206] In one specific implementation, only the countertransaction is logged, which is preferably triggered when access is granted. "Logged" means made traceable in some way, such as by a computer program and / or a database. This can be done, for example, through direct or indirect access to the blockchain, or an entry in a database, etc.

[0207] In particular embodiments, as described, this can be done both by transferring a crypto value from the crypto wallet K1 to the system, but also without directly transferring a crypto value, but only by logging into the crypto wallet K1, if an authorization NFT (aNFT) with a wallet address WA2 (in a crypto wallet K2) preferably via a smart contract, directly or indirectly via an assignment NFT (zNFT) references the crypto wallet K1 (wallet address WA1).

[0208] In a specific embodiment, a device and a method according to the invention enable the production and use of secure and unforgeable proofs of authenticity for corresponding objects, i.e., for virtual, digital, electronic, and real objects (physical objects in the real world), etc. Where appropriate, a specific NFT within the sphere of control (control) of a prover (e.g., in their crypto wallet K) represents the control over a specific good or a specific right (possession, ownership, etc.) in the real world. Characteristic properties of such a good are processed in the NFT, for example, via a smart contract. This can be any characteristic, such as a photo of the good, a serial number or other marking, the identification number of a share, etc.The disadvantage is that the NFT itself may not be authentic, and then counterfeit products could be put into circulation. Or the authentic NFT could be stolen, and the true owner (possessor) could no longer present it. Furthermore, perishable goods, such as food, are usually only available until consumption. Furthermore, if stored in a less than absolutely secure manner, an original, such as a painting, could be exchanged for a very good fake, without anyone noticing, despite the corresponding certificate.

[0209] The basis for creating proof of authenticity according to the invention is a suitable coding. This can be any form of characterization or representation of a good or a right that can be converted into a digitally processable signal using a suitable electronic process. Examples include alphanumeric characters, QR codes, images, videos, etc.

[0210] In certain embodiments, the proof of authenticity of simple consumer goods with only one-time use (e.g. beverages) is proposed by a device or a method according to the invention:

[0211] Consumable goods:

[0212] The following embodiments are particularly suitable for testing consumable goods, but can also be applied to durable goods. A characterization of the goods is entered via a database DB or a corresponding list. This entry can be any type of coding C that is suitable for representing the characterization of the goods and can be stored in a suitable form in an electronic database or list. This can be alphanumeric characters, specific codes (e.g. QR code), magnetic, electrical or other physical or logical representations. Furthermore, this coding (representation) must be linked in some way to the goods whose authenticity is to be proven according to the invention. The goods are to be identified with the associated characterization (e.g.Code) should preferably be designed in such a way that it is not (regularly) accessible as long as it is not in use. Therefore, the coding (characterization, representation) associated with the item should not be accessible, for example, during storage or transport in an intact state.

[0213] The coding should only become accessible immediately before or during the intended use of the product through the associated modification of the product (e.g. opening a bottle or opening the packaging). This means that the coding is not accessible to a user for the process of identification or determining authenticity in its intact state, but only in a modified state that allows the product to be consumed immediately and it can be determined that the product has already been tampered with for the intended purpose. So if someone buys a bottle of a drink, for example, they should not be able to access the coding, which is suitable for proving the authenticity of the drink, i.e. view it, preferably in its intact state, i.e. before opening the bottle. For example, a code on the inside of the closure (stopper, screw cap, etc.)) so that the coding is only visible after the bottle (the cap) has been opened. It should be ensured as far as possible that it is recognizable whether the bottle has been opened or not. Ideally, in this example of the bottle or similar comparable examples, the code is covered by an additional cover, so that after modification (e.g. opening the bottle) to enable immediate intended use, this cover must be removed in order to view or use the code. In general, it can be said that the consumption or intended use of a product should require a direct or indirect modification and the product should be designed in such a way that this modification is recognizable for the intended use. An indirect modification would be the opening of packaging in the broadest sense.However, it is also in accordance with the invention if the corresponding recognizable modification of the product only occurs through consumption itself, for example, in the case of butter if a corresponding device with the code is embedded in the butter and the purchased piece of butter itself has to be worked on, for example, with a knife, to access the code. It is then also obvious that the butter cannot have been in its undamaged state when the code was viewed (detected).

[0214] If the coding is accessible after appropriate modification of the item for the intended use (e.g. eating, drinking, etc.), this coding can be read out and preferably transmitted via a suitable interface to a device (system) according to the invention. This can be done, for example, via the Internet using suitable end devices, such as smartphones with appropriate software (e.g. app). This can be done, for example, by entering the coding via a keyboard or reading it out in another way (e.g. QR code). The coding should therefore be capable of being converted into an electronic signal, which in turn can be unambiguously assigned to the coding in a defined manner using an assignment instruction or an assignment procedure and can be identified as such.The device according to the invention receives the signal as information about the coding (characterization, representation) of the good or right and compares it with the codings entered as valid for the authenticity of a product in the designated database (DB) or list. Before the good itself is coding or delivered, for example during production, the corresponding coding must therefore be entered into the DB database of valid goods or rights. During production of the good, the uniqueness information (coding) is incorporated into the product directly or indirectly using a suitable device according to the invention.

[0215] Ideally, the device also ensures that a specific code only occurs once in production and cannot be guessed. Preferably, an input limit is built into the transmission of authenticity requests, limiting the number of permitted incorrect entries (requests). In such a case, the ability to transmit or enter codes on the device would be stopped after a certain number of incorrect entries, for example, by making it impossible to enter or transmit a code.

[0216] If the coding transmitted to the device according to the invention is represented in any form in the database DB, the authenticity of the item or the right of disposal over it is considered confirmed. Otherwise, it can be assumed that the item is a forgery and that the item in question is not an original. This information can be sent more or less quickly to the requesting party, for example to the terminal device transmitting the code or the requesting device. Ideally, the coding of the item or right in question is deleted from the database DB after the test has been positively completed according to the invention. This makes it possible to rule out the possibility of forgeries with the now known code for an original being created after the original has been used as intended, or of the forgeries being falsely verified as originals using the device according to the invention. A further query using this code will then be negative. During production orWhen the goods are packaged, the corresponding coding that identifies the goods as genuine is incorporated into the product and also entered into the database DB.

[0217] This also makes it possible to easily implement proof of origin, for example, by not only confirming that the product is genuine, but also by transmitting information about the product to the requesting party (terminal device), describing or identifying, for example, its origin, a specific manufacturing process, the date of manufacture, etc. In a specific embodiment, the described procedure or device can also be combined with the fact that requests are only made possible by requesters who have a license according to the invention using a blockchain, as explained elsewhere in this disclosure. Only requests that are linked to a license according to the invention for such requests and to a transaction according to the invention would then receive corresponding information about the requested good. This can be implemented, for example, via an input mask on a website, app, etc.the code is queried, which the requester enters there, and then, for example, a QR code appears there, which provides the data for the transfer of a specific amount of a cryptocurrency transfer to the system for a crypto wallet, which then executes this with the crypto wallet to trigger a corresponding transaction according to the invention and thus a corresponding evaluation and execution according to the invention, as described elsewhere and in other embodiments in this disclosure. Thus, the inventive execution of the claim to exercise rights (license) can be triggered, for example, by the license, represented by a unique crypto value marked as authorized (for example, an NFT stored in the database DB with its wallet address WA), as shown in other embodiments of this disclosure, being located in crypto wallet K1 or K2 according to the invention!

[0218] The simplest container for accommodating a code-bearing element for code C is designed as a sheet or film onto which the code is applied directly or in any desired encryption (e.g. QR code) and is concealed there by an opaque layer. The container can also have a complete or incomplete cavity into which a code-bearing element is inserted, for example as a sheet or film. Ideally, the material surrounding or forming the cavity is opaque at least to visible light but also to other wavelengths. The container itself or the finished part with the code-bearing element that can be used according to the invention can, for example, also be sealed in an airtight or watertight manner.Depending on the embodiment, the code-bearing element and / or the container and / or the part containing the code-bearing element which can be used as a finished part according to the invention can be biologically compatible (biocompatible) or odorless or tasteless or in a certain color or with a rough surface or with a smooth surface or made of metal (e.g. gold, etc.) or plastic (e.g. PMMA, silicone, etc.) or glass or specifically lighter than water or specifically heavier than water or specifically lighter than air or specifically heavier than air or magnetic or electrically conductive or fluorescent under certain conditions or equipped with adhesion to containers or round or square, etc. Example:.

[0219] A beverage, i.e. a food product, where it must be ensured that it is an original and not a counterfeit. For this purpose, an inscription or a QR code or other coding could be affixed to the inside of the closure, for example, which enables the identification according to the invention. It is also conceivable that the beverage itself, or more generally speaking in the actual product itself, contains an object bearing a corresponding code. In the case of packaged food, the code in the food itself could be prepared for the identification process according to the invention by a stored object on which the code is located. In the case of solid goods (e.g. solid food products), the code can also be applied directly to the product. This can be done in the form of punching or burning in, etc. The code can also be affixed to the inside of the packaging, which is not accessible without opening it.It can also be applied to the outside of the packaging if it is so hidden that its disclosure requires a modification of the packaging or the product in general (which also includes the packaging as part of the product). This can be done, for example, by rubbing off a protective layer, making the code visible, or in another preferably physical way that makes it accessible for detection. Upon receiving the product, the user then sees that impermissible tampering has already occurred, for example by rubbing off a layer, and that the product's authenticity is no longer guaranteed. However, they can still verify its authenticity using a check according to the invention.

[0220] In certain embodiments, the proof of authenticity of high-quality goods that are more or less suitable for permanent use and / or resale (e.g. watches) is made possible by a device or method according to the invention:

[0221] Durable goods:

[0222] In the case of a permanently usable product, such as a watch or other commodity, a right, or a service, which does not disappear after or during its intended use or becomes unusable for further use, a device or method, preferably using a blockchain, is proposed. However, it is also possible to use this for consumable goods. The characterization (coding) of a unique crypto asset such as an NFT, preferably its TID, is stored in a corresponding database DB. Such coding can, for example, be implemented as a unique token ID (TID). In the disclosure, the unique coding of an NFT is generally referred to as a TID, even if it is formally and technically different.In the database DB, each TID is linked to a second entry C, which allows for a unique characterization of the good, right, or service to be verified (verification object). This can be any type of characterization of the corresponding verification object, such as an arbitrary number, the serial number of a watch, the photo of a pet, the serial number of a share, an ID number, the local or generalized color spectrum of a painting, a unique marking of an object, etc., but ultimately represents a code C. This characterization can be variable in certain embodiments, meaning that the system expects a different code C from one time to the next. Such variation can be managed, for example, through variation (rotation) on the part of the system or by involving a random generator.This information must then somehow be stored in a database DB of the system for the inventive evaluation and processing by the system. In certain embodiments, the variation of code C should also be communicated to the owner.

[0223] The verification process can now preferably be carried out in different ways: In one variant, the verifier, i.e. the person or device who wants to verify the authenticity of a specific object of disposal, preferably the owner or proprietor, transfers a crypto value, preferably a specific amount of a cryptocurrency, from the crypto wallet K with the wallet address (blockchain address) WA in which the NFT is located, which represents the right of disposal over the (verification object) to be checked, to a device (e.g. crypto wallet) of the device (system) according to the invention. The device according to the invention then determines the crypto wallet K or its wallet address WA via direct or indirect access to a blockchain and checks whether an NFT is located in the crypto wallet from which the crypto value was transmitted (Fig. 3), or in a variant with multiple crypto wallets, in crypto wallet K2 orin a manner analogous to that described therein (Fig. 6). If the condition is met (license), the device according to the invention determines the TID of the NFT. Finally, the device according to the invention checks whether a corresponding TID in the database DB matches that of a corresponding NFT in the crypto wallet K. If this is the case, the corresponding code C of the associated verification object is determined, which is assigned to the determined TID in the database DB. Subsequently, the code C itself, or a representative thereof, is transmitted to the requesting device (verifier) ​​in a suitable manner. The verifier can then determine whether the code is on, in, or on the verification object. If this is the case, it can classify the verification object as genuine. In all other cases, it can be communicated that there is no match or that the authenticity of the verification object cannot be confirmed. The transmission process orThe request using the transferred crypto asset can be made, for example, over the internet via a suitable website or app. The verification process itself is tamper-proof and verifiable because the transfer of the crypto asset during the request triggers a transaction that creates a unique and tamper-proof entry in the blockchain. Only the crypto wallet K that contains the NFT that represents the ownership of the asset marked with C, or, in the case of multiple crypto wallets, K varies according to this variant, will be confirmed.In the event that, according to the invention, several cryptowallets K are involved in the verification process (identification of a license in a cryptowallet of the requester = advertiser), as explained in other embodiments of this disclosure, the inventive execution of the claim to exercise rights (license) can be triggered, for example, by the license, for example represented by a unique crypto value marked as authorized (for example an NFT that is stored in the database DB with its wallet address WA as a license), not being located in cryptowallet K1 as described above, but according to the invention in cryptowallet K2.

[0224] Another variant, especially if the crypto wallet K contains multiple NFTs for managing multiple objects, would be that code C is read from the verification object (e.g., serial number) or determined in another way and transmitted, for example, via an internet form as code C to the device according to the invention for verification, if possible together or consecutively, i.e., additionally with a crypto value, for example in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency. Or if it is a physical code C, for example in the form of an electromagnetic signal or an image, etc., it is transmitted from the verification object to the device according to the invention plus the transfer of a crypto value, for example in the form of a specific amount of cryptocurrency.

[0225] After receiving this information (code C + cryptocurrency) according to the invention, the device (system) according to the invention checks the TID of the registered NFT, preferably via the database DB or direct or indirect access to the blockchain, and whether an NFT with a corresponding TID (e.g., according to the database DB) is located in the crypto wallet K from which the crypto value was transferred to the device according to the invention. It is then checked whether this TID is linked to the transmitted code C in the database DB. If this is the case, the verifier can be informed via a suitable communication channel that the verification object is to be considered genuine. In all other cases, the verification object would not be qualified as genuine. A corresponding message can be transmitted to the requesting party via a suitable communication channel (e.g., SMS).

[0226] In another embodiment, the code C does not represent a characterization of the object such as a serial number, but rather an owner or proprietor identifier (e.g., PIN) that is assigned to the object and which is preferably only known to the owner or proprietor. This can also be the TID of the NFT, which represents the ownership or possession rights. In this disclosure, no distinction is made between possession and ownership, and both terms can be used synonymously. In the event that the system, as described, determines that possession or ownership exists, the system does not transmit confirmation of this possession, but rather a specific identifier of the object in question, such as a serial number, which can be determined directly in the presence of the object, to the requesting party via an appropriate communication channel such as SMS, etc.In the database DB, the TID of the authorizing NFT is then preferably linked to the code C and an identifier of the object (e.g. serial number).

[0227] In the case of a described variant with several cryptowallets K, the corresponding details are modified accordingly according to these embodiment variants, so that the inventive execution of the claim to exercise rights (license) can be triggered, for example, by the license, represented for example by a unique crypto value marked as authorized (for example an NFT stored in the database DB with its wallet address WA as a license), being located in cryptowallet K2 instead of in cryptowallet K1 as described above.

[0228] The transfer of the right of disposal (ownership, possession, etc.) over the genuine asset to someone else also requires the transfer of the associated NFT to the other party's crypto wallet K. To ensure that the valid, authenticating NFT has not been stolen and unlawfully transferred to another crypto wallet K, an additional check can be performed to determine whether the NFT was transferred directly from one crypto wallet K to another without authorization (stolen) or whether it was transferred by consensus via a suitable device that can be used as an intermediary, such as a trading platform for NFTs. One such commercially available trading platform could be OpenSea. This device should be designed in such a way that a transfer via the device to another crypto wallet can only be actively initiated or enabled by the crypto wallet that contains the NFT and, preferably, received it itself via this device.This can be achieved by the transferor (seller) offering the NFT (seller) for transfer (purchase) to the recipient (buyer of the item) via the appropriate transfer device, preferably at the selling price of the item. The recipient, for example, legally transfers the NFT and thus the item itself into their control (ownership, possession, etc.) in return for transferring the purchase price of the item. In addition to or instead of the TID, a corresponding wallet address WA can be assigned to each code C in the database DB or linked to such an address. Accordingly, when verifying the authenticity of an object of disposal or its legal possession, preferably via suitable direct or indirect access to a blockchain, the crypto wallet K or the crypto wallet from which the NFT was transferred to the verifying (requesting) crypto wallet can also be determined.If the transfer to this crypto wallet was carried out in the past via a defined process via an authorized intermediary, the legality of the possession of the asset is also considered to be given; otherwise, this would not be secure and would have to be verified separately using a different procedure. The device according to the invention is therefore preferably designed such that, in addition to the TID or wallet address WA and code C, it also checks the transfer path of the NFT from one crypto wallet K to another, i.e., whether a direct transfer took place between the crypto wallets K or whether it occurred via a suitable intermediary. This can be done via suitable and inventive direct or indirect access to entries in the blockchain or to data from these entries.

[0229] In a corresponding manner, all devices according to the invention, such as those for checking authenticity, like all embodiments and variants of this disclosure, can also be implemented in the manner described using several cryptowallets K1, K2, K3, K4 or several NFTs (aNFT, zNFT) according to the invention and apply the corresponding criteria for access (e.g. verification of authenticity) according to the invention.

[0230] In a corresponding manner, all devices according to the invention, such as those for checking authenticity, like all embodiments and variants of this disclosure, can also be designed according to the invention in the manner described using references and self-references in the NFTs used and can apply the corresponding criteria for access (e.g. verification of authenticity) according to the invention.

[0231] The following is a clarification regarding the meaning of cryptowallet K and wallet address WA, which can be observed for all relevant passages of the disclosure that deal with these terms. A cryptowallet K is a program that manages access to or control over cryptographic objects KO, such as cryptocurrencies or NFTs, or can exercise access to or control over them. The cryptographic objects KO are organized via a blockchain address (wallet address WA) or located in the blockchain. Control over these cryptographic objects KO and the corresponding wallet addresses WA is ultimately exercised via a private cryptographic key, preferably with the help of a cryptowallet K.In cryptowallets, this private key is usually encoded for the user of a cryptowallet that manages the corresponding cryptographic objects (KO) in the form of 12 to 24 words, which then represent one or more private keys. By entering these words into the cryptowallet (K), the user can use the cryptowallet (K) to exercise control over the corresponding cryptographic objects (KO).If a cryptographic object KO is transferred from one cryptowallet K to another (technically speaking, this means that the control exercised by one cryptowallet K over the cryptographic objects KO is transferred to the control of another cryptowallet K), this can be achieved by linking all transactions (transfers of cryptographic objects KO between different cryptowallets K) to the same blockchain address (wallet address WA), or by generating or using a new wallet address WA for each transaction, which is then linked to the transaction. This new wallet address WA is then also assigned to the cryptowallet K with the unique private key.In any case, however, with the queries in this and the associated disclosures, which aim to determine which wallet address WA a transaction T is linked to, i.e. from which cryptowallet K a cryptographic object KO is transferred, two wallet addresses WA are considered to be equal within the meaning of the invention if they originate from or are subject to the control of the same cryptowallet K. This means that if the transaction T is completed or signed or assigned with the same private key or a correct coding thereof with which the control over another cryptographic object KO is exercised, i.e. these two wallet addresses WA that are compared do not have to be equal in the strictly formal sense, but are assigned to the control of the same cryptowallet K or were after a transaction T.In concrete terms, this means, for example, that if the control over an NFT is exercised by a specific crypto wallet K1 and this NFT is assigned to a specific wallet address WA, and then from this crypto wallet K1, which also exercises control over an amount of cryptocurrency, a specific amount is transferred to the control of another crypto wallet K2 (T), and the wallet address WA of the sender (K1) in the context of the transaction T formally differs from the wallet address WA of the NFT, the two wallet addresses WA are nevertheless considered to be the same in the sense of the invention, since they are assigned to the same crypto wallet K1. One essence of the disclosure is the actual determination of whether the control over a cryptographic object KO (e.g. NFT) is exercised by the same crypto wallet K from which a specific transaction T (e.g.Transfer of a specific amount of cryptocurrency (e.g., to the device according to the invention) originates or has been executed. The expression that a crypto value is located in a crypto wallet K is equivalent here to the fact that a crypto value is managed by a crypto wallet K. The functional formulation that a crypto value is stored in a crypto wallet K with the wallet address WA technically means that the wallet address WA represents the blockchain address of the NFT.

[0232] Since it is not possible to explicitly describe all embodiments of the invention in such a patent application with all mutually possible elements disclosed herein, it is noted here that all or individual elements of the presented invention or elements of embodiments and variants of the invention can be combined with other elements of the invention or elements of embodiments of the invention to form further embodiments and elements of the invention. These, incidentally, follow logically from the description of the invention anyway.

[0233] For the sake of readability, the inventive, general claim to exercise a right in the form of disposing of the license is also referred to in this disclosure as access, access right, or access authorization. Access to an object is the most descriptive form of this right, and the use of this term in the text therefore includes any general inventive right.

[0234] LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0235] V1, V2, V3 ... Elements of the device according to the invention

[0236] K, K1, K2, K3, K4... Cryptowallet

[0237] WA, WA1, WA2, WA3, WA4 ... Blockchain or wallet address of a crypto wallet WA(K) ... should be read as a function or assignment, namely WA of K TID, TokenID ... Identification code of a unique crypto value

[0238] LID, LicenseID ... Identification code of a unique crypto asset representing a license TID(NFT) ... should be read as a function or assignment, namely as the TID of NFT NFT ... Non-Fungible Token aNFT ... Authorization NFT zNFT ... Assignment NFT

[0239] T ... Transaction

[0240] 1 ... Transfer of a unique crypto value from a device according to the invention to a crypto wallet

[0241] 2 ... transmission of a signal in the form of a crypto value from a crypto wallet to a device according to the invention (transaction) 3 ... transfer of the task of determining important transaction parameters such as the wallet address of a crypto wallet involved in a transaction or an identification code of a unique crypto value to a device according to the invention and determination of the existence of a specific claim to a right (e.g. access) by this device

[0242] 4 ... Notification of the release or non-release of the exercise of a right

[0243] 5 ... Release or non-release to exercise a right for the crypto wallet involved

[0244] 6 ... Technical implementation for the exercise of a right

[0245] 7 ... Effect of releasing access or sourcing in the real world

[0246] C ... code or identifier that represents an object (e.g. serial number) DB ... database

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Identification and access system for establishing a claim, represented as a license in a blockchain, for exercising a right and executing such a claim (license), such as the right of access to an object, characterized in that it has a device which is designed in such a way that it - can exchange a crypto value, preferably as an amount of a cryptocurrency, with a crypto wallet (K1), which, when executed as a transaction, leads to an entry in the blockchain, - a unique characteristic, such as the blockchain address (wallet address) of the crypto wallet (K1) involved in such a transaction, preferably by accessing the blockchain or data from or in the blockchain, - preferably by accessing the blockchain or data from or in the blockchain, can determine whether a unique crypto asset, such as a non-fungible token (NFT), with a unique characteristic, such as a token ID (TID), is located in another crypto wallet (K2), - in a database (DB) containing the licenses, at least as a unique characteristic of a unique crypto value, such as the Token ID (TID) of a Non-Fungible Token (NFT), - can determine whether the unique characteristic of a unique crypto value, as determined preferably through access to the blockchain or to data from or in the blockchain, matches one from the database (DB).

2. Identification and access system for establishing a claim, represented as a license in a blockchain, for exercising a right and executing such a claim (license), such as the right to access an object, according to claim 1, characterized in that it executes the claim (license) to exercise the right if the further cryptowallet (K2), in which a unique crypto value is located, which is represented in the database (DB), matches the cryptowallet (K1).

3. Identification and access system for establishing a claim, represented as a license in a blockchain, for exercising a right and executing such a claim (license), such as the right to access an object, according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it executes the claim (license) to exercise the right if the further cryptowallet (K2), in which a unique cryptovalue is located, which is also represented in the database (DB), does not match the cryptowallet (K1) but the cryptowallet (K1) or the further cryptowallet (K2) is linked to the unique cryptovalue in the database (DB) of the system.

4. Identification and access system for establishing a claim, represented as a license in a blockchain, for exercising a right and executing such a claim (license), such as the right of access to an object, according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the system has interfaces which enable the integration of external devices from different manufacturers as system elements (devices) into the system according to the invention, wherein at least one external device is selected from the group comprising cryptowallet, blockchain, cryptocurrency.

5. Computer-implemented method for operating an identification and access system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it - exchanges a crypto value, preferably as an amount of a cryptocurrency, with a crypto wallet (K1) in the form of a transaction that leads to an entry in a blockchain, - a unique characteristic, such as the blockchain address (wallet address) of the crypto wallet (K1) involved in such a transaction, preferably by accessing the blockchain or data from or in the blockchain, - determines whether a unique crypto asset, such as a non-fungible token (NFT), with a unique characteristic, such as a token ID (TID), is located in another crypto wallet (K2), - reads unique characteristics of unique crypto assets from a database (DB) of the system as valid licenses, - determines whether the unique crypto value in the additional crypto wallet (K2) matches the unique crypto value whose unique characteristics were read from the database (DB).

6. A computer program product comprising instructions for instructing an identification and access system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to carry out all method steps according to claim 5.

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