Parking management device and parking management method

Abstract

This parking management device includes: a communication unit that uses an antenna, which has a communication area constituted by the area of a parking lot including at least all parking sections and all doorways, to receive probe data including position information and identification information periodically transmitted by an on-vehicle device; a calculation unit that uses the probe data received by the communication unit to recognize the time of entry and the time of exit of the on-vehicle device into and out of the parking lot, and uses a time difference between the times of entry and exit to calculate a parking fee; and a billing unit that charges the on-vehicle device with the parking fee by transmitting and receiving predetermined information to and from the on-vehicle device using the communication unit.

Description

Parking management device and parking management method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a parking management device and a parking management method.

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a toll collection system in which antenna devices are installed at the entrance and exit of a parking area and communicate with an in-vehicle device to perform entry / exit management and toll collection.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-9733

[0004] However, in the toll collection system described in Patent Document 1, an antenna device is installed at each entrance and exit of the parking area, so if the number of entrances and exits increases, the number of antenna devices must also be increased, which is a problem.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a parking management device and a parking management method that can perform parking management with fewer antenna devices than the number of entrances and exits.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the parking management device of the present disclosure includes a communication unit that receives probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted by an on-board device using an antenna whose communication area is the area of ​​the parking lot including at least all parking spaces and all entrances and exits, a calculation unit that recognizes the entry time and exit time of the on-board device to the parking lot and from the parking lot based on the probe data received by the communication unit, and calculates the parking fee based on the time difference between the entry time and the exit time, and a billing unit that bills the on-board device for the parking fee by sending and receiving specified information between the on-board device and the on-board device using the communication unit.

[0007] The parking management method of the present disclosure includes the steps of receiving probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted by an on-board device using an antenna whose communication area is the area of ​​the parking lot including at least all parking spaces and all entrances and exits; recognizing the entry time and exit time of the on-board device to the parking lot and the exit time from the parking lot based on the probe data received by the communication unit, and calculating a parking fee based on the time difference between the entry time and the exit time; and charging the on-board device for the parking fee by sending and receiving specified information between the on-board device and the on-board device using the communication unit.

[0008] According to the parking management device and parking management method of the present disclosure, parking management can be performed with fewer antenna devices than the number of entrances and exits.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a parking management device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a parking management device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an on-board device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram showing an operation example of the parking management device and the on-board device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a parking management device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram showing an operation example of the parking management device and the on-board device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram showing an operation example of the parking management device and the on-board device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram showing an operation example of the parking management device and the on-board device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a parking management device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment.

[0010] Hereinafter, a parking management device and a parking management method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding components are designated by the same reference numerals and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0011] 1 and 2 , a parking management device 50 according to this embodiment includes a data processing device 3 and a wireless communication antenna device 2. The wireless communication antenna device 2 and an on-board device 40 (described later) can use, for example, DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communications) as a wireless communication method, but this is not limited to this. The data processing device 3 includes, as a functional configuration formed by a combination of hardware, software, etc., a calculation unit 31, a request unit 32, a detection unit 33, a warning unit 34, a notification unit 35, and a storage unit 36.

[0012] 1, the parking management device 50 uses a wireless communication antenna device 2 installed in the parking lot 1 to wirelessly communicate with each on-board device 40 mounted on each vehicle 4 (4a to 4h) that enters the parking lot 1 through a parking lot entrance 5a or 5b and exits (exits) the parking lot 1 through a parking lot exit 6a or 6b. By wirelessly communicating with each on-board device 40, the parking management device 50 manages the entry and exit of each vehicle 4 and collects fees.

[0013] The number of parking lot entrances 5a or 5b and the number of parking lot exits 6a or 6b are not limited to two, but may be three or more. The number of parking lot entrances and parking lot exits does not have to be the same. The parking lot entrances and parking lot exits may be indicated by road markings or by three-dimensional enclosures such as fences or signs. The width of the parking lot entrances and parking lot exits may be sufficient for a single vehicle to pass through, or may be sufficient for multiple vehicles to pass through. The depth (length in the direction of travel) of the parking lot entrances and parking lot exits is preferably large enough to ensure at least one communication between the wireless communication antenna device 2 and the vehicle-mounted device 40 when the vehicle passes through.

[0014] The wireless communication antenna device 2 includes an antenna 2a and a processing device for processing signals transmitted and received via the antenna 2a. The wireless communication antenna device 2 communicates wirelessly with the vehicle-mounted device 40, transmitting, for example, information instructed by the data processing device 3 and outputting received information to the data processing device 3. The antenna 2a included in the wireless communication antenna device 2 covers, as a communication region (communication area) 9, the area of ​​the parking lot 1 (the location, land, etc.) including at least all parking bays 7a-7d and all entrances / exits 5a, 5b, 6a, and 6b (all parking lot entrances 5a and 5b and all parking lot exits 6a and 6b). In this embodiment, the wireless communication antenna device 2 (one example of a configuration of a "communication unit" according to the present disclosure) receives probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted by the vehicle-mounted device 40 using the antenna 2a, whose communication region 9 includes the area of ​​the parking lot 1 including at least all parking bays and all entrances / exits. The probe data (probe information) is, for example, information such as location, speed, and vehicle type acquired (transmitted) from the vehicle 4 using a mobile communication system. In this embodiment, a parking space is a space partitioned for parking, and the boundaries of each parking space can be indicated, for example, by printing on the parking surface, by lighting, by installing ropes, etc.

[0015] In the example shown in FIG. 1, vehicles 4a to 4f are located within communication area 9, and wireless communication antenna device 2 can communicate with each in-vehicle device 40 provided on each vehicle 4a to 4f. Vehicle 4a is entering through parking lot entrance 5a, and vehicle 4d is entering through parking lot entrance 5b. Vehicle 4b is parked in parking space 7c, and vehicle 4e is parked in parking space 7b. Vehicle 4c is exiting through parking lot exit 6a, and vehicle 4b is exiting through parking lot exit 6b. Vehicles 4g and 4h are traveling on road 10 outside the parking lot. All parking spaces 7a to 7d are hourly parking spaces.

[0016] The calculation unit 31 recognizes the entry time of the vehicle-mounted device 40 into the parking lot 1 and the exit time of the vehicle-mounted device 40 from the parking lot 1 based on the probe data received by the wireless communication antenna device 2, and calculates the parking fee based on the time difference between the entry time and the exit time. In doing so, the calculation unit 31 recognizes entry into the parking lot 1 based on the position information (range information) of the parking lot entrance 5a or 5b and the position information included in the probe data. Similarly, the calculation unit 31 recognizes exit from the parking lot 1 based on the position information (range information) of the parking lot exit 6a or 6b and the position information included in the probe data.

[0017] The billing unit 32 bills the on-board unit 40 for the parking fee by transmitting and receiving predetermined information to and from the on-board unit 40 using the wireless communication antenna device 2. There are no limitations on the method of billing, and billing can be done, for example, using a method similar to that used in existing electronic toll collection systems. The billing unit 32 also bills the on-board unit 40 for a fine for illegal parking detected by the detection unit 33, which will be described later. The billing unit 32 also bills the on-board unit 40 for the fine if illegal parking continues for a predetermined period of time or longer.

[0018] The detection unit 33 detects unauthorized parking in the parking lot 1 based on the probe data received by the wireless communication antenna device 2. Unauthorized parking is, for example, parking of a time-share vehicle (non-contract vehicle) in a space reserved for a person who has previously signed a monthly contract or the like. Alternatively, unauthorized parking is, for example, parking of a vehicle of a different type in a time-share parking space limited to a specific vehicle type. Alternatively, unauthorized parking is, for example, parking outside a parking space.

[0019] The warning unit 34 uses the wireless communication antenna device 2 to transmit warning information to the vehicle-mounted device 40 where the illegal parking has been detected, indicating that the parking is illegal.

[0020] The notification unit 35 notifies the manager of the parking lot that illegal parking has been detected. The notification to the manager can be performed, for example, by sending or displaying information on a mobile terminal carried by the manager or on a monitoring screen.

[0021] The memory unit 36 ​​stores, for example, the vehicle device ID (identification information) and entry time when the vehicle device 40 enters, or stores a list of the vehicle device IDs of the vehicle devices 40 of the contract holders of monthly parking spaces.

[0022] 3, the vehicle-mounted device 40 includes a location information acquisition unit 41, a data processing unit 42, a communication unit 43, and a notification unit 44. The location information acquisition unit 41 acquires location information (latitude, longitude, and altitude) using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The communication unit 43 transmits and receives predetermined information to and from the wireless communication antenna device 2, for example, under the instruction of the data processing unit 42. Note that the location information acquisition unit 41 may acquire the location based on detection signals from a vehicle speed sensor, an angular velocity sensor, etc., instead of (or in addition to) using the GNSS.

[0023] For example, when the communication unit 43 receives a message requesting the transmission of probe data from the wireless communication antenna device 2, the data processing unit 42 creates probe data including the latest location information acquired by the location information acquisition unit 41 and identification information set in the vehicle-mounted device 40 (or further vehicle model information, which is information indicating the vehicle model (category) of the vehicle 4 in which the vehicle-mounted device 40 is installed), and repeatedly transmits the probe data to the wireless communication antenna device 2 via the communication unit 43, for example, at a predetermined period.

[0024] The notification unit 43 includes a synthetic voice output unit, a character and graphic display unit, a link unit with an external display device, etc., and performs output and display based on the warning information transmitted by the warning unit 34, for example.

[0025] Next, referring to FIG. 4, an example of the operation of the parking management device 50 and the vehicle-mounted device 40 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described. The example of operation shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to one flow from when the vehicle 4 enters the parking lot 1, parks properly, and leaves the parking lot 1. In the example of operation shown in FIG. 4, the wireless communication antenna device 2 periodically transmits a predetermined wireless communication signal (continuously from step S101 onward). The predetermined wireless communication signal is, for example, a signal representing a message that requests the vehicle-mounted device 40 to transmit probe data by broadcast. When the communication unit 43 of the vehicle-mounted device 40 receives the predetermined wireless communication signal (step S102), the vehicle-mounted device 40 periodically transmits probe data including the vehicle-mounted device ID, vehicle model, and location information (continuously from step S103 onward).

[0026] Thereafter, the wireless communication antenna device 2 receives the probe data and recognizes the entry (step S104). The data processing device 3 stores the entered vehicle-mounted device ID, the entry time, and the vehicle type in the storage unit 36 ​​(step S105).

[0027] On the other hand, when the vehicle 4 equipped with the on-board device 40 moves to an available parking space (one of the parking spaces 7a to 7d) and the engine key is turned off, the vehicle 4 parks in the parking space (step S106). When the engine key is turned on (step S107), the communication unit 43 of the on-board device 40 receives a predetermined wireless communication signal (step S108) and periodically transmits probe data including the on-board device ID, vehicle model, and location information (continuously from step S109 onward).

[0028] The wireless communication antenna device 2 then receives the probe data and recognizes the exit (step S110). The data processing device 3 searches for the stored entry time based on the vehicle-mounted device ID (step S111). Next, the data processing device 3 calculates the parking time from the time difference between the entry time and the exit time (step S112). Next, the data processing device 3 calculates the parking fee from the vehicle type and parking time (step S113). Next, the wireless communication antenna device 2 transmits a message to the vehicle-mounted device 40 requesting payment (step S114). Next, the vehicle-mounted device 40 executes payment (step S115) and transmits the payment result (step S116).

[0029] As described above, the parking management device 50 of this embodiment includes a wireless communication antenna device 2 (communication unit) that receives probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device 40 using an antenna 2a whose communication range 9 is the area of ​​the parking lot 1 including at least all parking spaces and all entrances and exits; a calculation unit 31 that recognizes the entry time and exit time of the vehicle-mounted device 40 into the parking lot 1 and from the parking lot 1 based on the probe data received by the wireless communication antenna device 2 (communication unit) and calculates a parking fee based on the time difference between the entry time and the exit time; and a billing unit 32 that bills the vehicle-mounted device 40 for the parking fee by transmitting and receiving predetermined information to and from the vehicle-mounted device 40 using the wireless communication antenna device 2 (communication unit). This configuration allows parking management to be performed using a single antenna 2a (or a single wireless communication antenna device 2). Therefore, according to this embodiment, parking management can be performed using fewer antenna devices than the number of entrances and exits.

[0030] Second Embodiment The basic configuration of the parking management device according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 . However, as shown in FIG. 5 , the parking lot 1a managed by the second embodiment, which corresponds to the parking lot 1 shown in FIG. 1 , is different in that it includes a monthly parking space 8 instead of the hourly parking space 7d shown in FIG. 1 . The hourly parking space 7d is a parking space where parking is permitted without a prior contract and a fee is paid according to the parking time. In contrast, the monthly parking space 8 is a parking space where only vehicles 4 equipped with an onboard device 40 having a pre-contracted onboard device ID can park, and a fee is paid monthly. In the example shown in FIG. 5 , a vehicle 4x illegally parked without parking authority is parked in the monthly parking space 8.

[0031] An example of the operation of the parking management device 50 and the in-vehicle device 40 in the second embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 6 and 7. The flows shown in Figures 6 and 7 are connected to each other by the same connectors C11 to C13.

[0032] The operational example shown in Figures 6 and 7 corresponds to the flow from when vehicle 4x enters parking lot 1a, illegally parks in monthly parking space 8, and exits parking lot 1a. In the operational example shown in Figures 6 and 7, the flow from steps S101 to S105 is the same as the flow from steps S101 to S105 shown in Figure 4 (however, parking lot 1 in the above description with reference to Figure 4 should be read as parking lot 1a). In Figure 6, in step S105-1, the wireless communication antenna device 2 receives probe data and recognizes that the vehicle has parked in monthly parking space 8 (step S105-1). In step S105-1, the wireless communication antenna device 2 recognizes that the vehicle has parked in monthly parking space 8 by comparing the position information (range information) of monthly parking space 8 with the position information included in the probe data. In the data processing device 3, the detection unit 33 compares the list of on-board unit IDs of monthly contract vehicles stored in the storage unit 36 ​​with the on-board unit ID recognized in step S105-1 and recognizes that the vehicle 4x is illegally parked (step S105-2). Next, the warning unit 34 transmits warning information indicating illegal parking to the on-board unit 40 in which illegal parking has been detected using the wireless communication antenna device 2 (step S105-3).

[0033] In the vehicle-mounted device 40, when the warning information transmitted by the wireless communication antenna device 2 is received, the notification unit 44 outputs audio information or displays display information based on the warning information (step S105-4). When the wireless communication antenna device 2 detects that illegal parking in the monthly parking space 8 has continued for a predetermined time (step S105-5), the data processing device 3 stores the vehicle-mounted device ID in the storage unit 36 ​​as a device subject to a fine (step S105-6).

[0034] The flow from step S106 to step S116 shown in FIG. 7 is the same as the flow from step S106 to step S116 shown in FIG.

[0035] 7, the data processing device 3 calculates the amount of the penalty (step S117). Next, the wireless communication antenna device 2 transmits a message for requesting a fine as a penalty to the vehicle-mounted device 40 in the same manner as for charging a fee (step S118). Next, the vehicle-mounted device 40 executes the charge settlement (step S119) and transmits the settlement result (step S120).

[0036] Next, an example of the operation of the parking management device 50 and the on-board device 40 when the parking space is moved before the predetermined time has elapsed in response to the warning in step S105-4 shown in FIG. 6 will be described with reference to FIG. 8 . In the example of operation shown in FIG. 8 , steps S101 to S105-4 are the same as steps S101 to S105-4 shown in FIG. 6 . In step S105-7 in FIG. 8 , the vehicle 4x equipped with the on-board device 40 moves to the hourly parking space while transmitting probe data (step S105-7). The wireless communication antenna device 2 receives the probe data transmitted by the on-board device 40 and recognizes the vehicle's exit from the monthly parking space 8 (step S105-8). The process from step S106 onward is the same as the process from step S106 onward shown in FIG. 4 . In this case, the on-board device ID of the vehicle 4x is not stored as a fine target.

[0037] Next, an example of operation when notifying the parking lot manager 60 that illegal parking has occurred will be described with reference to FIG. 9. In the example of operation shown in FIG. 9, the flow from steps S101 to S105-3 and the flow from step S105-5 onwards are the same as the flow from steps S101 to S105-3 and the flow from step S105-5 onwards shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. In FIG. 9, in step S105-3-1, the notification unit 35 notifies the parking lot manager 60 (such as the terminal of the parking lot manager) that illegal parking has occurred, the location and identification information of the parking space, information indicating the vehicle type, etc. (step S105-3-1). In step S105-4, the on-board device 40 outputs or displays a warning by voice, and in parallel, the parking lot manager 60 is notified of information such as the illegal parking location (step S105-4-1).

[0038] Third Embodiment The parking management device according to the third embodiment has the same basic configuration as the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. However, while the parking management device 50 in the first embodiment manages one parking lot 1 as shown in FIG. 1, in the third embodiment, the parking management device 50 manages multiple parking lots 1b and 1c as shown in FIG. 10. In the third embodiment, the antenna 2a included in the wireless communication antenna device 2 covers, as a communication region (communication area) 9, the areas of parking lots 1b and 1c, which include at least all parking bays 7a and 7b and all entrances / exits 5a and 6a in parking lot 1b and all parking bays 7c and 7d and all entrances / exits 5b and 6b in parking lot 1c. In this case, the antenna 2a's communication region covers the areas of two or more parking lots.

[0039] According to this embodiment, a plurality of parking lots 1 (parking lots 1b and 1c shown in FIG. 10) can be managed by one wireless communication antenna device 2 (antenna 2a).

[0040] (Effects) In the parking management device and parking management method configured as described above, an antenna whose communication area is the area of ​​the parking lot including at least all parking spaces and all entrances and exits is used to receive probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted by the vehicle-mounted device, so parking management can be performed with fewer antenna devices than the number of entrances and exits.

[0041] (Other Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design modifications and the like are also included within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, instead of the DSRC using frequencies in the GHz band described above, a wireless communication method using a frequency below 1 GHz may be used, or a combination of multiple communication methods may be used. Furthermore, the content (and division of work) of the processing performed by the data processing device 3 and the wireless communication antenna device 2 described above is merely an example. For example, some of the processing that would be performed by the data processing device 3 may be performed by the wireless communication antenna device 2, or some of the processing that would be performed by the wireless communication antenna device 2 may be performed by the data processing device 3.

[0042] <Computer Configuration> Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment. The computer 90 includes a processor 91, a main memory 92, a storage 93, and an interface 94. The parking management device 50, the data processing device 3, the wireless communication antenna device 2, and the like are implemented in the computer 90. The operations of the above-mentioned processing units are stored in the storage 93 in the form of a program. The processor 91 reads the program from the storage 93, loads it into the main memory 92, and executes the above-mentioned processing in accordance with the program. The processor 91 also allocates storage areas in the main memory 92 corresponding to the above-mentioned storage units in accordance with the program.

[0043] The program may be for realizing some of the functions to be performed by the computer 90. For example, the program may be combined with other programs already stored in storage or implemented in other devices to perform the functions. In other embodiments, the computer may include a custom LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) such as a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) in addition to or instead of the above configuration. Examples of PLDs include PAL (Programmable Array Logic), GAL (Generic Array Logic), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). In this case, some or all of the functions realized by the processor may be realized by the integrated circuit.

[0044] Examples of storage 93 include a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD), a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disc read-only memory (DVD-ROM), and a semiconductor memory. Storage 93 may be an internal medium directly connected to the bus of computer 90, or an external medium connected to computer 90 via interface 94 or a communication line. Furthermore, if this program is distributed to computer 90 via a communication line, computer 90 that receives the program may load the program into main memory 92 and execute the above-described processing. In at least one embodiment, storage 93 is a non-transitory tangible storage medium.

[0045] <Additional Notes> The parking management device 50 described in each embodiment can be understood, for example, as follows.

[0046] (1) A parking management device 50 according to a first aspect includes a communication unit (wireless communication antenna device 2) that receives probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted from an on-board device 40 using an antenna 2a whose communication range 9 is the area of ​​a parking lot 1 including at least all parking spaces and all entrances and exits, a calculation unit 31 that recognizes the entry time and exit time of the on-board device to the parking lot 1 based on the probe data received by the communication unit and calculates a parking fee based on the time difference between the entry time and the exit time, and a billing unit 32 that bills the on-board device for the parking fee by transmitting and receiving predetermined information to and from the on-board device using the communication unit. According to this aspect and the following aspects, parking management can be performed with fewer antenna devices (antennas 2a, wireless communication antenna devices 2) than the number of entrances and exits.

[0047] (2) The parking management device 50 according to the first aspect is the parking management device of (1), further comprising a detection unit 33 that detects illegal parking within the parking lot based on the probe data received by the communication unit, and the billing unit bills the onboard device for a fine for the illegal parking.

[0048] (3) The parking management device 50 according to the third aspect is the parking management device of (1) or (2), and the billing unit 32 bills the on-board device for the fine if the illegal parking continues for a predetermined period of time or longer.

[0049] (4) The parking management device 50 according to the fourth aspect is a parking management device according to any one of (1) to (3), and further includes a warning unit 34 that uses the communication unit to send warning information indicating that the illegal parking has occurred to the vehicle-mounted device in which the illegal parking has been detected.

[0050] (5) The parking management device 50 according to the fifth aspect is a parking management device according to any one of (1) to (4), and further includes a notification unit 35 that notifies the manager of the parking lot that the illegal parking has been detected.

[0051] (6) The parking management device 50 according to the sixth aspect is a parking management device according to any one of (1) to (5), in which the illegal parking is parking of a vehicle rented by the hour in a designated area for a person who has made a prior contract.

[0052] (7) A parking management device 50 according to a seventh aspect is a parking management device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the antenna has a communication area covering the areas of two or more parking lots.

[0053] (8) The parking management device 50 according to the eighth aspect is a parking management device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the probe data includes the identification information, the location information, and vehicle type information, and the calculation unit calculates the parking fee based on the time difference and the vehicle type information.

[0054] According to each aspect of the present invention, parking management can be performed with fewer antenna devices than the number of entrances and exits.

[0055] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a, 1b, 1c... Parking lot 2... Wireless communication antenna device 2a... Antenna 3... Data processing device 4... Vehicle 9... Communication area 31... Calculation unit 32... Request unit 33... Detection unit 34... Warning unit 35... Notification unit 36... Storage unit 40... Vehicle-mounted device

Claims

1. A parking management device comprising: a communication unit that receives probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted by an on-board device using an antenna whose communication area is the area of the parking lot including at least all parking spaces and all entrances and exits; a calculation unit that recognizes the entry time and exit time of the on-board device to the parking lot and the exit time from the parking lot based on the probe data received by the communication unit, and calculates a parking fee based on the time difference between the entry time and the exit time; and a billing unit that bills the on-board device for the parking fee by sending and receiving specified information to and from the on-board device using the communication unit.

2. The parking management device of claim 1, further comprising a detection unit that detects illegal parking within the parking lot based on the probe data received by the communication unit, and the billing unit bills the onboard device for a fine for the illegal parking.

3. The parking management device according to claim 2, wherein the invoice section invoices the vehicle-mounted device for the fine if the illegal parking continues for a predetermined period of time or more.

4. The parking management device according to claim 3, further comprising a warning unit that uses the communication unit to send warning information indicating that the illegal parking has occurred to the vehicle-mounted device in which the illegal parking has been detected.

5. The parking management device according to claim 4, further comprising a notification unit that notifies the manager of the parking lot that the illegal parking has been detected.

6. The parking management device according to claim 5, wherein the illegal parking is parking of a vehicle for hourly rental in a space reserved for a person who has made a prior contract.

7. The parking management device according to claim 6, wherein the antenna has a communication area covering the areas of two or more parking lots.

8. The parking management device according to claim 7, wherein the probe data includes the identification information, the location information, and vehicle type information, and the calculation unit calculates the parking fee based on the time difference and the vehicle type information.

9. A parking management method comprising the steps of: receiving probe data including identification information and location information periodically transmitted by an on-board device using an antenna whose communication area is the area of the parking lot including at least all parking spaces and all entrances and exits; recognizing the entry time and exit time of the on-board device into the parking lot and the exit time from the parking lot based on the probe data received by the communication unit, and calculating a parking fee based on the time difference between the entry time and the exit time; and charging the on-board device for the parking fee by sending and receiving specified information to and from the on-board device using the communication unit.

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