Carrier wave and energy management for a wireless device
By determining device capabilities and energy status, the network entity optimizes carrier wave transmission in UL or DL bands for A-IoT devices, addressing inefficiencies in power management and interference, thus enhancing energy efficiency and reducing consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077132
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless devices, particularly A-IoT devices, face challenges in efficiently managing carrier wave transmission and energy harvesting due to limitations in frequency shifting capabilities and energy storage, leading to interference and inefficient power consumption.
A network entity determines the device's capabilities and energy status to transmit carrier waves in either the UL or DL band, considering frequency shifting and energy availability, enabling informed decisions for energy transfer and communication.
This approach enhances energy efficiency, reduces power consumption, and effectively manages a large number of low-power devices by optimizing carrier wave transmission based on device capabilities and energy needs.
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Figure CN2024077132_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CARRIER WAVE AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR A WIRELESS DEVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This disclosure relates generally to wireless communication and some aspects relate to a carrier wave transmission / reception and energy management for a wireless device, such as an ambient internet-of-things (A-IoT) device.BACKGROUND
[0002] This background description is provided for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
[0003] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) publishes technical specifications for a variety of radio access technologies and communication system features. Wireless communication technology continues to evolve to decrease power consumption and increase communication efficiency. In one such technology, a wireless device (sometimes referred to as an ambient internet-of-things (A-IoT) device) can communicate using backscatter communication via ambient radio frequency (RF) signals. In some implementations, the wireless device harvests energy from ambient RF signals to collect enough power for communication or other operations of the device. An A-IoT device typically has lower complexity, lower power consumption, and lower communication data rate compared to other types of devices (such as user equipment (UEs) ) . In some instances, an A-IoT device can include a sensor, actuator, controller, or other components associated with industrial automation, wearable devices, or smart home components, among other examples.
[0004] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0005] The systems, methods, and apparatuses of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0006] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a method for wireless communication by a wireless device. The method includes receiving a downlink (DL) or forward communication from a network entity, the DL or forward communication including carrier wave information about a carrier wave in a DL band or an uplink (UL) band, receiving the carrier wave based on the carrier wave information, and selectively transmitting an UL communication using the carrier wave.
[0007] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a method for wireless communication by a network entity. The method includes transmitting a DL or forward communication to a wireless device, the DL or forward communication including carrier wave information about a carrier wave in a DL band or an UL band, causing a transmission of the carrier wave based on the carrier wave information, and receiving an UL communication from the wireless device via the carrier wave.
[0008] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as an apparatus that includes a communication unit and a processing system configured to control the communication unit to implement any one of the above-referenced methods.
[0009] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. Note that the relative dimensions of the figures may not be drawn to scale. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.
[0011] FIG. 1A shows an example wireless communication system and an implementation of wireless device communicating with a network entity.
[0012] FIG. 1B shows example scenarios in which a carrier wave can be transmitted in an uplink (UL) band or a downlink (DL) band.
[0013] FIG. 2A shows an example topology in which a wireless device communicates with a network entity.
[0014] FIG. 2B shows an example topology including a wireless device, an assisting node, and a network entity.
[0015] FIG. 2C shows an example topology in which a wireless device communicates with a network entity.
[0016] FIG. 2D shows an example topology including a wireless device and a user equipment (UE) .
[0017] FIG. 3A shows an example first-type device.
[0018] FIG. 3B shows an example second-type device.
[0019] FIG. 4 shows a communication flow diagram for transmitting a carrier wave to a wireless device and example energy management operations.
[0020] FIG. 5 shows a first example communication flow diagram.
[0021] FIG. 6 shows a second example communication flow diagram.
[0022] FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram with example operations for determining a frequency band for a carrier wave.
[0023] FIG. 8A shows a timing diagram with example energy management operations based on an energy timer.
[0024] FIG. 8B shows a timing diagram with example energy management operations based on an energy information report, such as an out-of-power report or energy status report.
[0025] FIG. 9 shows a carrier wave being transmitted to support UL communication and / or energy harvesting for multiple wireless devices.
[0026] FIG. 10 shows example capability information for various aspects of this disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 11 shows example control signaling for various aspects of this disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 12 illustrates an example protocol stack for communications between a wireless device and wireless communication network.
[0029] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of an example device and an example network entity.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The following description is directed to certain implementations for the purpose of describing innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a multitude of different ways. Some of the examples in this disclosure are based on wireless communication according to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) wireless standards, such as ambient internet-of-things (A-IoT) , the 4th generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5th generation (5G) New Radio (NR) standards. However, the described implementations can be implemented in any device, system, or network that is capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals according to any of the wireless communication standards, including any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 or 802.16 wireless standards, or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless, cellular, or IoT network, such as a system utilizing 4G, 5G, 6G, ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiFi, or future radio technology.
[0031] In some examples of this disclosure, a wireless device (sometimes referred to as a “device” for brevity) can be an A-IoT device. An A-IoT device is intended to operate on very low power. In some implementations, an A-IoT device does not require a battery and can operate using energy harvesting of an external energy source such as an external radio frequency (RF) signal. In some implementations, an A-IoT device may have limited energy storage capability that can be replenished by energy harvesting such that the energy storage (e.g., a battery or capacitance circuit) does not need to be replaced or recharged manually. Typically, an A-IoT device also implements ambient communication techniques to communicate with a network entity, user equipment (UE) , or another device. Ambient communication (sometimes also referred to as backscatter communication) enables low power connectivity using backscatter modulation on the external RF signal (which can be referred to as a carrier wave) to effectively transmit a communication. The wireless device can use a carrier wave for energy harvesting, backscatter communication, or both. The wireless device can also use or receive other types of DL transmissions for energy harvesting. The wireless device can also use the harvested energy for other A-IoT operations. In some implementations, a wireless device may support both a first mode using ambient communication (such as when the wireless device does not have enough stored energy for RF signal generation) as well as a second mode in which the wireless device generates a communication signal without backscattering a carrier wave.
[0032] Some ambient wireless devices are capable of frequency shifting while other wireless devices are not. Frequency shifting refers to the capability of the wireless device to receive a carrier wave in a first frequency range and reflect the carrier wave out (with backscatter modulation) in a different frequency range. When a network entity transmits (or causes another node to transmit) the carrier wave, the network entity may consider the frequency shifting capability of the wireless device. Causing a node to transmit a carrier wave can also be referred to as triggering or prompting the node to transmit the carrier wave. In some implementations, the network entity may transmit the carrier wave in a downlink frequency band (DL band) or an uplink frequency band (UL band) based on whether the wireless device supports frequency shifting. It should be apparent that the designations of uplink and downlink are relative to a wireless device. UL transmissions refer to communication that leaves the wireless device, while DL transmissions refer to transmissions that arrive at the wireless device. From the perspective of a network entity, a DL transmission (sometimes also referred to as a forward transmission) is one that is sent to the recipient wireless device. Furthermore, a UL band is a frequency band generally used for UL transmissions from the wireless device, while a DL band is a frequency band that is generally used for DL transmissions. In the case of a carrier wave where a DL signal is sent to the wireless device and the wireless device uses backscatter communication to communicate a UL communication on the carrier wave, the same signal (carrier wave) may have a DL signal component and a UL communication component. One aim of this disclosure is to coordinate whether a carrier wave transmission / reception is in a UL band or a DL band. For a wireless device that does not support frequency shifting, a carrier wave in the DL band could result in backscattered signal in the DL band causing interference to other downlink signals and / or uplink signals. A wireless device can use the carrier wave or stored energy to transmit an uplink communication to the network entity. The phrase “transmit a communication” can include either backscatter modulation (with or without frequency shifting) on an external RF signal (such as a carrier wave) or transmitting an RF signal that the wireless device generates.
[0033] A network entity also may take into consideration the energy status of the wireless device. Depending on how frequently or how recently the previous carrier wave (s) were transmitted to the wireless device, the wireless device might or might not have enough energy stored to perform some A-IoT operations, including some types of uplink communication. For example, when the wireless device has sufficient stored energy, the wireless device might support RF signal generation for UL communication without a need for a carrier wave. Otherwise, when the wireless device does not have sufficient stored energy, the wireless device may revert to ambient communication or the first mode, in which case the network entity may transmit a carrier wave to enable the wireless device to harvest energy and / or backscatter an UL communication using the carrier wave.
[0034] This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatuses for carrier wave transmission / reception. Carrier wave transmission / reception refers to the transmission of the carrier wave by a network entity or node and the reception of the carrier wave by a wireless device. In this disclosure, concepts that describe transmitting (or transmission) operations by one entity can also be referred to as receiving (or reception) operations by another entity. Some aspects of this disclosure describe how a network entity transmits a carrier wave to a wireless device, such as via the UL band or DL band. The carrier wave can be based on device capabilities of the wireless device, such as whether the wireless device supports frequency shifting, RF signal generation, and / or an amount of energy available at the wireless device. In some aspects, the wireless device can provide information, such as an energy profile. In some aspects, the energy profile may enable the network entity to estimate or determine how much energy is available at the wireless device. The energy profile can indicate, for example, the peak power consumption, discharge rate, and / or energy storage capacity, among other examples. According to some aspects, the network entity can determine or estimate the available energy at the wireless device based on the energy profile and / or the recency or frequency of carrier waves that have been transmitted to the wireless device. Alternatively, or additionally, the wireless device can communicate an energy information report (such as an energy status report or an out-of-power report) to inform the network entity about its energy status.
[0035] Particular implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. A network entity can make an informed or deterministic decision about when and how to transmit a carrier wave based on a variety of factors. Similarly, the wireless device realizes an advantage of being informed when and where to obtain the carrier wave for a UL communication or energy harvesting. The disclosed techniques improve energy efficiency and reduce power consumption. Additionally, or alternatively, the disclosed techniques can enable a network entity to manage a large number of low-power devices in a serving cell by transmitting a carrier wave for energy transfer and UL communications.
[0036] Although the concepts and examples described in this document are based on example deployments of A-IoT devices, the concepts can apply to other types of deployments in which a carrier wave is used for communication, energy transfer, or both. Some aspects of this disclosure can be adapted for wireless power transfer and / or backscatter communication in wireless communication systems, including those that are based on LTE, 5G NR, 6G, or other radio access technologies.
[0037] FIG. 1A shows an example wireless communication system 100 and an implementation of wireless device 110 communicating with a network entity 105. Although illustrated as an A-IoT device in FIG. 1A, the wireless device 110 can be implemented as any suitable electronic device, such as a mobile communication device, a modem, cellular phone, gaming device, navigation device, media device, laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, smart appliance, vehicle-based communication system, an Internet-of-things (IoT) device (e.g., sensor node, controller / actuator node, combination thereof) , and the like. In some implementations, the network entity 105 is a base station. Alternatively, or additionally, the network entity 105 can include a transmission and reception point (TRP) , relay, UE, or other type of hardware capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more applicable radio access technologies (RATs) as specified by one or more communications protocols or standards. The network entity 105 may employ any of a variety of RATs, such as operating as a NodeB (or base transceiver station (BTS) ) for a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) RAT (also known as “3G” ) , operating as an enhanced NodeB ( “eNB” ) for a 3GPP LTE RAT, operating as a 5G node B ( “gNB” ) for a 3GPP Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) RAT, and the like. The network entity 105 (e.g., base station, an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Node B (E-UTRAN Node B) , evolved Node B, eNodeB, eNB, Next Generation Node B, gNode B, gNB, ng-eNB, access point, radio head or the like) , may be implemented in a macrocell, microcell, small cell, picocell, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the functionality, and thus the hardware components, of the network entity 105 may be distributed across multiple network nodes or devices and may be distributed in a manner to perform the functions described herein. As one example, the functionality of the network entity 105 may be distributed across a combination of a radio unit (RU) , distributed unit (DU) , and a central unit (CU) .
[0038] The network entity 105 and the wireless device 110 utilize an uplink (UL) transmission path for UL communication from the wireless device 110 to the network entity 105, and a downlink (DL) transmission path for DL communication from the network entity 105 to the wireless device 110. In some implementations, the UL transmission path may include a data message / signal, a control message / signal, a reference signal, and a connection establishment signal / message. In some implementations, the UL transmission path may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) , a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) , and a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) . The PUSCH is used for the transmission of user data, such as voice data, video data, or text message data from the wireless device 110 to network entity 105. Additionally, the PUSCH may be used to transmit control information (e.g., uplink control information (UCI) ) . The PUSCH may be shared by multiple UEs. The PUCCH is used for transmitting control information (e.g., UCI) from the UE to the network, such as channel quality feedback, scheduling requests, and acknowledgments. The PRACH is used for random access in the uplink direction, enabling the wireless device 110 to access the system without a prior reservation. The DL transmission path may include one or more of a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) , a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) , a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) , or a paging channel. The PDSCH is used for transmission of user data from the network entity 105 to the wireless device 110. The PDSCH may be shared by multiple UEs. As with the PUSCH, PDSCH data may be any type of information, such as voice data, video data, or text message data. The paging channel is used to notify the wireless device 110 that there is incoming traffic for it from the network entity 105.
[0039] Radio resource control (RRC) is a component of a radio interface protocol stack that the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110 use to communicate. Among other functions, the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110 may use RRC messaging to establish and / or release radio connections and resources. In an RRC connected state, the wireless device 110 has an active wireless radio connection with a network entity 105. When an active wireless radio connection is not needed, the wireless device 110 can transition from the RRC connected state to an RRC idle or inactive state to release or suspend, respectively, the wireless radio connection. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may not maintain or stay in any of RRC state (e.g., RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_CONNECTED) , regardless of whether RRC connection has been established or whether RRC connection is supported for the wireless device 110. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may not support or perform cell selection / re-selection procedures as often as a traditional UE, or possibly not at all. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may not support or perform automatic repeat request (ARQ) or hybrid ARQ (HARQ) features.
[0040] The network entity 105 may communicate or serve one or more wireless devices (such as the wireless device 110) in a serving cell operating in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and / or licensed spectrum. In some instances, the wireless device 110 may be different from a traditional UE. For example, the wireless device 110 may implement A-IoT features and may be referred to as an A-IoT device, low-power device, backscatter device, or other terms, depending on the design and features of the wireless device 110. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 is a low complexity device with low power consumption for an IoT application. The wireless device 110 may fulfill use cases and scenarios that cannot be fulfilled using existing 3GPP low power wide area (LPWA) IoT technology (e.g., narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) including with reduced peak transmit power) . FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B describe some potential capabilities and design specifications for examples of the wireless device 110.
[0041] In some implementations, the network entity 105 may communicate or serve the wireless device 110 in frequency division duplexing (FDD) manner or spectrum. In some implementations, the network entity 105 may transmit or forward DL transmissions to the wireless device 110 in a DL band. For example, FIG. 1A shows a DL communication 140 from the 105 to the wireless device 110. In addition to conveying configuration information, control signaling, and / or DL data, the DL communication 140 also can provide energy to the wireless device 110 when the wireless device 110 includes energy harvesting capabilities. The network entity 105 can also transmit (or cause another entity to transmit) a carrier wave 150 to the wireless device 110 to enable energy harvesting, UL communication, or both. Alternatively, or additionally, the wireless device 110 can obtain energy or communicate using a carrier wave 151 from other entities 109. In some implementations, a carrier wave 150 may be a reference signal, a resource / wave with transmission power detectable, or a sequence. The wireless device 110 can communicate (i.e., transmit) a UL communication 170 to the network entity 105 using backscatter modulation of the carrier wave 150 (or 151) . The network entity may receive the UL communication 170 from the wireless device 110 in an UL band. FIG. 1B, described below, provides further information about the UL band and DL band. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may use the received carrier wave 150 for automatic gain control (AGC) .
[0042] In some implementations, when the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150 to the wireless device 110, the network entity 105 may not transmit the carrier wave 150 directly. For example, the network entity may trigger or cause another entity (such as an intermediate node, a UE, an assisting node, a TRP, an A-IoT device with RF signal generation capability, or another network entity) to transmit the carrier wave 150 to the wireless device 110.
[0043] The network entity 105 may control timing of the carrier wave 150 based on one or more predetermined or configurable settings. For example, in some implementations, the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150 to the wireless device 110, before or in the same slot with a configured (or indicated or scheduled) opportunity for the wireless device 110 to transmit the UL communication 170. In some implementations, the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150 periodically or semi-periodically. Periodically or semi-periodically transmitted carrier waves may provide repeated opportunities for UL communication or for energy transfer to the wireless device 110. In some implementations, the network entity 105 configures a periodicity (T) and a slot offset (S) for the carrier wave 150. In some implementations, the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150 at slot N, if N mod T = S. In some implementations, the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150 in one or multiple consecutive or non-consecutive slots. In some implementations, the network entity 105 configures, to the wireless device 110, the number of slots for the carrier wave 150 and / or the interval between every two slots for carrier wave 150. In some implementations, the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150 in a subset of or all symbols in each configured slot. In some implementations, the network entity 105 configures the symbol index, e.g., starting symbol index and number of symbols, for the carrier wave 150.
[0044] In some implementations, the network entity provides configuration information to the wireless device 110 (such as via the DL communication 140) . The network entity 105 can transmit the configuration information by an RRC message, MAC CE, or control signal, among other examples. The configuration information enables the wireless device 110 to determine the frequency and timing of the carrier wave 150. In some implementations, the network entity transmits a control signal to the wireless device 110 to indicate a frequency of the carrier wave 150. In some implementations, the network entity 105 refrains from transmitting the control signal and the carrier wave 150 in the same slot. Thus, the scheduling offset between the end (e.g., last symbol) of the control signal and the start (e.g., first symbol) of the carrier wave may be above or equal to a threshold, where the threshold may be predefined, associated with a device capability of the wireless device 110, or configured by the network entity 105. The configuration information (such as a control signal in the DL communication 140) may indicate time-domain resource for the carrier wave (e.g., slot offset, number of slots, symbol index, number of symbols and so on) and / or frequency-domain resource for the carrier wave (e.g., resource elements or resource blocks for the carrier wave, band or carrier for the carrier wave, and so on) . In some implementations, the network entity may transmit the control signal in a group-common manner (e.g., based on a configured or predefined radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) ) or dedicated manner (e.g., based on cell RNTI (C-RNTI) ) . In some implementations, the control signal may be a UL grant, a DL assignment, or a group-common DCI, among other examples.
[0045] FIG. 1B shows example scenarios in which a carrier wave can be transmitted in a UL band 164 or a DL band 162. FIG. 1B illustrates a few possible scenarios. For example, when the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150A in the UL band 164, the wireless device 110 can use backscatter communication (with or without frequency shifting) to transmit the UL communication 170 in the UL band 164. This scenario is useful, for example, when the wireless device 110 does not support frequency shifting, or the frequency shifting offset capability of the wireless device 110 does not support the frequency difference 165 between the DL band 162 and the UL band 164. In another scenario, the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150B in the DL band 162. If the wireless device 110 supports frequency shifting, the wireless device 110 can shift the frequency of the carrier wave 150B to the UL band 164 and / or transmit the UL communication 170 in the UL band 164. Alternatively, if the wireless device 110 does not support frequency shifting, the wireless device 110 may refrain from backscattering the carrier wave 150B. In such case, backscattering the carrier wave 150B would cause interference in the DL band 162. Alternatively, if the wireless device 110 or the network entity 105 (or both) support interference cancellation, the wireless device 110 may backscatter the carrier wave 150B to transmit the UL communication 170' in the DL band 162. These example scenarios are further described below.
[0046] In a first scenario, the network entity 105 transmits (or causes transmission of) the carrier wave 150A in the UL band 164. In some implementations, the network entity 105 refrains from transmitting other DL signals in the DL band 162 at the same time as the carrier wave 150A. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may not expect or may not prepare to receive the carrier wave in the UL band and other DL signals in the DL band, where the carrier wave and the other DL signals are partially or fully overlapped in time domain. Alternatively, if the wireless device 110 supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band, the network entity 105 may transmit DL signals in the DL band 162 partially or fully overlapping in time domain with the carrier wave 150A in the UL band 164. In some implementations, if at least one wireless device in the serving cell supports simultaneous reception of a carrier wave 150A in the UL band 164 and a DL transmission (not shown) in the DL band 162, the network entity 105 may transmit the carrier wave 150A in the UL band 164 and a DL transmission (not shown) in the DL band 162, where the carrier wave 150A and the DL transmission are partially or fully overlapped in time domain. In some implementations, if the wireless device 110 supports simultaneous reception of a carrier wave 150A in the UL band 164 and a DL transmission (not shown) in the DL band 162, the wireless device 110 may expect or may prepare to receive the carrier wave 150A in the UL band 164 and other DL signals in the DL band 162, where the carrier wave 150A and the other DL signals are partially or fully overlapped in time domain.
[0047] In a second scenario, the network entity 105 transmits (or causes transmission of) the carrier wave 150B in the DL band 162. In some implementations, the network entity 105 may transmit the carrier wave 150B and another DL transmission (not shown) to the same wireless device 110 or different wireless devices using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) in the DL band 162. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 (or another entity) communicates capability information to the 105 to indicate a capability of the wireless device 110 and / or supported range of frequency difference for frequency shifting. FIG. 10 provides example capability information. Relative to FIG. 1B, the wireless device 110 may support frequency shifting and / or support a frequency shifting offset greater than or equal to the frequency difference 165 between the DL band 162 and the UL band 164 (such as a frequency difference 165 between the center frequencies of the DL band 162 and the UL band 164) . If so, then the network entity 105 may transmit the carrier wave 150B to the wireless device 110 in the DL band 162 with the expectation that the wireless device 110 will perform frequency shifting to transmit the UL communication 170 in the UL band 164. In some implementations, even when the wireless device 110 supports frequency shifting and / or support a frequency shifting offset greater than or equal to the frequency difference 165 between the DL band 162 and the UL band 164, the wireless device 110 may not perform frequency shifting of a carrier wave 150B received on the UL band 164, and may just backscatter or transmit the UL communication 170 in the UL band 164.
[0048] In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may transmit or backscatter the UL communication 170 using the carrier wave 150B, if received. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may transmit or backscatter the UL communication 170 using the carrier wave 150B, after a time offset after the end (e.g., last symbol) of the carrier wave 150B in the DL band 162. In some implementations, the time offset may be predefined, configured by the network entity 105 by RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI, or reported by the wireless device 110 based on device capability.
[0049] Continuing with the second scenario, there is a possible implementation in which the network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 150B in the DL band 162 but the wireless device 110 does not support frequency shifting. In such cases, there may be different resulting behaviors that the wireless device 110 can take. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may transmit the UL communication 170' in the DL band 162 without changing / shifting the frequency of the carrier wave 150B. For example, the wireless device 110 may transmit or backscatter the UL communication 170' at a same center frequency as the carrier wave 150B. If so, then the network entity 105, the wireless device 110, or both, may implement an interference cancellation receiver to make sure that DL communications and UL communications (both in the DL band) do not cause interference to each other. In a different implementation, if the wireless device 110 does not support frequency shifting and the carrier wave 150B is in the DL band 162, the wireless device 110 may refrain from backscattering the carrier wave 150B in the DL band 162. The wireless device 110 might still use the carrier wave 150B for energy harvesting or other A-IoT operations that do not involve signal manipulation by the wireless device 110 in the DL band 162.
[0050] FIG. 2A shows an example topology diagram 200A in which a wireless device 110 communicates with a network entity 105. The communication link 201 can be bidirectional or unidirectional. In FIG. 2A, the wireless device 110 communicates directly and bidirectionally with the network entity 105. The communication link 201 between the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110 can include A-IoT data and / or signaling. The network entity 105 (or a different network entity, not shown) can provide a carrier wave to enable communication. Furthermore, the network entity 105 transmitting to the wireless device 110 can be different from the network entity (not shown) receiving a UL communication from the wireless device 110. In some implementations, both the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110 are indoors. Alternatively, one or both of the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110 can be outdoors. In some implementations, the network entity 105 can serve UEs (not shown) using UEs and A-IoT devices (such as the wireless device 110) in a micro-cell.
[0051] FIG. 2B shows an example topology diagram 200B including a wireless device 110, an intermediate node 207, and a network entity 105. For example, the network entity 105 can be outdoors while the wireless device 110 is indoors. The wireless device 110 communicates with the intermediate node 207 and the intermediate node 207 transfers A-IoT data and / or signaling between the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110. In some implementations, the intermediate node 207 can be a UE that serves as the intermediate node 207 under control (at least for A-IoT functions) of the network entity 105. The network entity 105 can serve UEs and A-IoT devices (such as the wireless device 110) in a macro-cell.
[0052] The wireless device 110 communicates via link 201 with the intermediate node 207 (e.g., transmit UL transmission toward the intermediate node 207 and / or receive DL transmission from the intermediate node 207) . In some implementations, the intermediate node 207 may be a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE (e.g., mobile UE) , or a repeater, among other examples. The intermediate node 207 may perform transmission and reception operations based on A-IoT technical specifications. The network entity 105 may control the A-IoT functionality of the intermediate node 207 including allocation of time and / or frequency resources for A-IoT communication (such as the carrier wave and DL communication to the wireless device 110) .
[0053] FIG. 2C shows example topology diagrams in which an assisting node 208 participates in the communication between a wireless device 110 and a network entity 105. In a first topology diagram 200C-1, the wireless device 110 transmits data / signaling via a UL link 203A to a network entity 105 and receives DL data / signaling via a DL link 205A from the assisting node 208. In a second topology diagram 200C-2, the wireless device 110 receives DL data / signaling via a DL link 205A from the network entity 105 and transmits UL data / signaling via the UL link 203A to the assisting node 208. As described regarding the intermediate node 207 of FIG. 2B, the assisting node 208 can be one of a variety of entities, including a UE, a relay, an IAB, a repeater, etc. For either topology diagram 200C-1 or 200C-2, it is possible for the network entity 105 or the assisting node 208 (or another entity, not shown) to transmit the carrier wave that enables uplink communication via the UL link 203A.
[0054] FIG. 2D shows an example topology diagram 200D including a wireless device 110 and a UE 202. The wireless device 110 and the UE 202 can communicate directly and bidirectionally via the communication link 201 using A-IoT features including a carrier wave and control signaling. For the purposes of this disclosure, the UE 202 can perform all the features described with reference to a network entity 105.
[0055] FIG. 3A shows an example first-type device 310A. The first-type device 310A is an example of a first type of wireless device 110. The example first-type device 310A includes a communication interface 311, a communication coil 312, a backscatter modulator 316, and a controller 319 (or processor) . In some implementations, the first-type device 310A can include an energy storage 314, an energy harvester 315, and a sensor 313. When present, the energy harvester 315 can obtain energy from communication signals, such as the carrier wave 150. The first-type device 310A can use the harvested energy to power the communication interface 311, the controller 319, or both. In some implementations, the first-type device 310A can store harvested energy in the energy storage 314. Examples of the energy storage 314 include a rechargeable battery, a button cell battery, a capacitor circuit, a capacitor bank, or combination of storage elements, among other examples. The first-type device 310A may include other components (not shown) .
[0056] Below is a non-restrictive and non-exhaustive list of some possible example specifications for an example first-type device 310A:
[0057] · the peak power consumption of the first-type device 310A may be around 1 μW;
[0058] · the first-type device 310A may be equipped with energy storage 314;
[0059] · the first-type device 310A may be able to harvest or obtain energy from ambient power (e.g., RF energy, solar energy / light, thermal energy, or mechanical vibration, among other examples) and / or store energy in the energy storage 314;
[0060] · the initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of the first-type device 310A may be up to 10X ppm;
[0061] · the first-type device 310A may not support amplification of DL reception or UL transmission;
[0062] · the first-type device 310A may perform UL transmission by backscattering on a carrier wave provided externally; and / or
[0063] · the first-type device 310A may not support generating RF signal (e.g., for UL transmission) internally by itself.
[0064] FIG. 3B shows an example second-type device. The second-type device 310B is an example of a second type of wireless device 110. The example second-type device 310B includes the same components as described for the first-type device 310A with the addition of an RF signal generator and transmit modulator 317. The RF signal generator and transmit modulator 317 is capable of using stored energy from the energy storage 314 and generating an RF UL signal 370. While the second-type device 310B still may use a carrier wave 150 for harvesting energy to store in the energy storage 314, the RF signal generator and transmit modulator 317 can transmit UL signal 370 without using backscatter modulation of the carrier wave 150. It is noted that the second-type device 310B can only transmit the UL signal 370 when the RF signal generator and transmit modulator 317 can obtain sufficient stored energy from the energy storage 314. In instances when the energy storage 314 is depleted or there is insufficient energy to transmit the UL signal 370, the second-type device 310B may operate similar to the first-type device 310A and use the backscatter modulator 316 to transmit a UL communication using the carrier wave 150. The second-type device 310B may include other components (not shown) . In some implementations, the second-type device 310B may include a signal amplifier or other components of a transmit (TX) chain or transmitter.
[0065] Below is a non-restrictive and non-exhaustive list of some possible example specifications for an example second-type device 310B:
[0066] · the peak power consumption of the second-type device 310B may be around a few hundreds of μW or below 1 mW;
[0067] · the second-type device 310B may be equipped with energy storage 314;
[0068] · the second-type device 310B may be able to harvest or obtain energy from ambient power (e.g., RF energy, solar energy / light, thermal energy, or mechanical vibration, among other examples) and / or store energy in the energy storage 314;
[0069] · the initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of the second-type device 310B may be up to 10X ppm;
[0070] · the second-type device 310B may support amplification of DL reception or UL transmission;
[0071] · the second-type device 310B may support UL transmission by backscattering on a carrier wave provided externally; and / or
[0072] · the second-type device 310B also may support generating RF signal (e.g., for UL transmission) internally by itself.
[0073] FIG. 4 shows a communication flow diagram 400 for transmitting a carrier wave to a wireless device and example energy management operations. At block 420, a network entity 105 determines the device capability of the wireless device 110. In some implementations, the network entity 105 receives capability information from the wireless device 110 (such as via a capability message 422) or from another node 403. For example, the network entity 105 can obtain capability information 421 from a central management entity, a network function of a core network (such as subscription server) , or other entity. In some implementations, the network entity 105 can obtain the capability information from a combination of sources. The device capability information can indicate capabilities of the wireless device 110, such as whether the wireless device 110 supports DL / UL amplification, frequency shifting, simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band, energy information reports. In some implementations, the capability information can include energy profile information such as peak power consumption, a discharge rate, energy storage capacity, and / or an amount of time that the wireless device 110 can operate using harvested energy after receiving a carrier wave.
[0074] In some implementations, the network entity 105 may transmit an initial carrier wave (not shown) to enable the wireless device 110 to backscatter or transmit a capability information capability message 422. In some implementations, before the network entity 105 obtains the device capability 420, the network entity 105 may use a default configuration or baseline capability for the wireless device 110. For example, the baseline device capabilities might include one or more characteristics of the first-type device, no frequency shifting capability, no simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band, among other examples. In some implementations, before the network entity 105 obtains the device capability 420, the network entity 105 may transmit the initial carrier wave to the wireless device 110 only on the UL band. In some implementations, before the wireless device 110 transmits the capability message 422, if the wireless device 110 receives an initial carrier wave (not shown) in a band (DL band or UL band) , the wireless device 110 may backscatter the initial carrier wave via the same band in which it was received (e.g., without performing frequency shifting) , even the wireless device 110 supports frequency shifting. In some implementations, before the wireless device 110 transmits the capability message 422, the wireless device 110 may not expect or prepare to receive a carrier wave in the DL band or receive simultaneous transmissions in the UL band and the DL band. In some implementations, the capability message 422 may indicate or include a device type or a device identity.
[0075] At block 430, the network entity 105 can determine a band for a carrier wave. For example, the network entity 105 can select whether to transmit the carrier wave in a UL band or a DL band as described with reference to FIG. 1A. FIG. 7 also provides an example flow chart with possible factors that a network entity 105 can consider when selecting a band for the carrier wave. At block 440, the network entity 105 transmits one or more DL communications to inform the wireless device 110 about time and / or frequency resources for the carrier wave. The DL communication 440 can include any combination of messages or signaling, such as a configuration message 442, control signaling 444, or a control signal including information 446 about the carrier wave. In some implementations, a configuration message 442 can provide some configuration settings, such as periodicity, frequency band, or timing information to configure a baseline set of parameters or settings. A potential technical advantage of doing so is that the configuration message 442 can include more information as a one-time or less frequency communication, while the control signaling 444 or information 446 can require less communication overhead. In some implementations, the control signaling 444 can include an UL grant or a DL assignment. The information 446 can be included in the control signaling 444 or can be part of a separate control signal that is sent just prior to the carrier wave 450.
[0076] The network entity 105 transmits (or causes another entity, not shown, to transmit) the carrier wave 450 to the wireless device 110 based on the carrier wave information included in the DL communication 440. The wireless device 110 transmits an UL communication 470 backscattered on the carrier wave 450. If the wireless device 110 is configured to do so, the wireless device 110 can harvest energy from the carrier wave 450. In some implementations, as further described with reference to FIG. 8A, the wireless device 110 can reset an energy timer (block 455) to maintain synchronization with an energy status timer at the network entity 105. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 can reset the energy timer (block 455) , when receiving the carrier wave 450 or a DL transmission, which may be used for energy harvesting. Additionally, at block 460, the wireless device 110 may perform frequency shifting if the wireless device 110 supports it. The frequency shifting may be configured by the network entity 105 in the DL communication 440 (such as the configuration message 442 or control signaling 444) so that the wireless device 110 transmits the UL communication 470 at a frequency of the UL band where the network entity 105 will receive the UL communication 470.
[0077] If the wireless device 110 is capable of sending energy information reports, the wireless device 110 may transmit an energy information report 480 to the network entity 105. The network entity 105 may configure (such as via the configuration message 442 or the control signaling 444) which energy information report (s) for the wireless device 110 to transmit. Examples of the energy information report 480 include an energy status report or an out-of-power report. An out-of-power report can be sent when a remaining stored energy falls below a first energy threshold or when the energy timer expires or falls below a time threshold. An energy status report can indicate how much energy is remaining, how much time is remaining on the energy timer, changes in power consumption, or other status information about the energy availability at the wireless device 110. In some implementation, the wireless device 110 may transmit an out-of-power report (also referred to as an OOP report) to the network entity 105, if the ratio of its remaining stored energy to maximum stored energy is below a second energy threshold, or the difference between its remaining stored energy and maximum stored energy is below a third energy threshold. In some cases, the first, second, and / or third energy thresholds may be configured by the network (such as the network entity 105) or reported by the wireless device 110, or predefined. The energy status report can indicate an exact value, a quantized value, an index mapping to a predefined energy level (e.g., in a lookup table) . In some implementations, the energy status report is a periodic report, a semi-persistent report, or a triggered / aperiodic report (such as if energy falls below a threshold or based on a change in energy consumption or being prompted by the network entity 105 via configuration / activation / indication) , or included with each N instances of UL communications (where N is equal to or greater than 1) . In some implementations, when the network entity 105 receives the energy status report, the network entity 105 may determine bit length or size of a subsequent DL transmission to be transmitted to the wireless device 110 based on the energy status report. For example, the network entity 105 may adjust more or less duration of the subsequent DL transmission to provide more or less energy harvesting opportunity for the wireless device 110.
[0078] FIG. 5 shows a first example communication flow diagram 500. The events at 522, 542, 544, 546, 550, 560, 570, and 580 are similar to corresponding events 422, 442, 444, 446, 450, 460, 470, and 480, respectively. Furthermore, the descriptions of the corresponding events from FIG. 4 are relevant and included in the events of FIG. 5. FIG. 5 provides an example communication flow associated with operations of a first-type device (such as the first-type device 310A) or a second-type device (such as the second-type device 310B) operating as a first-type device due to lack of stored energy.
[0079] The wireless device 110 transmits capability information 522, including any of the example capability information described with reference to FIG. 10. The network entity 105 optionally transmits an RRC configuration message 542 to the wireless device 110. For example, the RRC configuration 542 can configure A-IoT features or procedures. Alternatively, or additionally, the RRC configuration 542 can configure the energy status timer as described with reference to FIG. 8A. The network entity 105 optionally transmits control signaling 544 to the wireless device 110. The control signaling 544 may indicate DL assignment, an UL grant, or a group-common signal. The network entity 105 optionally transmits carrier wave information 546 to inform the wireless device 110 about which frequency band or frequency carries the carrier wave. The network entity 105 transmits the carrier wave 550 to the wireless device 110. Alternatively, the carrier wave 550 can be optionally transmitted by an external / additional node other than the network entity 105. The wireless device 110 transmits a UL communication 570 backscattered on the carrier wave based on the configuration, control signaling, and / or carrier wave information. In some implementations, at block 560, the wireless device 110 performs frequency shifting if supported and restarts the energy status timer if configured. The wireless device 110 may optionally transmit an energy information report 580 (such as an energy status report or out-of-power report) . In some implementations, the wireless device 110 transmits the energy information report 580 as part of the UL communication 570.
[0080] FIG. 6 shows a second example communication flow diagram 600. Generally, events in FIG. 6 that are the same as FIG. 5 are labeled with the same reference numbers. For brevity, the description of FIG. 6 focuses on the differences between FIG. 6 and FIG. 5. FIG. 6 provides an example communication flow associated with operations of a second-type device. In FIG. 6, the capability information 622 can include the same items described for the capability information 522 with the addition of information indicating the wireless device 110 capability to generate an RF signal internally. Based on the capability information 622, the network entity 105 may or may not transmit the carrier wave 650. For example, if the network entity 105 is aware that the wireless device 110 has enough stored energy and the ability to generate an RF signal on its own, the network entity 105 may refrain from transmitting the carrier wave 650. Alternatively, if the network entity 105 is aware that the wireless device 110 does not have enough stored energy or does not have the present ability to generate an RF signal, the network entity 105 may transmit the carrier wave 650. The wireless device 110 may transmit the UL communication 670 on RF signal generated internally instead of being backscattered on the carrier wave 650.
[0081] FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram 700 with example operations for determining a frequency band for a carrier wave. The operations of FIG. 7 may be performed by a network entity (such as network entity 105, an assisting node, an intermediate node, or another service that manages A-IoT functions of a network entity) . For illustrative purposes, the operations are described as being performed by a network entity.
[0082] At block 720, the network entity obtains device capability information. At block 728, the network entity determines whether the wireless device supports RF signal generation. If so ( "yes" branch) , the flow chart proceeds to block 729. Otherwise ( "no" branch) , the flow chart proceeds to block 723.
[0083] At block 729, the network entity determines whether the wireless device has enough energy for RF signal generation. If so ( "yes" branch) , the flow chart proceeds to block 749, where the network refrains from transmitting a carrier wave. Alternatively, the network entity may still transmit a carrier wave. For example, in cases where other wireless devices may need the carrier wave (such as for energy harvesting) . Otherwise ( "no" branch from block 729) , the flow chart proceeds to block 723.
[0084] At block 723, the network entity determines whether the wireless device supports frequency shifting. If so ( "yes" branch) , the flow chart proceeds to block 750B, where the network entity causes a transmission of a carrier wave in a DL band. Otherwise ( "no" branch) , the flow chart proceeds to block 750A, where the network entity causes a transmission of the carrier wave in the UL band.
[0085] After transmission of the carrier wave in the UL band (block 750A) , the flow chart may proceed to block 725. At block 725, the network entity determines whether the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band. If so ( "yes" branch) , the flow chart proceeds to block 796, where the network entity transmits a DL communication at the same time (at least partially overlapping in time) as the carrier wave. Otherwise ( "no" branch) , if the wireless device does not support simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band, the flow chart proceeds to block 792, where the network entity refrains from DL communication during the same time as the carrier wave.
[0086] FIG. 8A shows a timing diagram 800A with example energy management operations based on an energy timer. The timing diagram 800A shows operations of the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110, as well as a reference showing an energy plot 885 of energy available (e.g., stored energy) at the wireless device 110. At event 881A, the network entity 105 transmits a carrier wave 850A to the wireless device 110. As a result of harvesting energy from the carrier wave 850A, the energy plot 885 shows an increase of device energy in the energy plot 885 after event 881A. Also, at event 881A, the wireless device 110 and / or the network entity 105 may start or restart an energy timer (not shown) . The energy timer is restarted whenever the wireless device 110 receives a carrier wave (such as carrier wave 850A and carrier wave 850B) or DL signal. In some implementations, the network entity 105 and the wireless device 110 both maintain an energy timer that is restarted at events 881A, 881B in association with transmissions of carrier waves 850A, 850B, respectively. The network entity 105 can maintain awareness of the energy status of the wireless device 110 based on the energy timer and an energy profile of the wireless device 110. In some implementations, the energy profile may indicate a maximum periodicity 890 between carrier waves that will maintain device energy above a threshold. Alternatively, the energy profile can indicate a duration of the energy timer after which the stored device energy is nearly exhausted or is below an energy threshold. In some implementations, although the FIG. 8A shows carrier waves 850A and 850B, the same concepts can apply to other types of DL signal other than carrier wave such that the illustration and description of carrier waves 850A and 850B can be replaced with other DL signals.
[0087] In some implementation, if the energy timer expires, the network entity 105 may determine that the wireless device 110 is about to have (or already has) no stored energy or that the remaining stored energy is insufficient for the wireless device 110 to perform its A-IoT functions. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may act or operate like a first-type device, if the wireless device 110 transmits an energy status report to the network entity 105 indicating available energy is below an energy threshold. Similarly, if the energy timer (associated with the wireless device 110 and maintained at the network entity 105) expires (such as at event 881C, the network entity 105 may conclude that the wireless device 110 is out of energy and revert to operating as a first-type device even if the wireless device 110 has an RF signal generator. Because the wireless device 110 does not have sufficient energy for RF signal generation, the network entity 105 may transmit a carrier wave to enable backscatter communication as well as to enable the wireless device 110 to harvest and store energy for subsequent communication or A-IoT operations.
[0088] Although not shown in FIG. 8A, it should be apparent that the network entity 105 can proactively transmit carrier waves or DL signals to the wireless device 110 to enable energy harvesting. For example, the network entity 105 can determine when to transmit carrier waves based on an energy profile, a periodicity configuration, the energy timer, or information in an energy status report. The network entity 105 may transmit carrier waves or DL signals of sufficient duration or rate for the wireless device 110 to operate.
[0089] FIG. 8B shows a timing diagram 800B with example energy management operations based on an energy information report, such as an out-of-power report or energy status report. The features of FIG. 8B are similar to FIG. 8A except that FIG. 8B does not use an energy timer. Instead, as the available energy decreases following the carrier wave 850A, the available energy of the wireless device 110 falls below an energy threshold (not shown) that triggers the wireless device 110 to transmit an out-of-power report 880 (shown at event 881B) . In some implementations, the network entity 105 may transmit a carrier wave 850B in response to the out-of-power report 880.
[0090] In some implementations, the wireless device 110 transmits the out-of-power report 880 when (or before) the wireless device 110 is about to have no stored energy remaining. In some implementations, the wireless device 110 may transmit the out-of-power report 880 to the network entity 105 based on the wireless device 110 determining that the remaining stored energy is insufficient for the wireless device 110 to perform an A-IoT related procedure. Alternatively, or additionally, the wireless device 110 may trigger and transmit the out-of-power report 880 based on the remaining energy falling below a first threshold or the ratio of remaining energy to maximum stored energy falling below a second threshold, or the difference between remaining energy and maximum stored energy falling below a third threshold. In some cases, the first, second, and / or third thresholds may be configured by the network entity 105, or reported by the wireless device 110, or predefined.
[0091] FIG. 9 shows a diagram 900 in which a network entity 105 transmits a carrier wave 150 to support UL communication and / or energy harvesting by multiple wireless devices 910A, 910B, and 910C. The wireless devices 910A, 910B, and 910C may be similar to the wireless device 110 described elsewhere in this disclosure. In the example of FIG. 9, the wireless devices 910A, 910B, and 910C may support frequency shifting. In some implementations, the network entity 105 may transmit an UL grant (not shown) indicating that the wireless device 910A and the wireless device 910B can transmit UL communications 970A and 970B respectively based on backscattering the carrier wave 150 to different frequencies in the UL band. For example, the wireless device 910A can transmit the UL communication 970A using backscatter modulation of the carrier wave 150 with frequency shifting to a first UL frequency range. The wireless device 910B can transmit the UL communication 970B using backscatter modulation of the carrier wave 150 with frequency shifting to a second UL frequency range that is different from the first UL frequency range. The network entity 105 can indicate the UL frequency ranges for the UL communications 970A and 970B using a configuration, control signaling, or other DL communication prior to the carrier wave 150. In other implementations, the network entity 105 may indicate different time resources (e.g., slots or symbols) within the same frequency range for the UL communications 970A and 970B in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner.
[0092] Furthermore, the network entity 105 can determine that the wireless device 910C can benefit from energy harvesting without a present need to transmit a UL communication. The network entity 105 can inform the wireless device 910C regarding the time and / or frequency domain resources of the carrier wave 150 so that the wireless device 910C can opportunistically harvest energy from the carrier wave 150. In some implementations, the network entity 105 can group a plurality of wireless devices (such as wireless devices 910A, 910B, and 910C) that have a similar energy profile. The network entity 105 can configure a periodic carrier wave that provides sufficient energy harvesting opportunities for the group of wireless devices to perform their respective A-IoT related operations.
[0093] FIG. 10 shows example capability information 1020 for various aspects of this disclosure. The example capability information 1020 may include at least one of: support for frequency shifting 1023, a frequency shifting offset capability 1024, support for simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band 1025, support for energy information reports (e.g., out-of-power packet or energy status report) 1026, an energy profile (e.g., peak power consumption, energy storage capacity and / or discharge rate) 1027, and an RF signal generation capability 1028. In some implementations, a capability message includes indicators, information elements, or fields to indicate the capability information. In some implementations, the information indicating support for frequency shifting 1023 can be a bit value for true or false. Alternatively, the information indicating support for frequency shifting 1023 can include other parameters. The information indicating a frequency shifting offset capability 1024 can include a value or range of frequency offsets supported by the wireless device. The network entity can determine whether the DL band and the UL band is within the device capability based on the information indicating the frequency shifting offset capability 1024. In some implementations, the information indicating support for simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band 1025 can be based on whether the wireless device has implemented an interference cancellation receiver such that the wireless device can receive the carrier wave (and backscatter / transmit using the carrier wave) and concurrently receive a DL communication.
[0094] The information indicating support for energy information reports (e.g., out-of-power packet or energy status report) 1026 can indicate whether the wireless device is capable of sending the energy information reports and / or which types of energy information reports it can send. The information indicating an energy profile 1027 can include such parameters as peak power consumption, energy storage capacity and / or discharge rate. In some implementations, the energy profile 1027 can be based on the A-IoT function (s) or use case for the wireless device. The information indicating an RF signal generation capability 1028 can inform the network entity whether the wireless device is a first-type device or a second-type device.
[0095] FIG. 11 shows example control signaling 1140 for various aspects of this disclosure. In some implementations, a network entity can transmit the control signaling 1140 to a wireless device. The example control signaling 1140 includes an indication of which band (UL or DL band) for carrier wave 1147, a frequency of carrier wave 1148, a timing for carrier wave and / or backscatter communication 1149, a configuration of out-of-power report or energy status report 1142, and / or other control information 1145.
[0096] FIG. 12 illustrates an example protocol stack for communications between a wireless device 110 and wireless communication network (such as a network entity 105) . In the example protocol stack 1200, a physical (PHY) layer 1202 provides transport channels to a MAC sublayer 1204, which in turn provides logical channels to a radio link control (RLC) sublayer 1206. The RLC sublayer 1206 in turn provides RLC channels to a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) sublayer 1208. The PDCP sublayer 1208 in turn can provide data transfer services to a radio resource control (RRC) sublayer 1210, an Internet Protocol (IP) layer and / or a Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) sublayer (not shown in FIG. 12) . The PDCP sublayer 1208 receives packets (e.g., from the RRC sublayer 1210, the SDAP sublayer, or the IP layer, layered directly or indirectly over the PDCP layer 1208) that can be referred to as service data units (SDUs) , and output packets (e.g., to the RLC layer 1206) that can be referred to as protocol data units (PDUs) . Except where the difference between SDUs and PDUs is relevant, this disclosure for simplicity refers to both SDUs and PDUs as “packets. ” In some implementations, the PHY layer 1202, MAC sublayer 1204, RLC sublayer 1206, PDCP sublayer 1208, RRC sublayer 1210 are EUTRA layers or sublayers. In other implementations, the PHY layer 1202, MAC sublayer 1204, RLC sublayer 1206, PDCP sublayer 1208, RRC sublayer 1210 are NR layers or sublayers. In yet other implementations, the PHY layer 1202, MAC sublayer 1204, RLC sublayer 1206, PDCP sublayer 1208, RRC sublayer 1210 can use a radio access technology that is designed for A-IoT devices.
[0097] The RRC sublayer 1210 provide data transfer services to a Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) layer 1212. The NAS layer 1212 includes a mobility management (MM) sublayer and / or a session management (SM) sublayer. The NAS layer 1212 is managed by one or more network functions of the core network 1218. In some implementations, the MM sublayer is an evolved packet system (EPS) MM (EMM) sublayer. In other implementations, the MM sublayer is a 5G MM (5GMM) sublayer. In some implementations, the SM sublayer is an EPS SM (ESM) sublayer. In other implementations, the SM sublayer is a 5G SM (5GSM) sublayer.
[0098] On a control plane, the PDCP sublayer 1208 can provide signaling radio bearers (SRBs) to the RRC sublayer 1210 to exchange RRC messages or NAS messages (e.g., MM messages and / or SM messages) , for example. On a user plane, the PDCP sublayer 1208 can provide Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) to support user plane data exchange. User plane data exchanged on the PDCP sublayer 1208 can be SDAP PDUs, Internet Protocol (IP) packets or Ethernet packets.
[0099] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of an example device 1310 and an example network entity 1304. Note that the depicted hardware configurations represent the processing components and communication components of a network entity 1304 (such as the network entity 105 described herein) and a device 1310 (such as the wireless device 110 described herein) . The depicted hardware configurations may omit certain components well-understood to be frequently implemented in such electronic devices, such as displays, peripherals, power supplies, and the like.
[0100] The device 1310 includes antennas 1303A, a radio frequency front end (RF front end) 1303B, and radio-frequency transceivers (e.g., an LTE transceiver 1303D and a 5G NR transceiver 1303C) for communicating with the network entity 1304. The RF front end 1303B includes one or more modems configured for the corresponding RAT (s) employed (for example, Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) ) , one or more analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , one or more digital-to-analog converters (DACs) , signal processors, and the like. In the example illustrated in FIG. 13, the RF front end 1303B of the device 1310 may couple or connect the 5G NR transceiver 1303C to the antennas 1303A to facilitate various types of wireless communication. The RF front end 1303B operates, in effect, as a physical (PHY) transceiver interface to conduct and process signaling between the one or more processor (s) 1303E and antennas 1303A so as to facilitate various types of wireless communication.
[0101] The antennas 1303A of the device 1310 include an array of multiple antennas that may be tuned to one or more frequency bands associated with a corresponding RAT. The antennas 1303A and the RF front end 1303B are tuned to, and / or be tunable to, one or more frequency bands defined by the 3GPP 5G NR communication standards and implemented by the 5G NR transceiver 1303C. Additionally, the antennas 1303A, the RF front end 1303B, and / or the 5G NR transceiver 1303C can be configured to support beamforming for the transmission and reception of communications with the network entity 1304. By way of example and not limitation, the antennas 1303A and the RF front end 1303B may be implemented for operation in sub-gigahertz bands, sub-6 GHz bands, and / or above 6 GHz bands that are defined by the 3GPP LTE and 5G NR communication standards.
[0102] The device 1310 also includes processor (s) 1303E and computer-readable storage media (CRM) 1303F. The processor (s) 1303E may include, for example, one or more central processing units, graphics processing units (GPUs) , or other application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , and the like. To illustrate, the processor (s) 1303E may include an application processor (AP) utilized by the device 1310 to execute controller functions, an operating system, or various applications, as well as one or more processors utilized by modems or a baseband processor of the RF front end 1303B. The CRM 1303F may include any suitable memory or storage device such as random-access memory (RAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , Flash memory, solid-state drive (SSD) or other mass-storage devices, and the like useable to store one or more sets of executable software instructions and associated data that manipulate the one or more processor (s) 1303E and other components of the device 1310 to perform the various functions described herein and attributed to the device 1310. The sets of executable software instructions include, for example, an operating system (OS) and various drivers (not shown) , and various software applications (not shown) , which are executable by processor (s) 1303E to enable user-plane communication, control-plane signaling, and user interaction with the device 1310.
[0103] Turning to the hardware of the network entity 1304, it is noted that although FIG. 13 illustrates an implementation of the network entity 1304 as a single network node (for example, a 5G NR Node B, or “gNB” ) , the functionality, and thus the hardware components, of the network entity 1304 instead may be distributed across multiple network nodes or devices and may be distributed in a manner to perform the functions described herein. As one example, the functionality of network entity 1304 may be distributed across a radio unit (RU) , distributed unit (DU) , or central unit (CU) .
[0104] The network entity 1304 includes antennas 1305A, a radio frequency front end (RF front end) 1305B, and one or more 5G NR transceivers 1305C for communicating with the device 1310. The RF front end 1305B of the network entity 1304 may couple or connect the 5G NR transceivers 1305C to the antennas 1305A to facilitate various types of wireless communication. Similar to RF front end 1303B, the RF front end 1305B includes one or more modems, one or more ADCs, one or more DACs, and the like. RF front end 1305B receives the one or more RF signals, for example, RF signals from device 1310, and pre-processes the one or more RF signals to generate data from the RF signals that is provided as input to processes and / or applications executing on network entity 1304. This pre-processing may include, for example, power amplification, conversion of band-pass signaling to baseband signaling, initial analog-to-digital conversion, and the like.
[0105] The antennas 1305A of the network entity 1304 may be configured individually and / or as one or more arrays of multiple antennas. The antennas 1305A and the RF front end 1305B may be tuned to, and / or be tunable to, one or more frequency band defined by the 3GPP 5G NR communication standards, and implemented by the 5G NR transceivers 1305C. Additionally, the antennas 1305A, the RF front end 1305B, and the 5G NR transceivers 1305C may be configured to support beamforming, such as Massive-MIMO, for the transmission and reception of communications with the device 1310.
[0106] The network entity 1304 also includes processor (s) 1305D and computer-readable storage media (CRM) 1305E. The processor (s) 1305D may include, for example, one or more central processing units, graphics processing units (GPUs) , or other application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , and the like. To illustrate, the processor (s) 1305D may include an application processor (AP) utilized by the network entity 1304 to execute an operating system and various user-level software applications, as well as one or more processors utilized by modems or a baseband processor of the RF front end 1305B to enable communication with the device 1310. In at least some aspects, the processor (s) 1305D configures the 5G NR transceiver (s) 1305C for communication with the device 1310, TRPs, and radio units via fronthaul interface 1307A, as well as communication with a core network. In some aspects, the network entity 1304 includes an inter-network entity interface 1307B, such as an Xn and / or X2 interface, which the processor (s) 1305D configures to exchange user-plane and control-plane data with another network entity, to manage the communication of the network entity 1304 with the device 1310. The network entity 1304 includes a core network interface 1307C that the processor (s) 1305D configures to exchange user-plane and control-plane data with core network functions and entities.
[0107] FIG. 1A through FIG. 13 and the operations described herein are examples meant to aid in understanding example implementations and should not be used to limit the potential implementations or limit the scope of the claims. some implementations may perform additional operations, fewer operations, operations in parallel or in a different order, and some operations differently.
[0108] In addition to the examples described herein, alternative examples can include any combination of the following implementation options (enumerated as clauses for clarity) .
[0109] CLAUSES
[0110] Clause 1. A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method including: receiving a downlink (DL) communication (140) from a network entity, the DL communication including carrier wave information about a carrier wave in a DL band (162) or an uplink (UL) band (164) ; receiving the carrier wave (150) based on the carrier wave information; and selectively transmitting an uplink (UL) communication (170) using the carrier wave.
[0111] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, where the receiving the carrier wave includes receiving the carrier wave in the UL band; and where the selectively transmitting the UL communication includes transmitting the UL communication in the UL band using the carrier wave without changing a frequency of the carrier wave.
[0112] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, where the receiving the carrier wave includes: receiving other DL communications in the DL band concurrently with the selectively transmitting the UL communication if the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band; or refraining from monitoring the DL band if the wireless device does not support the simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band.
[0113] Clause 4. The method of clause 1, where the receiving the carrier wave includes receiving the carrier wave in the DL band; and where the selectively transmitting the UL communication includes at least one of: transmitting the UL communication in the UL band using the carrier wave with changing the frequency of the carrier wave; or transmitting the UL communication in the DL band using the carrier wave without changing the frequency of the carrier wave.
[0114] Clause 5. The method of clause 1, where the receiving the carrier wave includes receiving the carrier wave in the DL band, the method further including: harvesting and storing energy of the carrier wave; and refraining from transmitting the UL communication.
[0115] Clause 6. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 5, where the carrier wave information includes at least one of: an indication of which band, from among the UL band and the DL band, for the wireless device to receive the carrier wave; a frequency or range of frequencies of the carrier wave; or timing information about the carrier wave.
[0116] Clause 7. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 6, where the receiving the DL communication includes receiving at least one of: configuration information via a radio resource control (RRC) message; control signaling via a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) ; control signaling via a downlink control information (DCI) ; an uplink grant message; or a control signal preceding the carrier wave.
[0117] Clause 8. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 7, further including: transmitting an energy information report including at least one of: an energy status report indicating an amount of energy stored at the wireless device, or an out-of-power report indicating that the wireless device is below a threshold amount of stored energy.
[0118] Clause 9. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, further including: maintaining an energy timer that is configured to expire at a time relative to the wireless device being out of stored energy; restarting the energy timer in association with receiving the DL communication, the carrier wave, or any DL signal from which energy is harvested; and transmitting an out-of-power report when the energy timer expires or is below a time threshold.
[0119] Clause 10. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, further including: transmitting capability information to the network entity, where the capability information includes at least one of: whether the wireless device supports frequency shifting; how much frequency shifting offset between the UL band and the DL band is supported by the wireless device; whether the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band; whether the wireless device supports energy information reports; an energy profile of the wireless device, the energy profile including at least one of a peak power consumption, an energy storage capacity, or a discharge rate; or whether the wireless device supports radio frequency (RF) signal generation using stored energy.
[0120] Clause 11. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 10, further including: receiving a plurality of carrier waves according to a periodicity or power requirement that is based on an energy profile of the wireless device; harvesting energy from the plurality of carrier waves; and using the harvested energy for one or more operations of the wireless device based on the energy profile.
[0121] Clause 12. A method for wireless communication by a network entity, the method including: transmitting a downlink (DL) communication (140) to a wireless device, the DL communication including carrier wave information about a carrier wave in a DL band (162) or an uplink (UL) band (164) ; causing a transmission of the carrier wave (150) based on the carrier wave information; and receiving an uplink (UL) communication (170) from the wireless device via the carrier wave.
[0122] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, where the causing the transmission of the carrier wave includes at least one of: transmitting the carrier wave from the network entity to the wireless device or a group of wireless devices; or causing another entity to transmit the carrier wave according to the carrier wave information.
[0123] Clause 14. The method of clause 12, where the causing the transmission includes causing the transmission of the carrier wave in the UL band; and where the receiving the UL communication includes receiving the UL communication in the UL band at a same center frequency as the carrier wave.
[0124] Clause 15. The method of clause 14, where the causing the transmission of the carrier wave includes: transmitting other DL communications in the DL band concurrently with the carrier wave if the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band; or refraining from transmitting the other DL communications in the DL band if the wireless device does not support simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band.
[0125] Clause 16. The method of clause 12, where the causing the transmission of the carrier wave includes causing the transmission of the carrier wave in the DL band, and where the receiving the DL communication includes at least one of: receiving the UL communication in the UL band at a different frequency than the carrier wave; or receiving the UL communication in the DL band at a same frequency as the carrier wave and using interference cancellation on the UL communication.
[0126] Clause 17. The method of any one of clauses 12-16 or 21, further including: receiving an energy information report including at least one of: an energy status report indicating an amount of energy stored at the wireless device, or an out-of-power report indicating that the wireless device is below a threshold amount of stored energy.
[0127] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, further including: causing a transmission of a subsequent carrier wave to the wireless device based, at least in part, on the energy information report.
[0128] Clause 19. The method of any one of clauses 12 to 18, further including: receiving capability information to the network entity, where the capability information includes at least one of: whether the wireless device supports frequency shifting; a range or value of supported frequency shifting offset; whether the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band; whether the wireless device supports energy information reports; an energy profile of the wireless device, the energy profile including at least one of a peak power consumption, an energy storage capacity, or a discharge rate; or whether the wireless device supports radio frequency (RF) signal generation using stored energy; and determining whether to cause the transmission of the carrier wave in the UL band or the DL band based, at least in part, on the capability information.
[0129] Clause 20. The method of any one of clauses 12 to 19, further including: causing transmission of a plurality of carrier waves to the wireless device or a group of wireless devices according to a periodicity or power requirement that is based on an energy profile of the wireless device.
[0130] Clause 21. The method of any one of clauses 12 to 20, where the transmitting the DL communication includes transmitting at least one of: configuration information via a radio resource control (RRC) message; control signaling via a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) ; control signaling via a downlink control information (DCI) ; an uplink grant message; or a signal or information message; and where the carrier wave information includes at least one of: an indication of which band, from among the UL band and the DL band, for the wireless device to receive the carrier wave; a frequency or range of frequencies of the carrier wave; or timing information about the carrier wave.
[0131] Clause 22. An apparatus, including: a communication unit; and a processing system configured to control the communication unit to implement any one of the methods of any one of clauses 1 to 21.
[0132] Aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a computer-readable medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform any one of the above-mentioned functionalities. Aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a system having means for implementing any one of the above-mentioned functionalities. Aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as an apparatus having one or more processors configured to perform one or more operations from any one of the above-mentioned functionalities.
[0133] The following additional considerations may apply to the foregoing and the following discussions.
[0134] Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this specification belongs. The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like, as used herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The use of terms “including, ” “comprising” or “having” and variations thereof herein are meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings and can include electrical connections or couplings, whether direct or indirect. Furthermore, terms “circuit” and “circuitry” and “control unit” may include either a single component or a plurality of components, which are either active and / or passive and are connected or otherwise coupled together to provide the described function. In addition, the term operationally coupled as used herein includes wired coupling, wireless coupling, electrical coupling, magnetic coupling, radio communication, software based communication, or combinations thereof.
[0135] Some or all of the foregoing or the following implementations can be jointly combined or formed to be a new or another one implementation. The foregoing or the following techniques can be used to solve at least (but not limited to) the issue (s) or scenario (s) mentioned in this disclosure. Any two or more than two of the foregoing or the following paragraphs, (sub) -bullets, points, actions, or claims described in each method / technique / implementation may be combined logically, reasonably, and properly to form a specific method. Any sentence, paragraph, (sub) -bullet, point, action, or claim described in each of the foregoing or the following technique (s) / implementation (s) / concept (s) may be implemented independently and separately to form a specific method. Dependency, such as “based on, ” “more specifically, ” “where” or etc., in technique (s) / implementation (s) / concept (s) mentioned in this disclosure is just one possible implementation which would not restrict the specific method.
[0136] Generally speaking, description for one of the above figures can apply to another of the above figures. Examples, implementations and methods described above can be combined, if there is no conflict. An event or block described above can be optional or omitted. For example, an event or block with dashed lines in the figures can be optional. In some implementations, “message” is used and can be replaced by “information element (IE) , ” and vice versa. In some implementations, “IE” is used and can be replaced by “field, ” and vice versa. In some implementations, “configuration” can be replaced by “configurations” or “configuration parameters, ” and vice versa. In some implementations, “some” means “one or more. ” In some implementations, “at least one” means “one or more. ”
[0137] As used herein, the terms “wireless device” , “user device” , “user equipment” , “wireless communication device” , “mobile communication device” , “communication device” , or “mobile device” refer to any one or all of cellular telephones, smartphones, portable computing devices, personal or mobile multi-media players, laptop computers, tablet computers, smartbooks, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, palm-top computers, wireless electronic mail receivers, multimedia Internet enabled cellular telephones, wireless gaming controllers, display sub-systems, driver assistance systems, vehicle controllers, vehicle system controllers, vehicle communication system, infotainment systems, vehicle telematics systems or subsystems, vehicle display systems or subsystems, vehicle data controllers, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, health monitoring devices, drones, cameras, media-streaming dongles or another personal media devices, wearable devices such as smartwatches, wireless hotspots, femtocells, broadband routers or other types of routers, and similar electronic devices which include a programmable processor and memory and circuitry configured to perform operations as described herein. Further, the user device may be embedded in an electronic system such as the head unit of a vehicle or an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) . Still further, the user device can operate as an internet-of-things (IoT) device or a mobile-internet device (MID) . Depending on the type, the user device can include one or more general-purpose processors, a computer-readable memory, a user interface, one or more network interfaces, one or more sensors, etc.
[0138] Certain techniques are described in this disclosure as including logic or a number of components or modules. Modules can be software modules (e.g., code, or machine-readable instructions stored on non-transitory machine-readable medium) or hardware modules. A hardware module is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. A hardware module can comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , etc. ) to perform certain operations. A hardware module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. The decision to implement a hardware module in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.
[0139] When implemented in software, the techniques can be provided as part of the operating system, a library used by multiple applications, a particular software application, etc. The software can be executed by one or more general-purpose processors or one or more special-purpose processors.
[0140] As used herein, the terms “component” and “module” are intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to be broadly construed to mean “based at least in part on. ”
[0141] As used herein, a phrase referring to a list of items separated by “or” refers to any combination of those items, including single members. For example, “a, b, or c” is intended to cover the possibilities of: a only, b only, c only, a combination of a and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, and a combination of a and b and c.
[0142] In this disclosure, an expression of “X / Y” may include meaning of any of the following: “X or Y” or “X and Y” or “X and / or Y. " An expression of “ (A) B” or “B (A) ” may include concept of “only B. ” An expression of “ (A) B” or “B (A) ” may include the concept of “A+B” or “B+A. ”
[0143] In this disclosure, the term "can" indicates a capability, or alternatively indicates a possible implementation option. The term "may" indicates a permission or a possible implementation option.
[0144] Some aspects are described herein in connection with thresholds. As used herein, satisfying a threshold may refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.
[0145] The various illustrative components, logic, logical blocks, modules, circuits, operations and algorithm processes described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or combinations of hardware, firmware or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and the structural equivalents thereof. The interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software has been described generally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0146] As described above, some aspects of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as software. For example, various functions of components disclosed herein, or various blocks or steps of a method, operation, process or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as one or more modules of one or more computer programs. Such computer programs can include non-transitory processor-executable or computer-executable instructions encoded on one or more tangible processor-readable or computer-readable storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus including the components of the devices described herein. By way of example, and not limitation, such storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store program code in the form of instructions or data structures. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of storage media.
[0147] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to persons having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
[0148] Additionally, various features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations also can be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation also can be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. As such, although features may be described above as acting in particular combinations, and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0149] The drawings may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flowchart or flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some implementations, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results.
[0150] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects. While the aspects of the disclosure have been described in terms of various examples, any combination of aspects from any of the examples is also within the scope of the disclosure. The examples in this disclosure are provided for pedagogical purposes.
Claims
1.A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising:receiving a downlink (DL) communication (140) from a network entity, the DL communication including carrier wave information about a carrier wave in a DL band (162) or an uplink (UL) band (164) ;receiving the carrier wave (150) based on the carrier wave information; andselectively transmitting an UL communication (170) using the carrier wave.2.The method of claim 1,wherein the receiving the carrier wave includes receiving the carrier wave in the UL band; andwherein the selectively transmitting the UL communication includes transmitting the UL communication in the UL band using the carrier wave without changing a frequency of the carrier wave.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the receiving the carrier wave includes:receiving other DL communications in the DL band concurrently with the carrier wave if the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band; orrefraining from monitoring the DL band if the wireless device does not support the simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the carrier wave includes receiving the carrier wave in the DL band; and wherein the selectively transmitting the UL communication includes at least one of:transmitting the UL communication in the UL band using the carrier wave with changing the frequency of the carrier wave; ortransmitting the UL communication in the DL band using the carrier wave without changing the frequency of the carrier wave.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the carrier wave includes receiving the carrier wave in the DL band, the method further comprising:harvesting and storing energy of the carrier wave; andrefraining from transmitting the UL communication.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the carrier wave information includes at least one of:an indication of which band, from among the UL band and the DL band, for the wireless device to receive the carrier wave;a frequency or range of frequencies of the carrier wave; ortiming information about the carrier wave.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the receiving the DL communication includes receiving at least one of:configuration information via a radio resource control (RRC) message;control signaling via a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) ;control signaling via a downlink control information (DCI) ;an uplink grant message; ora control signal preceding the carrier wave.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:transmitting an energy information report including at least one of:an energy status report indicating an amount of energy stored at the wireless device, oran out-of-power report indicating that the wireless device is below a threshold amount of stored energy.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising:maintaining an energy timer that is configured to expire at a time relative to the wireless device being out of stored energy;restarting the energy timer in association with receiving the DL communication, the carrier wave, or other DL signal from which energy is harvested; andtransmitting an out-of-power report when the energy timer expires or is below a time threshold.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising:transmitting capability information to the network entity, wherein the capability information includes at least one of:whether the wireless device supports frequency shifting;how much frequency shifting offset between the UL band and the DL band is supported by the wireless device;whether the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band;whether the wireless device supports energy information reports;an energy profile of the wireless device, the energy profile including at least one of a peak power consumption, an energy storage capacity, or a discharge rate; orwhether the wireless device supports radio frequency (RF) signal generation using stored energy.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising:receiving a plurality of carrier waves according to a periodicity or power requirement that is based on an energy profile of the wireless device;harvesting energy from the plurality of carrier waves; andusing the harvested energy for one or more operations of the wireless device based on the energy profile.12.A method for wireless communication by a network entity, the method comprising:transmitting a downlink (DL) communication (140) to a wireless device, the DL communication including carrier wave information about a carrier wave in a DL band (162) or an uplink (UL) band (164) ;causing a transmission of the carrier wave (150) based on the carrier wave information; andreceiving an UL communication (170) from the wireless device via the carrier wave.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the causing the transmission of the carrier wave includes at least one of:transmitting the carrier wave from the network entity to the wireless device or a group of wireless devices; orcausing another entity to transmit the carrier wave according to the carrier wave information.14.The method of claim 12,wherein the causing the transmission includes causing the transmission of the carrier wave in the UL band; andwherein the receiving the UL communication includes receiving the UL communication in the UL band at a same center frequency as the carrier wave.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the causing the transmission of the carrier wave includes:transmitting other DL communications in the DL band concurrently with the carrier wave if the wireless device supports simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band; orrefraining from transmitting the other DL communications in the DL band if the wireless device does not support simultaneous reception in the UL band and the DL band.16.The method of claim 12, wherein the causing the transmission of the carrier wave includes causing the transmission of the carrier wave in the DL band, and wherein the receiving the DL communication includes at least one of:receiving the UL communication in the UL band at a different frequency than the carrier wave; orreceiving the UL communication in the DL band at a same frequency as the carrier wave and using interference cancellation on the UL communication.17.The method of any one of claims 12 to 16, further comprising:receiving an energy information report including at least one of:an energy status report indicating an amount of energy stored at the wireless device, oran out-of-power report indicating that the wireless device is below a threshold amount of stored energy.18.An apparatus, comprising:a communication unit; anda processing system configured to control the communication unit to implement any one of the methods of any one of claims 1 to 17.
Citation Information
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Backscatter transmitter and signal transmission method
US20230097295A1