Condition-based measurements of neighbor cell
By configuring UE to perform neighbor cell measurements based on condition-based triggers, the inefficiencies in existing systems are addressed, optimizing measurement efficiency and reducing data disruptions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077137
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing cellular communication systems face inefficiencies in performing neighbor cell measurements due to frequent beam coverage changes, leading to unnecessary measurement overhead and potential data communication interruptions.
Configuring user equipment (UE) to perform neighbor cell measurements only when specific conditions associated with beam coverage changes are met, such as location-based or time-based triggers, thereby reducing unnecessary measurements and minimizing data disruptions.
This approach optimizes measurement efficiency by reducing unnecessary neighbor cell measurements, thereby minimizing data communication interruptions and conserving resources.
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Figure CN2024077137_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CONDITION-BASED MEASUREMENTS OF NEIGHBOR CELL
[0001] Cellular communications can be defined in various standards to enable communications between a user equipment and a cellular network. For example, Fifth generation mobile network (5G) is a wireless standard that aims to improve upon data transmission speed, reliability, availability, and more. Cellular coverage is a relevant feature for data transmission. In particular, when a user equipment (UE) is within a cell coverage, the UE may be able to exchange data with the cellular network. Otherwise, the UE may not be able to do so.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0002] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a network environment, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0003] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of access to a network based on cell coverage, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0004] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of providing cell coverage and related beam coverage, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0005] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of radio resource management (RRM) measurement model, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0006] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of beam coverage change, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0007] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of RRM measurements triggered using a location-based condition and / or a time-based condition, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0008] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of RRM measurements triggered using a plurality of threshold values, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 8 illustrates a further example of RRM measurements triggered using dynamic signaling of a threshold value, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 9 illustrates yet another example of RRM measurements triggered using a timer associated with a transition time for beam coverage change, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 10 illustrates an additional example of RRM measurements triggered using a measurement offset, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an operational flow / algorithmic structure implemented by a user equipment (UE) to perform RRM measurements, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an operational flow / algorithmic structure implemented by a network to configure a UE to perform RRM measurements, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of receive components, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a UE, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a base station, in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the present disclosure, that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrase “A or B” means (A) , (B) , or (A and B) .
[0018] Generally, a device communicates with a network when the device is in network coverage of the network. The network coverage can be provided via a network node of the network and can be referred to as cell coverage. In particular, the network node can provide a serving cell to which the device connects. A neighbor cell can also be available (possibly from a different network node) . Depending on different criteria, the device can perform measurements related to the serving cell and the neighbor cell. The device can connect to the neighbor cell such that this cell becomes the new serving cell based on the measurements (e.g., when the measurements indicate that the connection with the neighbor cell would have a higher quality than the existing connection with the serving cell) .
[0019] In certain situations, the network node may be physically movable relative to the device. For example, the network node can be implemented as a base station or a repeater in a communications satellite that orbits around the Earth. In other situations, the device may be physically movable relative to the network node (e.g., when the device is a mobile device traveling on a surface of Earth) . Of course, there can be situations where both the device and the network node are movable relative to each other.
[0020] Given the mobility, the cell coverage of the network node can change over time. When the cell coverage is no longer available to the device via the existing serving cell (e.g., because of an orbital location of a communications satellite and / or a geographical location of the device) , the device may no longer be able to communicate with the network via this cell. Instead, the device may connect to the neighbor cell (which becomes the new serving cell) to obtain cell coverage. In certain situations, the device can perform various measurements to determine whether it should switch the serving cell from the existing one to the neighbor cell.
[0021] Performing the measurements can involve overhead and may interrupt data communications. It may be desirable to reduce or minimize the need to perform the measurements. To that effect, the device can be configured (e.g., via configuration information sent by the network) to only perform measurements associated with the neighbor cell based on a number of conditions being satisfied and, to otherwise, forego performing such measurements. Despite an apparent degradation of the connection quality with the existing serving cell and / or an improvement to the connection quality with the neighbor cell, the configuration can enable the device to avoid the neighbor cell measurements due to, for example, a beam transition occurring within the existing serving cell.
[0022] More specifically, and as further described herein below, the network node can provide multiple beams. The beams can provide beam coverage associated with the serving cell. Given the mobility, the beam coverage can change over time. As the beam coverage changes, beam measurements can change. Because a cell measurement can be based on the beam measurements, the cell measurement can also change. Accordingly, when performing a cell measurement for the serving cell, the device can be configured to account for the change to the beam coverage. As such, even if the cell measurement indicates a degradation to the connection quality (which can be caused by the change to the beam coverage) , the device can determine that it is still within the cell coverage of the serving cell and can forego performing measurements related to the neighbor cell.
[0023] The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.
[0024] The term “circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components, such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) , an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a programmable logic device (PLD) , a complex PLD (CPLD) , a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD) , a structured ASIC, a programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) ) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry.
[0025] The term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, or transferring digital data. The term “processor circuitry” may refer to an application processor, baseband processor, a central processing unit (CPU) , a graphics processing unit, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes.
[0026] The term “interface circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I / O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, or the like.
[0027] The term “device” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities, one or more processors, and one or more memory. The device may be configured as a UE that supports one or more configurations.
[0028] The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, device, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless / wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface. The UE may have a primary function of communication with another UE or a network and the UE may be integrated with other devices and / or systems (e.g., in a vehicle) .
[0029] The term “base station” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities, that is a device of a communications network (or, more briefly, network) , and that may be configured as an access node in the communications network. A UE's access to the communications network may be managed at least in part by the base station, whereby the UE connects with the base station to access the communications network. Depending on the radio access technology (RAT) , the base station can be referred to as a gNodeB (gNB) , eNodeB (eNB) , access point, etc.
[0030] The term “computer system” as used herein refers to any type of interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing or networking resources.
[0031] The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input / output operations, ports or network sockets, channel / link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, or the like. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, or network resources provided by physical hardware element (s) . A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc. The term “network resource” or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices / systems via a communications network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services, and may include computing or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable.
[0032] The term “channel” as used herein refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with or equivalent to “communications channel, ” “data communications channel, ” “transmission channel, ” “data transmission channel, ” “access channel, ” “data access channel, ” “link, ” “data link, ” “carrier, ” “radio-frequency carrier, ” or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link” as used herein refers to a connection between two devices for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information.
[0033] The terms “instantiate, ” “instantiation, ” and the like as used herein refer to the creation of an instance. An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code.
[0034] The term “connected” may mean that two or more elements, at a common communication protocol layer, have an established signaling relationship with one another over a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.
[0035] The term “network element” as used herein refers to physical or virtualized equipment or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “network element” may be considered synonymous to or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, virtualized network function, or the like.
[0036] The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.
[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment 100, in accordance with some embodiments. The network environment 100 may include a UE 104 and a network node 108. The network node 108 may be a base station (or a set of transmission and reception points (TRPs) thereof) that provides a wireless access cell; for example, a Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) cell, through which the UE 104 may communicate with the network node 108. This base station may be a component of a terrestrial network, a component of a non-terrestrial network, or components distributed between a terrestrial network and a non-terrestrial network. The UE 104 and the network node 108 may communicate over an interface compatible with 3GPP technical specifications, such as those that define Fifth-Generation (5G) NR system standards.
[0038] The network node 108 may transmit information (for example, data and control signaling) in the downlink direction by mapping logical channels on the transport channels, then transport channels onto physical channels. The logical channels may transfer data between a radio link control (RLC) and media access control (MAC) layers; the transport channels may transfer data between the MAC and PHY layers; and the physical channels may transfer information across the air interface. The physical channels may include a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ; a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ; and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0039] The PBCH may be used to broadcast system information that the UE 104 may use for initial access to a serving cell. The PBCH may be transmitted along with physical synchronization signals (PSS) and secondary synchronization signals (SSS) in a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block. The SS / PBCH blocks (SSBs) may be used by the UE 104 during a cell search procedure and for beam selection.
[0040] The PDSCH may be used to transfer end-user application data, signaling radio bearer (SRB) messages, system information messages (other than, for example, MIB) , and paging messages.
[0041] The PDCCH may transfer downlink control information (DCI) that is used by a scheduler of the network node 108 to allocate both uplink and downlink resources. The DCI may also be used to provide uplink power control commands, configure a slot format, or indicate that preemption has occurred.
[0042] The network node 108 may also transmit various reference signals to the UE 104. The reference signals may include demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) for the PBCH, PDCCH, and PDSCH. The UE 104 may compare a received version of the DMRS with a known DMRS sequence that was transmitted to estimate an impact of the propagation channel. The UE 104 may then apply an inverse of the propagation channel during a demodulation process of a corresponding physical channel transmission.
[0043] The reference signals may also include CSI-RS. The CSI-RS may be a multi-purpose downlink transmission that may be used for CSI reporting, beam management, connected mode mobility, radio link failure detection, beam failure detection and recovery, and fine-tuning of time and frequency synchronization.
[0044] The reference signals and information from the physical channels may be mapped to resources of a resource grid. There is one resource grid for a given antenna port, subcarrier spacing configuration, and transmission direction (for example, downlink or uplink) . The basic unit of an NR downlink resource grid may be a resource element, which may be defined by one subcarrier in the frequency domain, and one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the time domain. Twelve consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain may compose a physical resource block (PRB) . A resource element group (REG) may include one PRB in the frequency domain, and one OFDM symbol in the time domain, for example, twelve resource elements. A control channel element (CCE) may represent a group of resources used to transmit PDCCH. One CCE may be mapped to a number of REGs; for example, six REGs.
[0045] Transmissions that use different antenna ports may experience different radio channels. However, in some situations, different antenna ports may share common radio channel characteristics. For example, different antenna ports may have similar Doppler shifts, Doppler spreads, average delay, delay spread, or spatial receive parameters (for example, properties associated with a downlink received signal angle of arrival at a UE) . Antenna ports that share one or more of these large-scale radio channel characteristics may be said to be quasi co-located (QCL) with one another. 3GPP has specified four types of QCL to indicate which particular channel characteristics are shared. In QCL Type A, antenna ports share Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread. In QCL Type B, antenna ports share Doppler shift and Doppler spread. In QCL Type C, antenna ports share Doppler shift and average delay. In QCL Type D, antenna ports share spatial receiver parameters.
[0046] The network node 108 may provide transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state information to the UE 104 to indicate QCL relationships between antenna ports used for reference signals (for example, synchronization signal / PBCH or CSI-RS) and downlink data or control signaling (for example, PDSCH or PDCCH) . The network node 108 may use a combination of RRC signaling, MAC control element signaling, and DCI, to inform the UE 104 of these QCL relationships.
[0047] The UE 104 may transmit data and control information to the network node 108 using physical uplink channels. Different types of physical uplink channels are possible, including a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . Whereas the PUCCH carries control information from the UE 104 to the network node 108, such as uplink control information (UCI) , the PUSCH carries data traffic (e.g., end-user application data) and can carry UCI.
[0048] In an example, communications with the network node 108 and / or the base station can use channels in the frequency range 1 (FR1) band (between 40 Megahertz (MHz) and 7,125 MHz) and / or frequency range 2 (FR2) band (between 24, 250 MHz and 52, 600 MHz) , although other frequency ranges are possible (e.g., a frequency range having a frequency larger than 52, 600 MHz) . The FR1 band includes a licensed band and an unlicensed band. The NR unlicensed band (NR-U) includes a frequency spectrum that is shared with other types of radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., LTE-LAA, WiFi, etc. ) . A listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure can be used to avoid or minimize collision between the different RATs in the NR-U, whereby a device applies a clear channel assessment (CCA) check before using the channel.
[0049] As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the UE 104 can be located within a network coverage 110. In particular, the network node 108 may provide the network coverage 110 with signaling (e.g., which may be carried by one or more beams) . The network coverage 110 may represent a cell or a portion of the cell that the network node 108 provides. The network coverage 110 may provide network connections to multiple UEs, similar to the UE 104. These UEs may communicate with the network node 108 on both the uplink and the downlink based on channels available to them when the UEs are in the network coverage 110.
[0050] In an example, the UE 104 supports carrier aggregation (CA) , whereby the UE 104 can connect and exchange data simultaneously over multiple component carriers (CCs) with the network node 108. The CCs can belong to the same frequency band, in which case they are referred to as intra-band CCs. Intra-band CCs can be contiguous or non-contiguous. The CCs can also belong to different frequency bands, in which case they are referred to as inter-band CCs. A serving cell can be configured for the UE 104 to use a CC. A serving cell can be a primary (PCell) , a primary secondary cell (PSCell) , or a secondary cell (SCell) . Multiple SCells can be activated via an SCell activation procedures where the component carriers of these serving cells can be intra-band contiguous, intra-band noon-contiguous, or inter-band. The serving cells can be collocated or non-collocated.
[0051] The UE 104 can also support dual connectivity (DC) , where it can simultaneously transmit and receive data on multiple CCs from two serving nodes or cell groups (a master node (MN) and a secondary node (SN) ) . DC capability can be used with two serving nodes operating in the same RAT or in different RATs (e.g., an MN operating in NR, while an SN operates in LTE) . These different DC modes include, for instance, evolved-universal terrestrial radio access-new radio (EN) -DC, NR-DC, and NE-DC (the MN is a NR gNB and the SN is an LTE eNB) .
[0052] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of access 200 to a network 210 based on a cell coverage 250, in accordance with some embodiments. The network 210 can be accessible to UEs via a network node 220 that provides the cell coverage 250. Generally, a cell coverage corresponds to a geographical area within which the access to the network 210 via a TRP is available.
[0053] In an example, the network 210 can implement a particular set of radio access technologies (RATs) such as, but not limited to, 5G and / or different generation of a 3GPP network. The network 210 can also be a terrestrial network, in which case the network node 220 can be a component of a terrestrial access node, such as gNB or an eNB (or more generally a terrestrial base station) . In another example, the network 210 can be, at least in part, a non-terrestrial network where the network node 220 may be implemented on a communications satellite. In this case, the network node 220 may be referred to as a non-terrestrial network node, may be implemented as a repeater, and may be coupled with a terrestrial access node (e.g., a base station) of the network 210 via a gateway 222.
[0054] Generally, the network node 220 can cover a large geographical area, where this area can be divided in a large number of cell coverages (potentially in the hundreds, if not thousands) . A UE 204 can be located in a cell coverage (show as the cell coverage 250 in FIG. 2) and can connect with the network node 220 via a feeder link 224. The feeder link 224 can use mmWave or sub-mmWave frequencies (e.g., in the S band or Ka band) . In this way, the UE 204 can have access to the network 210 via the network node 220 and the gateway 222.
[0055] In the interest of clarity of explanation, various embodiments are described hereinafter in connection with a communications satellite as an example of the network node 220. However, the embodiments are not limited as such and similarly apply to any other network node that belongs to a network in which beam coverage changes over time.
[0056] Generally, NTNs refer to networks, or segments of networks, using, for example, a spaceborne vehicle or an airborne vehicle for transmission. Spaceborne vehicles can include low earth orbit satellites, medium earth orbit satellites, geostationary satellites, and / or highly elliptical orbit satellites. Airborne vehicles can include high altitude platform vehicles (HAPs) . NTNs can address mobile broadband needs and public safety needs in unserved / underserved areas. NTNs can also address maritime, airplane connectivity, and / or railway needs.
[0057] NR NTN (e.g., in the cases of low earth orbit and medium earth orbit) can support HAPs and air-to-ground (ATG) scenarios. Frequency division duplex (FDD) can be supported, although time division duplex (TDD) may also be supported (e.g., TDD may be applied for relevant scenarios e.g., HAPS, ATG) . Earth can be sectioned in fixed tracking areas. UEs can be equipped with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) capabilities. Data can be communicated assuming a transparent payload. Handheld devices in FR1 (e.g., “power class 3” ) and very small aperture terminal (VSAT) devices with external antenna at least in FR2 (RAN1-3 specifications) can support NR NTN connectivity.
[0058] The NTN cell typically covers wider radio cells. In NTN, the coverage of a cell or a beam is typically much larger than the cell in the terrestrial networks. The coverage of one NTN cell may be across multiple countries.
[0059] FIG. 3 illustrates an example 300 of providing cell coverage 320 and related beam coverage 330, in accordance with some embodiments. Here, a network node 310 (an example of the network node 220 of FIG. 2) provides a set of beams (illustrated with the arrows extending outwardly from the network node 220) . In particular, the network node 310 employs beamforming techniques by, for example, using multiple radiating elements transmitting the same signal at a wavelength and a phase to form a radio frequency (RF) beam focused in a particular direction.
[0060] A serving cell can be associated, geographically, with the cell coverage 320 (e.g., the cell coverage 320 corresponds to the serving cell) . This serving cell can have an identifier (e.g., a cell ID) . Each one of the beams can also be associated with an identifier (e.g., a beam index shown in FIG. 3 as taking a value between “1” and “6” ) . The beam identifiers can be associated with the serving cell identifier. Each beam can provide a beam coverage 330.
[0061] Each beam coverage 330 can represent a geographic area. When a device is located in the beam coverage 330 (e.g., say “beam#3” ) , the device can perform beam measurements on the different beams (e.g., say “beam#1” through “beam#6” ) . Among the different beams, the beam corresponding to the beam coverage 330 (e.g., say “beam#3” ) has the best beam measurement. Accordingly, the device uses that beam (e.g., say “beam#3” ) in its communications with the network node 310.
[0062] The cell coverage 320 can represent a geographic area that includes the beam coverages of the different. When located in the cell coverage 320, the device can perform a cell measurement related to the serving cell. The cell measurement can be derived, at least in part, from the beam measurements. An example model for performing the beam measurements and the cell measurement is further described in the next figure.
[0063] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of radio resource management (RRM) measurement model 400, in accordance with some embodiments. The RRM measurement model 400 indicates layer 1 processing to be performed by a UE (e.g., any example of UEs described herein) on a signal received from, for example, a NETWORK NODE (e.g., any of the example network nodes described herein) . The output of the layer 1 processing can include layer 1 samples. The RRM measurement model 400 further indicates layer 3 processing to be performed by the UE on the output of the layer 1 processing to generate RRM measurements. These RRM measurements can include beam and / or cell level measurement results.
[0064] In an example of a 5G network, the RRM measurement model 400 is defined in 3GPP Technical Specification 38.300 V17.6.0 (2023-09) , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, section 9.2.4 of the 3GPP Technical Specification 38.300 V17.6.0 (2023-09) describes the following.
[0065] In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE measures multiple beams (at least one) of a cell and the measurements results (power values) are averaged to derive the cell quality. In doing so, the UE is configured to consider a subset of the detected beams. Filtering takes place at two different levels: at the physical layer to derive beam quality and then at RRC level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. Cell quality from beam measurements is derived in the same way for the serving cell (s) and for the non-serving cell (s) . Measurement reports may contain the measurement results of the X best beams if the UE is configured to do so by the gNB.
[0066] The corresponding high-level measurement model is shown in FIG. 4. K beams correspond to the measurements on SSB or CSI-RS resources configured for layer 3 mobility by gNB and detected by UE at layer 1. “A” refers to measurements (beam specific samples) internal to the physical layer. “Layer 1 filtering” refers to internal layer 1 filtering of the inputs measured at point A. Exact filtering is implementation dependent. How the measurements are actually executed in the physical layer by an implementation (inputs A and Layer 1 filtering) is not constrained by the 3GPP Technical Specification 38.300 V17.6.0 (2023-09) .
[0067] “A1” refers to measurements (i.e., beam specific measurements) reported by layer 1 to layer 3 after layer 1 filtering. “Beam Consolidation / Selection” refers to beam specific measurements are consolidated to derive cell quality. The behaviour of the Beam consolidation / selection is standardised, and the configuration of this module is provided by RRC signalling. Reporting period at B equals one measurement period at A1. “B” refers to a measurement (i.e., cell quality) derived from beam-specific measurements reported to layer 3 after beam consolidation / selection. “Layer 3 filtering for cell quality” refers to filtering performed on the measurements provided at point B. The behaviour of the Layer 3 filters is standardised, and the configuration of the layer 3 filters is provided by RRC signalling. Filtering reporting period at C equals one measurement period at B. “C” refers to a measurement after processing in the layer 3 filter. The reporting rate is identical to the reporting rate at point B. This measurement is used as input for one or more evaluation of reporting criteria. “Evaluation of reporting criteria” refers to checks whether actual measurement reporting is necessary at point D. The evaluation can be based on more than one flow of measurements at reference point C (e.g., to compare between different measurements) . This is illustrated by input C and C1. The UE shall evaluate the reporting criteria at least every time a new measurement result is reported at point C, C1. The reporting criteria are standardised, and the configuration is provided by RRC signalling (UE measurements) . “D” refers to measurement report information (message) sent on the radio interface. “Layer 3 Beam filtering” refers to filtering performed on the measurements (i.e., beam specific measurements) provided at point A1.The behaviour of the beam filters is standardised, and the configuration of the beam filters is provided by RRC signalling. Filtering reporting period at E equals one measurement period at A1. “E” refers to a measurement (i.e., beam-specific measurement) after processing in the beam filter. The reporting rate is identical to the reporting rate at point A1. This measurement is used as input for selecting the X measurements to be reported. “Beam Selection for beam reporting” refers to selecting the X measurements from the measurements provided at point E. The behaviour of the beam selection is standardised, and the configuration of this module is provided by RRC signalling. “F” refers to beam measurement information included in measurement report (sent) on the radio interface.
[0068] Layer 1 filtering introduces a certain level of measurement averaging. How and when the UE exactly performs the required measurements is implementation specific to the point that the output at B fulfils the performance requirements set in 3GPP Technical Specification 38.133. Layer 3 filtering for cell quality and related parameters used are specified in 3GPP Technical Specification 38.33, and do not introduce any delay in the sample availability between B and C. Measurement at point C, C1 is the input used in the event evaluation. layer 3 Beam filtering and related parameters used are specified in 3GPP Technical Specification 38.331, and do not introduce any delay in the sample availability between E and F.
[0069] Measurement reports are characterized by the following. Measurement reports include the measurement identity of the associated measurement configuration that triggered the reporting. Cell and beam measurement quantities to be included in measurement reports are configured by the network. The number of non-serving cells to be reported can be limited through configuration by the network. Cells belonging to an exclude-list configured by the network are not used in event evaluation and reporting, and conversely when an allow-list is configured by the network, only the cells belonging to the allow-list are used in event evaluation and reporting. Beam measurements to be included in measurement reports are configured by the network (beam identifier only, measurement result and beam identifier, or no beam reporting) .
[0070] Intra-frequency neighbour (cell) measurements and inter-frequency neighbour (cell) measurements are defined as follow. SSB based intra-frequency measurement refers to a measurement is defined as an SSB based intra-frequency measurement provided the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbour cell are the same, and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is also the same. SSB based inter-frequency measurement refers to a measurement is defined as an SSB based inter-frequency measurement provided the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbour cell are different, or the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is different. For SSB based measurements, one measurement object corresponds to one SSB and the UE considers different SSBs as different cells. If a reduced capability (RedCap) UE is configured to perform serving cell measurements based on an NCD-SSB configured in its active BWP, this NCD-SSB is considered as the SSB of the serving cell in the definition of intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurements as above. CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurement refers to a measurement is defined as a CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurement provided that: the subcarrier spacing of CSI-RS resources on the neighbour cell configured for measurement is the same as the SCS of CSI-RS resources on the serving cell indicated for measurement; and for 40kHz subcarrier spacing, the CP type of CSI-RS resources on the neighbour cell configured for measurement is the same as the CP type of CSI-RS resources on the serving cell indicated for measurement; and the centre frequency of CSI-RS resources on the neighbour cell configured for measurement is the same as the centre frequency of CSI-RS resource on the serving cell indicated for measurement. CSI-RS based inter-frequency measurement refers to a measurement is defined as a CSI-RS based inter-frequency measurement if it is not a CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurement. Extended CP for CSI-RS based measurement is not supported in this release. Whether a measurement is non-gap-assisted or gap-assisted depends on the capability of the UE, the active BWP of the UE and the current operating frequency. For SSB based inter-frequency measurement, if the measurement gap requirement information is reported by the UE, a measurement gap configuration may be provided according to the information. Otherwise, a measurement gap configuration is always provided in the following cases: if the UE only supports per-UE measurement gaps; if the UE supports per-FR measurement gaps and any of the serving cells are in the same frequency range of the measurement object. For SSB based intra-frequency measurement, if the measurement gap requirement information is reported by the UE, a measurement gap configuration may be provided according to the information. Otherwise, a measurement gap configuration is always provided in the following case. Other than the initial BWP, if any of the UE or RedCap UE configured BWPs do not contain the frequency domain resources of the SSB associated to the initial DL BWP, and for RedCap UE, are not configured with NCD-SSB for serving cell measurement.
[0071] In non-gap-assisted scenarios, the UE shall be able to carry out such measurements without measurement gaps. In gap-assisted scenarios, the UE cannot be assumed to be able to carry out such measurements without measurement gaps.
[0072] The network may request the UE to measure NR and / or E-UTRA carriers in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE via system information or via dedicated measurement configuration in RRCReleafe. If the UE was configured to perform measurements of NR and / or E-UTRA carriers while in RRC_IDLE or in RRC_INACTIVE, it may provide an indication of the availability of corresponding measurement results to the gNB in the RRCSetupComplete message. The network may request the UE to report those measurements after security activation. The request for the measurements can be sent by the network immediately after transmitting the Security Mode Command (i.e., before the reception of the Security Mode Complete from the UE) .
[0073] If the UE was configured to perform measurements of NR and / or E-UTRA carriers while in RRC_INACTIVE, the gNB can request the UE to provide corresponding measurement results in the RRCRefume message and then the UE can include the available measurement results in the RRCRefumeComplete message. Alternatively, the UE may provide an indication of the availability of the measurement results to the gNB in the RRCRefumeComplete message and the gNB can then request the UE to provide these measurement results.
[0074] An example of the layer 3 filtering is described in 3GPP Technical Specification 38.331 V17.6.0 (2023-09) , which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. For instance, section 4.5.3.2 of 3GPP Technical Specification 38.331 V17.6.0 (2023-09) describes the following.
[0075] The UE shall, for each cell measurement quantity, each beam measurement quantity, each sidelink measurement quantity as needed, for each CLI measurement quantity that the UE performs measurements, for each candidate L2 U2N Relay UE measurement quantity, and for evaluating the detected NR sidelink U2N Relay UEs, filter the measured result, before using for evaluation of reporting criteria, for measurement reporting or for U2N Relay (re) selection evaluation, by the following formula: Fn = (1 -a) *Fn-1 + a*Mn, where “Mn” is the latest received measurement result from the physical layer, “Fn” is the updated filtered measurement result, that is used for evaluation of reporting criteria, for measurement reporting or for U2N Relay (re) selection evaluation; and “Fn-1” is the old filtered measurement result, where F0 is set to M1 when the first measurement result from the physical layer is received; and for MeafObjectNR, a = 1 / 2 (ki / 4) , where ki is the filterCoefficient for the corresponding measurement quantity of the i: th QuantityConfigNR in quantityConfigNR-Lift, and i is indicated by quantityConfigInded in MeafObjectNR; for other measurements, a = 1 / 2 (k / 4) , where k is the filterCoefficient for the corresponding measurement quantity received by the quantityConfig; for UTRA-FDD, a = 1 / 2 (k / 4) , where k is the filterCoefficient for the corresponding measurement quantity received by quantityConfigUTRA-FDD in the QuantityConfig.
[0076] Referring back to the RRM measurement model 400 and to the communications satellite use case, each communications satellite may have multi-carriers, where each carrier corresponds to a cell. An RRM measurement can be the same as terrestrial network (i.e., the measurement is performed per cell per carrier) . A measurement result is maintained and stored for each cell.
[0077] For mobility purpose, a UE performs an RRM measurement in RRC_CONNECTED state, RRC_IDLE state, and RRC_INACTIVE state. The RRM measurement is classified in four measurement types: intra-frequency NR measurements, inter-frequency NR measurements, inter-RAT measurements for E-UTRA, and inter-RAT measurements for UTRA.
[0078] When in the RRC_IDLE state or RRC_INACTIVE state, the UE makes measurements of attributes of the serving and neighbor cells to enable the reselection process. The UE operation on the RRM measurement for the neighbor cell is based on the frequency priority. Particular, for a frequency of the neighbor cell with high priority (e.g., a higher priority relative to a frequency of the serving cell) , the UE performs measurement on that frequency regardless of serving cell's quality. For a frequency with same / lower priority, the UE only starts the measurement on that frequency when the serving cell's quality is lower than a threshold value. This threshold value can be configured for the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling) . The UE performs the RRM measurements based on SSB per the idle / inactive DRX cycle. A measurement gap may need to be used based on UE capability, which may lead to the data interruption.
[0079] When in the RRC_CONNECTED state, the UE performs the measurement according to measurement configuration provided by network via UE dedicated RRC signaling, and reports the measurement result according to the measurement configuration to network via RRC measurement report. The UE always perform the measurement on the serving cell, but only starts the measurement on a neighbor cell or frequency when current serving cell's cell level quality is smaller than a threshold value (which can be referred to as “S-measure” ) . The UE performs the RRM measurement based on SSB / CSI-RS per the connected DRX cycle.
[0080] The UE measures multiple beams (or at least one) of a cell and the measurements results (power values) are averaged to derive the cell quality. In doing so, the UE is configured to consider a subset of the detected beams. Filtering takes place at two different levels: at the physical layer to derive beam quality and at RRC level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. The cell quality from beam measurements can be derived in the same way for the serving cell (s) and for the non-serving cell (s) . The measurement reports may contain the measurement results of a number of the best beams if the UE is configured to do so by the network node. For a neighbor cell measurement, the UE will initiate the neighbor cell measurement when the serving cell's cell level quality is lower than the threshold value (e.g., in the RRC_CONNECTED state or depending on the priority in the RRC_INACTIVE state and RRC_IDLE state) or periodically (e.g., in the RRC_INACTIVE state and RRC_IDLE state depending on the priority) . Depending on the UE capability, the UE may use a measurement gap to perform the neighbor measurement, which can introduce data interruption.
[0081] For NTN specific RRM measurements, different approaches exist depending on the state. For NTN RRM measurements in the RRC_IDLE state or the RRC_INACTIVE state,location-based and time-based neighbor measurement can be enabled. Location-based measurements can be configured by the network (e.g., in system information block (SIB) nineteen (SIB19) message (s) ) . This configuration can indicate a reference location (ReferenceLocation) associated with a serving cell and a threshold distance (distanceThresh) . If the distance between the UE and the reference location is greater than the threshold distance, the UE is triggered to perform intra-frequency, inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements. Time-based neighbor measurement can also be configured by the network (e.g., in SIB19 message (s) ) . This configuration can include timing information (e.g., “t-Service” ) that indicates the time when the serving cell is going to stop serving a geographical area. The UE is triggered to perform intra-frequency, inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements before the expiration of the timing information (e.g., before the time when the serving cell will no longer serve the geographical area as indicated by “t-Service” ) . The exact time to start measurement before “t-Service” can be up to UE implementation.
[0082] For NTN RRM measurements in the RRC_CONNECTED state, measurement events can be used to initiate a conditional handover (CHO) from the serving cell to the neighbor cell. Such events include a time based-event ( “condEventT1” ) and a location-based event ( “condEventD1” ) . Such events can be configured together with one of the measurement-based trigger conditions (CHO events A3 / A4 / A5) for CHO trigger. Further, A measurement event can be used for trigger measurement reporting. For example, a location-based event ( “EventD1” ) is defined. Such events are defined in 3GPP TS 38.331, V17.6.0 (2023-09) , the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0083] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of beam coverage change 500, in accordance with some embodiments. Here, a network node 510, similar to the network nodes previously described, provide a serving cell to a number of UEs. In the illustration, the network node 510 is an NTN network node. A cell overage 520 corresponds to the serving cell and includes different beam coverages, each corresponding to a beam. An area 540 (shown with a dotted circle) may fall within one of the beam coverages (shown to be within a beam coverage 530 of a beam having the index “3” ) . A UE located in the area 540 can use the corresponding beam (e.g. “beam#3” ) in its communication with the network node 510.
[0084] The beam coverage 530 can change over time due to different reasons. For example, the network node 510 can move, as illustrated in FIG. 5. Other reasons can also or alternatively occur (e.g., Earth rotation, beam sweeping, etc. ) . Accordingly, at a first time (shown as “T1” in FIG. 5) , the beam coverage 530 corresponding to a particular beam (e.g., to “beam#3” ) covers one area. However, at a third time (shown as “T3” in FIG. 5) , the beam coverage 530 covers a different area. A transition time 550 exists between the third time and the first time (e.g., can be equal to the difference between the third time and the first time) .The beam coverage change 500 occurs during the transition time. For example, at a second time within the transition time 550 (e.g., between the first time and the third time) , the beam coverage 300 is changing by moving between the two areas.
[0085] During the transition time 550, the area 540 where the UE is located is subject to the beam coverage change 500. In particular, at the first time, the area 540 is fully contained within the beam coverage 530. However, at the third time, the area 540 is no longer covered by the beam coverage 530 (in FIG. 5, the coverage of the area 503 at the third time now falls in the beam coverage of “beam#1” ) . At the second time (or, for the full span or a partial span of the transition time 550) , the area 540 can be partially covered by the beam coverage 530 and by the coverage of another beam (e.g., by the one of “beam#1” ) . As such, during he transition time 550 (or at least a portion thereof) , the UE can determine that the beam measurements of “beam#3” are changing (as if the UE is approaching the edge of the beam coverage 530 and subsequently being outside of the beam coverage 530) . Particularly, such beam measurements can indicate a degradation of the beam quality of “beam#3” relative to the UE.
[0086] As explained herein above, a cell measurement of the serving cell is based on beam measurements of the beams. Accordingly, because “beam#3” has a degrading quality during at least a portion of the transition time 550, the cell measurements of the serving cell during the transition time 550 can also indicate a degradation of the quality of the serving cell. In turn, because the cell quality is degrading during at least a portion of the transition time 550, the UE can be triggered to perform RRM measurements on a neighbor cell (e.g., when the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state and the cell measurement of the serving cell is lower than a threshold value (e.g., S-measure) due to the degradation, the UE is triggered to measure the neighbor cell) . However, measuring the neighbor cell may not be needed because the UE is still in the cell coverage 520 of the serving cell (e.g., the area 540 is still contained in the cell coverage 520; and by the expiration of the transition time 550, the area 50 will be in the beam coverage of “beam#1” ) .
[0087] Accordingly, during at least a portion of the transition time 550, the UE can be configured to forego any RRM measurement of the neighbor cell. Doing so can reduce the overhead and possibly avoid data interruptions (e.g., by avoiding the need to use a measurement gap that would have been needed to otherwise perform an RRM measurement of the neighbor cell) .
[0088] To illustrate, consider the RRM measurements that would have been triggered when the UE is operating in the RRC_CONNECTED state and is subject to the beam coverage change 500 (e.g., its coverage changes from a first beam to a second beam associated with the serving cell) . The UE would initiate neighbor cell measurement when the serving cell quality is smaller than the S-measure. For the area 540, the covered beam is changed from “beam#3” (T1) to “beam#1” (T3) . During the transition time 550 (which could also be referred to as covered beam transition period) , the UE may detect that he covered beam's quality (e.g., that of “beam#3) has worsened, which lead to a determination that the serving cell quality has worsened too (e.g., its cell quality is smaller than “S-measure” ) . Since the cell quality may be worse than “S-measure” during the transition time 550 (e.g., at “T2” ) , the UE would likely start the neighbor cell measurement. But after some time (e.g., after the transition time 550) , the cell quality becomes good because the covered beam has transited (e.g., the UE is now covered by “beam#1” ) . Accordingly, since the UE is still in the NTN cell coverage, and covered beam for a certain area will become good within some time, it can be unnecessary for the UE to start the neighbor cell measurement during the beam transition period.
[0089] In the next figures, various triggers can be used such that the UE can forego neighbor cell measurements when unneeded or, conversely, such that the UE can perform the neighbor cell measurements when needed. At least some of these triggers can be configured by the network (e.g., the NTN via layer 1, layer 2, and / or layer 3 signaling) for the UE. As such, despite the degradation in the cell quality (or beam quality) due to the beam coverage change 500, the UE is enabled to perform the neighbor cell measurements more intelligently by foregoing such measurements when unnecessary. Generally, when the UE is still in NTN coverage, and not is not at cell edge, the UE does not need to start neighbor cell measurement. The benefits of such techniques include UE power saving on RRM measurement and avoidance of unnecessary data interruption (e.g., due to the need for a measurement gap) .
[0090] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of RRM measurements triggered using a location-based condition and / or a time-based condition, in accordance with some embodiments. Generally, a UE may only start neighbor measurement based on the location-based condition and / or the time-based condition. A network providing a serving cell (e.g., an NTN) can configure the UE to only enable the neighbor cell measurement one or both conditions and to disable the serving cell quality triggered neighbor measurement. Nonetheless, the use of such conditions can be in combination with the serving cell quality triggers (e.g., when the serving cell's cell quality is smaller than a threshold value such as “S-measure” ) . The two conditions can be used independently of each other (e.g., an RRM measurement is performed on the neighbor cell when at least one of the two conditions are met) or in conjunction with other (e.g., such an RRM measurement is only preformed when both conditions are satisfied) .
[0091] As illustrated in FIG. 6, a UE 670 is located within a cell coverage of a serving cell 610. A neighbor cell 620 exists and provides cell coverage that is at least adjacent to that of the serving cell 610. A beam coverage change occurs during a transition time 650. In the top part of FIG. 6, the situation of not performing RRM measurement of the neighbor cell 620 (labeled as no RRM measurement 601) is shown. Particularly, when either or both the location-based condition and / or time-based condition are unsatisfied 600, the UE 670 foregoes performing an RRM measurement of the neighbor cell 620. In the bottom part of FIG. 6, the situation of performing RRM measurement of the neighbor cell 620 (labeled as RRM measurement 603) is shown. Particularly, when either or both the location-based condition and / or time-based condition are satisfied 602, the UE 670 performs the RRM measurement 603.
[0092] In an example, the location-based condition indicates a location that triggers a neighbor cell measurement (e.g., an RRM measurement associated with the neighbor cell) . As such, this condition represents an event for a location-based neighbor cell measurement. The network can provide, the UE, information about the current serving cell's cell coverage (e.g., the cell coverage 520) . This information can be sent as configuration information to the UE.Different signaling techniques are possible including, for instance, RRC dedicated signaling (e.g., an information element (IE) specifically used to provide this information) and / or the re-use of an SIB19 message (s) (e.g., by including this information in the SIB19 message (s) ) . The cell coverage can be represented in the information as {reference location, distance} , where the reference location is a location in the current serving cell (e.g., the cell center location) , and where the distance can be a threshold distance relative to the reference location (e.g., a radius originating at the cell center location) . The UE can start the neighbor cell measurement when the distance between the UE's current location and the reference location is around the configured threshold distance (e.g., is ten percent or some other predefined percentage smaller than the threshold distance) or is no smaller than the configured threshold distance (e.g., is larger than the threshold distance) .
[0093] As such, the UE determines its current location (e.g., using its GNSS capability and / or other location procedure) , compares it to the reference location indicated in the information, and determines the distance between the two. The UE can then compare this distance to the threshold distance indicated in the information. If the distance nears or exceeding the threshold distance, the UE can perform an RRM measurement associated with the neighbor cell. Otherwise, the UE can forego performing the RRM measurement. The location-based condition can be configured for the UE to be used while the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state (and other RRC states as previously described) .
[0094] In an example, the time-based condition indicates a time at or after which the UE is triggered to perform a neighbor cell measurement (e.g., an RRM measurement associated with the neighbor cell) . As such, this condition represents an event for a time-based neighbor cell measurement. The network can provide, the UE, information about the current serving cell's service time (e.g., the cell coverage 520) . The service time corresponds to the time during which the cell coverage is available to the UE. This information can be sent as configuration information to the UE. Different signaling techniques are possible including, for instance, the dedicated signaling (e.g., an information element (IE) specifically used to provide this information) and / or the re-use of an SIB19 message (s) (e.g., by including this information as “T-service” in the SIB19 message (s) ) . The UE can start the neighbor cell measurement upon a remaining time until an end of the service time being smaller than a threshold amount of time. In particular, the UE can start the neighbor measurement only when the current time is near T-service (e.g., within a few milliseconds or some other predefined amount of time before -T service) or near T-service minus a predefined amount of time “Tms. ” “Tms” can also be configured by the network as part of the same information or separately from the information.
[0095] As such, the UE determines the current time (e.g., using a clock signal) , compares it to the end of the service time indicated in the information, and determines the remaining time until the end. The UE can then compare this remaining to the threshold amount of time indicated in the information. If the remaining time nears or exceeding the threshold time amount, the UE can perform an RRM measurement associated with the neighbor cell. Otherwise, the UE can forego performing the RRM measurement. The time-based condition can be configured for the UE to be used while the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state (and other RRC states as previously described) .
[0096] As explained herein above, the location-based condition and the time-based condition can be used independently of each or in conjunction with each other. Further, one or both of these conditions can be used independently or in conjunction with other neighbor cell measurement triggers. Such triggers can include, for instance, a frequency priority trigger (e.g., when the frequency of the neighbor cell has a higher priority than that of the serving cell) , a periodic trigger (e.g., periodically performing the measurement) , and / or a serving cell's cell quality trigger (e.g., when this quality is smaller a threshold value such as “S-measure” ) are referred to herein as legacy conditions.
[0097] In an example, if a legacy condition is not configured (e.g., the “S-measure” is not configured) , the UE only initiates neighbor measurement when the location-based condition and / or time-based condition are satisfied. If a legacy condition is configured (e.g., the “S-measure” is configured) , UE may only perform neighbor measurement when both the legacy condition and time / location-based condition are met (e.g., when the serving cell's cell quality is smaller than “S-measure” and when either or both the location-based condition and / or time-based condition are satisfied) . Alternatively, if the legacy condition is configured (e.g., the “S-measure” is configured) , the UE may disable this legacy condition and only rely on the location-based condition and / or time-based condition (e.g., if the “S-measure” is configured, the UE disables the “S-measure” control such that even when the cell quality is larger than “S-measure, ” the neighbor cell measurement is triggered when either or both the location-based condition and / or time-based condition are satisfied) .
[0098] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of RRM measurements triggered using a plurality of threshold values, in accordance with some embodiments. As illustrated, multiple threshold values (e.g., multiple values for “S-measure” ) can be configured for different scenarios. If a UE is far from the cell edge of the serving cell, the UE can use a first configured threshold value (the value “S-measure#1” ) in a comparison to the serving cell's cell quality to determine whether to enable the neighbor measurement (e.g., to determine whether an RRM measurement of a neighbor cell is to be performed; if the cell quality is smaller than the value “S-measure#1, ” the neighbor cell measurement is triggered; otherwise, no neighbor cell measurement is performed) . If the UE is near the cell edge, the UE can use a second configured threshold value (the value “S-measure#2” ) in a comparison to the serving cell's cell quality to determine whether to enable the neighbor measurement. “Far” and “near” can represent distances or distance ranges from a reference location of the serving cell. Such distances or distance range and the reference location can be included in configuration information that the NTN sends to the UE. The configuration information can also include the threshold values. Or separate configuration information can include the threshold values. The configuration information can be sent using layer 1, layer 2, and / or layer 3 signaling (including RRC signaling, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, and / or SIB 19 message (s)) .
[0099] In the top part of FIG. 7, a serving cell 701 provides a cell coverage. The configuration information sent to the UE indicates a reference location 751 of the serving cell. The configuration information also indicates two distances 752 and 753 relative to the reference location 751 (e.g., radiuses originating at the reference location 751) . The configuration information indicates that (i) a first threshold value 710 is to be used when the UE using the serving cell 701 is at a first distance from the reference location 751, (ii) a second threshold value 720 is to be used when the UE is at a second distance from the reference location 751, and (iii) no threshold value is to be used when the UE is at a third distance from the reference location 751. Here, the first distance is greater than the configured distance 753 (e.g., the UE is near the cell edge) , the second distance is between the configured distance 752 and the configured distance 753 (e.g., the UE is far from the cell edge) , and the third distance is smaller than the configured distance 752 (e.g., the UE is even farther from the cell edge or near the reference location 751) . The second threshold value 720 can be smaller than the first threshold value 710 in this illustrative example. The no threshold value situation corresponds to the UE foregoing any RRM measurement (or, possibly, in this situation a very small threshold value can be configured) .
[0100] As such, the UE determines its current location and compares it to the reference location 751 to determine its distance therefrom. The UE then compares this distance to the two configured distances 752 and 753. Depending on the outcome of the comparison, the UE can determine which threshold value to use (if any) and uses the determined threshold value in the comparison with the serving cell's 710 cell quality. If the cell quality is smaller than the determined threshold value, the UE performs the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell.
[0101] The granularity can be more than two levels (far and near) and / or more than two threshold values can be defined. Additionally, or alternatively, a single threshold value can be configured (e.g., a single “S-measure” value) . Here, the NTN can configure one or more offsets to adjust the threshold value in different situations (e.g., a first offset is a value by which the threshold value is to be used when the UE is far from the cell edge, whereas no offset is used when the UE is near the cell edge) . Furthermore, as illustrated in the bottom part of FIG. 7, rather than defining one reference location and distances therefrom and associating such definitions with the threshold values (or offsets therewith) , multiple reference areas within the cell coverage can be defined and each can be associated within one of the threshold values (or an offset therewith) .
[0102] In the bottom part of FIG. 7, a serving cell 702 provides a cell coverage. The configuration information sent to the UE indicates multiple areas within the cell coverage of the serving cell (e.g., each area is defined by a reference location and a radius originating therefrom and is shown in FIG. 7 with an ellipse having dotted content) . The configuration information also indicates a first threshold value 730 to use when the UE is in the cell coverage but is outside any of these areas. The configuration information indicates a second threshold value 740 to use when the UE is in any of the areas (or, alternatively, different threshold values, each associated with one or more of the areas) . In this illustrative case, each of the areas can be known to the NTN to be weak coverage areas and, as such, the second threshold value 740 can be set to be smaller than the first threshold value because the cell quality in any of these areas is expected to be relatively smaller than the remaining portion of the cell coverage.
[0103] As such, the UE determines its current location and compares it to configured areas. Depending on the outcome of the comparison, the UE can determine which threshold value to use and uses the determined threshold value in the comparison with the serving cell's 710 cell quality (e.g., if the UE is in any of the areas, the second threshold value 740 is used; otherwise, the first threshold value 730 is used) . If the cell quality is smaller than the determined threshold value, the UE performs the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell.
[0104] FIG. 8 illustrates a further example of RRM measurements triggered using dynamic signaling of a threshold value, in accordance with some embodiments. Here, the network (e.g., NTN) can change a configured threshold value used in the comparison with a serving cell's cell quality (e.g., the value of “S-measure” ) dynamically for the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling or media access control (MAC) control element (CE) ) . For example, the network may be aware of a transition time corresponding to a beam coverage change and can inform the UE about the change to use while the UE is in the serving cell and for at least a portion or the entirety of the transition time. The change can be an update to the configured threshold value. Generally, the configured threshold value is lowered. The network can provide the updated threshold value or the offset for adjusting the configured threshold value via RRC signaling or MAC CE for the transition time. Additionally, or alternatively, the change can be to disable the use of the configured threshold value (e.g., such that no comparison to the cell quality is performed) . Here also, the disablement can via RRC signaling or MAC CE for the transition time.
[0105] In the illustration of FIG. 8, a serving cell 810 is available to a UE. A transition time 850 for a beam coverage change of the serving cell occurs between a first time “T1” and a third time “T3, ” similarly to what was described in FIG. 5. A first threshold value 820 is configured for the UE (e.g., an “S-measure” ) . When the UE performs a cell measurement of the serving cell 810 at the first time “T1” or the third time “T3, ” this cell measurement is compared to the first threshold value 820 to determine whether an RRM measurement of a neighbor cell is to be performed (e.g., such a measurement is performed when the cell measurement is smaller than the first threshold value 820) . During the transition time 850, the first threshold value is deactivated or adjusted to a second threshold value (shown in FIG. 8 by using label “830” ) . As such, during a second time “T2” within the transition time 850, the UE may not compare (or even perform) the cell measurement to the first threshold value 820 or may compare it to the second threshold value (and the result of this comparison may trigger the UE to perform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell) .
[0106] In an example, for an area in which the UE is located and that belongs to the cell coverage of the serving cell 819, and based on a beam coverage situation, the network can dynamically inform the UE to change the “S-measure value” or enable / disable the “S-measure. ” The signaling can be via layer 1, layer 2, and / or layer 3 signaling. The signaling can be common across UEs located in the area (e.g., via a broadcast to all such UEs) and provided in the broadcast signaling. Alternatively, the signaling can provided for each UE via dedicated signaling thereto. The network can also or alternatively dynamically control whether the UE is to start or stop the neighbor measurement (e.g., when the network determines that the UE may be subject to a beam coverage situation, the network signals to the UE to forego performing any RRM measurement of the neighbor cell) .
[0107] Referring to the illustrative example of FIG. 1, at the first time “T1, ” the network configures the “S-measure” and activates it. At the second time “T2, ” the network uses signaling to deactivate it. At the third time “T3, ” the network uses signaling to activate it. Alternatively, at the first time “T1, ” the network configures the “S-measure” . At the second time “T2, ” the network uses signaling to adjust the value of the “S-measure” . At the third time “T3, ” the network uses signaling to indicate that the UE is to stop adjusting the value.
[0108] FIG. 9 illustrates yet another example of RRM measurements triggered using a timer associated with a transition time for beam coverage change, in accordance with some embodiments. In an example, a network (e.g., NTN) that provides a serving cell configures a UE to use a threshold value (e.g., “S-measure” ) usable for determining whether a neighbor cell measurement is to be performed. Additionally, the network can configure a timer condition for the UE also usable in this termination. When either a threshold value-based condition (e.g., the serving cell's cell quality is smaller than “S-measure” ) or the timer condition is unsatisfied (as illustrated in the top of FIG. 9) , no neighbor cell measurement is performed. When both conditions are met (as illustrated in the bottom part of FIG. 9) , the neighbor cell measurement is performed. The timer condition can be based on a transition time for a beam coverage change associated with the serving cell.
[0109] For example, in addition to configuring the threshold value (e.g., the “S-measure” ) , the network can configure the maximum transition time “T” of the beam coverage change to the UE. The network can also configure a predefined amount of time “Tms” for the UE. The threshold value, maximum transition time “T” and the predefined amount of time “Tms” can be included in the same configuration information (or can be included in separate configuration information) sent to the UE via layer 1, layer 2, and / or layer 3 signaling (including RRC signaling) . When the UE detects that the threshold value-based condition is satisfied (e.g., the serving cell's cell quality is smaller than the “S-measure” ) for the entirety of the predefined amount of time “Tms, ” the UE can start the neighbor cell measurement. But when the UE detects that the threshold value-based condition is satisfied only for an amount of time smaller than the predefined amount of time “Tms, ” the UE foregoes performing the neighbor cell measurement.
[0110] In an example, the network can provide the predefined amount of time “Tms” (e.g., a predefined period” together with “S-measure” to the UE. When the UE determines that the cell quality is smaller than the “S-measure, ” the UE may not enable the neighbor measurement immediately. Instead, the UE can continue performing cell measurements of the serving cell to assess its cell quality during the transition time (which can be the maximum preconfigured transition period “T” ) . Within the later “Tms” period, if the UE keeps determining a bad serving quality (e.g., the cell quality continues to be smaller than the “S-measure” ) , the UE initiates the neighbor cell measurement. If the UE determines that the serving quality is recovered (e.g., the cell quality exceeds the “S-measure” during the “Tms” period) , the UE may not enable the neighbor measurement.
[0111] To illustrate, consider the following case. The network configures the period of “Tms” according to the beam transition period “T” in one area. The value of “Tms” can be the minimum value, the maximum value, or the average value of transition times. During the transition time (e.g., at “T2” of FIG. 5) , the UE determines that the serving cell's cell quality is smaller than the “S-measure. ” This threshold value-condition being satisfied triggers the UE to start a wait timer “WT. ” After the beam transition is completed (e.g., at “T3” in FIG. 5), the wait timer “WT” expires and the UE determines that the cell quality is still bad or has worsened (e.g., remains smaller than the “S-measure” ) . Accordingly, the UE starts the neighbor cell. In contrast, if the UE had determined that the cell quality has improved after the expiration of the wait timer “WT” (e.g. the cell quality is now larger than the “S-measure” ) , the UE can forego performing he neighbor cell measurement. In both situations, if within the transition time period (the beam transition period “T” has not expired yet) , if the UE detects an improvement to the cell quality (e.g., the cell quality exceeding the “S-measure” or increasing but not yet exceeding the “S-measure” ) , the E can stop the wait timer and can forego performing the neighbor cell measurement.
[0112] As illustrated in FIG. 9, a UE 970 is located within a cell coverage of a serving cell 910. A neighbor cell 920 exists and provides cell coverage that is at least adjacent to that of the serving cell 910. A beam coverage change occurs during a transition time 950. In the top part of FIG. 9, the situation of not performing RRM measurement of the neighbor cell 920 (labeled as no RRM measurement 901) is shown. Particularly, when either or both the threshold value-based condition and / or timer-based condition are unsatisfied 900, the UE 970 foregoes performing an RRM measurement of the neighbor cell 920. In the bottom part of FIG. 9, the situation of performing RRM measurement of the neighbor cell 920 (labeled as RRM measurement 903) is shown. Particularly, when both the threshold value-based condition and the timer-based condition are satisfied 902, the UE 970 performs the RRM measurement 903.
[0113] FIG. 10 illustrates an additional example of RRM measurements triggered using a measurement offset 1050, in accordance with some embodiments. Here, rather than changing a threshold value (e.g., “S-measure” ) , a network (NTN) can configure an offset for a UE to use when performing beam measurements or cell measurements related to a serving cell during a transition time of a beam coverage change. The offset 1050 can be configured via layer 1, layer 2, and / or layer 3 signaling.
[0114] In an example, the network configures the offset 1050 in a measurement configuration for a serving cell beam result and / or a cell result calculation, during the transition time. The UE can consider the offset 1050 when generate the beam quality and / or the cell quality. The offset 1050 can be specific to a beam or applicable to all beams (in which case, it may be referred to as beam offset) . The offset 1050 can additionally or alternatively be specific to the serving cell (in which case, it may be referred to as a cell offset) . By design or based on a configuration of the UE by the network, the UE may always consider the offset 1050 or can consider the 950 only in some particular time duration (e.g., during a particular portion of the transition area) or in some specific area of the cell coverage area. Once the cell quality is derived (by adjusting one or more beam measurements and / or cell measurement based on the offset 1050) , the UE can compare the cell quality to the threshold value (e.g., “S-measure” ) . Based on the outcome of this comparison, the UE can perform the neighbor cell measurement (e.g., this measurement is performed when the cell quality is smaller than the “S-measure” ) .
[0115] As illustrated in FIG. 10, the network provides a serving cell 1010. A portion of the cell coverage of the serving cell 1010 is covered by a beam 1020. The network configures a UE 1070 to use the offset 1050 during a transition time 1060 (or at least a portion thereof, where the transition time 1060 corresponds to a beam coverage change) and / or within an area included in the coverage area. During the transition time and / or while in the area, the UE 1070 performs a beam measurement 1040 and a cell measurement 1030. The UE 1070 also determines the configured offset 1050 and adjusts the beam measurement 1040 and / or the cell measurement 1030 accordingly to derive an adjusted cell measurement. The UE 1070 compares the adjusted cell measurement to the configured “S-measure” to determine whether the neighbor cell measurement is to be performed or foregone.
[0116] Referring back to FIGS. 6-10, different techniques are described to intelligently perform or forgo the performance of neighbor cell measurements. Although described separately, these techniques can be used in conjunction. More specifically, any combination of the techniques can be possible.
[0117] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an operational flow / algorithmic structure 1100 implemented by a EU to perform RRM measurements, in accordance with some embodiments. The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1100 may be performed or implemented by a component of the UE, for example, processors 1404.
[0118] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1100 may include, at 1102, performing, at a first time, a first measurement associated with a serving cell. For example, at the first time, the UE can be within a cell coverage of a serving cell, or more particularly, a beam coverage of a beam of the serving cell. Beam measurements and cell measurements of the serving cell can be performed according to the RRM measurement model 400 of FIG. 4. Such measurements can include a first beam measurement, which may correspond to the beam and / or a first cell measurement, which may correspond to the serving cell.
[0119] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1100 may include, at 1104, performing, at a second time, a second measurement associated with the serving cell. A change to the beam coverage of the serving cell occurs between the first time and the second time. The second measurement indicates a degradation to a quality of the serving cell. The second measurement can be a second beam measurement of the beam and / or a second cell measurement of the serving cell. For example, the second time falls within a transition time corresponding to the beam coverage change. Beam measurements and cell measurements of the serving cell can be performed again at the second time according to the RRM measurement model 400 of FIG. 4. Such measurements include the second beam measurement, which may also correspond to the beam. The second cell measurement performed at the second time can be based on the second beam measurement. Because of the beam coverage change, the second beam measurement can indicate a lower beam quality of the beam than the first beam measurement. Accordingly here, the second cell measurement can indicate a lower cell quality than the cell quality at the first time. This lower cell measurement can correspond to a degradation of the cell quality due in part to the beam coverage change. If the cell measurement at the second time is compared to a configured threshold value (e.g., an “S-measure” ) , the result of the comparison may indicate that a neighbor cell measurement is to be performed.
[0120] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1100 may include, at 1106, determining whether a set of conditions is satisfied, the set of conditions associated with performing a radio resource management (RRM) measurement of a neighbor cell. For example, any of the techniques described in FIGS. 6-10, or a combination thereof can be used to determine that certain configured or dynamically signaled condition (s) are satisfied or unsatisfied (e.g., a location-based condition, a time-based condition, a timer-based condition, an updated threshold value-condition, a deactivated threshold-value condition, and / or an updated cell measurement condition are unsatisfied) . Accordingly, the RRM measurement is not triggered when the relevant condition (s) is (are) satisfied.
[0121] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1100 may include, at 1108, performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell only when the set of conditions is satisfied. In particular, the RRM measurement is performed when the applicable condition (s) is (are) stratified. Otherwise, the UE foregoes, despite the degradation, performing the RRM measurement.
[0122] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an operational flow / algorithmic structure 1200 implemented by a network to configure a UE to perform RRM measurements, in accordance with some embodiments. The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1200 may be performed or implemented by a component of the network, for example, such a component of a network node (e.g., processors 1504) . The network can be an NTN.
[0123] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1200 may include, at 1202, sending, to a UE, configuration information associated with RRM measurements. The configuration information can be sent via layer 1, layer 2, and / or layer 3 signaling and can indicate one or more of the conditions described in FIGS. 6-10.
[0124] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 1200 may include, at 1204, causing a beam coverage to be provided to the UE using at least a beam of a serving cell. For example, beam and cell information (in addition to reference signals) are sent to the UE such that the UE can connect to the serving cell (e.g., to the network node) and use the beam for data communications therewith. Here, a change to the beam coverage occurs between a first time and a second time. The configuration information configures the UE to perform a first measurement at the first time and a second measurement at the second time, the first measurement and the second measurement are associated with the serving cell. The configuration information indicates a set of conditions associated with performing a radio resource management (RRM) measurement of a neighbor cell such that the UE is further configured UE to perform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell only when the set of conditions is satisfied..
[0125] FIG. 13 illustrates receive components 1300 of the UE 104, in accordance with some embodiments. An apparatus can include similar receive components. The receive components 1300 may include an antenna panel 1304 that includes a number of antenna elements. The panel 1304 is shown with four antenna elements, but other embodiments may include other numbers.
[0126] The antenna panel 1304 may be coupled to analog beamforming (BF) components that include a number of phase shifters 1308 (1) -1308 (4) . The phase shifters 1308 (1) -1308 (4) may be coupled with a radio-frequency (RF) chain 1312. The RF chain 1312 may amplify a receive analog RF signal, downconvert the RF signal to baseband, and convert the analog baseband signal to a digital baseband signal that may be provided to a baseband processor for further processing.
[0127] In various embodiments, control circuitry, which may reside in a baseband processor, may provide BF weights (for example W1 -W4) , which may represent phase shift values, to the phase shifters 1308 (1) -1308 (4) to provide a receive beam at the antenna panel 1304. These BF weights may be determined based on the channel-based beamforming.
[0128] FIG. 14 illustrates a UE 1400, in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 1400 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with UE 104 of FIG. 1. An apparatus can include similar components, including for instance, processors, memory, and RF interface circuitry.
[0129] Similar to that described above with respect to UE 104, the UE 1400 may be any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as mobile phones, computers, tablets, industrial wireless sensors (for example, microphones, carbon dioxide sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, thermometers, motion sensors, accelerometers, laser scanners, fluid level sensors, inventory sensors, electric voltage / current meters, actuators, etc. ) , video surveillance / monitoring devices (for example, cameras, video cameras, etc. ) , wearable devices, or relaxed-IoT devices. In some embodiments, the UE may be a reduced capacity UE or NR-Light UE.
[0130] The UE 1400 may include processors 1404, RF interface circuitry 1408, memory / storage 1412, user interface 1416, sensors 1420, driver circuitry 1422, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 1424, and battery 1428. The components of the UE 1400 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs) , portions thereof, discrete electronic devices, or other modules, logic, hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. The block diagram of FIG. 14 is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of the UE 1400. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangements of the components shown may occur in other implementations.
[0131] The components of the UE 1400 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 1432, which may represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or expansion) , transmission line, trace, optical connection, etc., that allows various circuit components (on common or different chips or chipsets) to interact with one another.
[0132] The processors 1404 may include processor circuitry, such as baseband processor circuitry (BB) 1404A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 1404B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 1404C. The processors 1404 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage 1412 to cause the UE 1400 to perform operations as described herein.
[0133] In some embodiments, the baseband processor circuitry 1404A may access a communication protocol stack 1436 in the memory / storage 1412 to communicate over a 3GPP compatible network. In general, the baseband processor circuitry 1404A may access the communication protocol stack to: perform user plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, SDAP layer, and PDU layer; and perform control plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, RRC layer, and a non-access stratum “NAS” layer. In some embodiments, the PHY layer operations may additionally / alternatively be performed by the components of the RF interface circuitry 1408.
[0134] The baseband processor circuitry 1404A may generate or process baseband signals or waveforms that carry information in 3GPP-compatible networks. In some embodiments, the waveforms for NR may be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.
[0135] The baseband processor circuitry 1404A may also access group information from memory / storage 1412 to determine search space groups in which a number of repetitions of a PDCCH may be transmitted.
[0136] The memory / storage 1412 may include any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that may be distributed throughout the UE 1400. In some embodiments, some of the memory / storage 1412 may be located on the processors 1404 themselves (for example, layer 1 and L2 cache) , while other memory / storage 1412 is external to the processors 1404 but accessible thereto via a memory interface. The memory / storage 1412 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory, such as, but not limited to, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) , static random-access memory (SRAM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , Flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.
[0137] The RF interface circuitry 1408 may include transceiver circuitry and a radio frequency front module (RFEM) that allows the UE 1400 to communicate with other devices over a radio access network. The RF interface circuitry 1408 may include various elements arranged in transmit or receive paths. These elements may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuitry, control circuitry, etc.
[0138] In the receive path, the RFEM may receive a radiated signal from an air interface via an antenna 1450 and proceed to filter and amplify (with a low-noise amplifier) the signal. The signal may be provided to a receiver of the transceiver that down-converts the RF signal into a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of the processors 1404.
[0139] In the transmit path, the transmitter of the transceiver up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM may amplify the RF signal through a power amplifier prior to the signal being radiated across the air interface via the antenna 1450.
[0140] In various embodiments, the RF interface circuitry 1408 may be configured to transmit / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technologies.
[0141] The antenna 1450 may include a number of antenna elements that each convert electrical signals into radio waves to travel through the air and to convert received radio waves into electrical signals. The antenna elements may be arranged into one or more antenna panels. The antenna 1450 may have antenna panels that are omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof to enable beamforming and multiple input, multiple output communications. The antenna 1450 may include microstrip antennas, printed antennas fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, patch antennas, phased array antennas, etc. The antenna 1450 may have one or more panels designed for specific frequency bands including bands in FR1 or FR2.
[0142] The user interface circuitry 1416 includes various input / output (I / O) devices designed to enable user interaction with the UE 1400. The user interface 1416 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. Input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for accepting an input, including, inter alia, one or more physical or virtual buttons (for example, a reset button) , a physical keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, microphones, scanner, headset, or the like. The output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for showing information or otherwise conveying information, such as sensor readings, actuator position (s) , or other like information. Output device circuitry may include any number or combinations of audio or visual display, including, inter alia, one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (for example, binary status indicators, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and multi-character visual outputs) , or more complex outputs, such as display devices or touchscreens (for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) , LED displays, quantum dot displays, projectors, etc. ) , with the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, and the like being generated or produced from the operation of the UE 1400.
[0143] The sensors 1420 may include devices, modules, or subsystems whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information (sensor data) about the detected events to some other device, module, subsystem, etc. Examples of such sensors include, inter alia, inertia measurement units comprising accelerometers; gyroscopes; or magnetometers; microelectromechanical systems or nanoelectromechanical systems comprising 3-axis accelerometers; 3-axis gyroscopes; or magnetometers; level sensors; flow sensors; temperature sensors (for example, thermistors) ; pressure sensors; barometric pressure sensors; gravimeters; altimeters; image capture devices (for example; cameras or lensless apertures) ; light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (for example, infrared radiation detector and the like) ; depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; microphones or other like audio capture devices; etc.
[0144] The driver circuitry 1422 may include software and hardware elements that operate to control particular devices that are embedded in the UE 1400, attached to the UE 1400, or otherwise communicatively coupled with the UE 1400. The driver circuitry 1422 may include individual drivers allowing other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may be present within, or connected to, the UE 1400. For example, driver circuitry 1422 may include a display driver to control and allow access to a display device, a touchscreen driver to control and allow access to a touchscreen interface, sensor drivers to obtain sensor readings of sensor circuitry 1420 and control and allow access to sensor circuitry 1420, drivers to obtain actuator positions of electro-mechanic components or control and allow access to the electro-mechanic components, a camera driver to control and allow access to an embedded image capture device, audio drivers to control and allow access to one or more audio devices.
[0145] The PMIC 1424 may manage power provided to various components of the UE 1400. In particular, with respect to the processors 1404, the PMIC 1424 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion.
[0146] In some embodiments, the PMIC 1424 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the UE 1400. For example, if the platform UE is in an RRC_Connected state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the UE 1400 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power. If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, then the UE 1400 may transition off to an RRC_Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations, such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc.The UE 1400 goes into a very low power state and wakes up to listen to paging from the network and then powers down again. The UE 1400 may not receive data in this state; in order to receive data, it must transition back to RRC_Connected state. An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours) . During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely or shut down RF activity completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
[0147] A battery 1428 may power the UE 1400, although in some examples the UE 1400 may be mounted deployed in a fixed lo8ation and may have a power supply coupled to an electrical grid. The battery 1428 may be a lithium-ion battery, a metal-air battery, such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, and the like. In some implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, the battery 1428 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.
[0148] FIG. 15 illustrates a gNB 1500, in accordance with some embodiments. The gNB 1500 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with the network node 108 of FIG. 1.
[0149] The gNB 1500 may include processors 1504, RAN interface circuitry 1508, core network (CN) interface circuitry 1512, and memory / storage circuitry 1516.
[0150] The components of the gNB 1500 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 1528.
[0151] The processors 1504, RAN interface circuitry 1508, memory / storage circuitry 1516 (including communication protocol stack 1510) , antenna 1550, and interconnects 1528 may be similar to like-named elements shown and described with respect to FIG. 14.
[0152] The CN interface circuitry 1512 may provide connectivity to a core network, for example, a Fifth Generation Core network (5GC) using a 5GC-compatible network interface protocol, such as carrier Ethernet protocols, or some other suitable protocol. Network connectivity may be provided to / from the gNB 1500 via a fiber optic or wireless backhaul.The CN interface circuitry 1512 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs to communicate using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuitry 1512 may include multiple controllers to provide connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.
[0153] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0154] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section.
[0155] Examsles
[0156] In the following sections, further exemplary embodiments are provided.
[0157] Example 1 includes a method comprising: performing, at a first time, a first measurement associated with a serving cell; performing, at a second time, a second measurement associated with the serving cell, wherein the second measurement indicates a degradation to a quality of the serving cell; determining whether a set of conditions is satisfied, the set of conditions associated with performing a radio resource management (RRM) measurement of a neighbor cell; and performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell only when the set of conditions is satisfied.
[0158] Example 2 includes a method comprising: sending, to a user equipment (UE) , configuration information associated with performing radio resource management (RRM) measurements; and causing a beam coverage to be provided to the UE using at least a beam of a serving cell, wherein: the configuration information configures the UE to perform a first measurement at the first time and a second measurement at the second time, the first measurement and the second measurement are associated with the serving cell, and the configuration information indicates a set of conditions associated with performing a radio resource management (RRM) measurement of a neighbor cell such that the UE is further configured UE to perform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell only when the set of conditions is satisfied.
[0159] Example 3 includes the method of any preceding examples, further comprising: processing information that configures performing RRM measurements, wherein the information associates operations in a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode (RRC_CONNECTED) with at least one of a location-based condition or a time-based condition of the set of conditions to perform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell.
[0160] Example 4 includes the method of example 3, wherein the information includes location-based information that indicates a reference location associated with the serving cell and a threshold distance and configures performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell upon a distance relative to the reference location exceeding the threshold distance.
[0161] Example 5 includes the method of example 3, wherein the information includes time based information that indicates a service time of the serving cell and configures performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell upon a remaining time until an end of the service time being smaller than a threshold amount of time.
[0162] Example 6 includes the method of example 3, wherein the information further configures a serving cell quality related threshold value associated with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein the second measurement includes a serving cell measurement, and wherein the method further comprises: performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the serving cell measurement being smaller than the serving cell quality related threshold value and the at least one of the location-based condition or the time-based condition being satisfied.
[0163] Example 7 includes the method of example 3, wherein the information further configures a serving cell quality related threshold value associated with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, and wherein the method further comprises: performing, regardless of the quality of the serving cell and the serving cell quality related threshold value, the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the at least one of the location-based condition or the time-based condition being satisfied.
[0164] Example 8 includes the method of any preceding example, further comprising: processing information that associates a plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein each one of the threshold values is associated with a corresponding location-based condition of the set of conditions; determining that a location-based condition is satisfied; determining that a cell measurement of the serving cell is smaller than a serving cell quality related threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values, wherein the serving cell quality related threshold value corresponds to the location-based condition; and performing, based on the cell measurement being smaller than the serving cell quality related threshold value and the location-based condition being satisfied, the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell.
[0165] Example 9 includes the method of example 8, wherein the information associates a first threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a first distance relative to an edge of the serving cell, wherein the information further associates a second threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a second distance relative to the edge of the serving cell.
[0166] Example 10 includes the method of example 8, wherein the information associates a first threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a first set of coverage areas of the serving cell.
[0167] Example 11 includes the method of example 10, wherein the information further associates a second threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a second set of coverage areas of the serving cell.
[0168] Example 12 includes the method of any preceding example, further comprising: processing information that associates a condition of the set of conditions with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein the condition indicates a threshold value for a transition time or an update to the threshold value that needs to be satisfied; and determining that the condition is unsatisfied, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the condition being unmet.
[0169] Example 13 includes the method of example 12, wherein the information is received via layer 1, layer 2, or layer 3 signaling.
[0170] Example 14 includes the method of example 12, wherein the information is received in broadcast signaling sent to a plurality of user equipment (UEs) or in dedicated signaling sent to only one of the plurality of UEs.
[0171] Example 15 includes the method of any preceding example, further comprising: processing information that configures a use of a threshold value in a comparison with a cell measurement of the serving cell to determine whether the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed, wherein the information associates the use of the threshold value with a condition of the set of conditions, wherein the condition indicates a deactivation during a transition time of the use of the threshold value; and determining that the condition is unsatisfied, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the condition being unmet.
[0172] Example 16 includes the method of any preceding example, further comprising: processing information that configures a use of a threshold value in a comparison with a cell measurement of the serving cell to determine whether the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed, wherein the information further configures a transition time, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the threshold value and the transition time.
[0173] Example 17 includes the method of any preceding example 1-15, further comprising: processing information that configures a threshold value such that the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed upon a cell measurement of the serving cell being smaller than the threshold value, wherein the information further configures a maximum time during which the quality of the serving cell can smaller than the threshold value; determining a duration during which the cell measurement is smaller than the threshold value; and determining that the duration has not reached the maximum time, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the duration having not reached the maximum time.
[0174] Example 18 includes the method of any preceding example 1-15, further comprising: processing information that configures a threshold value such that the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed upon a cell measurement of the serving cell being smaller than the threshold value, wherein the information further configures a maximum time during which the quality of the serving cell can smaller than the threshold value; determining a duration during which the cell measurement is smaller than the threshold value; determining that the duration has reached the maximum time; and performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the duration having reached the maximum time.
[0175] Example 19 includes the method of any preceding example 1-15, further comprising: processing information that configures a threshold value such that the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed upon a cell measurement of the serving cell being smaller than the threshold value; determining that a first cell measurement of the serving cell is smaller than the threshold value; starting a timer based on the first cell measurement being smaller than the threshold value; determining a stop or a reset of the timer based on the serving cell's quality becoming better and no smaller than the threshold value; and performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the stop or reset of the timer.
[0176] Example 20 includes the method of any preceding example 1-15, further comprising: processing information that configures an offset to be applied to at least one of a beam measurement of a beam of the serving cell or a cell measurement of the serving cell; performing a first beam measurement of the beam or a first cell measurement of the serving cell; and generating the second measurement based on the first beam measurement or the first cell measurement and the offset, wherein the second measurement includes a serving cell measurement, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the serving cell measurement.
[0177] Example 21 includes the method of any preceding example, wherein the information indicates a condition of the set of conditions to be satisfied for the offset to be applied, wherein the condition corresponds to at least one of the apparatus being located in a coverage area while the first measurement is performed or a transition time during which the first measurement is performed, wherein the transition time corresponds to the change to the beam coverage.
[0178] Example 22 includes the method of any preceding example, wherein the configuration information associates operations in a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode (RRC_CONNECTED) with at least one of a location-based condition or a time-based condition of the set of conditions.
[0179] Example 23 includes the method of any preceding example, wherein the configuration information associates a plurality of threshold values with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed.
[0180] Example 24 includes the method of any preceding example, wherein the configuration information associates a condition of the set of conditions with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein the condition indicates a threshold value for a transition time or an update to the threshold value that needs to be exceeded.
[0181] Example 25 includes the method of any preceding example, wherein the configuration information configures a use of a threshold value in a comparison with a cell measurement of the serving cell to determine whether the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed, wherein the configuration information further configures a transition time.
[0182] Example 26 includes the method of any preceding example, wherein the configuration information configures an offset to be applied to at least one of a beam measurement of a beam of the serving cell or a cell measurement of the serving cell.
[0183] Example 27 includes a user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memory storing instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the UE to perform a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.
[0184] Example 28 includes one or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed on a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to perform operations comprising those of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.
[0185] Example 29 includes a device comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.
[0186] Example 30 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause a device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.
[0187] Example 31 includes a device comprising logic, modules, or processing circuitry configured to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.
[0188] Example 32 includes a device, a network, a base station, or a system comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.
[0189] Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0190] Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0191] Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
Claims
1.A method comprising:performing, at a first time, a first measurement associated with a serving cell;performing, at a second time, a second measurement associated with the serving cell, wherein the second measurement indicates a degradation to a quality of the serving cell;determining whether a set of conditions is satisfied, the set of conditions associated with performing a radio resource management (RRM) measurement of a neighbor cell; andperforming the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell only when the set of conditions is satisfied.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:processing information that configures performing RRM measurements, wherein the information associates operations in a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode (RRC_CONNECTED) with at least one of a location-based condition or a time-based condition of the set of conditions to perform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the information includes location-based information that indicates a reference location associated with the serving cell and a threshold distance and configures performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell upon a distance relative to the reference location exceeding the threshold distance.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the information includes time based information that indicates a service time of the serving cell and configures performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell upon a remaining time until an end of the service time being smaller than a threshold amount of time.5.The method of claim 2, wherein the information further configures a serving cell quality related threshold value associated with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein the second measurement includes a serving cell measurement, and wherein the method further comprises:performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the serving cell measurement being smaller than the serving cell quality related threshold value and the at least one of the location-based condition or the time-based condition being satisfied.6.The method of claim 2, wherein the information further configures a serving cell quality related threshold value associated with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, and wherein the method further comprises:performing, regardless of the quality of the serving cell and the serving cell quality related threshold value, the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the at least one of the location-based condition or the time-based condition being satisfied.7.The method of claim 1, further comprising:processing information that associates a plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein each one of the threshold values is associated with a corresponding location-based condition of the set of conditions;determining that a location-based condition is satisfied;determining that a cell measurement of the serving cell is smaller than a serving cell quality related threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values, wherein the serving cell quality related threshold value corresponds to the location-based condition; andperforming, based on the cell measurement being smaller than the serving cell quality related threshold value and the location-based condition being satisfied, the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the information associates a first threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a first distance relative to an edge of the serving cell, wherein the information further associates a second threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a second distance relative to the edge of the serving cell.9.The method of claim 7, wherein the information associates a first threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a first set of coverage areas of the serving cell.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the information further associates a second threshold value of the plurality of serving cell quality related threshold values with a second set of coverage areas of the serving cell.11.The method of claim 1, further comprising:processing information that associates a condition of the set of conditions with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein the condition indicates a threshold value for a transition time or an update to the threshold value that needs to be satisfied; anddetermining that the condition is unsatisfied, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the condition being unmet.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the information is received via layer 1, layer 2, or layer 3 signaling.13.The method of claim 11, wherein the information is received in broadcast signaling sent to a plurality of user equipment (UEs) or in dedicated signaling sent to only one of the plurality of UEs.14.The method of claim 1, further comprising:processing information that configures a use of a threshold value in a comparison with a cell measurement of the serving cell to determine whether the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed, wherein the information associates the use of the threshold value with a condition of the set of conditions, wherein the condition indicates a deactivation during a transition time of the use of the threshold value; anddetermining that the condition is unsatisfied, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the condition being unmet.15.An apparatus comprising:processing circuitry configured to:perform, at a first time, a first measurement associated with a serving cell;perform, at a second time, a second measurement associated with the serving cell, wherein the second measurement indicates a degradation to a quality of the serving cell;determine whether a set of conditions is satisfied, the set of conditions associated with performing a radio resource management (RRM) measurement of a neighbor cell; andperform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell only when the set of conditions is satisfied.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process information that configures a use of a threshold value in a comparison with a cell measurement of the serving cell to determine whether the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed, wherein the information further configures a transition time, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the threshold value and the transition time.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process information that configures a threshold value such that the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed upon a cell measurement of the serving cell being smaller than the threshold value, wherein the information further configures a maximum time during which the quality of the serving cell can smaller than the threshold value;determine a duration during which the cell measurement is smaller than the threshold value; anddetermine that the duration has not reached the maximum time, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the duration having not reached the maximum time.18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process information that configures a threshold value such that the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed upon a cell measurement of the serving cell being smaller than the threshold value, wherein the information further configures a maximum time during which the quality of the serving cell can smaller than the threshold value;determine a duration during which the cell measurement is smaller than the threshold value;determine that the duration has reached the maximum time; andperform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the duration having reached the maximum time.19.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process information that configures a threshold value such that the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed upon a cell measurement of the serving cell being smaller than the threshold value;determine that a first cell measurement of the serving cell is smaller than the threshold value;start a timer based on the first cell measurement being smaller than the threshold value;determine a stop or a reset of the timer based on the serving cell’s quality becoming better and no smaller than the threshold value; andperform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell based on the stop or reset of the timer.20.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:process information that configures an offset to be applied to at least one of a beam measurement of a beam of the serving cell or a cell measurement of the serving cell;perform a first beam measurement of the beam or a first cell measurement of the serving cell; andgenerate the second measurement based on the first beam measurement or the first cell measurement and the offset, wherein the second measurement includes a serving cell measurement, wherein performing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is foregone based on the serving cell measurement.21.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the information indicates a condition of the set of conditions to be satisfied for the offset to be applied, wherein the condition corresponds to at least one of the apparatus being located in a coverage area while the first measurement is performed or a transition time during which the first measurement is performed, wherein the transition time corresponds to the change to the beam coverage.22.A method comprising:sending, to a user equipment (UE) , configuration information associated with performing radio resource management (RRM) measurements; andcausing a beam coverage to be provided to the UE using at least a beam of a serving cell,wherein:the configuration information configures the UE to perform a first measurement at the first time and a second measurement at the second time, the first measurement and the second measurement are associated with the serving cell, andthe configuration information indicates a set of conditions associated with performing a radio resource management (RRM) measurement of a neighbor cell such that the UE is further configured UE to perform the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell only when the set of conditions is satisfied.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the configuration information associates operations in a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode (RRC_CONNECTED) with at least one of a location-based condition or a time-based condition of the set of conditions.24.The method of claim 22, wherein the configuration information associates a plurality of threshold values with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed.25.The method of claim 22, wherein the configuration information associates a condition of the set of conditions with causing the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell to be performed, wherein the condition indicates a threshold value for a transition time or an update to the threshold value that needs to be exceeded.26.The method of claim 22, wherein the configuration information configures a use of a threshold value in a comparison with a cell measurement of the serving cell to determine whether the RRM measurement of the neighbor cell is to be performed, wherein the configuration information further configures a transition time.27.The method of claim 22, wherein the configuration information configures an offset to be applied to at least one of a beam measurement of a beam of the serving cell or a cell measurement of the serving cell.
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