Fire safety system, centralized fire safety system, energy storage device, and energy storage system

Abstract

A fire safety system, comprising a first-level fire-fighting unit (11) and a second-level fire-fighting unit (12), wherein the first-level fire-fighting unit (11) cooperates with the second-level fire-fighting unit (12) to perform safety protection on batteries of the entire energy storage device, thereby improving the safety of the entire energy storage device, and solving the problems of the treatment effects of fire safety measures for existing energy storage devices not being ideal and the energy storage devices having safety hazards. Further disclosed are a centralized fire safety system, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system.

Description

Fire safety system, centralized fire safety system, energy storage device, and energy storage system Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of battery energy storage, and specifically relates to a fire safety system, a centralized fire safety system, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar and wind power, energy storage technology has also evolved. Lithium batteries, with their advantages of high energy consumption, long service life, high rated voltage, high power handling capacity, and low self-discharge, have gradually become the mainstream energy storage product. With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage equipment, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention.

[0003] Existing energy storage systems typically include multiple energy storage devices, each of which includes multiple battery modules. Each module is composed of multiple single cells connected in series, resulting in high integration and energy density. Due to the high concentration of battery modules in energy storage devices, factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical impact can easily cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway and the generation of thermal runaway fumes. Thermal runaway battery modules are prone to combustion and, in severe cases, explosion, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem that the fire safety measures of existing energy storage equipment have unsatisfactory treatment effects and energy storage equipment has safety hazards, the present application provides a fire safety system, a centralized fire safety system and energy storage equipment, and an energy storage system.

[0005] To solve the above problems, this application provides the following different forms of fire safety systems and energy storage devices.

[0006] The first fire safety system provided by this application is as follows:

[0007] A fire safety system includes a primary fire unit and a secondary fire unit; the primary fire unit includes a smoke manifold and a first smoke treatment device, the smoke manifold is used to transport thermal runaway smoke from battery thermal runaway to the first smoke treatment device for treatment; the first smoke treatment device includes an ignition device for igniting the thermal runaway smoke; the secondary fire unit includes a fire device and a fire pipeline; the fire device contains fire extinguishing material, and the fire pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing material in the fire device into an energy storage box.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a three-level fire-fighting unit, which includes a fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline, and the inlet of the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire-fighting water pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is provided on the fire-fighting pipeline, and the fire extinguishing agent nozzle is provided on the top of the energy storage box.

[0010] Furthermore, the energy storage box is provided with a sensor, and the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a smoke detector, and a gas sensor.

[0011] Furthermore, a battery compartment and a fire fighting compartment are provided in the energy storage box, at least part of the fire fighting pipeline and the smoke manifold are located in the battery compartment, the fire fighting device is arranged in the fire fighting compartment, and the ignition device is arranged on the top outside of the fire fighting compartment.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a second flue gas treatment device arranged between the flue gas manifold and the first flue gas treatment device, and the second flue gas treatment device includes at least one of an adsorption device and a cooling device.

[0013] Furthermore, it includes at least one safety device, each safety device includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the pipeline on the outlet side of the second flue gas treatment device, or the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the battery explosion relief part.

[0014] Furthermore, the ignition device includes a flue gas pipeline, an igniter and a burner; the inlet of the flue gas pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, and the outlet is connected to the burner, for transporting the thermal runaway flue gas to the burner; the burner includes a combustion shell and a porous structure; the combustion shell is a box structure with one end open; the porous structure is arranged at the open end of the box; the igniter is arranged on the combustion shell, for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0015] The present application also provides an energy storage device comprising an energy storage box, multiple batteries, and the aforementioned fire safety system. The multiple batteries are disposed within the energy storage box, and a smoke manifold is connected to the explosion venting portion of each battery. Furthermore, the energy storage box is provided with at least one exhaust window.

[0016] The second fire safety system provided by this application is as follows:

[0017] A centralized fire safety system for an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprising a plurality of energy storage devices, the centralized fire safety system comprising a smoke pretreatment unit, a smoke conveying unit and a smoke treatment unit; the smoke pretreatment unit being provided on each energy storage device and being used to pretreat thermal runaway smoke generated after thermal runaway of a battery module in the energy storage device; the smoke conveying unit being used to centrally convey the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each smoke pretreatment unit to a smoke treatment unit; the smoke treatment unit being used to centrally reprocess the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each smoke pretreatment unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the flue gas pretreatment unit includes a flue gas manifold and a first-level fire-fighting unit. The flue gas manifold transports the thermal runaway flue gas generated by thermal runaway of each battery module in the energy storage device to the first-level fire-fighting unit. The first-level fire-fighting unit includes at least one of a flue gas cooling device and an adsorption filtering device.

[0019] Furthermore, the adsorption and filtration device includes a liquid pretreatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The first to M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0020] Furthermore, the flue gas pretreatment unit also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment or the flue gas conveying unit; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the explosion relief mechanism of the battery module in the energy storage device.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a secondary fire-fighting unit arranged in the energy storage box, which includes a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipeline; the fire-fighting device contains fire-extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipeline is used to transport the fire-fighting substances in the fire-fighting device to the energy storage box of the energy storage equipment.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a three-level fire-fighting unit arranged in the energy storage box, the three-level fire-fighting unit includes a fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline, and the inlet of the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire-fighting water pipe.

[0023] Furthermore, the flue gas conveying unit includes a flue gas main line and multiple flue gas branch lines, each flue gas branch line is respectively connected to each flue gas pretreatment unit and the flue gas main line, and is used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each flue gas pretreatment unit to the flue gas main line; the flue gas main line gathers the thermal runaway flue gas in multiple flue gas branch lines into the flue gas treatment unit, and the flue gas branch line is provided with a first one-way valve that allows the thermal runaway flue gas to flow in one direction. At the same time, the flue gas branch line is provided with a suction device that draws the thermal runaway flue gas into the flue gas main line.

[0024] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a gas generation device, a flue gas exhaust device or an ignition device.

[0025] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the 1st liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are all filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0026] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit is arranged in an empty energy storage box.

[0027] The present application provides an energy storage system, which includes multiple energy storage devices and the above-mentioned centralized fire safety system. The energy storage devices include an energy storage box and multiple battery modules arranged in the energy storage box. The thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module is pretreated by a flue gas pretreatment unit and then transported to a flue gas treatment unit through a flue gas transport unit for reprocessing.

[0028] Furthermore, the battery module includes an outer shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the outer shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is provided in the outer shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; avoidance holes are provided on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the area of ​​the outer shell top plate corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; an explosion relief mechanism connected to the shared chamber is provided on the outer shell, and the explosion relief mechanisms of each battery module are connected to the flue gas manifold.

[0029] At the same time, the present application also provides the following different forms of energy storage devices, each of which includes a fire safety system to solve the safety hazard problem after the exhaust of smoke from thermal runaway of existing energy storage devices.

[0030] The first energy storage device provided in this application is as follows:

[0031] The present application provides an energy storage device, which is special in that it includes an energy storage box, a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly; the above-mentioned energy storage box includes an equipment compartment and a battery compartment, and a support frame is provided in the battery compartment; the above-mentioned fire safety system includes a first-level fire unit, and the first-level fire unit includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit, and the smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke; at least part of the structure of the smoke treatment unit is placed in the equipment compartment; the above-mentioned battery pack assembly includes a battery pack support frame, an explosion venting manifold and n large-capacity battery assemblies connected in series fixed on the battery pack support frame; wherein n is an integer greater than 1; each large-capacity battery pack The component includes a large-capacity battery and a bracket assembly. The large-capacity battery includes a shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the shell in the same direction; the shell is provided with a shared chamber and an explosion-proof pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; a avoidance hole is provided on the top plate of the shell corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single cell; the polarity terminal of each single cell extends out of the avoidance hole, and the top plate area of ​​the shell corresponding to the avoidance hole is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; the above-mentioned explosion-proof manifold is connected to the explosion-proof pipe assembly of each large-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion-proof manifold is connected to the flue gas manifold; wherein, each large-capacity battery assembly is fixed to the battery pack support frame through the bracket assembly, and the battery pack assembly is placed on the support frame in the battery compartment through the battery pack support frame. In the energy storage device of the present application, the large-capacity battery places multiple single cells in a shell with a shared chamber, and utilizes the shared chamber to connect with the inner cavities of each single cell located in the shell, thereby reducing the differences between the single cells and improving the consistency between the single cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent. At the same time, an explosion venting pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber is provided on the outer shell of each large-capacity battery. A flue gas treatment system is also provided in the energy storage device, which connects the explosion venting pipe assemblies of each large-capacity battery with the flue gas manifold of the flue gas treatment system. The thermal runaway flue gas passes through the explosion venting pipe assembly and the flue gas manifold in turn and enters the flue gas treatment unit of the flue gas treatment system for treatment, thereby reducing the safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0032] Furthermore, the above-mentioned shared chamber is an electrolyte shared chamber, which is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell; by utilizing the electrolyte shared chamber and the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell located in the outer shell to connect, the differences between the single cells are reduced, and the consistency between the single cells is improved to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0033] Furthermore, the above-mentioned shared chamber can also be a gas sharing chamber, which is connected to the gas area of ​​each single cell. The gas sharing chamber and the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of each single cell located in the outer shell are connected to achieve gas balance, reduce the differences between each single cell, and improve the consistency between each single cell to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0034] Furthermore, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber communicates with the electrolyte area of ​​each cell, while the gas shared chamber communicates with the gas area of ​​each cell. By connecting the electrolyte shared chamber with the electrolyte area of ​​each cell within the housing, and by connecting the gas shared chamber with the gas area of ​​each cell within the housing, gas balance is achieved, reducing variations between cells and improving their consistency to a certain extent, thereby increasing the cycle life of high-capacity batteries.

[0035] Furthermore, the above-mentioned shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The above-mentioned electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell. The above-mentioned gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell. The gas channel covers the explosion venting part of each single cell. When the explosion venting part of any single cell is broken through by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and gas channel of the single cell are connected, and the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity of the single cell is discharged through the gas channel, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0036] Furthermore, the shell includes a cylinder assembly with open ends and an end plate assembly covering the two open ends of the cylinder assembly; the electrolyte sharing chamber is located at the bottom of the cylinder assembly and is a liquid channel extending along the x direction.

[0037] Furthermore, the cylinder assembly includes a cylinder and two bosses arranged on the bottom surface of the cylinder, extending in the x-direction and arranged in the y-direction with the same length as the cylinder. The top surface of the boss is the support surface of each single battery. In the y-direction, a liquid channel is formed between the two bosses, serving as a shared chamber for the electrolyte.

[0038] Furthermore, the end plate assembly includes a first end plate and a second end plate; a first through hole is formed on the first end plate; the first end plate is used to cooperate with the explosion relief mechanism fixed at the first through hole to seal the open end of the gas sharing chamber, the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber, and the open end of the cylinder of the large-capacity battery; the second end plate is parallel to the first end plate and there is a gap between the two, which serves as a gas channel; the gas channel extends along the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is used to communicate with the gas sharing chamber, and the air outlet end of the gas channel is connected to the first through hole; in the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is higher than the air outlet end of the gas channel. Setting the fixed area of ​​the explosion relief mechanism to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber with a larger area or the end plate area between the gas chamber open end and the electrolyte sharing chamber open end makes the explosion relief mechanism easier to install than fixing the explosion relief mechanism to the end plate area directly opposite the gas chamber. When the end plate assembly is sealed and fixed to the open end of the cylinder assembly, the first through hole is sealed by the explosion relief mechanism; the air inlet of the gas channel is connected to the gas chamber, and the air outlet of the gas channel is connected to the explosion relief mechanism through the first through hole; and the gap between the first end plate and the second end plate is directly used as the gas channel, so that the gas channel has a larger flow area, and the large-capacity battery has higher safety performance.

[0039] Furthermore, the end plate assembly includes a third end plate that is in close contact with the inner surface of the second end plate. The addition of this third end plate allows, firstly, the third end plate's dimensions along the x-direction (the direction in which the cells are arranged, which also extends along the length of the outer shell and barrel) to be adjusted. This allows all cells to be clamped in the x-direction, improving the stability of each cell within the inner cavity of the outer shell and preventing swelling of the cells, which can lead to reduced cycle performance in large-capacity batteries. Secondly, this third end plate can further reduce the impact of thermal runaway flue gases in the gas channel on the outermost cells.

[0040] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery also includes 2n sealing connectors; the outer shell area around each avoidance hole is fixedly sealed to the single cell shell by a sealing connector; the sealing connector includes a hollow component that is sleeved on the outside of the polarity terminal of the single cell, and the open end of the bottom of the hollow component is projected on the upper cover of the single cell to cover the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover of the single cell; the bottom of the hollow component and the outer periphery of the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow component and the outer shell top plate area around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed. When in use, the hollow component is sleeved on the outside of the polarity terminal of the single cell, the bottom and the outer area of ​​the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow component and the top plate area of ​​the shell around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed. Regardless of whether there is a gap between the shell and the upper cover of each single cell, or whether the gap size is different, the hollow component can seal and fix the shell and the upper cover of the single cell, thereby ensuring the sealing of the large-capacity battery shell; at the same time, by optimizing the size and shape of the bottom open end of the sealing connector, the bottom open end of the hollow component is projected on the upper cover of the single cell to cover the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell; thereby ensuring that when welding the bottom of the hollow component and the area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell, the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell can be avoided, thereby avoiding damage to the weak area during the welding process, and causing a series of problems such as single cell scrapping and thermal runaway smoke diffusion.

[0041] Furthermore, the sealing connector also includes a base plate fixed to the open bottom end of the hollow member; the base plate is provided with a through hole; the through hole's orthographic projection on the upper cover of the single cell covers the weak area surrounding the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single cell; and the base plate is used to weld and seal the area surrounding the weak area. The base plate allows for reliable welding of the upper cover to the sealing connector, while the through hole's orthographic projection on the upper cover of the single cell covers the weak area surrounding the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single cell. Thus, when the base plate is welded to the upper cover of the single cell, the weld is necessarily located outside the weak area.

[0042] Furthermore, the polarity terminal includes a pole adapter fixed to the pole of the single cell; the pole adapter includes a block-shaped pole adapter body and an electrical connection post fixed to and protruding from the pole adapter body; the pole adapter body has first holes corresponding to the electrical connection posts, and each electrical connection post is connected to the pole of the single cell through each first hole. Utilizing the pole adapter can simplify the preparation process of related high-capacity batteries. During the preparation process of related high-capacity batteries, there is no need to use a support to lift the single cell so that the pole post extends out of the avoidance hole. Instead, the electrical connection post of the pole adapter can be extended into the avoidance hole to connect with the pole of each single cell in the housing.

[0043] Furthermore, in order to improve the connection strength between the pole adapter and the pole, the bottom of the blind hole is connected to the single battery pole by welding; in order to eliminate welding stress, a third through hole is opened at the bottom of the blind hole, and the aperture of the third through hole is smaller than the aperture of the blind hole.

[0044] Furthermore, the high-capacity battery also includes heat transfer tubes, which include a first tube, a second tube, and a connecting tube. A through-slot is defined in the main body of the terminal adapter. The first tube is secured within the through-slot of the positive terminal of each cell in the high-capacity battery; the second tube is secured within the through-slot of the negative terminal of each cell in the high-capacity battery; and both ends of the connecting tube are connected to ports on the same side of the first and second tubes. The heat transfer tubes are in direct contact with the polarity terminals of each cell, dissipating heat promptly. This heat dissipation method achieves balanced heat dissipation across all cells in the high-capacity battery, improving the safety of the high-capacity battery.

[0045] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery also includes a pressure plate; the pressure plate includes a pressing portion and a fixing portion; the pressing portion has an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through-slot of the pole adapter to press the heat transfer tube into the through-slot; the fixing portion is arranged on both sides of the pressing portion, connected to the pole adapter of each single cell, used to achieve parallel connection of multiple single cells, and is also used to fix the pressing portion to the pole adapter. The pressure plate is connected to the polarity terminal of each single cell, enabling reliable parallel connection between the single cells. At the same time, the pressure plate cooperates with the polarity terminal to press the heat transfer tube into the through-slot of the polarity terminal, so that the heat transfer tube and the through-slot of the polarity terminal are in close contact, with almost no heat conduction gap between the two, thereby improving the heat exchange effect between the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminal.

[0046] Furthermore, an insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the large-capacity battery. The insulating sealant layer includes a first sub-insulating sealant layer and a second sub-insulating sealant layer. The first sub-insulating sealant layer has a temperature resistance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas and is disposed in the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell and the avoidance hole. The second sub-insulating sealant layer has a lower temperature resistance than the first sub-insulating sealant layer and is laid on the top plate of the housing and covers the pole adapter body, the heat transfer tube, and the pressure plate. The first sub-insulating sealant layer directly contacts the single cell pole, protecting and securing the single cell pole. Under the protection and securing of the first sub-insulating sealant layer, the single cell pole is unlikely to fall off or crack between the single cell cover and the single cell cover during thermal runaway, thereby preventing thermal runaway flue gas from leaking through the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell and the avoidance hole. In addition, the first sub-insulating sealant layer also seals the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell and the avoidance hole, further improving the sealing performance of the avoidance hole area of ​​the housing.

[0047] Furthermore, the pole adapter further comprises an electrical connection portion provided on the pole adapter body; the electrical connection portion is used to connect to an external electrical connector while preventing the insulating sealant from overflowing from a part of the injection area.

[0048] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery also includes an insulating protective cover, which includes an insulating frame and an insulating cover plate; the lower end of the insulating frame is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery to prevent the insulating sealant from overflowing from the top plate of the shell; the upper end of the insulating frame is snap-fitted with the above-mentioned insulating cover plate; a notch is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame parallel to the xz plane, and the notch cooperates with the insulating cover plate to form a slit, through which the large-capacity battery is electrically connected to an external device. The insulating frame of the insulating protective cover is used as a glue injection mold, and there is no need to demold after the glue injection is completed. At the same time, the bonding strength between the insulating frame and the top of the large-capacity battery can also be improved. At the same time, the insulating protective cover is used to provide insulation protection for the pole adapter, avoiding the potential safety hazards of the pole adapter being exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery, and also avoiding the problem of some foreign matter from the external environment falling into the position of the pole adapter and causing a short circuit in the large-capacity battery, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0049] Furthermore, the above-mentioned bracket assembly includes a supporting member and two L-shaped brackets; the supporting member is placed at the bottom of the large-capacity battery to support the large-capacity battery; the L-shaped bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, wherein the first bracket is parallel to the yz plane, and the second bracket is parallel to the xy plane, and the first brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed at both ends of the supporting member, and the second brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the side beams opposite to the battery pack support frame.

[0050] Furthermore, a channel is opened in the boss along the x-direction; the supporting member includes two supporting ribs, which are respectively inserted into the two channels to support the large-capacity battery.

[0051] Furthermore, the above-mentioned explosion-relief pipe assembly includes a first explosion-relief component and a second explosion-relief component; the first explosion-relief component includes a first hollow tube connected to the outer shell, and an explosion-relief membrane is provided inside the first hollow tube; the second explosion-relief component is a three-way pipe, and its first interface is sealedly connected to the first explosion-relief component, and the second interface and the third interface of the second explosion-relief components of two adjacent large-capacity batteries are connected by a flexible pipe section to form an explosion-relief manifold.

[0052] Furthermore, the above-mentioned first explosion relief component also includes a second hollow pipe connected to the first hollow pipe; the second hollow pipe is made of insulating material, the second explosion relief component is a flexible tee pipe, and the flexible joint of the second explosion relief component is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe.

[0053] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device, the solid treatment device, and the flue gas cooling device are placed in the equipment compartment; the ignition device is placed outside the energy storage box; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas. In the energy storage device of the present application, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the flue gas treatment unit treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage device in a variety of ways to avoid safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0054] Furthermore, the liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The 1st to M-1th liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the energy storage device of the present application, since the large-capacity battery contains a certain amount of electrolyte, the electrolyte passes through the liquid treatment device after being ejected along with the thermal runaway flue gas when the large-capacity battery thermally runs away. The liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, thereby preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into the subsequent device and affecting the subsequent device.

[0055] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device. In the energy storage device of the present application, the flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device. The ignition device controllably ignites the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device. After ignition, the thermal runaway flue gas can be directly discharged without generating hidden dangers such as combustion and explosion.

[0056] Furthermore, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution. This alkaline solution can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from further decomposing and producing combustible gases, but also treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. After the alkaline solution treatment, the gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is significantly reduced. Among them, the treatment effect of 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution on thermal runaway flue gas is particularly outstanding.

[0057] Furthermore, the first-level firefighting unit further includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The buffer device is disposed between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit and is used to buffer the thermal runaway smoke. The addition of a buffer tank at the front end of the smoke treatment unit not only buffers the thermal runaway smoke, allowing the thermal runaway smoke to enter the smoke treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, allowing the thermal runaway smoke to be fully treated by the liquid treatment device, but also allows the buffer tank to collect some of the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke, thereby reducing the use of the liquid treatment device at the rear.

[0058] Furthermore, the first-level fire protection unit also includes a safety device, comprising a safety line and a safety discharge unit. The inlet of each safety line is connected to the flue gas manifold or buffer tank, and the outlet of each safety line is connected to the external environment. The safety discharge unit is installed on the safety line, and its opening pressure is lower than that of the large-capacity battery explosion vent. This safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high, thereby avoiding the safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the flue gas manifold and improving the safety of thermal runaway flue gas treatment.

[0059] Furthermore, the above-mentioned flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The above-mentioned primary manifold is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief manifold, and the above-mentioned secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

[0060] Furthermore, the fire safety system also includes a secondary firefighting unit, which includes a firefighting device and a firefighting pipeline. The firefighting device contains a fire extinguishing agent, and the firefighting pipeline is used to transport the firefighting agent from the firefighting device to the energy storage box. If thermal runaway smoke is present in the energy storage box or a large-capacity battery burns or explodes, the secondary firefighting unit prevents the thermal runaway smoke from igniting an open flame or extinguishes a large-capacity battery that has already caught fire. The coordination of the primary and secondary firefighting units provides safety protection for the large-capacity batteries of the entire energy storage device, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0061] Furthermore, the fire safety system also includes a tertiary firefighting unit, which includes a fire sprinkler system and at least one water mist nozzle mounted on the system. The inlet of the fire sprinkler system is connected to an external fire hose. This tertiary firefighting unit can continue to extinguish fires in the event of a large fire caused by thermal runaway combustion of multiple batteries, or after the fire extinguishing agent in the secondary firefighting unit is consumed, further enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0062] Furthermore, the support frame includes three parallel mounting brackets; each mounting bracket includes a plurality of first support beams and a plurality of second support beams; each first support beam extends in the z-direction, and the plurality of first support beams are arranged in the y-direction; each second support beam extends in the y-direction, and the plurality of second support beams are arranged in the z-direction and fixed to the first support beam; two mounting brackets are positioned between two second support beams in the same xy plane to form at least two battery pack assembly mounting positions arranged in the y-direction; a battery pack assembly is fixed in each battery pack assembly mounting position; the battery pack assemblies located on either side of the middle mounting bracket are electrically connected via a first electrical connection plate. By providing three mounting brackets, a large battery pack assembly accommodating space is formed between two mounting brackets; within each large battery pack assembly accommodating space, at least two battery pack assembly mounting positions arranged in the y-direction are formed between two second support beams in the same xy plane. Given the same number of battery pack assemblies, the height of the entire energy storage device is reduced compared to energy storage devices having one or two battery pack assemblies per layer, making its storage, transportation, and use less susceptible to height restrictions in the spatial environment.

[0063] Furthermore, the battery pack support frame is a rectangular frame, and rollers are provided at the bottom of the battery pack support frame relative to the two second side beams. The rollers are placed on the second support beams and are transported to the battery pack assembly installation position by sliding installation, and are positioned by a limiting device provided on the mounting bracket.

[0064] Furthermore, the battery pack support frame comprises a U-shaped frame and a first beam detachably secured to the open end of the U-shaped frame. The first beam is an I-shaped steel section, and the explosion-proof manifold is secured within the inner space between the upper and lower flanges of the first beam. By embedding the explosion-proof manifold directly within the space between the upper and lower flanges of the first beam, the manifold eliminates the need for additional space and enables the battery pack assembly to have a higher energy density.

[0065] Furthermore, in the z-direction, two adjacent battery pack assemblies form a battery pack unit. Within each battery pack unit, the battery pack support frames of the two battery pack assemblies are connected via a vertical support assembly, and the polarity of the two battery pack assemblies on the same side is opposite. When using this battery pack unit, the upper and lower battery pack assemblies in the unit can be electrically connected by arranging them on one side, and then the entire unit can be installed in the energy storage box. This saves space on one side of the box for connecting the battery pack assemblies in series, thereby improving the energy density of the energy storage device.

[0066] Furthermore, the vertical support assembly includes a plurality of first docking tubes vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper battery pack support frame, and a plurality of second docking tubes vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower battery pack support frame. The plurality of first docking tubes and the plurality of second docking tubes correspond one-to-one and plug into each other. The plugging of the first and second docking tubes further increases the overall connection strength and stability of the battery pack support frame.

[0067] The second energy storage device provided in this application is as follows:

[0068] The energy storage device provided in the present application includes a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly; the fire safety system includes a first-level fire unit, the first-level fire unit includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke; each battery pack assembly includes an explosion venting manifold and at least one battery module; each battery module includes a shell and n battery cells; the n battery cells are arranged in the inner cavity of the shell along the y direction; each battery cell includes a second hollow member and m single cells; the m single cells are arranged along the x direction; wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; m is an integer greater than 1; the second hollow member extends along the x direction, covering the explosion venting parts of the m single cells, and the inner cavity of the second hollow member serves as a thermal runaway smoke convergence channel, connected to the explosion venting parts of the m single cells; part of the structure of the second hollow member extends out of the shell, serving as a thermal runaway smoke exhaust end; in each battery pack assembly, the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end of each battery module is connected to the explosion venting manifold, and the outlet end of the explosion venting manifold is connected to the smoke manifold of the first-level fire protection unit. The energy storage device of the present application includes a plurality of battery modules, each of which includes a shell and a plurality of battery cells; a plurality of single cells are placed in a shell, and when a single cell located in the inner cavity of the shell explodes due to thermal runaway, the splashing materials are blocked by the shell and will not pose a threat to the personal safety of people around the energy storage device; at the same time, the present application is based on a second hollow component to connect the explosion relief parts of each single cell, and when any single cell in the shell experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the explosion relief part and is discharged from the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end of the second hollow component to the shell, thereby preventing the thermal runaway smoke from diffusing into the inner cavity of the shell and affecting the remaining single cells. At the same time, the present application sets a first-level fire protection unit in the energy storage device, including a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit, and connects the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end to the smoke treatment unit through the explosion relief manifold and the smoke manifold, and the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the shell passes through the explosion relief manifold and the smoke manifold in turn into the smoke treatment unit for treatment, thereby further reducing the safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway smoke.

[0069] Furthermore, each battery cell also includes a first hollow component assembly; the inner cavity of the first hollow component assembly serves as a heat exchange medium circulation channel; the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the first hollow component assembly extend out of the outer shell; the first hollow component assembly includes a first sub-hollow component and a second sub-hollow component; the first sub-hollow component is a conductive component, connected to the polarity terminals of each single cell to achieve electrical connection of each single cell; the second sub-hollow component is an insulating component, connected between two adjacent sections of the first sub-hollow component. The present application sets a first hollow component assembly on the top of each single cell. On the one hand, the inner cavity of the first hollow component assembly serves as a heat exchange medium circulation channel, and heat exchange of the polarity terminals of each single cell is achieved based on the heat exchange medium, thereby achieving heat exchange of each single cell and the battery module; on the other hand, the first hollow component assembly can also be used as an electrical connector to achieve electrical connection of each single cell in the battery unit, making the structure of the entire battery module relatively simple.

[0070] Furthermore, hot melt connectors are fixed at both ends of the first sub-hollow component, and the hot melt connectors are connected to the second sub-hollow component by hot melting. Based on the hot melting connection method, the sealing of the connection part between the first sub-hollow component and the second sub-hollow component can be ensured.

[0071] Furthermore, a through slot is provided on the polarity terminal of each single battery, and each section of the first sub-hollow member is inserted into the through slots of the polarity terminals of two adjacent single batteries with different polarities.

[0072] Furthermore, a metal conductive and thermal conductive layer is provided between the outer tube wall of the first sub-hollow component and the polarity terminal through groove, so as to optimize the electrical and thermal conductivity between the first sub-hollow component and the polarity terminal.

[0073] Furthermore, the battery module further includes a third electrical connection plate connected to the polarity terminals of each single battery cell. The third electrical connection plate can improve the reliability of the battery module.

[0074] Furthermore, heat dissipation teeth are provided on the inner wall of the first hollow component assembly, and the heat exchange area between the first hollow component assembly and the heat exchange medium is increased based on the heat dissipation teeth, thereby optimizing the heat exchange effect.

[0075] Furthermore, the second hollow member has m second through holes, each corresponding to each of the m battery cells. The orthographic projection of each second through hole on the corresponding battery cell's upper cover completely covers the explosion vent on the upper cover. The inner cavity of the second hollow member communicates with the explosion vents of the m battery cells via the m second through holes. During assembly, the second through holes are not required to be concentric with the explosion vent, requiring less machining precision, thus minimizing the impact of machining and assembly precision on product yield.

[0076] Furthermore, multiple methods can be used to achieve the connection between the second hollow member and the upper cover plates of each single cell: The first method: The second hollow member is a separate component, including a flexible base plate and a first half-tube with a U-shaped cross-section; m second through-holes are defined in the flexible base plate; the flexible base plate is fixedly connected to the upper cover plates of each single cell; the first half-tube is buckled onto the flexible base plate and sealed therewith. The second method: The second hollow member is a separate component, including a second half-tube with a U-shaped cross-section and a second top plate for sealing the open end of the second half-tube; m second through-holes are defined in the bottom plate of the second half-tube; the edges of each second through-hole are welded to the corresponding upper cover plate of the single cell, and the second top plate is welded and sealed to the second half-tube. The third method: the second hollow component is a split component, including a second half tube with a U-shaped cross-section and a second top plate for sealing the open end of the top of the second half tube; m second through holes are opened on the bottom plate of the second half tube; each single cell upper cover plate is provided with an explosion-proof branch pipe, and the orthographic projection of the explosion-proof branch pipe on the upper cover plate completely covers the explosion-proof part on the upper cover plate; the free end of the explosion-proof branch pipe passes through the corresponding second through hole on the bottom plate of the second half tube and extends into the inner cavity of the second half tube; the wall of the explosion-proof branch pipe and the wall of the second through hole are welded and sealed; the second top plate and the second half tube are welded and sealed.

[0077] Furthermore, insulating separators are installed between adjacent cells. This provides insulation between the cells and improves the safety of the battery module. Furthermore, when a cell swells and deforms, the separator is squeezed by the cell and elastically deforms. This elastic deformation provides space for the cell to expand, preventing the cell's expansion from squeezing the outer shell, thus avoiding deformation and leakage caused by squeezing. This improves the performance and safety of the battery module. Furthermore, the heat generated by each cell during charging and discharging can be transferred to the outside through the separator, reducing the risk of thermal runaway.

[0078] Furthermore, the shell is made of metal and has good protective performance. When the shell is made of metal, insulation is required between the shell and each single battery. In this application, an insulating plate is set between n battery cells and the shell to achieve insulation.

[0079] Furthermore, an insulating sealant layer can be laid between each cell and the outer shell. This can prevent condensation and battery short circuits, further improve the sealing performance of various parts of the heat exchange device, and further improve the insulation performance between the cells and between the cells and the outer shell.

[0080] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas. The flue gas treatment unit of the energy storage device of the present application treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage device in a variety of ways to avoid safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0081] Furthermore, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, and the 1st to M-1th liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the energy storage device of the present application, since there is a certain amount of electrolyte in the above-mentioned battery module, the electrolyte passes through the liquid treatment device after being ejected along with the thermal runaway flue gas when the battery module thermally runs away, and the liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, thereby preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into the subsequent device and affecting the subsequent device.

[0082] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit further includes an ignition device connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and configured to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment by the liquid treatment device. In the energy storage device of the present application, the ignition device controllably ignites the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment by the liquid treatment device. The ignited thermal runaway flue gas can then be directly discharged without creating potential risks such as combustion or explosion.

[0083] Furthermore, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution. This alkaline solution can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from further decomposing and producing combustible gases, but also treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. After the alkaline solution treatment, the gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is significantly reduced. Among them, the treatment effect of 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution on thermal runaway flue gas is particularly outstanding.

[0084] Furthermore, the first-level firefighting unit further includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The buffer device is disposed between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit and is used to buffer the thermal runaway smoke. The addition of a buffer tank at the front end of the smoke treatment unit not only buffers the thermal runaway smoke, allowing the thermal runaway smoke to enter the smoke treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, allowing the thermal runaway smoke to be fully treated by the liquid treatment device, but also allows the buffer tank to collect some of the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke, thereby reducing the use of the liquid treatment device at the rear.

[0085] Furthermore, the first-level fire protection unit also includes a safety device, comprising a safety pipeline and a safety discharge unit. The inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold or buffer tank, and the outlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the external environment. The safety discharge unit is installed on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is lower than the opening pressure of the explosion vent. This safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high, thereby avoiding the safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the flue gas manifold and improving the safety of thermal runaway flue gas treatment.

[0086] Furthermore, the above-mentioned flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The above-mentioned primary manifold is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief manifold, and the above-mentioned secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

[0087] Furthermore, the fire safety system also includes a secondary firefighting unit, which includes a firefighting device and a firefighting pipeline. The firefighting device contains a fire extinguishing agent, and the firefighting pipeline is used to transport the firefighting agent in the firefighting device to the energy storage device housing. When thermal runaway smoke is present in the energy storage device housing or the battery module is burning or exploding, the secondary firefighting unit prevents the thermal runaway smoke from igniting an open flame or extinguishes any existing fire in the battery module. The coordination of the primary and secondary firefighting units provides safety protection for the battery modules of the entire energy storage device, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0088] Furthermore, the fire safety system also includes a tertiary firefighting unit, which includes a fire sprinkler system and at least one water mist nozzle mounted on the system. The inlet of the fire sprinkler system is connected to an external fire hose. This tertiary firefighting unit can continue to extinguish fires in the event of a large fire caused by thermal runaway combustion of multiple batteries, or after the fire extinguishing agent in the secondary firefighting unit is consumed, further enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0089] The third energy storage device provided in this application is as follows:

[0090] An energy storage device includes a fire safety system and at least one large-capacity battery assembly; the fire safety system includes a first-level fire unit, the first-level fire unit includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment system; the large-capacity battery assembly includes a large-capacity battery and a liquid cooling device, the large-capacity battery includes a plurality of single cells arranged in sequence along the x direction; the liquid cooling device includes a liquid cooling plate and a plurality of heat conducting members; the liquid cooling plate has a liquid cooling channel for a heat transfer medium to pass through and a smoke pretreatment channel for thermal runaway smoke to pass through; the liquid cooling channel and the smoke pretreatment channel are isolated from each other; at the same time, the liquid cooling plate is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connected to the liquid cooling channel and a smoke pretreatment channel connected to the smoke pretreatment channel a smoke outlet and at least one smoke inlet connected to the liquid cooling channel; the liquid cooling plate is provided with two groups of through holes arranged in sequence along the x direction and passing through the liquid cooling channel in the z direction, a plurality of heat conductive members are embedded in the through holes in a one-to-one correspondence, and each heat conductive member is provided with a heat conductive hole through which the polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery passes; the liquid cooling plate is arranged on top of the large-capacity battery, the polarity terminal of each single battery passes through the heat conductive hole of the heat conductive member, and the liquid cooling plate is insulated from the polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery; the smoke inlet of the liquid cooling plate is connected to the explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery, and the smoke outlet of each liquid cooling plate is connected to the smoke manifold, which transports the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each liquid cooling plate to the smoke treatment system for treatment.

[0091] Furthermore, the explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery includes explosion relief branches respectively provided on each single cell, and each explosion relief branch covers the explosion relief part of each single cell; the liquid cooling plate includes a cover plate and a U-shaped shell, and the cover plate is provided at the open end of the U-shaped shell, and the bottom plate of the U-shaped shell is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets arranged in sequence along the x direction and connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel; the explosion relief branch of each single cell is connected to the smoke inlet on the liquid cooling plate in a one-to-one correspondence, and the thermal runaway flue gas when any single cell thermally runs away opens the explosion relief part, and the thermal runaway flue gas enters the flue gas pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate through the explosion relief branch, and the thermal runaway flue gas is pretreated in the flue gas pretreatment channel and then discharged through the smoke outlet.

[0092] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery also includes a shell, and multiple single cells are arranged in the same direction in the shell; a shared chamber is provided in the shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the liquid cooling plate is arranged on the top plate of the shell, and the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes and pass through the heat conduction holes of the heat conductive member; the top plate area of ​​the shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed to the top of the single cell shell.

[0093] Furthermore, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell; the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each single cell, or the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion-proof membrane of each single cell. When the explosion-proof membrane of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and the gas channel of the single cell are connected.

[0094] Furthermore, the top plate of the shell is paved with an insulating sealant layer, the liquid cooling plate is located in the insulating sealant layer, the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the liquid cooling channel, and the smoke inlet and smoke outlet of the flue gas pretreatment channel extend out of the insulating sealant layer, and the top of the shell is provided with an insulating protective cover, and the polarity terminals of each single cell and the liquid cooling plate are located in the insulating protective cover.

[0095] Furthermore, the explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery is arranged on the shell, including a pressure relief pipe and a pressure relief part. The pressure relief pipe is connected to the shared chamber in the shell, and the pressure relief part is arranged in the explosion relief port of the shell or on the pressure relief pipe; a U-shaped partition is provided in the liquid cooling plate, and the cavity between the U-shaped partition and the side wall of the liquid cooling plate is a U-shaped liquid cooling channel, and the inner cavity of the U-shaped partition is a flue gas pretreatment channel; a flue gas duct is connected to the smoke inlet, one end of the flue gas duct passes through the liquid cooling channel and is connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel, and the other end of the flue gas duct is connected to the pressure relief pipe.

[0096] Furthermore, the liquid inlet, liquid outlet and smoke outlet are located on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate. At the same time, the liquid cooling channel connected to the liquid inlet exchanges heat with the positive terminal of the large-capacity battery, and the liquid cooling channel connected to the liquid outlet exchanges heat with the negative terminal of the large-capacity battery.

[0097] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment system includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0098] Furthermore, the liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0099] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment system includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0100] Furthermore, the first-level fire protection unit also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the smoke manifold, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion relief mechanism.

[0101] Furthermore, the fire safety system also includes a secondary fire unit, which includes a fire device and a fire pipeline; the fire device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device to the box of the energy storage device.

[0102] Furthermore, the fire safety system also includes a three-level fire unit, which includes a fire water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire water sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire water pipe.

[0103] The fourth energy storage device provided in this application is as follows:

[0104] An energy storage device comprises an energy storage box, a fire safety system and a plurality of large-capacity batteries; the plurality of large-capacity batteries are arranged in the energy storage box, the large-capacity batteries comprising an outer shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the same direction within the outer shell; the outer shell is provided with a shared chamber, the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all the single cells; avoidance holes are provided on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the area of ​​the outer shell top plate corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed to the shell of the single cell; a sensor unit is provided in the energy storage box, the sensor unit comprising at least one temperature sensor and at least one smoke sensor; the fire safety system comprises a secondary fire fighting unit, the secondary fire fighting unit comprising a fire fighting device, the fire fighting device comprising a fire fighting medium, and when any large-capacity battery thermally runs away, the fire fighting medium in the fire fighting device is sprayed into the energy storage box.

[0105] Furthermore, the secondary fire fighting unit also includes a primary fire fighting pipeline and a plurality of fire fighting nozzles arranged on the primary fire fighting pipeline. The fire fighting medium in the fire fighting device is sprayed into the energy storage box through the primary fire fighting pipeline and the fire fighting nozzles.

[0106] Furthermore, a battery compartment and an equipment compartment are provided in the energy storage box, the first-level fire-fighting pipeline and the large-capacity battery are located in the battery compartment, and the fire-fighting device is arranged in the equipment compartment.

[0107] Furthermore, the secondary fire-fighting unit also includes a secondary fire-fighting pipeline arranged in the energy storage box, the secondary fire-fighting pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire-fighting water pipe, and at least one water mist nozzle is provided on the secondary fire-fighting pipeline, and the water mist nozzle is arranged on the top of the energy storage box.

[0108] Furthermore, the energy storage box is provided with a pressure relief device, which is opened when the gas pressure in the energy storage box exceeds a threshold value to relieve the pressure of the gas in the energy storage box.

[0109] Furthermore, the energy storage box is provided with an alarm device, and when a detection value of a temperature sensor or a smoke sensor exceeds a threshold value, the alarm device sends out a warning signal.

[0110] Furthermore, the sensor unit also includes a combustible gas sensor. An air intake device and an exhaust device are respectively provided on two opposite side panels of the energy storage box. When the combustible gas sensor detects that the combustible gas concentration in the energy storage box exceeds a threshold, the air intake device and the exhaust device are opened at the same time to ventilate the energy storage equipment.

[0111] Furthermore, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell; the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each single cell, or the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion-proof membrane of each single cell. When the explosion-proof membrane of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and the gas channel of the single cell are connected.

[0112] Furthermore, each large-capacity battery is fixed to a support frame through a bracket, and the support frame carrying multiple large-capacity batteries is placed on a battery rack in the energy storage box; the support frame is a rectangular frame, mainly composed of four crossbeams, one of which is provided with multiple through holes; an explosion-proof assembly is connected to the explosion-proof opening of the shell of the large-capacity battery, and the explosion-proof assembly includes an explosion-proof pipe and an explosion-proof part, and the electrolyte sharing chamber and gas sharing chamber of the large-capacity batteries are both connected to one end of the explosion-proof pipe, and the other end of the explosion-proof pipe passes through the through hole on the crossbeam, and the explosion-proof part is provided on the explosion-proof opening of the large-capacity battery or on the explosion-proof pipe.

[0113] Compared with the existing technology, the technical solution of this application has the following advantages:

[0114] 1. The fire safety system of the present application includes a first-level fire unit and a second-level fire unit. The first-level fire unit can draw out the thermal runaway smoke of the thermal runaway battery and then process it to prevent the thermal runaway smoke from accumulating in the battery casing. At the same time, after the thermal runaway smoke is drawn out and processed, it can prevent the thermal runaway of other batteries from occurring due to heat diffusion when individual batteries are in thermal runaway. When there is thermal runaway smoke in the energy storage box or the battery burns or explodes, the second-level fire unit prevents the thermal runaway smoke from causing an open flame or extinguishes the battery that has already caught fire. The first-level fire unit and the second-level fire unit cooperate to provide safety protection for the batteries of the entire energy storage device, thereby improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0115] 2. The fire safety system of the present application also includes a three-level fire protection unit, which includes a fire water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water sprinkler pipeline. The fire water sprinkler pipeline can continue to extinguish the batteries when multiple batteries thermally run away and the open flames are large, or after the fire extinguishing material in the second-level fire protection unit is consumed, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0116] 3. In the fire safety system of the present application, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is provided on the fire pipeline. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is provided on the top of the energy storage box. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is used to spray the fire extinguishing material to ensure that the fire extinguishing material can cover all burning or exploding batteries.

[0117] 4. In the fire safety system of the present application, at least two sensors are installed in the energy storage box. Multiple sensors monitor the environment inside the energy storage box in real time and activate the secondary fire fighting unit according to the monitoring data to ensure that corresponding processing can be carried out in time.

[0118] 5. In the fire safety system of the present application, a battery compartment and a fire fighting compartment are provided in the energy storage box, and the battery, fire fighting device and ignition device are placed in separate areas, which can maintain the aesthetics of the entire energy storage equipment while also providing safety protection for the fire fighting device and ignition device.

[0119] 6. The fire safety system of the present application also includes a second smoke treatment device arranged between the smoke manifold and the first smoke treatment device. The second smoke treatment device can perform certain treatment on the thermal runaway smoke, so that the amount of thermal runaway smoke processed by the subsequent ignition device is smaller, ensuring that the thermal runaway smoke can be fully treated.

[0120] 7. A safety device is added to the fire safety system of the present application. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke manifold is too high, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway smoke through the safety device to avoid the safety hazards caused by the excessive pressure of the smoke manifold, thereby improving the safety of handling the thermal runaway smoke.

[0121] 8. In the fire safety system of the present application, the burner of the ignition device is a combination of a combustion shell and a porous structure. Compared with the structure ignited at the pipeline port, when the burner of this structure treats the thermal runaway flue gas, since the combustion is carried out on the surface of the porous structure, the porous structure makes the generated flame more evenly distributed during combustion, so the fire is relatively gentle, which reduces the possibility of danger and improves the safety of the entire energy storage equipment.

[0122] 9. In the energy storage device of the present application, an exhaust window is provided on the energy storage box. The exhaust window is opened under normal circumstances to dissipate heat for the battery to improve its safety. It is closed when the secondary fire-fighting unit is working to ensure the treatment effect of the secondary fire-fighting unit.

[0123] 10. The centralized fire safety system provided in the present application includes a smoke pretreatment unit, a smoke delivery unit, and a smoke treatment unit. Each smoke pretreatment unit is provided on each energy storage device, and is used to pretreat the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module in the energy storage device. The volume of the thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced after pretreatment by the smoke pretreatment unit. The smoke delivery unit is used to centrally deliver the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each smoke pretreatment unit to a smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit centrally reprocesses the thermal runaway smoke delivered by the smoke delivery unit. The smoke treatment unit centrally processes the thermal runaway smoke generated by multiple energy storage devices in the energy storage system. Compared with the separate provision of a smoke treatment unit in each energy storage device, the provision of multiple energy storage devices sharing one smoke treatment unit can not only improve the safety of the energy storage device during use, but also significantly reduce the cost of the energy storage system. The above-mentioned flue gas pretreatment unit pretreats the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby significantly reducing the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit, avoiding the problem that the flue gas treatment unit is unable to promptly process a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas when thermal runaway occurs in multiple energy storage devices at the same time, and improving the treatment effect of the flue gas treatment unit on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0124] 11. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, the flue gas pretreatment unit includes a flue gas manifold and a first-level fire fighting unit. The first-level fire fighting unit includes at least one of a flue gas cooling device and an adsorption filtration device. The first-level fire fighting unit pre-treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage equipment in a variety of ways to reduce the content of combustibles (electrolyte, combustible gas and combustible impurities) in the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby reducing the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit, thereby reducing the subsequent treatment cost of the thermal runaway flue gas, and also improving the treatment effect of the flue gas treatment unit on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0125] 12. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, the liquid pretreatment device effectively treats the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid pretreatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, thereby preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into subsequent devices and affecting the subsequent devices and pipelines.

[0126] 13. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, the flue gas pretreatment unit also includes a safety device, which can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high, so as to avoid the thermal runaway flue gas from opening the explosion relief mechanism of other battery modules that have not experienced thermal runaway in reverse, or damaging the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold when the pressure of the flue gas manifold is too high, thereby improving the safety of thermal runaway flue gas treatment.

[0127] 14. In the centralized fire safety system of this application, the flue gas pretreatment unit also includes a secondary fire protection unit. If thermal runaway flue gas is present in the energy storage device's energy storage box or the battery module is burning or exploding, the secondary fire protection unit prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from igniting an open flame or extinguishes any existing fire in the battery module. The collaboration between the flue gas pretreatment unit and the secondary fire protection unit provides safety protection for the battery modules of the entire energy storage device, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0128] 15. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, the smoke pretreatment unit also includes a three-level fire protection unit. The three-level fire protection unit can continue to extinguish the battery modules when multiple battery modules are burning in a thermal runaway state with a large open flame, or after the fire extinguishing materials in the second-level fire protection unit are consumed, thereby further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0129] 16. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, a first one-way valve is provided on the smoke branch pipe to allow the thermal runaway smoke to flow in one direction. The first one-way valve can prevent the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke main pipe from entering the energy storage device that has not experienced thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0130] 17. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, a suction device is provided on the smoke branch pipe, which actively draws the thermal runaway smoke in the energy storage device to the smoke main pipe in a timely manner, thereby preventing the thermal runaway smoke in the energy storage device from affecting the battery modules that have not experienced thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0131] 18. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, the smoke treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a gas generating device, a smoke exhaust device or an ignition device. The smoke treatment unit treats the thermal runaway smoke generated by the energy storage equipment in a variety of ways to avoid the safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway smoke and improve the safety of the entire energy storage system.

[0132] 19. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, the smoke treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device. The ignition device controls the ignition of the thermal runaway smoke after treatment by the liquid treatment device. The thermal runaway smoke after ignition can be directly discharged without causing hidden dangers such as combustion and explosion.

[0133] 20. In the centralized fire safety system of the present application, the smoke treatment unit is arranged in an empty energy storage box. The energy storage box can provide safety protection for the smoke treatment unit and increase its service life. At the same time, this setting makes the entire energy storage system easy to standardize and modularize, facilitates on-site management and maintenance, and is also aesthetically pleasing.

[0134] 21. The energy storage device of the present application includes a plurality of battery modules, each of which includes a shell and a plurality of battery cells; a plurality of single cells are placed in a shell, and when a single cell located in the inner cavity of the shell explodes due to thermal runaway, the splashing materials are blocked by the shell and will not pose a threat to the personal safety of people around the energy storage device; at the same time, the present application uses a second hollow component to connect the explosion relief parts of each single cell, and when any single cell in the shell experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the explosion relief part and is discharged from the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end of the second hollow component out of the shell, thereby preventing the thermal runaway smoke from diffusing into the inner cavity of the shell and affecting the remaining single cells. At the same time, the present application sets a first-level fire protection unit in the energy storage device, including a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit, and connects the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end to the smoke treatment unit through the explosion relief manifold and the smoke manifold, and the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the shell passes through the explosion relief manifold and the smoke manifold in turn into the smoke treatment unit for treatment, thereby further reducing the safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway smoke.

[0135] 22. The energy storage device of the present application is provided with a liquid cooling device on the top of each large capacity battery, and each liquid cooling device is connected to the flue gas treatment system through a flue gas manifold. The liquid cooling plate of the liquid cooling device has independent liquid cooling channels and flue gas pretreatment channels. The liquid cooling channel contains a heat transfer medium. When the large capacity battery is working normally, the temperature of the large capacity battery is controlled to reduce the probability of thermal runaway of the large capacity battery, thereby avoiding the safety hazards caused by thermal runaway of the large capacity battery. When thermal runaway occurs in a large capacity battery, the flue gas pretreatment channel in the liquid cooling plate pre-treats the thermal runaway flue gas. The thermal runaway flue gas pre-treated by the liquid cooling plate is transported to the flue gas treatment system through the flue gas manifold. The flue gas treatment system treats the pre-treated thermal runaway flue gas so that the discharged thermal runaway flue gas will not cause safety hazards, thereby improving the safety of the large capacity battery during use. Under the joint action of the above-mentioned liquid cooling device and flue gas treatment system, the safety hazards caused by thermal runaway of the large capacity battery are avoided, and the safety of the energy storage device is improved. When thermal runaway flue gas from large-capacity batteries is pre-treated in the flue gas pre-treatment channel of the liquid cooling plate, the flue gas pre-treatment channel buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, allowing it to be discharged at a relatively stable flow rate. While buffering, the heat transfer medium within the liquid cooling channel can also be used to cool the gas within the flue gas pre-treatment channel. The high-temperature thermal runaway flue gas is cooled within the flue gas pre-treatment channel, thereby removing its high-temperature properties. This prevents damage to subsequent pipes, connectors, and other related components after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway. Furthermore, as the thermal runaway flue gas flows within the flue gas pre-treatment channel, the vaporized electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is cooled and liquefied, and the high-temperature molten impurities are cooled into solid impurities. The flue gas pre-treatment channel collects the cooled electrolyte and solid impurities, ensuring that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the liquid cooling plate does not pose a risk of blockage or other potential problems in subsequent pipes, facilitating the subsequent transportation and treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0136] 23. In the energy storage device of the present application, the explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery includes explosion relief branches respectively arranged on each single battery. The explosion relief mechanism of this structure is suitable for the structure of the large-capacity battery as an existing battery module. The liquid cooling plate is arranged on the top of each single battery. When the large-capacity battery is working normally, the liquid cooling plate controls the temperature of the large-capacity battery. When the large-capacity battery has thermal runaway, the flue gas pretreatment channel and the flue gas treatment system treat the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the large-capacity battery, thereby avoiding the safety hazards caused by thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery.

[0137] 24. In the energy storage device of the present application, the large-capacity battery also includes a shell, and a liquid cooling plate is arranged on the top plate of the shell. The bottom of the liquid cooling plate exchanges heat with the top plate of the large-capacity battery shell, and the heat conductive part of the liquid cooling plate exchanges heat with the polarity terminals of the large-capacity battery. This heat exchange method effectively controls the temperature at different positions of the entire large-capacity battery, avoids performance and safety problems caused by excessively high or low temperature of the large-capacity battery, and improves the performance and safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0138] 25. In the energy storage device of this application, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. By connecting the electrolyte shared chamber with the electrolyte zone of each cell within the housing, the electrolyte of each cell is shared, ensuring the consistency of each cell, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent. By connecting the gas shared chamber with the gas zone of each cell within the housing, the gas balance of each cell is achieved, improving the consistency between each cell, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0139] 26. In the energy storage device of the present application, the top plate of the large-capacity battery housing is covered with an insulating sealant layer. When condensation occurs on the surface of the liquid cooling plate, the insulating sealant layer prevents the condensation from penetrating the gap between the polarity terminal and the avoidance hole, thereby preventing the large-capacity battery from short-circuiting. In addition, the large-capacity battery uses an insulating protective cover to provide insulation protection for the polarity terminal and the liquid cooling plate, avoiding the potential safety hazards of the polarity terminal being exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery, and also avoiding the problem of some foreign matter from the external environment falling into the polarity terminal position and causing the large-capacity battery to short-circuit, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0140] 27. In the energy storage device of the present application, a U-shaped partition is provided in the liquid cooling plate so that the liquid cooling channel is a U-shaped liquid cooling channel, and the flue gas pretreatment channel is located between the U-shaped liquid cooling channels, so that when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas pretreatment channel, the thermal runaway flue gas and the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling channel have a sufficiently large heat exchange area, thereby improving the cooling effect of the liquid cooling plate on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0141] 28. In the energy storage device of the present application, the liquid inlet, liquid outlet and smoke outlet of the liquid cooling plate are located on the same side of the liquid cooling plate, which facilitates the connection of the liquid cooling plate on the top of the large-capacity battery with the external pipeline, thereby improving the pipeline connectivity and the compactness of the pipeline layout. At the same time, the liquid cooling channel on the liquid cooling plate connected to the liquid inlet exchanges heat with the positive polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery, and the liquid cooling channel connected to the liquid outlet exchanges heat with the negative polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery. When the large-capacity battery is working, the temperature of the positive polarity terminal is higher than the temperature of the negative polarity terminal. This setting enables the heat transfer medium in the liquid cooling plate to first exchange heat with the positive polarity terminal with a higher temperature, and then exchange heat with the negative polarity terminal, so that the temperature of the positive polarity terminal and the negative polarity terminal are relatively balanced, thereby improving the reliability of the large-capacity battery during operation.

[0142] 29. In the energy storage device of the present application, the flue gas treatment system includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the flue gas treatment system treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage device in a variety of ways to avoid safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0143] 30. In the energy storage device of the present application, the liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, thereby preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into subsequent devices and affecting the subsequent devices.

[0144] 31. In the energy storage device of the present application, the flue gas treatment system includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device. The ignition device controls the ignition of the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas after ignition can be directly discharged without causing hidden dangers such as combustion and explosion.

[0145] 31. In the energy storage device of the present application, the first-level fire protection unit also includes a safety device. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device to avoid the safety hazards caused by the excessive pressure of the flue gas manifold, thereby improving the safety of handling the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0146] 32. In the energy storage device of this application, the fire safety system also includes a secondary firefighting unit. If thermal runaway smoke is present in the energy storage device's enclosure or if a large-capacity battery burns or explodes, the secondary firefighting unit prevents the smoke from igniting an open flame or extinguishes any large-capacity battery fire that has already occurred. The coordination of the primary and secondary firefighting units provides safety protection for the large-capacity batteries of the entire energy storage device, further enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0147] 33. In the energy storage device of the present application, the fire safety system also includes a three-level fire protection unit. The three-level fire protection unit can continue to extinguish the large-capacity batteries when multiple large-capacity batteries thermally run away and the open flames are large, or after the fire extinguishing materials in the second-level fire protection unit are consumed, thereby further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0148] 34. In the energy storage device of the present application, a large-capacity battery places multiple single cells in a shell with a shared cavity. The shared cavity is connected to the inner cavity of each single cell in the shell, which reduces the differences between the single cells and improves the consistency between the single cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent. When the above-mentioned large-capacity battery has thermal runaway, the fire safety system in the energy storage box is activated, and the fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting device is sprayed into the energy storage box to prevent the thermal runaway smoke discharged by the large-capacity battery from causing an open flame, or to extinguish the large-capacity battery that has already caught fire, thereby preventing heat diffusion and the spread of thermal runaway, avoiding the situation where other batteries or even the entire energy storage device are out of control and explode due to heat diffusion when individual large-capacity batteries have thermal runaway, and improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0149] 35. In the energy storage device of the present application, at least one fire nozzle is provided on the primary fire pipeline, and the fire medium is sprayed through the fire nozzle to ensure that the fire medium can cover all burning or exploding large-capacity batteries, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0150] 36. In the energy storage device of the present application, a battery compartment and an equipment compartment are provided in the energy storage box to partition the large-capacity batteries and fire-fighting equipment. When a fire occurs in the battery compartment, the equipment compartment can provide safety protection for the fire-fighting equipment so that the fire-fighting equipment can continue to work safely and reliably. At the same time, placing the large-capacity batteries and fire-fighting equipment in partitions also facilitates their separate assembly.

[0151] 37. In the energy storage device of this application, the secondary fire protection unit also includes a secondary fire protection pipeline disposed within the energy storage device, which is configured to connect to an external fire protection water pipe. This secondary fire protection pipeline introduces external fire protection water into the energy storage device, cooling and extinguishing large-capacity batteries experiencing thermal runaway within the energy storage device, significantly improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0152] 38. In the energy storage device of the present application, a pressure relief device is provided on the energy storage box. When the fire safety system is activated, a large amount of fire-fighting medium is sprayed out of the battery compartment and the pressure in the energy storage box is relatively high, the pressure relief device is opened to relieve the pressure of the gas in the energy storage box, thereby avoiding the dangerous accumulation of fire-fighting medium in a confined space.

[0153] 39. In the energy storage device of the present application, an alarm device is provided on the energy storage box. When a detection value of the temperature sensor or the smoke sensor exceeds the threshold, the alarm device sends out an early warning signal, which produces a warning effect, so that the staff can deal with the thermal runaway battery in time and accurately locate the energy storage device that has experienced thermal runaway.

[0154] 40. In the energy storage device of the present application, an air intake device and an air exhaust device are provided on the energy storage box. The air intake device and the air exhaust device cooperate with each other to ventilate the energy storage box when the concentration of combustible gas in the energy storage box exceeds a threshold value, so as to avoid combustion or explosion in the energy storage box.

[0155] 41. In the energy storage device of the present application, the shared chamber of the large-capacity battery includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber communicates with the electrolyte region of each single cell, and the gas shared chamber communicates with the gas region of each single cell. By connecting the electrolyte shared chamber with the electrolyte region of each single cell within the housing, and by connecting the gas shared chamber with the gas region of each single cell within the housing, gas balance is achieved, reducing differences between the single cells and improving consistency between the single cells to a certain extent, thereby partially improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery.

[0156] 42. In the energy storage device of the present application, an explosion relief assembly is provided on the outer shell of the large-capacity battery, and the explosion relief pipe passes through the crossbeam of the support frame. The crossbeam isolates the thermal runaway flue gas from the large-capacity battery, preventing the thermal runaway flue gas from affecting the large-capacity battery that has not experienced thermal runaway, further preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and improving the safety of the energy storage device during use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0157] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fire safety system in Example 1 (the top of the energy storage box is omitted);

[0158] FIG2 is a partial schematic diagram of the fire safety system in Example 1 (the energy storage box omits the top cover);

[0159] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the ignition device in Example 1;

[0160] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary fire fighting unit in Example 1;

[0161] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-level fire fighting unit in Example 2;

[0162] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the coordination between the centralized fire safety system and the energy storage system in Example 4;

[0163] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas pretreatment unit in an energy storage device in Example 4;

[0164] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a primary manifold and a row of battery modules in Example 4;

[0165] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas pretreatment unit in Example 4;

[0166] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid pretreatment device in Example 4;

[0167] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas treatment unit in Example 4;

[0168] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the solid pretreatment device and the flue gas cooling device in Example 5;

[0169] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of the smoke filtration device in Example 5;

[0170] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of the adsorption shell in the flue gas filtration device in Example 5;

[0171] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of adsorption plates arranged sequentially in the smoke filtration device of Example 5;

[0172] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas treatment unit including a liquid treatment device and a gas generating device in Example 6;

[0173] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas generating device in Example 6;

[0174] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas treatment unit including a flue gas exhaust device in Example 6;

[0175] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas treatment unit including a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, and an ignition device in Example 6;

[0176] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas pretreatment unit in Example 8;

[0177] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary fire fighting unit and a tertiary fire fighting unit in Example 8;

[0178] Figure 22 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module in Example 9;

[0179] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device in Example 10;

[0180] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the energy storage device in Example 10;

[0181] FIG25 is a first structural diagram of a battery pack assembly in Example 10;

[0182] FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack support frame in Example 10;

[0183] FIG27 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery pack support frame in Example 10;

[0184] FIG28 is a second exploded schematic diagram of the battery pack support frame in Example 10;

[0185] Figure 29 is a schematic structural diagram of the third beam of the battery pack support frame in Example 10;

[0186] Figure 30 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery assembly in Example 10;

[0187] FIG31 is a first structural diagram of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0188] FIG32 is a cross-sectional view of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0189] FIG33 is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a large-capacity battery housing in Example 10;

[0190] Figure 34 is a schematic structural diagram of the barrel assembly in Example 10;

[0191] FIG35 is a structural diagram of the end plate assembly in Example 10;

[0192] FIG36 is a second structural diagram of the end plate assembly in Example 10;

[0193] FIG37 is a third structural diagram of the end plate assembly in Example 10;

[0194] FIG38 is a schematic structural diagram of an end plate assembly in which a third end plate is added in Example 10;

[0195] FIG39 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing connector in Example 10;

[0196] FIG40 is a structural diagram of a sealing connector provided with a bottom plate in Example 10;

[0197] FIG41 is a second structural diagram of a sealing connector provided with a bottom plate in Example 10;

[0198] FIG42 is a schematic structural diagram of another sealing connector in Example 10;

[0199] FIG43 is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion of a large-capacity battery according to Example 10;

[0200] FIG44 is a schematic structural diagram of the third type of sealing connector in Example 10;

[0201] FIG45 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole adapter in Example 10;

[0202] FIG46 is a cross-sectional view of the pole adapter in Example 10;

[0203] FIG47 is a second structural diagram of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0204] FIG48 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0205] FIG49 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery in Example 10 (with a pressure plate);

[0206] Figure 50 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure plate in Example 10;

[0207] FIG51 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery assembly in Example 10 (with an insulating protective cover);

[0208] FIG52 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0209] FIG53 is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating frame in Example 10;

[0210] FIG54 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0211] FIG55 is a third structural diagram of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0212] FIG56 is a second schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0213] FIG57 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack assembly constructed based on a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0214] FIG58 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack assembly constructed based on a large-capacity battery in Example 10;

[0215] FIG59 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a large-capacity battery having a second hollow tube in Example 10;

[0216] Figure 60 is a schematic structural diagram of the bracket assembly in Example 10;

[0217] FIG61 is an exploded schematic diagram of the bracket assembly in Example 10;

[0218] FIG62 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the bracket assembly in Example 10;

[0219] FIG63 is a schematic structural diagram of another bracket assembly in Example 10;

[0220] FIG64 is a schematic structural diagram of the third type of bracket assembly in Example 10;

[0221] FIG65 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery with a third type of bracket assembly in Example 10;

[0222] FIG66 is a second structural diagram of the battery pack assembly in Example 10;

[0223] FIG67 is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of the battery pack assembly in Example 10;

[0224] Figure 68 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the energy storage box in Example 11;

[0225] Figure 69 is a second schematic diagram of the partial structure of the energy storage box in Example 11;

[0226] Figure 70 is a schematic structural diagram of the support frame in Example 11;

[0227] FIG71 is a schematic structural diagram of the side mounting bracket in Example 11;

[0228] FIG72 is a schematic structural diagram of the intermediate mounting bracket in Example 11;

[0229] FIG73 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-finished energy storage device in Example 12;

[0230] FIG74 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack assembly unit in Example 12;

[0231] FIG75 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery pack assembly unit in Example 12;

[0232] FIG76 is a schematic diagram of the structure of each battery cluster in the semi-finished energy storage device in Example 12;

[0233] FIG77 is a schematic structural diagram of the fire safety system in Example 13;

[0234] FIG78 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-level fire fighting unit in Example 13;

[0235] Figure 79 is an enlarged view of area a in Figure 24;

[0236] Figure 80 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid treatment device in Example 13;

[0237] FIG81 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid treatment tank in Example 13;

[0238] FIG82 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas treatment unit including a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, and an ignition unit in Example 13;

[0239] FIG83 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas treatment unit including a buffer tank, a liquid treatment device, and an ignition unit in Example 13;

[0240] FIG84 is a schematic diagram of the structures of the secondary fire fighting unit and the tertiary fire fighting unit in Example 13;

[0241] FIG85 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the energy storage device in Example 14;

[0242] Figure 86 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device in Example 15;

[0243] Figure 87 is a schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly structure in Example 15;

[0244] FIG88 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module in Example 15;

[0245] FIG89 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery module in Example 15;

[0246] FIG90 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 15;

[0247] FIG91 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery unit in Example 15;

[0248] FIG92 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a battery cell in Example 15;

[0249] FIG93 is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion structure of the first hollow member assembly in Example 15;

[0250] FIG94 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a single cell in Example 15;

[0251] FIG95 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of another battery cell in Example 15;

[0252] FIG96 is a second schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a battery cell in Example 15;

[0253] FIG97 is a third schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a battery cell in Example 15;

[0254] FIG98 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery unit in Example 16;

[0255] FIG99 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery unit in Example 17;

[0256] FIG100 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell in Example 18;

[0257] FIG101 is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device in Example 20;

[0258] FIG102 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery in Example 20;

[0259] FIG103 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid cooling plate in Example 20

[0260] FIG104 is an exploded view of the liquid cooling plate in Example 20;

[0261] FIG105 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid cooling plate (with two partitions) in Example 20;

[0262] FIG106 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid cooling plate (with a U-shaped partition) in Example 20;

[0263] FIG107 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate in Example 20;

[0264] FIG108 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid cooling plate (with avoidance grooves) in Example 20;

[0265] FIG109 is a schematic diagram of the coordination between the liquid cooling plate and the large-capacity battery in Example 20;

[0266] FIG110 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a large-capacity battery and a liquid cooling plate in Example 20;

[0267] FIG111 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the liquid cooling device and the explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery in Example 20;

[0268] FIG112 is a second schematic diagram of the connection between the liquid cooling device and the explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery in Example 20;

[0269] FIG113 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery (with an insulating sealant layer) in Example 20;

[0270] FIG114 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery (with an insulating protective cover) in Example 20;

[0271] FIG115 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a row of large-capacity battery assemblies and the explosion-venting manifold in Example 20;

[0272] Figure 116 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-level firefighting unit in Example 20;

[0273] FIG117 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery assembly in Example 21;

[0274] FIG118 is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid cooling device (with the cover plate omitted) in Example 21;

[0275] FIG119 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the liquid cooling device and the large-capacity battery in Example 21;

[0276] FIG120 is a schematic diagram showing the coordination between the explosion venting branch pipes of each single cell and the smoke inlet of the liquid cooling plate in Example 21;

[0277] FIG121 is a structural diagram of the energy storage device in Example 26;

[0278] Figure 122 is a second structural diagram of the energy storage device in Example 26;

[0279] FIG123 is a schematic diagram of the fire safety system within the energy storage box in Example 26;

[0280] FIG124 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 26;

[0281] FIG125 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-capacity battery (with an insulating protective cover) in Example 26;

[0282] FIG126 is a schematic diagram of a fire safety system in Example 26;

[0283] FIG127 is a schematic diagram of a large-capacity battery mounted in an energy storage box via a support frame and battery mounts in Example 26;

[0284] Figure 128 is a partial schematic diagram of Figure 127.

[0285] Figure 1: 11-first-level fire fighting unit, 12-second-level fire fighting unit, 13-energy storage box, 14-battery, 15-third-level fire fighting unit, 111-smoke manifold, 112-ignition device, 113-cooling device, 114-adsorption device, 115-safety device, 1121-smoke pipeline, 1122-igniter, 1123-burner, 1124-protective cover, 121-fire fighting device, 122-fire fighting pipeline, 123-sensor, 1151-safety pipeline, 1152-safety discharge part, 131-battery compartment, 132-fire fighting compartment, 133-exhaust window, 210-energy storage device, 220-smoke pretreatment unit, 230-smoke conveying unit, 240-smoke treatment unit, 2 11-Energy storage box, 212-Battery module, 2121-Casing, 2122-Single cell, 2123-Polarity terminal, 2124-Electrolyte shared chamber, 2125-Gas shared chamber, 2126-Explosion relief mechanism, 221-Flue gas manifold, 222-First-level fire fighting unit, 223-Safety device, 224-Second-level fire fighting unit, 225-Third-level fire fighting unit, 226-Liquid pretreatment device, 227-Solid pretreatment device, 228-Flue gas cooling device, 229-Flue gas filtration device, 2211-First-level manifold, 2212-Second-level manifold, 2231-Safety pipeline, 2232-Safety discharge unit, 2241-Fire fighting device, 2242-Fire fighting pipeline, 2251-Fire fighting water Spray pipe, 2252-water mist nozzle, 2261-liquid treatment tank, 2262-flue gas inlet, 2263-flue gas outlet, 2264-drainage pipe, 2265-diversion part, 2266-three-way valve, 2267-connecting pipe, 2271-solid treatment tank, 2281-cooling treatment tank, 2291-adsorption shell, 2292-adsorption plate, 2293-sealing gasket, 2294-mounting plate, 22911-flue gas channel, 22912-plug-in groove, 22913-blind groove, 22914-mounting boss, 22915-connecting plate, 22916-annular groove, 22921-adsorption surface, 22922-adsorption material, 22923-mounting groove, 231-flue gas main line, 23 2-Flue gas branch line, 233-First one-way valve, 234-Suction device, 241-Liquid processing device, 242-Solid processing device, 243-Gas generating device, 244-Flue gas exhaust device, 245-Ignition device, 2431-First tank body, 2432-Second tank body, 2433-Air inlet line, 2434-Gas outlet, 2435-Opening, 2436-Isolator, 2437-Second one-way valve, 2451-Flue gas line, 2452-Flue exhaust pipe, 2453-Ignitor, 2454-Trigger, 2455-Flame arrester, 31-Energy storage box; 311-Equipment compartment; 312-Battery compartment; 313-Support frame; 3131-Side mounting bracket; 3132-Middle mounting bracket;3133-First support beam; 3134-Second support beam; 3135-Support rib; 32-Fire safety system; 3020-First level fire unit; 3021-Second level fire unit; 3022-Third level fire unit; 3211-First level manifold; 32120-Second level manifold; 322-Flue gas treatment unit; 3230-Liquid treatment device; 32301-Liquid treatment tank; 32302-Connecting pipeline; 32303-Flue gas inlet; 32304-Flue gas outlet; 32305-Liquid treatment medium filling port; 32306-Drainage pipe; 32307-Diversion section; 32308-Spiral baffle; 32210-Ignition device; 32220-Safety pipeline; 32230-Safety discharge 3231-Solid treatment tank; 32321-Flue gas pipeline; 32322-Smoke exhaust pipe; 32323-Ignitor; 32324-Trigger; 32325-Flame arrester; 3234-Buffer tank; 32341-Smoke inlet; 32342-Smoke outlet; 324-Fire fighting device; 325-Fire fighting pipeline; 326-Fire fighting water sprinkler pipeline; 327-Water mist nozzle; 33-Battery pack assembly; 331-Battery pack support frame; 3311-U-shaped frame; 33111-Second beam; 33112-Third beam; 3312-First beam; 3313-Connecting column; 3314-Roller; 332-Explosion venting manifold; 333-Large capacity battery assembly; 3330-Large capacity battery; 3331- Shell; 3332-Single cell; 3333-Electrolyte shared chamber; 3334-Gas shared chamber; 3335-Explosion vent assembly; 3336-Pole; 3337-Pole adapter; 3338-Avoidance hole; 3339-Bracket assembly; 3340-Shell bottom plate; 3341-Shell top plate; 3342-Heat transfer tube; 3343-Channel; 3113-Cylinder assembly; 31131-Cylinder; 31132-Boss; 3114-End plate assembly; 31141-First end plate; 31142-Second end plate; 31143-First support rib; 31144-Gas channel; 31145-First sub-end plate; 31146-Second sub-end plate; 31147-Third sub-end plate; 31148 -first through hole; 31149 -second through hole; 31150 -third end plate; 31221 -pole adapter body; 31222 -electrical connection post; 31223 -electrical connection portion; 31224 -horizontal plate; 31225 -vertical plate; 31226 -first hole; 31227 -third through hole; 3123 -through groove; 3161 -first tube; 3162 -second tube; 3163 -connecting tube; 317 -insulating protective cover; 318 -sealing connector; 3181 -hollow member; 31811 -bottom open end; 31812 -top open end; 3182 -bottom plate; 31820 -through hole; 3183 -second annular plate; 3184 -first annular plate; 319 -pressing plate; 3191 -pressing portion;3192-Fixed part; 31921-Screw hole; 31922-Notch; 3101-Insulation frame; 3102-Insulation cover; 3103-Slit; 3104-Second insulation frame; 3105-Insulation bottom plate; 3106-Electrical connection column avoidance hole; 3107-Partition; 3108-Pole adapter accommodating cavity; 3109-Glue injection groove; 3110-Second cavity; 321-Supporting member; 32110-Supporting rib; 3220-L-shaped bracket; 3221-First bracket; 3222-Second bracket; 3310-Second bracket First explosion relief member; 3320-second explosion relief member; 33110-first hollow pipe; 33120-second hollow pipe; 3321-first interface; 3322-second interface; 3323-third interface; 34-flexible pipe section; 3224-connecting rod; 3226-positioning hole; 3223-L-shaped support rod; 3212-support plate; 35-battery pack assembly unit; 36-vertical support assembly; 361-first butt joint; 362-second butt joint; 37-electrical connection row; 41-housing; 411-barrel body; 412-first Top plate; 420 - battery cell; 421 - first hollow member assembly; 42110 - first sub-hollow member; 4212 - second sub-hollow member; 4213 - hot melt connector; 4214 - heat dissipation tooth; 4215 - external pipe; 4220 - second hollow member; 4221 - second through hole; 4222 - first half pipe; 4223 - flexible bottom plate; 4224 - second top plate; 4225 - second half pipe; 423 - single battery; 42310 - polarity terminal; 4232 - pole; 4233 - pole adapter; 42340 - explosion venting portion; 4235 - through slot; 4236 - metal conductive and thermally conductive layer; 4237 - explosion venting branch pipe; 4238 - first end surface; 4239 - side wall; 4240 - third electrical connection plate; 4250 - first electrical connection plate; 4260 - second electrical connection plate; 43 - partition; 44 - insulating plate; 450 - insulating sealant layer; 42 - fire safety system; 4020 - first level fire protection unit; 4021 - second level fire protection unit; 4022 - third level fire protection unit; 45 - battery pack assembly; 451 - explosion venting manifold; 452 - battery module;51-Large-capacity battery, 52-Liquid cooling device, 53-Liquid treatment device, 54-Flue gas manifold, 511-Casing, 512-Single battery, 513-Polarity terminal, 514-Explosion venting mechanism, 515-Explosion venting branch pipe, 516-Insulation protective cover, 517-Insulation sealant layer, 5111-Electrolyte shared chamber, 5112-Gas shared chamber, 5141-Pressure relief pipe, 5142-Pressure relief part, 521-Liquid cooling plate, 522-Conductor Hot parts, 523-avoidance groove, 524-through hole, 525-U-shaped partition, 526-smoke duct, 5211-liquid cooling channel, 5212-liquid inlet, 5213-liquid outlet, 5214-smoke pretreatment channel, 5215-smoke inlet, 5216-smoke outlet, 5217-U-shaped shell, 5218-cover, 5221-heat conduction hole, 5222-annular folding edge, 541-primary manifold, 542-secondary manifold, 543 -Explosion vent manifold, 61-Energy storage box, 62-Large-capacity battery, 63-Fire safety system, 64-Sensor unit, 611-Battery compartment, 612-Equipment compartment, 613-Air inlet, 614-Exhaust, 615-Pressure relief, 616-Support frame, 617-Battery rack, 618-Bracket, 6161-Beam, 6162-Through hole, 621-Casing, 622-Single battery, 623-Polarity terminal, 624-Explosion vent Components: 625-heat transfer tube, 626-insulating protective cover, 6211-electrolyte shared chamber, 6212-gas shared chamber, 6241-explosion vent pipe, 6242-explosion vent unit, 631-firefighting device, 632-primary firefighting pipeline, 633-firefighting nozzle, 634-secondary firefighting pipeline, 635-water mist nozzle, 636-aerosol generator, 641-temperature sensor, 642-smoke sensor, 643-combustible gas sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0286] To make the above-mentioned purposes, features, and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of this application is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0287] Existing energy storage devices generally include an energy storage box and multiple batteries housed within it. These batteries can be battery modules constructed by connecting existing cylindrical or prismatic cells in series or parallel, or they can be large-capacity batteries constructed from existing single cells. Due to the high concentration of cells in energy storage devices, factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical impact can easily cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway, which can ultimately cause internal battery fires and, in severe cases, explosions, posing safety hazards.

[0288] Currently, the fire safety measures for energy storage equipment mainly include the following two types: First, the deployment of fire extinguishing agents; when a battery experiences thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed, thereby cooling the battery and extinguishing the open flame. Second, the deployment of a flue gas treatment device; when a battery experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway is centrally drawn out through the flue gas manifold and treated accordingly. However, the above two fire safety methods for energy storage equipment have their own shortcomings: lithium battery fires are essentially gas fires, which are characterized by explosions followed by combustion. The use of fire extinguishing agents to treat lithium battery thermal runaway is not ideal; at the same time, batteries in the energy storage device that have not experienced thermal runaway may be damaged after encountering the fire extinguishing agent, and in severe cases, the entire energy storage device may be scrapped. The flue gas treatment device can only treat the thermal runaway flue gas led out of the flue gas manifold. If multiple batteries in the energy storage device experience thermal runaway at the same time and generate a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas, the thermal runaway flue gas pressure will be too high, causing the flue gas manifold to leak, or the thermal runaway battery will burn or explode, and the thermal runaway flue gas will diffuse in the energy storage box. At this time, the flue gas treatment device cannot treat the thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box, nor can it treat the batteries that have already burned or exploded, posing certain safety hazards.

[0289] Based on this, the present application provides a fire safety system, which includes a first-level fire unit and a second-level fire unit. When a battery experiences thermal runaway, the first-level fire unit can lead out and process the thermal runaway smoke of the thermal runaway battery to prevent its heat diffusion, thereby avoiding the situation where other batteries or even the entire energy storage device are out of control and explode due to heat diffusion when individual batteries are in thermal runaway. At the same time, it can also avoid the danger of high-temperature and high-pressure gas gathering in a limited space; when there is thermal runaway smoke in the energy storage box, the second-level fire unit is activated to spray fire extinguishing materials on the thermal runaway smoke and the burning and exploding batteries in the energy storage box, further preventing the continued occurrence of thermal runaway. The first-level fire unit and the second-level fire unit can cool down and extinguish the thermal runaway battery according to the situation, greatly improving the safety of the energy storage equipment.

[0290] Example 1

[0291] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the fire safety system provided in this embodiment includes a primary fire unit 11 and a secondary fire unit 12. The primary fire unit 11 includes a smoke manifold 111 and a first smoke treatment device. The smoke manifold 111 is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke from the battery 14 to the first smoke treatment device for treatment. The first smoke treatment device in this embodiment includes an ignition device 112. The ignition device 112 is used to ignite the thermal runaway smoke transported by the smoke manifold 111. The secondary fire unit 12 includes a fire device 121 and a fire pipeline 122. The fire device 121 stores fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline 122 is used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device 121 to the energy storage box 13. The structures of the primary fire unit 11 and the secondary fire unit 12 are described below.

[0292] As shown in Figure 2, the first-level fire protection unit 11 in this embodiment mainly includes a flue gas manifold 111 and an ignition device 112. The flue gas manifold 111 is mainly used to centrally draw out the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery 14 and transport the thermal runaway flue gas to the first flue gas treatment device for treatment. The first flue gas treatment device in this embodiment includes at least one ignition device 112. The ignition device 112 can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents, patent numbers CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0293] As shown in Figure 3, the ignition device 112 in this embodiment preferably adopts the following structure, the ignition device 112 includes a flue gas pipeline 1121, an igniter 1122 and a burner 1123; wherein, the inlet of the flue gas pipeline 1121 is connected to the flue gas manifold 111, and the outlet of the flue gas pipeline 1121 is connected to the burner 1123, and the flue gas pipeline 1121 is mainly used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas to the burner 1123; the burner 1123 mainly provides a space for the combustion of the thermal runaway flue gas, and the igniter 1122 is arranged in the cavity of the combustion shell or outside the cavity of the combustion shell, and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas in the burner 1123. The burner 1123 includes a combustion shell and a porous structure. The combustion shell is a box structure with one end open; the porous structure is arranged at the open end of the box; since the ignition device 112 burns on the surface of the porous structure, the thermal runaway flue gas is dispersed into multiple micropores or openings by the porous structure, the combustion flame is evenly distributed, and the fire is relatively gentle, thereby improving the safety of the entire energy storage device. At the same time, since the combustion is carried out on the entire surface of the porous structure, the burner 1123 of this structure has a large combustion area and can fully burn the thermal runaway flue gas. The above-mentioned igniter 1122 can be turned on by the BMS (battery management system) or by a trigger. When turned on by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the battery 14 in real time. When any battery 14 experiences thermal runaway and the voltage, current and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 1122 ignites. When turned on by a trigger, the trigger can be a sensor of different structures (pressure sensor, gas sensor or temperature sensor). The sensor can be installed on the flue gas pipeline 1121 or the upper flue gas manifold 111 to perform real-time detection of parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in the flue gas pipeline 1121 or the flue gas manifold 111, and send a signal to turn on the igniter 1122 when the set threshold is exceeded.

[0294] As shown in FIG3 , if the ignition device 112 and energy storage box 13 are installed outdoors, a protective cover 1124 can be added to the exterior of the ignition device 112. This protective cover 1124 has multiple convection holes through which external air can flow to the open end of the burner 1123 to participate in the combustion. This protective cover 1124 can reduce the chance of external impurities or moisture entering the burner 1123, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the burner 1123. Furthermore, this protective cover 1124 can also protect against wind and rain during the combustion of thermal runaway flue gases, thereby ensuring stable combustion of the thermal runaway flue gases.

[0295] As shown in Figure 4, the secondary fire-fighting unit 12 in this embodiment mainly includes a fire-fighting device 121 and a fire-fighting pipeline 122; the fire-fighting device 121 stores fire-extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipeline 122 is used to transport the fire-fighting substances in the fire-fighting device 121 to the energy storage box 13. The inlet of the above-mentioned fire-fighting pipeline 122 is connected to the fire-fighting device 121, and the outlet is set in the energy storage box 13. In some embodiments, the outlet of the above-mentioned fire-fighting pipeline 122 can be connected to the outer shell of the battery. When the battery has thermal runaway, the fire-fighting substances in the fire-fighting device 121 are transported to the outer shell of the battery for extinguishing the fire, thereby completing the treatment of the thermal runaway battery. In this embodiment, at least one fire-fighting agent nozzle is provided on the fire-fighting pipeline 122. The fire-fighting agent nozzle is provided on the top of the energy storage box 13, and the fire-fighting substance is sprayed through the fire-fighting agent nozzle to ensure that the fire-fighting substance can cover all batteries 14. The fire-fighting device 121 stores a certain amount of fire-extinguishing material, specifically perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. A control valve is also installed at the outlet of the fire-fighting device 121. This control valve is activated by the BMS or by a sensor 123 located within the energy storage box 13. When activated by sensor 123, which includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, or a smoke detector, these sensors monitor the environment within the energy storage box 13 in real time and open the control valve based on the detected data.

[0296] When the thermal runaway smoke in the energy storage box reaches a certain volume and no open flame occurs, the fire extinguishing material in the fire-fighting device 121 is sprayed into the energy storage box to prevent the thermal runaway smoke from igniting an open flame. If the battery thermal runaway causes an open flame, the fire-fighting material in the fire-fighting device 121 is sprayed into the energy storage box to extinguish the burning or exploding battery.

[0297] As shown in Figure 1, the fire safety system of this embodiment can also include a tertiary fire unit 15. The tertiary fire unit 15 includes a fire water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water sprinkler pipeline. The fire water sprinkler pipeline inlet is used to connect to an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle is arranged on the top of the energy storage box. The fire water sprinkler pipeline can cooperate with the secondary fire unit 12 to extinguish the fire of multiple batteries 14 when the thermal runaway occurs and the burning fire is large. Alternatively, after the fire extinguishing material in the secondary fire unit 12 is consumed, the tertiary fire unit 15 is activated to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures on the battery 14, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device. In other embodiments, the above-mentioned fire safety system may also not be provided with a tertiary fire unit 15; or, when the fire extinguishing material in the secondary fire unit is water, the tertiary fire unit 15 is a fire water connector arranged on the fire pipeline, which is used to connect to an external fire water pipe.

[0298] When the primary and secondary firefighting units 11 and 12 are installed, at least a portion of the smoke manifold 111 and firefighting pipeline 122 are positioned within the energy storage housing 13. The first smoke treatment device and firefighting device 121 can be positioned within or outside the energy storage housing 13. To enhance the aesthetics of the entire energy storage device, the interior of the energy storage housing 13 can be divided into a battery compartment 131 and a firefighting compartment 132. In this case, the firefighting device 121 is positioned within the firefighting compartment 132, while the ignition device 112 is positioned on top of the firefighting compartment 132.

[0299] The fire safety system operates as follows: When the batteries 14 in the energy storage box 13 are operating normally, the first-level fire unit 11, the second-level fire unit 12, and the third-level fire unit 15 are all inoperative. When a battery 14 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway is transported to the ignition device 112 via the smoke manifold 111 for treatment. If the smoke manifold 111 leaks, causing thermal runaway smoke to remain in the energy storage box 13, or if the battery 14 burns or explodes, the exhaust window closes, and the firefighting device 121 sprays fire extinguishing material through the fire pipe 122. The fire extinguishing material prevents the thermal runaway smoke from igniting an open flame, or the fire extinguishing material extinguishes the already burning or exploded battery. If the fire cannot be controlled even after the second-level fire unit 12 is activated, the third-level fire unit 15 connects to external fire water and uses a water mist nozzle to extinguish the fire in the battery compartment. Alternatively, if multiple batteries experience thermal runaway simultaneously, and the burning open flames are large, the second-level fire unit 12 and the third-level fire unit 15 are activated simultaneously to begin extinguishing the fire.

[0300] Example 2

[0301] As shown in Figure 5, the fire safety system in this embodiment is similar to that in Example 1. Unlike Example 1, the primary firefighting unit 11 in this embodiment also includes a second flue gas treatment device, located between the flue gas manifold 111 and the first flue gas treatment device. The second flue gas treatment device includes at least one of an adsorption device 114 and a cooling device 113. This second flue gas treatment device can provide some treatment to thermal runaway flue gas, thereby reducing the amount of thermal runaway flue gas that must be processed by the subsequent ignition device 112. The structures of the adsorption device 114 and the cooling device 113 are described below.

[0302] The cooling device 113 in this embodiment is primarily used to cool thermal runaway flue gas. It includes at least one cooling tank and at least one reflux tank. Each cooling tank contains a cooling medium, which can be ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, silica, alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, or the like. If there are multiple cooling tanks, they can be used in series or in parallel.

[0303] The adsorption device 114 in this embodiment is primarily used for adsorption treatment of thermal runaway flue gas and includes at least one adsorption tank. If multiple adsorption tanks are used, they can be used in series or in parallel. The adsorption tank is partially or completely filled with an adsorption medium. The adsorption medium can be a liquid or solid adsorption medium. The liquid adsorption medium can be sodium hydroxide solution, activated carbon, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, or porous glass. The multiple adsorption tanks can be filled entirely with liquid adsorption medium, entirely with solid adsorption medium, or partially with liquid adsorption medium and partially with solid adsorption medium.

[0304] The above-mentioned cooling tank can be connected to the adsorption tank in any combination, that is, the thermal runaway flue gas can be cooled and then subjected to adsorption treatment, or the thermal runaway flue gas can be adsorbed and then cooled, or the thermal runaway flue gas can be cooled and then subjected to adsorption treatment, and then cooled and adsorbed again, and so on. The following describes the connection relationship by taking multiple cooling tanks installed on the inlet side of all adsorption tanks as an example. Multiple cooling tanks are connected in series in sequence, the inlet of the first cooling tank is connected to the outlet of the flue gas manifold 111, the outlet of the last cooling tank is connected to the inlet of the first adsorption tank, and the last adsorption tank is connected to the flue gas pipeline 1121 of the ignition device 112. The reflux tank is provided at the outlet of at least one cooling tank to collect the liquid medium after the thermal runaway flue gas is condensed.

[0305] As shown in FIG5 , based on the above structure, the fire safety system in this embodiment further includes at least one safety device 115. Each safety device 115 includes a safety pipe 1151 and a safety discharge portion 1152. The inlet of the safety pipe 1151 is connected to the flue gas manifold 111 on the inlet side of the second flue gas treatment device, and the outlet is connected to the outlet of the second flue gas treatment device or to the external environment. The safety discharge portion 1152 is provided on the safety pipe 1151, and its opening pressure is lower than the opening pressure of the explosion vent portion of the battery 14. The safety device 115 is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas from the safety pipe 1151 when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold 111 is excessive, posing a safety hazard. This prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from affecting the batteries 14 that are not experiencing thermal runaway, or from affecting the sealing of the connection between the flue gas manifold 111, thereby improving the safety of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device during use.

[0306] The safety discharge part 1152 can be specifically implemented by the following structure: first, an explosion-proof membrane or an explosion-proof valve is adopted; the explosion-proof membrane or the explosion-proof valve is installed on the safety pipeline 1151; second, a safety valve is adopted, and the safety valve can be opened under a set pressure; the safety valve can adopt a pressure valve, and the pressure valve can open automatically under a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the flue gas manifold 111 exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve automatically opens, and the reliability is high. In addition, the installation of the safety valve is also relatively convenient; third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are adopted; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold 111, and open the control valve when the gas pressure in the flue gas manifold 111 exceeds the threshold. The above-mentioned pressure measuring device can specifically adopt a pressure sensor 123, and the control valve is a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is connected to the pressure measuring device for signal connection, and the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the solenoid valve according to the pressure in the flue gas manifold 111.

[0307] When installed, the safety vent 1152 can be connected in series at any position of the safety line 1151. In this embodiment, it is preferably installed at the inlet of the safety line 1151. This installation method can promptly discharge the thermal runaway flue gas when the pressure in the flue gas manifold 111 exceeds the threshold, thereby improving the safety of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment. At the same time, this method can use the whole tube to process the safety line 1151, which improves the reliability of the safety line 1151 during use. At the same time, since the explosion pressure of existing batteries 14 is generally between 0.5Mpa and 0.7Mpa, in this embodiment, the opening pressure of the safety vent 1152 is less than 0.5Mpa. This pressure can ensure that when the flue gas manifold 111 is pressurized, it will not affect the batteries 14 that have not experienced thermal runaway.

[0308] Example 3

[0309] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment provides an energy storage device, which includes an energy storage box 13 and the fire safety system of Example 1 or Example 2. The energy storage box 13 contains multiple batteries 14, which are arranged in series and parallel to meet charging and discharging requirements. The batteries 14 can be single cells, or they can be battery modules composed of existing single cylindrical batteries or prismatic batteries connected in series and parallel, or they can be large-capacity batteries composed of existing single cells. Each battery in the energy storage box 13 is provided with an explosion vent. When any battery experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature and high-pressure material inside it breaks through the explosion vent, and the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas is transported through the flue gas manifold 111 to the first flue gas treatment device or the second flue gas treatment device for treatment. When multiple batteries 14 experience thermal runaway, thermal runaway flue gas exists in the energy storage box 13, or the batteries burn or explode, the secondary fire protection unit 12 is activated to safely treat the thermally runaway batteries in the energy storage box 13.

[0310] In addition, the exhaust window 133 on the energy storage box 13 is normally open to dissipate heat for the battery 14 to improve the safety of the energy storage device. It is closed when the secondary fire-fighting unit 12 is working to ensure the treatment effect of the secondary fire-fighting unit 12. After the fire is extinguished, the exhaust window is opened.

[0311] The present application also provides a centralized fire safety system, which is mainly used in energy storage systems. The energy storage system includes multiple energy storage devices, each of which includes an energy storage box and multiple battery modules arranged in the energy storage box. The multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel to meet the capacity requirements of the energy storage device. The centralized fire safety system includes a smoke pretreatment unit, a smoke delivery unit, and a smoke treatment unit; each smoke pretreatment unit is provided on each energy storage device and is used to pretreat the thermal runaway smoke generated after the thermal runaway of the battery module in the energy storage device. The volume of the thermal runaway smoke is reduced after being pretreated by the smoke pretreatment unit. The smoke delivery unit is used to centrally deliver the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each smoke pretreatment unit to the smoke treatment unit. The smoke treatment unit is used to centrally reprocess the thermal runaway smoke delivered by the smoke delivery unit so that the treated thermal runaway smoke will not affect the energy storage device.

[0312] When the above-mentioned centralized fire safety system processes the thermal runaway flue gas generated by multiple energy storage devices in the energy storage system, the flue gas pretreatment unit pre-treats the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit is greatly reduced, avoiding the problem that the flue gas treatment unit is unable to promptly process a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas when multiple energy storage devices are in thermal runaway at the same time, and improving the treatment effect of the flue gas treatment unit on the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, multiple energy storage devices share one flue gas treatment unit. Compared with the existing solution of separately setting up flue gas treatment for each energy storage device, it can not only improve the safety of the energy storage device during use, but also reduce the number of flue gas treatment units, so that the production cost of the entire energy storage system is greatly reduced. Secondly, the flue gas treatment unit is set separately from the energy storage device, which can facilitate the layout and installation of various components in the energy storage device, improve the space utilization inside the energy storage box, facilitate the integration of the energy storage device, and thus increase the capacity of the energy storage device.

[0313] Example 4

[0314] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the centralized fire safety system provided in this embodiment is used for an energy storage system, which includes multiple energy storage devices 210. Each energy storage device 210 includes an energy storage box 211 and multiple battery modules 212 arranged in the energy storage box 211. The multiple battery modules 212 are connected in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel to meet the capacity requirements of the energy storage device 210. The centralized fire safety system includes a smoke pretreatment unit 220, a smoke conveying unit 230 and a smoke treatment unit 240; each smoke pretreatment unit 220 is respectively arranged on each energy storage device 210, and is used to pretreat the thermal runaway smoke generated after the battery module 212 in the energy storage device 210 has a thermal runaway, and the volume of the thermal runaway smoke after pretreatment is greatly reduced; the smoke conveying unit 230 is used to centrally convey the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each smoke pretreatment unit 220 to the smoke treatment unit 240, and the smoke treatment unit 240 is used to centrally reprocess the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each smoke pretreatment unit 220, so that the treated thermal runaway smoke will not cause safety hazards, thereby improving the safety of the entire energy storage system.

[0315] The structures of the smoke pre-treatment unit 220 , the smoke conveying unit 230 , and the smoke treatment unit 240 are described below respectively.

[0316] The flue gas pretreatment unit 220 in this embodiment includes a flue gas manifold 221 and a first-level fire-fighting unit 222. The flue gas manifold 221 is arranged in the energy storage box 211 of the energy storage device 210. The flue gas manifold 221 is connected to the explosion relief mechanism 2126 of each battery module 212 to transport the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module 212 in the energy storage device 210 to the first-level fire-fighting unit, which pre-treats the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0317] When the first-level fire-fighting unit 222 is installed, it can be set inside the energy storage box 211 of the energy storage device 210, or it can be set on the outer wall of the energy storage box 211. The first-level fire-fighting unit is mainly used to reduce the content of combustibles in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced. After the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is reduced, the subsequent use of the flue gas treatment unit 240 will be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of the flue gas treatment unit 240. At the same time, the first-level fire-fighting unit pre-treats the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit 240 is greatly reduced, avoiding the problem that the flue gas treatment unit cannot promptly process a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas when multiple energy storage devices thermally runaway at the same time, thereby improving the treatment effect of the flue gas treatment unit on the thermal runaway flue gas. The combustibles in the thermal runaway flue gas are specifically substances that can burn in the thermal runaway flue gas, mainly including electrolytes, combustible gases, and combustible impurities such as diaphragms, plastic films, and plastic parts that are melted at high temperatures.

[0318] As shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9, the flue gas manifold 221 collects the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the multiple battery modules 212 in the energy storage device 210 and directs it to the rear primary firefighting unit 222 for pretreatment. The flue gas manifold 221 in this embodiment includes a primary manifold 2211 and a secondary manifold 2212. The primary manifold 2211 is connected to the battery modules 212 arranged in the same row, and the secondary manifold 2212 is connected to each of the primary manifolds 2211. The outlet of the secondary manifold 2212 is connected to the primary firefighting unit. The primary and secondary manifolds 2211 and 2212 transport the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module 212 to the primary firefighting unit, which pre-treats the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0319] As shown in Figure 9, the primary firefighting unit 222 in this embodiment is an adsorption and filtration device that primarily performs physical adsorption, chemical reaction, and physical filtration on the electrolyte, combustible gases, and combustible impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby reducing the content of the electrolyte, combustible gases, and combustible impurities in the treated thermal runaway flue gas. The adsorption and filtration device includes a liquid pretreatment device 226. This liquid pretreatment device 226 is connected to the secondary manifold and is primarily used to fully treat the electrolyte and some combustibles carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from further decomposing and producing combustible gases, thereby reducing the content of combustibles in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0320] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the liquid pretreatment device 226 includes M liquid treatment tanks 2261. The number of liquid treatment tanks 2261 can be set according to demand. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 2261, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 2261 can be connected in series via a connecting pipe 2267. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 2261 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. A circular tank body is preferably used as the circular tank body has good pressure bearing performance. The liquid treatment tank 2261 is filled with a liquid treatment medium. The M liquid treatment tanks 2261 can all be filled with liquid treatment medium. Specifically, during filling, the liquid treatment medium is filled to approximately 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2261 to prevent the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2261 from being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0321] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas during the initial explosion of the battery module 212 is too high, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2261 may be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2261 by the thermal runaway flue gas. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 2261 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid pretreatment device 226 includes 4 liquid treatment tanks 2261, wherein the first liquid treatment tank 2261 to the third liquid treatment tank 2261 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the fourth liquid treatment tank 2261 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the battery module 212 is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, thereby preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2261, thereby improving the safety of the liquid pretreatment device 226 when in use.

[0322] As shown in Figure 10, each liquid treatment tank 2261 is provided with a flue gas inlet 2262 and a flue gas outlet 2263. The flue gas inlet 2262 is used to input thermal runaway flue gas into the liquid treatment tank 2261, and the flue gas outlet 2263 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas. The flue gas inlet 2262 can be located at the top or bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2261. To facilitate connection of each liquid treatment tank 2261, it is preferred to locate both the flue gas inlet 2262 and the flue gas outlet 2263 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2261. In this case, each liquid treatment tank 2261 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire liquid pretreatment device 226 and the compactness of the piping layout. In addition, the connecting piping 2267 can be made of metal bellows. After using metal bellows for connection, each liquid treatment tank 2261 can be arranged according to the installation space requirements, meeting various installation requirements and saving installation space.

[0323] As shown in Figure 10, after the flue gas inlet 2262 is positioned at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2261, a drainage tube 2264 is connected to the flue gas inlet 2262 to ensure full contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium within the liquid treatment tank 2261. At least a portion of the drainage tube 2264 can be submerged in the liquid treatment medium. Optimally, the drainage tube 2264 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2261 so that it is completely submerged in the liquid treatment medium. As the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2261, it fully comes into contact with the liquid treatment medium within the liquid treatment tank 2261. The liquid treatment medium then effectively treats the thermal runaway flue gas, enhancing the effectiveness of the liquid treatment medium.

[0324] As shown in Figure 10, a diversion portion 2265 is provided at one end of the drainage tube 2264 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 2265 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas before reacting with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2261, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters with a large flow rate and exits with a small flow rate, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 2265 in this embodiment can be a foam copper column. The foam copper column is easy to install and has a good dispersion and diversion effect. During the specific installation, it is fixed to the port of the drainage tube 2264 at one end immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the drainage pipe 2264, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the diverted thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact with the liquid treatment medium.

[0325] As shown in Figure 10 , to facilitate the injection of liquid treatment medium and the pressure testing and leak detection of liquid treatment tanks 2261, a three-way valve 2266 is installed on the flue gas outlet 2263. Specifically, three-way valve 2266 can be a three-way ball valve, etc. This three-way valve 2266 allows for the filling of liquid treatment medium after all liquid treatment tanks 2261 have been pressure tested and leak-tested. Specifically, the first port of the three-way valve 2266 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2263, the second port is used to discharge thermal runaway flue gas, and the third port is used to inject the liquid treatment medium.

[0326] After the pressure leak test of the above-mentioned liquid treatment tank 2261 is completed, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustible materials in the thermal runaway flue gas. The specific details of the liquid treatment medium can refer to the liquid treatment medium in Example 13.

[0327] In other embodiments, the liquid treatment medium may also be a liquid such as water for treating thermal runaway flue gas.

[0328] As shown in Figure 6, the flue gas conveying unit 230 in this embodiment includes a flue gas main line 231 and multiple flue gas branch lines 232. One end of each flue gas branch line 232 is used to connect to each flue gas pretreatment unit 220, and the other end is connected to the flue gas main line 231, so as to convey the thermal runaway flue gas pretreated by each flue gas pretreatment unit 220 to the flue gas main line 231. The flue gas main line 231 is connected to the flue gas treatment unit 240, and the thermal runaway flue gas in the multiple flue gas branch lines 232 is gathered into the flue gas treatment unit 240. The flue gas treatment unit 240 is used to process the thermal runaway flue gas conveyed by the flue gas main line 231, so that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the energy storage device 210 will not affect the energy storage device 210.

[0329] As shown in FIG6 , a first one-way valve 233 for allowing the thermal runaway flue gas to flow in one direction may also be provided on the flue gas branch line 232. After the first one-way valve 233 is installed, the thermal runaway flue gas pretreated by the flue gas pretreatment unit 220 can flow into the flue gas main line 231 through the flue gas branch line 232, while the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas main line 231 cannot flow in the opposite direction through the flue gas branch line 232. The first one-way valve 233 prevents the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas main line 231 from entering the energy storage device 210 where thermal runaway has not occurred, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system. In addition, a suction device 234 may be provided on the flue gas branch line 232. Specifically, the suction device 234 may be an exhaust fan or other equipment. The suction device 234 actively sucks the thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage device 210 out of the energy storage box 211 in a timely manner, thereby preventing the thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box 211 from affecting the battery module 212 that has not experienced thermal runaway, thereby further improving the safety of the energy storage device 210.

[0330] The above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit 240 is used to centrally reprocess the thermal runaway flue gas pre-treated by the first-level fire protection unit, so that the thermal runaway flue gas will not cause safety hazards after being discharged. As shown in Figure 11, the flue gas treatment unit 240 in this embodiment includes an ignition device 245, which is connected to the flue gas main line 231 and performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas pre-treated by the first-level fire protection unit to avoid safety hazards caused by the thermal runaway flue gas after being discharged. The ignition device 245 can adopt the structures disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0331] As shown in Figure 11, the ignition device 245 in this embodiment includes a flue gas pipeline 2451 and at least one set of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline 2451 is connected to the main flue gas pipeline 231. The ignition components are connected to the flue gas pipeline 2451. The number of ignition components can be set as needed, and can be set to multiple groups such as 1, 2, or 3. Using multiple groups not only ensures sufficient and reliable ignition of thermal runaway flue gas, but also avoids the safety hazard caused by the inability to reliably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas if a single ignition component fails or malfunctions.

[0332] As shown in Figure 11, each ignition assembly includes an exhaust pipe 2452 and an igniter 2453 located at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 2452. The exhaust pipe 2452 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2451 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the exhaust pipes 2452 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all connected to the flue gas pipeline 2451; when there is only one ignition assembly, the exhaust pipe 2452 and the flue gas pipeline 2451 are made of the same pipeline). The igniter 2453 is activated when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the exhaust pipe 2452, and the igniter 2453 ignites the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 2452. The igniter 2453 can be activated by a trigger 2454 or by a BMS (battery management system). When activated by trigger 2454, trigger 2454 can be a sensor of different structures, which can be installed on the exhaust pipe 2452 or on the flue gas pipeline 2451. It can detect parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in real time. When the set threshold is exceeded, it can send a signal to activate igniter 2453. Specifically, the trigger 2454 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When activated by trigger 2454, a flame arrester 2455 can also be installed on the exhaust pipe 2452. Flame arrester 2455 is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2455, which is used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the exhaust pipe 2452 and damaging components such as trigger 2454. When activated by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack in real time. When any battery module experiences thermal runaway and the voltage, current and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 2453 is activated. The above-mentioned igniter 2453 can have various structures. For example, the existing arc igniter 2453 or resistance wire igniter 2453 can be used. The arc igniter 2453 can be a pulse igniter 2453. The power supply method of the igniter 2453 can be dry batteries or AC power according to the on-site environment.

[0333] Example 5

[0334] As shown in Figures 12 to 15 , the centralized fire safety system in this embodiment is similar to the centralized fire safety system in Example 4. The difference is that the primary fire protection unit 222 in this embodiment includes at least one of a flue gas cooling device and an adsorption filtration device. The adsorption filtration device includes at least one of a solid pre-treatment device 227 and a flue gas filtration device 229.

[0335] The first-level fire-fighting unit 222 in this embodiment can use one of the solid pretreatment device 227, the flue gas cooling device 228, and the flue gas filtering device 229 to pre-treat the thermal runaway flue gas transported by the flue gas manifold 221, or can use a combination method to pre-treat the thermal runaway flue gas transported by the flue gas manifold 221, for example, using the treatment method of the flue gas cooling device 228 + the solid pretreatment device 227, as shown in Figure 12, or using the treatment method of the flue gas cooling device 228 + the flue gas filtering device 229, or can also be combined with the liquid pretreatment device 226 in Example 4 for treatment, for example, using the combined treatment method of the liquid pretreatment device 226 + the solid pretreatment device 227, etc.

[0336] The structures of the solid pre-treatment device 227 , the flue gas cooling device 228 , and the flue gas filtering device 229 are described below.

[0337] As shown in Figure 12, the flue gas cooling device 228 is used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas and includes at least one cooling tank 2281. Each cooling tank 2281 is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. If there are multiple cooling tanks 2281, they can be arranged in series. In this case, the flue gas inlet of the first cooling tank 2281 is connected to the flue gas manifold 221, and the flue gas outlet of the last cooling tank 2281 is connected to the flue gas branch line. The cooling tanks 2281 are filled with a cooling medium to cool the thermal runaway flue gas. The cooling medium can be ceramic balls, silica, alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, graphite rods, porous ceramics, etc. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the cooling treatment tank 2281, the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is cooled into liquid after passing through the cooling medium and is collected in the cooling treatment tank 2281, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible materials in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the cooling treatment tank 2281 also cools the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, which can reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0338] As shown in Figure 12, the solid pre-treatment device 227 includes at least one solid treatment tank 2271. Each cooling treatment tank 2281 is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The number of solid treatment tanks 2271 can be set as needed. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks 2271, they can be arranged in series. In this case, the flue gas inlet of the first solid treatment tank 2271 is connected to the flue gas manifold 221 or the flue gas outlet of the last cooling treatment tank 2281; the flue gas outlet of the last solid treatment tank 2271 is connected to the flue gas branch line. The solid treatment tank 2271 is filled with a solid adsorption medium for pre-treating thermal runaway flue gas. This significantly reduces the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas, thereby reducing the processing cost of the subsequent flue gas treatment unit 240. The solid adsorption medium in the solid treatment tank 2271 can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, or porous glass, and is used to treat the residual gas after treatment in each pretreatment unit, for example, to adsorb excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect, generally selected from activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon. Such activated carbon easily adsorbs low molecular weight gases in thermal runaway flue gas, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0339] As shown in Figures 13 to 15, when the battery module 212 is in complete thermal runaway, the internal temperature of the battery module 212 is as high as 500-800°C. At this temperature, the diaphragm, plastic film, plastic parts and other easily fusible parts inside the battery module 212 are melted by high temperature, and the above molten substances rush out of the battery module 212 along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas. In the process of being discharged through the pipeline, the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas continues to decrease, and the molten substances gradually solidify and agglomerate, which is easy to be blocked in the pipelines of the flue gas conveying unit 230 and the flue gas treatment unit 240. At the same time, the above molten substances are also easy to burn simultaneously with the combustible gas and the electrolyte, thereby creating a safety hazard.

[0340] The first-level fire-fighting unit adopts a flue gas filter device 229. The flue gas filter device 229 can not only fully adsorb the molten substances in the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby reducing the content of combustible materials in the thermal runaway flue gas, but also, after the molten substances are adsorbed, the thermal runaway flue gas will not block the pipelines of the flue gas conveying unit 230 and the flue gas treatment unit 240, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0341] As shown in Figures 13 to 15, the flue gas filtration device 229 provided in this embodiment includes an adsorption housing 2291 and multiple adsorption plates 2292 mounted on the adsorption housing 2291. The adsorption housing 2291 defines a flue gas passage 22911 through which the thermal runaway flue gas passes. Multiple adsorption plates 2292 are sequentially mounted on the adsorption housing 2291 along the direction of the thermal runaway flue gas flow. Adjacent adsorption plates 2292 are staggered within the flue gas passage 22911, creating a wave-like flow of the thermal runaway flue gas within the flue gas passage 22911. Furthermore, adsorption material 22922 is provided on the adsorption surface 22921 of each adsorption plate 2292. This adsorption material 22922 is used to adsorb impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas. The adsorption surface 22921 of the adsorption plate 2292 refers to the end or side surface of the adsorption plate 2292 that contacts the thermal runaway flue gas. In this embodiment, the adsorption surface 22921 is preferably the surface of the adsorption plate 2292 facing the flow direction of the thermal runaway flue gas, and the adsorption surface 22921 is preferably perpendicular to the flow direction of the thermal runaway flue gas. The adsorption material 22922 is set on the adsorption surface 22921. The adsorption material 22922 can fully contact the thermal runaway flue gas, and then can fully adsorb impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the discharged thermal runaway flue gas does not contain solid matter as much as possible.

[0342] If the multiple adsorption plates 2292 are not arranged in an interlaced manner within the flue gas passage 22911 of the adsorption housing 2291, but are installed only on the same side, the thermal runaway flue gas will have a certain pressure. When passing through, the thermal runaway flue gas will directly pass through the side of the flue gas passage 22911 where the adsorption plates 2292 are not installed. In this case, the adsorption plates 2292 will have difficulty achieving their intended purpose of adsorbing impurities. Therefore, in this embodiment, the multiple adsorption plates 2292 are arranged in an interlaced manner within the flue gas passage 22911 of the adsorption housing 2291, resulting in a wavy flow of the thermal runaway flue gas. This arrangement ensures that when a battery experiences thermal runaway and the thermal runaway flue gas enters the adsorption housing 2291 and passes through the multiple adsorption plates 2292, the thermal runaway flue gas can be fully adsorbed by the adsorption plates 2292 while also ensuring smooth passage without significant resistance. In addition, arranging multiple adsorption plates 2292 in an interlaced manner in the flue gas channel 22911 of the adsorption shell 2291 can also increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas in the adsorption shell 2291, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be cooled as much as possible in the adsorption shell 2291, so that the impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas can be fully adsorbed.

[0343] As shown in Figure 14, the above-mentioned adsorption shell 2291 has a smoke channel 22911 for the circulation of thermal runaway flue gas. The smoke channel 22911 can be a straight channel or a curved channel. The cross-section of the smoke channel 22911 can be circular, square, etc. There is no requirement for its shape, as long as the thermal runaway flue gas can pass smoothly and it is convenient to install the adsorption plate 2292.

[0344] In this embodiment, considering overall aesthetics and ease of installation, the adsorption housing 2291 is preferably constructed of a straight round tube. The diameter of this round tube can be consistent with the diameter of the flue gas pipeline 2451 and the pipeline in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. Furthermore, to facilitate installation, the inlet and outlet of the adsorption housing 2291 are provided with connecting plates 22915. These connecting plates 22915 have mounting holes. These connecting plates 22915 facilitate connection between the pretreatment device and the flue gas pipeline 2451 or the pipeline in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. Furthermore, the end surface of the connecting plate 22915 has an annular groove 22916 for receiving a sealing ring. This annular groove 22916 can be installed in the sealing ring to ensure a tight seal when the adsorption housing 2291 is connected to the external pipeline. In other embodiments, the inlet and outlet of the adsorption housing 2291 can also be provided with connecting flanges, which are connected to the flue gas pipeline 2451 or the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device via the connecting flanges.

[0345] During actual installation, the adsorption plate 2292 and the adsorption shell 2291 can be assembled by fixed connection, or the adsorption plate 2292 can be detachably installed on the adsorption shell 2291. Specifically, the following installation method can be adopted. First, the adsorption plate 2292 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the side wall of the adsorption shell 2291, for example, the adsorption plate 2292 is fixed to the inner surface of the side wall of the adsorption shell 2291 by welding or other methods; second, a plurality of blind grooves 22913 are processed on the inner surface of the side wall of the adsorption shell 2291, and one end of the adsorption plate 2292 is embedded in the blind groove 22913; when installing this structure, first place the adsorption plate 2292 in the flue gas channel 22911 from the inlet or outlet of the adsorption shell 2291, and then, one end of the adsorption plate 2292 is tightly embedded in the blind groove 22913; this detachable installation method can replace the new adsorption plate 2292 or adsorption material 22922 when the adsorption material 22922 on the adsorption plate 2292 loses its adsorption effect, but it has the following disadvantages: when installing, the adsorption plate 2292 needs to be removed from the adsorption shell 2291 The inlet or outlet is placed one by one into the flue gas channel 22911 for assembly, and the installation process is relatively cumbersome. At the same time, when the adsorption material 22922 on the adsorption plate 2292 fails and needs to be replaced, the entire flue gas filter device 229 needs to be removed from the pipeline system before the adsorption plate 2292 or the adsorption material 22922 can be replaced. The replacement is inconvenient and the replacement efficiency is low. Third, a plurality of plug-in grooves 22912 that pass through the flue gas channel 22911 are processed on the side wall of the adsorption shell 2291, and the adsorption plate 2292 is installed on the adsorption shell 2291 through the plug-in grooves 22912. When this structure is installed, the adsorption plate 2292 can be directly inserted into the flue gas channel 22911 of the adsorption shell 2291 from the outside of the adsorption shell 2291, and then the adsorption plate 2292 and the adsorption shell 2291 are fixed.

[0346] Of the three aforementioned structures, the third is the most optimal. This structure not only allows for quick installation of the adsorption plate 2292 or adsorption material 22922, but most importantly, allows for replacement of the adsorption plate 2292 or adsorption material 22922 without disassembling the entire flue gas filter 229, resulting in highly efficient replacement. The structure of the adsorption plate 2292 will be described below, using the third external plug-in installation as an example.

[0347] In this embodiment, the side of the adsorption plate 2292 is vertically connected to the mounting plate 2294. The adsorption plate 2292 and the mounting plate 2294 are vertically mounted to form a T-shaped structure. During assembly, the adsorption plate 2292 can be directly fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate 2294, or a through groove can be machined on the mounting plate 2294, and the adsorption plate 2292 can be connected to the mounting plate 2294 by inserting into the through groove. The above-mentioned mounting plate 2294 not only limits the position of the adsorption plate 2292 so that it can be accurately installed in the insertion groove 22912, but also facilitates the reliable assembly of the adsorption plate 2292 and the adsorption housing 2291. When the mounting plate 2294 is connected to the adsorption shell 2291, mounting bosses 22914 can be provided around the insertion slots 22912 of the adsorption shell 2291. The mounting plate 2294 is secured to the mounting bosses 22914 via screws. This connection method not only ensures a more secure installation of the adsorption plate 2292 but also facilitates replacement of the entire adsorption plate 2292. Furthermore, based on the above structure, a sealing gasket 2293 or a sealing ring can be added between the mounting plate 2294 and the mounting bosses 22914 for sealing. In other embodiments, if the adsorption plate 2292 is not provided with a connecting plate 22915, there may be installation errors between the positions of multiple adsorption plates 2292 on the same side of the flue gas duct 22911.

[0348] After the installation of multiple adsorption plates 2292 with the above-mentioned structure, the flow of the thermal runaway flue gas in the adsorption shell 2291 is wavy, so that the adsorption material 22922 can fully adsorb impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas. The adsorption material 22922 can be specifically arranged on the adsorption surface 22921 of the adsorption plate 2292 by coating, smearing, etc. In this embodiment, a mounting groove 22923 is machined on the adsorption surface 22921 of the adsorption plate 2292, and the adsorption material 22922 is embedded in the mounting groove 22923. This installation method can not only achieve reliable installation of the adsorption material 22922, but also does not increase the thickness of the adsorption plate 2292, making it easy for the adsorption plate 2292 to be installed on the adsorption shell 2291 by external insertion. The adsorption material 22922 specifically uses a material that can adsorb impurities, such as activated carbon, molecular sieve, aluminum oxide, etc. During the specific installation, the activated carbon is made into a block structure that matches the shape of the installation groove 22923 by pressing or other methods, and then embedded into the installation groove 22923.

[0349] Example 6

[0350] As shown in Figures 16 to 19, the centralized fire safety system provided in this embodiment is similar to the centralized fire safety systems in Examples 4 and 5. The difference from Example 4 is that the smoke treatment unit 240 of this embodiment includes at least one of a gas generating device 243, a smoke exhaust device 244, a liquid treatment device 241, and a solid treatment device 242.

[0351] The flue gas treatment unit 240 in this embodiment can use one of the gas generating device 243, the flue gas exhaust device 244, the liquid treatment device 241, the solid treatment device 242, and the flue gas cooling device 228 to treat the thermal runaway flue gas transported by the flue gas conveying unit 230, or can use a combination method to treat the thermal runaway flue gas transported by the flue gas conveying unit 230, for example, using the treatment method of the liquid treatment device 241 + the solid treatment device 242, or using the treatment method of the liquid treatment device 241 + the solid treatment device 242 + the gas generating device 243, as shown in Figure 16, or using the treatment method of the gas generating device 243 + the flue gas exhaust device 244, or can combine the above devices with the ignition device 245 in Example 4 to treat the thermal runaway flue gas transported by the flue gas conveying unit 230, for example, using the treatment method of the liquid treatment device 241 + the solid treatment device 242 + the ignition device 245, etc., as shown in Figure 19.

[0352] At the same time, this embodiment sets the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit 240 in an empty energy storage box 211. The energy storage box 211 can provide safety protection for the flue gas treatment unit 240 and increase its service life. At the same time, this setting makes the entire energy storage system easy to standardize and modularize, facilitates on-site management and maintenance, and is also aesthetically pleasing.

[0353] The gas generating device 243 in this embodiment generates flame-retardant gas and mixes the flame-retardant gas with the thermal runaway flue gas pre-treated by the first-level fire-fighting unit, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. Since the concentration of the mixed gas is relatively low, it is difficult for safety hazards such as combustion or explosion to occur when the mixed gas comes into contact with air.

[0354] As shown in Figures 16 and 17, the gas generating device 243 in this embodiment includes at least one gas generating tank, which includes a first tank body 2431, a second tank body 2432 and an air intake pipe 2433; the first tank body 2431 is provided with a gas outlet 2434 connected to its inner cavity; the second tank body 2432 is arranged in the first tank body 2431, and the second tank body 2432 is provided with an opening 2435, and an isolation member 2436 is installed on the opening 2435, and the isolation member 2436 is used to isolate the inner cavities of the first tank body 2431 and the second tank body 2432; the air intake pipe 2433 is mainly used to transport thermal runaway flue gas to the second tank body 2432. When the air intake pipe 2433 is installed, a through hole is provided at the top of the second tank body 2432, and the inlet end of the air intake pipe 2433 extends to the outside of the first tank body 2431, and the outlet end is connected to the inner cavity of the second tank body 2432. In addition, a second one-way valve 2437 is provided at the inlet of the air intake pipe 2433. The second one-way valve 2437 can suppress the thermal runaway flue gas in the second tank body 2432 so that the thermal runaway flue gas can smoothly open the isolation piece 2436 on the second tank body 2432. At the same time, the second one-way valve 2437 prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from flowing back and affecting other devices.

[0355] The first tank body 2431 contains a first reaction medium, and the second tank body 2432 contains a second reaction medium. The isolation piece 2436 is opened after the pressure in the second tank body 2432 reaches a set value. The first reaction medium and the second reaction medium come into contact and react to produce a flame-retardant gas. The flame-retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas are mixed and discharged through the gas outlet 2434 on the first tank body 2431. The proportion of combustible gas in the discharged mixed gas is greatly reduced, and it is difficult to burn or explode after contacting with air.

[0356] This embodiment does not limit the shape of the first tank body 2431; it may be rectangular, circular, or elliptical. Preferably, the first tank body 2431 is circular, as circular tanks have good pressure-bearing properties. The specific location of the gas outlet 2434 on the first tank body 2431 is not critical; it can discharge the mixed gas. To ensure smooth discharge of the mixed gas, the gas outlet 2434 is preferably located at the top of the first tank body 2431.

[0357] As shown in Figure 17, the second tank body 2432 is entirely placed within the first tank body 2431. Similarly, the shape of the second tank body 2432 is not limited and can be rectangular, circular, or oval. Similar to the first tank body 2431, the second tank body 2432 is also cylindrical. Furthermore, to facilitate manufacturing and installation, the second tank body 2432 adopts a cylindrical structure with an open bottom. During installation, the open bottom end is fixedly mounted to the bottom of the first tank body 2431 and sealed by the bottom plate of the first tank body 2431.

[0358] The above-mentioned second tank body 2432 has an opening 2435 connected to its inner cavity, and an isolation member 2436 is provided on the opening 2435. The isolation member 2436 can specifically be an isolation membrane or a pressure valve. The opening pressure of the isolation membrane or the pressure valve is relatively small. For example, the opening pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, and it can be opened in time when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through. The isolation membrane and the pressure valve are opened when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the second tank body 2432 reaches a certain value. At this time, the inner cavity of the first tank body 2431 and the inner cavity of the second tank body 2432 are connected through the opening 2435, so that the first reaction medium in the first tank body 2431 and the second reaction medium in the second tank body 2432 can contact and react through the opening 2435. When the above-mentioned isolation member 2436 is installed, it can be set at any position of the second tank body 2432, preferably at the top of the second tank body 2432. At this time, the thermal runaway flue gas and flame retardant gas in the second tank body 2432 can flow out of the second tank body 2432 very smoothly. If the isolation member 2436 is set on the side wall or bottom of the second tank body 2432, the thermal runaway flue gas and flame retardant gas may form pressure in the second tank body 2432 and cannot be discharged smoothly.

[0359] The thermal runaway flue gas enters the second tank body 2432 through the air intake line 2433, and the isolation piece 2436 is opened, so that the first reaction medium and the second reaction medium come into contact and react to produce a flame retardant gas. The flame retardant gas is specifically a non-flammable gas, which is used to dilute the combustible gas and reduce the concentration of the combustible gas when it is discharged, so that the content of the combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas is lower than its lower explosion limit, and finally achieves a non-flammable effect. The above-mentioned flame retardant gas may specifically include inert gases, carbon dioxide gas and other non-combustible gases. The best flame retardant gas is carbon dioxide gas, which can be obtained through reactions under relatively simple conditions and also has a certain fire extinguishing effect. At room temperature, carbon dioxide gas can be obtained through reactions of different liquid substances or solid substances. There are different placement methods according to the reaction principle: 1) the first reaction medium is water, and the second reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate and aluminum sulfate solid; 2) the first reaction medium is aluminum sulfate solution, and the second reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate solution; 3) the first reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate solution, and the second reaction medium is aluminum sulfate solid; 4) the first reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate solid, and the second reaction medium is aluminum sulfate solution; Among the above methods, the first reaction medium is water and the second reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate and aluminum sulfate solid, which is the best choice. This method is convenient for filling separately and can continue to maintain its effect after long-term placement.

[0360] As shown in Figure 18 , the flue gas exhaust device 244 in this embodiment includes a flue gas exhaust pipeline, which is primarily connected to the main flue gas line 231. Its length ensures that the thermal runaway flue gas maintains a safe distance from the energy storage device 210 after discharge. Even if the thermal runaway flue gas burns, this safe distance will not affect the energy storage device 210. Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit 240 in this embodiment only requires the flue gas exhaust pipeline, which is very cost-effective.

[0361] When the above-mentioned flue gas exhaust pipeline is specifically set up, its inlet is connected to the main flue gas pipeline 231, and the outlet is set in a safe area away from the energy storage system. When the flue gas exhaust pipeline is specifically set up, it can be made of a single pipeline with the main flue gas pipeline 231, or it can be made separately and then connected. The greater the safety distance between the outlet of the flue gas exhaust pipeline and the energy storage device 210, the better. Considering the production cost and space layout, the safety distance is generally greater than 30m as the best. At this time, even if the thermal runaway flue gas at the outlet of the flue gas exhaust pipeline burns, the open flame generated by the combustion will not affect the energy storage device at all, reducing the safety hazards caused by the combustion of the thermal runaway flue gas and improving the safety of the entire energy storage system.

[0362] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the liquid treatment device 241 is the same as that of the liquid pretreatment device 226 in Example 4. The specific structure of the solid treatment device 242 is the same as that of the solid pretreatment device 227 in Example 5, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0363] Example 7

[0364] As shown in Figure 12, the centralized fire safety system in this embodiment is similar to the centralized fire safety system in Examples 4 to 6. The difference is that the smoke pretreatment unit 220 in this embodiment also includes at least one safety device 223, and each safety device 223 includes a safety pipeline 2231 and a safety discharge part 2232.

[0365] As shown in Figure 12, the inlet of the safety pipeline 2231 is connected to the flue gas manifold 221, and the outlet is connected to the external environment or the flue gas delivery unit 230. The safety discharge part 2232 is provided on the safety pipeline 2231, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the explosion relief mechanism of the battery module 212. The safety device 223 is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2231 when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold 221 is too high, which creates a safety hazard. This prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from affecting the battery module 212 that has not experienced thermal runaway, or affecting the sealing of the connection of the flue gas manifold 221, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device 210 during use.

[0366] The above-mentioned safety discharge part 2232 can be specifically implemented by the following structure: first, an explosion-proof membrane or an explosion-proof valve is adopted; the explosion-proof membrane or the explosion-proof valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2231; second, a safety valve is adopted, and the safety valve can be opened under a set pressure; the safety valve can adopt a pressure valve, and the pressure valve can open automatically under a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the flue gas manifold 221 exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve automatically opens, and the reliability is high. In addition, the installation of the safety valve is also relatively convenient; third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are adopted; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold 221, and open the control valve when the gas pressure in the flue gas manifold 221 exceeds the threshold. The above-mentioned pressure measuring device can specifically adopt a pressure sensor, and the control valve is a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is connected to the pressure measuring device for signal connection, and the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the solenoid valve according to the pressure in the flue gas manifold 221.

[0367] If the flue gas pre-treatment unit 220 of each energy storage device does not have a safety device 223, the following problems may occur: First, if multiple battery modules 212 experience thermal runaway at the same time, the explosion relief mechanism 2126 of other battery modules 212 that have not experienced thermal runaway may be reversely opened due to excessive pressure of the flue gas caused by thermal runaway, affecting the battery modules 212 that have not experienced thermal runaway, causing safety hazards, or damaging the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold 221, causing the flue gas manifold 221 to leak. Leakage, resulting in a safety hazard; secondly, due to the existence of the first-level fire-fighting unit, the thermal runaway smoke cannot be discharged from the first-level fire-fighting unit in time, and the thermal runaway smoke gathers and is compressed in the smoke manifold 221. When the pressure is too high, the explosion relief mechanism 2126 of the battery module 212 is opened in the reverse direction, affecting the battery module 212 that has not experienced thermal runaway, resulting in a safety hazard, or damaging the seal at the connection of the smoke manifold 221, causing the smoke manifold 221 to leak, resulting in a safety hazard.

[0368] Based on this, the energy storage device 210 of this embodiment may further include at least one safety device 223. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold 221 is too high, the safety device 223 can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device 223, thereby avoiding the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure in the flue gas manifold 221 and improving the safety of the energy storage device 210.

[0369] Example 8

[0370] The centralized fire safety system in this embodiment is similar to the centralized fire safety systems in Embodiments 4 to 7, except that the centralized fire safety system in this embodiment further includes a secondary fire unit 224 .

[0371] As shown in Figures 20 and 21, each secondary firefighting unit 224 is correspondingly installed on each energy storage device and mainly includes a firefighting device 2241 and a firefighting pipeline 2242. The firefighting device 2241 stores fire extinguishing material, and the firefighting pipeline 2242 is used to transport the firefighting material in the firefighting device 2241 to the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210. The inlet of the firefighting pipeline 2242 is connected to the firefighting device 2241, and the outlet is located in the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210. At least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is installed on the firefighting pipeline 2242. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is installed at the top of the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle sprays the fire extinguishing agent to ensure that the fire extinguishing agent can cover all battery modules 212. The firefighting device 2241 stores a certain amount of fire extinguishing material, which specifically includes perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is provided at the outlet of the fire-fighting device 2241. This control valve is activated by the BMS or by a sensor installed in the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210. When activated by the sensor, the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector. These sensors monitor the environment inside the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210 in real time and open the control valve based on the detection data.

[0372] When thermal runaway occurs in the battery module 212, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway battery module can be drawn out and processed through the flue gas pre-treatment unit 220 to prevent its thermal diffusion. This prevents the thermal runaway of individual battery modules 212 from causing other battery modules or even the entire energy storage device 210 to explode due to thermal diffusion. At the same time, it can also prevent the dangerous accumulation of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a limited space. When thermal runaway flue gas exists in the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210, the secondary fire-fighting unit 224 is activated to spray the thermal runaway flue gas and the burning and exploding battery modules in the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210 with fire-extinguishing materials, further preventing the continued occurrence of thermal runaway. The above-mentioned flue gas pre-treatment unit 220 and the secondary fire-fighting unit 224 can cool down and extinguish the thermal runaway battery module according to the situation, greatly improving the safety of the energy storage device 210.

[0373] As shown in Figures 20 and 21 , the centralized fire safety system of this embodiment may also include three-level firefighting units 225. Each of these three-level firefighting units 225 is correspondingly disposed within each energy storage box and includes a fire sprinkler line 2251 and at least one water mist nozzle 2252 disposed on the fire sprinkler line 2251. The fire sprinkler line 2251 has an inlet for connecting to an external fire hose, and the water mist nozzle 2252 is disposed on the top of the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210. The fire sprinkler line 2251 can cooperate with the second-level firefighting unit 224 to extinguish a fire in multiple battery modules 212 if thermal runaway occurs and the fire intensifies. Alternatively, once the fire extinguishing agent in the second-level firefighting unit 224 is depleted, the third-level firefighting unit 225 can activate and continue extinguishing the fire in the battery modules 212, further enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device 210. In other embodiments, the flue gas pretreatment unit 220 may not be provided with the third-level fire-fighting unit 225; or, when the fire-extinguishing material in the second-level fire-fighting unit 224 is water, the third-level fire-fighting unit 225 is a fire-fighting water joint provided on the fire-fighting pipeline 2242, which is used to connect to an external fire-fighting water pipe.

[0374] The working principle of the flue gas pretreatment unit 220 is as follows: when the battery module 212 in the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210 is working normally, the flue gas pretreatment unit 220, the secondary fire protection unit 224 and the tertiary fire protection unit 225 are all not working. When a battery module 212 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module 212 is transported to the flue gas pretreatment unit 220 for treatment; when the flue gas manifold 221 leaks or the primary fire protection unit fails, there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box of the energy storage device 210, or the battery module 212 is in combustion, the flue gas is discharged to the flue gas pretreatment unit 220 for treatment. In case of burning or explosion, the secondary fire fighting unit 224 is activated, and the fire fighting device 2241 sprays fire extinguishing substances through the fire fighting pipe 2242. The fire extinguishing substances prevent the thermal runaway smoke from causing open flames, or the fire extinguishing substances are used to extinguish the battery modules that have already burned or exploded. If the secondary fire fighting unit 224 is actuated but still cannot control the fire, the tertiary fire fighting unit 225 is connected to the external fire fighting water and uses the water mist nozzle 2252 to extinguish the fire. Or, if multiple battery modules 212 are thermally runaway at the same time and the open flames are large, the secondary fire fighting unit 224 and the tertiary fire fighting unit 225 are activated at the same time to start extinguishing the fire.

[0375] Example 9

[0376] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, this embodiment provides an energy storage system comprising multiple energy storage devices 210 and the centralized fire safety system described in Examples 4 to 8. The number of energy storage devices 210 is determined based on demand. Each energy storage device 210 comprises an energy storage housing 211 and multiple battery modules 212 disposed within the housing. The multiple battery modules 212 are connected in series and parallel to meet the varying capacity requirements of the energy storage device 210. The centralized fire safety system includes a smoke pretreatment unit mounted on each energy storage device 210. The multiple energy storage devices 210 are arranged linearly in one or two rows, depending on the site environment. In this case, the multiple energy storage devices 210 can be arranged linearly in one or two rows, with the smoke treatment unit 240 positioned at the end. Alternatively, the multiple energy storage devices 210 can be arranged radially, with the smoke treatment unit 240 positioned at the center. Each smoke pretreatment unit is then connected to the smoke treatment unit 240 via a smoke delivery unit 230.

[0377] The battery module 212 can be a single cell, a pack, or a high-capacity battery. Single cells 2122 can be existing cylindrical or prismatic cells; a pack includes multiple single cells connected in parallel, in series, or in series. A high-capacity battery is formed by connecting multiple single cells in parallel, with the gas and electrolyte regions of each single cell 2122 interconnected via a shared chamber. For details on the structure of a high-capacity battery, see the large-capacity battery structures described in Chinese patents CN117477186A, CN117477063A, and CN115275453A.

[0378] As shown in Figure 22, the battery module 212 in this embodiment includes a housing 2121 and multiple single cells 2122. The multiple single cells 2122 are arranged in the same direction and placed inside the housing 2121. The single cells 2122 in this embodiment are prismatic cells, and the number can be adjusted according to actual needs. The internal cavity of each single cell 2122 includes an electrolyte region and a gas region. After multiple single cells 2122 are arranged in the same direction and placed in the shell 2121, avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the shell 2121 corresponding to the polarity terminals 2123 of each single cell 2122. The polarity terminals 2123 of each single cell 2122 extend out of the corresponding avoidance holes as the polarity terminals 2123 of the battery module (the polarity terminals of all single cells 2122 on one side serve as the positive polarity terminals of the battery module, and the polarity terminals of all single cells 2122 on the other side serve as the negative polarity terminals of the battery module). The top plate area of ​​the shell 2121 corresponding to the avoidance hole is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell 2122, so that the gap between the polarity terminal 2123 and the avoidance hole is sealed. Usually, a sealing connector can be used to achieve fixed sealing between the top plate area of ​​the shell and the shell of the single cell 2122. The sealing connector may include a hollow member (similar to a hollow tube), which is sleeved on the outside of the polarity terminal 2123 of the single cell 2122; the bottom of the hollow member is sealedly connected to the area around the polarity terminal 2123 of the upper cover of the single cell 2122, and the top of the hollow member is sealedly connected to the area of ​​the top plate of the shell corresponding to the avoidance hole. The sealed connection can be achieved by welding. It should be noted that the polarity terminal of the single cell 2122 here can be the pole of the single cell 2122. In order to avoid the pole of the single cell from being able to smoothly extend out of the avoidance hole as a polarity terminal, a pole adapter can also be connected to the pole of the single cell, and the overall structure of the pole of the single cell and the pole adapter can be used as the polarity terminal of the single cell.

[0379] The housing 2121 is provided with a shared cavity, the inner cavity of which is connected to the inner cavities of all the single cells 2122. Multiple single cells 2122 are placed in a housing 2121 having a shared cavity. The shared cavity is connected to the inner cavities of each single cell 2122 in the housing 2121, thereby reducing the differences between the single cells 2122 and improving the consistency between the single cells 2122 to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent. The shared cavity specifically includes the following:

[0380] The shared chamber within the housing 2121 may be an electrolyte shared chamber 2124. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 2124 is connected to the electrolyte areas within the inner cavities of all the individual cells 2122. Through the electrolyte shared chamber 2124, each individual cell 2122 is exposed to a unified electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte within each individual cell 2122 and improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module. It should be noted that the electrolyte shared chamber 2124 is an electrolyte storage chamber. Once connected to the electrolyte areas within the inner cavities of each individual cell 2122, it is necessary to ensure that the electrolyte in the entire battery module is not in contact with the external environment.

[0381] The shared chamber within the housing 2121 can be a gas-sharing chamber 2125. The inner cavity of the gas-sharing chamber 2125 communicates with the gas zones within the inner cavities of all the cells 2122. This gas-sharing chamber 2125 achieves gas balance within each cell 2122, thereby improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module. In this structure, the upper cover of each cell 2122 is provided with a gas port that penetrates the inner cavity of each cell 2122. The inner cavity of the gas-sharing chamber 2125 communicates with the gas zones within each cell 2122 through this port. Based on the gas-sharing chamber 2125, the gas zones of each cell 2122 can be connected to achieve gas balance.

[0382] The shared chamber can be a gas-liquid shared chamber, the inner cavity of which is connected to the electrolyte and gas areas of all the individual cells 2122. This shared chamber allows each individual cell 2122 to maintain a uniform electrolyte and gas environment, improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module. Specifically, a protrusion extending along the arrangement of the individual cells 2122 is provided on the side panel of the housing 2121. The gas-liquid shared chamber is formed at the protrusion and is connected to the electrolyte and gas areas of each individual cell 2122.

[0383] The shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 2124 and a gas shared chamber 2125. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 2124 communicates with the electrolyte region of all the cells 2122, and the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 2125 communicates with the gas region of all the cells 2122. The battery module places multiple cells 2122 within a housing 2121 having a shared chamber. The shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of each cell 2122 within the housing 2121, allowing the electrolyte and gas of each cell 2122 to be shared, thereby ensuring the consistency of each cell 2122. That is, the electrolyte and gas of each cell 2122 are connected, so that the electrolyte and gas of all cells 2122 are in the same system, reducing the differences between the cells 2122 and improving the consistency of the cells 2122 to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent.

[0384] The shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 2124 and a gas shared chamber 2125. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 2124 is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​the inner cavities of all the single cells 2122. The gas shared chamber 2125 is a gas channel located between the top plate of the housing 2121 and each single cell 2122. This gas channel covers the explosion venting membrane on the top of each single cell 2122. When the explosion venting membrane of any single cell 2122 is broken by the internal thermal runaway smoke, the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of the single cell 2122 is connected to the inner cavity of the gas chamber. The gas sharing chamber 2125 is used as an explosion relief channel, that is, during the normal operation of the battery module, the inner cavity of each single battery 2122 is not connected to the explosion relief channel. When any single battery 2122 suffers thermal runaway, the explosion relief membrane on the top of the single battery 2122 is opened by the internal cavity smoke, and the inner cavity of the single battery 2122 is connected to the explosion relief channel, and the thermal runaway smoke is discharged through the explosion relief channel, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0385] As shown in Figures 7, 8 and 22, in order to further improve the safety of the battery module 212 during use, an explosion relief mechanism 2126 is provided on the outer shell 2121 of each battery module 212, which is connected to the inner cavity of the outer shell 2121; the explosion relief mechanism 2126 specifically includes a pressure relief pipe and a pressure relief portion, the pressure relief pipe is connected to the explosion relief port of the outer shell 2121, and the pressure relief portion is provided on the pressure relief pipe or on the explosion relief port of the outer shell 2121. Among them, the pressure relief portion can specifically be an explosion relief membrane or an explosion relief valve. The explosion relief mechanism 2126 can ensure that when thermal runaway occurs in the battery module 212, the thermal runaway smoke inside it can be discharged smoothly, thereby avoiding safety hazards such as explosions in the pressure-bearing outer shell 2121 of the battery module 212.

[0386] One end of the explosion relief mechanism 2126 is connected to the shared chamber of the battery module 212, and the other end is connected to the primary manifold 2211. Specifically, the explosion relief mechanism 2126 is disposed on the housing 2121 and communicates with at least one of the electrolyte shared chamber 2124 and the gas shared chamber 2125. When the electrolyte sharing chamber 2124 and the gas sharing chamber 2125 are both connected to the explosion relief mechanism 2126, two groups of explosion relief mechanisms 2126 are provided on the outer shell 2121, and the two groups of explosion relief mechanisms 2126 are respectively connected to the electrolyte sharing chamber 2124 and the gas sharing chamber 2125. Subsequently, the two groups of explosion relief mechanisms 2126 are both connected to the same primary manifold 2211, or the two groups of explosion relief mechanisms 2126 are respectively connected to different primary manifolds 2211; this arrangement enables the battery module 212 to have two explosion relief channels. When any single cell 2122 has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke is discharged from different explosion relief channels, which can reduce the heat and thermal runaway smoke accumulated in the explosion relief channel and the single cell 2122 in a short time, thereby reducing the risk of explosion.

[0387] After the explosion relief mechanisms 2126 of each battery module are connected to the flue gas manifold 221, the thermal runaway flue gases of all battery modules are converged using the flue gas manifold 221. When thermal runaway occurs in a single battery 2122 in any battery module, its thermal runaway flue gases can be discharged through the flue gas manifold 221, reducing the spread of thermal runaway and preventing the thermal runaway flue gases of individual battery modules from spreading to the entire energy storage box and causing safety problems.

[0388] After the above-mentioned flue gas manifold 221 is connected to the explosion relief mechanism 2126 of each battery module 212, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module 212 in the energy storage device 210 is transported to the first-level fire protection unit 222. The first-level fire protection unit 222 pre-treats the thermal runaway flue gas. The pre-treated thermal runaway flue gas is then discharged to the flue gas treatment unit 240 through the flue gas transport unit 230 for treatment, thereby improving the safety of the entire energy storage system.

[0389] As shown in Figures 23 and 24, the present application also discloses another energy storage device, including an energy storage box 31, a fire safety system 32 and at least one battery pack assembly 33. The energy storage box 31 includes at least two functional compartments, which can be defined as an equipment compartment 311 and a battery compartment 312 according to their functions. A support frame 313 is provided in the battery compartment 312; part of the device of the fire safety system 32 is placed in the equipment compartment 311, and the battery pack assembly 33 is placed on the support frame 313 in the battery compartment 312. The fire safety system 32 includes a first-level fire unit 3020, and the first-level fire unit 3020 includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit 322. The smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly 33 to the smoke treatment unit 322, and the smoke treatment unit 322 is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke;

[0390] The battery pack assembly 33 includes a battery pack support frame 331, an explosion venting manifold 332, and n large-capacity battery assemblies connected in series and fixed to the battery pack support frame 331; wherein n is an integer greater than 1; each large-capacity battery assembly includes a large-capacity battery and a bracket assembly, and each large-capacity battery 3330 includes a shell 3331 and a plurality of single batteries 3332 arranged in the same direction in the shell 3331; the shell 3331 is provided with a shared chamber and an explosion venting pipe assembly 3335 connected to the shared chamber; The inner cavity of the sharing chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells 3332; the outer shell top plate 3341 is provided with avoidance holes 3338 corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell 3332; the polarity terminals of each single cell 3332 extend out of the avoidance holes 3338, and the area of ​​the outer shell top plate 3341 corresponding to the avoidance holes 3338 is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell 3332; the explosion venting manifold 332 is connected to the explosion venting pipe assembly 3335 of each large-capacity battery 3330, and the outlet end of the explosion venting manifold 332 is connected to the flue gas manifold. Each large-capacity battery assembly is fixed to the battery pack support frame via a bracket assembly, and the battery pack assembly is placed on the support frame within the battery compartment via the battery pack support frame.

[0391] It should be noted that the single cell polarity terminal described here can be a single cell pole. If, in order to avoid the single cell pole being unable to smoothly extend out of the avoidance hole as a polarity terminal or the height of the extended avoidance hole does not meet the set requirements, a pole adapter can also be connected to the single cell pole, and the overall structure of the single cell pole and the pole adapter can be used as the single cell polarity terminal.

[0392] The specific structures of the battery pack assembly 33, the fire safety system 32 and the energy storage box 31 and the coordination relationship among the three are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0393] Example 10

[0394] This embodiment is a battery pack assembly 33, and the specific structure can be seen in Figures 25 to 67. As shown in Figure 25, the battery pack assembly 33 of this embodiment includes a battery pack support frame 331, an explosion venting manifold 332, and 13 large-capacity battery assemblies 333 connected in series fixed to the battery pack support frame 331 (Figure 25 only schematically shows the two outermost large-capacity battery assemblies 333). In some other embodiments, the number of large-capacity battery assemblies 333 can be adjusted according to actual needs. The structure of the battery pack support frame 331 is shown in Figures 26 to 29. It can be seen from the figures that the battery pack support frame 331 of this embodiment is a rectangular frame. In order to facilitate the fixing of the large-capacity battery assembly 333 to the battery pack support frame 331, it can be seen from Figure 27 that the battery pack support frame 331 of this embodiment is designed as a split structure, including a U-shaped frame 3311 and a first beam 3312 fixed to the open end of the U-shaped frame 3311. The assembly of the large-capacity battery assembly 333 and the battery pack support frame is achieved through the open end of the U-shaped frame.

[0395] The U-shaped frame 3311 and the first beam 3312 can be fixedly connected via two connecting columns 3313. For ease of description, the present embodiment splits the U-shaped frame 3311 into three parts, which are defined as the second beam 33111 and the two third beams 33112 fixed at both ends of the second beam 33111 (the two third beams 33112 are the two opposite side beams in the U-shaped frame 3311); wherein the U-shaped frame 3311 can be a one-piece component, i.e., the second beam 33111 and the two third beams 33112 are one-piece components; the U-shaped frame 3311 can also be a split component, i.e., the second beam 33111 and the two third beams 33112 are independent components, which are later assembled into the U-shaped frame 3311 by welding or screwing.

[0396] To enhance the structural strength of the entire battery pack support frame 331, in this embodiment, the first beam 3312 and the second beam 33111 opposite the first beam 3312 are constructed of I-shaped steel (see Figures 27 and 28 ). The upper flange of the I-shaped steel serves as the fixing surface for the large-capacity battery assembly 333. The third beam 33112 is constructed of square steel. Furthermore, to facilitate assembly, this embodiment also includes rollers 3314 at the bottom of the third beam 33112, as shown in Figure 29 .

[0397] The first beam 3312 and the second beam 33111 can also be made of square steel. The supporting strength of square steel is relatively weak. In order to improve the supporting strength of the entire battery pack support frame 331, it is necessary to add a supporting structure in the middle of the frame. However, after adding the supporting structure, the distance between the large-capacity battery assemblies 333 on both sides of the supporting structure will be larger, which will lead to a lower energy density of the entire battery pack assembly.

[0398] In this embodiment, the first beam 3312 and the second beam 33111 are made of I-shaped steel, and the upper flange serves as the fixing surface for the large-capacity battery assembly 333. The upper flange is the maximum load-bearing surface of the I-shaped steel, which ensures that the entire battery pack support frame 331 has excellent support strength without the need for additional supporting structural members. This allows the gaps between all large-capacity battery assemblies 333 to be equal (with slight gaps), thereby improving the energy density of the entire battery pack assembly 33. In this embodiment, the inner space between the upper and lower flanges of the first beam 3312 is used as a space to accommodate the explosion-venting manifold 332. At the same time, a through hole is opened in the first beam 3312 to allow the outlet end of the explosion-venting manifold 332 to pass through (see Figure 56).

[0399] The structure of the large-capacity battery assembly 333 of this embodiment can be seen in Figures 30 to 65. Combined with Figures 30 to 33, it can be seen that the large-capacity battery assembly 333 of this embodiment includes a large-capacity battery 3330 and a bracket assembly 3339. The large-capacity battery 3330 includes a housing 3331 and individual cells 3332 arranged within the housing 3331. The individual cells 3332 in this embodiment are prismatic batteries, numbering 13. In other embodiments, the number and type of individual cells 3332 can be adjusted based on actual needs. The internal cavity of each individual cell 3332 includes an electrolyte region and a gas region.

[0400] In this embodiment, a shared electrolyte chamber 3333 is provided along the x-direction on the housing bottom plate 3340. The interior of the shared electrolyte chamber 3333 communicates with the electrolyte areas within each of the individual cells 3332. A shared gas chamber 3334 is provided along the x-direction on the housing top plate 3341. The shared gas chamber 3334 covers the gas ports at the tops of each of the individual cells 3332.

[0401] It should be noted that the gas port here includes the following two meanings: 1) A gas port is a through hole directly opened on the upper cover of a single cell and penetrating the inner cavity of the single cell; in this case, the inner cavity of the gas-sharing chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of each single cell through the gas port. Based on the gas-sharing chamber, the gas areas of each single cell can be connected to achieve gas balance, so that the gas of each single cell is shared to ensure the consistency of each single cell, which to a certain extent improves the cycle life of the large-capacity battery; when any single cell experiences thermal runaway, the smoke in the inner cavity of the single cell enters the gas-sharing chamber and is discharged through the gas-sharing chamber, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery. 2) A gas port is an explosion-proof vent or explosion-proof vent set on the upper cover of the single cell, and an explosion-proof membrane is provided at the explosion-proof vent or explosion-proof vent; in this case, the gas-sharing chamber is used as an explosion-proof channel. When the explosion-proof membrane at the gas port of any single cell is broken by the internal smoke, the inner cavity of the single cell and the gas-sharing chamber are connected, and the internal smoke is discharged through the gas-sharing chamber, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0402] In some other embodiments, only an electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 or a gas sharing chamber 3334 may be provided, or a gas-liquid sharing chamber may be provided along the x-direction on the side wall of the outer shell 3331 (parallel to the xz plane), and the inner cavity of the gas-liquid sharing chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​the inner cavity of each single battery 3332.

[0403] Figure 33 shows an exploded view of the housing 3331 of this embodiment. The housing 3331 is disassembled into a barrel assembly 3113 with open ends and an end plate assembly 3114 covering the open ends of the barrel assembly 3113. The structure of the barrel assembly 3113, as shown in Figure 34, includes a barrel 31131 and two bosses 31132 that form a shared electrolyte chamber 3333. The barrel 31131 has open ends. The two bosses 31132 are located on the inner bottom surface of the barrel 31131, have the same length as the barrel 31131, extend along the x-direction, and are arranged in the y-direction. The top surfaces of the bosses 31132 serve as support surfaces for the individual cells 3332. In the y-direction, a liquid channel is formed between the two bosses 31132, serving as the shared electrolyte chamber 3333. The barrel assembly 3113 can be integrally formed using an aluminum extrusion process.

[0404] In some other embodiments, the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 can also be directly formed on the bottom plate of the cylinder, and the bottom plate of the cylinder is raised in the direction away from the top plate of the cylinder 31131; or a pipe section is set on the outside of the bottom plate of the cylinder, and the inner cavity of the pipe section is used as the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 (through holes need to be opened in the tube wall and the bottom plate of the cylinder).

[0405] In some other embodiments, the shell 3331 includes a cylinder with upper and lower openings and an upper cover and a lower cover respectively covering the upper and lower open ends of the cylinder; the electrolyte sharing chamber is arranged on the lower cover, and the gas sharing chamber is arranged on the upper cover; the lower cover and the cylinder can also be an integral part.

[0406] Figures 35 to 38 illustrate the structure of the end plate assembly 3114 of this embodiment. The assembly comprises a first end plate 31141 and a second end plate 31142, which are parallel to each other. First support ribs 31143 are disposed between the first and second end plates 31141, 31142 to form a gas channel 31144. As can be seen from the figures, this embodiment includes two first support ribs extending in the z-direction and arranged in the y-direction. Gas channel 31144 is formed between the first end plate 31141, the second end plate 31142, and the two first support ribs 31143. In the z-direction, the dimensions of the two first support ribs 31143 are the same as those of the second end plate 31142. Gas channel 31144 extends in the z-direction, with the upper end serving as the gas inlet and the lower end serving as the gas outlet. This outlet communicates with a first through-hole 31148 provided in the first end plate 31141.

[0407] In some other embodiments, one or more first support ribs 31143 may be provided between the first end plate 31141 and the second end plate 31142 , as long as a structurally stable gap is formed between the first end plate and the second end plate as a gas channel 31144 .

[0408] When a single first support rib 31143 is used, it can extend along the z-direction and, in the y-direction, be located between the first end plate 31141 and the second end plate 31142. However, compared to this embodiment, its structural stability is weaker. When two or more first support ribs 31143 are used, they can extend along the z-direction and be evenly spaced in the y-direction. This provides greater structural strength than this embodiment, but at the expense of higher processing costs.

[0409] In some other embodiments, the second end plate 31142 can be fixed to the first end plate 31141 by screws. It should be noted that in order to ensure that a gas channel 31144 is formed between the second end plate 31142 and the first end plate 31141, the length of the screw in the x-direction should be greater than the gap between the second end plate 31142 and the first end plate 31141, and less than the distance between the inner surface of the second end plate 31142 and the outer surface of the first end plate 31141 (the surface closest to each single cell 3332 is defined as the inner surface). The screw head passes through the second end plate 31142 and is connected to the first end plate 31141. In order to enable the end plate assembly 3114 to function as a whole and better squeeze each single cell 3332, this embodiment provides a gasket between the second end plate 31142 and the first end plate 31141, and the screw head passes through the second end plate 31142 and the gasket and is connected to the first end plate 31141 in sequence to avoid the gap between the second end plate 31142 and the first end plate 31141 becoming smaller or even disappearing when squeezing the single cell 3332.

[0410] In this embodiment, the end plate assembly 3114 is an integral part, that is, the first end plate 31141, the second end plate 31142 and the first support rib 31143 are an integral part, which can be integrally processed and formed using an aluminum extrusion process. Compared with separate parts, it has a stable structure and a lower processing cost.

[0411] In order to ensure that all the thermal runaway smoke enters the gas channel 31144, in the y direction, the distance between the two first support ribs 31143 is preferably larger than the size of the gas sharing chamber 3334, that is, the size of the air inlet end of the gas channel 31144 is larger than the size of the air outlet end of the gas sharing chamber 3334; when any single cell 3332 experiences thermal runaway, the smoke in the inner cavity of the single cell enters the gas sharing chamber 3334, and after being ejected from the gas sharing chamber 3334, it can all enter the gas channel, push open the explosion relief pipe assembly 3335 fixed at the first through hole 31148 of the first end plate 31141, and be discharged.

[0412] As shown in Figure 33, the end plate assembly 3114 of this embodiment is fixed to at least one open end of the above-mentioned cylinder assembly 3113, and the other open end can be sealed with another end plate assembly 3114. The difference between the other end plate assembly 3114 and the above-mentioned end plate assembly 3114 is that the first through hole 31148 is not provided on the first end plate 31141.

[0413] For ease of description, the first end plate 31141 in this embodiment is divided into three regions according to different sealing objects, and the three regions are defined as a first sub-end plate 31145, a second sub-end plate 31146, and a third sub-end plate 31147, as shown in Figure 36. The first sub-end plate 31145 is used to seal the open end of the gas-sharing chamber of the large-capacity battery 3330. The shape of the first sub-end plate 31145 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the gas-sharing chamber. The area of ​​the first sub-end plate 31145 can be slightly larger than the area of ​​the open end of the gas-sharing chamber and fixed to the open end of the gas-sharing chamber by fusion welding. The area of ​​the first sub-end plate 31145 can also be slightly smaller than the area of ​​the open end of the gas-sharing chamber and fixed to the open end of the gas-sharing chamber 3334 by insert welding.

[0414] The second sub-end plate 31146 is used to seal the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 of the large-capacity battery 3330. The shape of the second sub-end plate 31146 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333. The area can be slightly larger than the area of ​​the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333, and it is fixed to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 by welding; the area can also be slightly smaller than the area of ​​the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333, and it is fixed to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 by embedding welding.

[0415] The third sub-end plate 31147 is used to seal the open end of the cylinder 31131 of the large-capacity battery 3330. The shape of the third sub-end plate 31147 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the cylinder 31131. The area can be slightly larger than the area of ​​the open end of the cylinder 31131, and it is fixed to the open end of the cylinder 31131 by welding; the area can also be slightly smaller than the area of ​​the open end of the cylinder 31131, and it is fixed to the open end of the cylinder 31131 by embedding welding.

[0416] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first sub-end plate 31145, the second sub-end plate 31146 and the third sub-end plate 31147 are an integral part. In some other embodiments, a split structure may be adopted. However, compared with the integral structure, firstly, its processing procedure is more complicated. Secondly, since the sub-end plates need to be connected to each other, each connection part is a weak part or a leak-prone point, which leads to weak sealing of the entire shell 3331.

[0417] A first through hole 31148 is defined in a region of the first end plate 31141 corresponding to the second sub-end plate 31146 or the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333. As can be seen in FIG31 , in this embodiment, a portion of the first through hole 31148 is located on the second sub-end plate 31146, and another portion is located on the third sub-end plate 31147. The explosion relief tube assembly 3335 is welded to the first through hole 31148 (see FIG31 ).

[0418] In combination with Figure 37, it can be seen that the shape of the second end plate 31142 of this embodiment is compatible with the shape of the third sub-end plate 31147. On the yz plane, the positive projection of the second end plate 31142 is located on the third sub-end plate 31147, and the projection area is less than or equal to the third sub-end plate 31147, avoiding the second end plate 31142 blocking the first through hole 31148.

[0419] In some other embodiments, when the second end plate 31142 is larger in size along the z direction, fixing it to the third sub-end plate 31147 may block the first through hole 31148, resulting in the gas channel 31144 or the electrolyte shared chamber 3333 being unable to communicate with the explosion-proof pipe assembly 3335. In order to solve this problem, a through hole or notch that passes through the first through hole 31148 can be opened in the second end plate 31142 to ensure that the first through hole 31148 is connected to the electrolyte shared chamber 3333 or the gas channel 31144.

[0420] The end plate assembly 3114 is secured to the open end of the cylinder assembly 3113 and, in conjunction with the vent tube assembly 3335, seals the open end of the cylinder 31131 while also sealing the open ends of the gas-sharing chamber 3334 and the electrolyte-sharing chamber 3333. The gas passage 31144 on the end plate assembly 3114 connects the gas-sharing chamber 3334 and the electrolyte-sharing chamber 3333. When thermal runaway occurs in any single cell 3332, the smoke from its internal cavity rushes out of the gas port and passes through the gas-sharing chamber 3334 and gas passage 31144, pushing open the vent tube assembly 3335 and out through it.

[0421] When the gas sharing chamber 3334 serves as the explosion relief channel 3343, the first through hole 31148 is located in the first end plate 31141 area opposite the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333. The first through hole 31148 also serves as the operating port of the unpacking device. The unpacking device extends into the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 through the first through hole 31148 to unpack each single battery 3332, so that the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 and the electrolyte area of ​​the inner cavity of each single battery 3332 are connected (when opening the package, the unpacking device extends into the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 through the first through hole 31148 to open the sealing film sealed at the opening of the lower cover plate of each single battery 3332. The specific sealing film can adopt the sealing film disclosed in Chinese patents CN218525645U and CN218525614U). In addition, the first through hole 31148 can also serve as a liquid injection port. After the electrolyte area in the inner cavity of each single cell 3332 is connected to the electrolyte shared chamber 3333, the electrolyte can be re-injected into the inner cavity of each single cell 3332 and the electrolyte shared chamber 3333 through the first through hole 31148 to ensure the continuity of the electrolyte. After the injection is completed, the explosion relief tube assembly 3335 is sealed and welded to the second sub-end plate 31146 and the third sub-end plate 31147 around the first through hole 31148. Compared to separately opening the first through hole 31148, the operating port or the liquid injection port of the package opening device in the end plate assembly 3114, the overall structural strength of the end plate assembly 3114 is higher, the structure is simple, and it is easy to process.

[0422] A second through hole 31149 can also be opened in the area of ​​the first end plate 31141 corresponding to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 3334. After liquid is injected through the second through hole 31149, the continuity of the electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 and the inner cavity of each single cell 3332 can also be ensured. After the injection is completed, the sealing plate is sealed in the first sub-end plate 31145 and the partial area of ​​the third sub-end plate 31147 around the second through hole 31149.

[0423] When the gas sharing chamber 3334 is used as the gas sharing chamber 3334, this embodiment can also open a second through hole 31149 in the first end plate 31141 area corresponding to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 3334. As can be seen from Figure 30, in this embodiment, the second through hole 31149 is located on a partial area of ​​the first sub-end plate 31145 and the third sub-end plate 31147, and the second through hole 31149 is used as a liquid injection port. Electrolyte can be injected into the gas sharing chamber 3334 through the second through hole 31149 to dissolve the sealing film sealed at the top opening of each single cell 3332 (the sealing film disclosed in Chinese patents CN218525645U and CN218525614U can be used. When injecting liquid, the entire large-capacity battery 3330 can be inverted to allow the sealing film to fully dissolve), so that the gas sharing chamber 3334 and the inner cavity of each single cell 3332 are connected; at the same time, after the large-capacity battery 3330 is placed upright and liquid is injected through the second through hole 31149, the continuity of the electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 and the inner cavity of each single cell 3332 can be ensured. After the injection is completed, the sealing sheet is sealed in the first sub-end plate 31145 and the partial area of ​​the third sub-end plate 31147 around the second through hole 31149.

[0424] As shown in FIG38 , this embodiment can also include a third end plate 31150. The third end plate 31150 is closely attached to the inner surface of the second end plate 31142 (the surface of the second end plate 31142 closest to the cells 3332 is defined as the inner surface). By adjusting the x-axis dimension of the third end plate 31150, all cells 3332 are clamped in the x-axis, improving the stability of each cell 3332 within the inner cavity of the housing 3331. This also prevents swelling of each cell 3332, which could lead to reduced cycling performance of the large-capacity battery 3330. Furthermore, the use of this third end plate 31150 can further prevent the impact of thermal runaway fumes on the outermost cells 3332.

[0425] It should be noted that after adding the third end plate 31150, it is still necessary to ensure the connectivity of the gas sharing chamber 3334, the gas channel 31144, the electrolyte sharing chamber 3333 and the explosion-proof pipe assembly 3335. This can be achieved by reducing the size of the third end plate 31150 in the z direction so that it does not block the first through hole 31148, or by opening a through hole or a gap in the corresponding part of the third end plate 31150 and the first through hole 31148.

[0426] As shown in Figures 32, 33, and 34, in this embodiment, escape holes 3338 are provided on the top plate of the cylinder 31131 (top plate 3341 of the outer shell) to allow the polarity terminals of each single cell 3332 to extend. Each polarity terminal of each single cell 3332 extends out of the corresponding escape hole 3338, and the outer shell 3331 area surrounding the escape hole 3338 is securely sealed to the shell of the single cell 3332. Conversely, if a cylinder with upper and lower openings is used, escape holes 3338 are required on the upper cover plate to allow the polarity terminals of each single cell 3332 to extend out. In this embodiment, a sealing connector 318 is used to securely seal the outer shell 3331 area surrounding each escape hole 3338 with the shell of the single cell 3332.

[0427] In some other embodiments, when the sizes of the individual cells 3332 in the z direction are similar, the avoidance hole 3338 can be sealed by directly welding the area of ​​the housing top plate 3341 around the avoidance hole 3338 to the upper cover plate of the corresponding individual cell 3332 .

[0428] However, when the dimensions of each single cell 3332 in the z direction have large deviations, if it is necessary to ensure that the lower cover plates of each single cell 3332 are in the same horizontal plane, the upper cover plates of each single cell 3332 will have uneven heights, resulting in gaps between the upper cover plates of some individual single cells 3332 and the top plate 3341 of the outer shell, which may cause cold welds between the top plate 3341 of the outer shell and the upper cover plates of the single cell 3332 during welding, or even the problem of being unable to weld. In order to solve this problem, it is possible to consider using a sealing connector 318 to achieve sealing of the avoidance hole 3338.

[0429] The sealing connector 318 may include a hollow member 3181 (similar to a hollow tube), which is sleeved onto the outside of the polarity terminals of the single cell 3332. The bottom of the hollow member 3181 is sealed to the area surrounding the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single cell 3332, and the top of the hollow member 3181 is sealed to the area of ​​the housing top plate 3341 surrounding the avoidance hole 3338. The sealed connection can be achieved by riveting or welding (welding is preferred to ensure the sealing performance of the connection). The area of ​​the housing top plate 3341 surrounding the avoidance hole 3338 is the outer surface area of ​​the housing top plate 3341 surrounding the avoidance hole 3338; ​​or it can be the wall of the avoidance hole 3338.

[0430] However, in actual processing and application, the following problems have been discovered: 1. When welding the bottom of the hollow member 3181 to the area around the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single cell 3332, some of the upper covers of the single cells 3332 are easily damaged, resulting in the scrapping of the single cells 3332; 2. The areas around the polarity terminals on the upper cover of some single cells 3332 may not be welded due to the presence of other structures; 3. Even if no damage is visible during processing, in actual application, when individual single cells 3332 in the large-capacity battery 3330 equipped with the above-mentioned sealing connector 318 experience thermal runaway, thermal runaway fumes may leak from the connection area around the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single cell 3332. Therefore, if multiple large-capacity batteries 3330 are assembled into an energy storage device, when thermal runaway occurs, thermal runaway fumes may leak from the welded areas around the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single cell 3332 and spread, posing a certain safety hazard. To address this issue, the high-capacity battery 3330 was disassembled after thermal runaway. It was discovered that cracks had formed in the connection area around the polarity terminals on the cover of the single cell 3332 (the connection area with the bottom of the sealing connector 318) where thermal runaway occurred. Analysis revealed that this phenomenon occurred due to a weak area around the polarity terminals on the cover of the single cell 3332. If the connection area fell within this weak area, the aforementioned problem would occur. The reason for this is that the welding process damages this weak area, making it unable to withstand the pressure of thermal runaway. When thermal runaway occurs, cracks form, causing the thermal runaway smoke to leak from this area.

[0431] Based on this, this embodiment considers optimizing the structure of the sealing connector 318, mainly adjusting the size and shape of the bottom open end 31811 of the hollow component 3181, so that the bottom open end 31811 of the hollow component 3181 covers the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 3332 in the positive projection of the upper cover of the single cell 3332; thereby ensuring that when welding the bottom of the hollow component 3181 and the surrounding area of ​​the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 3332, the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 3332 can be avoided, thereby avoiding damage to the weak area during the welding process.

[0432] It should be noted that: 1. The size, location, and shape of the corresponding weak areas of battery cells produced by different manufacturers vary. Therefore, when manufacturing the sealing connector 318, this embodiment first needs to determine the size, location, and shape of the weak areas of the battery cells 3332. The size and shape of the bottom open end 31811 of the hollow member 3181 are adjusted for the battery cells 3332 produced by different manufacturers. 2. In this embodiment, areas that are easily damaged by welding, areas that cannot be welded, or areas where welding reduces pressure-bearing performance are referred to as weak areas.

[0433] FIG39 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sealing connector 318 according to this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the sealing connector 318 according to this embodiment includes a hollow member 3181, which can also be referred to as a hollow tube. Both ends of the hollow member 3181 are open. For ease of description, one open end is defined as the bottom open end 31811, and the other open end is defined as the top open end 31812.

[0434] The bottom of the hollow member 3181 is used to sealably connect with the first area of ​​the cell 3332. The first area referred to herein is the area surrounding the weak area on the upper cover of the cell 3332. To achieve this sealable connection between the bottom of the hollow member 3181 and the first area of ​​the cell 3332, the orthographic projection (orthographic projection area) of the open bottom end 31811 of the hollow member 3181 on the upper cover of the cell 3332 in this embodiment covers the weak area surrounding the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the cell 3332. It should be noted that in this case, the orthographic projection (orthographic projection area) of the open bottom end 31811 of the hollow member 3181 on the upper cover of the cell 3332 necessarily covers the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the cell 3332.

[0435] During welding, the hollow member 3181 can be first positioned on the upper cover of the single cell 3332. The position of the hollow member 3181 can be adjusted so that the orthographic projection of the open end 31811 of the hollow member 3181 on the upper cover of the single cell 3332 covers the weak area around the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single cell 3332. Then, the bottom of the hollow member 3181 and the upper cover of the single cell 3332 can be welded. Because the two welded surfaces are perpendicular to each other, the reliability and sealing of the weld may be relatively weak.

[0436] In order to solve this problem, as shown in Figures 40 and 41, the bottom plate 3182 can be fixed to the open end 31811 at the bottom of the hollow component 3181, and a through hole 31820 can be opened on the bottom plate 3182. The size of the through hole 31820 needs to ensure that the polarity terminal of the single battery 3332 can pass through, and the bottom plate 3182 is welded to the outer area of ​​the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single battery 3332.

[0437] The size and shape of through-hole 31820 can be determined based on the size and shape of the weak area of ​​the cell 3332. As can be seen from the figure, in this embodiment, through-hole 31820 is waist-shaped, and the corresponding weak area of ​​the cell 3332 is also waist-shaped. Preferably, the orthographic projection of through-hole 31820 on the upper cover of the cell 3332 covers the weak area surrounding the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the cell 3332. Thus, when welding the bottom plate 3182 to the upper cover of the cell 3332, the weld area is necessarily located outside the weak area. The bottom plate 3182 can be fixed to the open bottom end 31811 of the hollow member 3181 by welding, or the bottom plate 3182 and the hollow member 3181 can be processed into a single piece. Compared to separate pieces, a single piece has lower processing costs and also offers greater structural stability.

[0438] In some other embodiments, as shown in Figure 42, a second annular plate 3183 can be fixedly mounted on the outer side of the bottom of the hollow member 3181, and the second annular plate 3183 can be welded to the peripheral area of ​​the weak area around the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single battery 3332. Because the positive projection of the open end 31811 of the bottom of the hollow member 3181 on the upper cover of the single battery 3332 covers the weak area around the polarity terminals on the upper cover of the single battery 3332, the second annular plate 3183 is located on the outer side of the bottom of the hollow member 3181, and its inner diameter must be larger than the diameter of the open end 31811 of the bottom of the hollow member 3181. In this way, when the second annular plate 3183 is welded to the upper cover of the single battery 3332, the welding part must be located in the peripheral area of ​​the weak area. The second annular plate 3183 can be fixed to the open end 31811 at the bottom of the hollow component 3181 by welding, or the second annular plate 3183 and the hollow component 3181 can be processed into an integral part by an integrated processing method. Compared with separate parts, the processing cost of the integral part is lower, and it also has higher structural stability.

[0439] The top of the hollow member 3181 is used to seal and connect with the area of ​​the housing top plate 3341 surrounding the avoidance hole 3338. In this embodiment, the size and shape of the open end 31812 at the top of the hollow member 3181 are mainly related to the shape of the avoidance hole 3338. For example, the avoidance hole 3338 of the large-capacity battery 3330 to which the hollow member 3181 is adapted in this embodiment is a circular hole, so the open end 31812 at the top of the hollow member 3181 is circular, and its diameter is slightly smaller than that of the avoidance hole 3338. In this embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the hollow member 3181 is used to tightly fit with the wall of the avoidance hole 3338, and the hollow member 3181 and the avoidance hole 3338 are welded and sealed by laser welding. The welding area between the hollow member 3181 and the avoidance hole 3338 is between the outer edge of the top of the hollow member 3181 and the inner edge of the wall of the avoidance hole 3338.

[0440] As shown in Figure 43, it is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion of the large-capacity battery 3330 of this embodiment. In order to clearly illustrate the connection position between the sealing connector 318 and the upper cover of the single battery 3332 and the top plate 3341 of the outer shell around the avoidance hole 3338, three states are shown in Figure 43. At position a, the bottom plate 3182 of the sealing connector 318 and the outer area of ​​the weak area of ​​the upper cover are welded and sealed; at position b, the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332 is located in the avoidance hole 3338, and the welding of the sealing connector 318 has not been completed; at position c, the single battery 3332 is not installed in the corresponding part of the avoidance hole 3338, and the structure of the avoidance hole 3338 can be clearly displayed.

[0441] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG44 (unlike FIG39 , the through hole 31820 on the bottom plate 3182 of the sealing connector 318 is a circular hole), a first annular plate 3184 may be fixedly mounted on the outside of the top of the hollow member 3181, and the first annular plate 3184 may be welded and sealed to the second region of the housing 3331; the second region being the outer surface region of the housing top plate 3341 surrounding the avoidance hole 3338. The first annular plate 3184 may be fixed to the open end 31812 of the top of the hollow member 3181 by welding.

[0442] As can also be seen in Figure 43, the polarity terminal in this embodiment comprises a single cell 3332 pole 3336 and a pole adapter 3337. The following details the structure of the pole adapter 3337. As shown in Figures 32 and 43, the polarity terminal in this embodiment comprises a single cell 3332 pole 3336 and a pole adapter 3337. The pole adapter 3337 connected to the positive or negative pole has the same structure. This embodiment uses the pole adapter 3337 connected to the positive pole as an example, as shown in Figures 45 and 46. As can be seen in the figures, the pole adapter 3337 in this embodiment comprises a pole adapter body 31221 and an electrical connection post 31222.

[0443] The pole adapter body 31221 is a rectangular block. In some other embodiments, the pole adapter body 31221 can also be cylindrical. Metal materials with good electrical and thermal conductivity, such as silver, copper, and aluminum, can be used for the pole adapter body 31221. However, aluminum is generally used for the pole adapter body 31221 due to cost considerations and electrical and thermal conductivity.

[0444] In this embodiment, the electrical connection column 31222 is a cylinder fixed to the bottom of the pole adapter body 31221 , and the cross section of the cylinder is adapted to the cross section of the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332 ; the connection is made to the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332 through the electrical connection column 31222 .

[0445] To facilitate connection between the electrical connection post 31222 and the terminal 3336 of the single battery 3332, this embodiment defines a first hole 31226 in the terminal adapter body 31221. This first hole 31226 can be a blind hole. The bottom of the blind hole is welded to the terminal 3336 of the single battery 3332 to achieve connection. To eliminate welding stress, a third through-hole 31227 can be defined at the bottom of the blind hole, extending through it. Alternatively, the first hole 31226 can be configured as a stepped hole, with the larger hole closer to the top surface of the terminal adapter body 31221 and the smaller hole closer to the bottom surface, as shown in FIG46.

[0446] Considering the fact that hollow conductors have weaker conductivity than solid conductors due to different conduction cross-sections, this embodiment allows for a conductive post to be secured within the first hole 31226 after the terminal adapter 3337 is connected to the terminal 3336 of the single cell 3332, thereby improving the conductivity of the terminal adapter body 31221. The first hole 31226 can be round, square, or otherwise shaped; to match the shape of the terminal 3336, a round hole is preferred in this embodiment. The conductive post is shaped to match the first hole 31226, forming a cylinder. Its outer diameter can be slightly larger than the diameter of the first hole 31226, and it is connected to the first hole 31226 with an interference fit. To facilitate its securement within the first hole 31226, a chamfer can be provided on the end face of the conductive post. The height of the conductive post can be the same as or slightly smaller than the depth of the first hole 31226; this embodiment does not impose any restrictions on the height of the conductive post. The material of the conductive post is the same as that of the pole adapter body 31221 .

[0447] In this embodiment, after the electrical connection column 31222 is added to the pole adapter body 31221, there is no need for the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332 to extend out of the corresponding avoidance hole 3338. Instead, the electrical connection column 31222 of the pole adapter 3337 is extended into the avoidance hole 3338 to connect with the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332 located in the inner cavity of the cylinder 31131. Therefore, during the assembly process, there is no need to add a support between the bottom of the single battery 3332 and the bottom plate of the cylinder, thereby simplifying the preparation process of such large-capacity batteries 3330.

[0448] As shown in Figures 45 and 46 , this embodiment features a clamping portion on the pole adapter body 31221 for mounting a heat transfer tube 3342. After constructing a high-capacity battery 3330 using cells 3332 equipped with this type of pole adapter 3337, the heat transfer tube 3342 is installed in the clamping portion of the pole adapter 3337. Heat concentrated on the pole 3336 is transferred from the pole adapter 3337 to the heat transfer tube 3342, where it is then dissipated. Similarly, if the ambient temperature is too low and the cells 3332 may not start properly, an external temperature control device can use the heat transfer tube to raise the temperature of each cell 3332.

[0449] The clamping portion can be a through hole or slot 3123 opened on the pole adapter body 31221. The through hole or slot 3123 extends along the x-direction and penetrates both ends of the pole adapter body 31221. The size of the through hole or slot 3123 needs to ensure that the heat transfer tube 3342 is tightly clamped therein to ensure installation stability while also ensuring the heat transfer effect between the heat transfer tube 3342 and the pole adapter 3337. Compared to through-holes, if the number of battery cells 3332 in a group is large, the heat transfer tube 3342 is more easily secured within the through-slot 3123. Furthermore, when the heat transfer tube 3342 is made of a metal material such as a copper tube or heat pipe, the through-slot 3123 makes it easier to ensure close contact between the heat transfer tube 3342 and the wall of the through-slot 3123 (this can be achieved by squeezing the copper tube or heat pipe through the opening of the through-slot 3123 using external tooling). The cross-section of the through-slot 3123 can be designed to be U-shaped or C-shaped. When the through-slot 3123 is connected to the first hole 31226, the conductive post within the first hole 31226 also enhances thermal conductivity, allowing for better heat exchange between the post 3336 and the heat transfer tube 3342.

[0450] The present application can also lay an insulating sealant on the top plate 3341 of the housing to prevent condensation generated by the heat transfer tube 3342 from seeping into the battery interior and causing a short circuit. Therefore, it is considered to pour the insulating sealant on the entire pole adapter 3337 of the large-capacity battery 3330.

[0451] The following two issues need to be considered: 1. The electrical connection problem of the pole adapter 3337; 2. The problem of glue overflow on the top surface of the pole adapter 3337 during the glue injection process: Regarding issue 1, it can be overcome in the following way: by optimizing the structure of the above-mentioned pole adapter 3337, an electrical connection part 31223 is added to the pole adapter 3337, and it is ensured that no glue is injected on the electrical connection part 31223, which is used to connect with the electrical connector; the electrical connector described here is a connector for realizing the series connection of two large-capacity batteries; it can also be a connector for connecting the large-capacity battery to an external load. Regarding issue 2, it can be overcome in the following way: a glue blocking structure is added to the pole adapter; the glue blocking structure can be part of the electrical connection part.

[0452] As shown in Figures 45 and 46 , the pole adapter 3337 of this embodiment further includes an electrical connector 31223, which is used to connect to external electrical connectors and prevent insulating sealant from escaping from the top surface of the pole adapter 3337. In this embodiment, the electrical connector 31223 is integrally formed with the pole adapter body 31221. In the x-direction, the electrical connector 31223 and the pole adapter body 31221 have equal dimensions. The electrical connector 31223 is an inverted L-shaped plate. The vertical plate 31225 of the inverted L-shaped plate is parallel to the xz plane and is fixed to the edge of the pole adapter 3337's top surface extending in the x-direction. This prevents insulating sealant from escaping from the edge of the pole adapter 3337's top surface extending in the x-direction. The transverse plate 31224 is parallel to the xy plane and is used to connect to external electrical connectors. In some cases, the transverse plate 31224 can also serve as a direct electrical connector.

[0453] As can be seen from FIG. 47 , the heat transfer tube 3342 of this embodiment is generally U-shaped and is a split component, comprising a first tube 3161, a second tube 3162, and a connecting tube 3163. The first tube 3161 is fixed within the clamping portion of the heat transfer tube 3342 at the positive terminal of each single cell 3332. The second tube 3162 is fixed within the clamping portion of the heat transfer tube 3342 at the negative terminal of each single cell 3332. Both ends of the connecting tube 3163 are respectively connected to ports on the same side of the first tube 3161 and the second tube 3162.

[0454] In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 3342 is a split structure, which is easier to manufacture than a one-piece heat transfer tube 3342. Furthermore, since the heat transfer tube 3342 needs to be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery cells 3332, the split heat transfer tube 3342 is more easily insulated than a one-piece heat transfer tube 3342. Specifically, the heat transfer tube 3342 can be constructed in the following ways: First, both the first tube 3161 and the second tube 3162 of the heat transfer tube 3342 are flexible insulating tubes, and the connecting tube 3163 can be a metal tube or a flexible tube, connected via a quick-connect connector. The heat transfer medium in this heat transfer tube 3342 is water or a fluorinated liquid. In the second type, both the first and second tubes 3161, 3162 of the heat transfer tube 3342 are aluminum tubes, and the connecting tube 3163 can be a metal tube or a flexible tube. The first and second tubes 3161, 3162, and the connecting tube 3163 are connected by an insulated quick-connect fitting. The heat transfer medium in this heat transfer tube 3342 is a fluorinated liquid. In the third type, both the first and second tubes 3161, 3162 of the heat transfer tube 3342 are aluminum tubes with an insulating layer on their walls. The connecting tube 3163 is a flexible insulating tube connected to the first and second tubes 3161, 3162 via a quick-connect fitting. The heat transfer medium in this heat transfer tube is water or a fluorinated liquid. In the fourth type, the first tube 3161 and the second tube 3162 of the heat transfer tube 3342 are aluminum tubes with an insulating layer on the tube wall. The connecting tube 3163 is a flexible insulating tube connected to the first tube 3161 and the second tube 3162 via a clamp. The heat transfer medium in this heat transfer tube 3342 is water or fluorinated liquid. In the fifth type, the first tube 3161 and the second tube 3162 of the heat transfer tube 3342 are aluminum tubes with an oxide layer on the tube wall and an insulating sleeve on the tube wall. The connecting tube 3163 is a flexible insulating tube connected to the first tube 3161 and the second tube 3162 via a clamp. The heat transfer medium in this heat transfer tube is water or fluorinated liquid.

[0455] It should be noted that to ensure effective heat conduction, the thinner the aluminum tube wall, the better. However, if the aluminum tube wall is too thin, it will be relatively soft and easily bend and break during installation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the aluminum tube wall thickness is preferably 0.5mm to 1mm. This thickness provides good heat conduction performance while maintaining reliable installation, avoiding the risk of bending and damage associated with thinner aluminum tube walls. In actual use, the diameter of the aluminum tube is generally around 10mm to 20mm.

[0456] In the heat transfer tube 3342 of this embodiment, an insulating layer or oxide layer is formed on the wall of the aluminum tube, forming an integral structure with the aluminum tube. This can be achieved in the following ways: First, a ceramic coating (i.e., a high-temperature electrical insulating coating) is formed on the wall of the aluminum tube to form the insulating layer. The ceramic coating can specifically be boron nitride, aluminum oxide, or copper fluoride. However, the insulating layer formed by this method is prone to detachment and has high processing costs. Second, a layer of insulating material (such as insulating varnish) is coated on the wall of the aluminum tube to form the insulating layer. This method is easy to process and implement, and has low processing costs. Third, the aluminum tube is oxidized to form the insulating layer. Oxidation is a process that uses a chemical reaction between the metal surface and oxygen to form an oxide film, thereby improving the metal surface's insulation properties. For example, electrochemical oxidation methods can be used. Specifically, the aluminum tube is oxidized to form a hard oxide layer. The insulating layer formed by this method is not easily detached and has relatively good insulation properties. The thicker the hard oxide layer formed by oxidation, the better the insulation properties, but its thermal conductivity will be reduced. In this embodiment, the thickness of the hard oxide layer is preferably 20 um to 50 um. The hard oxide layer of this thickness ensures the insulation performance while also making the tube wall of the aluminum tube have better heat conduction performance.

[0457] The insulating sleeve can be made of an insulating material with good thermal conductivity, ensuring both excellent thermal conductivity and good insulation. In this embodiment, the insulating sleeve is made of a thermally conductive plastic or rubber sleeve, such as a thermally conductive silicone sleeve, with excellent insulation and thermal conductivity. The thickness of the insulating sleeve is preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm, ensuring both excellent insulation and good thermal conductivity. The insulating sleeve can have a circular, U-shaped, or C-shaped cross-section, as long as it can fit over the insulating aluminum tube and insulate the contact between the aluminum tube and the polarity terminals of the battery cells 3332. The insulating sleeve's cross-section is preferably the same as that of the aluminum tube, ensuring a tight fit and improving the tube's thermal conductivity. In other embodiments, an oxide layer or an insulating sleeve can be applied directly to the aluminum tube wall, resulting in a relatively simpler structure.

[0458] The high-capacity battery 3330 of this embodiment may also include a pressure plate 319. As shown in Figures 48 and 50, the pressure plate 319 cooperates with the pole adapter 3337 to achieve parallel connection between the individual batteries 3332 and to securely press the heat transfer tube 3342 into the through-slot 3123 of the pole adapter 3337. As shown in Figure 50, the pressure plate 319 specifically includes a pressing portion 3191 and a fixing portion 3192. The bottom of the pressing portion 3191 is an arc-shaped surface, which is used to cooperate with the through-slot 3123 on the pole adapter 3337 to press the heat transfer tube 3342 into the through-slot 3123. The fixing portions 3192 are provided on both sides of the pressing portion 3191 to secure the pressure plate 319 to the top of the pole adapter 3337.

[0459] As shown in Figure 50, the pressing portion 3191 in this embodiment is a curved plate of uniform wall thickness, while the fixing portion 3192 is a flat plate. The curved plate and the flat plates on either side are integrally formed, making this structure easy to manufacture and process, as well as to install. During manufacture, the pressing plate 319 can be stamped from a single sheet of sheet metal or formed in a single step by extrusion. Furthermore, the thickness of the pressing plate 319 is generally 0.5 mm to 1 mm, ensuring secure installation while ensuring strong mounting.

[0460] The fixing portion 3192 in this embodiment is provided with a screw hole 31921 connected to the pole adapter 3337, so that the pressure plate 319 is connected to the polarity terminal by screws. The screw connection method is easier to connect than other welding, riveting or bonding methods, and the structure is simpler. More preferably, the screw hole 31921 in this embodiment can be set to a long strip shape. In addition, a notch 31922 extending along the y direction can be opened in the area of ​​the fixing portion 3192 corresponding to each pole adapter 3337, which can compensate for the dimensional error when multiple single cells 3332 are connected in parallel, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection.

[0461] The insulating sealant layer of the large-capacity battery 3330 in this embodiment includes a first sub-insulating sealant layer and a second sub-insulating sealant layer; the first sub-insulating sealant layer is an insulating sealant layer with a temperature resistance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas, and is arranged in the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery 3332 and the avoidance hole 3338; ​​the second sub-insulating sealant layer has a lower temperature resistance than the first sub-insulating sealant layer, and is laid on the top plate 3341 of the shell and covers the pole adapter body 31221 and the heat transfer tube 3342.

[0462] A first sub-insulating sealant layer is injected into the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 3 and the avoidance hole (i.e., the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell and the sealing connector 318, i.e., area d shown in FIG32 ). After curing, a first sub-insulating sealant layer is formed, wherein the first sub-insulating sealant layer is an insulating sealant with a temperature resistance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas. Generally, its temperature resistance needs to be higher than 320°C and can exist continuously and stably. Generally, an electronic device potting compound with a temperature resistance higher than 320°C can be selected, such as an epoxy potting compound with a temperature resistance higher than 320°C.

[0463] When the polarity terminal of the single battery 3332 is the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332, or the polarity terminal of the single battery 3332 is the integral structure of the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332 and the pole adapter 3337, the first sub-insulating sealant layer is located in the gap between the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332 and the avoidance hole 3338. The first sub-insulating sealant layer is in direct contact with the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332. Firstly, it can protect and fix the pole 3336 of the single battery 3332. Under the protection and fixation of the first sub-insulating sealant layer, when thermal runaway occurs, the pole 3336 of the single cell 3332 is not easy to fall off or cracks are generated between the pole 3336 and the upper cover of the single cell 3332, thereby preventing the thermal runaway smoke from leaking from the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 3332 and the avoidance hole 3338; ​​secondly, the first sub-insulating sealant layer can also play the role of sealing the gap between the polarity terminal of the single cell 3332 and the avoidance hole 3338, further improving the sealing of the avoidance hole 3338 part of the outer shell 3331.

[0464] During long-term use, due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat transfer tube 3342, condensation will be generated on the surface. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it will penetrate into the gap between the polarity terminal and the avoidance hole 3338, causing the polarity terminal to be electrically conductive with the shell 3331, which may cause a short circuit in the same single battery 3332.

[0465] Because this embodiment pours a first sub-insulating sealant into the gap between the polarity terminal and the avoidance hole 3338, even if condensation occurs, the first sub-insulating sealant layer prevents the condensation from penetrating the gap between the pole 3336 and the avoidance hole 3338, thereby preventing the battery from short-circuiting. However, pouring the first sub-insulating sealant only in this area exposes the heat transfer tube 3342 to the external environment, and condensation will still form on its surface, causing the large-capacity battery 3330 to become damp, causing certain safety issues. Therefore, to completely solve this problem, this embodiment also lays a second sub-insulating sealant layer on the top plate 3341 of the housing; this completely covers the main body of the heat transfer tube 3342, making this type of large-capacity battery 3330 more secure. It should be noted that the electrical connector 31223 of the polarity terminal of each single battery 3332 (in this embodiment, the transverse plate 31224 of the electrical connector 31223) needs to extend beyond the second sub-insulating sealant layer for connection to the electrical connector. The liquid inlet and outlet ends of the heat transfer tube 3342 also need to extend beyond the second sub-insulating sealant layer for connection to the liquid cooling equipment. The electrical connector can be a connector for connecting two large-capacity batteries 3330 in series or for connecting the large-capacity battery 3330 to an external load.

[0466] Furthermore, the second sub-insulating sealant layer also serves the following two functions: 1. Because it completely encases the heat transfer tube 3342, it also secures or positions the heat transfer tube 3342 to a certain extent, improving its stability on the high-capacity battery 3330. 2. Because the second sub-insulating sealant layer is laid on the housing top plate 3341 and covers the heat transfer tube 3342, it improves the flatness of the top structure of the high-capacity battery 3330. In this embodiment, the second sub-insulating sealant is typically a commonly used battery potting compound, such as a silicone thermally conductive potting compound, which provides excellent sealing, insulation, vibration resistance, heat dissipation, and waterproofing.

[0467] In other embodiments, the second sub-insulating sealant can be the same as the first sub-insulating sealant, and a first sub-insulating sealant layer can be formed by a single injection process in the gaps between the polarity terminals of the single battery cells 3332 and the avoidance holes 3338, as well as in the housing top plate 3341. However, compared to this embodiment, the amount of the first sub-insulating sealant used is larger, and generally, the cost of the first sub-insulating sealant is higher than that of the second sub-insulating sealant. Consequently, the cost of this type of high-capacity battery 3330 is higher than that of the high-capacity battery 3330 of this embodiment.

[0468] An insulating protective cover 317 may also be provided on the top of the large-capacity battery 3330. In this embodiment, part of the structure of the insulating protective cover 317 is used as a glue injection mold. After the glue injection is completed, there is no need to demold. At the same time, the bonding strength between the insulating protective cover 317 and the top of the large-capacity battery 3330 can be improved. In addition, if the pole adapter 3337 is directly exposed to the external environment, there will be a major safety hazard during use due to the pole adapter 3337 being charged. Therefore, providing an insulating protective cover 317 on the top of the large-capacity battery 3330 can also provide insulation protection for the pole adapter 3337, avoiding the potential safety hazards of the pole adapter 3337 being exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery 3330, and also avoiding the problem of some foreign matter from the external environment falling into the position of the pole adapter 3337 and causing the large-capacity battery 3330 to short-circuit, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 3330.

[0469] To facilitate glue injection, as shown in Figures 51 and 52 , this embodiment employs a split-body design for the insulating shield 317, comprising an insulating frame 3101 and an insulating cover 3102 covering the insulating frame 3101. The lower end of the insulating frame 3101 engages with the top of the high-capacity battery 3330 and is secured thereto by screws or adhesive. The upper end of the insulating frame 3101 engages with the insulating cover 3102. A notch 31922 is defined at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame 3101 parallel to the xz plane. This notch 31922 cooperates with the insulating cover 3102 to form a slit 3103. A channel 3343 for the heat transfer tube 3342 to extend is provided on the side wall of the insulating frame 3101 parallel to the yz plane.

[0470] In this embodiment, a part of the structure of the insulating frame 3101 is used as a glue injection mold to prevent the insulating sealant from overflowing from the housing top plate 3341 .

[0471] During assembly, generally, the insulating frame 3101 can be first fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery 3330, and then glue can be injected. Under the obstruction of the insulating frame 3101, the insulating sealant will not overflow from the shell top plate 3341. After the glue layer is cured, the electrical connector is connected to the pole adapter 3337, and then the insulating cover 3102 is fixed to the upper end of the insulating frame 3101. As shown in Figure 53, the insulating frame 3101 of this embodiment includes a second insulating frame 3104 and an insulating bottom plate 3105 fixed to the second insulating frame 3104 away from the insulating cover 3102. The insulating bottom plate 3105 is provided with avoidance holes 3338 for the electrical connection posts 31222 corresponding to each pole adapter. The size of the avoidance holes 3338 for the electrical connection posts 31222 should be large enough to allow the electrical connection posts 31222 on the pole adapter to pass through, but the pole adapter body 31221 cannot pass through. In addition, the first sub-insulating sealant may be injected into the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery and the avoidance hole 3338 through the avoidance hole 3338 of the electrical connection column 31222 .

[0472] For the rectangular block-shaped pole adapter 3337, partitions 3107 can also be set around the avoidance holes 3338 of each electrical connection column 31222 to form each pole adapter 3337 accommodating cavity. After the insulating frame 3101 is fixed on the top of the large-capacity battery 3330, the electrical connection column 31222 of each pole adapter 3337 passes through the avoidance holes 3338 of the electrical connection column 31222 and the avoidance holes 3338 on the outer shell top plate 3341 to be connected with the pole 3336 of each single battery 3332. There is a fourth gap between the side wall of the pole adapter 3337 accommodating cavity parallel to the xz plane and the side surface of the pole adapter 3337 parallel to the xz plane, as shown in area e in Figure 54. Glue is injected into the glue injection space through the fourth gap. In order to further facilitate glue injection, a corresponding glue injection groove 3109 can also be opened at the position of the pole adapter 3337 corresponding to the fourth gap.

[0473] It should be noted that when the top plate 3341 of the outer shell is provided with a gas sharing chamber 3334, a second chamber 3110 can be set on the insulating bottom plate 3105 as a accommodating chamber for the gas sharing chamber 3334, as shown in Figure 53, that is, the gas sharing chamber 3334 is located in the second chamber 3110.

[0474] As shown in Figures 55 and 56, the explosion-proof pipe assembly 3335 of the large-capacity battery 3330 of this embodiment includes a first explosion-proof component 3310 and a second explosion-proof component 3320; wherein the first explosion-proof component 3310 includes a first hollow tube 33110, which is provided with an explosion-proof membrane inside and is used to connect with the outer shell 3331. In order to fix it at the first through hole 31148 of the outer shell 3331, this embodiment provides an annular plate on the outer wall of one end of the first hollow tube 33110, and the annular plate is sealed to the first through hole 31148 around by friction welding; the second explosion-proof component 3320 is a three-way pipe, whose first interface 3321 is sealed to the first explosion-proof component 3310, and the second interface 3322 and the third interface 3323 are respectively used to connect with the flexible pipe section 34 constituting the explosion-proof manifold 332 (see Figure 57). The first interface 3321 is the joint of the vertical tube of the tee (the tube section parallel to the x direction in FIG56 ), and the second interface 3322 and the third interface 3323 are the joints at both ends of the horizontal tube of the tee (the tube section parallel to the y direction in FIG56 ).

[0475] The first interface 3321 can be connected to the first explosion relief member 3310 by threading, welding, or interference fit. In this embodiment, a union tee is used, where a union nut is connected to one end of the vertical tube of the tee as a union joint. External threads are provided on the outer wall of the end of the first explosion relief member 3310 that connects to the second explosion relief member 3320. The union joint of the second explosion relief member 3320 is threadedly connected to the external threads on the outer wall of the first explosion relief member 3310. The union joint allows for convenient direct connection to the first explosion relief member 3310. A sealing gasket is provided at the free end of the first explosion relief member 3310 to ensure a sealed connection.

[0476] During assembly, each tee is fixed on the corresponding first explosion-proof component 3310 to form a large-capacity battery 3330 with an explosion-proof tube assembly 3335. Then, multiple large-capacity batteries 3330 are arranged in a set direction. Finally, the two adjacent tees are connected using a flexible tube section 34, as shown in Figures 57 and 58 (Figure 58 only schematically shows the two outermost large-capacity batteries 3330).

[0477] Because this embodiment uses a spliced ​​explosion-venting manifold 332, and the intermediate connecting pipe 3163 is a flexible pipe section 34, the deformation of the flexible pipe section 34 can compensate for installation errors of the explosion-venting pipe assembly 3335 and spacing deviations of the large-capacity batteries 3330, thereby reducing the difficulty of installing the explosion-venting manifold 332. It should be noted that to further improve safety, the explosion-venting manifold 332 and the large-capacity batteries 3330 should be insulated. For example, a flexible pipe section 34 and / or a tee made of an insulating and high-temperature resistant (thermal runaway flue gas temperature) material can be used. An insulating pipe section can also be added between the first explosion-venting pipe and the tee.

[0478] In this embodiment, a second hollow tube 33120 is added between the first explosion relief pipe and the tee, as shown in Figure 59. Second hollow tube 33120 is a high-temperature resistant insulating tube, at least partially made of insulating material. It primarily insulates the explosion relief manifold 332 from the large-capacity batteries 3330. This second hollow tube 33120 ensures insulation between the explosion relief manifold 332 and the large-capacity batteries 3330 at the end of the large-capacity batteries 3330.

[0479] It should be noted that at least part of its structure should be made of insulating material, mainly including the following two structures: 1. The overall structure of the second hollow tube 33120 is made of insulating material; 2. The main structure of the second hollow tube 33120 can be a metal tube, and a film layer made of insulating material is coated on its entire surface.

[0480] After thermal runaway occurs, the battery temperature rises dramatically, reaching over 500°C. If the selected insulating material is not stable at this temperature, the following problems may arise: a. If the entire structure of the second hollow tube 33120 is made of such insulating material, the sealing of the connection between the second hollow tube 33120, the first hollow tube 33110, and the tee cannot be guaranteed, causing the thermal runaway smoke to leak. More seriously, if the second hollow tube 33120 becomes molten due to the high temperature, it may block the explosion vent or the explosion vent manifold 332, causing an even more serious safety accident. b. If the entire surface of the second hollow tube 33120 is coated with a film made of insulating material, if the film melts or deforms, the thermal runaway smoke may leak from the connection between the second hollow tube 33120, the first hollow tube 33110, and the tee, and the insulation performance of the second hollow tube 33120 may also be damaged. Based on the above issues, the insulating material selected in this embodiment should also possess certain high-temperature resistance to ensure its performance remains stable even when thermal runaway occurs. Commonly used high-temperature insulating materials are ceramics. This embodiment directly uses ceramic pipes as the second hollow pipe 33120, which is relatively cost-effective and simple to process. For example, ceramic materials such as cubic boron nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, aluminum oxide, and silicon carbide can be used.

[0481] In other embodiments, a high-temperature resistant insulating coating may be sprayed on the surface of the metal pipe to form the second hollow pipe 33120. The high-temperature resistant insulating coating may be a phosphate-based inorganic binder coating, a plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating, etc. However, compared to this embodiment, the cost and processing are more complicated.

[0482] The structure of the bracket assembly 3339 of the large-capacity battery assembly 333 of this embodiment is shown in Figure 60. As can be seen from the figure, this embodiment adopts two mutually parallel support ribs 32110 as the support member 321; and adopts an L-shaped plate as the L-shaped bracket 3220. In some other embodiments, the number of support ribs 32110 can be adjusted according to actual needs. The first plates of the two L-shaped plates (plates parallel to the yz plane) serve as the first bracket 3221, which are respectively connected to the ends on the same side of the two support ribs. The second plates of the two L-shaped plates (plates parallel to the xy plane) serve as the second bracket 3222, which are respectively used to fix the frame relative to the battery cluster support frame. The first plate and the second plate can be an integral part or a separate part.

[0483] To coordinate with the bracket assembly, this embodiment defines a channel 3343 along the x-direction within the boss 31132 of the barrel assembly 3113 (see FIG34 ). A support rib 32110, which is longer than the housing 3331 and has a cross-section that matches that of the channel 3343, is inserted into the channel 3343, ensuring that both ends of the support rib 32110 extend beyond the ends of the channel 3343 (see FIG30 ). The support rib 32110 can be solid or hollow, and its cross-section preferably matches that of the channel 3343. For example, it can have a rectangular cross-section, a trapezoidal cross-section, or other polygonal cross-sections, which are not listed here.

[0484] As shown in Figure 61, this embodiment uses a relatively simple rectangular cross-section support rib 32110. Therefore, the corresponding channel 3343 is also preferably rectangular in cross-section. Using rectangular cross-section support rib 32110 to support the large-capacity battery 3330 provides better support stability. Furthermore, as can be seen in Figure 61, this embodiment's support rib 32110 is hollow, facilitating connection to the L-shaped plate.

[0485] To ensure the support strength of the support ribs 32110, this embodiment uses metal as the material for the support ribs 32110. A thermoplastic tube can be placed over the support ribs 32110 to insulate the support ribs 32110 from the large-capacity batteries 3330. In other embodiments, the support ribs 32110 can be made directly from insulating materials, but this makes it more difficult to ensure support strength compared to this embodiment. During assembly, the support ribs 32110 must first be inserted into the channels 3343, and then L-shaped plates must be secured to the ends of the support ribs 32110 extending out of the channels 3343. Therefore, in this embodiment, the support ribs 32110 and the L-shaped plates are separate components.

[0486] As can be seen from Figure 62, in this embodiment, a connecting rod 3224 extending along the x-direction is provided on the first plate (first bracket 3221) of the L-shaped plate for connection to the support rib 32110. Corresponding positioning holes 3226 are provided on the support rib 32110 and the connecting rod 3224. During assembly, the support rib 32110 is inserted into the channel 3343, and then the connecting rod 3224 is inserted into the support rib 32110. The two are fixed together by screws or pins inserted into the positioning holes 3226. In other embodiments, the connecting rod 3224 can be connected to the support rib 32110 by welding. However, to increase energy density, a smaller distance is required between the first plate and the large-capacity battery 3330, resulting in a smaller operating space and greater welding difficulty. In other embodiments, the support rib 32110 and the L-shaped plate can be integrally formed, so that the large-capacity battery 3330 can be directly placed on the support rib 32110 for support. Accordingly, to improve support stability, the number of support ribs 32110 can be increased.

[0487] As can also be seen in Figure 62, this embodiment provides a hollowed-out portion on the first plate. The portions on either side of the hollowed-out portion are ...

Claims

1. A fire safety system, characterized in that: It includes a first-level fire-fighting unit and a second-level fire-fighting unit; the first-level fire-fighting unit includes a smoke manifold and a first smoke treatment device, the smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke of the battery to the first smoke treatment device for treatment; the first smoke treatment device includes an ignition device for igniting the thermal runaway smoke; the second-level fire-fighting unit includes a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipeline; the fire-fighting device contains fire-extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipeline is used to transport the fire-fighting substances in the fire-fighting device into the energy storage box.

2. The fire safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a three-level fire-fighting unit, which includes a fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire-fighting water pipe.

3. The fire safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the fire-fighting pipeline, and the fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the top of the energy storage box.

4. The fire safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage box is provided with a sensor, and the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a smoke detector, and a gas sensor.

5. The fire safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A battery compartment and a fire fighting compartment are provided in the energy storage box, at least part of the fire fighting pipeline and the smoke manifold are located in the battery compartment, the fire fighting device is provided in the fire fighting compartment, and the ignition device is provided on the top outside of the fire fighting compartment.

6. The fire safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a second flue gas treatment device arranged between the flue gas manifold and the first flue gas treatment device, and the second flue gas treatment device includes at least one of an adsorption device and a cooling device.

7. The fire safety system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes at least one safety device, each safety device includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the pipeline on the outlet side of the second flue gas treatment device, or the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the battery explosion venting part.

8. The fire safety system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ignition device includes a flue gas pipeline, an igniter and a burner; the inlet of the flue gas pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, and the outlet is connected to the burner, which is used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas to the burner; the burner includes a combustion shell and a porous structure; the combustion shell is a box structure with one end open; the porous structure is arranged at the open end of the box; the igniter is arranged on the combustion shell, which is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

9. A centralized fire safety system for an energy storage system, wherein the energy storage system comprises a plurality of energy storage devices, characterized in that: The centralized fire safety system includes a smoke pretreatment unit, a smoke delivery unit, and a smoke treatment unit; the smoke pretreatment unit is provided on each energy storage device and is used to pretreat the thermal runaway smoke generated after the thermal runaway of the battery module in the energy storage device; the smoke delivery unit is used to centrally deliver the thermal runaway smoke pretreated by each smoke pretreatment unit to a smoke treatment unit; The flue gas treatment unit is used to centrally reprocess the thermal runaway flue gas pretreated by each flue gas pretreatment unit.

10. The centralized fire safety system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The flue gas pretreatment unit includes a flue gas manifold and a first-level fire-fighting unit. The flue gas manifold transports the thermal runaway flue gas generated by thermal runaway of each battery module in the energy storage device to the first-level fire-fighting unit. The first-level fire-fighting unit includes at least one of a flue gas cooling device and an adsorption filtering device.

11. The centralized fire safety system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The adsorption and filtration device includes a liquid pretreatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The first to M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

12. The centralized fire safety system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The flue gas pretreatment unit also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment or the flue gas conveying unit; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is lower than the opening pressure of the explosion relief mechanism of the battery module in the energy storage device.

13. The centralized fire safety system according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that: It also includes a secondary fire-fighting unit arranged in the energy storage box, which includes a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipeline; the fire-fighting device contains fire-extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipeline is used to transport the fire-fighting substances in the fire-fighting device to the energy storage box of the energy storage equipment.

14. The centralized fire safety system according to claim 13, characterized in that: It also includes a three-stage fire-fighting unit arranged in the energy storage box, which includes a fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire-fighting water sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire-fighting water pipe.

15. The centralized fire safety system according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that: The flue gas conveying unit includes a flue gas main line and multiple flue gas branch lines, each flue gas branch line is connected to each flue gas pretreatment unit and the flue gas main line respectively, and is used to convey the thermal runaway flue gas in each flue gas pretreatment unit to the flue gas main line; the flue gas main line gathers the thermal runaway flue gas in the multiple flue gas branch lines into the flue gas treatment unit, and the flue gas branch line is provided with a first one-way valve that allows the thermal runaway flue gas to flow in one direction. At the same time, the flue gas branch line is provided with a suction device that draws the thermal runaway flue gas into the flue gas main line.

16. The centralized fire safety system according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a gas generation device, a flue gas exhaust device or an ignition device.

17. The centralized fire safety system according to claim 16, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first to M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

18. The centralized fire safety system according to claim 16, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit is arranged in an empty energy storage box.

19. An energy storage device, characterized in that: The invention comprises an energy storage box, a plurality of batteries and the fire safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the plurality of batteries are arranged in the energy storage box, and the smoke manifold is used to be connected to the explosion relief part of each battery.

20. The energy storage device according to claim 19, characterized in that The energy storage box is provided with at least one exhaust window.

21. An energy storage device, characterized in that: It includes an energy storage box, a fire safety system, and at least one battery pack assembly; the energy storage box includes an equipment compartment and a battery compartment, and a support frame is provided in the battery compartment; the fire safety system includes a first-level fire unit, which includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke; At least part of the structure of the flue gas treatment unit is placed in the equipment compartment; the battery pack assembly includes a battery pack support frame, an explosion venting manifold, and n large-capacity battery assemblies connected in series fixed to the battery pack support frame; where n is an integer greater than 1; each large-capacity battery assembly includes a large-capacity battery and a bracket assembly, and the large-capacity battery includes a housing and a plurality of single cells arranged in the housing along the same direction; The outer shell is provided with a shared chamber and an explosion-proof pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the top plate area of the outer shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; the explosion-proof manifold is connected to the explosion-proof pipe assembly of each large-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion-proof manifold is connected to the flue gas manifold; wherein, each large-capacity battery assembly is fixed to the battery pack support frame through the bracket assembly, and the battery pack assembly is placed on the support frame in the battery compartment through the battery pack support frame.

22. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that The shared chamber is an electrolyte shared chamber, and the electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte area of each single battery.

23. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that The shared chamber is a gas shared chamber, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas area of each single battery.

24. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte area of each single battery, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas area of each single battery.

25. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of each single cell. The gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the shell and each single cell. The gas channel covers the explosion venting part of each single cell. When the explosion venting part of any single cell is broken through by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and gas channel of the single cell are connected.

26. The energy storage device according to claim 22, 24 or 25, characterized in that: The shell includes a cylinder assembly with two open ends and an end plate assembly covering the two open ends of the cylinder assembly; the electrolyte sharing chamber is located at the bottom of the cylinder assembly and is a liquid channel extending along the x direction.

27. The energy storage device according to claim 26, characterized in that The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder and two bosses arranged on the bottom surface of the cylinder, which have the same length as the cylinder and extend in the x-direction and are arranged in the y-direction. The top surface of the boss is the support surface of each single battery. In the y-direction, a liquid channel is formed between the two bosses, which serves as a shared chamber for the electrolyte.

28. The energy storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that The end plate assembly includes a first end plate and a second end plate; a first through hole is provided on the first end plate; the first end plate is used to cooperate with the explosion relief mechanism fixed at the first through hole to seal the open end of the gas sharing chamber, the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber and the open end of the cylinder of the large-capacity battery; the second end plate is parallel to the first end plate and there is a gap between the two, and the gap serves as a gas channel; the gas channel extends along the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is used to communicate with the gas sharing chamber, and the air outlet end of the gas channel is connected to the first through hole; in the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is higher than the air outlet end of the gas channel.

29. The energy storage device according to claim 28, characterized in that The end plate assembly further includes a third end plate tightly attached to the inner surface of the second end plate.

30. The energy storage device according to claim 29, characterized in that The large-capacity battery also includes 2n sealing connectors; the outer shell area around each avoidance hole is fixedly sealed to the single cell shell by a sealing connector; the sealing connector includes a hollow member that is sleeved on the outside of the polarity terminal of the single cell, and the orthographic projection of the open end of the bottom of the hollow member on the upper cover of the single cell covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover of the single cell; The bottom of the hollow component and the peripheral area of the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow component and the top plate area of the shell around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed.

31. The energy storage device according to claim 30, characterized in that The sealing connector also includes a bottom plate fixed to the open end of the bottom of the hollow component; a through hole is opened on the bottom plate; the through hole covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover of the single cell through its orthographic projection on the upper cover of the single cell; the bottom plate is used for welding and sealing with the peripheral area of the weak area.

32. The energy storage device according to claim 31, characterized in that The polarity terminal includes a pole adapter fixed on the pole of the single cell; the pole adapter includes a block-shaped pole adapter body and an electrical connection post fixed on the pole adapter body and protruding from the pole adapter body; a first hole corresponding to the electrical connection post is provided on the pole adapter body, and each electrical connection post is connected to the pole of the single cell through each first hole.

33. The energy storage device according to claim 32, characterized in that The first hole is a blind hole, which extends to the electrical connection column; the bottom of the blind hole is connected to the single battery column by welding; a third through hole is opened at the bottom of the blind hole, which passes through the blind hole, and the aperture of the third through hole is smaller than the aperture of the blind hole.

34. The energy storage device according to claim 32, characterized in that The large-capacity battery also includes a heat transfer tube, which includes a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; a through slot is provided on the main body of the pole adapter; the first tube is fixed in the through slot of the positive polarity terminal of each single cell in the large-capacity battery; the second tube is fixed in the through slot of the negative polarity terminal of each single cell in the large-capacity battery; and both ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube located on the same side.

35. The energy storage device according to claim 34, characterized in that The large-capacity battery also includes a pressure plate; the pressure plate includes a pressing portion and a fixing portion; the pressing portion has an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through groove of the pole adapter to press the heat transfer tube into the through groove; the fixing portion is arranged on both sides of the pressing portion and is connected to the pole adapter of each single battery to realize parallel connection of multiple single batteries, and is also used to fix the pressing portion on the pole adapter.

36. The energy storage device according to claim 35, characterized in that An insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the large-capacity battery. The insulating sealant layer includes a first sub-insulating sealant layer and a second sub-insulating sealant layer. The first sub-insulating sealant layer is an insulating sealant layer with a temperature resistance higher than the thermal runaway flue gas temperature, and is arranged in the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery and the avoidance hole; the second sub-insulating sealant layer has a lower temperature resistance than the first sub-insulating sealant layer. The second sub-insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the outer shell and covers the pole adapter body, heat transfer tube and pressure plate.

37. The energy storage device according to claim 36, characterized in that The pole adapter also includes an electrical connection portion provided on the pole adapter body; the electrical connection portion is used to connect to an external electrical connector while preventing the insulating sealant from overflowing from a portion of the injection area.

38. The energy storage device according to claim 37, characterized in that The large-capacity battery also includes an insulating protective cover, which includes an insulating frame and an insulating cover; the lower end of the insulating frame is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery to prevent the insulating sealant from overflowing from the top plate of the shell; the upper end of the insulating frame is snap-fitted with the insulating cover; a notch is opened at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame parallel to the xz plane, and the notch cooperates with the insulating cover to form a slit, through which the large-capacity battery is electrically connected to external equipment.

39. The energy storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that The bracket assembly includes a supporting member and two L-shaped brackets; the supporting member is placed at the bottom of the large-capacity battery to support the large-capacity battery; the L-shaped bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, wherein the first bracket is parallel to the yz plane and the second bracket is parallel to the xy plane, and the first brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the two ends of the supporting member, and the second brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the side beams opposite to the battery pack support frame.

40. The energy storage device according to claim 39, characterized in that A channel is opened in the boss along the x direction; the supporting member includes two supporting ribs, which are respectively inserted into the two channels to support the large-capacity battery.

41. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that The explosion relief pipe assembly includes a first explosion relief component and a second explosion relief component; the first explosion relief component includes a first hollow pipe connected to the housing, and an explosion relief membrane is provided in the first hollow pipe; The second explosion relief component is a three-way pipe, the first interface of which is sealed with the first explosion relief component, and the second interface and the third interface of the second explosion relief components of two adjacent large-capacity batteries are connected by a flexible pipe section to form an explosion relief manifold.

42. The energy storage device according to claim 41, characterized in that The first explosion relief component also includes a second hollow pipe connected to the first hollow pipe; the second hollow pipe is made of insulating material, the second explosion relief component is a flexible tee, and the flexible joint of the second explosion relief component is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe.

43. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device, the solid treatment device and the flue gas cooling device are placed in the equipment warehouse; the ignition device is placed outside the energy storage box; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

44. The energy storage device according to claim 43, characterized in that The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The first to M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

45. The energy storage device according to claim 44, characterized in that The flue gas treatment unit further includes an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

46. The energy storage device according to claim 45, characterized in that The liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

47. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that The first-level fire fighting unit also includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet connected to its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit, and is used to buffer the thermal runaway smoke.

48. The energy storage device according to claim 47, characterized in that The first-level fire-fighting unit also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the smoke manifold or buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion relief part.

49. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that The flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The primary manifold is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief manifold, and the secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

50. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that The fire safety system also includes a secondary fire unit, which includes a fire device and a fire pipeline; the fire device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device into the energy storage box.

51. The energy storage device according to claim 50, characterized in that The fire safety system also includes a three-level fire unit, which includes a fire water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire water sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire water pipe.

52. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that The support frame includes three mounting brackets parallel to each other; each mounting bracket includes multiple first support beams and multiple second support beams; each first support beam extends along the z direction, and multiple first support beams are arranged along the y direction; each second support beam extends along the y direction, and multiple second support beams are arranged along the z direction and fixed on the first support beam; two mounting brackets are located between two second support beams in the same xy plane to form at least two battery pack assembly mounting positions arranged along the y direction; a battery pack assembly is fixed in each battery pack assembly mounting position; the battery pack assemblies located on both sides of the middle mounting bracket are electrically connected through a first electrical connection plate.

53. The energy storage device according to claim 52, characterized in that The battery pack support frame is a rectangular frame. Rollers are provided at the bottom of the battery pack support frame relative to the two second side beams. The rollers are placed on the second support beams and are transported to the battery pack assembly installation position by sliding installation. The positioning is achieved by a limit device provided on the mounting bracket.

54. The energy storage device according to claim 53, characterized in that The battery pack support frame includes a U-shaped frame and a first beam fixed to the open end of the U-shaped frame in a detachable connection manner; the first beam is an I-shaped steel, and the explosion-proof manifold is fixed to the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam.

55. The energy storage device according to claim 54, characterized in that In the z direction, two adjacent battery pack assemblies constitute a battery pack assembly unit; in each battery pack assembly unit, the battery pack support frames of the two battery pack assemblies are plugged in through the vertical support assembly, and the two battery pack assemblies on the same side have opposite polarities.

56. The energy storage device according to claim 55, characterized in that The vertical support assembly includes a plurality of first docking tubes vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper battery pack support frame, and a plurality of second docking tubes vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower battery pack support frame; the plurality of first docking tubes and the plurality of second docking tubes correspond one to one and are plugged into each other.

57. An energy storage device, characterized in that: The fire safety system includes a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly; the fire safety system includes a first-level fire protection unit, the first-level fire protection unit includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke; each battery pack assembly includes an explosion venting manifold and at least one battery module; each battery module includes a housing and n battery cells; the n battery cells are arranged in the inner cavity of the housing along the y direction; each battery cell includes a second hollow member and m single batteries; the m single batteries are arranged along the x direction; wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; m is an integer greater than 1; The second hollow member extends along the x-direction and covers the explosion venting parts of the m single cells. The inner cavity of the second hollow member serves as a converging channel for thermal runaway smoke and is connected to the explosion venting parts of the m single cells. Part of the structure of the second hollow component extends out of the outer shell, serving as the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end; in each battery pack assembly, the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end of each battery module is connected to the explosion venting manifold, and the outlet end of the explosion venting manifold is connected to the smoke manifold of the first-level fire protection unit.

58. The energy storage device according to claim 57, characterized in that Each battery unit also includes a first hollow component assembly; the inner cavity of the first hollow component assembly serves as a heat exchange medium circulation channel; the liquid inlet and liquid outlet ends of the first hollow component assembly extend out of the outer shell; the first hollow component assembly includes a first sub-hollow component and a second sub-hollow component; the first sub-hollow component is a conductive component, which is connected to the polarity terminals of each single battery to achieve electrical connection of each single battery; the second sub-hollow component is an insulating component, which is connected between two adjacent sections of the first sub-hollow component.

59. The energy storage device according to claim 58, characterized in that Hot melt connectors are fixed at both ends of the first sub-hollow component, and the hot melt connectors are connected to the second sub-hollow component by hot melting.

60. The energy storage device according to claim 58, characterized in that A through slot is provided on the polarity terminal of each single battery, and each section of the first sub-hollow component is inserted into the through slots of the polarity terminals of two adjacent single batteries with different polarities.

61. The energy storage device according to claim 60, characterized in that A metal conductive and heat conductive layer is provided between the outer tube wall of the first sub-hollow component and the polarity terminal through groove.

62. The energy storage device according to claim 58, characterized in that Each battery module further includes a third electrical connection plate connected to the polarity terminals of each single battery.

63. The energy storage device according to claim 58, characterized in that The inner wall of the first hollow component is provided with heat dissipation teeth.

64. The energy storage device according to claim 57, characterized in that The second hollow member is provided with m second through holes, the m second through holes corresponding one-to-one to the m single cells, and the orthographic projection of each second through hole on the upper cover of the corresponding single cell completely covers the explosion venting portion on the upper cover; the inner cavity of the second hollow member is connected to the explosion venting portions of the m single cells respectively through the m second through holes.

65. The energy storage device according to claim 64, characterized in that The second hollow member is a split member, including a flexible bottom plate and a first half tube with a U-shaped cross section; m second through holes are provided on the flexible bottom plate; the flexible bottom plate is fixedly connected to the upper cover plate of each single cell; the first half tube is buckled on the flexible bottom plate and sealed and fixed to the flexible bottom plate; or the second hollow member is a split member, including a second half tube with a U-shaped cross section and a second top plate for sealing the open end of the top of the second half tube; m second through holes are provided on the bottom plate of the second half tube; the edge of each second through hole is welded to the upper cover plate of the corresponding single cell, and the second top plate is welded to the second half tube. The half-tube is welded and sealed; or, the second hollow component is a split component, including a second half-tube with a U-shaped cross-section and a second top plate for sealing the open end of the top of the second half-tube; m second through holes are opened on the bottom plate of the second half-tube; each single cell upper cover plate is provided with an explosion-proof branch pipe, and the orthographic projection of the explosion-proof branch pipe on the upper cover plate completely covers the explosion-proof part on the upper cover plate; the free end of the explosion-proof branch pipe passes through the corresponding second through hole on the bottom plate of the second half-tube and extends into the inner cavity of the second half-tube; the wall of the explosion-proof branch pipe and the wall of the second through hole are welded and sealed; the second top plate and the second half-tube are welded and sealed.

66. The energy storage device according to claim 57, characterized in that Separators made of insulating material are provided between adjacent single cells; the outer shell is made of metal; and further comprises an insulating plate; the insulating plate is provided between the n battery cells and the outer shell.

67. The energy storage device according to claim 57, characterized in that An insulating sealant layer is laid between each single battery and the shell.

68. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 57 to 67, characterized in that The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

69. The energy storage device according to claim 68, characterized in that The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. The first to M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

70. The energy storage device according to claim 69, characterized in that The flue gas treatment unit also includes an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

71. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 57 to 67, characterized in that The first-level fire-fighting unit also includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet connected to its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit, and is used to buffer the thermal runaway smoke.

72. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 57 to 67, characterized in that The fire safety system also includes a secondary fire unit, which includes a fire device and a fire pipeline; the fire device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device to the box of the energy storage device.

73. An energy storage device, characterized in that It includes a fire safety system and at least one large-capacity battery assembly; the fire safety system includes a first-level fire unit, the first-level fire unit includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment system; the large-capacity battery assembly includes a large-capacity battery and a liquid cooling device, the large-capacity battery includes a plurality of single cells arranged in sequence along the x direction; the liquid cooling device includes a liquid cooling plate and a plurality of heat conducting members; the liquid cooling plate has a liquid cooling channel for a heat transfer medium to pass through and a smoke pretreatment channel for a thermal runaway smoke to pass through; the liquid cooling channel and the smoke pretreatment channel are isolated from each other; at the same time, the liquid cooling plate is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connected to the liquid cooling channel and a liquid outlet connected to the smoke pretreatment channel a connected smoke outlet and at least one smoke inlet; the liquid cooling plate is provided with two groups of through holes arranged in sequence along the x direction and passing through the liquid cooling channel in the z direction, a plurality of heat conductive parts are embedded in the through holes in a one-to-one correspondence, and each heat conductive part is provided with a heat conductive hole through which the polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery passes; the liquid cooling plate is arranged on the top of the large-capacity battery, the polarity terminal of each single battery passes through the heat conductive hole of the heat conductive part, and the liquid cooling plate is insulated from the polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery; the smoke inlet of the liquid cooling plate is connected to the explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery, and the smoke outlet of each liquid cooling plate is connected to the smoke manifold, and the smoke manifold transports the thermal runaway smoke pre-treated by each liquid cooling plate to the smoke treatment system for treatment.

74. The energy storage device according to claim 73, characterized in that The explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery includes explosion relief branches respectively arranged on each single cell, and each explosion relief branch covers the explosion relief part of each single cell; the liquid cooling plate includes a cover plate and a U-shaped shell, and the cover plate is arranged at the open end of the U-shaped shell, and the bottom plate of the U-shaped shell is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets arranged in sequence along the x direction and connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel; the liquid cooling plate is arranged on the top of each single cell, and the explosion relief branch of each single cell is connected to the smoke inlet on the liquid cooling plate in a one-to-one correspondence. When any single cell thermally runs away, the thermal runaway smoke opens the explosion relief part of the single cell, and the thermal runaway smoke enters the smoke pretreatment channel of the liquid cooling plate through the explosion relief branch. After the thermal runaway smoke is pretreated in the smoke pretreatment channel, it is discharged through the smoke outlet.

75. The energy storage device according to claim 73, characterized in that The large-capacity battery also includes a shell, and multiple single cells are arranged in the same direction in the shell; a shared chamber is provided in the shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the liquid cooling plate is provided on the top plate of the shell, and the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes and pass through the heat conduction holes of the heat conductive member; the top plate area of the shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed to the top of the single cell shell.

76. The energy storage device according to claim 75, characterized in that The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of each single cell; the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of each single cell, or the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion-proof membrane of each single cell. When the explosion-proof membrane of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and the gas channel of the single cell are connected.

77. The energy storage device according to claim 76, characterized in that The top plate of the shell is paved with an insulating sealant layer, the liquid cooling plate is located in the insulating sealant layer, the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling channel, and the smoke inlet and smoke outlet of the flue gas pretreatment channel extend out of the insulating sealant layer, and an insulating protective cover is provided on the top of the shell, and the polarity terminals of each single battery and the liquid cooling plate are located in the insulating protective cover.

78. The energy storage device according to claim 75, characterized in that The explosion relief mechanism of the large-capacity battery is arranged on the shell, including a pressure relief pipe and a pressure relief part. The pressure relief pipe is connected to the shared chamber in the shell, and the pressure relief part is arranged in the explosion relief port of the shell or on the pressure relief pipe; a U-shaped partition is provided in the liquid cooling plate, and the cavity between the U-shaped partition and the side wall of the liquid cooling plate is a U-shaped liquid cooling channel, and the inner cavity of the U-shaped partition is a flue gas pretreatment channel; a flue gas duct is connected to the smoke inlet, one end of the flue gas duct passes through the liquid cooling channel and is connected to the flue gas pretreatment channel, and the other end of the flue gas duct is connected to the pressure relief pipe.

79. The energy storage device according to claim 78, characterized in that The liquid inlet, liquid outlet and smoke outlet are located on the same side wall of the liquid cooling plate. At the same time, the liquid cooling channel connected to the liquid inlet exchanges heat with the positive polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery, and the liquid cooling channel connected to the liquid outlet exchanges heat with the negative polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery.

80. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 73 to 79, characterized in that The flue gas treatment system includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

81. The energy storage device according to claim 80, characterized in that The liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet. The first to M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

82. The energy storage device according to claim 81, characterized in that The flue gas treatment system includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

83. The energy storage device according to claim 80, characterized in that The first-level fire protection unit also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the smoke manifold, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion relief mechanism.

84. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 73 to 79, characterized in that The fire safety system also includes a secondary fire unit, which includes a fire device and a fire pipeline; the fire device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device to the box of the energy storage device.

85. The energy storage device according to claim 84, characterized in that The fire safety system also includes a three-level fire unit, which includes a fire water sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire water sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire water pipe.

86. An energy storage device, characterized in that It includes an energy storage box, a fire safety system and a plurality of large-capacity batteries; the plurality of large-capacity batteries are arranged in the energy storage box, and the large-capacity battery includes an outer shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the outer shell in the same direction; The shell is provided with a shared chamber, the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavity of all single cells; the top plate of the shell is provided with avoidance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the top plate area of the shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; a sensor unit is provided in the energy storage box, and the sensor unit includes at least one temperature sensor and at least one smoke sensor; the fire safety system includes a secondary fire fighting unit, which includes a fire fighting device, and the fire fighting device contains a fire fighting medium. When any large-capacity battery thermally runs away, the fire fighting medium in the fire fighting device is sprayed into the energy storage box.

87. The energy storage device according to claim 86, characterized in that The secondary fire-fighting unit also includes a primary fire-fighting pipeline and a plurality of fire-fighting nozzles arranged on the primary fire-fighting pipeline. The fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting device is sprayed into the energy storage box through the primary fire-fighting pipeline and the fire-fighting nozzles.

88. The energy storage device according to claim 87, characterized in that A battery compartment and an equipment compartment are provided in the energy storage box, the first-level fire-fighting pipeline and the large-capacity battery are located in the battery compartment, and the fire-fighting device is arranged in the equipment compartment.

89. The energy storage device according to claim 86, characterized in that The secondary fire-fighting unit also includes a secondary fire-fighting pipeline arranged in the energy storage box, which is used to connect to an external fire-fighting water pipe, and at least one water mist nozzle is provided on the secondary fire-fighting pipeline, which is arranged on the top of the energy storage box.

90. The energy storage device according to claim 86, characterized in that The energy storage box is provided with a pressure relief device, which is opened when the gas pressure in the energy storage box exceeds a threshold value to relieve the pressure of the gas in the energy storage box.

91. The energy storage device according to claim 86, characterized in that The energy storage box is provided with an alarm device, which sends out an early warning signal when a detection value of the temperature sensor or the smoke sensor exceeds a threshold value.

92. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 86 to 91, characterized in that The sensor unit also includes a combustible gas sensor. An air intake device and an exhaust device are respectively provided on two opposite side panels of the energy storage box. When the combustible gas sensor detects that the combustible gas concentration in the energy storage box exceeds a threshold value, the air intake device and the exhaust device are opened at the same time to ventilate the energy storage equipment.

93. The energy storage device according to claim 92, characterized in that The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of each single cell; the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of each single cell, or the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion-proof membrane of each single cell. When the explosion-proof membrane of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and the gas channel of the single cell are connected.

94. The energy storage device according to claim 93, characterized in that Each large-capacity battery is fixed to a support frame through a bracket, and the support frame carrying multiple large-capacity batteries is placed on a battery rack inside the energy storage box; the support frame is a rectangular frame, mainly composed of four crossbeams, one of which is provided with multiple through holes; an explosion-proof assembly is connected to the explosion-proof opening of the shell of the large-capacity battery, and the explosion-proof assembly includes an explosion-proof pipe and an explosion-proof part. The electrolyte sharing chamber and the gas sharing chamber of the large-capacity batteries are both connected to one end of the explosion-proof pipe, and the other end of the explosion-proof pipe passes through the through hole on the crossbeam. The explosion-proof part is arranged on the explosion-proof opening of the large-capacity battery or on the explosion-proof pipe.

95. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of energy storage devices and a centralized fire safety system as described in any one of claims 9 to 18, wherein the energy storage device comprises an energy storage box and a plurality of battery modules arranged in the energy storage box, and the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module is pretreated by a flue gas pretreatment unit and then transported to a flue gas treatment unit through a flue gas transport unit for reprocessing.

96. The energy storage system according to claim 95, characterized in that The battery module includes a shell and multiple single cells arranged in the shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is provided in the shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the area of the shell top plate corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; the shell is provided with an explosion relief mechanism connected to the shared chamber, and the explosion relief mechanism of each battery module is connected to the flue gas manifold.

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