Signal reception via waveforms with different pulse durations

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to signal reception via waveforms with different pulse durations. An apparatus, such as a user equipment (UE), receives configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. The UE receives the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

Description

SIGNAL RECEPTION VIA WAVEFORMS WITH DIFFERENT PULSE DURATIONSRELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 572,841, filed 01 April 2024, entitled “SIGNAL RECEPTION VIA WAVEFORMS WITH DIFFERENT PULSE DURATIONS,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to power conservation in wireless communications systems.BACKGROUND

[0003] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, which may be otherwise known as network equipment (NE), supporting wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like)). Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).SUMMARY

[0004] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of’ or“one or more of’ or “one or both of’) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on”. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

[0005] A UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the UE may be configured to, capable of, or operable to receive configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and receive the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0006] A processor (e.g., a standalone processor chipset, or a component of a UE) for wireless communication is described. The processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to receive configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and receive the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0007] A method performed or performable by a UE for wireless communication is described. The method may include receiving configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and receiving the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0008] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a payload in a frame or a low power synchronization signal.

[0009] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the UE, the processor, and the method may further be configured to, capable of, operable to, performed to, or performable to use the first signal for time synchronization.

[0010] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the UE, the processor, and the method may further be configured to, capable of, operable to, performed to, or performable to receive the first signal via a low power processor coupled to a main processor of the UE.

[0011] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using a first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0012] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0013] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols.

[0014] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration.

[0015] In some implementations of the UE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and the UE, the processor, and the method may further be configured to, capable of, operable to, performed to, or performable to receive the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and receive the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

[0016] An NE (e.g., a base station) for wireless communication is described. The NE may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the NE may be configured to, capable of, or operable to configure a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and transmit the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0017] A processor (e.g., a standalone processor chipset, or a component of a NE) for wireless communication is described. The processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to configure a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and transmit the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0018] A method performed or performable by an NE (e.g., a base station) for wireless communication is described. The method may include configuring a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and transmitting the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0019] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a payload in a frame or a low power synchronization signal.

[0020] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the NE, the processor, and the method may further be configured to, capable of, operable to, performed to, or performable to transmit the first signal to a UE for time synchronization.

[0021] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the NE, the processor, and the method may further be configured to, capable of, operable to, performed to, or performable to transmit the first signal to a low power processor of a UE.

[0022] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0023] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0024] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols.

[0025] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration.

[0026] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and the NE, the processor, and the method may further be configured to, capable of, operable to, performed to, or performable to transmit the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and transmit the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a LP-WUR design architecture.

[0029] Figure 3 illustrates an example of LP-WUS design architecture for harmonized design.

[0030] Figure 4 illustrates examples of different EP-WUS waveform candidates.

[0031] Figure 5 illustrates an example of OOK-4 signal generation.

[0032] Figure 6 illustrates an example for OOK-1 signal generation.

[0033] Figure 7 illustrates different hybrid preamble designs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 8 illustrates an example for EP-SS occasions including a plurality of waveforms in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 9 illustrates an example for EP-SS periodicities including a plurality of waveforms.

[0036] Figure 10 illustrates an example for using a delimiter at a beginning of a slot in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 11 illustrates an example for using a delimiter before a payload with a slot duration.

[0038] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In a wireless communications system, a UE and a NE (e.g., a base station) may support wireless communication (e.g., reception and / or transmission of wireless communication) using time-frequency resources. A NE may schedule (e.g., allocate, assign) one or more time-frequency resources via control signaling (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) message, downlink control information (DCI)) for the wireless communication. The NE may schedule a set of one or more periods (e.g., durations, intervals) for the wireless communication. These scheduled periods may be referred to as occasions. The UE may monitor one or more occasions (also referred to as monitoring occasions) during which the UE may monitor a channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)) for a transmission (e.g., a PDCCH message, a PDSCH message) from the NE. The NE may indicate a periodicity of the occasions, a starting time of the occasions, an ending time of the occasions, and / or a duration of the occasions, among other parameters for the occasions.

[0044] A UE may be equipped with multiple radios, such as a primary radio and a secondary radio to support various operations (e.g., receiving, transmitting, monitoring). The primary radio of the UE may be referred to as a main radio and the secondary radio may be referred to as a low power radio. The UE may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support multiple power modes. For example, the UE may operate in an active mode with relatively high power consumption or in an idle or inactive mode with a relatively low power consumption compared to the active mode. In the low power mode (e.g., idle and / or inactive mode), the UE may operate using reduced transmission and / or reception capabilities (e.g., due to reduced transmit power, energy efficientradio transceivers, low power processors, etc.), and may perform energy harvesting techniques to supplement battery power, utilize sleep modes for different circuitry (e.g., hardware) of the UE, etc. Examples of UEs that are operable in low power modes include, but are not limited to, internet of things (loT) devices, wearable devices, remote sensor devices, and mobile devices.

[0045] In some examples, the low power radio of the UE may be referred to as a low power wake up radio (LP-WUR). The UE may power ON the primary radio (e.g., main radio) in response to different events associated with the low power radio, for example, reception of a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) at the UE. In some cases, the use of a LP-WUR may presents challenges pertaining to power saving and wireless coverage. For instance, a receiver of the UE based on an envelope detector can receive an OOK waveform to maximize power saving gain compared to an In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) correlator. However, the coverage of the receiver of the UE based on an envelope detector can be limited compared to the coverage of the IQ correlator receiver type. The LP-WUR of the UE (e.g., ambient loT) may implement finer timing synchronization mechanisms such as due to possible timing errors introduced by lower quality oscillators. Thus, synchronization signal and preamble signal design may consider the finer synchronization to synchronize such low power devices to mitigate possible timing errors.

[0046] Accordingly, the present disclosure describes a synchronization signal and preamble signal design that enables fine timing synchronization to synchronize low power devices and mitigate possible timing errors that can be caused by lower quality oscillators. For instance, a hybrid preamble design is described that includes N symbols, where a first N-M symbols may include a binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence generated using a wider and / or larger pulse duration with an OOK-1 or OOK-4, M=1 waveform while the remaining M symbols can be generated using the binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence with a narrower pulse duration using an OOK-4, M>1 waveform.

[0047] Further, implementations can utilize a plurality of preambles preceding a payload in a radio frame, e.g., an NR frame. For instance, a first preamble can be implemented using a first time duration with N symbols including a first waveform and with a wider and / or larger pulse duration using OOK-1 or OOK-4, M=l. The first preamble can be followed by a second preamble in a same radio frame with a second time duration with M symbols including a second waveform with a narrower pulse duration than the first preamble and using OOK-4, M>1. In implementations thenarrower pulse duration may use the same pulse duration as that of a radio frame payload such as OOK-4, M>1.

[0048] Implementations can also utilize a periodic synchronization signal including N symbols where a first transmission occasion of a synchronization signal includes a binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence generated using a wider and / or larger pulse duration with OOK-1 or OOK-4, M=1 waveform. A second synchronization signal transmission occasion can include the binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence with a narrower pulse duration than the first transmission occasion and using OOK-4, M>1 waveform. For implementations where synchronization signals support multi-beam operations, a first periodicity of synchronization signals may be broadcasted using each of multiple beams using the first waveform followed by a second periodicity of synchronization signals broadcasted using the second waveform.

[0049] The described techniques can thus enable power conservation while maintaining signal fidelity in wireless communications systems, particularly in low power operation scenarios.

[0050] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

[0051] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

[0052] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a nextgeneration NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

[0053] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.

[0054] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (loT) device, an Internet-of- Everything (loE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

[0055] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

[0056] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., SI, N2, N6, or other network interface). In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106). In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs).

[0057] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.

[0058] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an SI, N2, N6, or other network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106).

[0059] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to performvarious operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

[0060] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., / r=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., / r=l) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., / r=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., / r=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0061] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

[0062] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., / r=0, jU=l , / r=2, / r=3, / r=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot persubframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[0063] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0064] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., / r=0), which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., / r=l), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

[0065] According to implementations, one or more of the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 are operable to implement various aspects of the techniques described with reference to the presentdisclosure. For example, a NE 102 (e.g., a base station) configures a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol. The NE transmits, to a UE 104, the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration. The UE 104 receives the configuration for the first signal including waveforms including one or more of the plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or the binary sequence within an OFDM symbol. Further, the UE receives the first signal via the first set of symbols including the waveform with the first pulse duration and via the second set of symbols including the waveform with the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0066] A Release 18 study item for LP-WUS and receiver was performed for NR Air Interface. Use cases have been considered including targeting LP-WUS and / or LP-WUR for power-sensitive small form-factor devices including loT use cases (such as industrial sensors, controllers, etc.) and wearables. Other use cases are not precluded, however, e.g. Extended Reality (XR) smart glasses, smart phones, etc.

[0067] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a LP-WUR design architecture 200. The architecture 200 includes a UE 104 with a main radio 202 and a LP-WUR 204. A NE 102 (e.g., gNB) can transmit NR signal to the main radio 202 and LP-WUS to the LP-WUR 204. In response to the LP- WUS the LP-WUR 204 can wake the main radio 202.

[0068] A study item has investigated the design of LP-WUS residing in the LP-WUR which may be used to wake up the main radio. For waveform generation the following observations are made: Flat spectrum in frequency domain provides robustness against frequency selective fading compared to concentrated energy in frequency domain; For OOK-4, sequence before Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) / Least Square (LS) with variation in phase via such as Zadoff-Chu (ZC), M-sequence or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) sequence can achieve more flattened spectrum; and Knowledge of sequence(s) used in LP-WUS waveform generation may improve performance for at least a receiver with I / Q branches.

[0069] Figure 3 illustrates an example of LP-WUS design architecture 300 for harmonized design. The architecture 300, for instance, illustrates a harmonization of OOK and OFDM for UEs 104, respectively, and includes a unified LP-WUS 302 that can utilize OOK and OFDM.

[0070] In scenarios, a harmonized design can accommodate OOK-l / OOK-4 and OFDM waveform, e.g., specified overlayed OFDM sequences over OOK symbol. For Radio Resource Control (RRC) IDLE / INACTIVE, in addition to existing Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and / or Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), LP-SS (e.g., OOK-1 and / or OOK-4 waveform with / without overlayed OFDM sequences with potential further down) for LP-WUR that cannot receive existing PSS / SSS, can be supported for synchronization and / or Radio Resource Management (RRM) for a serving cell.

[0071] For ambient loT, the following set of Ambient loT devices have been considered: Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation, e.g., backscattering transmission; Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, e.g., backscattering transmission. For instance, use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals; and Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, e.g., active Radio Frequency (RF) component for transmission. Ambient loT can also use a LP processor, e.g., low power (LP) / baseband (BB) processor may be limited with respect to antenna availability.

[0072] The issue of power saving as well as coverage associated with the LP-WUR has been investigated: A receiver based on an envelope detector receiving the OOK waveform can maximize the power saving gain compared to an IQ correlator. However, the coverage of the receiver based on an envelope detector can be limited compared to the coverage of the IQ correlator receiver type. For a LP-WUR and the ambient loT that will be discussed in the Rell9, such a device may implement a fine synchronization mechanism due to potential timing errors caused by lower quality oscillators. The synchronization signal and preamble signal design may take into consideration the fine synchronization to synchronize such low power devices for mitigating timing errors.

[0073] In aspects of the present disclosure, the synchronization signal and preamble signal are designed such that fine synchronization to synchronize low power devices can be achieved even with possible timing errors that can be caused by low quality oscillators.

[0074] Figure 4 illustrates examples 400 of different LP-WUS waveform candidates and Figure 5 illustrates an example 500 of OOK-4 signal generation. For instance, for OOK-4 signal generation, M-bit OOK can be transformed in time domain. N SCs of OOK-1 can be generated by a transformation (e.g., DFT / LS) and N’ samples can be generated from M-bits‘M’ OOK bits per OFDM symbol. Signal modification may or may not be used, truncation or other additional modification may or may not be used (e.g., if not used, N can be the same as N’), and N’ can be the same as K.

[0075] Figure 6 illustrates an example 600 for OOK-1 signal generation. For instance, for Multi-Carrier Amplitude Shift Keying (MC-ASK) waveform generation where K is size of an inverse Fast Fourier Transform (iFFT) of cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiple access (CP-OFDMA), N can be a number of SCs used by LP-WUS including potential guard bands. Other issues to be consider are Option OOK-1: Single-bit in 1 OFDM symbol, SCs of LP-WUS can be: OOK = 1 where SCs are modulated, and OOK = 0 where SCs are zero power, e.g., from a BB perspective.

[0076] Table 1 illustrates example timing errors by waveform.Table 1: Tolerance to timing error by waveform

[0077] The following represent some agreements from RAN 1.

[0078] Agreement: Support both OOK-1 and OOK-4 for LP-WUS. How OOK-1 and OOK-4 are specified can be considered; For OOK-4, M < 4, supported values can be considered; The SCSof a CP-OFDM symbol used for LP-WUS generation can be the same as one of the SCS(s) used for other NR transmissions in the same CP-OFDM symbol; and different SCS can be considered.

[0079] Agreement: The following options for LP-SS can be considered: Option 1: OOK-1; Option 2: OOK-4 with M = 1, 2, 4; The SCS of a CP-OFDM symbol used for LP-SS generation can be the same as that used for LP-WUS generation; and different SCS can be considered.

[0080] Agreement: For LP-SS design from RANI perspective, consider at least the following as the design target: For RRM measurement performed by LP-WUR based on LP-SS, UE can satisfy measurement accuracy based on X LP-SS samples within a period which is comparable to Y=the length of I-DRX (Discontinuous Reception) cycle that is larger or equal to 1.28s; Y can be chosen for evaluating LP-SS design; Network overhead and network power consumption can be considered.

[0081] Agreement: The ‘ON-OFF’ pattern for OOK symbols of LP-SS can be based on binary sequence(s); binary sequence(s) details can be considered, including the sequence type, the number of sequences, and the sequence length; overlaid OFDM sequences can be considered, if supported.

[0082] Agreement: For the overlaid OFDM sequence(s) for LP-SS, consider the following options for further down-selection: Option 1: Do not specify the overlaid OFDM sequences(s); Option 2: Specify the overlaid OFDM sequence(s) targeting for OOK waveform generation without targeting for sync and RRM measurement for OFDM-based LP-WUR using the overlaid sequence of LP-SS; Option 3: Specify the overlaid OFDM sequence(s) targeting for OOK waveform generation and also targeting for sync and RRM measurement for OFDM-based LP-WUR using the overlaid sequence of LP-SS.

[0083] Accordingly, in implementations described herein, a synchronization signal and preamble design is presented that considers the effect of potential timing errors at the beginning of a signal and hence a wider pulse duration is designed at the beginning of these signals while the design includes mechanisms to achieve finer synchronization by narrower pulse duration. A wider pulse, for instance, results in a longer time duration for the pulse.

[0084] Implementations described herein support a variety of different architecture options, including but not limited to: Option 1: The LP-WUR may have a separate Baseband (BB), RF chain and antenna than the main radio; Option 2: The LP-WUR may have a separate BB but shared RFand antenna with the main radio; Option 3: the LP-WUR may have a shared BB, RF, and antenna with the main radio; and combinations thereof. In Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS), a single low power processor may be connected to the plurality of BB radios where each of the BB radios may correspond to a RAT and / or a frequency.

[0085] Implementations described herein support a variety of different receiver types, including but not limited to: Option 1: the LP-WUR has a heterodyne envelope detector implemented at IF level; Option 2: the LP-WUR has a homodyne / zero-IF envelope detector at the BB; Option 3: the LP-WUR has an OFDM-based sequence and / or signal with time domain and / or frequency domain correlation; and combinations thereof.

[0086] According to harmonized waveform implementations, the OOK signal may include sequence or randomly modulated symbols such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) transmitted within the ON-duration of the OOK transmission to produce a flattened spectrum to mitigate frequency selective fading. Such sequences may include Zadoff-Chu sequences, M-ary sequences, Gold sequences, Golay sequences, etc. In at least some implementations, in an off duration of OOK transmission, no signal transmission may occur.

[0087] A low power processor described in implementations herein may include one of the above use cases, architectures, and receiver type implementations. The low power processor may be implemented according to but not limited to standalone Tx / Rx loT devices for ambient loT devices, and the low power processor may be an auxiliary chip to wake-up the main processor.

[0088] Examples of measurement metrics include signal quality, signal power, detection rate of LP-WUS / synch signal including: Low Power Received Signal Strength Indicator (LP-RSSI) or Energy detection: linear average of total received power over a RSSI resource, LP-Reference Signal Received Power (LP-RSRP): linear average of received power of resource of reference signal(s) or signal(s) parts, LP- Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) = LP-RSRP / (e.g., power of interference and noise); and / or LP- Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)=Nx LP-RSRP / LP- RSSI, where N is the factor of resource size difference for evaluation LP-RSRP and LP-RSSI.According to implementations a reference signal for performing measurements can include Synchronization Signal and PBCH block (SSB) (e.g., PSS, SSS, Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc.), LP-WUS -waveform sequence, LP-SS, etc.

[0089] Implementations described herein include a hybrid preamble and LP-SS design. For instance, a hybrid preamble and LP-SS to a low power device mechanism can be implemented by incorporating a wider and / or larger pulse duration based a binary modulated pattern and / or binary sequences at the beginning of a signal including N-M symbols followed by a narrower pulse duration based on a binary modulated pattern and / or binary sequences including M symbols. The time duration of the binary modulated pattern and / or binary sequences including wider pulse durations and the time duration of the binary modulated pattern and / or binary sequences including narrower pulse durations can be preconfigured and known to the transmitter and the receiver. Such hybrid designs can provide toleration to time synchronization errors where the clock drift may be high at the beginning of the slot and hence the wider pulse can tolerate such time synchronization errors followed by narrower pulse duration to achieve finer synchronizations.

[0090] According to implementations the preamble preceding the payload in a frame and the periodic transmission of low power synchronization signal to the low power device may include wider pulse duration at the beginning duration of the slot to enable toleration of time synchronization errors. The pre-configured and / or known binary modulated pattern or binary sequences using OFDM based waveform or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-OFDM (DFT-s- OFDM)-based waveform, such as OOK-1 or OOK-4, M=l, respectively, can be used to provide wider pulse duration. For instance, a smaller Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) can be implemented to assist the envelope detector to detect such wider pulses when the clock drift at the beginning of the slot may be larger, and hence such wider pulse based preamble and synchronization signal duration at the beginning of a signal can achieve synchronization to enable tolerating higher timing errors.

[0091] Thus, wider pulses at the signal beginning can provide tolerance to time synchronization errors, a narrower pulse (e.g., generated using OOK-4, M > 1) can provide finer synchronization due to presence of multiple OOK chips (e.g., OOK pulses) within a OFDM symbol. Hence the hybrid design considers the narrower pulse following the wider pulse. The OOK-1 and OOK-4, M=l, can use 1 OOK chip per OFDM symbol and the symbol duration of each OFDM symbol can be allocated for OOK, hence the symbol can be wider compared to the OOK-4, M>1. Thus, more than one OOK chips / pulses can occupy per OFDM symbol dividing the symbol duration of OFDM by number of OOK chips. Hence, the pulse duration of OOK-1 and OOK-4, M=1 can be wider compared to that of OOK-4, M>1.

[0092] Figure 7 illustrates different hybrid preamble designs 700 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In hybrid preamble designs 702, 704, a plurality of preambles can be implemented preceding a payload in a radio frame. A first preamble (“Preamble 1”) with first time duration including N symbols includes a first waveform including wider and / or larger pulse duration using OOK-1 or OOK-4, M=l. The first preamble is followed by a second preamble (“Preamble 2”) in the same frame with second time duration including M symbols with a second waveform including a narrower pulse duration using OOK-4, M>1, where the narrower pulse duration of the second preamble may use the same pulse duration as that of the payload such as OOK-4, M>1.

[0093] In a hybrid preamble design 706 regarding preambles, a same preamble design can include N symbols, where first N-M symbols may include binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence generated using wider and / or larger pulse duration including OOK- 1 or OOK-4, M=1 waveform. Remaining M symbols generated using the binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence may include a narrower pulse duration such as using an OOK-4, M>1 waveform.

[0094] In the hybrid preamble design 706 regarding synchronization signals, a periodic low power synchronization signal may include N symbols, where first N-M symbols may include binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence generated using a wider and / or larger pulse duration with OOK-1 or OOK-4, M=1 waveform, while the remaining M symbols generated using the binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence may include a narrower pulse duration using OOK-4, M>1 waveform.

[0095] Figure 8 illustrates an example 800 for LP-SS occasions including a plurality of waveforms in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. According to implementations involving transmission of different waveforms, a periodic synchronization signal includes N symbols where a first occasion (LP-SS occasion #1) of LP-SS includes binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence generated using a wider and / or larger pulse duration with OOK-1 or OOK-4, M=1 waveform. A second occasion of LP-SS (LP-SS occasion #2) can include the binary OOK modulated pattern and / or binary sequence with a narrower pulse duration using OOK-4, M>1 waveform. In at least one implementation, the first waveform can be used in even occasions and the second waveform can be used in the odd occasions in the first radio frame, and in the second radioframe the first waveform can be used in the odd occasions and the second waveform can be used in the even occasions.

[0096] Figure 9 illustrates an example 900 for LP-SS periodicities including a plurality of waveforms. For instance, when LP-SS supports multi-beam operations, a first periodicity of LP-SS (e.g., radio frame number #1, System Frame Number (SFN)#160, 320, 480,640,— 1024) may be broadcasted using each of a plurality of beams using the first waveform followed by a second periodicity of LP-SS in the second radio frame (e.g., radio frame number #2, SFN#160, 320, 480,640,— 1024) broadcasted using the second waveform. In at least one implementation, the first waveform can be used in the even radio frame and the second waveform can be used in the odd radio frame.

[0097] In implementations, mid-ambles can be present within the time duration of a payload, in between data symbols within a slot for time synchronization, and / or preambles at the beginning of next slot when there are contiguous slots of multi-slot transmission. In such implementations a same waveform used for the payload can be used for the mid-ambles and / or preambles. In at least one implementation, when a payload uses OOK-4, M>1 waveform, the same waveform can be used for the preambles in between slots during multi-slot transmission and mid-ambles within the time duration of a slot.

[0098] Figure 10 illustrates an example 1000 for using a delimiter at a beginning of a slot in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For instance, as illustrated in implementations 1002, 1004, when delimiter (e.g., a sync word) is used at the beginning of the slot to signal the presence of the slot boundary, the waveform used for the delimiter may have wider pulse duration to tolerate the higher time synch errors as illustrated in the example 1000.

[0099] Figure 11 illustrates an example 1100 for using a delimiter before a pay load with a slot duration. The example 1100 includes examples 1102, 1104, 1106, and 1108. In implementations, when there is a delimiter before starting a payload within a slot, different options for the waveform of the delimiter include: Option 1: the same waveform used in the preamble can be used for the delimiter (e.g., examples 1102, 1106); Option 2: the same waveform used in the payload can be used for the delimiter (e.g., example 1104); and / or Option 3: in case of multiple waveforms used inthe preamble, then the same waveform used in the last segment of the preamble can be used for the delimiter, e.g., example 1108.

[0100] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a UE 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 1200 may include a processor 1202, a memory 1204, a controller 1206, and a transceiver 1208. The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the controller 1206, or the transceiver 1208, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0101] The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the controller 1206, or the transceiver 1208, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0102] The processor 1202 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 1202 may be operable to operate the memory 1204. In some other implementations, the memory 1204 may be integrated into the processor 1202. The processor 1202 may be operable to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1204 to cause the UE 1200 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0103] The memory 1204 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1202 cause the UE 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1204 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0104] In some implementations, the processor 1202 and the memory 1204 coupled with the processor 1202 may be configured to cause the UE 1200 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1202, instructions stored in the memory 1204). For example, the processor 1202 may support wireless communication at the UE 1200 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and receiving the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0105] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a payload in a frame or a low power synchronization signal; further including using the first signal for time synchronization; further including receiving the first signal via a low power processor coupled to a main processor of the UE; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using a first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and further including receiving the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and receive the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

[0106] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1200 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1204) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1202) coupled with the at least one memory and operable to cause the UE to receive configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and receive the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0107] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be operable to support any one or combination of where the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a payload in a frame or a low power synchronization signal; the at least one processor is operable to cause the UE to use the first signal for time synchronization; the at least one processor is operable to cause the UE to receive the first signal via a low power processor coupled to a main processor of the UE; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using a first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and where the at least one processor is operable to cause the UE to receive the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and receive the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

[0108] The controller 1206 may manage input and output signals for the UE 1200. The controller 1206 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 1200. In some implementations, the controller 1206 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1206 may be implemented as part of the processor 1202.

[0109] In some implementations, the UE 1200 may include at least one transceiver 1208. In some other implementations, the UE 1200 may have more than one transceiver 1208. The transceiver 1208 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1208 may include one or more receiver chains 1210, one or more transmitter chains 1212, or a combination thereof.

[0110] A receiver chain 1210 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1210 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0111] A transmitter chain 1212 may be configured to generate and transmit signals(e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 1212 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 1212 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1212 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0112] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a processor 1300 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1300 may be an example of a processor configured to performvarious operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1300 may include a controller 1302 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1300 may optionally include at least one memory 1304, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1300 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1306. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0113] The processor 1300 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and others).

[0114] The controller 1302 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1300 to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1302 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1300, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1300. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

[0115] The controller 1302 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1304 and determine subsequent instruction(s) to be executed to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1302 may be configured to track memory addresses of instructions associated with the memory 1304. The controller 1302 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1302 may beconfigured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1300 to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1302 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1300. The controller 1302 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs 1306, and other functional units of the processor 1300.

[0116] The memory 1304 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1300 or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 1304 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1300). In some other implementations, the memory 1304 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1300).

[0117] The memory 1304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1300, cause the processor 1300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1302 and / or the processor 1300 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1304 to cause the processor 1300 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1300 and / or the controller 1302 may be coupled with or to the memory 1304, the processor 1300, and the controller 1302, and may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1300 may include multiple processors and the memory 1304 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

[0118] The one or more ALUs 1306 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 1306 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300). In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1306 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300). One or more ALUs 1306 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1306 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or moreALUs 1306 may be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1306 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), enabling the one or more ALUs 1306 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[0119] The processor 1300 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 1302) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1304) and operable to cause the processor to receive configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and receive the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0120] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a pay load in a frame or a low power synchronization signal; the at least one controller is operable to cause the first processor to use the first signal for time synchronization; the first processor includes a low power processor of a UE coupled with a main processor of the UE; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronizationsignal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and where the at least one controller is operable to cause the first processor to receive the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and receive the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

[0121] The processor 1300 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 1302) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1304) and operable to cause the processor to configure a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and transmit the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0122] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a pay load in a frame or a low power synchronization signal; the at least one controller is operable to cause the processor to transmit the first signal to a UE for time synchronization; the at least one controller is operable to cause the processor to transmit the first signal to a low power processor of a UE; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronizationsignal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and where the at least one controller is operable to cause the processor to transmit the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and transmit the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

[0123] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a NE 1400 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 1400 may include a processor 1402, a memory 1404, a controller 1406, and a transceiver 1408. The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the controller 1406, or the transceiver 1408, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0124] The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the controller 1406, or the transceiver 1408, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0125] The processor 1402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 1402 may be configured to operate the memory 1404. In some other implementations, the memory 1404 may be integrated into the processor 1402. The processor 1402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1404 to cause the NE 1400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0126] The memory 1404 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1402 cause the NE 1400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1404 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media andcommunication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0127] In some implementations, the processor 1402 and the memory 1404 coupled with the processor 1402 may be configured to cause the NE 1400 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1402, instructions stored in the memory 1404). For example, the processor 1402 may support wireless communication at the NE 1400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support a means for configuring a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and transmitting the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0128] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of the method where the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a pay load in a frame or a low power synchronization signal; further including transmitting the first signal to a UE for time synchronization; further including transmitting the first signal to a low power processor of a UE; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes a preamble preceding a pay load in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration; thefirst signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and further including transmitting the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and transmit the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

[0129] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1400 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1404) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1402) coupled with the at least one memory and operable to cause the NE to configure a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol; and transmit the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

[0130] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the first signal includes one or more of at least one preamble preceding a payload in a frame or a low power synchronization signal; the at least one processor is operable to cause the NE to transmit the first signal to a UE for time synchronization; the at least one processor is operable to cause the NE to transmit the first signal to a low power processor of a UE; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols includes a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols includes a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, where the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration; the first signal includes a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble including the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal includes the waveform with the second pulse duration; the first signal includes a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and where the at least one processor is operable tocause the NE to transmit the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and transmit the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

[0131] The controller 1406 may manage input and output signals for the NE 1400. The controller 1406 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 1400. In some implementations, the controller 1406 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1406 may be implemented as part of the processor 1402.

[0132] In some implementations, the NE 1400 may include at least one transceiver 1408. In some other implementations, the NE 1400 may have more than one transceiver 1408. The transceiver 1408 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1408 may include one or more receiver chains 1410, one or more transmitter chains 1412, or a combination thereof.

[0133] A receiver chain 1410 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1410 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0134] A transmitter chain 1412 may be configured to generate and transmit signals(e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 1412 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 1412 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitterchain 1412 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0135] Figure 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the UE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0136] At 1502, the method may include receiving configuration for a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol. The operations of 1502 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1502 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 12.

[0137] At 1504, the method may include receiving the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration. The operations of 1504 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1504 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 12.

[0138] Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0139] At 1602, the method may include configuring a first signal including waveforms including one or more of a plurality of OOK modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an OFDM symbol. The operations of 1602 may be performed in accordance with examples asdescribed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1602 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 14.

[0140] At 1604, the method may include transmitting the first signal via a first set of symbols including a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols including a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration. The operations of 1604 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1604 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 14.

[0141] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and operable to cause the UE to: receive configuration for a first signal comprising waveforms including one or more of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and receive the first signal via a first set of symbols comprising a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols comprising a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the first signal comprises one or more of at least one preamble preceding a payload in a frame or a low power synchronization signal.

3. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the UE to use the first signal for time synchronization.

4. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the UE to receive the first signal via a low power processor coupled to a main processor of the UE.

5. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the first signal comprises preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols comprises a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using a first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols comprises a second preamble including the second pulse duration, wherein the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

6. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the first signal comprises preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols comprises a first preamble using a first waveform modulated usingone or more of 00K within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols comprises a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, wherein the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

7. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the first signal comprises a preamble preceding a pay load in a frame, the preamble comprising the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols.

8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the first signal comprises a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal comprises the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal comprises the waveform with the second pulse duration.

9. The UE of claim 1, wherein the first signal comprises a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the UE to receive the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and receive the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

10. A network equipment (NE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and operable to cause the NE to: configure a first signal comprising waveforms including one or more of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and transmit the first signal via a first set of symbols comprising a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols comprising a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

11. The NE of claim 10, wherein the first signal comprises one or more of at least one preamble preceding a payload in a frame or a low power synchronization signal.

12. The NE of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the NE to transmit the first signal to a user equipment (UE) for time synchronization.

13. The NE of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the NE to transmit the first signal to a low power processor of a user equipment (UE).

14. The NE of claim 10, wherein the first signal comprises preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols comprises a first preamble modulated using one more of OOK within a OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols comprises a second preamble including the second pulse duration, wherein the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

15. The NE of claim 10, wherein the first signal comprises preambles preceding a payload in a frame, the first set of symbols comprises a first preamble using a first waveform modulated using one or more of OOK within an OFDM symbol using the first pulse duration, and the second set of symbols comprises a second preamble using a second waveform including the second pulse duration, wherein the second pulse duration is narrower than the first pulse duration.

16. The NE of claim 10, wherein the first signal comprises a preamble preceding a payload in a frame, the preamble comprising the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols.

17. The NE of claim 10, wherein the first signal comprises a low power synchronization signal, a first occasion of the low power synchronization signal comprises the waveform with the first pulse duration, and a second occasion of the low power synchronization signal comprises the waveform with the second pulse duration.

18. The NE of claim 10, wherein the first signal comprises a low power synchronization signal for multi-beam operation, and wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the NE to transmit the waveform with the first pulse duration for each beam via a first periodicity and transmit the waveform with the second pulse duration for each beam via a second periodicity.

19. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving configuration for a first signal comprising waveforms including one or more of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and receiving the first signal via a first set of symbols comprising a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols comprising a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

20. A method performed by a network equipment (NE), the method comprising: configuring a first signal comprising waveforms including one or more of a plurality of on- off keying (OOK) modulated binary patterns or a binary sequence within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; and transmitting the first signal via a first set of symbols comprising a waveform with a first pulse duration and via a second set of symbols comprising a waveform with a second pulse duration, the second pulse duration narrower than the first pulse duration.

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