Two-wheeled violation detection device, two-wheeled operation evaluation system, and two-wheeled operation evaluation method

Abstract

The purpose of the present disclosure is to detect a violation behavior unique to a two-wheeled vehicle in order to properly evaluate the driving of the two-wheeled vehicle. A two-wheeled violation detection device (101) according to the present disclosure is provided with: an information acquisition unit (11) that acquires high-precision location information and high-precision map information about a target vehicle which is a two-wheeled vehicle (90), and an individual ID of the target vehicle or a driver of the target vehicle; and a detection unit (12) that, on the basis of the high-precision location information and the high-precision map information, detects a violation behavior characteristic of two wheels by the target vehicle, and creates violation information in which the detection result of the violation behavior characteristic of two wheels is associated with the individual ID. The violation information is used for evaluating the driving of the target vehicle or the driver.

Description

Motorcycle violation detection device, motorcycle driving evaluation system, and motorcycle driving evaluation method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a technology for detecting traffic violations and the like specific to two-wheeled vehicles.

[0002] There are systems that evaluate a driver's driving manners based on the degree of traffic violations. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a safe driving score accumulation system that calculates a safe driving score based on the degree of compliance with traffic rules and the excellence of driving behavior. This safe driving score accumulation system calculates the degree of compliance with traffic rules, such as stopping or traffic lights, based on sign information and the vehicle's driving conditions, and determines whether driving behaviors such as sudden acceleration, sudden steering, or sudden braking are occurring based on the vehicle's acceleration, thereby calculating the degree of compliance with traffic rules.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-172487

[0004] The safe driving level accumulation system described in Patent Document 1 evaluates the safe driving level of a vehicle using items common to both four-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles, and therefore is unable to detect violations specific to two-wheeled vehicles, leaving room for improvement in the evaluation of two-wheeled vehicle driving.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to detect violations specific to two-wheeled vehicles in order to properly evaluate the driving of two-wheeled vehicles.

[0006] The motorcycle violation detection device disclosed herein comprises an information acquisition unit that acquires high-precision position information of a target vehicle, which is a two-wheeled vehicle, high-precision map information, and an individual ID of the target vehicle or the driver of the target vehicle, and a detection unit that detects motorcycle-specific violations by the target vehicle based on the high-precision position information and high-precision map information, and creates violation information that links the detection results of the motorcycle-specific violations to the individual ID, and the violation information is used to evaluate the driving of the target vehicle or driver.

[0007] The motorcycle violation detection device of the present disclosure detects motorcycle-specific violations by a target vehicle and creates violation information. Therefore, it is possible to properly evaluate the driving of the motorcycle based on the violation information. Objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

[0008] 1 is a configuration diagram of a two-wheeled vehicle violation detection system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a two-wheeled vehicle traveling on a sidewalk. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a two-wheeled vehicle snaking within one lane. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a four-wheeled vehicle snaking across two lanes. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing two two-wheeled vehicles traveling side by side in one lane. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a two-wheeled vehicle traveling the wrong way on the shoulder of the road. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a two-wheeled vehicle making a U-turn within one lane. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a two-wheeled vehicle traveling on a sidewalk where pedestrians are present. FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a two-wheeled vehicle violation detection system according to a second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a two-wheeled vehicle violation detection system according to a third embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the hardware configuration of a two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device, etc.

[0009] <A. First Embodiment> <A-1. Configuration> FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a motorcycle driving evaluation system 1001 according to the first embodiment. The motorcycle driving evaluation system 1001 includes a motorcycle violation detection device 101 and an evaluation server 51. The motorcycle violation detection device 101 detects motorcycle-specific violations committed by a two-wheeled vehicle 90. In this specification, the two-wheeled vehicle 90 that is the target of detection of motorcycle-specific violations by the motorcycle violation detection device 101 is also referred to as a target vehicle. The two-wheeled vehicle 90 refers to a motorcycle, bicycle, electric bicycle, electric scooter, electric kick scooter, or the like, and is basically required to travel within a lane. Note that the target vehicle may also include three- or four-wheeled vehicles, such as saddle-type vehicles, whose width is approximately one-quarter or less of the width of a normal lane.

[0010] Motorcycle-specific violations are violations specific to motorcycles, and include not only traffic violations but also etiquette violations such as dangerous riding, which are not legal violations. For example, if electric motorcycles are permitted to ride on sidewalks under certain conditions, riding on sidewalks without meeting those conditions is included in motorcycle-specific violations. Details of motorcycle-specific violations will be discussed later.

[0011] The evaluation server 51 evaluates the driving of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 based on the results of the detection of two-wheel-specific violations by the two-wheeled violation detection device 101.

[0012] 1, the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is equipped with a two-wheeled traffic violation detection device 101, and the evaluation server 51 is provided outside the two-wheeled vehicle 90. The two-wheeled vehicle 90 and the evaluation server 51 are connected via a wide area communication network 70 and are capable of communicating with each other. In addition to the two-wheeled vehicle 90, the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is also equipped with a high-definition locator (HDL) 30 and an in-vehicle local area network (LAN) 31.

[0013] The HDL 30 is configured with a satellite positioning device 301, a processing unit 302, and a high definition (HD) map database (DB) 303. The satellite positioning device 301 measures the position of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 with centimeter accuracy using highly accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. The GNSS positioning performed by the satellite positioning device 301 may be any method that provides centimeter accuracy, but for example, a method compatible with the Centimeter Level Augmentation Service (CLAS) or a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) method may be adopted.

[0014] The HD map DB 303 stores high-precision map information having road shape information for each lane.

[0015] The processing unit 302 compares the position information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 acquired from the satellite positioning device 301 with the high-precision map stored in the HD map DB 303 to detect more detailed information about the position of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 and create position-related information. The position-related information includes information on whether the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is traveling within a lane. If the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is traveling within a lane, the position-related information includes information on the lane the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is traveling in. If the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is not traveling within a lane, the position-related information may also include information on where the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is traveling outside the lane, such as on the shoulder, shoulder strip, or sidewalk.

[0016] Next, a description will be given of the configuration of the two-wheeled traffic violation detection device 101. The two-wheeled traffic violation detection device 101 is configured to include an information acquisition unit 11, a detection unit 12, and a vehicle-side communication unit 13.

[0017] The information acquisition unit 11 includes a location information acquisition unit 111 , a map information acquisition unit 112 , an ID acquisition unit 113 , and a driving information acquisition unit 114 .

[0018] The position information acquisition unit 111 acquires the position-related information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 from the processing unit 302 of the HDL 30 .

[0019] The map information acquisition unit 112 acquires high-precision map information of the area around the two-wheeled vehicle 90 from the processing unit 302 of the HDL 30. This high-precision map information may include road attributes or POI (Point of Interest) information.

[0020] The ID acquisition unit 113 acquires an individual ID from the in-vehicle LAN. The individual ID may be a vehicle ID uniquely assigned to the two-wheeled vehicle 90, or a driver ID uniquely assigned to the driver of the two-wheeled vehicle 90. The information acquisition unit 11 may acquire the driver ID input using an input device (not shown), may receive the driver ID from a mobile communication terminal held by the driver, or may acquire the driver ID by bio-authentication.

[0021] The driving information acquisition unit 114 acquires driving control information, which is information related to driving control of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, from the in-vehicle LAN. The driving control information includes, for example, information on the speed, acceleration, and bank angle of the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0022] The detection unit 12 detects two-wheel specific violations committed by the two-wheel vehicle 90 based on the various information acquired by the information acquisition unit 11, and creates violation information by linking the detection result to the individual ID of the two-wheel vehicle 90.

[0023] The vehicle-side communication unit 13 transmits the violation information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 to the evaluation server 51 via the wide area communication network 70 .

[0024] Next, a description will be given of the configuration of the assessment server 51. The assessment server 51 is configured to include an information acquisition unit 511, a temporary storage unit 512, an assessment unit 513, a storage unit 514, and a server-side communication unit 515.

[0025] The server-side communication unit 515 communicates with the outside of the evaluation server 51 via the wide area communication network 70 and receives violation information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 from the two-wheeled violation detection device 101 .

[0026] The information acquisition unit 511 acquires violation information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 from the server-side communication unit 515 .

[0027] The temporary storage unit 512 temporarily stores the violation information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 acquired by the information acquisition unit 511 .

[0028] The evaluation unit 513 performs a driving evaluation for each individual ID based on the violation information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 stored in the temporary storage unit 512 , and stores the results of the driving evaluation in the storage unit 514 .

[0029] <A-2. Operation> Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101. The operation of the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 will be described below in accordance with the flow in Figure 2. The flow in Figure 2 starts when the two-wheeled vehicle 90 starts traveling. First, in step S101, the information acquisition unit 11 acquires various information. The various information includes time-series data of the position-related information and travel control information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, an individual ID, and map information about the area around the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0030] Next, in step S102, the detection unit 12 determines, based on the various information acquired in step S101, whether or not a two-wheel specific violation has been committed by the two-wheel vehicle 90. Specifically, the detection unit 12 collates the time-series data of the position-related information and the driving control information with the map information to detect whether or not a two-wheel specific violation has been committed.

[0031] Specific examples of motorcycle-specific violations are described below. Note that the following motorcycle-specific violations may be evaluated as more serious the greater the speed or acceleration at the time of the violation.

[0032] The first type of motorcycle-specific violation is driving in unauthorized areas where motorcycles and four-wheeled vehicles are not permitted. Non-authorized areas include, for example, squares, parks, and facilities. Normally, four-wheeled vehicles are physically restricted from entering these areas by guardrails or poles. However, motorcycles can enter these areas due to their small width.

[0033] Non-permitted areas include sidewalks. In addition to the act of continuously riding on the sidewalk, frequently crossing between the roadway and the sidewalk is also included in motorcycle-specific violations. "Frequently" means, for example, every few meters or every 10-odd seconds. Figure 3 shows a two-wheeled vehicle 90 frequently crossing from the roadway 40 onto the sidewalk 42. In Figure 3, arrow 91 indicates the path of the two-wheeled vehicle 90. Normally, the sidewalk 42 is separated from the roadway 40 by a curb 41, a guardrail, or a roadside tree 43, so four-wheeled vehicles cannot travel in this manner.

[0034] If the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is something other than a bicycle, the non-permitted area may include a bicycle-only road.

[0035] Non-permitted areas include roadside strips.

[0036] The second type of violation specific to motorcycles is meandering within a single lane, as shown in Figure 4. In Figure 4, arrow 93 indicates the path of the motorcycle 90. Although this behavior is not a traffic violation, it is considered a violation specific to motorcycles as it is a violation of etiquette. Meandering within a single lane is a violation specific to motorcycles 90, which have a small vehicle width. A four-wheeled vehicle 92, which has a large vehicle width, can snake across multiple lanes as shown in Figure 5, but it cannot snake within a single lane. In Figure 5, arrow 94 indicates the path of the four-wheeled vehicle 92.

[0037] When the two-wheeled vehicle 90 snakes around in a single lane, the vehicle body tilts repeatedly from side to side. Therefore, the detection unit 12 may detect snakes around in a single lane from bank angle information included in the driving control information.

[0038] The third type of violation specific to motorcycles is the driving of multiple motorcycles 90a, 90b side by side in the same lane, as shown in Figure 6. This behavior is not a traffic violation, but it is a violation of etiquette and is therefore a violation specific to motorcycles. Four-wheeled vehicles with a vehicle width of half or more of the lane width are not allowed to drive side by side in the same lane.

[0039] The third type of violation specific to motorcycles is wrong-way driving on the shoulder of the road, as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 shows a situation in which a two-wheeled vehicle 90 is driving the wrong way on the shoulder of the road while four-wheeled vehicles 95a and 95b are driving on the roadway 40. In Figure 7, an arrow 96 indicates the path of the two-wheeled vehicle 90. Driving in the forward direction on the shoulder of the road may also be included in the violation specific to motorcycles. Even if driving in the forward direction on the shoulder of the road does not constitute a traffic violation, driving on the shoulder to pass other vehicles is dangerous.

[0040] The fourth type of violation specific to motorcycles is a U-turn within a single lane, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 shows a motorcycle 90 making a sudden U-turn within a single lane and traveling in the wrong direction. In Figure 8, arrow 97 indicates the path of the motorcycle 90. It is difficult for a four-wheeled vehicle, which has a large width, to make a U-turn within a single lane.

[0041] If a two-wheel-specific violation is detected in step S102, the detection unit 12 generates violation information in step S103 linking the detection result of the two-wheel-specific violation committed by the two-wheeled vehicle 90 to the individual ID of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, and the vehicle-side communication unit 13 transmits the violation information to the evaluation server 51. This violation information includes the type of two-wheel-specific violation, the individual ID of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 that committed the two-wheel-specific violation, as well as the date, time, and location of the two-wheel-specific violation and driving control information at the time.

[0042] If no two-wheel-specific violation has been detected in step S102, or after step S103, the detection unit 12 determines in step S104 whether or not the two-wheel vehicle 90 has finished traveling, based on the traveling control information acquired by the traveling information acquisition unit 114. For example, the detection unit 12 may determine that the two-wheel vehicle 90 has finished traveling when the engine of the two-wheel vehicle 90 is turned off, or when the time period during which the vehicle speed of the two-wheel vehicle 90 remains at 0 continues for a certain period of time or longer.

[0043] If the traveling of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 has not ended in step S104, the processing of the two-wheeled traffic violation detection device 101 returns to step S101. If the traveling of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 has ended in step S104, the processing of the two-wheeled traffic violation detection device 101 ends.

[0044] 2, when the violation information is sent from the two-wheeled violation detection device 101 to the evaluation server 51, the following process is performed in the evaluation server 51. The information acquisition unit 511 acquires the violation information via the server-side communication unit 515 and stores it in the temporary storage unit 512.

[0045] The evaluation unit 513 performs a driving evaluation for each vehicle ID or driver ID at predetermined times using the violation information stored in the temporary storage unit 512 and the evaluation information stored in the storage unit 514, and updates the evaluation information in the storage unit 514. The predetermined times here include, for example, every fixed period, such as once a week, when a signal indicating the end of travel is received from the two-wheeled vehicle 90, or when violation information is received. The driving evaluation can be calculated based on the type of two-wheel-specific violation, the speed or acceleration at the time of the two-wheel-specific violation, and the frequency of the two-wheel-specific violation. However, of these, the type of two-wheel-specific violation is an essential element for the driving evaluation. Specific examples of evaluation elements will be described below. The evaluation unit 513 performs a driving evaluation based on at least one of the evaluation elements shown below.

[0046] The first evaluation factor is the type of motorcycle-specific violation. For example, a bad driving score is assigned to a motorcycle-specific violation that involves driving the wrong way or a high possibility of hitting a pedestrian. According to this evaluation factor, a worse driving score is assigned to driving the wrong way on the shoulder of the road and making a U-turn within a single lane than to other types of violations.

[0047] The second evaluation factor is the speed or acceleration at the time of the motorcycle-specific violation. The higher the speed or acceleration at the time of the motorcycle-specific violation, the higher the risk of colliding with other traffic participants, and therefore the worse the driving evaluation will be given.

[0048] The third evaluation element is the degree of inconvenience to nearby traffic participants. The greater the degree of inconvenience, the worse the driving evaluation is given. When the two-wheeled vehicle 90 commits a two-wheel-specific violation, the more nearby traffic participants there are, the greater the inconvenience to those traffic participants. Therefore, the evaluation unit 513 assigns a worse driving evaluation the more nearby traffic participants there are. The detection unit 12 of the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 may detect the number of nearby traffic participants using a surrounding detection device that detects the area around the two-wheeled vehicle 90, or may obtain traffic volume from a traffic information system such as VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System, registered trademark) to determine the number of nearby traffic participants. Information regarding the number of nearby traffic participants detected in this way is included in the violation information and transmitted from the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 to the evaluation server 51.

[0049] The fourth evaluation element is the history of motorcycle-specific violations committed by the two-wheeled vehicle 90 or its driver. The more frequently a motorcycle-specific violation is committed, the worse the driving evaluation is assigned. The evaluation unit 513 may perform a driving evaluation by assigning a higher weight to recent motorcycle-specific violations and a lower weight to more recent motorcycle-specific violations, so that even if a driver has committed a motorcycle-specific violation in the past, the driving evaluation improves as a period of time passes without committing a motorcycle-specific violation. Furthermore, the evaluation unit 513 may determine that a two-wheeled vehicle 90 or its driver that is increasingly committing motorcycle-specific violations requires caution and may further lower the driving evaluation or may notify the two-wheeled vehicle 90 or its driver to encourage improvement.

[0050] The evaluation unit 513 may input evaluation factors into a trained CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and perform driving evaluation. In this case, the evaluation unit 513 may input video or image information of the surrounding area when the two-wheeled vehicle 90 commits a two-wheeled vehicle specific violation to the CNN. The evaluation unit 513 may also analyze trends in two-wheeled vehicle specific violations committed by the two-wheeled vehicle 90 and notify the two-wheeled vehicle 90 of the analysis results to encourage improvement.

[0051] As described above, the motorcycle violation detection device 101 according to the first embodiment includes an information acquisition unit 11 that acquires high-precision position information and high-precision map information of the target vehicle, which is the two-wheeled vehicle 90, as well as an individual ID of the target vehicle or the driver of the target vehicle, and a detection unit 12 that detects motorcycle-specific violations committed by the target vehicle based on the high-precision position information and high-precision map information and creates violation information that links the detection results of the motorcycle-specific violations to the individual ID. The violation information is used to evaluate the driving of the target vehicle or its driver. Therefore, the violation information detected by the motorcycle violation detection device 101 can be used to perform an appropriate driving evaluation specific to two-wheeled vehicles.

[0052] <A-3. Modifications> In Fig. 1, the information acquisition unit 11 acquires map information from the HDL 30 mounted on the two-wheeled vehicle 90. However, a high-precision map database may be provided within the two-wheeled vehicle 90 separately from the HDL 30, or the information acquisition unit 11 may download high-precision map information from a map distribution server. In this case, the HDL 30 is not essential for the two-wheeled vehicle 90, and it is sufficient if a high-precision positioning device is provided on the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0053] Although the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 and the HDL 30 are shown as separate components in FIG. 1, the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 may include the HDL 30.

[0054] 1 , the components of the motorcycle violation detection device 101 and the components of the assessment server 51 may be located in either the motorcycle 90 or the assessment server 51, as long as there is no contradiction. For example, the information acquisition unit 11 may be provided in the motorcycle 90, and the detection unit 12 may be provided in the assessment server 51. In this case, information acquired by the information acquisition unit 11 may be transmitted from the motorcycle 90 to the assessment server 51. At this time, video information of the area around the motorcycle 90 when the motorcycle 90 committed a motorcycle-specific violation may be transmitted from the motorcycle 90 to the assessment server 51. Furthermore, the motorcycle 90 may simply estimate whether or not the motorcycle 90 has committed a motorcycle-specific violation based on sensor information such as acceleration, bank angle, and vibration. Then, all information may be transmitted from the two-wheeled vehicle 90 to the evaluation server 51 only in sections where it is simply presumed that a two-wheeled vehicle-specific violation has been committed, and in sections where it is not simply presumed that a two-wheeled vehicle-specific violation has been committed, only the location information and individual ID of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 may be transmitted from the two-wheeled vehicle 90 to the evaluation server 51.

[0055] In the first embodiment, the detection unit 12 detected only motorcycle-specific violations, and the evaluation unit 513 performed a driving evaluation based only on the motorcycle-specific violations. However, the detection unit 12 may also detect common violations in addition to motorcycle-specific violations, and the evaluation unit 513 may perform a driving evaluation based on both the motorcycle-specific violations and the common violations. In this case, the detection unit 12 detects common violations committed by the motorcycle 90 based on the high-precision position information and high-precision map information, and includes the detection result of the common violation in the violation information, linked to an individual ID.

[0056] Here, common violations refer to traffic violations or etiquette violations that are common to both motorcycles and automobiles. For example, common violations include speeding, ignoring traffic signals, violating no-entry signs, and failing to stop. For example, the more violation points a traffic violation carries, the worse the driving evaluation.

[0057] The evaluation unit 513 performs driving evaluation by taking into account the degree of inconvenience to nearby traffic participants as a third evaluation factor. The map information acquired by the map information acquisition unit 112 may include information on pedestrian areas where pedestrians need to be particularly careful and walking times (hereinafter referred to as pedestrian caution information), which are times when pedestrians need to be particularly careful in the pedestrian areas. In this case, the evaluation unit 513 can calculate in detail the degree of inconvenience to pedestrians caused by the motorcycle-specific violation based on the pedestrian caution information. For example, the pedestrian area is a school route for kindergarten or elementary school children, and the walking time is school hours. The evaluation unit 513 may determine that the degree of inconvenience to pedestrians is greater when the non-permit area in which the motorcycle 90 has committed the motorcycle-specific violation is a pedestrian area included in the pedestrian caution information, compared to other cases.

[0058] Furthermore, when the two-wheeled vehicle 90 travels in a non-permitted area, such as a sidewalk, as a violation specific to two-wheeled vehicles, the evaluation unit 513 may determine that the greater the number of pedestrians in the non-permitted area, the greater the degree of nuisance. For example, when the two-wheeled vehicle 90 travels in a non-permitted area as a violation specific to two-wheeled vehicles, the evaluation unit 513 may evaluate the degree of nuisance as higher if pedestrians are present in the non-permitted area compared to when no pedestrians are present. The presence or number of pedestrians on the sidewalk can be obtained by a surrounding detection device mounted on the two-wheeled vehicle 90, pedestrian detection infrastructure installed on the road, or location information acquired from a communication device carried by the pedestrian. FIG. 9 shows the two-wheeled vehicle 90 traveling on a sidewalk 42 where a pedestrian 98 is present. In FIG. 9, an arrow 99 indicates the path of the two-wheeled vehicle 90. If a pedestrian 98 is present on the sidewalk 42, the two-wheeled vehicle 90 travels while avoiding the pedestrian 98. Therefore, when the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is meandering on the sidewalk, the evaluation unit 513 may estimate the presence or absence of pedestrians from the meandering pattern. Furthermore, the evaluation unit 513 may determine that a pedestrian is present when the two-wheeled vehicle 90 travels at a speed close to the walking speed of a pedestrian and meanders to avoid the pedestrian. Furthermore, the two-wheeled vehicle 90 may estimate that the two-wheeled vehicle 90 has avoided the pedestrian based on the timing of the meandering and the timing of the acceleration or braking.

[0059] The detection unit 12 may be configured not to detect two-wheeled vehicle-specific violations when the driver is pushing the two-wheeled vehicle 90, even if the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is traveling in a non-permitted area. Furthermore, in some countries or regions, electric kick scooters may be permitted to ride on sidewalks if the traveling speed is below a predetermined value and certain conditions are met. If such permitting conditions are met, the detection unit 12 may be configured not to detect two-wheeled vehicle-specific violations.

[0060] <B. Second Embodiment> <B-1. Configuration> Fig. 10 is a configuration diagram of a two-wheeled driving evaluation system 1002 according to the second embodiment. The two-wheeled driving evaluation system 1002 is configured to include a two-wheeled driving violation detection device 101 and an evaluation server 52. The evaluation server 52 includes an information provider 516 in addition to the configuration of the evaluation server 51 according to the first embodiment. An operator terminal 71 and a personal terminal 72 are also connected to the wide area communication network 70.

[0061] The operation terminal 71 is a terminal, such as a smartphone or a personal computer, used by a vehicle operator who provides rental or sharing services for the two-wheeled vehicle 90. The operation terminal 71 has a function of acquiring and displaying evaluation information for the two-wheeled vehicle 90 from the evaluation server 52.

[0062] The personal terminal 72 is a terminal, such as a smartphone or a personal computer, used by an individual user who has concluded an information provision contract with the evaluation server 52. The personal terminal 72 has a function of acquiring and displaying evaluation information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 from the evaluation server 52.

[0063] The information providing unit 516 outputs the driving evaluation information (hereinafter referred to as "evaluation information") stored in the memory unit 514 to the outside of the evaluation server 52. Specifically, the information providing unit 516 transmits the evaluation information to the operation terminal 71 or the personal terminal 72 via the wide area communication network 70.

[0064] <B-2. Providing Information to Vehicle Operators> When the information providing unit 516 receives a request to provide evaluation information from outside the evaluation server 52, it performs a predetermined authentication process and provides evaluation information for each vehicle ID or individual ID stored in the evaluation information storage unit in accordance with the request. The evaluation information is provided in various forms, such as a driving level that is an overall evaluation, a driving violation history, details of the driving violation, and a radar chart for each violation. The evaluation information may also include location information of the location where the motorcycle-specific violation was committed.

[0065] The operation terminal 71 of the vehicle operator acquires evaluation information of users who have contracts with two-wheeled vehicles 90 managed by the vehicle operator from the evaluation server 52. The vehicle operator can grasp the evaluation information of users using the operation terminal 71 and utilize the user evaluations in the services it provides. For example, the vehicle operator can reduce the loan amount for users with good evaluations and increase or terminate the loan amount for users with bad evaluations.

[0066] The information providing unit 516 may provide the operator terminal 71 with information about the two-wheeled vehicle 90's two-wheeled vehicle specific violation at the timing of detecting the two-wheeled vehicle 90's two-wheeled vehicle specific violation. In this case, the vehicle operator can immediately stop the operation of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 or carry out procedures to recover the two-wheeled vehicle 90 based on the two-wheeled vehicle 90's location information.

[0067] <B-3. Provision of Individual Information> The information provision unit 516 may notify the personal terminal 72 of a user who has signed an information provision contract of location information of two-wheeled vehicles 90 with poor driving evaluations and the type of two-wheeled vehicle-specific violation committed by the two-wheeled vehicle 90. When the user activates the information provision app on the personal terminal 72, the information provision unit 516 receives the location information of the personal terminal 72 and transmits to the personal terminal 72 location information, etc. of two-wheeled vehicles 90 with poor driving evaluations that are located in the vicinity of the personal terminal 72. The personal terminal 72 then displays the locations of nearby two-wheeled vehicles 90 with poor driving evaluations on a map.

[0068] The information providing unit 516 may transmit to the personal terminal 72 real-time or past history location information and the like of two-wheeled vehicles 90 with poor driving evaluations in an area specified by the personal terminal 72. This allows the personal terminal 72 to display the distribution of two-wheeled vehicles 90 with poor driving evaluations in the specified area. In this way, the information providing unit 516 outputs the occurrence status of two-wheeled vehicle-specific violations to the outside of the evaluation server 52 in a format that can be reflected on a map.

[0069] <C. Embodiment 3> <C-1. Configuration> Fig. 11 is a configuration diagram of a motorcycle driving evaluation system 1003 according to Embodiment 3. The motorcycle driving evaluation system 1003 is configured to include a motorcycle violation detection device 103 and an evaluation server 53. The motorcycle violation detection device 103 is configured to include a processing execution unit 14 in addition to the configuration of the motorcycle violation detection device 101 according to Embodiment 1 or 2. The evaluation server 53 is configured to include a control unit 517, a vehicle management unit 518, and a user management unit 519 in addition to the configuration of the evaluation server 51 according to Embodiment 1. The motorcycle violation detection device 103 and the evaluation server 53 are connected via a wide area communication network 70.

[0070] The two-wheeled vehicle driving evaluation system 1003 is a system used by a vehicle operator who operates a rental service or sharing service for two-wheeled vehicles 90, and includes a driving evaluation function.

[0071] In this embodiment, the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is a vehicle that a vehicle operator allows a user to use as a rental vehicle or a sharing vehicle. In this embodiment, the two-wheeled vehicle 90 also includes a locking mechanism 32 and an alarm device 33.

[0072] The vehicle-side communication unit 13 communicates with the two-wheeled vehicle 90 and the assessment server 53. The vehicle-side communication unit 13 transmits position information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 and violation information of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 detected by the detection unit 12 to the assessment server 53. The vehicle-side communication unit 13 receives various commands from the assessment server 53.

[0073] The treatment execution unit 14 acquires a treatment command from the evaluation server 53 and controls the equipment of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 .

[0074] The notification device 33 notifies the user in the form of voice or display. When the notification is made by voice, the notification device 33 includes a speaker, and when the notification is made by display, the notification device 33 includes a display device.

[0075] The locking mechanism 32 is a mechanism that restricts the traveling of the two-wheeled vehicle 90. The locking mechanism 32 not only restricts the speed of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 but is also capable of stopping the traveling of the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0076] The evaluation server 53 is a server that manages the two-wheeled vehicle 90 and is used by the vehicle operator. The server-side communication unit 515 communicates with one or more two-wheeled vehicles 90. The temporary storage unit 512, the evaluation unit 513, and the storage unit 514 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0077] The user management unit 519 manages user information. The management of user information includes user registration, user deletion, accepting reservations for use of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, recording the use of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, recording the user's driving evaluation, and adjusting the conditions of use of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 based on the user's driving evaluation. The conditions of use of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 include, for example, the rental fee.

[0078] The vehicle management unit 518 manages the two-wheeled vehicle 90 on a vehicle-by-vehicle basis. The management of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 includes management of the reservation status of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, moving object management (management of location information, vehicle status, and user information currently in use), usage history management, etc.

[0079] The control unit 517 controls the user management unit 519 and the vehicle management unit 518 based on access from the user. The control unit 517 also issues a processing command to the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 depending on the status of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 committing a two-wheeled vehicle specific violation. Specifically, when the information acquisition unit 511 acquires violation information from a specific two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101, the control unit 517 issues a warning command to that two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101. Upon receiving the warning command, the processing execution unit 14 of the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 uses the notification device 33 to issue a warning to the driver, who is the user, of the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0080] If the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation is not resolved even after the warning command, the control unit 517 repeatedly issues warning commands to the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101. Furthermore, if the two-wheeled vehicle 90 continues to commit the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation even after issuing multiple warnings, the control unit 517 issues a travel restriction command. Upon receiving the travel restriction command, the action execution unit 14 of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 controls the lock mechanism 32 to restrict the travel of the two-wheeled vehicle 90. Here, a speed restriction may be imposed, or further, a measure may be taken to gradually reduce the speed and ultimately stop the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0081] If the two-wheel specific violation by the two-wheel vehicle 90 is not resolved even after the warning is issued, the control unit 517 notifies the evaluation unit 513 of that fact, and the evaluation unit 513 may lower the evaluation of the user using the two-wheel vehicle 90. Furthermore, if the user's evaluation falls below a predetermined threshold, the user management unit 519 may suspend the user's account.

[0082] The control unit 517 may also acquire a user rating from the user management unit 519, and the lower the user rating, the fewer the number of repetitions of the warning command before issuing a travel restriction command to the two-wheeled vehicle 90 used by that user. The control unit 517 may also determine whether the action command should be a warning command or a travel restriction command based on the type of two-wheel-specific violation committed by the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0083] <C-2. Modifications> A drive recorder may be installed in the two-wheeled vehicle 90, and video information recorded by the drive recorder may be transmitted from the vehicle-side communication unit 13 to the evaluation server 53. The evaluation unit 513 may then evaluate the driving of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 based on the video information recorded by the drive recorder. Furthermore, the control unit 517 may issue a treatment command based on the video information recorded by the drive recorder.

[0084] If the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is equipped with a DMS (Driver Monitoring System), which is a driver recognition unit that recognizes the driver, the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 may use the DMS to perform facial recognition of the driver of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, confirm whether the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is being driven by an authorized user who has entered into a usage contract with the vehicle operator, and transmit information on whether the driver is an authorized user to the evaluation server 53. If the driver of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is not an authorized user, the evaluation unit 513 may lower the evaluation of the authorized user on the grounds that the driver is allowing another person to use the two-wheeled vehicle 90, or the control unit 57 may issue a processing command to the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 corresponding to the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0085] Furthermore, if the driver of the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is not an authorized user, the evaluation unit 513 may register the driver as an associated user An related to authorized user A based on facial authentication, and perform a driving evaluation on the driver as associated user An. In this case, the driving evaluation of authorized user A is linked to the driving evaluation of associated user An. That is, if the driving evaluation of associated user An is low, the driving evaluation of authorized user A will also be low accordingly, and if the driving evaluation of associated user An is high, the driving evaluation of authorized user A will also be high accordingly.

[0086] Although face authentication has been described above as an example of user authentication, any method of user authentication may be used, such as fingerprint authentication or other biometric authentication. Furthermore, user authentication may be performed based on ID information stored on a mobile information terminal owned by the driver.

[0087] If a DMS is installed in the two-wheeled vehicle 90, the two-wheeled vehicle violation detection device 101 may use the DMS to recognize the driver's emotions and transmit emotion information resulting from the emotion recognition to the evaluation server 53. The control unit 517 may also issue a processing command based on the emotion information. For example, if a two-wheeled vehicle specific violation by the two-wheeled vehicle 90 is detected and at the same time a negative emotion such as anger is detected in the driver of the two-wheeled vehicle 90, the control unit 517 may immediately issue a driving restriction command regardless of the driving evaluation of the two-wheeled vehicle 90.

[0088] <D. Hardware Configuration> The information acquisition unit 11, detection unit 12, vehicle-side communication unit 13, and action execution unit 14 in the above-mentioned two-wheeled vehicle violation detection devices 101, 103, and the information acquisition unit 511, temporary storage unit 512, evaluation unit 513, storage unit 514, server-side communication unit 515, information provision unit 516, control unit 517, vehicle management unit 518, and user management unit 519 in the evaluation servers 51, 52, 53 are realized by a processing circuit 81 shown in Fig. 12. That is, the processing circuit 81 includes the information acquisition unit 11, detection unit 12, vehicle-side communication unit 13, action execution unit 14, information acquisition unit 511, temporary storage unit 512, evaluation unit 513, storage unit 514, server-side communication unit 515, information provision unit 516, control unit 517, vehicle management unit 518, and user management unit 519 (hereinafter referred to as the "information acquisition unit 11, etc."). Dedicated hardware or a processor that executes a program stored in memory may be applied to the processing circuit 81. The processor may be, for example, a central processing unit, a processing unit, an arithmetic unit, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, or a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).

[0089] When the processing circuitry 81 is dedicated hardware, the processing circuitry 81 may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof. Each function of each unit such as the information acquisition unit 11 may be realized by a plurality of processing circuits 81, or the functions of each unit may be realized together by a single processing circuit.

[0090] When the processing circuit 81 is a processor, the functions of the information acquisition unit 11 and the like are realized by a combination of software, etc. (software, firmware, or software and firmware). The software, etc. is written as a program and stored in memory. As shown in FIG. 13 , the processor 82 applied to the processing circuit 81 realizes the functions of each unit by reading and executing a program stored in the memory 83. In other words, the motorcycle driving evaluation systems 1001, 1002, 1003 include a memory 83 for storing a program that, when executed by the processing circuit 81, results in the processing of the functions of the information acquisition unit 11 and the like. In other words, this program can be said to cause a computer to execute the procedure or method of the information acquisition unit 11 and the like. Here, the memory 83 may be, for example, a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), or an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), a HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and its drive device, or any storage medium that will be used in the future.

[0091] The above describes a configuration in which each function of the information acquisition unit 11 and the like is realized either by hardware or software, etc. However, this is not limited to this, and a configuration in which part of the information acquisition unit 11 and the like is realized by dedicated hardware and another part is realized by software, etc. For example, the functions of the detection unit 12 and the evaluation unit 513 can be realized by processing circuits as dedicated hardware, and the functions of the other units can be realized by the processing circuit 81 as the processor 82 reading and executing programs stored in the memory 83.

[0092] As described above, the processing circuit can realize the above-mentioned functions by hardware, software, or a combination of these. Note that the storage units are configured with memory 83, but they may be configured with a single memory 83, or each may be configured with a separate memory.

[0093] It should be noted that the embodiments can be freely combined, and each embodiment can be modified or omitted as appropriate. The above description is an example in all respects. It is understood that countless variations not illustrated can be envisioned.

[0094] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 11 Information acquisition unit, 12 Detection unit, 13 Vehicle-side communication unit, 14 Action execution unit, 32 Locking mechanism, 33 Notification device, 51, 52, 53 Evaluation server, 70 Wide area communication network, 71 Operation terminal, 72 Personal terminal, 81 Processing circuit, 82 Processor, 83 Memory, 90, 90a, 90b Two-wheeled vehicle, 92, 95a, 95b Four-wheeled vehicle, 98 Pedestrian, 101, 103 Two-wheeled violation detection device, 111 Position information acquisition unit, 112 Map information acquisition unit, 113 ID acquisition unit, 114 Travel information acquisition unit, 301 Satellite positioning device, 302 Processing unit, 511 Information acquisition unit, 512 Temporary storage unit, 513 Evaluation unit, 514 Storage unit, 515 Server-side communication unit, 516 Information provision unit, 517 Control unit, 518 Vehicle management unit, 519 User management unit, 1001, 1002, 1003 Motorcycle driving evaluation system.

Claims

1. A motorcycle violation detection device comprising: an information acquisition unit that acquires high-precision location information of a target vehicle that is a two-wheeled vehicle, high-precision map information, and an individual ID of the target vehicle or the driver of the target vehicle; and a detection unit that detects motorcycle-specific violations committed by the target vehicle based on the high-precision location information and the high-precision map information, and creates violation information that links the detection results of the motorcycle-specific violations to the individual ID, wherein the violation information is used to evaluate the driving of the target vehicle or the driver.

2. A two-wheel driving evaluation system comprising: the two-wheel violation detection device according to claim 1; and an evaluation unit that evaluates the driving of the target vehicle or the driver for each individual ID based on the violation information.

3. The motorcycle driving evaluation system according to claim 2, wherein the motorcycle-specific violation includes traveling through a non-permitted area where the driving of four-wheeled vehicles is physically restricted and where driving of two-wheeled vehicles and four-wheeled vehicles is not permitted.

4. The motorcycle driving evaluation system according to claim 3, wherein the non-permitted area includes a sidewalk.

5. The motorcycle driving evaluation system according to claim 3, wherein the non-permitted area includes a bicycle-only road.

6. The motorcycle driving evaluation system according to claim 2, wherein the motorcycle-specific violations include making a U-turn or snaking within a single lane, or crossing between the sidewalk and the roadway.

7. The two-wheeled vehicle driving evaluation system of claim 3, wherein the evaluation unit performs a driving evaluation based on evaluation elements of the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation committed by the target vehicle or the driver, and the evaluation elements include at least one of the type of the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation, the speed or acceleration of the target vehicle at the time of the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation, the degree of inconvenience caused to nearby traffic participants by the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation, and the history of the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation.

8. The motorcycle driving evaluation system of claim 2, wherein the detection unit detects a common violation committed by the target vehicle based on the high-precision location information and the high-precision map information, and links the detection result of the common violation to the individual ID and includes it in the violation information.

9. The two-wheeled driving evaluation system of claim 7, wherein the high-precision map information includes pedestrian caution information relating to pedestrian areas predetermined as areas requiring particular caution, and the evaluation unit lowers the driving evaluation the greater the degree of nuisance caused by the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation, and determines that the degree of nuisance is greater when the non-permitted area through which the target vehicle has driven committing the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation is a pedestrian area included in the pedestrian caution information compared to when the non-permitted area is not a pedestrian area included in the pedestrian caution information.

10. The two-wheeled vehicle driving evaluation system of claim 7, wherein the evaluation unit worsens the driving evaluation the greater the degree of nuisance caused by the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation, and when the target vehicle drives through the non-permitted area due to the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation and there are pedestrians in the non-permitted area, evaluates the degree of nuisance to be higher than when there are no pedestrians.

11. The two-wheeled driving evaluation system according to claim 10, wherein the evaluation unit determines that a pedestrian is present on the sidewalk that is the non-permitted area when the target vehicle is meandering on the sidewalk that is the non-permitted area.

12. The two-wheeled vehicle driving evaluation system according to claim 3, wherein the detection unit does not detect the two-wheeled vehicle specific violation when the driver is pushing the target vehicle through the unauthorized area.

13. The motorcycle driving evaluation system according to claim 2, further comprising an information providing unit that outputs the driving evaluation to an external device of the motorcycle driving evaluation system.

14. The motorcycle driving evaluation system according to claim 13, wherein the information providing unit outputs location information of the motorcycle-specific violation to the outside.

15. The two-wheeled driving evaluation system of claim 2, wherein the target vehicle is a two-wheeled vehicle made available for use by a vehicle operator who operates a rental or sharing service to users, and the system is equipped with a user management unit that adjusts the conditions of use of the target vehicle by the user corresponding to the individual ID based on the driving evaluation, and the evaluation unit and the user management unit are provided on a server outside the target vehicle.

16. The two-wheel driving evaluation system according to claim 15, comprising: a control unit provided in the server that issues a driving restriction command to restrict the driving of the target vehicle based on the detection status of the two-wheel specific violation by the target vehicle; and a processing execution unit provided in the target vehicle that receives the driving restriction command and restricts the driving of the target vehicle.

17. The two-wheel driving evaluation system as described in claim 16, wherein the control unit issues a warning command to notify the driver of the target vehicle of a warning based on the detection status of the two-wheel specific violation by the target vehicle, the action execution unit receives the warning command and causes an alarm device mounted on the target vehicle to notify the driver of the warning, and the control unit issues the travel restriction command if the two-wheel specific violation is not resolved after the warning is issued.

18. The two-wheel driving evaluation system according to claim 17, wherein the control unit lowers the driving evaluation if the two-wheel specific violation is not resolved after the issuance of the warning.

19. A two-wheel driving evaluation system as described in claim 15, wherein the target vehicle is equipped with a driver recognition unit that recognizes the driver, the user management unit determines whether the recognized driver is an authorized user of the target vehicle, and when the driver is someone other than the authorized user, the evaluation unit performs the driving evaluation on the driver as an associated user of the authorized user, and links the driving evaluation of the associated user to the driving evaluation of the corresponding authorized user.

20. A method for evaluating two-wheeled vehicle driving, comprising: acquiring high-precision location information and high-precision map information of a target vehicle that is a two-wheeled vehicle, and an individual ID of the target vehicle or the driver of the target vehicle; detecting two-wheeled vehicle-specific violations committed by the target vehicle based on the high-precision location information and the high-precision map information; creating violation information that links the results of the detection of the two-wheeled vehicle-specific violations to the individual ID; and evaluating the driving of the target vehicle or the driver for each individual ID based on the violation information.

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