System information in wireless communication network

Abstract

The disclosure pertains to a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the method comprising transmitting a request for system information transmission for a target cell based on a configuration received from a source cell different than the target cell. The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

Description

[0001]System information in wireless communication networkTechnical fieldThis disclosure pertains to wireless communication, in particular to on-demand systeminformation. BackgroundEnergy efficency concerns are increasingly driving development of wireless communication 5technology. To improve energy efficieny, flexibility and targetability of system informationsignalling may be utilised, e.g., in the context of waking up cells. Mechanisms to facilitatesuch, in particular based on existing systems, are to be developed.SummaryIt is an object of this disclosure to provide approaches for improved system information 10signalling, and / or operations based thereon, in particular random access, in particular inthe context of NR. The approaches described may be utilised for one or more differentfrequencies ranges. For example, they may be implemented for frequency ranges (e.g.,carrier bandwidth and / or system bandwidth) for communication signalling of 1 GHz ormore, 2GHz or more, 5 GHz or more, or 6 GHz or more, or 10 GHz or more, and / or for 15millimeter wave communication, in particular for radio carrier frequencies around and / orabove 52.6 GHz, which may be considered high radio frequencies (high frequency) and / ormillimetre waves. The carrier frequency / ies may be between 52.6 and 140 GHz, e.g. witha lower border between 52.6, 55, 60, 71 GHz and / or a higher border between 71, 72, 90,114, 140 GHz or higher, in particular between 55 and 90 GHz, or between 60 and 72 20GHz; however, higher frequencies may be considered, in particular frequency of 71GHzor 72GHz or above, and / or 100 GHz or above, and / or 140 GHz or above. The carrierfrequency may in particular refer to a center frequency or maximum frequency of thecarrier. The radio nodes and / or network described herein may operate in wide-band, e.g.with a carrier bandwidth (or bandwidth or carrier aggregation) of 400MHz or more, in 25particular 1 GHz or more, or 2 GHz or more, or even larger, e.g. 6 GHz or more, or8 GHz or more; the scheduled or allocated bandwidth may be the carrier bandwidth,or be smaller, e.g. depending on channel and / or procedure. In some cases, operationmay be based on an OFDM wave-form or a SC-FDM wave-form (e.g., downlink and / oruplink), in particular a FDF-SC-FDM-based wave-form. However, operation based on a 30single carrier wave-form, e.g. SC-FDE (which may be pulse-shaped or Frequency DomainFiltered, e.g. based on modulation scheme and / or MCS), may be considered for downlinkand / or uplink. In general, different wave-forms may be used for different communicationdirections. Communicating using or utilising a carrier and / or beam may correspond tooperating using or utilising the carrier and / or beam, and / or may comprise transmitting 35P110628WO01 1 / 71on the carrier and / or beam and / or receiving on the carrier and / or beam. Operation maybe based on and / or associated to a numerology, which may indicate a subcarrier spacingand / or duration of an allocation unit and / or an equivalent thereof, e.g., in comparisonto an OFDM based system. A subcarrier spacing or equivalent frequency interval mayfor example correspond to 960 kHz, or 1920 kHz, e.g. representing the bandwidth of a 40subcarrier or equivalent.The approaches are particularly advantageously implemented in a future 6th Generation(6G) telecommunication network or 6G radio access technology or network (RAT / RAN),in particular according to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standardisationorganization). A suitable RAN may in particular be a RAN according to NR, for example 45release 18 or later, or LTE Evolution. However, the approaches may also be used withother RAT, for example future 5.5G systems or IEEE based systems.In the following, references to a cell like a source cell or target cell may be replaced and / orexpanded by reference to a beam and / or carrier; a cell may be carried and / or instantiatedon such, and / or the functionality described may pertain to a carrier and / or beam instead 50of a cell.There is disclosed a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communicationnetwork. The method comprises transmitting a request for system information trans-mission for a target cell based on a configuration received from a source cell differentthan the target cell. The method may comprise performing random access based on the 55configuration, and / or based on the request, and / or may comprise performing a wake-upprocedure for the target cell based on the configuration.Moreover, a wireless device for a wireless communication network is described. Thewireless device is adapted for transmitting a request for system information transmissionfor a target cell based on a configuration received from a source cell different than the 60target cell. The wireless device may be adapted for performing random access based onthe configuration, and / or based on the request, and / or may be adapted for performing awake-up procedure for the target cell.The request in general may be transmitted based on receiving synchronisation signalling,e.g., from the target cell. The synchronisation signalling may be SSB and / or SS / PBCH 65signalling. The request may be considered a SIB1 transmission request, and / or on-demandSIB1 signalling request, or system information request.In general, signalling received from a cell may be carried in the cell, and / or transmittedutilising the cell, and / or be transmitted in the cell. The cell from which signalling isP110628WO01 2 / 71received (e.g., by a wireless device) may be a DL cell; the wireless device may be connected 70to the cell and / or be in a RRC connected state regarding the cell. The UE may be adaptedto transmit signalling, e.g., on the cell and / or a cell associated thereto for UL signalling,e.g., an UL cell, which may be in a carrier aggregation and / or multiple connectivity(which in particular may pertain to Dual Connectivity). In general, the source cell maybe a DL cell, or an UL / DL cell, and / or the target cell may be a DL cell, or an UL / DL 75cell (UL / DL cells may in particular be used for TDD operation). Different cells may inparticular be different in terms of the carrier the cell is carried on, and / or the frequencyrange; different cells may in some cases have non-overlapping frequency ranges.In general, the wireless device may be connected to the source cell, and / or may be in anidle state and / or not connected to the target cell. 80In general, an on-demand configuration, or on-demand SIB1 configuration, or on-demandSIB1 signalling configuration, or WUS configuration or on-demand SIB1 request config-uration, or request configuration may be considered an example of a configuration. Theconfiguration may comprise, and / or indicate and / or configure, one or more configura-tion parameters, in particular for transmitting the request, for example format, and / or 85preamble, or preamble subset or set to select a preamble from (e.g., for a random accessmessage like msg1 or msgA used as request) and / or time and / or frequency resource fortransmission, and / or coding, and / or frequency range, and / or numerology and / or powerinformation (e.g., starting or reference power of transmission, and / or information regard-ing a ramping up step for retransmission), and / or periodicity of retransmission, etc. A 90request may correspond to a preamble transmission, or a message; retransmission of therequest may be considered, e.g., if no system information is transmitted in response,and / or no confirmation or response is received. The request may be transmitted pertain-ing to the target cell, e.g., based on synchronisation signalling associated to the target cell,and / or cell parameters of the target cell, which may be provided with the synchronisation 95signalling of the target cell.There is also considered a method of operating a source network node in a wireless com-munication network. The method comprises transmitting, utilising a source cell, a config-uration pertaining to requesting system information transmission for a target cell differentfrom the source cell. 100A source network node for a wireless communication network is proposed. The sourcenetwork node is adapted for transmitting, transmitting, utilising a source cell, a configu-ration pertaining to requesting system information transmission for a target cell differentfrom the source cell.P110628WO01 3 / 71Moreover, a method of operating a target network node in a wireless communication net- 105work is described. The method comprisesg transmitting information signalling indicatingsupport of on-demand system information transmission for a target cell, and / or informa-tion signalling indicating a source cell providing a configuration pertaining to requestingsystem information transmission for a target cell different from the source cell.A target network node for a wireless communication network is considered. The tar- 110get network node is adapted to transmit information signalling indicating support ofon-demand system information transmission for a target cell, and / or the information sig-nalling indicating a source cell providing a configuration pertaining to requesting systeminformation transmission for a target cell different from the source cell.The target network node may also be a source network node, e.g., one node providing 115multiple cells. The information signalling may be synchronisation signalling, in particularSSB or SS / PBCH signalling.Approaches described herein facilitate efficient, in terms of signalling and / or energy use,handling of system information signalling, e.g., in scenarios in which such signalling isrequested. 120It may be considered that the target cell supports On Demand SIB1 signalling, and / orthe system information corresponds to SIB1. Thus, the wireless device may be reliablyinformed how to access SIB1 on demand.The configuration may provided with broadcast signalling, and / or is in response to aconfiguration request. The configuration request may be transmitted on the source cell, 125and / or an UL cell associated thereto.The target cell may be adapted to not provide periodic SIB1 transmission. This may aparticularly energy efficient way of operation, as regular transmission of unknown benefitmay be omitted.It may be considered that the request for system information transmission corresponds to 130a Wake-Up Signal, and / or a random access message, in particular a msg1 or msgA. Thismay facilitate efficient wake-up and / or random access in regards of the target cell.A request for system information transmission may be transmitted based on the con-figuration from the source cell and information signalling from the target cell. Thus, afull set of parameters may be provided by different signallings; this may in particular 135facilitate overloading or overriding some information signalling structures, e.g., replacingoverloaded information in the configuration.P110628WO01 4 / 71In general, the target cell may be a cell in a carrier aggregation, e.g., a secondary cell(SCell) in a carrier aggregation and / or a cell in multiple connectivity (like Dual Connec-tivity), in particular a SCell. 140The request for system information transmission may be limited based on capabilityand / or position and / or time and / or signal quality and / or signal strength. The signalquality and / or signal strength may pertain to the source cell and / or target cell. Ingeneral, limitation may be based on validity. This may in particular ameliorate the riskthat wrong parameters are used for ambigously identified cell, e.g., target cells with the 145same PCI.A MIB and SIB1 together may contain Minimum System Information; minimum informa-tion required to perform random access procedure, and / or connect to, and / or access, thecell. A SIB1 may contain Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI). A MIB mayindicate information required to decode SIB1; SIB1 information may be cell-specific. A 150SIB1 may comprise one or more of the following: Cell Selection Information; Cell AccessRelated Information; Connection Establishment Failure Control information; SI Schedul-ing Information; Serving Cell Common Configuration; IMS Emergency Support Flag;eCall Over IMS Support Flag; UE -Timer and Constants; UAC-Barring Information; UseFull Resume ID Flag. 155A radio node, e.g. a transmitting or signalling radio node, and / or a receiving or feedbackradio node, may operate in TDD mode, e.g. switching between DL periods and ULperiods. A DL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using DLtransmissions, an UL period may be a period in which the radio node operates using ULtransmissions (e.g., a network node may transmit during DL, and receive during UL, and 160vice versa for a wireless device). It may be considered that there is a TDD guard periodbetween DL and UL periods and / or between UL and DL periods, which may comprise anumber of symbol time intervals, e.g. 10 or more symbols, or 12 or more symbols; theremay be the same duration for guard periods for DL / UL and UL / DL, or different ones.The guard period may allow switching circuitry between the different communication 165directions and / or handling of interference (in particular considering that DL signallingtends to much more powerful than (received) UL signalling). An antenna arrangementmay comprise one or more antenna elements and / or sub-arrays and / or panels; differentantenna arrangements may comprise different antenna elements and / or sub-arrays and / orpanels. Different antenna arrangements and / or panels and / or sub-arrays and / or elements 170may be adapted to be controlled or controllable separately from each other. There maybe the same number of DL and UL periods and / or the same duration associated to DLand UL (at least over a certain time interval, e.g. alternating such that one DL period isP110628WO01 5 / 71followed by one UL period, or vice versa, or different numbers or durations, e.g. (roughly)3:1 (e.g., 3 DL periods followed by a TDD guard period and 1 UL period), or (roughly) 1752:1, or even (roughly) 1:2 or 1:NU with NU 3 or larger, for UL heavy scenarios. ULperiod durations may be the same as DL period durations, or different. The distributionand / or duration of DL and UL periods may be referred to as TDD pattern; the TDDpattern may be dynamically controllable (e.g., with DCI signalling), and / or configuredor configurable, e.g. with higher layer signalling like RRC signalling or RLC signalling, 180and / or may be semi-statically configurable or configured. The TDD pattern may describethe smallest time domain distribution of DL period / s and / or UL period / s and / or TDDguard period / s repeated over time, e.g. in one or more frames and / or subframes and / orslots and / or a time duration covering multiple repetitions of the TDD pattern.It may be considered that the radio node is adapted for utilising a number NP of an- 185tenna sub-arrays and / or panels, wherein NP may be an integer number of 4 or larger. Anantenna sub-array may comprise a plurality of antenna elements, e.g. 4 or more, or 10or more, or 50 or more, or 100 or more. An antenna sub-array, and / or the antenna ele-ments associated thereto and / or comprised therein, may be associated and / or connectedor connectable to one and / or the same antenna circuitry, and / or be jointly controllable 190for analog and / or digital beam-forming, and / or be operable for joint transmission orreception. A panel may comprise a support structure, e.g. plastics and / or metallic ma-terial and / or wood, supporting one or more antenna sub-arrays, which additionally maysupport additional circuitry like antenna circuitry and / or interface circuitry. Each an-tenna sub-array may be associated for one communication direction (e.g., reception or 195transmission) and / or one functionality, e.g. communication. It may be considered thatantenna elements of an antenna sub-array share the same polarisation, e.g. horizontalor vertical. In some cases, NP may be an even number, wherein it may be consideredthat NP / 2 antenna sub-arrays (and / or their antenna elements) may be associated to afirst polarisation (e.g., horizontal or vertical or left-circular or right-circular, or any other 200suitable polarisation) and the other NP / 2 antenna sub-arrays are associated to a secondpolarisation, which may be orthogonal to the first polarisation. For example, the firstpolarisation may be horizontal with the second polarisation being vertical, or the firstpolarisation may be left-circular and the second polarisation may be right-circular. Thisallows multiple beams to be operated, with good flexibility and / or large signalling capac- 205ity. In general, an antenna arrangement associated to a radio node may comprise one ormore antenna sub-arrays, in particular an even number of antenna sub-arrays. In general,at different times, different antenna sub-arrays and / or panels may be used for differentfunctions, e.g. transmission or reception, and / or communication. The polarisation of anantenna element may be associated to a specific operation direction, e.g. for transmission 210P110628WO01 6 / 71or reception. Depending on signalling direction (transmission or reception), polarisationmay be different. For example, an antenna sub-array may be associated to a first polari-sation for transmission, and a second polarisation for reception, or vice versa. This maybe achieved, for example, by providing crossed linear antenna elements for the sub-arrays,with associated connections / circuitry according to polarisation. 215A transmitter may generally represent a device adapted for transmission, but it also maybe adapted for reception, and / or represent a TRP or radio node or antenna arrangement.In some cases, a transmitter or TRP may be controlled by a radio node, e.g. a networknode or transmitting radio node; such a node may control one or more transmitters, e.g.a first transmitter and second transmitter. 220It may be considered that operating utilising signalling like communication signalling,and / or communicating utilising signalling like communication signalling, may comprisetransmitting the signalling, e.g. communication signalling, and / or receiving the signalling,e.g. communication signalling. It may be considered that signalling like communicationsignalling is based on an OFDM wave-form, e.g. OFDM, or DFT-s-OFDM, or pulse- 225shaped DFT-s-OFDM. Such a wave-form is particularly suitable for wireless communica-tion at high frequencies and / or with high communication loads. A cyclic appendix maygenerally be a cyclic prefix, or a cyclic suffix. The appendix may represent a repetitionof a part of signalling carried by a symbol at its start (suffix) or end (prefix), which maybe appended at the opposite of the symbol (end or start); e.g. a cyclic prefix may be 230considered a repetition of the signalling at the end of the symbol it pertains to. Thecommunication signalling may be based on a waveform with cyclic appendix. A cyclicappendix may be associated to a specific symbol, it may have a duration shorter than thesymbol duration, e.g. 1 / 4 or less than 1 / 4 of the symbol duration, or 1 / 6 or less than1 / 6. 235A radio node, like a transmitting radio node or receiving radio node, may be a wirelessdevice or user equipment or terminal. Alternatively, it may be a network node or sig-nalling radio node. A radio node adapted for wireless communication may be a radionode adapted for transmitting and / or receiving communication signalling. Communica-tion signalling may be. and / or comprise, data signalling and / or control signalling and / or 240reference signalling, e.g. according to a wireless communication standard like a 3GPPstandard or IEEE standard (e.g., of WIFI or WLAN). Operating utilising communicationsignalling may comprise transmitting and / or receiving communication signalling. Theradio circuitry and / or processing circuitry and / or antenna circuitry of a radio node maybe adapted for handling communication signalling The radio node may be adapted for 245full-duplex operation, and / or half-duplex operation. Full duplex may refer to transmit-P110628WO01 7 / 71ting and receiving at the same time, e.g. using the same or different circuitries, and / orusing different antenna sub-arrays or separately operable antenna sub-arrays or antennaelements. The communication signalling may be beam-formed.A DFT-s-OFDM based wave-form may be a wave-form constructed by performing a DFT- 250spreading operation on modulation symbols mapped to a frequency interval (e.g., sub-carriers), e.g. to provide a time-variable signal. A DFT-s-OFDM based wave-form mayalso be referred to a SC-FDM wave-form. It may be considered to provide good PAPRcharacteristics, allowing optimised operation of power amplifiers, in particular for highfrequencies. In general, the approaches described herein may also be applicable to Single- 255Carrier based wave-forms, e.g. FDE-based wave-forms. Communication, e.g. on datachannel / s and / or control channel / s, may be based on, and / o utilise, a DFT-s-OFDMbased wave-form, or a Single-Carrier based wave-form.Communication may in particular on multiple communication links and / or beams and / orwith multiple targets (e.g., TRPs or other forms of transmission sources also receiving) 260and / or multiple layers at the same time; different reference signallings for multiple trans-mission or reception may be based on different sequence roots and / or combs and / or cyclicshifts. Thus, high throughput may be achieved, with low interference. In general, differentreference signallings (e.g., of the same type) may be associated to different transmissionsources and / or beams and / or layers, in particular if transmitted simultaneously and / or 265overlapping in time (e.g., considering different timing advance values if transmitted inuplink). For example, there may be first reference signalling transmitted using a firsttransmission source and / or first beam and / or first layer, and second reference signallingtransmitted using a first transmission source and / or first beam and / or first layer.Paging may in general represent a procedure in which a wireless device known to, and / or 270registered with, a network is in a quiet modus, e.g., with RRC connection and / or in idlemode, but data for the wireless device is available (e.g., due to an incoming call). Thenetwork then may send a paging message, which may indicate to the wireless device that itshould connect to the network, e.g. go into RRC connection and / or to perform a randomaccess procedure. Paging messages may be sent a specific paging occasions; the occasions 275may be configured to wireless devices, such that for example not all wireless devices haveto monitor all paging occasions.There is also described a program product comprising instructions causing processingcircuitry to control and / or perform a method as described herein. Moreover, a carriermedium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product as described herein is 280considered. An information system comprising, and / or connected or connectable, to aradio node is also disclosed.P110628WO01 8 / 71Brief description of the drawingsThe drawings are provided to illustrate concepts and approaches described herein, andare not intended to limit their scope. The drawings comprise: 285Figure 1, showing an exemplary signalling scenario;Figure 2, showing another exemplary signalling scenario;Figure 3, showing yet another exemplary signalling scenario;Figure 4 , showing an exemplary receiving radio node or wireless device; andFigure 5, showing an exemplary transmitting radio node or network node. 290Detailed descriptionIn the following, referrence is being made to a random access procedure, and / or associatedmessages. However, the approaches described may be applicable in other contexts, e.g.exchange of messages in high-speed scenarios (e.g., with drones and / or trains and / orvehicles) and / or IoT (Internet-of-Things) scenarios and / or for transmission on different 295carriers and / or different beams, and may for example be applicable for control signallingand / or data signalling also outside of a random access procedure. A UE may be seen asan exemplary receiving radio node or wireless device. The random access may be in a3GPP-based system, e.g., NR, or a 6G system, or in another system, e.g., based on WiFIand / or WLAN. 300Random access (RA) may be performed by a wireless device to access a cell and / orto start communication and / or to synchronise to a network, in particular for uplinksynchronisation, and / or for handover or other purposes. A receiving radio node like awireless device or UE may be considered to be adapted to perform random access, e.g. toperform one or more actions like transmissions and / or reception associated to a random 305access procedure on the device side; a transmitting radio node like a network node maybe considered to be adapted to perform random access, e.g. to perform one or moreactions like transmissions and / or reception associated to a random access procedure onthe network side. A UE or wireless device may be considered an example of a receivingradio node, and the terms may be interchanged. A network node or gNodeB may be 310considered an example of a transmitting radio node and the terms may be interchanged.In general, a wireless device may receive synchronisation signalling transmitted fromthe network (e.g., a signalling radio node), e.g. a transmitted SS / PBCH beam SSB0,SSB1,.... Reception of the SS / PBCH beam SSB0, ... may be with a reception beam,P110628WO01 9 / 71which may for example be associated to a random access transmission beam PRACH 315beam 0, 1, ... for the wireless device, and / or to the SS / PBCH transmission beam (asso-ciated in this context may indicate the inverse / reverse beam, and / or a beam in a specificreception direction). A reception beam may be associated to a SS / PBCH transmissionbeam, or to a group of such, e.g. comprising two or more SS / PBCH transmission beams,e.g. corresponding to a reception beam like a PRACH Rx beam having twice the width 320of a SSB beam. The wireless device may determine the best received SS / PBCH trans-mission, e.g. based on reception within a FFT window to sample the signalling, andtransmit a random access preamble in response to indicate it wants to perform randomaccess. A random access preamble may also be referred to as message 1 or Msg1; itmay be represented by a sequence of symbols to be transmitted, e.g. selected from a 325set (or two sets or more sets) of preambles available (e.g., according to configurationand / or indicated by the SS / PBCH received); the selection may be randomised, or insome cases, indicated by the network node, for example configuring a specific set and / orpreamble to the wireless device. The Msg1 or preamble may be transmitted in a randomaccess resource (also referred to as random access occasion), which may be indicated by 330and / or dependent on the SS / PBCH received, and / or be associated to the specific set ofpreambles the preamble is selected from. It may be considered that the RA preambleis transmitted using a subcarrier spacing or numerology different from the one used forcommunication; the SCS for RA may be for example be 960 kHz, wherein the commu-nication SCS may be 1920 kHz. The transmission of the RA preamble may comprise a 335number of repetitions of the preamble and / or a cyclic prefix. When a preamble sequencearrives at the network node, may depend on the distance between the wireless deviceand the receiving network node. The RA preamble transmission may be received withSSB reception beams, to e.g. determine the best reception. The received SSB may ingeneral be used for cell identification and synchronisation by the wireless device. How- 340ever, for transmissions to the network node (UL), timing might be off due to signallingtraveling time; the wireless device may generally acquire a timing advance (TA) value forUL transmissions, which may be provided by the network node. The maximum delay ofRA preamble reception may be indicative of a cell size or communication radius, whichmay be related to a maximum allowed TA. After receiving the preamble, a network node 345may transmit a random access response (RAR) or message 2 (Msg2), which may providea timing advance value (TA1) and schedule resources for uplink transmission, e.g. on aPUSCH, using a message 3 (Msg3). The Msg3 may be transmitted using the providedtiming advance value (TA1) and / or according to the communication SCS, which mayin general shift the transmission to an earlier point in time in relation to the downlink 350timing to accommodate the signal traveling time for UL transmission (e.g., so that thenetwork may receive synchronised signalling). Msg3 may be a contention resolution re-P110628WO01 10 / 71quest, e.g. containing details of the identity of the wireless device to enable to network tounambiguously identify wireless devices to finish random access. A Msg4 transmitted bythe network node may resolve the contention and / or provide setup for communication, 355e.g. to perform an RRC setup procedure. In general, multiple wireless device may tryto access the network at the same time, e.g. using the same preamble or same set ofpreambles and / or the same random access resources. The contention resolution may fa-cilitate resolving issues arising with multiple random access attempts. If a wireless devicedoes not receive a RAR, it may retransmit the RA preamble with increased power, e.g. 360using power ramping, until it receives a response and / or a maximum transmission powerhas been reached. In general, random access messages transmitted by a network nodeor signalling radio node (e.g., Msg2, Msg4) may be transmitted on a data channel, e.g.PDSCH or PSSCH; such transmission may be scheduled with a control channel messageand / or on a PDCCH or PSCCH, e.g. a DCI format message or SCI format message. 365The control channel message may be associated to a search space or CORESET, whichmay be configured or configurable with higher layer signalling, e.g. with PBCH signallingand / or RRC layer signalling, e.g. in a SS / PBCH transmission and / or a data channeltransmission, e.g. on PDSCH (e.g., for specific configuration or as System Informationmulticast or broadcast, e.g. associated to PBCH signalling). In an alternative approach, 370instead of Msg1 and 3, a single message may be transmitted, e.g. a message A or MsgA.MsgA may comprise a preamble part and / or a part with coded data, similar to a PUSCHtransmission. In response to a MsgA, there may be transmitted a MsgB, e.g. instead ofa Msg2 and Msg4. MsgB may be similar to a PDSCH transmission. This may be partof a 2-step RA procedure. For some uses cases, e.g. synchronisation, it may be sufficient 375to exchange Msg1 and Msg2 in a shortened 4-step procedure. A MsgB, and / or Msg2 orMsg4 may comprise one or more message parts, e.g. a scheduling assignment (e.g., DCIand / or PDCCH) and / or a scheduled data channel transmission. A MsgB or Msg2 mayin general schedule a transmission by the receiving radio node or UE. A random accessmessage like msg1 or msA may have a specific format (e.g., according to preamble-size 380or modulation or simular). In general, the physical channel involved with random accessmay be referred to a PRACH (Physical Random Access CHannel); associated (physicallayer) parameters may be considered PRACH parameters. For many purposes, the termsRACH and PRACH may be considered synonymous.Random access may in general be performed based on system information, which may 385be provided in different information blocks. For example, basic system information maybe included in a MiB, which may be provided via PBCH transmission, in a SSB and / ortogether with synchronisation signalling like PSS and SSS. Additional essential systeminformation may be provided in System Information Blocks (SiBs); of particular impor-P110628WO01 11 / 71tance may be a SiB1, which may provide system information essential to operate, in 390particular to perform random access. SiB1 may be provided with data signalling, e.g.,broadcast by PDSCH, which may be scheduled by a broadcast PDCCH or DCI message;such broadcast may be periodically; a search space for the DCI / PDCCH message may beindicated in the SSB and / or PBCH. Broadcast in this context may refer to being decod-able by any receiver without additional configuration, e.g., having a CRC scrambled with 395a commonly known and / or pre-defined RNTI (e.g., defined in the standard). Additionalsystem information (e.g., SiB2 or more, referred to as SiBn; n may be larger than 1) maybe provided in PDSCH, e.g., in a separate PDSCH transmission, which may be scheduledby DCI message and / or on PDCCH. This may be the same PDSCH providing SiB1, or adifferent transmission. SIBn may be broadcast, or single-cast and / or dedicated signalling, 400e.g., in response to a request transmitted by the wireless device / UE, for example a msg1,msg3 or msgA during random access; this concept may be referred to as OnDemand, e.g.,OnDemand request or OnDemand procedure or OnDemand signalling.Some system information contained in SIBs (SIBn and / other than SIB1) may be providedother than broadcast by the NW (NW is used herein to denote the network, specifically 405a network node) using the typical periodic transmissions. Such SIBs can be broadcast orprovided via dedicated signalling on demand (upon UE request) instead, e.g., if configuredaccordingly by the NW. Depending on NW configuration, the OnDemand request for theseSIBs may for example be via MSG1 (Random Access Preamble), or MSG3 (RRC SystemInformation Request), or msgA. In case of MSG3-based request, the UE may carry out a 410normal contention-based random access procedure including an RRCSystemInfoRequestmessage in MSG3, in which the UE may specify which of the SIBs / SIs it is interested in.In case of MSG1-based OnDemand signalling, the NW may have reserved one or morePRACH preambles for the request, either one preamble per individual SIB / SI or a singlepreamble for all SIBs. 415The configuration for how to request SIBs on demand may be provided in SIB1. However,if SIB1 itself is not transmitted in a cell, the existing specifications state that a UE shalltreat a cell not providing SIB1 as barred, preventing access to the cell.To provide NW energy savings, a wireless device, e.g., a Rel-19 UE, may operate to wakeup a cell (putting a cell to sleep / deactivating it may save energy, but wake-up may be 420needed for using the cell for communication or measurements) in which SIB1 temporarilymay be not provided, but where OnDemand SIB1 signalling (WUS, Wake-Up Signalling)may be supported. For this, the UE may be informed about know how to wake up thecell, and where to receive its SIB1.There are described approaches enabling a wireless device (referred to as UE for ease 425P110628WO01 12 / 71of reference) to request system information transmission, e.g., SIB1 transmission, for atarget cell, e.g., a cell normally not providing SIB1 (e.g., not periodically providing such),wherein a configuration with needed information (OnDemand SIB1 request or (WUS)configuration) may be received by the UE from another cell.OnDemand SIB1 signalling (Wake-up signal) configuration contents, provision, and ap- 430plicability are discussed herein. Replacement SIB1 resource parameter provision may beconsidered.Approaches described herein may facilitate a UE entering a cell to know whether the cellsupports OnDemand SIB1, and if so, how to ask for SIB1 on demand.WUS configuration provision may be considered. According to approaches described 435herein, in a first / source cell, a configuration, e.g., for OnDemand SIB1 signalling fora second / target cell may be provided; for the second cell, OnDemand SIB1 signallingmay be applicable, e.g., upon request with MSG1 or MSGA (and / or, a random accessmessage). This is depicted in Figure 1, which shows an exemplary deployment in whichone cell (represented by gNB1 providing the cell) provides OnDemand SIB1 configuration 440for another cell (represented by gNB2, which may be different from gNB1, or the same) inwhich OnDemand SIB1 signalling is applicable. gNB1 (source) provides configuration forOnDemand SIB1 request, the configuration pertaining to, and / or being relevant for gNB2(target). Note that the deployment depicted in Figure 1 is only exemplary. Not necessarilydifferent gNBs are involved, instead the same gNB could be hosting two different cells, 445wherein the first / source cell provides the OnDemand SIB1 signalling configuration for thesecond / target cell. Furthermore, the configuration for the target cell on which OnDemandsignalling is relevant may be provided from more than one neighboring source cells, asexemplarily depicted in Figure 2.The configuration, e.g., OnDemand configuration and / or configuration for MSG1-based 450OnDemand signalling, provided by a source cell may contain one or more of the fol-lowing parameters (also referred to a set of parameters and / or configuration parametersor WUS configuration parameters), e.g., for use for an OnDemand SI request: PRACHformat, T / F (time / frequency) positions of PRACH occasions, and / or association to theSSB, e.g., {prach −ConfigurationIndex,msg1 − FDM,msg1 − FrequencyStart, ssb − 455perRACH − Occasion}; and / or Number of preambles that may be generated, and / orassociated root sequence or sequence root, e.g., {zeroCorrelationzoneConfig, prach −RootSequenceIndex}; and / or Open-loop power control related parameters, e.g.,{preambleReceivedTargetPower, powerRampingStep}: and / or PRACH procedure re-lated parameters, e.g.,{preambleTransMax, ra−ResponseWindow, si−RequestPeriod}; 460and / or Resources used for the request (e.g., msg1, msgA), {ra−PreambleStartIndex, ra−P110628WO01 13 / 71AssociationPeriodIndex, ra− ssb−OccasionMaskIndex}, this may in general indicatea subset of preambles available. and / or a specific preamble, and / or specific resource / sto utilise for the request. These parameters and / or this information may be provided tothe UE, e.g., via a broadcast channel and / or a broadcast transmission on PDSCH, or a 465singlecast or multicast transmission, e.g. during configuration, e.g., RRC configurationor setup or reconfiguration, from a source cell, e.g., for one or more or various target cells(which may be different from the source cell).Note that, without loss of generality, gNB1, gNB2, and gNB3 mentioned herein may alsobe a single gNB with one or more target cells and / or a source cell. 470The set of parameters may be provided in a neighbor cell list and / or per target cell,for which OnDemand SIB1 signalling may be relevant. For example, the parametersmay be provided as part of SIB4’s for the cells specified in interFreqNeighCellList, forwhich OnDemand SIB1 signalling may be relevant. In some cases, the parameters maybe provided commonly and / or per carrier. It may be considered that the parameters 475or set of parameters may be configured (e.g., commonly, or individually) for a pluralityor all target cells (e.g., within a range or setup). In general, one or more or certainindividual parameters may be overridden for individual cells (such a generalised setupmay be possible, with equal or at least similar OnDemand SIB1 signalling for multiplecells commonly configured, with the possibility of individual overrides for cell / s). 480Figure 3 shows an exemplary scenario in which in a source cell / gnB1, a WUS configurationor on Demand SIB1 configuration is transmitted, e.g., with broadcast signalling. The con-figuration may pertain to a plurality of target cells 1, 2. A UE may be in sleep / RRC Idleor not connected to target cell, and try to request SIB1 from target cell 1 based on theconfiguration. 485A new SIB may be introduced for broadcast of target OnDemand SIB1 configuration.The UE may in general be made aware of which target SSBs (SSB identities, indices)and / or cells (cell identities, cellIds) the Ondemand SIB1 signalling may be applicable to.Alternatively, or additionally, the UE may obtain configuration parameters for one ormore target cells by connecting, or when connected, to the source cell (e.g., of gNB1) 490and performing (e.g., requesting and / or receiving) dedicated (e.g., singlecast, or UE-specific) signalling, e.g. RRC or MAC CE or MAC layer signalling. The signalling maycomprise transmitting a message with a WUS configuration request to gNB1 and receivinga message with WUS configuration parameters in response. If the UE supports SmallData Transmission (SDT), the UE may initiate an SDT procedure to transmit the WUS 495configuration request to gNB1 and receive the WUS configuration parameters (e.g., fromP110628WO01 14 / 71gNB1) in response, utilising the source cell and / or based on SDT, which may facilitatethe acquisition of the required WUS configuration parameters with high efficiency, due tolow signalling overhead, low energy consumption, etc.Replacement SIB1 resource parameter provision may be considered. The UE may have 500obtained information that gNB2 or the target cell provides its SIB1 information only onan on-demand basis, e.g., based on gNB2 or target cell SSB contents. The contents maybe modified compared to legacy SSB structure, e.g., to indicate to UEs capable of on-demand SIB1 acquisition that gNB2 / target cell provides its SIB1 on-demand, and thatthe UE should obtain the WUS configuration info from another node or a source cell, e.g., 505node gNB1.To achieve the on-demand SIB1 functionality indication, and / or the ability to refer tospecific cell (gNB1, or source cell) where to request it, while remaining robust to legacyUEs, some legacy parameter values in gNB2 / target cell SSB may be re-interpreted. Forexample, a MIB reserved bit may be used to indicate that gNB2 / target cell is a cell with 510on-demand SIB1 support, and / or MIB parameters, e.g. Kssb / SubcarrierOffset and / orPDCCH-ConfigSIB1, may be overloaded to indicate the (source) cell (e.g., of gNB1) asthe source of WUS configuration info and / or parameters.Original, legacy info normally carried in the overloaded field(s) may not be available inthe gNB2 / target cell SSB (being overloaded). To allow the UE to receive the SIB1 at 515the correct resources, the WUS configuration signalling may additionally comprise re-placement (actual) values of the one or more overloaded parameters. The UE may thencombine the partial SIB1 resource info or parameters obtained from the gNB2 / target cellSSB, and the additional actual values info from the WUS configuration signalling fromgNB1 / source cell, to receive the SIB1 after transmitting its WUS request to gNB2 / target 520cell. In some examples, the WUS configuration may include one or more of the Core-set0 / SearchSpaceZero configurations (e.g. those from pdcch-ConfigSIB1), dmrs-TypeA-Position, subCarrierSpacingCommon associated with the cell for which the OnDemandSIB1 configuration is applicable (e.g. gNB2, and / or target cell).In some examples, the WUS configuration may include information that otherwise be in an 525(legacy) SSB and / or MIB, and / or one or more of the Coreset / SearchSpace configuration(e.g. not necessarily identical to Coreset0 / SearchSpaceZero) associated with schedulingof OnDemand SIB1, information that may indicate the DCI size for on-demand SIB1reception (size and / or location of initial DL BWP, etc), TDD UL / DL configuration,uplink and / or downlink frequency information necessary to enable uplink transmissions 530and downlink receptions (e.g. absoluteFrequencyPointA) associated with the cell forwhich the OnDemand SIB1 configuration is applicable (e.g. gNB2 / target cell); suchP110628WO01 15 / 71information may be typically in a legacy SSB and / or MIB.It may be considered that a UE is adapted to store, and / or stores, the configuration, andupon entering or waking up a candidate target cell, e.g., for reselection, for which SIB1 is 535not transmitted, and for which the source cell provided OnDemand SIB1 signalling con-figuration, the UE may initiate, and / or be adapted to initiate, OnDemand SIB1 requestprocedure.It may be considered that transmission of a request for system information transmissionmay be limited and / or based on validity. For example, a UE may know that OnDemand 540SIB1 signalling is allowed and / or supported when entering a target cell without SIB1,e.g., purely based on that the source cell had specified the identity of the target cell ascandidate for OnDemand SIB1 signalling. Alternatively, or additionally, position-basedvalidity associated with the target cell OnDemand SIB1 signalling configuration may beconsidered. For example, in order to not risk that the UE enters another cell farther 545away with same identity (e.g., as represented by a physical cell identity, PCI, whichmay be limited in number, and thus may be reused over large areas), a validity areamay be defined. Such validity area may for example be a geographical area derived via apositioning system such as a satellite-based system or alike. Alternatively, or additionally,the configuration may only be valid as long as the UE perceives a certain signalling 550quality and / or signalling strength (above a certain threshold) of the source cell and / ortarget cell. Alternatively, or additionally, a time-based validity associated with the targetcell OnDemand SIB1 signalling configuration may be considered. A validity time (ortimer), e.g., 30 seconds, 5 min, or 1 hour, or a certain number of subframes, frames,or SFN cycles, or alike may be indicated as part of the target cell OnDemand SIB1 555signalling configuration, and / or may be defined in the specifications. Upon expiry ofthe validity time / timer, the UE may discard the target cell OnDemand SIB1 signallingconfiguration, and / or may re-acquire it from the source cell, or another (source) cell,e.g., if and when needed. Similar to a position / area-based validity, a time-based validitymay helps to prevent the UE from performing OnDemand SIB1 (WUS) signalling in 560another cell farther away with same identity. In addition, it may help to prevent theUE from performing OnDemand SIB1 (WUS) signalling with an old / outdated (e.g., nolonger valid) OnDemand SIB1 (WUS) configuration, in case the OnDemand SIB1 (WUS)configuration has changed in the meantime. Alternatively, or additionally, the UE maynot be allowed to transmit OnDemand SIB1 request on the target cell unless the SSB of 565the target cell also indicates that OnDemand SIB1 signalling is allowed and / or supported.In some variants, it may be considered that the cell / carrier / beam may support on demandSIB1 broadcast or on demand SIB1 signalling in general, a cellBarred parameter in MIBP110628WO01 16 / 71may be set to barred, so that legacy UEs are not allowed to camp in the cell / carrier / beam.For UEs that support on demand SIB1 signalling or broadcast, whether camping is possi- 570ble may depend the configuration of MIB, which may indicate that SIB1 or SIB1 broadcast(and / or associated configuration and / or parameters) in or for the target cell can be re-quested in another cell / carrier / beam, e.g., source cell. This indication in the MIB of thetarget cell may be provided using the spare bit in the MIB, or the reserved codepoint ofKssb / SubcarrierOffset (overloading such field / s). Otherwise, the cell / carrier / beam may 575also be barred for UEs that support on demand SIB1 broadcast or signalling. If theconfiguration of MIB via any of the means mentioned above or with some other indica-tion indicates that SIB1 (or corresponding configuration) of the target cell / carrier / beamcan be requested in another cell / carrier / beam to be broadcasted in the target cell, theparameter(s) ssb-SubcarrierOffset and PDCCH-ConfigSIB1 may provide a configuration 580for SIB1 broadcast or signalling when it is triggered.It may be considered that the UE may acquire the SIB1 of the target cell / carrier / beamvia one of the existin SIB, , e.g., SIB4, or a new SIB in another cell (source cell). Inthat other cell / carrier / beam, SIB1 associated with the target cell / carrier / beam can beidentified with an identifier which the UE can obtain from the MIB of the target cell. 585One such identifier may be the PCI value.The UE may acquire the preamble or a set of preambles that it can select from to triggerSIB1 signalling or broadcast in the target cell / carrier / beam. This preamble or the setof preambles may be provided as part of the system information broadcast in anothercell / carrier / beam, for example an anchor cell or source cell, which may be identified with 590an identifier, which the UE may obtain from the MIB of the target cell / carrier / beam.One such identifier can be the PCI value. The network may update / enable / disable theconfiguration for the wake-up signal, e.g., preamble or any other dedicated signal trans-mission to trigger SIB1 broadcast or signalling in the target cell / carrier / beam. In order tomake sure that the UE uses the wake-up signal when enabled or uses the right preamble, 595UEs that support this feature and camped in the cell / carrier / beam may be required tocheck MIB in the neighbor cell, anchor cell, before triggering SIB1 broadcast.Figure 4 schematically shows a radio node, in particular a wireless device or terminal 10or a UE (User Equipment). Radio node 10 comprises processing circuitry (which may alsobe referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may comprise a controller connected to a 600memory. Any module of the radio node 10, e.g. a communicating module or determiningmodule, may be implemented in and / or executable by, the processing circuitry 20, inparticular as module in the controller. Radio node 10 also comprises radio circuitry22 providing receiving and transmitting or transceiving functionality (e.g., one or moreP110628WO01 17 / 71transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers), the radio circuitry 22 being connected 605or connectable to the processing circuitry. An antenna circuitry 24 of the radio node 10is connected or connectable to the radio circuitry 22 to collect or send and / or amplifysignals. Radio circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 controlling it are configuredfor cellular communication with a network, e.g. a RAN as described herein, and / or forsidelink communication (which may be within coverage of the cellular network, or out 610of coverage; and / or may be considered non-cellular communication and / or be associatedto a non-cellular wireless communication network). Radio node 10 may generally beadapted to carry out any of the methods of operating a radio node like terminal or UEdisclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processingcircuitry, and / or modules, e.g. software modules. It may be considered that the radio 615node 10 comprises, and / or is connected or connectable, to a power supply. A DFE may beconsidered part of radio circuitry; an analog frontend may be associated to radio circuitryand / or antenna circuitry.Figure 5 schematically shows a radio node 100, which may in particular be implementedas a network node 100, for example an eNB or gNB or similar for NR. Radio node 100 620comprises processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 120,which may comprise a controller connected to a memory. Any module, e.g. transmittingmodule and / or receiving module and / or configuring module of the node 100 may be im-plemented in and / or executable by the processing circuitry 120. The processing circuitry120 is connected to control radio circuitry 122 of the node 100, which provides receiver and 625transmitter and / or transceiver functionality (e.g., comprising one or more transmittersand / or receivers and / or transceivers). An antenna circuitry 124 may be connected or con-nectable to radio circuitry 122 for signal reception or transmittance and / or amplification.Node 100 may be adapted to carry out any of the methods for operating a radio nodeor network node disclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, 630e.g. processing circuitry, and / or modules. The antenna circuitry 124 may be connectedto and / or comprise an antenna array. The node 100, respectively its circuitry, may beadapted to perform any of the methods of operating a network node or a radio node asdescribed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processingcircuitry, and / or modules. The radio node 100 may generally comprise communication 635circuitry, e.g. for communication with another network node, like a radio node, and / orwith a core network and / or an internet or local net, in particular with an information sys-tem, which may provide information and / or data to be transmitted to a user equipment.A DFE may be considered part of radio circuitry; an analog frontend may be associatedto radio circuitry and / or antenna circuitry. 640In general, the wireless device and / or network node may operate in, and / or the commu-P110628WO01 18 / 71nication signalling may be in TDD operation. It should be noted that the transmissionof signalling from transmission sources may be synchronised and simultaneous; a shift intime may occur due to different propagation times, e.g. due to different beams and / orsource locations. 645A data block may refer to a transport block, or a code block or a code block bundle. Acode block may comprise and / or represent a number of (information) bits representinginformation (e.g., data or control information), to which there may be associated, and / orwhich may further include, bits for error detection coding, e.g. CRC. The bits for errordetection coding may be determined based on the (information) bits, and / or may be error 650detection bits for the (information) bits. A code block bundle may comprise one or morecode blocks; wherein each code block may have associated to it, and / or comprise, errorcorrection bits. The error correction bits in a code block bundle may each pertain to anassociated code block; error correction bits may be specific to only one code block, e.g.determined based on bits of only one code block. Different bits and / or groups of bits 655may be associated to different code blocks. Error correction bit / s associated to a codeblock may be associated to a single code block; this may refer to the error correction bitsindicating correctness / incorrectness of the single code block, and / or calculated and / ordetermined based only on (information) bits of the single code block. Information bitsmay represent data and / or control information, e.g. associated to a data channel (data in- 660formation / bits) and / or control channel (control information / bits) code block bundle maybe a data block without error correction coding pertaining to more than one code block.A transport block may comprise error detection coding pertaining to a plurality of codeblocks, e.g. covering the code blocks it consists of. A transport block may comprise oneor more code blocks. It may be considered that a data block may be associated to, and 665or subject to, and / or correspond to, a, one and / or a single acknowledgement process, e.g.a specific HARQ process, which may correspond to and / or be represented by a HARQidentifier. A code block may correspond to a subpattern of an acknowledgement informa-tion bit pattern. In some cases, a data block may correspond and / or pertain and / or besubject to a plurality of acknowledgement processes, e.g. if there is one acknowledgement 670process per code block of the data block.A data block may comprise and / or represent information bits, which may be data bits(e.,g., user data) and / or control information bits; the information bits may be associatedto one or more data or control channels, e.g. transport channels and / or logical channels,and / or may be mapped to a specific and / or single physical channel, in particular a physical 675data channel, or in some cases, a physical control channel (in which case it may or maynot be associated to a higher layer channel like a transport channel or logical channel). Adata block may represent bits intended for transmission, e.g. encapsulating one or moreP110628WO01 19 / 71higher layer data packets, e.g. one or more MAC layer data packets, e.g. one or morePDUs (Protocol Data Unit) and / or SDUs (Service Data Unit); error correction bits, e.g. 680CRC; may be added in physical layer processing. It may be considered that bits of adata block are subject to physical layer processing like coding (e.g., forward error codingand / or adding error correction coding) and / or rate matching and / or scrambling, and / ormodulation. Modulation may correspond to mapping of bits of the processed data blockto modulation symbols, e.g. according to a modulation scheme and / or to a modulation 685space. The modulation symbols may be represented as a bit sequence until they aresubject to analog conversion (or vice versa for reception).A wireless device may in general comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, inparticular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for performing measurementand / or to control beam switch and / or control beam-forming and / or receive and / or trans- 690mit signalling like communication signalling. The wireless device may in particular beimplemented as terminal or a user equipment. However, in some cases, e.g. relay and / orback-link and / or IAB scenarios, it may be implemented as network node or network radionode. A network node may in general comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry,in particular a receiver and / or transceiver and / or transmitter, for transmitting reference 695signalling and / or a beam switch indication and / or for beam switching and / or to controlbeam switch and / or control beam-forming and / or receive and / or transmit signalling likecommunication signalling. The radio node may in particular be implemented as a networknode, e.g. a network radio node and / or base station or a relay node or IAB node. How-ever, in some cases, e.g. sidelink scenarios, the second radio node may be implemented 700as a wireless device or terminal, e.g. a user equipment.Performing a measurement may in general comprise taking a plurality of measurementsamples. As such, performing a measurement and performing measurements may beconsidered equivalent, unless explicitly explained otherwise (e.g., when referring to mea-surement at a specific occasion as opposed to measurements at a plurality of occasions). 705Monitoring for a message or signalling may in general comprise utilising receiving circuitryat resources corresponding to the resource monitored (e.g., time and / or frequency domain,accomodating for path delay effects if applicable) to determine presence or absence of themessage, and / or to receive and / or demodulate and / or decode the message, and / or toperform measurements on the signalling. 710In general, an allocation unit or block symbol may represent and / or correspond to an ex-tension in time domain, e.g. a time interval. An allocation unit or block symbol duration(the length of the time interval) may correspond to the duration of an OFDM symbol ora corresponding duration, and / or may be based and / or defined by a subcarrier spacingP110628WO01 20 / 71used (e.g., based on the numerology) or equivalent, and / or may correspond to the dura- 715tion of a modulation symbol (e.g., for OFDM or similar frequency domain multiplexedtypes of signalling). It may be considered that a block symbol comprises a plurality ofmodulation symbols, e.g. based on a subcarrier spacing and / or numerology or equivalent,in particular for time domain multiplexed types (on the symbol level for a single trans-mitter) of signalling like single-carrier based signalling, e.g. SC-FDE or SC-FDMA (in 720particular, FDF-SC-FDMA or pulse-shaped SC-FDMA). The number of symbols may bebased on and / or defined by the number of subcarrier to be DFTS-spread (for SC-FDMA)and / or be based on a number of FFT samples, e.g. for spreading and / or mapping, and / orequivalent, and / or may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A block symbolin this context may comprise and / or contain a plurality of individual modulation sym- 725bols, which may be for example 1000 or more, or 3000 or more, or 3300 or more. Thenumber of modulation symbols in a block symbol may be based and / or be dependent ona bandwidth scheduled for transmission of signalling in the block symbol. A block symboland / or a number of block symbols (an integer smaller than 20, e.g. equal to or smallerthan 14 or 7 or 4 or 2 or a flexible number) may be a unit (e.g., allocation unit) used 730for scheduling and / or allocation of resources, in particular in time domain. To a blocksymbol (e.g., scheduled or allocated) and / or block symbol group and / or allocation unit,there may be associated a frequency range and / or frequency domain allocation and / orbandwidth allocated for transmission.An allocation unit, and / or a block symbol, may be associated to a specific (e.g., physical) 735channel and / or specific type of signalling, for example reference signalling. In some cases,there may be a block symbol associated to a channel that also is associated to a formof reference signalling and / or pilot signalling and / or tracking signalling associated to thechannel, for example for timing purposes and / or decoding purposes (such signalling maycomprise a low number of modulation symbols and / or resource elements of a block symbol, 740e.g. less than 10% or less than 5% or less than 1% of the modulation symbols and / orresource elements in a block symbol). To a block symbol, there may be associated resourceelements; a resource element may be represented in time / frequency domain, e.g. by thesmallest frequency unit carrying or mapped to (e.g., a subcarrier) in frequency domainand the duration of a modulation symbol in time domain. A block symbol may comprise, 745and / or to a block symbol may be associated, a structure allowing and / or comprisinga number of modulation symbols, and / or association to one or more channels (and / orthe structure may dependent on the channel the block symbol is associated to and / oris allocated or used for), and / or reference signalling (e.g., as discussed above), and / orone or more guard periods and / or transient periods, and / or one or more affixes (e.g., 750a prefix and / or suffix and / or one or more infixes (entered inside the block symbol)),P110628WO01 21 / 71in particular a cyclic prefix and / or suffix and / or infix. A cyclic affix may representa repetition of signalling and / or modulation symbol / s used in the block symbol, withpossible slight amendments to the signalling structure of the affix to provide a smoothand / or continuous and / or differentiable connection between affix signalling and signalling 755of modulation symbols associated to the content of the block symbol (e.g., channel and / orreference signalling structure). In some cases, in particular some OFDM-based wave-forms, an affix may be included into a modulation symbol. In other cases, e.g. somesingle carrier-based wave-forms, an affix may be represented by a sequence of modulationsymbols within the block symbol. It may be considered that in some cases a block symbol 760is defined and / or used in the context of the associated structure.Communicating may comprise transmitting or receiving. It may be considered that com-municating like transmitting signalling is based on a SC-FDM based wave-form, and / orcorresponds to a Frequency Domain Filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM wave-form. However,the approaches may be applied to a Single Carrier based wave-form, e.g. a SC-FDM or 765SC-FDE-wave-form, which may be pulse-shaped / FDF-based. It should be noted that SC-FDM may be considered DFT-spread OFDM, such that SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM maybe used interchangeably. Alternatively, or additionally, the signalling (e.g., first signallingand / or second signalling) and / or beam / s (in particular, the first received beam and / orsecond received beam) may be based on a wave-form with CP or comparable guard time. 770The received beam and the transmission beam of the first beam pair may have the same(or similar) or different angular and / or spatial extensions; the received beam and thetransmission beam of the second beam pair may have the same (or similar) or differentangular and / or spatial extensions. It may be considered that the received beam and / ortransmission beam of the first and / or second beam pair have angular extension of 20 de- 775grees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 or 5 degrees or less, at least in one of horizontal orvertical direction, or both; different beams may have different angular extensions. An ex-tended guard interval or switching protection interval may have a duration correspondingto essentially or at least N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent duration, whereinN may be 2, or 3 or 4. An equivalent to a CP duration may represent the CP duration 780associated to signalling with CP (e.g., SC-FDM-based or OFDM-based) for a wave-formwithout CP with the same or similar symbol time duration as the signalling with CP.Pulse-shaping (and / or performing FDF for) a modulation symbol and / or signalling, e.g.associated to a first subcarrier or bandwidth, may comprise mapping the modulationsymbol (and / or the sample associated to it after FFT) to an associated second subcar- 785rier or part of the bandwidth, and / or applying a shaping operation regarding the powerand / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbol on the first subcarrier and thesecond subcarrier, wherein the shaping operation may be according to a shaping function.P110628WO01 22 / 71Pulse-shaping signalling may comprise pulse-shaping one or more symbols; pulse-shapedsignalling may in general comprise at least one pulse-shaped symbol. Pulse-shaping may 790be performed based on a Nyquist-filter. It may be considered that pulse-shaping is per-formed based on periodically extending a frequency distribution of modulation symbols(and / or associated samples after FFT) over a first number of subcarrier to a larger, secondnumber of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the first number of subcarriers from one end ofthe frequency distribution is appended at the other end of the first number of subcarriers. 795In some variants, communicating may be based on a numerology (which may, e.g., berepresented by and / or correspond to and / or indicate a subcarrier spacing and / or symboltime length) and / or an SC-FDM based wave-form (including a FDF-DFTS-FDM basedwave-form) or a single-carrier based wave-form. Whether to use pulse-shaping or FDF ona SC-FDM or SC-based wave-form may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., MCS) 800used. Such wave-forms may utilise a cyclic prefix and / or benefit particularly from thedescribed approaches. Communicating may comprise and / or be based on beamforming,e.g. transmission beamforming and / or reception beamforming, respectively. It may beconsidered that a beam is produced by performing analog beamforming to provide thebeam, e.g. a beam corresponding to a reference beam. Thus, signalling may be adapted, 805e.g. based on movement of the communication partner. A beam may for example be pro-duced by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a referencebeam. This allows efficient postprocessing of a digitally formed beam, without requiringchanges to a digital beamforming chain and / or without requiring changes to a standarddefining beam forming precoders. In general, a beam may be produced by hybrid beam- 810forming, and / or by digital beamforming, e.g. based on a precoder. This facilitates easyprocessing of beams, and / or limits the number of power amplifiers / ADC / DCA requiredfor antenna arrangements. It may be considered that a beam is produced by hybridbeamforming, e.g. by analog beamforming performed on a beam representation or beamformed based on digital beamforming. Monitoring and / or performing cell search may be 815based on reception beamforming, e.g. analog or digital or hybrid reception beamforming.The numerology may determine the length of a symbol time interval and / or the durationof a cyclic prefix. The approaches described herein are particularly suitable to SC-FDM,to ensure orthogonality, in particular subcarrier orthogonality, in corresponding systems,but may be used for other wave-forms. Communicating may comprise utilising a wave- 820form with cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix may be based on a numerology, and may helpkeeping signalling orthogonal. Communicating may comprise, and / or be based on per-forming cell search, e.g. for a wireless device or terminal, or may comprise transmittingcell identifying signalling and / or a selection indication, based on which a radio node re-ceiving the selection indication may select a signalling bandwidth from a set of signalling 825P110628WO01 23 / 71bandwidths for performing cell search.A beam or beam pair may in general be targeted at one radio node, or a group of radionodes and / or an area including one or more radio nodes. In many cases, a beam or beampair may be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific), such that only one radio node is servedper beam / beam pair. A beam pair switch or switch of received beam (e.g., by using a 830different reception beam) and / or transmission beam may be performed at a border of atransmission timing structure, e.g. a slot border, or within a slot, for example betweensymbols. Some tuning of radio circuitry, e.g. for receiving and / or transmitting, may beperformed. Beam pair switching may comprise switching from a second received beamto a first received beam, and / or from a second transmission beam to a first transmission 835beam. Switching may comprise inserting a guard period to cover retuning time; however,circuitry may be adapted to switch sufficiently quickly to essentially be instantaneous;this may in particular be the case when digital reception beamforming is used to switchreception beams for switching received beams.A reference beam (or reference signalling beam) may be a beam comprising reference 840signalling, based on which for example a of beam signalling characteristics may be deter-mined, e.g. measured and / or estimated. A signalling beam may comprise signalling likecontrol signalling and / or data signalling and / or reference signalling. A reference beammay be transmitted by a source or transmitting radio node, in which case one or morebeam signalling characteristics may be reported to it from a receiver, e.g. a wireless de- 845vice. However, in some cases it may be received by the radio node from another radionode or wireless device. In this case, one or more beam signalling characteristics maybe determined by the radio node. A signalling beam may be a transmission beam, or areception beam. A set of signalling characteristics may comprise a plurality of subsetsof beam signalling characteristics, each subset pertaining to a different reference beam. 850Thus, a reference beam may be associated to different beam signalling characteristics.A beam signalling characteristic, respectively a set of such characteristics, may representand / or indicate a signal strength and / or signal quality of a beam and / or a delay charac-teristic and / or be associated with received and / or measured signalling carried on a beam.Beam signalling characteristics and / or delay characteristics may in particular pertain to, 855and / or indicate, a number and / or list and / or order of beams with best (e.g., lowest meandelay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread, and / or of strongest and / orbest quality beams, e.g. with associated delay spread. A beam signalling characteristicmay be based on measurement / s performed on reference signalling carried on the refer-ence beam it pertains to. The measurement / s may be performed by the radio node, or 860another node or wireless device. The use of reference signalling allows improved accuracyP110628WO01 24 / 71and / or gauging of the measurements. In some cases, a beam and / or beam pair may berepresented by a beam identity indication, e.g. a beam or beam pair number. Such an in-dication may be represented by one or more signalling sequences (e.g., a specific referencesignalling sequences or sequences), which may be transmitted on the beam and / or beam 865pair, and / or a signalling characteristic and / or a resource / s used (e.g., time / frequencyand / or code) and / or a specific RNTI (e.g., used for scrambling a CRC for some messagesor transmissions) and / or by information provided in signalling, e.g. control signallingand / or system signalling, on the beam and / or beam pair, e.g. encoded and / or providedin an information field or as information element in some form of message of signalling, 870e.g. DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signalling.A reference beam may in general be one of a set of reference beams, the second set ofreference beams being associated to the set of signalling beams. The sets being associatedmay refer to at least one beam of the first set being associated and / or corresponding to thesecond set (or vice versa), e.g. being based on it, for example by having the same analog 875or digital beamforming parameters and / or precoder and / or the same shape before analogbeamforming, and / or being a modified form thereof, e.g. by performing additional analogbeamforming. The set of signalling beams may be referred to as a first set of beams, aset of corresponding reference beams may be referred to as second set of beams.In some variants, a reference beam and / or reference beams and / or reference signalling may 880correspond to and / or carry random access signalling, e.g. a random access preamble. Sucha reference beam or signalling may be transmitted by another radio node. The signallingmay indicate which beam is used for transmitting. Alternatively, the reference beams maybe beams receiving the random access signalling. Random access signalling may be usedfor initial connection to the radio node and / or a cell provided by the radio node, and / or for 885reconnection. Utilising random access signalling facilitates quick and early beam selection.The random access signalling may be on a random access channel, e.g. based on broadcastinformation provided by the radio node (the radio node performing the beam selection),e.g. with synchronisation signalling (e.g., SSB block and / or associated thereto). Thereference signalling may correspond to synchronisation signalling, e.g. transmitted by the 890radio node in a plurality of beams. The characteristics may be reported on by a nodereceiving the synchronisation signalling, e.g. in a random access process, e.g. a Msg3for contention resolution, which may be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channelbased on a resource allocation provided by the radio node.A delay characteristic (which may correspond to delay spread information) and / or a 895measurement report may represent and / or indicate at least one of mean delay, and / ordelay spread, and / or delay distribution, and / or delay spread distribution, and / or delayP110628WO01 25 / 71spread range, and / or relative delay spread, and / or energy (or power) distribution, and / orimpulse response to received signalling, and / or the power delay profile of the receivedsignals, and / or power delay profile related parameters of the received signal. A mean 900delay may represent the mean value and / or an averaged value of the delay spread, whichmay be weighted or unweighted. A distribution may be distribution over time / delay, e.g.of received power and / or energy of a signal. A range may indicate an interval of the delayspread distribution over time / delay, which may cover a predetermined percentage of thedelay spread respective received energy or power, e.g. 50% or more, 75% or more, 90% or 905more, or 100%. A relative delay spread may indicate a relation to a threshold delay, e.g.of the mean delay, and / or a shift relative to an expected and / or configured timing, e.g. atiming at which the signalling would have been expected based on the scheduling, and / ora relation to a cyclic prefix duration (which may be considered on form of a threshold).Energy distribution or power distribution may pertain to the energy or power received over 910the time interval of the delay spread. A power delay profile may pertain to representationsof the received signals, or the received signals energy / power, across time / delay. Powerdelay profile related parameters may pertain to metrics computed from the power delayprofile. Different values and forms of delay spread information and / or report may beused, allowing a wide range of capabilities. The kind of information represented by a 915measurement report may be predefined, or be configured or configurable, e.g. with ameasurement configuration and / or reference signalling configuration, in particular withhigher layer signalling like RRC or MAC signalling and / or physical layer signalling likeDCI signalling.In general, different beam pair may differ in at least one beam; for example, a beam 920pair using a first received beam and a first transmission beam may be considered to bedifferent from a second beam pair using the first received beam and a second transmissionbeam. A transmission beam using no precoding and / or beamforming, for example usingthe natural antenna profile, may be considered as a special form of transmission beam ofa transmission beam pair. A beam may be indicated to a radio node by a transmitter 925with a beam indication and / or a configuration, which for example may indicate beamparameters and / or time / frequency resources associated to the beam and / or a transmissionmode and / or antenna profile and / or antenna port and / or precoder associated to thebeam. Different beams may be provided with different content, for example differentreceived beams may carry different signalling; however, there may be considered cases 930in which different beams carry the same signalling, for example the same data signallingand / or reference signalling. The beams may be transmitted by the same node and / ortransmission point and / or antenna arrangement, or by different nodes and / or transmissionpoints and / or antenna arrangements.P110628WO01 26 / 71Communicating utilising a beam pair or a beam may comprise receiving signalling on a 935received beam (which may be a beam of a beam pair), and / or transmitting signalling ona beam, e.g. a beam of a beam pair. The following terms are to be interpreted fromthe point of view of the referred radio node: a received beam may be a beam carryingsignalling received by the radio node (for reception, the radio node may use a receptionbeam, e.g. directed to the received beam, or be non-beamformed). A transmission beam 940may be a beam used by the radio node to transmit signalling. A beam pair may consistof a received beam and a transmission beam. The transmission beam and the receivedbeam of a beam pair may be associated to each and / or correspond to each other, e.g.such that signalling on the received beam and signalling on a transmission beam travelessentially the same path (but in opposite directions), e.g. at least in a stationary or 945almost stationary condition. It should be noted that the terms “first” and “second”do not necessarily denote an order in time; a second signalling may be received and / ortransmitted before, or in some cases simultaneous to, first signalling, or vice versa. Thereceived beam and transmission beam of a beam pair may be on the same carrier orfrequency range or bandwidth part, e.g. in a TDD operation; however, variants with 950FDD may be considered as well. Different beam pairs may operate on the same frequencyranges or carriers or bandwidth parts (e.g., such that transmission beams operate onthe same frequency range or carriers or bandwidth part, and received beams on the samefrequency range or carriers or bandwidth part (the transmission beam and received beamsmay be on the same or different ranges or carriers or BWPs). Communicating utilizing a 955first beam pair and / or first beam may be based on, and / or comprise, switching from thesecond beam pair or second beam to the first beam pair or first beam for communicating.The switching may be controlled by the network, for example a network node (which maybe the source or transmitter of the received beam of the first beam pair and / or secondbeam pair, or be associated thereto, for example associated transmission points or nodes 960in dual connectivity). Such controlling may comprise transmitting control signalling, e.g.physical layer signalling and / or higher layer signalling. In some cases, the switching maybe performed by the radio node without additional control signalling, for example basedon measurements on signal quality and / or signal strength of beam pairs (e.g., of first andsecond received beams), in particular the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair. 965For example, it may be switched to the first beam pair (or first beam) if the signal qualityor signal strength measured on the second beam pair (or second beam) is considered tobe insufficient, and / or worse than corresponding measurements on the first beam pairindicate. Measurements performed on a beam pair (or beam) may in particular comprisemeasurements performed on a received beam of the beam pair. It may be considered that 970the timing indication may be determined before switching from the second beam pair tothe first beam pair for communicating. Thus, the synchronization may be in place and / orP110628WO01 27 / 71the timing indication may be available for synchronising) when starting communicationutilizing the first beam pair or first beam. However, in some cases the timing indicationmay be determined after switching to the first beam pair or first beam. This may be 975in particular useful if first signalling is expected to be received after the switching only,for example based on a periodicity or scheduled timing of suitable reference signallingon the first beam pair, e.g. first received beam. In general, a reception beam of a nodemay be associated to and / or correspond to a transmission beam of the node, e.g. suchthat the (spatial) angle of reception of the reception beam and the (spatial) angle of 980transmission of the transmission beam at least partially, or essentially or fully, overlapand / or coincide, in particular for TDD operation and / or independent of frequency. Spatialcorrespondence between beams may be considered in some cases, e.g. such that a beampair (e.g., transmission beam of a transmitting node and reception beam of a receivingnode) may be considered to comprise corresponding beams (e.g., the reception beam is 985suitable and / or the best beam to receive transmissions on the transmission beam, e.g.based on a threshold signal quality and / or signal strength and / or measurements); to eachof such beams, there may be an associated or corresponding complementary beam of therespective node (e.g., to a transmission beam of a beam pair, there may be associated areception beam of the transmitting node, and / or to the reception beam of a beam pair, 990there may be associated a transmitting beam of the receiving node; if the beams (e.g.,at least essentially or substantially) overlap (e.g., in spatial angle), in some cases a beampair may be considered to indicate four beams (or actually, two beam pairs).In some cases, to one or more beams or signals or signallings may be associated a Quasi-CoLocation (QCL) characteristic or set of characteristics, or QCL class (also referred to 995as QCL type) or QCL identity; beams or signal or signallings sharing such may be con-sidered to be Quasi-Colocated. Quasi-Colocated beams or signals or signallings may beconsidered (e.g., by a receiver) as the same beam or originating from the same transmit-ter or transmission source, at least in regard to the QCL characteristic or set or class oridentity, and / or to share the characteristic / s. QCL characteristics may pertain to prop- 1000agation of signalling, and / or one or more delay characteristics, and / or pathloss, and / orsignal quality, and / or signal strength, and / or beam direction, and / or beam shape (inparticular, angle or area, e.g. area of coverage), and / or Doppler shift, and / or Dopplerspread, and / or delay spread, and / or time synchronisation, and / or frequency synchroni-sation, and / or one or more other parameters, e.g. pertaining to a propagation channel 1005and / or spatial RX parameter / s (which may refer to reception beam and / or transmissionbeam, e.g. shape or coverage or direction). A QCL characteristic may pertain to a spe-cific channel (e.g., physical layer channel like a control channel or data channel) and / orreference signalling type and / or antenna port. Different QCL classes or types may per-P110628WO01 28 / 71tain to different QCL characteristics or sets of characteristics; a QCL class may define 1010and / or pertain to one or more criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges for one or moreQCL characteristics beams have to fulfill to be considered Quasi-Colocated according tothis class; a QCL identity may refer to and / or represent all beams being quasi-colocated,according to a QCL class. Different classes may pertain to one or more of the samecharacteristics (e.g., different classes may have different criteria and / or thresholds and / or 1015ranges for one or more characteristics) and / or to different characteristics. A QCL indi-cation may be seen as a form of beam indication, e.g. pertaining to all beams belongingto one QCL class and / or QCL identity and / or quasi-colocated beams. A QCL identitymay be indicated by a QCL indication. In some cases, a beam, and / or a beam indication,may be considered to refer and / or represent a to a QCL identity, and / or to represent 1020quasi-colocated beams or signals or signallings.Transmission on multiple layers (multi-layer transmission) may refer to transmission ofcommunication signalling and / or reference signalling simultaneously in one or more beamsand / or using a plurality of transmission sources, e.g. controlled by one network nodeor one wireless device. The layers may refer to layers of transmission; a layer may be 1025considered to represent one data or signalling stream. Different layers may carry differentdata and / or data streams, e.g., to increase data throughput. In some cases, the samedata or data stream may be transported on different layers, e.g. to increase reliability.Multi-layer transmission may provide diversity, e.g. transmission diversity and / or spatialdiversity. It may be considered that multi-layer transmission comprises 2, or more than 10302 layers; the number of layers of transmission may be represented by a rank or rankindication.A transmission source may in particular comprise, and / or be represented by, and / orassociated to, an antenna or group of antenna elements or antenna sub-array or antennaarray or transmission point or TRP or TP (Transmission Point) or access point. In some 1035cases, a transmission source may be represented or representable, and / or correspondto, and / or associated to, an antenna port or layer of transmission, e.g. for multi-layertransmission. Different transmission sources may in particular comprise different and / orseparately controllable antenna element / s or (sub-)arrays and / or be associated to differentantenna ports. In particular, analog beamforming may be used, with separate analog 1040control of the different transmission sources. An antenna port may indicate a transmissionsource, and / or a one or more transmission parameter, in particular of reference signallingassociated to the antenna port. In particular, transmission parameters pertaining to,and / or indicating a frequency domain distribution or mapping (e.g., which comb to useand / or which subcarrier or frequency offset to use, or similar) of modulation symbols of 1045the reference signalling, and / or to which cyclic shift to use (e.g., to shift elements of aP110628WO01 29 / 71modulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on or derived fromthe root sequence) and / or to which cover code to use (e.g., (e.g., to shift elements ofa modulation symbol sequence, or a root sequence, or a sequence based on or derivedfrom the root sequence). In some cases, a transmission source may represent a target for 1050reception, e.g. if it is implemented as a TRP or AP (Access Point).In some variants, reference signalling may be and / or comprise CSI-RS and / or PT-RSand / or DMRS, e.g. transmitted by the network node. In other variants, the referencesignalling may be transmitted by a UE, e.g. to a network node or other UE, in whichcase it may comprise and / or be Sounding Reference signalling. Other, e.g. new, forms 1055of reference signalling may be considered and / or used. In general, a modulation symbolof reference signalling respectively a resource element carrying it may be associated to acyclic prefix.Data signalling may be on a data channel, for example on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on adedicated data channel, e.g. for low latency and / or high reliability, e.g. a URLLC channel. 1060Control signalling may be on a control channel, for example on a common control channelor a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or comprise one or more DCI messages or SCI messages.Reference signalling may be associated to control signalling and / or data signalling, e.g.DM-RS and / or PT-RS.Reference signalling, for example, may comprise DM-RS and / or pilot signalling and / or 1065discovery signalling and / or synchronisation signalling and / or sounding signalling and / orphase tracking signalling and / or cell-specific reference signalling and / or user-specific sig-nalling, in particular CSI-RS. Reference signalling in general may be signalling with oneor more signalling characteristics, in particular transmission power and / or sequence ofmodulation symbols and / or resource distribution and / or phase distribution known to the 1070receiver. Thus, the receiver can use the reference signalling as a reference and / or for train-ing and / or for compensation. The receiver can be informed about the reference signallingby the transmitter, e.g. being configured and / or signalling with control signalling, in par-ticular physical layer signalling and / or higher layer signalling (e.g., DCI and / or RRC sig-nalling), and / or may determine the corresponding information itself, e.g. a network node 1075configuring a UE to transmit reference signalling. Reference signalling may be signallingcomprising one or more reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signalling maybe adapted for gauging and / or estimating and / or representing transmission conditions,e.g. channel conditions and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal ortransmission) quality. It may be considered that the transmission characteristics (e.g., 1080signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) of reference signalling areavailable for both transmitter and receiver of the signalling (e.g., due to being prede-P110628WO01 30 / 71fined and / or configured or configurable and / or being communicated). Different types ofreference signalling may be considered, e.g. pertaining to uplink, downlink or sidelink,cell-specific (in particular, cell-wide, e.g., CRS) or device or user specific (addressed to 1085a specific target or user equipment, e.g., CSI-RS), demodulation-related (e.g., DMRS)and / or signal strength related, e.g. power-related or energy-related or amplitude-related(e.g., SRS or pilot signalling) and / or phase-related, etc.References to specific resource structures like an allocation unit and / or block symboland / or block symbol group and / or transmission timing structure and / or symbol and / or 1090slot and / or mini-slot and / or subcarrier and / or carrier may pertain to a specific numerol-ogy, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A transmission timingstructure may represent a time interval, which may cover one or more symbols. Someexamples of a transmission timing structure are transmission time interval (TTI), sub-frame, slot and mini-slot. A slot may comprise a predetermined, e.g. predefined and / or 1095configured or configurable, number of symbols, e.g. 6 or 7, or 12 or 14. A mini-slot maycomprise a number of symbols (which may in particular be configurable or configured)smaller than the number of symbols of a slot, in particular 1, 2, 3 or 4, or more symbols,e.g. less symbols than symbols in a slot. A transmission timing structure may cover atime interval of a specific length, which may be dependent on symbol time length and / or 1100cyclic prefix used. A transmission timing structure may pertain to, and / or cover, a specifictime interval in a time stream, e.g. synchronized for communication. Timing structuresused and / or scheduled for transmission, e.g. slot and / or mini-slots, may be scheduled inrelation to, and / or synchronized to, a timing structure provided and / or defined by othertransmission timing structures. Such transmission timing structures may define a timing 1105grid, e.g., with symbol time intervals within individual structures representing the small-est timing units. Such a timing grid may for example be defined by slots or subframes(wherein in some cases, subframes may be considered specific variants of slots). A trans-mission timing structure may have a duration (length in time) determined based on thedurations of its symbols, possibly in addition to cyclic prefix / es used. The symbols of a 1110transmission timing structure may have the same duration, or may in some variants havedifferent duration. The number of symbols in a transmission timing structure may bepredefined and / or configured or configurable, and / or be dependent on numerology. Thetiming of a mini-slot may generally be configured or configurable, in particular by thenetwork and / or a network node. The timing may be configurable to start and / or end at 1115any symbol of the transmission timing structure, in particular one or more slots.A transmission quality parameter may in general correspond to the number R of retrans-missions and / or number T of total transmissions, and / or coding (e.g., number of codingbits, e.g. for error detection coding and / or error correction coding like FEC coding)P110628WO01 31 / 71and / or code rate and / or BLER and / or BER requirements and / or transmission power 1120level (e.g., minimum level and / or target level and / or base power level P0 and / or trans-mission power control command, TPC, step size) and / or signal quality, e.g. SNR and / orSIR and / or SINR and / or power density and / or energy density.A signalling sequence or sequence (e.g. of an allocation unit or block symbol or symboltime interval, and / or carried or transmitted on an allocation unit or block symbol or 1125symbol time interval) may be based on a sequence root, e.g. a root sequence and / or aroot parameter and / or root index and / or seed. A sequence root in general may representor indicate a base for deriving or determining a signalling sequence; the root may beassociated to, and / or represent a sequence directly, and / or indicate or represent a basesequence and / or seed. Examples of sequence roots may comprise a Zadoff Chu root 1130sequence, a sequence seed, e.g. a seed for a Gold sequence, or a Golay complimentarysequence. A signalling sequence may be derived or derivable from, and / or be based on, asequency root, e.g. based on a code, which may represent a shift or operation or processingon the root sequence or a sequence indicated by the sequence root, e.g. to provide thesignalling sequence; the signalling sequence may be based on such shifted or processed or 1135operated on root sequence. The code may in particular represent a cyclic shift and / orphase shift and / or phase ramp (e.g., an amount for such). The code may assign oneoperation or shift for each allocation unit.In general, a signalling sequence associated to an allocation unit (and / or the allocationunits) associated to control signalling (and / or reference signalling) may be based on a 1140root sequence which may be a M-sequence or Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a Gold or Golaysequence, or another sequence with suitable characteristics regarding correlation and / orinterference (e.g., self-interference and / or interference with other or neighboring transmit-ters). Different sequences may be used as root sequences for different signalling sequences,or the same sequence may be used. If different sequences are used, they may be of the 1145same type (Gold, Golay, M- or Zadoff-Chu, for example). The (signalling and / or root)sequences may correspond to or be time-domain sequences, e.g. time domain Zadoff-Chuand / or time-domain M sequences.In some cases, a shifted object like a signalling or signals or sequences or informationmay be shifted, e.g. relative to a predecessor (e.g., one is subject to a shift, and the 1150shifted version is used), or relative to another (e.g., one associated to one signalling orallocation unit may be shifted to another associated to a second signalling or allocationunit, both may be used). One possible way of shifting is operating a code on it, e.g. tomultiply each element of a shifting object with a factor. A ramping (e.g. multiplying witha monotonously increasing or periodic factor) may be considered an example of shifting. 1155P110628WO01 32 / 71Another is a cyclic shift in a domain or interval. A cyclic shift (or circular shift) maycorrespond to a rearrangement of the elements in the shifting object, corresponding tomoving the final element or elements to the first position, while shifting all other entriesto the next position, or by performing the inverse operation (such that the shifted objectas the result will have the same elements as the shifting object, in a shifted but similar 1160order). Shifting in general may be specific to an interval in a domain, e.g. an allocationunit in time domain, or a bandwidth in frequency domain. For example, it may beconsidered that signals or modulation symbols in an allocation unit are shifted, such thatthe order of the modulation symbols or signals is shifted in the allocation unit. In anotherexample, allocation units may be shifted, e.g. in a larger time interval - this may leave 1165signals in the allocation units unshifted with reference to the individual allocation unit,but may change the order of the allocation units. Domains for shifting may for example betime domain and / or phase domain and / or frequency domain. Multiple shifts in the samedomain or different domains, and / or the same interval or different intervals (differentlysized intervals, for example) may be performed. 1170Reference signalling may have a type. Types of reference signalling may include synchro-nisation signalling, and / or DM-RS (used to facilitate demodulation of associated datasignalling and / or control signalling), and / or PT-RS (used to facilitate phase tracking ofassociated data signalling and / or control signalling, e.g. within a time interval or symbolor allocation unit carrying such signalling), and / or CSI-RS (e.g., used for channel estima- 1175tion and / or reporting). It may be considered that PT-RS are inserted into a bit sequence,or a modulation symbol sequence, which may represent data. For example, PT-RS maybe mapped onto subcarriers of a symbol also carrying data symbols. Accordingly, PT-RSinsertion may be optimised for hardware implementations. In some cases, PT-RS may bemodulated differently and / or independently of the modulation symbols representing data 1180(or data bits).A comb structure, or shorter comb, may indicate a distribution, or periodic arrangementof reference signalling, in particular in frequency space, e.g. between an upper and lowerfrequency. A comb may pertain to one OFDMA symbol and / or SC-FDMA symbol and / orone (the same) symbol time interval and / or one allocation unit. A comb may have width 1185or size N and / or may pertain to, and / or be associated to, specific signalling and / or atype of signalling, e.g. a type of reference signalling. The width N may indicate howmany empty subcarriers are between (e.g., non-neighbouring) subcarriers carrying anelement or signal or symbol of the signalling (e.g., this number may be N-1), or how manyempty subcarriers and non-empty subcarriers form a pattern that is repeated in frequency 1190domain. In general, each comb may indicate that at least one empty subcarrier is to bebetween non-empty subcarriers. In this context, empty may refer to empty regardingP110628WO01 33 / 71the pattern or distribution of the signalling associated to the comb (and non-empty mayrefer to a subcarrier carrying an element or symbol of the associated signalling); in somecases, other signallings (which may have a comb structure as well) may be carried on 1195empty subcarriers, e.g. transmitted using other transmission sources and / or other devices,and / or mapped into the comb (e.g., for a DMRS comb, data signalling may be mappedon subcarriers not carrying DMRS).A comb structure may generally describe a structure in which for every N-th (N maybe an integer) resource element and / or subcarrier a reference signal or an element of a 1200sequence of the reference signalling, and / or representing the reference signalling, and / oron which the reference signalling is based, is mapped to, and / or represented by signallingthe resource element and / or subcarrier, in particular an element (symbol) of a modulationsymbol sequence, or an element of a sequence. N may be called the width of the comb.Generally, the comb may indicate the periodicity of the pattern inside the frequency range 1205of the reference signalling. The pattern may in particular pertain to one reference signaland / or resource element or subcarrier for transmitting a reference signal, such that thecomb may be considered to indicate that on every Nth resource element (in particular,only there) and / or subcarrier there is to be a reference signal or element of an associatedsequence, and / or how many resource elements and / or subcarriers are between resource 1210elements and / or subcarriers with reference signals. However, there may be consideredvariants, in which the pattern represents more than one reference signals. The patternmay also generally represent and / or indicate one or more empty signals and / or one ormore data signals (respectively associated resource elements and / or subcarriers). For eachcomb or comb structure with a width or size of N, there may be N or f(N) different available 1215individual combs. For example, for N=2, there may be two combs shifted in frequencyspace by one, or an odd number, of subcarriers or PRBs (e.g., based on a frequencydomain offset, or a subcarrier offset). A comb structure or comb of width or size of Nmay be indicated as N-comb. Specific combs of this width may be numbered within N.For example, for a 2-comb, there may be a comb 1 (or C1) and a comb 2 (or C2), which 1220may be shifted relative to each other, e.g. to dovetail such that all subcarrier covered byboth combs carry signalling (associated to C1 and C2 alternatingly in frequency domain).A comb may comprise two or more, for example at least three or at least four, repetitionsof the pattern. The comb may indicate a reference and / or indication, e.g. a resourceelement and / or subcarner, which may be related to the upper and / or lower boundary 1225in frequency, regarding the arrangement and / or location in frequency of a first pattern,and / or the relative shift of the pattern and / or comb in frequency. Generally, a combstructure may cover at least part, and / or at least the majority, and / or essentially allor all resource elements and / or subcarriers of the plurality of resource elements and / orP110628WO01 34 / 71subcarriers, and / or the symbol. A comb structure may result from combining two comb 1230structures, which may in particular comb structures with pattern comprising only onereference signal. A comb structure may be determined and / or amended before trans-mission, e.g. based on other reference signalling to be transmitted, e.g. on a differentantenna port. In this context, reference signals may be replaced by empty signals to avoidoverlap and / or interference. Generally, if the other reference signalling utilises a comb 1235structure as well, a different / new comb (as a combination of combs) may be considered tobe determined, e.g. with less dense reference signal distribution and / or a different / widerpattern. Alternatively, or additionally, combs may be combined to increase the referencesignal density, e.g. by combining combs with different widths, and / or with shifted offsets.Generally, a comb structure may represent and / or comprise and / or be comprised of any 1240of the combs / comb structures described herein.A buffer state report (or buffer status report, BSR) may comprise information represent-ing the presence and / or size of data to be transmitted (e.g., available in one or morebuffers, for example provided by higher layers). The size may be indicated explicitly,and / or indexed to range / s of sizes, and / or may pertain to one or more different channel / s 1245and / or acknowledgement processes and / or higher layers and / or channel groups / s, e.g,one or more logical channel / s and / or transport channel / s and / or groups thereof: Thestructure of a BSR may be predefined and / or configurable of configured, e.g. to overrideand / or amend a predefined structure, for example with higher layer signalling, e.g. RRCsignalling. There may be different forms of BSR with different levels of resolution and / or 1250information, e.g. a more detailed long BSR and a less detailed short BSR. A short BSRmay concatenate and / or combine information of a long BSR, e.g. providing sums for dataavailable for one or more channels and / or or channels groups and / or buffers, which mightbe represented individually in a long BSR; and / or may index a less-detailed range schemefor data available or buffered. A BSR may be used in lieu of a scheduling request, e.g. 1255by a network node scheduling or allocating (uplink) resources for the transmitting radionode like a wireless device or UE or IAB node.There is generally considered a program product comprising instructions adapted for caus-ing processing and / or control circuitry to carry out and / or control any method describedherein, in particular when executed on the processing and / or control circuitry. Also, there 1260is considered a carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program productas described herein.A carrier medium arrangement may comprise one or more carrier media. Generally, acarrier medium may be accessible and / or readable and / or receivable by processing orcontrol circuitry. Storing data and / or a program product and / or code may be seen 1265P110628WO01 35 / 71as part of carrying data and / or a program product and / or code. A carrier mediumgenerally may comprise a guiding / transporting medium and / or a storage medium. Aguiding / transporting medium may be adapted to carry and / or carry and / or store signals,in particular electromagnetic signals and / or electrical signals and / or magnetic signalsand / or optical signals. A carrier medium, in particular a guiding / transporting medium, 1270may be adapted to guide such signals to carry them. A carrier medium, in particular aguiding / transporting medium, may comprise the electromagnetic field, e.g. radio wavesor microwaves, and / or optically transmissive material, e.g. glass fiber, and / or cable. Astorage medium may comprise at least one of a memory, which may be volatile or non-volatile, a buffer, a cache, an optical disc, magnetic memory, flash memory, etc. 1275A system comprising one or more radio nodes as described herein, in particular a networknode and a user equipment, is described. The system may be a wireless communicationsystem, and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network.Moreover, there may be generally considered a method of operating an information sys-tem, the method comprising providing information. Alternatively, or additionally, an 1280information system adapted for providing information may be considered. Providing in-formation may comprise providing information for, and / or to, a target system, whichmay comprise and / or be implemented as radio access network and / or a radio node, inparticular a network node or user equipment or terminal. Providing information maycomprise transferring and / or streaming and / or sending and / or passing on the informa- 1285tion, and / or offering the information for such and / or for download, and / or triggering suchproviding, e.g. by triggering a different system or node to stream and / or transfer and / orsend and / or pass on the information. The information system may comprise, and / or beconnected or connectable to, a target, for example via one or more intermediate systems,e.g. a core network and / or internet and / or private or local network. Information may be 1290provided utilising and / or via such intermediate system / s. Providing information may befor radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or utilising a RANor radio node as described herein. Connecting the information system to a target, and / orproviding information, may be based on a target indication, and / or adaptive to a targetindication. A target indication may indicate the target, and / or one or more parameters of 1295transmission pertaining to the target and / or the paths or connections over which the in-formation is provided to the target. Such parameter / s may in particular pertain to the airinterface and / or radio access network and / or radio node and / or network node. Exampleparameters may indicate for example type and / or nature of the target, and / or transmis-sion capacity (e.g., data rate) and / or latency and / or reliability and / or cost, respectively 1300one or more estimates thereof. The target indication may be provided by the target, ordetermined by the information system, e.g. based on information received from the targetP110628WO01 36 / 71and / or historical information, and / or be provided by a user, for example a user operatingthe target or a device in communication with the target, e.g. via the RAN and / or airinterface. For example, a user may indicate on a user equipment communicating with 1305the information system that information is to be provided via a RAN, e.g. by selectingfrom a selection provided by the information system, for example on a user applicationor user interface, which may be a web interface. An information system may compriseone or more information nodes. An information node may generally comprise processingcircuitry and / or communication circuitry. In particular, an information system and / or an 1310information node may be implemented as a computer and / or a computer arrangement,e.g. a host computer or host computer arrangement and / or server or server arrangement.In some variants, an interaction server (e.g., web server) of the information system mayprovide a user interface, and based on user input may trigger transmitting and / or stream-ing information provision to the user (and / or the target) from another server, which may 1315be connected or connectable to the interaction server and / or be part of the informationsystem or be connected or connectable thereto. The information may be any kind of data,in particular data intended for a user of for use at a terminal, e.g. video data and / or audiodata and / or location data and / or interactive data and / or game-related data and / or en-vironmental data and / or technical data and / or traffic data and / or vehicular data and / or 1320circumstantial data and / or operational data. The information provided by the informa-tion system may be mapped to, and / or mappable to, and / or be intended for mapping to,communication or data signalling and / or one or more data channels as described herein(which may be signalling or channel / s of an air interface and / or used within a RANand / or for radio transmission). It may be considered that the information is formatted 1325based on the target indication and / or target, e.g. regarding data amount and / or datarate and / or data structure and / or timing, which in particular may be pertaining to amapping to communication or data signalling and / or a data channel. Mapping informa-tion to data signalling and / or data channel / s may be considered to refer to using thesignalling / channel / s to carry the data, e.g. on higher layers of communication, with the 1330signalling / channel / s underlying the transmission. A target indication generally may com-prise different components, which may have different sources, and / or which may indicatedifferent characteristics of the target and / or communication path / s thereto. A format ofinformation may be specifically selected, e.g. from a set of different formats, for informa-tion to be transmitted on an air interface and / or by a RAN as described herein. This may 1335be particularly pertinent since an air interface may be limited in terms of capacity and / orof predictability, and / or potentially be cost sensitive. The format may be selected to beadapted to the transmission indication, which may in particular indicate that a RAN orradio node as described herein is in the path (which may be the indicated and / or plannedand / or expected path) of information between the target and the information system. A 1340P110628WO01 37 / 71(communication) path of information may represent the interface / s (e.g., air and / or ca-ble interfaces) and / or the intermediate system / s (if any), between the information systemand / or the node providing or transferring the information, and the target, over which theinformation is, or is to be, passed on. A path may be (at least partly) undeterminedwhen a target indication is provided, and / or the information is provided / transferred by 1345the information system, e.g. if an internet is involved, which may comprise multiple,dynamically chosen paths. Information and / or a format used for information may bepacket-based, and / or be mapped, and / or be mappable and / or be intended for mapping,to packets. Alternatively, or additionally, there may be considered a method for oper-ating a target device comprising providing a target indicating to an information system. 1350More alternatively, or additionally, a target device may be considered, the target devicebeing adapted for providing a target indication to an information system. In another ap-proach, there may be considered a target indication tool adapted for, and / or comprisingan indication module for, providing a target indication to an information system. Thetarget device may generally be a target as described above. A target indication tool may 1355comprise, and / or be implemented as, software and / or application or app, and / or webinterface or user interface, and / or may comprise one or more modules for implementingactions performed and / or controlled by the tool. The tool and / or target device may beadapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receiving a user input, based on which atarget indicating may be determined and / or provided. Alternatively, or additionally, the 1360tool and / or target device may be adapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receivinginformation and / or communication signalling carrying information, and / or operating on,and / or presenting (e.g., on a screen and / or as audio or as other form of indication), infor-mation. The information may be based on received information and / or communicationsignalling carrying information. Presenting information may comprise processing received 1365information, e.g. decoding and / or transforming, in particular between different formats,and / or for hardware used for presenting. Operating on information may be independent ofor without presenting, and / or proceed or succeed presenting, and / or may be without userinteraction or even user reception, for example for automatic processes, or target deviceswithout (e.g., regular) user interaction like MTC devices, of for automotive or transport 1370or industrial use. The information or communication signalling may be expected and / orreceived based on the target indication. Presenting and / or operating on information maygenerally comprise one or more processing steps, in particular decoding and / or execut-ing and / or interpreting and / or transforming information. Operating on information maygenerally comprise relaying and / or transmitting the information, e.g. on an air interface, 1375which may include mapping the information onto signalling (such mapping may generallypertain to one or more layers, e.g. one or more layers of an air interface, e.g. RLC (RadioLink Control) layer and / or MAC layer and / or physical layer / s). The information may beP110628WO01 38 / 71imprinted (or mapped) on communication signalling based on the target indication, whichmay make it particularly suitable for use in a RAN (e.g., for a target device like a network 1380node or in particular a UE or terminal). The tool may generally be adapted for use on atarget device, like a UE or terminal. Generally, the tool may provide multiple function-alities, e.g. for providing and / or selecting the target indication, and / or presenting, e.g.video and / or audio, and / or operating on and / or storing received information. Providinga target indication may comprise transmitting or transferring the indication as signalling, 1385and / or carried on signalling, in a RAN, for example if the target device is a UE, or thetool for a UE. It should be noted that such provided information may be transferred tothe information system via one or more additionally communication interfaces and / orpaths and / or connections. The target indication may be a higher-layer indication and / orthe information provided by the information system may be higher-layer information, e.g. 1390application layer or user-layer, in particular above radio layers like transport layer andphysical layer. The target indication may be mapped on physical layer radio signalling,e.g. related to or on the user-plane, and / or the information may be mapped on physicallayer radio communication signalling, e.g. related to or on the user-plane (in particular,in reverse communication directions). The described approaches allow a target indication 1395to be provided, facilitating information to be provided in a specific format particularlysuitable and / or adapted to efficiently use an air interface. A user input may for examplerepresent a selection from a plurality of possible transmission modes or formats, and / orpaths, e.g. in terms of data rate and / or packaging and / or size of information to beprovided by the information system. 1400In general, a numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may indicate the bandwidth (in fre-quency domain) of a subcarrier of a carrier, and / or the number of subcarriers in a carrierand / or the numbering of the subcarriers in a carrier, and / or the symbol time length.Different numerologies may in particular be different in the bandwidth of a subcarrier.In some variants, all the subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associated 1405to them. The numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may be different between carriersin particular regarding the subcarrier bandwidth. A symbol time length, and / or a timelength of a timing structure pertaining to a carrier may be dependent on the carrier fre-quency, and / or the subcarrier spacing and / or the numerology. In particular, differentnumerologies may have different symbol time lengths, even on the same carrier. 1410Signalling may generally comprise one or more (e.g., modulation) symbols and / or signalsand / or messages. A signal may comprise or represent one or more bits. An indication mayrepresent signalling, and / or be implemented as a signal, or as a plurality of signals. One ormore signals may be included in and / or represented by a message. signalling, in particularcontrol signalling, may comprise a plurality of signals and / or messages, which may be 1415P110628WO01 39 / 71transmitted on different carriers and / or be associated to different signalling processes,e.g. representing and / or pertaining to one or more such processes and / or correspondinginformation. An indication may comprise signalling, and / or a plurality of signals and / ormessages and / or may be comprised therein, which may be transmitted on different carriersand / or be associated to different acknowledgement signalling processes, e.g. representing 1420and / or pertaining to one or more such processes. signalling associated to a channelmay be transmitted such that represents signalling and / or information for that channel,and / or that the signalling is interpreted by the transmitter and / or receiver to belong tothat channel. Such signalling may generally comply with transmission parameters and / orformat / s for the channel. 1425An antenna arrangement may comprise one or more antenna elements (radiating ele-ments), which may be combined in antenna arrays. An antenna array or sub-array maycomprise one antenna element, or a plurality of antenna elements, which may be arrangede.g. two dimensionally (for example, a panel) or three dimensionally. It may be consideredthat each antenna array or sub-array or element is separately controllable, respectively 1430that different antenna arrays are controllable separately from each other. A single an-tenna element / radiator may be considered the smallest example of a sub-array. Examplesof antenna arrays comprise one or more multi-antenna panels or one or more individu-ally controllable antenna elements. An antenna arrangement may comprise a pluralityof antenna arrays. It may be considered that an antenna arrangement is associated to 1435a (specific and / or single) radio node, e.g. a configuring or informing or scheduling radionode, e.g. to be controlled or controllable by the radio node. An antenna arrangementassociated to a UE or terminal may be smaller (e.g., in size and / or number of antennaelements or arrays) than the antenna arrangement associated to a network node. An-tenna elements of an antenna arrangement may be configurable for different arrays, e.g. 1440to change the beamforming characteristics. In particular, antenna arrays may be formedby combining one or more independently or separately controllable antenna elements orsub-arrays. The beams may be provided by analog beamforming, or in some variants bydigital beamforming, or by hybrid beamforming combing analog and digital beamforming.The informing radio nodes may be configured with the manner of beam transmission, e.g. 1445by transmitting a corresponding indicator or indication, for example as beam identify in-dication. However, there may be considered cases in which the informing radio node / s arenot configured with such information, and / or operate transparently, not knowing the wayof beamforming used. An antenna arrangement may be considered separately control-lable in regard to the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of a signal feed to it for 1450transmission, and / or separately controllable antenna arrangements may comprise an inde-pendent or separate transmit and / or receive unit and / or ADC (analog-Digital-Converter,P110628WO01 40 / 71alternatively an ADC chain) or DCA (Digital-to-analog Converter, alternatively a DCAchain) to convert digital control information into an analog antenna feed for the wholeantenna arrangement (the ADC / DCA may be considered part of, and / or connected or 1455connectable to, antenna circuitry) or vice versa. A scenario in which an ADC or DCA iscontrolled directly for beamforming may be considered an analog beamforming scenario;such controlling may be performed after encoding / decoding and7or after modulation sym-bols have been mapped to resource elements. This may be on the level of antenna ar-rangements using the same ADC / DCA, e.g. one antenna element or a group of antenna 1460elements associated to the same ADC / DCA. Digital beamforming may correspond to ascenario in which processing for beamforming is provided before feeding signalling to theADC / DCA, e.g. by using one or more precoder / s and / or by precoding information, forexample before and / or when mapping modulation symbols to resource elements. Such aprecoder for beamforming may provide weights, e.g. for amplitude and / or phase, and / or 1465may be based on a (precoder) codebook, e.g. selected from a codebook. A precoder maypertain to one beam or more beams, e.g. defining the beam or beams. The codebookmay be configured or configurable, and / or be predefined. DFT beamforming may beconsidered a form of digital beamforming, wherein a DFT procedure is used to form oneor more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming may be considered. 1470A beam may be defined by a spatial and / or angular and / or spatial angular distributionof radiation and / or a spatial angle (also referred to as solid angle) or spatial (solid) angledistribution into which radiation is transmitted (for transmission beamforming) or fromwhich it is received (for reception beamforming). Reception beamforming may compriseonly accepting signals coming in from a reception beam (e.g., using analog beamforming 1475to not receive outside reception beam / s), and / or sorting out signals that do not comein in a reception beam, e.g. in digital postprocessing, e.g. digital beamforming. Abeam may have a solid angle equal to or smaller than 4*pi sr (4*pi correspond to abeam covering all directions), in particular smaller than 2* pi, or pi, or pi / 2, or pi / 4 orpi / 8 or pi / 16. In particular for high frequencies, smaller beams may be used. Different 1480beams may have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angle and / or reach). A beammay have a main direction, which may be defined by a main lobe (e.g., center of themain lobe, e.g. pertaining to signal strength and / or solid angle, which may be averagedand / or weighted to determine the direction), and may have one or more sidelobes. A lobemay generally be defined to have a continuous or contiguous distribution of energy and / or 1485power transmitted and / or received, e.g. bounded by one or more contiguous or contiguousregions of zero energy (or practically zero energy). A main lobe may comprise the lobewith the largest signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, sidelobesusually appear due to limitations of beamforming, some of which may carry signals withP110628WO01 41 / 71significant strength, and may cause multi-path effects. A sidelobe may generally have a 1490different direction than a main lobe and / or other side lobes, however, due to reflectionsa sidelobe still may contribute to transmitted and / or received energy or power. A beammay be swept and / or switched over time, e.g., such that its (main) direction is changed,but its shape (angular / solid angle distribution) around the main direction is not changed,e.g. from the transmitter’s views for a transmission beam, or the receiver’s view for a 1495reception beam, respectively. Sweeping may correspond to continuous or near continuouschange of main direction (e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe from before thechange covers at least partly the main lobe after the change, e.g. at least to 50 or 75 or90 percent). Switching may correspond to switching direction non-continuously, e.g. suchthat after each change, the main lobe from before the change does not cover the main 1500lobe after the change, e.g. at most to 50 or 25 or 10 percent.Signal strength may be a representation of signal power and / or signal energy, e.g. asseen from a transmitting node or a receiving node. A beam with larger strength attransmission (e.g., according to the beamforming used) than another beam does maynot necessarily have larger strength at the receiver, and vice versa, for example due to 1505interference and / or obstruction and / or dispersion and / or absorption and / or reflectionand / or attrition or other effects influencing a beam or the signalling it carries. Signalquality may in general be a representation of how well a signal may be received overnoise and / or interference. A beam with better signal quality than another beam doesnot necessarily have a larger beam strength than the other beam. Signal quality may be 1510represented for example by SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, Energy per resource elementover noise / interference or another corresponding quality measure. Signal quality and / orsignal strength may pertain to, and / or may be measured with respect to, a beam, and / orspecific signalling carried by the beam, e.g. reference signalling and / or a specific channel,e.g. a data channel or control channel. Signal strength may be represented by received 1515signal strength, and / or relative signal strength, e.g. in comparison to a reference signal(strength).Uplink or sidelink signalling may be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multi-ple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signalling.Downlink signalling may in particular be OFDMA signalling. However, signalling like 1520communication signalling is not limited thereto (Filter-Bank based signalling and / orSingle-Carrier based signalling, e.g. SC-FDE signalling, may be considered alternatives).A radio node may generally be considered a device or node adapted for wireless and / orradio (and / or millimeter wave) frequency communication, and / or for communication util-ising an air interface, e.g. according to a communication standard. 1525P110628WO01 42 / 71A radio node may be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal. A network nodemay be any radio node of a wireless communication network, e.g. a base station and / orgNodeB (gNB) and / or eNodeB (eNB) and / or relay node and / or micro / nano / pico / femtonode and / or transmission point (TP) and / or access point (AP) and / or other node, inparticular for a RAN or other wireless communication network as described herein. 1530The terms user equipment (UE) and terminal may be considered to be interchangeablein the context of this disclosure. A wireless device, user equipment or terminal may rep-resent an end device for communication utilising the wireless communication network,and / or be implemented as a user equipment according to a standard. Examples of userequipments may comprise a phone like a smartphone, a personal communication device, a 1535mobile phone or terminal, a computer, in particular laptop, a sensor or machine with radiocapability (and / or adapted for the air interface), in particular for MTC (Machine-Type-Communication, sometimes also referred to M2M, Machine-To-Machine), or a vehicleadapted for wireless communication. A user equipment or terminal may be mobile or sta-tionary. A wireless device generally may comprise, and / or be implemented as, processing 1540circuitry and / or radio circuitry, which may comprise one or more chips or sets of chips.The circuitry and / or circuitries may be packaged, e.g. in a chip housing, and / or may haveone or more physical interfaces to interact with other circuitry and / or for power supply.Such a wireless device may be intended for use in a user equipment or terminal.A radio node may generally comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. A radio 1545node, in particular a network node, may in some cases comprise cable circuitry and / orcommunication circuitry, with which it may be connected or connectable to another radionode and / or a core network.Circuitry may comprise integrated circuitry. Processing circuitry may comprise one ormore processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers), and / or ASICs (Application 1550Specific Integrated Circuitry) and / or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array), or sim-ilar. It may be considered that processing circuitry comprises, and / or is (operatively)connected or connectable to one or more memories or memory arrangements. A mem-ory arrangement may comprise one or more memories. A memory may be adaptedto store digital information. Examples for memories comprise volatile and non-volatile 1555memory, and / or Random Access Memory (RAM), and / or Read-Only-Memory (ROM),and / or magnetic and / or optical memory, and / or flash memory, and / or hard disk mem-ory, and / or EPROM or EEPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM or Electrically ErasableProgrammable ROM).Radio circuitry may comprise one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers 1560(a transceiver may operate or be operable as transmitter and receiver, and / or may com-P110628WO01 43 / 71prise joint or separated circuitry for receiving and transmitting, e.g. in one package orhousing), and / or may comprise one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters,and / or may comprise, and / or be connected or connectable to antenna circuitry and / orone or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. An antenna array may comprise one or 1565more antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array, e.g. 2D or 3D array,and / or antenna panels. A remote radio head (RRH) may be considered as an exampleof an antenna array. However, in some variants, an RRH may be also be implementedas a network node, depending on the kind of circuitry and / or functionality implementedtherein. 1570Communication circuitry may comprise radio circuitry and / or cable circuitry. Commu-nication circuitry generally may comprise one or more interfaces, which may be air inter-face / s and / or cable interface / s and / or optical interface / s, e.g. laser-based. Interface / smay be in particular packet-based. Cable circuitry and / or a cable interfaces may com-prise, and / or be connected or connectable to, one or more cables (e.g., optical fiber-based 1575and / or wire-based), which may be directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more intermedi-ate systems and / or interfaces) be connected or connectable to a target, e.g. controlled bycommunication circuitry and / or processing circuitry.Any one or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / orfirmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated to different components 1580of a radio node, e.g. different circuitries or different parts of a circuitry. It may be consid-ered that a module is distributed over different components and / or circuitries. A programproduct as described herein may comprise the modules related to a device on which theprogram product is intended (e.g., a user equipment or network node) to be executed (theexecution may be performed on, and / or controlled by the associated circuitry). 1585A wireless communication network may be or comprise a radio access network and / ora backhaul network (e.g. a relay or backhaul network or an IAB network), and / or aRadio Access Network (RAN) in particular according to a communication standard. Acommunication standard may in particular a standard according to 3GPP and / or 5G,e.g. according to NR or LTE, in particular LTE Evolution. 1590A wireless communication network may be and / or comprise a Radio Access Network(RAN), which may be and / or comprise any kind of cellular and / or wireless radio net-work, which may be connected or connectable to a core network. The approaches de-scribed herein are particularly suitable for a 5G network, e.g. LTE Evolution and / or NR(New Radio), respectively successors thereof. A RAN may comprise one or more net- 1595work nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. A networknode may in particular be a radio node adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellularP110628WO01 44 / 71communication with one or more terminals. A terminal may be any device adapted forradio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within a RAN, e.g. a userequipment (UE) or mobile phone or smartphone or computing device or vehicular com- 1600munication device or device for machine-type-communication (MTC), etc. A terminalmay be mobile, or in some cases stationary. A RAN or a wireless communication networkmay comprise at least one network node and a UE, or at least two radio nodes. Theremay be generally considered a wireless communication network or system, e.g. a RAN orRAN system, comprising at least one radio node, and / or at least one network node and 1605at least one terminal.Transmitting in downlink may pertain to transmission from the network or network nodeto the terminal. Transmitting in uplink may pertain to transmission from the termi-nal to the network or network node. Transmitting in sidelink may pertain to (direct)transmission from one terminal to another. Uplink, downlink and sidelink (e.g., sidelink 1610transmission and reception) may be considered communication directions. In some vari-ants, uplink and downlink may also be used to described wireless communication betweennetwork nodes, e.g. for wireless backhaul and / or relay communication and / or (wireless)network communication for example between base stations or similar network nodes, inparticular communication terminating at such. It may be considered that backhaul and / or 1615relay communication and / or network communication is implemented as a form of sidelinkor uplink communication or similar thereto.Control information or a control information message or corresponding signalling (con-trol signalling) may be transmitted on a control channel, e.g. a physical control channel,which may be a downlink channel or (or a sidelink channel in some cases, e.g. one UE 1620scheduling another UE). For example, control information / allocation information may besignaled by a network node on PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / ora PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ-specific channel. Ac-knowledgement signalling, e.g. as a form of control information or signalling like uplinkcontrol information / signalling, may be transmitted by a terminal on a PUCCH (Physical 1625Uplink Control Channel) and / or PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or aHARQ-specific channel. Multiple channels may apply for multi-component / multi-carrierindication or signalling.Transmitting acknowledgement signalling may in general be based on and / or in responseto subject transmission, and / or to control signalling scheduling subject transmission. 1630Such control signalling and / or subject signalling may be transmitted by a signalling ra-dio node (which may be a network node, and / or a node associated to it, e.g. in a dualconnectivity scenario. Subject transmission and / or subject signalling may be transmis-P110628WO01 45 / 71sion or signalling to which ACK / NACK or acknowledgement information pertains, e.g.indicating correct or incorrect reception and / or decoding of the subject transmission or 1635signalling. Subject signalling or transmission may in particular comprise and / or be repre-sented by data signalling, e.g. on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or some forms of control signalling,e.g. on a PDCCH or PSSCH, for example for specific formats.A signalling characteristic may be based on a type or format of a scheduling grant and / orscheduling assignment, and / or type of allocation, and / or timing of acknowledgement 1640signalling and / or the scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment, and / or resourcesassociated to acknowledgement signalling and / or the scheduling grant and / or schedul-ing assignment. For example, if a specific format for a scheduling grant (schedulingor allocating the allocated resources) or scheduling assignment (scheduling the subjecttransmission for acknowledgement signalling) is used or detected, the first or second com- 1645munication resource may be used. Type of allocation may pertain to dynamic allocation(e.g., using DCI / PDCCH) or semi-static allocation (e.g., for a configured grant). Timingof acknowledgement signalling may pertain to a slot and / or symbol / s the signalling is tobe transmitted. Resources used for acknowledgement signalling may pertain to the allo-cated resources. Timing and / or resources associated to a scheduling grant or assignment 1650may represent a search space or CORESET (a set of resources configured for reception ofPDCCH transmissions) in which the grant or assignment is received. Thus, which trans-mission resource to be used may be based on implicit conditions, requiring low signallingoverhead.Scheduling may comprise indicating, e.g. with control signalling like DCI or SCI signalling 1655and / or signalling on a control channel like PDCCH or PSCCH, one or more schedulingopportunities of a configuration intended to carry data signalling or subject signalling.The configuration may be represented or representable by, and / or correspond to, a table.A scheduling assignment may for example point to an opportunity of the reception allo-cation configuration, e.g. indexing a table of scheduling opportunities. In some cases, a 1660reception allocation configuration may comprise 15 or 16 scheduling opportunities. Theconfiguration may in particular represent allocation in time. It may be considered that thereception allocation configuration pertains to data signalling, in particular on a physicaldata channel like PDSCH or PSSCH. In general, the reception allocation configurationmay pertain to downlink signalling, or in some scenarios to sidelink signalling. Control 1665signalling scheduling subject transmission like data signalling may point and / or indexand / or refer to and / or indicate a scheduling opportunity of the reception allocation con-figuration. It may be considered that the reception allocation configuration is configuredor configurable with higher-layer signalling, e.g. RRC or MAC layer signalling. The recep-tion allocation configuration may be applied and / or applicable and / or valid for a plurality 1670P110628WO01 46 / 71of transmission timing intervals, e.g. such that for each interval, one or more opportu-nities may be indicated or allocated for data signalling. These approaches allow efficientand flexible scheduling, which may be semi-static, but may updated or reconfigured onuseful timescales in response to changes of operation conditions.Control information, e.g., in a control information message, in this context may in par- 1675ticular be implemented as and / or represented by a scheduling assignment, which mayindicate subject transmission for feedback (transmission of acknowledgement signalling),and / or reporting timing and / or frequency resources and / or code resources. Reportingtiming may indicate a timing for scheduled acknowledgement signalling, e.g. slot and / orsymbol and / or resource set. Control information may be carried by control signalling. 1680Subject transmissions may comprise one or more individual transmissions. Scheduling as-signments may comprise one or more scheduling assignments. It should generally be notedthat in a distributed system, subject transmissions, configuration and / or scheduling maybe provided by different nodes or devices or transmission points. Different subject trans-missions may be on the same carrier or different carriers (e.g., in a carrier aggregation), 1685and / or same or different bandwidth parts, and / or on the same or different layers or beams,e.g. in a MIMO scenario, and / or to same or different ports. Generally, subject transmis-sions may pertain to different HARQ or ARQ processes (or different sub-processes, e.g. inMIMO with different beams / layers associated to the same process identifier, but differentsub-process-identifiers like swap bits). A scheduling assignment and / or a HARQ code- 1690book may indicate a target HARQ structure. A target HARQ structure may for exampleindicate an intended HARQ response to a subject transmission, e.g. the number of bitsand / or whether to provide code block group level response or not. However, it should benoted that the actual structure used may differ from the target structure, e.g. due to thetotal size of target structures for a subpattern being larger than the predetermined size. 1695Transmitting acknowledgement signalling, also referred to as transmitting acknowledge-ment information or feedback information or simply as ARQ or HARQ feedback or feed-back or reporting feedback, may comprise, and / or be based on determining correct orincorrect reception of subject transmission / s, e.g. based on error coding and / or based onscheduling assignment / s scheduling the subject transmissions. Transmitting acknowledge- 1700ment information may be based on, and / or comprise, a structure for acknowledgementinformation to transmit, e.g. the structure of one or more subpatterns, e.g. based onwhich subject transmission is scheduled for an associated subdivision. Transmitting ac-knowledgement information may comprise transmitting corresponding signalling, e.g. atone instance and / or in one message and / or one channel, in particular a physical channel, 1705which may be a control channel. In some cases, the channel may be a shared channelP110628WO01 47 / 71or data channel, e.g. utilising rate-matching of the acknowledgment information. Theacknowledgement information may generally pertain to a plurality of subject transmis-sions, which may be on different channels and / or carriers, and / or may comprise datasignalling and / or control signalling. The acknowledgment information may be based on 1710a codebook, which may be based on one or more size indications and / or assignmentindications (representing HARQ structures), which may be received with a plurality ofcontrol signallings and / or control messages, e.g. in the same or different transmissiontiming structures, and / or in the same or different (target) sets of resources. Transmittingacknowledgement information may comprise determining the codebook, e.g. based on 1715control information in one or more control information messages and / or a configuration.A codebook may pertain to transmitting acknowledgement information at a single and / orspecific instant, e.g. a single PUCCH or PUSCH transmission, and / or in one messageor with jointly encoded and / or modulated acknowledgement information. Generally, ac-knowledgment information may be transmitted together with other control information, 1720e.g. a scheduling request and / or measurement information.Acknowledgement signalling may in some cases comprise, next to acknowledgement in-formation, other information, e.g. control information, in particular, uplink or sidelinkcontrol information, like a scheduling request and / or measurement information, or sim-ilar, and / or error detection and / or correction information, respectively associated bits. 1725The payload size of acknowledgement signalling may represent the number of bits of ac-knowledgement information, and / or in some cases the total number of bits carried bythe acknowledgement signalling, and / or the number of resource elements needed. Ac-knowledgement signalling and / or information may pertain to ARQ and / or HARQ pro-cesses; an ARQ process may provide ACK / NACK (and perhaps additional feedback) 1730feedback, and decoding may be performed on each (re-)transmission separately, with-out soft-buffering / soft-combining intermediate data, whereas HARQ may comprise soft-buffering / soft-combining of intermediate data of decoding for one or more (re-)transmissions.Subject transmission may be data signalling or control signalling. The transmission maybe on a shared or dedicated channel. Data signalling may be on a data channel, for exam- 1735ple on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or on a dedicated data channel, e.g. for low latency and / orhigh reliability, e.g. a URLLC channel. Control signalling may be on a control channel,for example on a common control channel or a PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or comprise oneor more DCI messages or SCI messages. In some cases, the subject transmission may com-prise, or represent, reference signalling. For example, it may comprise DM-RS and / or pilot 1740signalling and / or discovery signalling and / or sounding signalling and / or phase trackingsignalling and / or cell-specific reference signalling and / or user-specific signalling, in par-ticular CSI-RS. A subject transmission may pertain to one scheduling assignment and / orP110628WO01 48 / 71one acknowledgement signalling process (e.g., according to identifier or subidentifier),and / or one subdivision. In some cases, a subject transmission may cross the borders of 1745subdivisions in time, e.g. due to being scheduled to start in one subdivision and extendinginto another, or even crossing over more than one subdivision. In this case, it may beconsidered that the subject transmission is associated to the subdivision it ends in.It may be considered that transmitting acknowledgement information, in particular of ac-knowledgement information, is based on determining whether the subject transmission / s 1750has or have been received correctly, e.g. based on error coding and / or reception quality.Reception quality may for example be based on a determined signal quality. Acknowl-edgement information may generally be transmitted to a signalling radio node and / ornode arrangement and / or to a network and / or network node.Acknowledgement information, or bit / s of a subpattern structure of such information 1755(e.g., an acknowledgement information structure, may represent and / or comprise one ormore bits, in particular a pattern of bits. Multiple bits pertaining to a data structureor substructure or message like a control message may be considered a subpattern. Thestructure or arrangement of acknowledgement information may indicate the order, and / ormeaning, and / or mapping, and / or pattern of bits (or subpatterns of bits) of the infor- 1760mation. The structure or mapping may in particular indicate one or more data blockstructures, e.g. code blocks and / or code block groups and / or transport blocks and / ormessages, e.g. command messages, the acknowledgement information pertains to, and / orwhich bits or subpattern of bits are associated to which data block structure. In somecases, the mapping may pertain to one or more acknowledgement signalling processes, e.g. 1765processes with different identifiers, and / or one or more different data streams. The config-uration or structure or codebook may indicate to which process / es and / or data stream / sthe information pertains. Generally, the acknowledgement information may compriseone or more subpatterns, each of which may pertain to a data block structure, e.g. acode block or code block group or transport block. A subpattern may be arranged to 1770indicate acknowledgement or non-acknowledgement, or another retransmission state likenon-scheduling or non-reception, of the associated data block structure. It may be con-sidered that a subpattern comprises one bit, or in some cases more than one bit. It shouldbe noted that acknowledgement information may be subjected to significant processingbefore being transmitted with acknowledgement signalling. Different configurations may 1775indicate different sizes and / or mapping and / or structures and / or pattern.An acknowledgment signalling process (providing acknowledgment information) may bea HARQ process, and / or be identified by a process identifier, e.g. a HARQ process iden-tifier or sub-identifier. Acknowledgement signalling and / or associated acknowledgementP110628WO01 49 / 71information may be referred to as feedback or acknowledgement feedback. It should be 1780noted that data blocks or structures to which subpatterns may pertain may be intendedto carry data (e.g., information and / or systemic and / or coding bits). However, dependingon transmission conditions, such data may be received or not received (or not receivedcorrectly), which may be indicated correspondingly in the feedback. In some cases, asubpattern of acknowledgement signalling may comprise padding bits, e.g. if the ac- 1785knowledgement information for a data block requires fewer bits than indicated as size ofthe subpattern. Such may for example happen if the size is indicated by a unit size largerthan required for the feedback.Acknowledgment information may generally indicate at least ACK or NACK, e.g. per-taining to an acknowledgment signalling process, or an element of a data block structure 1790like a data block, subblock group or subblock, or a message, in particular a control mes-sage. Generally, to an acknowledgment signalling process there may be associated onespecific subpattern and / or a data block structure, for which acknowledgment informationmay be provided. Acknowledgement information may comprise a plurality of pieces ofinformation, represented in a plurality of ARQ and / or HARQ structures. 1795An acknowledgment signalling process may determine correct or incorrect reception,and / or corresponding acknowledgement information, of a data block like a transportblock, and / or substructures thereof, based on coding bits associated to the data block,and / or based on coding bits associated to one or more data block and / or subblocksand / or subblock group / s. Acknowledgement information (determined by an acknowl- 1800edgement signalling process) may pertain to the data block as a whole, and / or to oneor more subblocks or subblock groups. A code block may be considered an example ofa subblock, whereas a code block group may be considered an example of a subblockgroup. Accordingly, the associated subpattern may comprise one or more bits indicatingreception status or feedback of the data block, and / or one or more bits indicating recep- 1805tion status or feedback of one or more subblocks or subblock groups. Each subpatternor bit of the subpattern may be associated and / or mapped to a specific data block orsubblock or subblock group. In some variants, correct reception for a data block may beindicated if all subblocks or subblock groups are correctly identified. In such a case, thesubpattern may represent acknowledgement information for the data block as a whole, 1810reducing overhead in comparison to provide acknowledgement information for the sub-blocks or subblock groups. The smallest structure (e.g. subblock / subblock group / datablock) the subpattern provides acknowledgement information for and / or is associated tomay be considered its (highest) resolution. In some variants, a subpattern may provideacknowledgment information regarding several elements of a data block structure and / or 1815at different resolution, e.g. to allow more specific error detection. For example, even ifP110628WO01 50 / 71a subpattern indicates acknowledgment signalling pertaining to a data block as a whole,in some variants higher resolution (e.g., subblock or subblock group resolution) may beprovided by the subpattern. A subpattern may generally comprise one or more bits indi-cating ACK / NACK for a data block, and / or one or more bits for indicating ACK / NACK 1820for a subblock or subblock group, or for more than one subblock or subblock group.A subblock and / or subblock group may comprise information bits (representing the datato be transmitted, e.g. user data and / or downlink / sidelink data or uplink data). It may beconsidered that a data block and / or subblock and / or subblock group also comprises errorone or more error detection bits, which may pertain to, and / or be determined based on, 1825the information bits (for a subblock group, the error detection bit / s may be determinedbased on the information bits and / or error detection bits and / or error correction bits of thesubblock / s of the subblock group). A data block or substructure like subblock or subblockgroup may comprise error correction bits, which may in particular be determined basedon the information bits and error detection bits of the block or substructure, e.g. utilising 1830an error correction coding scheme, in particular for forward error correction (FEC), e.g.LDPC or polar coding and / or turbo coding. Generally, the error correction coding of adata block structure (and / or associated bits) may cover and / or pertain to information bitsand error detection bits of the structure. A subblock group may represent a combination ofone or more code blocks, respectively the corresponding bits. A data block may represent 1835a code block or code block group, or a combination of more than one code block groups.A transport block may be split up in code blocks and / or code block groups, for examplebased on the bit size of the information bits of a higher layer data structure providedfor error coding and / or size requirements or preferences for error coding, in particularerror correction coding. Such a higher layer data structure is sometimes also referred to 1840as transport block, which in this context represents information bits without the errorcoding bits described herein, although higher layer error handling information may beincluded, e.g. for an internet protocol like TCP. However, such error handling informationrepresents information bits in the context of this disclosure, as the acknowledgementsignalling procedures described treat it accordingly. 1845In some variants, a subblock like a code block may comprise error correction bits, whichmay be determined based on the information bit / s and / or error detection bit / s of thesubblock. An error correction coding scheme may be used for determining the error cor-rection bits, e.g. based on LDPC or polar coding or Reed-Mueller coding. In some cases,a subblock or code block may be considered to be defined as a block or pattern of bits 1850comprising information bits, error detection bit / s determined based on the informationbits, and error correction bit / s determined based on the information bits and / or errordetection bit / s. It may be considered that in a subblock, e.g. code block, the informationP110628WO01 51 / 71bits (and possibly the error correction bit / s) are protected and / or covered by the errorcorrection scheme or corresponding error correction bit / s. A code block group may com- 1855prise one or more code blocks. In some variants, no additional error detection bits and / orerror correction bits are applied, however, it may be considered to apply either or both. Atransport block may comprise one or more code block groups. It may be considered thatno additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied to a transportblock, however, it may be considered to apply either or both. In some specific variants, 1860the code block group / s comprise no additional layers of error detection or correction cod-ing, and the transport block may comprise only additional error detection coding bits,but no additional error correction coding. This may particularly be true if the transportblock size is larger than the code block size and / or the maximum size for error correctioncoding. A subpattern of acknowledgement signalling (in particular indicating ACK or 1865NACK) may pertain to a code block, e.g. indicating whether the code block has beencorrectly received. It may be considered that a subpattern pertains to a subgroup like acode block group or a data block like a transport block. In such cases, it may indicateACK, if all subblocks or code blocks of the group or data / transport block are receivedcorrectly (e.g. based on a logical AND operation), and NACK or another state of non- 1870correct reception if at least one subblock or code block has not been correctly received. Itshould be noted that a code block may be considered to be correctly received not only ifit actually has been correctly received, but also if it can be correctly reconstructed basedon soft-combining and / or the error correction coding.A subpattern / HARQ structure may pertain to one acknowledgement signalling process 1875and / or one carrier like a component carrier and / or data block structure or data block. Itmay in particular be considered that one (e.g. specific and / or single) subpattern pertains,e.g. is mapped by the codebook, to one (e.g., specific and / or single) acknowledgementsignalling process, e.g. a specific and / or single HARQ process. It may be consideredthat in the bit pattern, subpatterns are mapped to acknowledgement signalling processes 1880and / or data blocks or data block structures on a one-to-one basis. In some variants, theremay be multiple subpatterns (and / or associated acknowledgment signalling processes)associated to the same component carrier, e.g. if multiple data streams transmittedon the carrier are subject to acknowledgement signalling processes. A subpattern maycomprise one or more bits, the number of which may be considered to represent its size 1885or bit size. Different bit n-tupels (n being 1 or larger) of a subpattern may be associatedto different elements of a data block structure (e.g., data block or subblock or subblockgroup), and / or represent different resolutions. There may be considered variants in whichonly one resolution is represented by a bit pattern, e.g. a data block. A bit n-tupelmay represent acknowledgement information (also referred to a feedback), in particular 1890P110628WO01 52 / 71ACK or NACK, and optionally, (if n¿1), may represent DTX / DRX or other receptionstates. ACK / NACK may be represented by one bit, or by more than one bit, e.g. toimprove disambiguity of bit sequences representing ACK or NACK, and / or to improvetransmission reliability.The acknowledgement information or feedback information may pertain to a plurality 1895of different transmissions, which may be associated to and / or represented by data blockstructures, respectively the associated data blocks or data signalling. The data blockstructures, and / or the corresponding blocks and / or signalling, may be scheduled for si-multaneous transmission, e.g. for the same transmission timing structure, in particularwithin the same slot or subframe, and / or on the same symbol / s. However, alternatives 1900with scheduling for non-simultaneous transmission may be considered. For example, theacknowledgment information may pertain to data blocks scheduled for different trans-mission timing structures, e.g. different slots (or mini-slots, or slots and mini-slots) orsimilar, which may correspondingly be received (or not or wrongly received). Schedul-ing signalling may generally comprise indicating resources, e.g. time and / or frequency 1905resources, for example for receiving or transmitting the scheduled signalling.signalling may generally be considered to represent an electromagnetic wave structure(e.g., over a time interval and frequency interval), which is intended to convey informa-tion to at least one specific or generic (e.g., anyone who might pick up the signalling)target. A process of signalling may comprise transmitting the signalling. Transmitting 1910signalling, in particular control signalling or communication signalling, e.g. comprisingor representing acknowledgement signalling and / or resource requesting information, maycomprise encoding and / or modulating. Encoding and / or modulating may comprise errordetection coding and / or forward error correction encoding and / or scrambling. Receivingcontrol signalling may comprise corresponding decoding and / or demodulation. Error de- 1915tection coding may comprise, and / or be based on, parity or checksum approaches, e.g.CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Forward error correction coding may comprise and / orbe based on for example turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding, and / or polar codingand / or LDPC coding (Low Density Parity Check). The type of coding used may be basedon the channel (e.g., physical channel) the coded signal is associated to. A code rate may 1920represent the ratio of the number of information bits before encoding to the number ofencoded bits after encoding, considering that encoding adds coding bits for error detec-tion coding and forward error correction. Coded bits may refer to information bits (alsocalled systematic bits) plus coding bits.Communication signalling may comprise, and / or represent, and / or be implemented as, 1925data signalling, and / or user plane signalling. Communication signalling may be associatedP110628WO01 53 / 71to a data channel, e.g. a physical downlink channel or physical uplink channel or physicalsidelink channel, in particular a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PSSCH(Physical Sidelink Shared Channel). Generally, a data channel may be a shared channelor a dedicated channel. Data signalling may be signalling associated to and / or on a data 1930channel.An indication generally may explicitly and / or implicitly indicate the information it rep-resents and / or indicates. Implicit indication may for example be based on positionand / or resource used for transmission. Explicit indication may for example be basedon a parametrisation with one or more parameters, and / or one or more index or indices, 1935and / or one or more bit patterns representing the information. It may in particular be con-sidered that control signalling as described herein, based on the utilised resource sequence,implicitly indicates the control signalling type.A resource element may generally describe the smallest individually usable and / or en-codable and / or decodable and / or modulatable and / or demodulatable time-frequency re- 1940source, and / or may describe a time-frequency resource covering a symbol time length intime and a subcarrier in frequency. A signal may be allocatable and / or allocated to aresource element. A subcarrier may be a subband of a carrier, e.g. as defined by a stan-dard. A carrier may define a frequency and / or frequency band for transmission and / orreception. In some variants, a signal (jointly encoded / modulated) may cover more than 1945one resource elements. A resource element may generally be as defined by a correspond-ing standard, e.g. NR or LTE. As symbol time length and / or subcarrier spacing (and / ornumerology) may be different between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different re-source elements may have different extension (length / width) in time and / or frequencydomain, in particular resource elements pertaining to different carriers. 1950A resource generally may represent a time-frequency and / or code resource, on whichsignalling, e.g. according to a specific format, may be communicated, for example trans-mitted and / or received, and / or be intended for transmission and / or reception.A border symbol may generally represent a starting symbol or an ending symbol fortransmitting and / or receiving. A starting symbol may in particular be a starting symbol 1955of uplink or sidelink signalling, for example control signalling or data signalling. Suchsignalling may be on a data channel or control channel, e.g. a physical channel, inparticular a physical uplink shared channel (like PUSCH) or a sidelink data or sharedchannel, or a physical uplink control channel (like PUCCH) or a sidelink control channel.If the starting symbol is associated to control signalling (e.g., on a control channel), the 1960control signalling may be in response to received signalling (in sidelink or downlink), e.g.representing acknowledgement signalling associated thereto, which may be HARQ or ARQP110628WO01 54 / 71signalling. An ending symbol may represent an ending symbol (in time) of downlink orsidelink transmission or signalling, which may be intended or scheduled for the radio nodeor user equipment. Such downlink signalling may in particular be data signalling, e.g. 1965on a physical downlink channel like a shared channel, e.g. a PDSCH (Physical DownlinkShared Channel). A starting symbol may be determined based on, and / or in relation to,such an ending symbol.Configuring a radio node, in particular a terminal or user equipment, may refer to theradio node being adapted or caused or set and / or instructed to operate according to the 1970configuration. Configuring may be done by another device, e.g., a network node (forexample, a radio node of the network like a base station or eNodeB) or network, in whichcase it may comprise transmitting configuration data to the radio node to be configured.Such configuration data may represent the configuration to be configured and / or compriseone or more instruction pertaining to a configuration, e.g. a configuration for transmitting 1975and / or receiving on allocated resources, in particular frequency resources. A radio nodemay configure itself, e.g., based on configuration data received from a network or networknode. A network node may utilise, and / or be adapted to utilise, its circuitry / ies forconfiguring. Allocation information may be considered a form of configuration data.Configuration data may comprise and / or be represented by configuration information, 1980and / or one or more corresponding indications and / or message / sGenerally, configuring may include determining configuration data representing the con-figuration and providing, e.g. transmitting, it to one or more other nodes (parallel and / orsequentially), which may transmit it further to the radio node (or another node, whichmay be repeated until it reaches the wireless device). Alternatively, or additionally, con- 1985figuring a radio node, e.g., by a network node or other device, may include receivingconfiguration data and / or data pertaining to configuration data, e.g., from another nodelike a network node, which may be a higher-level node of the network, and / or transmittingreceived configuration data to the radio node. Accordingly, determining a configurationand transmitting the configuration data to the radio node may be performed by different 1990network nodes or entities, which may be able to communicate via a suitable interface, e.g.,an X2 interface in the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR. Configuring aterminal may comprise scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal,e.g. downlink data and / or downlink control signalling and / or DCI and / or uplink controlor data or communication signalling, in particular acknowledgement signalling, and / or 1995configuring resources and / or a resource pool therefor.A resource structure may be considered to be neighboured in frequency domain by an-other resource structure, if they share a common border frequency, e.g. one as an upperP110628WO01 55 / 71frequency border and the other as a lower frequency border. Such a border may for ex-ample be represented by the upper end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n, which 2000also represents the lower end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n+1. A resourcestructure may be considered to be neighboured in time domain by another resource struc-ture, if they share a common border time, e.g. one as an upper (or right in the figures)border and the other as a lower (or left in the figures) border. Such a border may forexample be represented by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n, 2005which also represents the beginning of a symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n+1.Generally, a resource structure being neighboured by another resource structure in adomain may also be referred to as abutting and / or bordering the other resource structurein the domain.A resource structure may general represent a structure in time and / or frequency domain, 2010in particular representing a time interval and a frequency interval. A resource structuremay comprise and / or be comprised of resource elements, and / or the time interval of aresource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of symbol time interval / s, and / orthe frequency interval of a resource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of sub-carrier / s. A resource element may be considered an example for a resource structure, a 2015slot or mini-slot or a Physical Resource Block (PRB) or parts thereof may be consideredothers. A resource structure may be associated to a specific channel, e.g. a PUSCH orPUCCH, in particular resource structure smaller than a slot or PRB.Examples of a resource structure in frequency domain comprise a bandwidth or band, ora bandwidth part. A bandwidth part may be a part of a bandwidth available for a radio 2020node for communicating, e.g. due to circuitry and / or configuration and / or regulationsand / or a standard. A bandwidth part may be configured or configurable to a radionode. In some variants, a bandwidth part may be the part of a bandwidth used forcommunicating, e.g. transmitting and / or receiving, by a radio node. The bandwidthpart may be smaller than the bandwidth (which may be a device bandwidth defined by 2025the circuitry / configuration of a device, and / or a system bandwidth, e.g. available for aRAN). It may be considered that a bandwidth part comprises one or more resource blocksor resource block groups, in particular one or more PRBs or PRB groups. A bandwidthpart may pertain to, and / or comprise, one or more carriers.A carrier may generally represent a frequency range or band and / or pertain to a central 2030frequency and an associated frequency interval. It may be considered that a carrier com-prises a plurality of subcarriers. A carrier may have assigned to it a central frequency orcenter frequency interval, e.g. represented by one or more subcarriers (to each subcarrierthere may be generally assigned a frequency bandwidth or interval). Different carriersP110628WO01 56 / 71may be non-overlapping, and / or may be neighbouring in frequency domain. 2035It should be noted that the term “radio” in this disclosure may be considered to pertain towireless communication in general, and may also include wireless communication utilisingmillimeter waves, in particular above one of the thresholds 10 GHz or 20 GHz or 50 GHz or52 GHz or 52.6 GHz or 60 GHz or 72 GHz or 100 GHz or 114 GHz. Such communicationmay utilise one or more carriers, e.g. in FDD and / or carrier aggregation. Upper frequency 2040boundaries may correspond to 300 GHz or 200 GHz or 120 GHz or any of the thresholdslarger than the one representing the lower frequency boundary.A radio node, in particular a network node or a terminal, may generally be any deviceadapted for transmitting and / or receiving radio and / or wireless signals and / or data, inparticular communication data, in particular on at least one carrier. The at least one 2045carrier may comprise a carrier accessed based on an LBT procedure (which may be calledLBT carrier), e.g., an unlicensed carrier. It may be considered that the carrier is part ofa carrier aggregate.Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier may refer to receiving or transmitting utiliz-ing a frequency (band) or spectrum associated to the cell or carrier. A cell may generally 2050comprise and / or be defined by or for one or more carriers, in particular at least one car-rier for UL communication / transmission (called UL carrier) and at least one carrier forDL communication / transmission (called DL carrier). It may be considered that a cellcomprises different numbers of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively, or addition-ally, a cell may comprise at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission and DL 2055communication / transmission, e.g., in TDD-based approaches.A channel may generally be a logical, transport or physical channel. A channel may com-prise and / or be arranged on one or more carriers, in particular a plurality of subcarriers.A channel carrying and / or for carrying control signalling / control information may be con-sidered a control channel, in particular if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries 2060control plane information. Analogously, a channel carrying and / or for carrying data sig-nalling / user information may be considered a data channel, in particular if it is a physicallayer channel and / or if it carries user plane information. A channel may be defined fora specific communication direction, or for two complementary communication directions(e.g., UL and DL, or sidelink in two directions), in which case it may be considered to 2065have two component channels, one for each direction. Examples of channels comprise achannel for low latency and / or high reliability transmission, in particular a channel forUltra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), which may be for control and / ordata.P110628WO01 57 / 71In general, a symbol may represent and / or be associated to a symbol time length, which 2070may be dependent on the carrier and / or subcarrier spacing and / or numerology of theassociated carrier. Accordingly, a symbol may be considered to indicate a time intervalhaving a symbol time length in relation to frequency domain. A symbol time lengthmay be dependent on a carrier frequency and / or bandwidth and / or numerology and / orsubcarrier spacing of, or associated to, a symbol. Accordingly, different symbols may 2075have different symbol time lengths. In particular, numerologies with different subcarrierspacings may have different symbol time length. Generally, a symbol time length may bebased on, and / or include, a guard time interval or cyclic extension, e.g. prefix or postfix.A sidelink may generally represent a communication channel (or channel structure) be-tween two UEs and / or terminals, in which data is transmitted between the participants 2080(UEs and / or terminals) via the communication channel, e.g. directly and / or withoutbeing relayed via a network node. A sidelink may be established only and / or directly viaair interface / s of the participant, which may be directly linked via the sidelink commu-nication channel. In some variants, sidelink communication may be performed withoutinteraction by a network node, e.g. on fixedly defined resources and / or on resources ne- 2085gotiated between the participants. Alternatively, or additionally, it may be consideredthat a network node provides some control functionality, e.g. by configuring resources, inparticular one or more resource pool / s, for sidelink communication, and / or monitoring asidelink, e.g. for charging purposes.Sidelink communication may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication, 2090and / or in some cases as ProSe (Proximity Services) communication, e.g. in the contextof LTE. A sidelink may be implemented in the context of V2x communication (Vehicularcommunication), e.g. V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) and / orV2P (Vehicle-to-Person). Any device adapted for sidelink communication may be consid-ered a user equipment or terminal. 2095A sidelink communication channel (or structure) may comprise one or more (e.g., physicalor logical) channels, e.g. a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control CHannel, which may forexample carry control information like an acknowledgement position indication, and / ora PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared CHannel, which for example may carry data and / oracknowledgement signalling). It may be considered that a sidelink communication channel 2100(or structure) pertains to and / or used one or more carrier / s and / or frequency range / sassociated to, and / or being used by, cellular communication, e.g. according to a specificlicense and / or standard. Participants may share a (physical) channel and / or resources,in particular in frequency domain and / or related to a frequency resource like a carrier)of a sidelink, such that two or more participants transmit thereon, e.g. simultaneously, 2105P110628WO01 58 / 71and / or time-shifted, and / or there may be associated specific channels and / or resourcesto specific participants, so that for example only one participant transmits on a specificchannel or on a specific resource or specific resources, e.g., in frequency domain and / orrelated to one or more carriers or subcarriers.A sidelink may comply with, and / or be implemented according to, a specific standard, 2110e.g. an LTE-based standard and / or NR. A sidelink may utilise TDD (Time DivisionDuplex) and / or FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) technology, e.g. as configured by anetwork node, and / or preconfigured and / or negotiated between the participants. A userequipment may be considered to be adapted for sidelink communication if it, and / or itsradio circuitry and / or processing circuitry, is adapted for utilising a sidelink, e.g. on one 2115or more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats, in particularaccording to a specific standard. It may be generally considered that a Radio AccessNetwork is defined by two participants of a sidelink communication. Alternatively, oradditionally, a Radio Access Network may be represented, and / or defined with, and / orbe related to a network node and / or communication with such a node. 2120Communication or communicating may generally comprise transmitting and / or receiv-ing signalling. Communication on a sidelink (or sidelink signalling) may comprise util-ising the sidelink for communication (respectively, for signalling). Sidelink transmissionand / or transmitting on a sidelink may be considered to comprise transmission utilising thesidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuitry and / or 2125the air interface. Sidelink reception and / or receiving on a sidelink may be consideredto comprise reception utilising the sidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmis-sion formats and / or circuitry and / or the air interface. Sidelink control information (e.g.,SCI) may generally be considered to comprise control information transmitted utilising asidelink. 2130Generally, carrier aggregation (CA) may refer to the concept of a radio connection and / orcommunication link between a wireless and / or cellular communication network and / ornetwork node and a terminal or on a sidelink comprising a plurality of carriers for at leastone direction of transmission (e.g. DL and / or UL), as well as to the aggregate of carriers.A corresponding communication link may be referred to as carrier aggregated communi- 2135cation link or CA communication link; carriers in a carrier aggregate may be referred toas component carriers (CC). In such a link, data may be transmitted over more than oneof the carriers and / or all the carriers of the carrier aggregation (the aggregate of carri-ers). A carrier aggregation may comprise one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / orprimary carriers (which may e.g. be referred to as primary component carrier or PCC), 2140over which control information may be transmitted, wherein the control information mayP110628WO01 59 / 71refer to the primary carrier and other carriers, which may be referred to as secondarycarriers (or secondary component carrier, SCC). However, in some approaches, controlinformation may be sent over more than one carrier of an aggregate, e.g. one or morePCCs and one PCC and one or more SCCs. 2145A transmission may generally pertain to a specific channel and / or specific resources,in particular with a starting symbol and ending symbol in time, covering the intervaltherebetween. A scheduled transmission may be a transmission scheduled and / or expectedand / or for which resources are scheduled or provided or reserved. However, not everyscheduled transmission has to be realized. For example, a scheduled downlink transmission 2150may not be received, or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be transmitted due topower limitations, or other influences (e.g., a channel on an unlicensed carrier beingoccupied). A transmission may be scheduled for a transmission timing substructure (e.g.,a mini-slot, and / or covering only a part of a transmission timing structure) within atransmission timing structure like a slot. A border symbol may be indicative of a symbol 2155in the transmission timing structure at which the transmission starts or ends.Predefined in the context of this disclosure may refer to the related information beingdefined for example in a standard, and / or being available without specific configurationfrom a network or network node, e.g. stored in memory, for example independent of beingconfigured. Configured or configurable may be considered to pertain to the corresponding 2160information being set / configured, e.g. by the network or a network node.A configuration or schedule, like a mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration,may schedule transmissions, e.g. for the time / transmissions it is valid, and / or transmis-sions may be scheduled by separate signalling or separate configuration, e.g. separate RRCsignalling and / or downlink control information signalling. The transmission / s scheduled 2165may represent signalling to be transmitted by the device for which it is scheduled, orsignalling to be received by the device for which it is scheduled, depending on which sideof a communication the device is. It should be noted that downlink control informationor specifically DCI signalling may be considered physical layer signalling, in contrast tohigher layer signalling like MAC (Medium Access Control) signalling or RRC layer sig- 2170nalling. The higher the layer of signalling is, the less frequent / the more time / resourceconsuming it may be considered, at least partially due to the information contained in suchsignalling having to be passed on through several layers, each layer requiring processingand handling.A scheduled transmission, and / or transmission timing structure like a mini-slot or slot, 2175may pertain to a specific channel, in particular a physical uplink shared channel, a physicaluplink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel, e.g. PUSCH, PUCCH orP110628WO01 60 / 71PDSCH, and / or may pertain to a specific cell and / or carrier aggregation. A correspond-ing configuration, e.g. scheduling configuration or symbol configuration may pertain tosuch channel, cell and / or carrier aggregation. It may be considered that the scheduled 2180transmission represents transmission on a physical channel, in particular a shared phys-ical channel, for example a physical uplink shared channel or physical downlink sharedchannel. For such channels, semi-persistent configuring may be particularly suitable.Generally, a configuration may be a configuration indicating timing, and / or be representedor configured with corresponding configuration data. A configuration may be embedded 2185in, and / or comprised in, a message or configuration or corresponding data, which mayindicate and / or schedule resources, in particular semi-persistently and / or semi-statically.A control region of a transmission timing structure may be an interval in time and / orfrequency domain for intended or scheduled or reserved for control signalling, in particulardownlink control signalling, and / or for a specific control channel, e.g. a physical downlink 2190control channel like PDCCH. The interval may comprise, and / or consist of, a number ofsymbols in time, which may be configured or configurable, e.g. by (UE-specific) dedicatedsignalling (which may be single-cast, for example addressed to or intended for a specificUE), e.g. on a PDCCH, or RRC signalling, or on a multicast or broadcast channel.In general, the transmission timing structure may comprise a control region covering a 2195configurable number of symbols. It may be considered that in general the border symbol isconfigured to be after the control region in time. A control region may be associated, e.g.via configuration and / or determination, to one or more specific UEs and / or formats ofPDCCH and / or DCI and / or identifiers, e.g. UE identifiers and / or RNTIs or carrier / cellidentifiers, and / or be represented and / or associated to a CORESET and / or a search 2200space.The duration of a symbol (symbol time length or interval) of the transmission timingstructure may generally be dependent on a numerology and / or carrier, wherein the nu-merology and / or carrier may be configurable. The numerology may be the numerologyto be used for the scheduled transmission. 2205System information signalling may comprise and / or represent signalling indicating one ormore system parameters, in particular timing and / or synchronisation, and / or numerol-ogy and / or a system identity (e.g. beam identity and / or cell ID and / or node ID and / ornetwork ID). System information signalling may comprise broadcast signalling or multi-cast signalling; it may be beam-formed signalling, or non-beam-formed. In some cases, 2210system information signalling may comprise synchronisation signalling, e.g. PSS and / orSSS, and / or reference signalling, e.g. DM-RS, and / or data signalling, e.g. on a broad-cast channel like PBCH, or on a data channel like PDSCH, e.g. suitable for broadcastP110628WO01 61 / 71or multicast, or scrambled with an ID provided in earlier signalling or predefined in astandard. Such data signalling may comprise encoded information, e.g. with error detec- 2215tion coding and / or error correction coding. System information signalling may compriseSystem Information, e.g. a Master Information Block (MIB) and / or one or more SystemInformation Blocks (SIB). System information signalling may be carried on a SSB beam;in some cases, different parts of system information may be transmitted in different sig-nallings. For example, a MIB may be transmitted with signalling on a broadcast channel 2220like PBCH and / or with synchronisation signalling (like a SSB), while a SIB1 or otherSIBn may be transmitted on a data channel, e.g. a PDSCH, which may be scheduledwith a corresponding control channel message like a DCI (such transmission may maysinglecast, multi-cast / groupcast, or broadcast).A transmission timing structure may comprise a plurality of symbols, and / or define an 2225interval comprising several symbols (respectively their associated time intervals). In thecontext of this disclosure, it should be noted that a reference to a symbol for ease of ref-erence may be interpreted to refer to the time domain projection or time interval or timecomponent or duration or length in time of the symbol, unless it is clear from the contextthat the frequency domain component also has to be considered. Examples of transmis- 2230sion timing structures include slot, subframe, mini-slot (which also may be considered asubstructure of a slot), slot aggregation (which may comprise a plurality of slots and maybe considered a superstructure of a slot), respectively their time domain component. Atransmission timing structure may generally comprise a plurality of symbols defining thetime domain extension (e.g., interval or length or duration) of the transmission timing 2235structure, and arranged neighboring to each other in a numbered sequence. A timingstructure (which may also be considered or implemented as synchronisation structure)may be defined by a succession of such transmission timing structures, which may forexample define a timing grid with symbols representing the smallest grid structures. Atransmission timing structure, and / or a border symbol or a scheduled transmission may 2240be determined or scheduled in relation to such a timing grid. A transmission timingstructure of reception may be the transmission timing structure in which the schedulingcontrol signalling is received, e.g. in relation to the timing grid. A transmission timingstructure may in particular be a slot or subframe or in some cases, a mini-slot.Feedback signalling may be considered a form or control signalling, e.g. uplink or sidelink 2245control signalling, like UCI (Uplink Control Information) signalling or SCI (Sidelink Con-trol Information) signalling. Feedback signalling may in particular comprise and / or rep-resent acknowledgement signalling and / or acknowledgement information and / or measure-ment reporting.P110628WO01 62 / 71Signalling utilising, and / or on and / or associated to, resources or a resource structure may 2250be signalling covering the resources or structure, signalling on the associated frequency / iesand / or in the associated time interval / s. It may be considered that a signalling resourcestructure comprises and / or encompasses one or more substructures, which may be as-sociated to one or more different channels and / or types of signalling and / or compriseone or more holes (resource element / s not scheduled for transmissions or reception of 2255transmissions). A resource substructure, e.g. a feedback resource structure, may gener-ally be continuous in time and / or frequency, within the associated intervals. It may beconsidered that a substructure, in particular a feedback resource structure, represents arectangle filled with one or more resource elements in time / frequency space. However,in some cases, a resource structure or substructure, in particular a frequency resource 2260range, may represent a non-continuous pattern of resources in one or more domains, e.g.time and / or frequency. The resource elements of a substructure may be scheduled forassociated signalling.Example types of signalling comprise signalling of a specific communication direction, inparticular, uplink signalling, downlink signalling, sidelink signalling, as well as reference 2265signalling (e.g., SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signalling, control signalling,and / or signalling associated to a specific channel like PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH,PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.).In the context of this disclosure, there may be distinguished between dynamically sched-uled or aperiodic transmission and / or configuration, and semi-static or semi-persistent or 2270periodic transmission and / or configuration. The term “dynamic” or similar terms maygenerally pertain to configuration / transmission valid and / or scheduled and / or configuredfor (relatively) short timescales and / or a (e.g., predefined and / or configured and / or lim-ited and / or definite) number of occurrences and / or transmission timing structures, e.g.one or more transmission timing structures like slots or slot aggregations, and / or for one 2275or more (e.g., specific number) of transmission / occurrences. Dynamic configuration maybe based on low-level signalling, e.g. control signalling on the physical layer and / or MAClayer, in particular in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodic / semi-static may pertain to longertimescales, e.g. several slots and / or more than one frame, and / or a non-defined numberof occurrences, e.g., until a dynamic configuration contradicts, or until a new periodic 2280configuration arrives. A periodic or semi-static configuration may be based on, and / or beconfigured with, higher-layer signalling, in particular RCL layer signalling and / or RRCsignalling and / or MAC signalling.In this disclosure, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are setforth (such as particular network functions, processes and signalling steps) in order to 2285P110628WO01 63 / 71provide a thorough understanding of the technique presented herein. It will be apparentto one skilled in the art that the present concepts and aspects may be practised in othervariants and variants that depart from these specific details.For example, the concepts and variants are partially described in the context of LongTerm Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) or New Radio mobile or wireless com- 2290munications technologies; however, this does not rule out the use of the present conceptsand aspects in connection with additional or alternative mobile communication technolo-gies such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or IEEE standards asIEEE 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11 ay. While described variants may pertain to certain Tech-nical Specifications (TSs) of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it will be 2295appreciated that the present approaches, concepts and aspects could also be realized inconnection with different Performance Management (PM) specifications.Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the services, functions and stepsexplained herein may be implemented using software functioning in conjunction with aprogrammed microprocessor, or using an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), 2300a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or generalpurpose computer. It will also be appreciated that while the variants described hereinare elucidated in the context of methods and devices, the concepts and aspects presentedherein may also be embodied in a program product as well as in a system comprisingcontrol circuitry, e.g. a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor, 2305wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products thatexecute the services, functions and steps disclosed herein.It is believed that the advantages of the aspects and variants presented herein will be fullyunderstood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changesmay be made in the form, constructions and arrangement of the exemplary aspects thereof 2310without departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or withoutsacrificing all of its advantageous effects. The aspects presented herein can be varied inmany ways.P110628WO01 64 / 71Some useful abbreviations compriseAbbreviation ExplanationABF Analog beamformer, fanout to antenna+beamformingACK / NACK Acknowledgment / Negative AcknowledgementAnt AntennaARQ Automatic Repeat reQuestBB BaseBandBeamindex IF beamindex interfaceBER Bit Error RateBI Beam IndexBLER Block Error RateBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingBWP BandWidth PartCAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero Cross CorrelationCB Code BlockCBB Code Block BundleCBG Code Block GroupCDM Code Division MultiplexCE Control Element, in particular for the MAC layerCM Cubic MetricComm RXBB communication receiver basebandCORESET Control Resource SetCP Cyclic PrefixCP rem CP removalCQI Channel Quality InformationCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRS Common reference signalCSI Channel State InformationCSI-RS Channel state information reference signalDAI Downlink Assignment IndicatorDCI Downlink Control InformationDFE Digital FrontendDFT Discrete Fourier TransformDFTS-FDM DFT-spread-FDMDM(-)RS Demodulation reference signal(ing)eMBB enhanced Mobile BroadBandFDD Frequency Division DuplexP110628WO01 65 / 71FDE Frequency Domain EqualisationFDF Frequency Domain FilteringFDM Frequency Division MultiplexFFT Fast Fourier TransformGPIO General Purpose Input OutputHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat RequestIAB Integrated Access and BackhaulIE Information Element, in particular for RRC layerIFFT Inverse Fast Fourier TransformIm Imaginary part, e.g. for pi / 2*BPSK modulationIR Impulse ResponseISI Inter Symbol InterferenceJCAS Joint Communication and SensingMBB Mobile BroadbandMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeMIMO Multiple-input-multiple-outputMRC Maximum-ratio combiningMRT Maximum-ratio transmissionMU-MIMO Multiuser multiple-input-multiple-outputOFDM / A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple AccessPAPR Peak to Average Power RatioPDCCH Physical Downlink Control ChannelPDSCH Physical Downlink Shared ChannelPRACH Physical Random Access CHannelPRB Physical Resource BlockPUCCH Physical Uplink Control ChannelPUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel(P)SCCH (Physical) Sidelink Control ChannelPSS Primary Synchronisation Signal(ing)PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference signalling(P)SSCH (Physical) Sidelink Shared ChannelQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationOCC Orthogonal Cover CodeQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingPCI Physical Cell IdentityPSD Power Spectral DensityRAN Radio Access NetworkRAT Radio Access TechnologyP110628WO01 66 / 71RB Resource BlockRE Resource ElementRe Real part (e.g., for pi / 2*BPSK) modulationRF Radio FrequencyRNTI Radio Network Temporary IdentifierRRC Radio Resource ControlRX Receiver, Reception, Reception-related / sideSA Scheduling AssignmentSC-FDE Single Carrier Frequency Domain EqualisationSC-FDM / A Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple AccessSCI Sidelink Control InformationSDT Small Data TransmissionSINR Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratioSIR Signal-to-interference ratioSNR Signal-to-noise-ratioSPI Serial to Parallel InterfaceSR Scheduling RequestSRS Sounding Reference Signal(ing)SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal(ing)SVD Singular-value decompositionTB Transport BlockTDD Time Division DuplexTDM Time Division MultiplexT-RS Tracking Reference signalling or Timing Reference signallingTX Transmitter, Transmission, Transmission-related / sideUCI Uplink Control InformationUDC Up-Down Converter, mixing from BB¡-¿RFUE User EquipmentURLLC Ultra Low Latency High Reliability CommunicationVL-MIMO Very-large multiple-input-multiple-outputWD Wireless DeviceWfg Waveform GeneratorZC Zadoff-ChuZF Zero ForcingZP Zero-Power, e.g. muted CSI-RS symbol2315P110628WO01 67 / 71Abbreviations may be considered to follow 3GPP usage if applicable.P110628WO01 68 / 71

Claims

CLAIMS1. Method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the methodcomprising transmitting a request for system information transmission for a target cellbased on a configuration received from a source cell different than the target cell. 23202. Wireless device for a wireless communication network, the wireless device being adaptedfor transmitting a request for system information transmission for a target cell based ona configuration received from a source cell different than the target cell.

3. Method of operating a source network node in a wireless communication network,the method comprising transmitting, utilising a source cell, a configuration pertaining to 2325requesting system information transmission for a target cell different from the source cell.

4. Source network node for a wireless communication network, the source network nodebeing adapted for transmitting, transmitting, utilising a source cell, a configuration per-taining to requesting system information transmission for a target cell different from thesource cell. 23305. Method of operating a target network node in a wireless communication network, themethod comprising transmitting information signalling indicating support of on-demandsystem information transmission for a target cell, and / or information signalling indicat-ing a source cell providing a configuration pertaining to requesting system informationtransmission for a target cell different from the source cell. 23356. Target network node for a wireless communication network, the target network nodebeing adapted to transmit information signalling indicating support of on-demand systeminformation transmission for a target cell, and / or the information signalling indicating asource cell providing a configuration pertaining to requesting system information trans-mission for a target cell different from the source cell. 23407. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the target cellsupports On Demand SIB1 signalling, and / or the system information corresponds toSIB1.

8. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the configurationis provided with broadcast signalling, and / or is in response to a configuration request. 23459. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the target cell isadapted to not provide periodic SIB1 transmission.

10. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the requestP110628WO01 69 / 71for system information transmission corresponds to a Wake-Up Signal, and / or a randomaccess message, in particular a msg1 or msgA. 235011. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a request forsystem information transmission is transmitted based on the configuration from the sourcecell and information signalling from the target cell.

12. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the target cell isa secondary cell in a carrier aggregation and / or multiple connectivity. 235513. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the request forsystem information transmission is limited based on capability and / or position and / ortime and / or signal quality and / or signal strength.

14. Program product comprising instructions causing processing circuitry to controland / or perform a method according to one of claims 1, or 3, or 5, or one of claims 7 2360to 13.

15. Carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product accordingto claim 14.P110628WO01 70 / 71

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