Cross-link interference (CLI) measurements for antenna mismatches

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to enhancing cross-link interference (CLI) measurements when there are mismatches between base station antennas / panels. For example, the systems and methods may facilitate an exchange of information associated with channel reciprocity, or the positioning and / or locations of the antennas / panels between base stations. The exchange of information may include reference signal configurations associated with performing measurements and can enhance the measurement of CLI for scenarios that involve mismatches between Tx and Rx antennas / panels at base stations.

Description

CROSS-LINK INTERFERENCE (CLI) MEASUREMENTS FOR ANTENNAMISMATCHESCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 572750, filed on April 1, 2024, entitled CROSS-LINK INTERFERENCE (CLI) MEASUREMENTS FOR ANTENNA MISMATCHES, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to measuring cross-link interference (CLI) for antenna mismatches.BACKGROUND

[0003] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communications system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like)). Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).

[0004] The wireless communications system may support time division duplexing (TDD), which involves splitting resources between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) in a time domain. In some cases, one or more network communication devices or user communication devices may experience CLI. To mitigate or decrease CLI, the wirelesscommunications system, including the one or more network communication devices or user communication devices, may support use of synchronized (e.g., phase and frequency synchronized) and / or identical patterns of TDD (also referred to herein as TDD patterns). In some other cases, the wireless communications system may support sub-band full-duplex (SBFD), where user communication devices can be configured to transmit UL signals in a sub-band on DL symbols, or transmit DL signals in a sub-band on UL symbols. Although the user communication devices may not have FD capabilities, network communication devices may be configured to include the FD capabilities and perform transmissions within the sub-bands.SUMMARY

[0005] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of’ or “one or more of’ or “one or both of’) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

[0006] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that enable the measurement of CLI for various antenna / panel deployment scenarios, including scenarios that involve mismatches between Tx and Rx antennas / panels at base stations.

[0007] A second base station for wireless communication is described. The second base station be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the second base station may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause thesecond base station to obtain a configuration for CLI, the configuration comprising one or more of first information that indicates that a reference signal is for CLI, or second information that indicates an identifier of a first base station associated with the reference signal, receive a reference signal according to the configuration, and estimate a CLI between the second base station and the first base station based at least in part on a CLI measurement on the received reference signal.

[0008] A method performed or performable by the second base station is described. The method may comprise obtaining a configuration for CLI, the configuration comprising one or more of first information that indicates that a reference signal is for CLI, or second information that indicates an identifier of a first base station associated with the reference signal, receiving a reference signal according to the configuration, and estimating a CLI between the second base station and the first base station based at least in part on a CLI measurement on the received reference signal.

[0009] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the reference signal configuration further comprises information that indicates a first reciprocal relationship between the reference signal and an uplink communication, a second reciprocal relationship between the reference signal and a full-duplex operation of a subband associated with the first base station, a first quasi-collocation (QCL) relationship between the reference signal and the uplink communication, a second QCL between the reference signal and the full-duplex operation, or an antenna configured for the full-duplex operation.

[0010] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the estimated CLI is caused by the second base station on the first base station, on a cell associated with the first base station, or on the sub-band associated with the first base station.

[0011] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the reference signal comprises a cell-defining synchronization signal block (CD- SSB), a non-cell-defining synchronization signal block (NCD-SSB), a channel state information reference signal (CSLRS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS).

[0012] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, a result of the CLI measurement comprises a channel measurement value or a receive signal strength value.

[0013] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the second information comprises an indication that the first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, a sub-band associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof, transmitted the reference signal to the second base station.

[0014] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the second base station and method may further be configured to, capable of, performed, performable, or operable to determine that a result of the CLI measurement is usable for CLI estimation between the second base station and the first base station based on at least one additional parameter, including a power offset value, a first transmission power associated with the reference signal, or a type of the first base station, the second base station, or both.

[0015] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the second base station and method may further be configured to, capable of, performed, performable, or operable to determine a transmission power, a beamforming configuration, a resource allocation, or a combination thereof, based on the estimated CLI between the second base station and the first base station.

[0016] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the second base station and method may further be configured to, capable of, performed, performable, or operable to determine the transmission power for transmission of a signal by adjusting a current transmission power in response to the estimated CLI satisfying a threshold CLI value.

[0017] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the second base station and method may further be configured to, capable of, performed, performable, or operable to apply the transmission power for a transmission beam that is a reciprocal of a reception beam associated with the CLI measurement on the received reference signal.

[0018] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the second base station and method may further be configured to, capable of, performed, performable, or operable to determine the beamforming configuration based at least in part on determining that the estimated CLI satisfies a threshold CLI value and transmitting a signal without using a transmission beam that is a reciprocal of a reception beam that is applied when performing the CLI measurement on the reference signal.

[0019] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the second base station and method may further be configured to, capable of, performed, performable, or operable to determine the resource allocation by constraining transmission of a signal on resources that cause CLI.

[0020] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the signal comprises a downlink reference signal, a synchronization signal, a broadcast signal, a control channel signal, a data channel signal, or a shared channel signal.

[0021] A second base station for wireless communication is described. The second base station be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the second base station may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second base station to receive a first configuration of a first reference signal, wherein the first configuration comprises first information that the first reference signal is for CLI measurement, or second information that identifies one or more of a first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, or a sub-band associated with the first base station, perform a first CLI measurement by applying a reception beam on the first reference signal to obtain a first measurement result, transmit a second reference signal by applying a transmission beam, receive a second measurement result from the first base station based on the transmitted second reference signal, and determine an estimate of CLI that is based on a mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result.

[0022] A method performed or performable by the second base station is described. The method may comprise receiving a first configuration of a first reference signal, wherein the first configuration comprises first information that the first reference signal is for CLImeasurement, or second information that identifies one or more of a first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, or a sub-band associated with the first base station, performing a first CLI measurement by applying a reception beam on the first reference signal to obtain a first measurement result, transmitting a second reference signal by applying a transmission beam, receive a second measurement result from the first base station based on the transmitted second reference signal, and determining an estimate of CLI that is based on a mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result.

[0023] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the first reference signal or the second reference signal comprises a CD-SSB, an NCD-SSB, a CSI-RS, or an SRS.

[0024] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the transmission beam is a reciprocal of the reception beam.

[0025] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the estimate of CLI comprises CLI from the second base station to the first base station, the cell associated with the first base station, or the sub-band associated with the first base station.

[0026] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the first measurement result or the second measurement result comprises a channel measurement value or a receive signal strength value.

[0027] In some implementations of the second base station and method described herein, the mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result comprises a power offset value in decibels.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 2 illustrates an example block diagram that depicts a wireless cell in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figures 3 A-3B illustrate example diagrams that depict a comparison of TDD and SBFD in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 4 illustrates an example diagram that depicts CLI between network devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 5 illustrates an example diagram that depicts a full-duplex implementation with multiple antennas in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a network equipment (NE) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In some wireless communication systems, user communication devices, such as UEs may support CLI measurement and reporting. For example, a UE may transmit a reference signal, for example, a sounding reference signal (SRS) to another UE, which may receive the SRS and measure a signal strength of the received SRS (e.g., a reference signal received power (RSRP) of the received SRS), and report the measured signal strength of the received SRS to a network communication device (e.g., a base station) of the wireless communication system. This CLI measurement and reporting may be referred to as intracell CLI measurement and reporting. However, these wireless communication systems may not support CLI measurement and reporting for UEs served by different base stations (e.g., inter-cell CLI measurement and reporting). Additionally, these wireless communicationsystems may not support inter-cell CLI measurement and reporting for beam-based transmission (Tx) or reception (Rx) of reference signals (e.g., SRS) for reporting.

[0039] The handling of inter-cell CLI does not utilize information exchange on backhaul interfaces (e.g., an Xn or NG interface), and when a CLI measurement is performed by a victim entity (e.g., a victim UE or a victim base station), a measurement result is used at the victim entity and the result can be communicated (e.g., transmitted) to an aggressor entity (e.g., an aggressor UE or an aggressor base station). As another example, the aggressor entity can measure the CLI of a channel at the victim entity and use the measured result to estimate a CLI based on an assumption of channel reciprocity (e.g., where a channel is equivalent to its reverse channel).

[0040] These techniques have drawbacks for wireless communications system that support FD, such as SBFD, because antennas (or antenna panels) used for Tx and Rx at the network communication devices (e.g., base stations) may be different. For example, some FD implementations include physical isolation of Tx antennas / panels with Rx antennas / panels, and thus the wireless communications system may be unable to utilize channel reciprocity when estimating CLI for one or more channels, because the antennas / panels for Tx and Rx may be mismatched. The deployment of Tx / Rx antennas / panels can include collocated Tx / Rx antennas / panels, Tx / Rx antennas / panels having similar orientations, and so on. Such features can enhance CLI measurements (e.g., by an aggressor entity) when additional information associated with channel reciprocity, or the positioning and / or locations of the antennas / panels is exchanged between entities.

[0041] Accordingly, the exchange of information between entities (e.g., victim entities and aggressor entities), such as by configuring reference signals associated with performing measurements, can improve the measurement of CLI for various deployment scenarios, including scenarios that involve mismatches between Tx and Rx antennas / panels at base stations, among other benefits.

[0042] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies.In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G- Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

[0043] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

[0044] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.

[0045] The one or more UE 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (loT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (loE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

[0046] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

[0047] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., SI, N2, N2, or network interface). In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106. In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs).

[0048] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets orinterconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.

[0049] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an SI, N2, N2, or another network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106).

[0050] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5 G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

[0051] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., / r=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe.A second numerology (e.g., / r=l) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., / r=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., / r=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0052] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

[0053] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., / r=0, jU=l, / r=2, jU=3, / r=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[0054] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0055] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., / r=0), which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., / r=l), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

[0056] Figure 2 illustrates an example block diagram that depicts a wireless cell 200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless cell includes the UE 104 connected to the NE 102, such as a base station or gNB. As described herein, the NE 102 may be a RAN node operating via 4G, 5G, or 6G standard, and may be implemented as a TRP, a customer premises equipment (CPE), an integrated access / backhaul (IAB) node, a relay, and so on. Generally, the UE 104 transmits to the NE 102 over an UL channel 210, and the NE 102 transmits to the UE over a DL channel 220.

[0057] As described herein, the UE 104 may be configured with an SBFD resource configuration. Via SBFD, a sub-band in a bandwidth of the wireless link or channel (e.g., UL channel 210 and / or DL channel 220) is configured to perform communication in adirection that is different from the direction of communication in the rest of the bandwidth. For example, a UL sub-band on a DL symbol refers to a sub-band within the DL bandwidth that may be used for UL communications. Figures 3A-3B illustrate example diagrams that depict a comparison of TDD and SBFD in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0058] For TDD, as shown in Figure 3A, a bandwidth 300 includes multiple periodicities, each having DL time resources 310 (e.g., slots or symbols) and UL time resources 320 (e.g., slots or symbols).

[0059] For SBFD, as shown in Figure 3B, a bandwidth 350 includes a UL sub-band 370 that splits the bandwidth 350 into two or three sub-bands - one UL sub-band adjacent to one or two DL sub-bands 360. The remaining DL resources may also be referred to as subbands. Thus, sub-band configurations can include: a UL sub-band configured in a DL bandwidth, two DL sub-bands and a UL sub-band (all configured separately), two DL subbands configured in a UL bandwidth, and so on.

[0060] In some cases, the bandwidth 350 may also include one or more guard bands 375, which can be explicitly configured or implicitly determined. A guard band 375 may be located between adjacent sub-bands, such as between a DL sub-band and a UL sub-band. The guard band 375 may be configured as a number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) on which the UE 104 does not receive or transmit signals.

[0061] Typically, wireless communications systems perform half-duplex operations, such as by employing transceivers that perform either Tx or RX using one antenna. However, when operating SBFD (or other advanced duplexing), the UE 104 or the NE 102 may communicate in DL and UL simultaneously. For example, dynamic / flexible TDD (d / f- TDD) and sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) allow cells in a vicinity to use the same resources in time and / or frequency domains for both DL and UL transmissions. However, this simultaneous operation may lead to CLI between base stations and / or between UEs.

[0062] Figure 4 illustrates an example diagram 400 that depicts CLI between network devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown BS-to-CBS CLIoccurs between base stations 410 and 415 (e.g., BS2 and BS1) and UE-to-UE CLI occurs between UEs 420 and 425 (e.g., UE2 and UE1).

[0063] In some cases, the base stations exchange information over the network interface, which may be a direct backhaul interface or an interface via the CN 106. Example interfaces include NG interfaces to a network function (e.g., the AMF) of the CN 106, a direct Xn interface, and so on.

[0064] In some embodiments, each base station 410, 415 may employ multiple antennas / panels for simultaneous transmissions and / or receptions. Figure 5 illustrates an example diagram that depicts a full-duplex implementation 500 with multiple antennas in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0065] The base stations 410, 415 include multiple antennas / panels 510. For example, BS2 includes antenna BS2-A1 and BS2-A2, and BS1 includes BS1-A1 and BS1-A2. The “Al” antennas are deployed for typical half-duplex communications (e.g., FDD and TDD), and the “A2” antennas are deployed to perform full-duplex operations.

[0066] In an example implementation where UL sub-bands are utilized on DL symbols / slots, the A2 antennas (e.g., BS1-A2 and BS2-A2) may only be used for reception (e.g., UL communications in UL sub-bands), while the Al antennas (e.g., BS1-A1 and BS2-A1) may be used for transmission or reception (but not simultaneously).

[0067] For example, when the BS1 operates in the UL direction and the BS2 operates in the DL direction, the BS1 may use the additional e.g., (full-duplex) antenna BS1-A2 for receiving the UL signals from the UE1, while the BS2 may use the conventional (e.g., half- duplex) antenna BS2-A1 for transmitting the DL signals to the UE2. Thus, to obtain an estimate of BS-to-BS CLI from the BS2 to the BS1 on the UL sub-band, the channel from the antenna BS2-A1 to the antenna BS1-A2 should be measured. If channel reciprocity holds, that channel would be equivalent to its reverse channel (e.g., the channel from the antenna BS1-A2 to the antenna BS2-A1), which the BS2 can obtain by measuring a DL reference signal, such as SSB or CSI-RS from the BS1.

[0068] However, as described herein, the BS1 may transmit DL reference signals through the conventional Tx-Rx antennas / panels, such as the antenna BS1-A1, and not theadditional antennas / panels, such as the antenna BS1-A2, which may not be equipped with RF circuitry for transmissions. Also, because the antenna BS1-A1 and the antenna BS1-A2 are not ideally collocated (e.g., the antennas are spaced multiple wavelengths apart), the channel measured from BS1-A1 may not be automatically taken as a reciprocal channel when estimating BS-to-BS CLI. Thus, there is a Tx-Rx mismatch between the base stations, and the various systems and methods described herein provide solutions for measuring CLI in such scenarios.

[0069] Of course, the systems and methods described herein are applicable in all FD directions, such as UL sub-bands on DL symbols / slots and / or DL sub-bands on UL symbols / slots.

[0070] In some embodiments, a first BS (e.g., a gNB or other NE 102) configures one or more reference signals, or RS, for CLI measurement. The RS may be DL RS, such as CD-SSB, NCD-SSB, or CSLRS, or UL RS such as SRS. Thus, the RS may be an existing RS, such as SSB or CSLRS, an SRS with potential enhancements, and / or a new RS. The second BS may receive information, such as a reference signal identifier information element (IE) that the configured RS is for CLI.

[0071] The first BS (e.g., the BS1) uses the antenna BS1-A2 for transmitting the CLI- RS, where the antenna BS1-A2 is used for receiving UL signals from a first UE in the UL sub-band. In general, the BS1-A2 may be different from the antenna BS1-A1, which may be used for conventional DL / UL communications (e.g., TDD).

[0072] The antenna BS1-A2 may be implemented with additional RF circuitry for transmission, even though it is deployed for reception in UL sub-bands. Such an implementation may be communicated as a capability, feature, and / or parameter, as described herein. In some cases, a number of Tx antenna ports on the antenna BS1-A2 may be different (e.g., fewer) than the number of Tx antenna ports on the antenna BS1-A1

[0073] The second BS (e.g., the BS2), acting as an aggressor entity, may then perform a measurement on the RS to obtain a channel measurement and / or a received signal strength value, such as an SSB-RSRP, CSLRSRP, SRS-RSRP, and so on. The second BS uses thischannel measurement and / or received signal strength value as a measure of CLI from the second BS to the first BS (e.g., through the reverse channel).

[0074] For example, the first BS transmits the CLI -RS using the antenna BS1-A2 on at least one RB corresponding to a DL sub-band (e.g., RBs near the boundary on the DL and UL sub-band). In some cases, the first BS transmits the CLLRS on SBFD symbols or non- SBFD UL symbols. In other cases, the first BS transmits the CLLRS on non-SBFD DL symbols with at least one zero power RB on RBs corresponding to the UL sub-band (e.g., zero power RBs near the boundary on the DL and UL sub-band). In other cases, the first BS transmits the CLI -RS on at least one RB corresponding to the UL sub-band.

[0075] The second BS may determine the CLI based on the measurements and a distortion function. The distortion function may represent a leaked distortion channel from the Tx in the DL sub-band to the UL sub-band due to transmitter hardware nonlinearities at the second BS. In some cases, the second BS applies the distortion function on the measurements (e.g., multiplies the channel measurement with the leaked distortion channel).

[0076] The base stations may be configured to perform the measurements and / or exchange information, as follows. In one example, the NE 102, such as a core network function (CNF), may configure the first BS with the CLLRS and inform the second BS of the CLLRS configuration information. In response, the first BS transmits the CLLRS according to the configuration from the CNF and the second BS performs the measurement on the CLLRS resources according to the configuration information from the CNF. The signaling between the CNF and the first BS and / or the signaling between the CNF and the second BS may occur on backhaul interfaces, such as NG / N2 interfaces.

[0077] In another example, the first BS may configure the CLLRS (e.g., optionally based on signaling with the CNF), and inform the second BS of the CLLRS configuration information. In response, the second BS performs measurement on the CLLRS resources according to the configuration information from the first BS. The signaling between the first BS and the second BS may occur on a backhaul interface, such as an Xn / X2 interface.

[0078] Further, a base station, such as the second BS, may apply additional parameters to obtained channel measurements to obtain an estimate of CLI through the reverse channel. In one example, the second BS is provided an offset power value (e.g., in dBs) or other values (e.g., based on BS type or other communicated information) to apply to the channel measurement when obtaining a CLI measurement result (e.g., a CLI value).

[0079] In another example, the second BS may receive a distortion function and apply the distortion function to the channel measurement to obtain the CLI value. Additional parameters may be provided by the network / OAM, a CNF, the first BS, or other network nodes. In response, the second BS applies the additional parameters to the channel measurement in order to obtain an estimate of the CLI through the reverse channel.

[0080] In some cases, upon obtaining an estimate of the CLI through the reverse channel, the second BS may use the CLI estimate when performing a CLI mitigation action, such as Tx power reduction, constraining (e.g., pausing, skipping, refraining) communications on time-frequency resources, constraining communications on one or multiple beams, and so on. The constrained communications can include DL reference signals (e.g., periodic CSI-RS, semi-persistent CSLRS, aperiodic CSLRS), synchronization signals (e.g., SSBs, such as CD-SSBs, NCD-SSBs), broadcast signals (e.g., broadcasted reference signals and / or synchronization signals), control channel signals (e.g., PDCCH on CORESET), data channel signals (e.g., SPS), shared channel signals (e.g., PDSCH or PUSCH)), and so on.

[0081] In some cases, the CLI -RS configuration information (e.g., communicated among the CNF, the first BS, and / or the second BS) may comprise one or more parameters that indicate the following: an association with an FD / SBFD operation; an association with an FD / SBFD sub-band; an association with an antenna / panel for FD / SBFD operation; an indication of a collocation or quasi-collocation (QCL) relationship;an association with a plurality of resources in the time domain (e.g., slots, symbols, subframes, frames), the frequency domain (e.g., sub-bands, PRBs, carrier, CC, BWP), or a combination thereof; an association with spatial information (e.g., beams, antenna / panel, QCL relationship, spatial relation information); an association with another reference signal (e.g., CD-SSB, NCD-SSB, CSI-RS, SRS); and / or additional parameters for obtaining a CLI value based on the received signal strength as measured on the CLI-RS resources.

[0082] An association with an FD / SBFD operation, an FD / SBFD sub-band, or an antenna / panel for FD / SBFD operation may indicate, explicitly or implicitly, that the CLI- RS can be used for a channel measurement to obtain a CLI value for a reverse channel.

[0083] Further, an indication of collocation or quasi-collocation (QCL) relationship may indicate, explicitly or implicitly, that the channel measured through the CLI-RS may hold a reciprocal (e.g., equivalent) relationship with a reverse channel that causes a CLI. The QCL relationship may be of an existing type, such as QCL Type D, or may be of a new type, such as QCL Type X, which indicates a QCL relationship between a channel and a reciprocal channel through an antenna / panel used for full-duplex communication.

[0084] Also, an association with resources or beams may indicate that the CLI obtained by measuring the channel may be existing or excessive on the said resources or beams. An association with another reference signal may indicate, explicitly or implicitly, a QCL relationship with the reference signal.

[0085] In some cases, the second BS may apply the additional parameters for obtaining a CLI value based on the received signal strength as measured on the CLI-RS resources.

[0086] In some cases, the systems and methods can enable the measuring of adjacent- channel CLI, which may be caused by a first signal in a first frequency range on a second signal that is transmitted, fully or partially, in a second frequency range that is adjacent to the first frequency range. Adjacent-channel CLI may occur among the NEs 102 (e.g., basestations) of a same or different network operator, such as between a macro base station of one operator on a small-cell base station of another operator (or vice versa).

[0087] With respect to SBFD, the CLI on a sub-band may be caused by a signal that is transmitted, fully or partially, outside the sub-band. In order to measure an adjacent- channel CLI, a certain frequency range below and / or above the frequency range of the refence signal may be additionally nulled (e.g., zeroed). The bandwidth of the frequency range may be determined according to a standard specification, hardware specification, a network configuration, an implementation, or a combination thereof.

[0088] For example, a first BS (e.g., BS1) may transmit the CLLRS on a frequency range, such as a sub-band, without transmitting any signals on frequencies adjacent to the sub-band. The frequencies on which the BS1 does not transmit any signals may be communicated to a second BS (e.g., the BS2). In response, the BS2 may perform an adjacent-channel measurement on the CLI-RS on the adjacent frequencies.

[0089] In some cases, the CLI-RS sub-band may be associated, fully or partially, with an SBFD sub-band of the second BS, while the adjacent frequencies may be associated with an SBFD sub-band (or TDD / FDD communications) of the first BS. Alternatively, the CLI-RS sub-band may be associated, fully or partially, with an SBFD sub-band (or TDD / FDD communications) of the first BS, while the adjacent frequencies may be associated with an SBFD sub-band of the second BS.

[0090] In some embodiments, the first BS configures multiple RSs for CLI measurement associated with multiple beamforming configurations. Each beamforming configuration may be in the analog / RF domain or in the digital / baseband domain. The RS may be a DL RS, such as CD-SSB, NCD-SSB, or CSLRS, or a UL RS, such as SRS. As described herein, the first BS may use one or more antennas / panels, such as the antenna BS1-A2, for transmitting the CLI-RS, where the antenna BS1-A2 is used for receiving UL signals from a first UE in the UL sub-band.

[0091] The second BS may then perform measurements on the RS to obtain received signal strength values, such as SSB-RSRP, CSLRSRP, SRS-RSRP, and so on. The second BS uses the received signal strength values as a measure of CLI from the second BS to thefirst BS (e.g., through the reverse channel). In some cases, the multiple CLI-RS may be configured as a periodic or semi-persistent CLI-RS with a periodicity, where different instances of CLI-RS in different periodicities are associated with different beams, resources, sub-bands, additional parameters, and so on.

[0092] In some cases, multiple beamforming configurations can be utilized to measure adjacent-channel CLI. For example, the BS1 may transmit the multiple CLI-RS on a frequency range, such as a sub-band, and not transmit any signals on frequencies adjacent to the sub-band. The frequencies on which the BS1 does not transmit any signals may be communicated to the BS2. In response, the BS2 may perform adjacent-channel measurements on the multiple CLI-RS on the adjacent frequencies.

[0093] In some cases, the CLI-RS sub-band may be associated, fully or partially, with an SBFD sub-band of the second BS, while the adjacent frequencies may be associated with an SBFD sub-band (or TDD / FDD communications) of the first BS. Alternatively, the CLI-RS sub-band may be associated, fully or partially, with an SBFD sub-band (or TDD / FDD communications) of the first BS, while the adjacent frequencies may be associated with an SBFD sub-band of the second BS.

[0094] In some embodiments, a first BS (e.g., the BS1) configures an RS for CLI measurement. As described herein, the RS may be a DL RS, such as CD-SSB (e.g., an SSB associated with an individual cell), NCD-SSB (e.g., an SSB not associated with a cell), or CSLRS, or a UL RS, such as SRS. The first BS may use the antenna BS1-A1 for transmitting the CLI-RS, even though it is used for conventional DL / UL communications, such as TDD. By using the antenna BS1-A1, the BS1 simplifies its implementation, as the antenna BS1-A2 used for FD or SBFD does not have additional components or complexity (e.g., additional RF circuitry for Tx).

[0095] The second BS may then perform a measurement on the RS to obtain a channel measurement and / or a received signal strength value, such as an SSB-RSRP, CSLRSRP, SRS-RSRP, and so on. However, due to a potential Tx-Rx mismatch, the received signal strength value may not be used directly as a measure of CLI from the second BS on the first BS during the FD / SBFD operation. Therefore, the second BS should be informed of the potential Tx-Rx mismatch.

[0096] The second BS configures a second RS (e.g., CLI-RS2), and transmits the CLI- RS2 through the antenna BS2-A1, the same antenna used to perform the signal strength measurement on the CLI-RS. The first BS then performs a measurement on the CLI-RS2 and sends the measurement result to the second BS (e.g., over the backhaul interface, such as Xn / X2). The second BS compares the results obtained by measuring the CLI-RS and CLI-RS2 to determine Tx-Rx mismatch parameters. For example, a Tx-Rx mismatch parameter may be a worst-case signal strength discrepancy A, which can then be applied to a received signal strength value to obtain an estimate of the CLI. In some cases, the second BS may apply Rx beams for measuring CLI-RS that are reciprocal of Tx beams applied for transmitting the CLI-RS2 (e.g., according to a one-to-one relationship).

[0097] In some cases, the configuration of the RS can be associated with measuring adjacent-channel CLI. For example, the BS1 may transmit the CLI-RS on a frequency range, such as a sub-band, and not transmit any signals on frequencies adjacent to the subband. The frequencies on which the BS1 does not transmit any signals may be communicated between the first BS and the second BS. In response, the BS2 may perform an adjacent-channel measurement on the CLI-RS on the adjacent frequencies.

[0098] In some cases, the CLI-RS sub-band may be associated, fully or partially, with an SBFD sub-band of the second BS, while the adjacent frequencies may be associated with an SBFD sub-band (or TDD / FDD communications) of the first BS. Alternatively, the CLI-RS sub-band may be associated, fully or partially, with an SBFD sub-band (or TDD / FDD communications) of the first BS, while the adjacent frequencies may be associated with an SBFD sub-band of the second BS.

[0099] Further, the second BS may transmit the CLLRS2 on the frequency range (e.g., of the CLI-RS) while not transmitting any signals on the frequencies adjacent to the subband. In response, the first BS may perform an adjacent-channel measurement on the CLL RS2 on the adjacent frequencies. The first BS sends the measurement results to the second BS. The second BS compares the results obtained by measuring the CLI-RS and CLLRS2 determine Tx-Rx mismatch parameters, as described herein.

[0100] In some embodiments, the capabilities of either base station (e.g., the BS1 and / or the BS2) may be communicated to the other base station, the CN 106, a corenetwork function, a RAN controller, and so on. The capability information can be utilized by a receiving entity for a reference signal configuration, CLI measurement, and so on.

[0101] In a first example, a capability of the first BS to transmit a reference signal through the additional antenna / panel (e.g., BS1-A2) may be communicated to the second BS, the CN 106, a core network function, a RAN controller, and so on. If the second BS receives the information, directly from the first BS or indirectly through the CN 106 (e.g., a network function), the second BS may use the information to perform a measurement on the reference signal and use the result to obtain an estimate of the CLI on the reverse channel.

[0102] In a second example, the first BS may indicate that it does not transmit the reference signal through the additional antenna / panel (e.g., BS1-A2), and instead through the antenna panel used for TDD / FDD communications (e.g., BS1-A1). This information may then be used to transmit reference signals and / or perform measurement in both directions (e.g., as described herein) instead of transmitting reference signals and performing measurements in one direction (e.g., as described herein).

[0103] In some embodiments, obtaining an estimate of the CLI in the reverse channel based on measurements at the second BS may be, at least in part, on information identifying a BS type of the first BS and / or a BS type of the second BS.

[0104] For example, if the first BS and the second BS are the same BS type (e.g., they are both macro base stations or both small-cell base stations), the measurement result at the second BS may be used as an estimate of the CLI in the reverse channel without applying any additional power offsets.

[0105] As another example, if the first BS is a base station with a DL Tx power of Pl dBm and the second BS is a base station with a DL Tx power of P2 dBm, then the second BS may apply a power offset of P2-P1 dB (which is equivalent to the ratio of the DL powers in the real scale, e.g., in milliwatts) in order to obtain an estimate of the CLI in the reverse channel. Applying the offset may include adding or subtracting the offset in dB scale (which is equivalent to multiplying or dividing the ratio in the real scale) to the result of the measurement on the reference signal. These examples may apply for all BS types,such as when the first BS is a small-cell BS and the second BS is a macro BS, or vice versa, and may apply for co-channel CLI measurements and / or adjacent- channel CLI measurements, as described herein.

[0106] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a UE 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 600 may include a processor 602, a memory 604, a controller 606, and a transceiver 608. The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0107] The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0108] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general- purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate the memory 604. In some other implementations, the memory 604 may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the UE 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0109] The memory 604 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 602 cause the UE 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 604 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non- transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitorystorage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0110] In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to cause the UE 600 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604). For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the UE 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 600 may be configured to support a means for configuring an RLC layer of the device to start a timer when the RLC layer delivers an out of order data packet from the RLC layer to a PDCP layer, wherein the out of order data packet is associated with an SN, and upon expiration of the timer, updating a lower bound of a receiving window of the RLC layer, wherein the updated lower bound of the receiving window is an SN for a first data packet received by the RLC layer having an SN greater than the SN associated with the out of order packet for which not all bytes have been received.

[0111] The processor 602 may support wireless communication at the UE 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.

[0112] The controller 606 may manage input and output signals for the UE 600. The controller 606 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 600. In some implementations, the controller 606 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 606 may be implemented as part of the processor 602.

[0113] In some implementations, the UE 600 may include at least one transceiver 608. In some other implementations, the UE 600 may have more than one transceiver 608. The transceiver 608 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 608 may include one or more receiver chains 610, one or more transmitter chains 612, or a combination thereof.

[0114] A receiver chain 610 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 610 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier(LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0115] A transmitter chain 612 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 612 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 612 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 612 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0116] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0117] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memorylocal to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and others).

[0118] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

[0119] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction(s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and other functional units of the processor 700.

[0120] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700). In some otherimplementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700).

[0121] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

[0122] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700). In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700). One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not- AND (NAND), enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[0123] The processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.

[0124] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a NE 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 800 may include a processor 802, a memory 804, a controller 806, and a transceiver 808. The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0125] The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0126] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general- purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate the memory 804. In some other implementations, the memory 804 may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the NE 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0127] The memory 804 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 802 cause the NE 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 804 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non- transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0128] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause the NE 800 to perform one or more of thefunctions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804).

[0129] For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the NE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 800 may be configured to support a means for obtaining a configuration for CLI, the configuration comprising one or more of first information that indicates that a reference signal is for CLI, or second information that indicates an identifier of a first base station associated with the reference signal, receiving a reference signal according to the configuration, and estimating a CLI between the second base station and the first base station based at least in part on a CLI measurement on the received reference signal.

[0130] As another example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the NE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 800 may be configured to support a means for receiving a first configuration of a first reference signal, wherein the first configuration comprises: first information that the first reference signal is for CLI measurement, or second information that identifies one or more of a first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, or a sub-band associated with the first base station, performing a first CLI measurement by applying a reception beam on the first reference signal to obtain a first measurement result, transmitting a second reference signal by applying a transmission beam, receiving a second measurement result from the first base station based on the transmitted second reference signal, and determining an estimate of CLI that is based on a mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result.

[0131] The controller 806 may manage input and output signals for the NE 800. The controller 806 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 800. In some implementations, the controller 806 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 806 may be implemented as part of the processor 802.

[0132] In some implementations, the NE 800 may include at least one transceiver 808. In some other implementations, the NE 800 may have more than one transceiver 808. Thetransceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may include one or more receiver chains 810, one or more transmitter chains 812, or a combination thereof.

[0133] A receiver chain 810 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 810 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0134] A transmitter chain 812 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 812 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 812 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 812 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0135] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by an NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions.

[0136] At 902, the method may include obtaining a configuration for CLI, the configuration comprising one or more of first information that indicates that a reference signal is for CLI, or second information that indicates an identifier of a first base station associated with the reference signal. The operations of 902 may be performed inaccordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 902 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0137] At 904, the method may include receiving a reference signal according to the configuration. The operations of 904 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 904 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0138] At 906, the method may include estimating a CLI between the second base station and the first base station based at least in part on a CLI measurement on the received reference signal. The operations of 906 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 906 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0139] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0140] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by an NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions.

[0141] At 1002, the method may include receiving a first configuration of a first reference signal, wherein the first configuration comprises: first information that the first reference signal is for cross-link interference (CLI) measurement, or second information that identifies one or more of a first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, or a sub-band associated with the first base station. The operations of 1002 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1002 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0142] At 1004, the method may include performing a first CLI measurement by applying a reception beam on the first reference signal to obtain a first measurement result. The operations of 1004 may be performed in accordance with examples as describedherein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1004 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0143] At 1006, the method may include transmitting a second reference signal by applying a transmission beam. The operations of 1006 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1006 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0144] At 1008, the method may include receiving a second measurement result from the first base station based on the transmitted second reference signal. The operations of 1008 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1008 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0145] At 1010, the method may include determining an estimate of CLI that is based on a mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1008 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 8.

[0146] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0147] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A second base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second base station to: obtain a configuration for cross-link interference (CLI), the configuration comprising one or more of first information that indicates that a reference signal is for CLI, or second information that indicates an identifier of a first base station associated with the reference signal; receive a reference signal according to the configuration; and estimate a CLI between the second base station and the first base station based at least in part on a CLI measurement on the received reference signal.

2. The second base station of claim 1, wherein the configuration further comprises third information that indicates: a first reciprocal relationship between the reference signal and an uplink communication; a second reciprocal relationship between the reference signal and a full- duplex operation of a sub-band associated with the first base station; a first quasi-collocation (QCL) relationship between the reference signal and the uplink communication; a second QCL between the reference signal and the full-duplex operation; or an antenna configured for the full-duplex operation.

3. The second base station of claim 2, wherein the estimated CLI is caused by the second base station on the first base station, on a cell associated with the first base station, or on the sub-band associated with the first base station.

4. The second base station of claim 1, wherein the reference signal comprises: a cell-defining synchronization signal block (CD-SSB); a non-cell-defining synchronization signal block (NCD-SSB); a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS); or a sounding reference signal (SRS).

5. The second base station of claim 1, wherein a result of the CLI measurement comprises a channel measurement value or a receive signal strength value.

6. The second base station of claim 1, wherein the second information comprises an indication that the first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, a subband associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof, transmitted the reference signal to the second base station.

7. The second base station of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second base station to determine that a result of the CLI measurement is usable for CLI estimation between the second base station and the first base station based on at least one additional parameter, including: a power offset value; a first transmission power associated with the reference signal; or a type of the first base station, the second base station, or both.

8. The second base station of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second base station to: determine a transmission power, a beamforming configuration, a resource allocation, or a combination thereof, based on the estimated CLI between the second base station and the first base station.

9. The second base station of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second base station to determine the transmission power fortransmission of a signal by adjusting a current transmission power in response to the estimated CLI satisfying a threshold CLI value.

10. The second base station of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the second base station to: apply the transmission power for a transmission beam that is a reciprocal of a reception beam associated with the CLI measurement on the received reference signal.

11. The second base station of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second base station to determine the beamforming configuration based at least in part on: determining that the estimated CLI satisfies a threshold CLI value; and transmitting a signal without using a transmission beam that is a reciprocal of a reception beam that is applied when performing the CLI measurement on the reference signal.

12. The second base station of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second base station to determine the resource allocation by constraining transmission of a signal on resources that cause CLI.

13. The second base station of claim 12, wherein the signal comprises: a downlink reference signal, a synchronization signal, a broadcast signal, a control channel signal, a data channel signal, or a shared channel signal.

14. A method performed by a second base station, the method comprising: obtaining a configuration for cross-link interference (CLI), the configuration comprising one or more of first information that indicates that a reference signal is for CLI, or second information that indicates an identifier of a first base station associated with the reference signal; receiving a reference signal according to the configuration; andestimating a CLI between the second base station and the first base station based at least in part on a CLI measurement on the received reference signal.

15. A second base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second base station to: receive a first configuration of a first reference signal, wherein the first configuration comprises: first information that the first reference signal is for cross-link interference (CLI) measurement, or second information that identifies one or more of a first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, or a sub-band associated with the first base station; perform a first CLI measurement by applying a reception beam on the first reference signal to obtain a first measurement result; transmit a second reference signal by applying a transmission beam; receive a second measurement result from the first base station based on the transmitted second reference signal; and determine an estimate of CLI that is based on a mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result.

16. The second base station of claim 15, wherein the first reference signal or the second reference signal comprises: a cell-defining synchronization signal block (CD-SSB); a non-cell-defining synchronization signal block (NCD-SSB); a channel state information reference signal (CSLRS); or a sounding reference signal (SRS).

17. The second base station of claim 15, wherein the estimate of CLI comprises CLI from the second base station to the first base station, the cell associated with the first base station, or the sub-band associated with the first base station.

18. The second base station of claim 15, wherein the first measurement result or the second measurement result comprises a channel measurement value or a receive signal strength value.

19. The second base station of claim 15, wherein the mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result comprises a power offset value in decibels.

20. A method performed by a second base station, the method comprising: receiving a first configuration of a first reference signal, wherein the first configuration comprises: first information that the first reference signal is for cross-link interference (CLI) measurement, or second information that identifies one or more of a first base station, a cell associated with the first base station, or a sub-band associated with the first base station; performing a first CLI measurement by applying a reception beam on the first reference signal to obtain a first measurement result; transmitting a second reference signal by applying a transmission beam; receiving a second measurement result from the first base station based on the transmitted second reference signal; and determining an estimate of CLI that is based on a mismatch value between the first measurement result and the second measurement result.

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